WO2023118179A1 - Rotor pour une machine électrique, machine électrique et procédé de fabrication d'un rotor pour une machine électrique - Google Patents

Rotor pour une machine électrique, machine électrique et procédé de fabrication d'un rotor pour une machine électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023118179A1
WO2023118179A1 PCT/EP2022/087048 EP2022087048W WO2023118179A1 WO 2023118179 A1 WO2023118179 A1 WO 2023118179A1 EP 2022087048 W EP2022087048 W EP 2022087048W WO 2023118179 A1 WO2023118179 A1 WO 2023118179A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
short
circuit ring
circuit
ring arrangement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/087048
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin STÖCK
Roland BUOL
Fabian LOSCH
Daniel FREI
Original Assignee
Jheeco E-Drive Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jheeco E-Drive Ag filed Critical Jheeco E-Drive Ag
Publication of WO2023118179A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023118179A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/16—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rotor for an electrical machine according to the preamble of claim 1, an electrical machine according to the preamble of claim 14 and a method for producing a rotor for an electrical machine according to the preamble of claim 15.
  • a rotor for an electrical machine essentially comprises a rotor shaft and a rotor core, the rotor core comprising at least one short-circuit ring arrangement and a rotor bar, the short-circuit ring arrangement being equipped with an opening for receiving an end of the rotor bar, the rotor bar being connected to the short-circuit ring arrangement by means of a welded connection connected is.
  • Such a rotor for an electrical machine and the related production methods are known, for example, from the publications CH 658 959 A5, EP 2 804297 A2, DE 102016 203 143 A1 and EP 3297 142 A1.
  • the short-circuit bars are connected here to the short-circuit rings by means of welding. High demands are placed on the welded joints for a number of reasons.
  • the welded connection should be sufficiently mechanically stable so that, for example, imbalances can be avoided.
  • Another challenge is to create a highly conductive connection between rotor bars and short-circuit rings, especially when rotor bar windings are used. Due to the rotor bar windings, fewer turns per slot are possible than with the pull-in winding, eg in the case of the stranded wire winding usually 2 turns per slot, with the hairpin 4 to 10 turns per slot. As a result, the number of phase windings is limited by the winding technology, which must be compensated for by a higher number of slots per pole and phase. This increases the mag again. per pole. However, the total stray inductance drops because the double-linked stray inductance drops sharply due to the higher number of slots.
  • the leakage inductance In order to compensate for the converter-related additional losses due to phase current ripples in the ASM, the leakage inductance must be artificially increased, which now has to be done by the slot leakage inductance. With the given design, this can only be achieved with deeper rotor grooves without loss of performance be reached. In order to save costs, as few short-circuit rings as possible are used. However, this means that the copper rods must be connected to them over as large an area as possible.
  • this object is achieved by a rotor having the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • the welded connection is produced by means of deep welding. This makes it possible to electrically and mechanically connect the rotor bar and the short-circuit ring arrangement over a large area. This results in great stability and good electrical conductivity, so that high speeds can be achieved without the risk of imbalances or with only a low probability of imbalances.
  • different materials can also be easily connected to one another by deep-penetration welding.
  • the rotor stack comprises a number of rotor disks arranged axially one behind the other are received between the first shorting ring assembly and a second shorting ring assembly.
  • the short-circuit ring arrangement comprises at least one short-circuit ring, preferably two or more short-circuit rings, preferably three or four short-circuit rings, which are preferably arranged one behind the other in the axial direction.
  • the rotor core is equipped with a mount for the rotor bar, the mount in particular comprising recesses in the rotor disks and an opening in the first short-circuit ring arrangement and an opening in the second short-circuit ring arrangement.
  • a mount for the rotor bar the mount in particular comprising recesses in the rotor disks and an opening in the first short-circuit ring arrangement and an opening in the second short-circuit ring arrangement.
  • One rotor bar or several rotor bars are respectively accommodated in the receptacle, which preferably runs parallel to the rotor shaft.
  • the rotor stack is preferably equipped with a number of recesses and accordingly with a number of rotor bars.
  • the rotor bar and the short-circuit ring arrangement consist of different materials, in particular the rotor bar comprises a material made of copper or a copper alloy and the short-circuit ring arrangement comprises a material made of high-strength copper or a high-strength copper alloy, which in any case has a higher strength than the material used for the rotor bar.
  • the welded connection exists over the entire contour of the end face of the rotor bar or over the entire radial extent of the rotor bar.
  • the weld joint has a ratio of weld seam width on the surface to weld seam depth of 3:10 to 1:12, in particular 2:10, 1:10, particularly preferably 1:12.
  • the welded joint has a weld seam depth of 6 to 25 mm, preferably 22 mm.
  • the weld seams of the welded connection are designed in such a way that the short-circuit rings of the short-circuit ring arrangement are connected in a materially bonded manner. According to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, it can be provided that the short-circuit rings of the short-circuit ring arrangement are not connected in a materially bonded manner.
  • At least one steel disc is provided between the short-circuit rings. This advantageously results in a mechanical reinforcement or support.
  • the short-circuit ring has a thickness of 1.5 to 1.9 mm, preferably 1.7 mm.
  • the rotor is an aluminum rotor.
  • a further object of the present invention is to propose an improved electric machine, in particular an electric motor or an electric generator. According to the invention, this object is achieved by an electrical machine with the characterizing features of claim 14.
  • a further object of the present invention is to propose an improved method for producing a rotor, in particular to propose a method with which a fast-rotating rotor and/or a rotor that can be subjected to high current intensities or short-circuit rings and rotor bars made of different materials can be advantageously produced.
  • this object is achieved by a method having the characterizing features of claim 15. Because the welded connection between the rotor bar and the short-circuit ring arrangement is carried out by deep welding, the disadvantages outlined above can be overcome, or at least mitigated, and the advantages mentioned can be achieved.
  • the deep welding is carried out by means of laser beam deep welding or electron beam deep welding.
  • the welded connection is made by axial deep welding or by radial deep welding, in particular down to the bottom of the cutout of the short-circuit ring arrangement.
  • the welding process for producing the welded connection is carried out with a power of 0.5 to 1.5 megawatts per square centimeter, preferably 1 megawatt per square centimeter.
  • the short-circuit rings can be mounted as a short-circuit ring arrangement and in particular to be held together by knobs.
  • the short-circuit rings are therefore preferably assembled as a package (with or without steel discs).
  • the pack is preferably held together by nubs (as in stamped packs).
  • the short-circuit rings are held on the rotor shaft in a twist-tested manner.
  • a gap for a cooling fluid in particular an oil cooling, is provided between the short-circuit rings.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a rotor according to the invention for an electrical machine
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged detail of the rotor according to the invention for an electrical machine from FIG. 1 in a perspective view
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged detail of the rotor according to the invention for an electrical machine from FIGS. 1 and 2 in a cross-sectional representation.
  • the following reference symbols are used in the figures:
  • An electric machine according to the invention which is preferably an electric motor, but in particular can also be an electric generator, essentially comprises a rotor R according to the invention and a stator (not shown in FIG. 1).
  • a rotor according to the invention for an electrical machine essentially comprises a rotor shaft 1 and a rotor core 2, the rotor core 2 comprising at least a first short-circuit ring arrangement 21 and a rotor bar 24, the first short-circuit ring arrangement 21 having an opening 214 for receiving one end of the rotor bar 24 is equipped, wherein the rotor bar 24 is connected to the first short-circuit ring arrangement 21 , in particular in the opening 214 , by means of a welded joint.
  • the rotor R preferably comprises the rotor shaft 1 and the rotor stack 2, with the rotor stack 2, as can be seen from Figure 3, essentially comprising a number of rotor disks 23 arranged axially one behind the other, which are accommodated between the first short-circuit ring arrangement 21 and a second short-circuit ring arrangement 22 .
  • the rotor core 2 is held on the rotor shaft 1 in a torque-proof manner. According to an embodiment that is not shown, it can be provided that the rotor core 2 is clamped between a first thrust washer and a second thrust washer, with the thrust washers or at least one of the thrust washers in turn being non-rotatably connected to the rotor shaft 1 .
  • the rotor core 2 is equipped with a receptacle 25 for the rotor bar 24 .
  • the rotor R or the rotor stack 2 is preferably equipped with a plurality of rotor bars 24 so that the rotor stack 2 is equipped with a corresponding number of receptacles 25 .
  • Each receptacle 25 can preferably accommodate both one and multiple rotor bars 24 at the same time.
  • the receptacle 25 or the rotor bar 24 preferably runs parallel to the rotor shaft 1. Further rotor bars, receptacles, recesses, etc. are shown in the sectional view from FIG. 3 with the index '. It can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 that in the exemplary embodiment specifically illustrated, a multiplicity of rotor bars are provided, which are arranged distributed uniformly over the circumference.
  • the receptacle 25 preferably comprises recesses 231 provided in the rotor disks 23 and openings 214 in the short-circuit ring arrangements 21 and 22.
  • the recesses 231 are correspondingly provided in the rotor disks 23 and form a groove overall.
  • the openings 214 preferably correspond to the cross section of the rotor bar(s).
  • the rotor bar 24 is accommodated at each end in the opening 214 of the respective short-circuit ring arrangement 21 or 22 .
  • the rotor bars 24, which can also be referred to as short-circuit bars, can be rotor bar winding systems. In principle, however, solid rods are also possible. Copper or a copper alloy is preferably used as the electrically conductive material.
  • the short-circuit ring arrangement 21 or 22 can comprise a plurality of individual short-circuit rings 211, 212, 213 or 221, 222, 223, which are preferably arranged one behind the other in the axial direction.
  • the short-circuit ring arrangement is or the short-circuit rings are preferably made of high-strength copper or a high-strength copper alloy. Basically, the rotor bar and the short-circuit ring arrangement differ in terms of their material.
  • a welded connection 3 is provided between the rotor bar and the short-circuit ring arrangement or between each rotor bar and the short-circuit ring arrangements. According to the invention, it is provided that this is a deep-weld connection 3 .
  • Deep welding is a special process in which the seam depth is up to 10 times greater than the seam width and in which a depth of up to 25 mm can be welded.
  • the beam in particular a laser or electron beam, forms a deep, narrow hole in the workpiece, also known as a keyhole.
  • the jet vaporizes material and a vapor capillary forms.
  • the vapor capillary is surrounded by molten material.
  • the steam escapes and puts pressure on the melt. This generates more heat input in the material and more material melts.
  • the jet is moved over the joint, the vapor capillary moves with it.
  • the material flows around the vapor capillary and solidifies at the back. This process can create a very narrow but deep weld with an even structure. In the normal welding process, the material is only melted and not evaporated. No vapor capillary is formed. The welding depth is limited by the heat input, otherwise too much material will be melted and the component will be damaged or its function impaired.
  • a ratio of weld seam width on the surface to weld seam depth of 3:10 or less, in particular 2:10, 1:10, is preferably provided for the deep weld connection provided here.
  • the ratio of the weld seam width on the surface to the weld seam depth is particularly preferably 1:12.
  • the welding beam impinges on the outer contour of the rotor core or, in particular, on the outer contour of the short-circuit ring arrangement.
  • the welding beam RS is aligned perpendicularly or essentially perpendicularly to the rotor shaft 1 .
  • the deep welding takes place with radial welding, with at least two short-circuit rings 211, 212, 213 or 221, 222, 223 per short-circuit ring arrangement 21 or 22, preferably between the short-circuit rings.
  • the welding beam RS penetrates radially into the short-circuit ring arrangement, in particular down to the bottom of the respective opening 214.
  • the rotor preferably rotates, while the welding beam is preferably stationary.
  • a weld seam depth of 6 to 25 mm, preferably 22 mm, is advantageous as the welding depth for radial deep welding.
  • the welding beam AS hits the flat circular surface of the short-circuit ring arrangement 21 or 22 in the axial direction.
  • the welding beam is aligned parallel or substantially parallel to the rotor shaft.
  • deep-penetration welding preferably takes place on the short-circuit disk arrangement 21 or 22. The jet accordingly penetrates axially into the short-circuit disk arrangement.
  • contour of the rotor bar cross-section is traversed with the welding beam, or all rotor bars are welded in a cylindrical or snail-shaped form.
  • a weld seam depth of 6 to 25 mm, preferably 22 mm, is also advantageous as the welding depth for axial deep welding.
  • the short-circuit ring arrangement 21 or 22 can comprise one or more short-circuit rings 211, 212, 213 or 221, 222, 223.
  • the short-circuit ring arrangement comprises a number of short-circuit rings.
  • Each short-circuit ring 211, 212, 213 or 221, 222, 223 should be provided with at least one weld seam.
  • the welding beam or the resulting penetration should be kept at a distance from the respective outer rotor disk.
  • the burn-in should be at least 1.4 mm away from the respective outer rotor disk. If it is taken into account that a beam used for deep-penetration welding has a thickness of 0.5 mm, this results in a minimum sheet metal thickness of 1.9 mm, at most 1.5 mm if it is possible to weld closer.
  • Each short-circuit ring of the short-circuit ring arrangement should be welded at least once, resulting in a positive contribution to the electrical conductivity of the short-circuit rings among one another.
  • Deep welding in particular the better ratio of the weld seam width on the surface to the weld seam depth, 3:10 or less, allows a larger number of short-circuit rings, which can also be made thinner, to be used.
  • connection area per rotor bar made of a copper material is to be shown from a mechanical point of view using an example.
  • the short-circuit ring is sometimes exposed to high centrifugal forces, which can lead to permanent deformation of the short-circuit ring. Since the deformation cannot be radially uniform, it leads to a loss of rotor balance. High unbalance forces reduced the service life of the engine. Therefore, the goal is to achieve very little plastic deformation of the short-circuit ring during operation.
  • the deformation of the short-circuit ring can be reduced and the occurrence of imbalances can thus be counteracted. This could be demonstrated by comparing a conventional or conventionally manufactured rotor and a rotor according to the invention or manufactured according to the invention.
  • the aim of having a low plastic deformation can be achieved by the deep welding according to the invention.
  • a reduction in the maximum von Mises stress by a factor of 3.6 generally leads to fewer mechanical demands on the short-circuit ring, which means that less material can be used, which in turn means that lower costs can be expected.
  • an outer steel clamping ring (clamping ring) may become superfluous.
  • the current distribution over the various bars is sinusoidal, the highest current density of a largest bar corresponds to the highest current density in the short-circuit ring. Since oil collects at unwelded joints due to capillary effects, the current can only flow through the completely welded area.
  • a rotor bar has a cross-sectional area of 34.75 mm 2 .
  • the required cross-sectional area is 223 mm 2 , which results in a total height of the axially stacked short-circuit rings of (rounded) 30.7*7.5 mm. In practice, this value is not reached because the ring cannot be completely welded. Nevertheless, it must be ensured that the completely weldable area corresponds as closely as possible to the cross-section of the ring.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Induction Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un rotor (R) pour une machine électrique, lequel comprend un arbre de rotor (1) et un paquet rotorique (2), le paquet rotorique (2) comprenant au moins un ensemble bague de court-circuitage (21 ou 22) et une barre rotorique (24), l'ensemble bague de court-circuitage (21 ou 22) étant muni d'un orifice (214) destiné à recevoir une extrémité de la barre rotorique (24), la barre rotorique (24) étant reliée à l'ensemble bague de court-circuitage (21 ou 22) au moyen d'une liaison soudée (3), ladite liaison soudée (3) étant une liaison par soudage profond, une machine électrique, en particulier un moteur électrique ou un générateur électrique comprenant un stator ou un rotor (R), caractérisée par un rotor selon l'invention, ainsi qu'un procédé de fabrication d'un rotor selon l'invention, caractérisé en ce que la liaison soudée (3) est réalisée par soudage profond.
PCT/EP2022/087048 2021-12-21 2022-12-20 Rotor pour une machine électrique, machine électrique et procédé de fabrication d'un rotor pour une machine électrique WO2023118179A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021134035.7 2021-12-21
DE102021134035.7A DE102021134035A1 (de) 2021-12-21 2021-12-21 Rotor für eine elektrische Maschine, elektrische Maschine sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Rotors für eine elektrische Maschine

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023118179A1 true WO2023118179A1 (fr) 2023-06-29

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PCT/EP2022/087048 WO2023118179A1 (fr) 2021-12-21 2022-12-20 Rotor pour une machine électrique, machine électrique et procédé de fabrication d'un rotor pour une machine électrique

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DE (1) DE102021134035A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023118179A1 (fr)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH658959A5 (en) 1983-06-10 1986-12-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Asynchronous rotor
EP2804297A2 (fr) 2013-05-18 2014-11-19 Tesla Motors, Inc. Dispositif rotor à cage d écureuil avec joint de couvercle d'extrémité soudé par faisceaux d'électrons
JP5675412B2 (ja) * 2011-02-14 2015-02-25 株式会社日立産機システム 電動機の回転子とその製造方法
US9570968B1 (en) * 2016-09-14 2017-02-14 Shanghai XPT Technology Limited Rotor of induction motor and method for manufacturing the same
DE102016203143A1 (de) 2016-02-26 2017-08-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Mittels Elektronenschweißen hergestellter Käfigläuferrotor
CN207603316U (zh) * 2017-11-17 2018-07-10 蔚来汽车有限公司 电机及其铜转子结构
JP2019154224A (ja) * 2018-02-28 2019-09-12 ヴィーラント ウェルケ アクチーエン ゲゼルシャフトＷｉｅｌａｎｄ−Ｗｅｒｋｅ Ａｋｔｉｅｎｇｅｓｅｌｌｓｃｈａｆｔ かご型ロータ及びかご型ロータを製造するための方法
CN111525719A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2020-08-11 中车永济电机有限公司 电机转子

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19542962C1 (de) 1995-11-17 1996-11-28 Siemens Ag Kurzschlußläufer für eine Asynchronmaschine und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
AT519980B1 (de) 2017-08-28 2018-12-15 Miba Ag Statorkomponente für eine elektrische Maschine

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH658959A5 (en) 1983-06-10 1986-12-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Asynchronous rotor
JP5675412B2 (ja) * 2011-02-14 2015-02-25 株式会社日立産機システム 電動機の回転子とその製造方法
EP2804297A2 (fr) 2013-05-18 2014-11-19 Tesla Motors, Inc. Dispositif rotor à cage d écureuil avec joint de couvercle d'extrémité soudé par faisceaux d'électrons
DE102016203143A1 (de) 2016-02-26 2017-08-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Mittels Elektronenschweißen hergestellter Käfigläuferrotor
US9570968B1 (en) * 2016-09-14 2017-02-14 Shanghai XPT Technology Limited Rotor of induction motor and method for manufacturing the same
EP3297142A1 (fr) 2016-09-14 2018-03-21 Shanghai XPT Technology Limited Rotor pour moteur à induction et son procédé de fabrication
CN207603316U (zh) * 2017-11-17 2018-07-10 蔚来汽车有限公司 电机及其铜转子结构
JP2019154224A (ja) * 2018-02-28 2019-09-12 ヴィーラント ウェルケ アクチーエン ゲゼルシャフトＷｉｅｌａｎｄ−Ｗｅｒｋｅ Ａｋｔｉｅｎｇｅｓｅｌｌｓｃｈａｆｔ かご型ロータ及びかご型ロータを製造するための方法
CN111525719A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2020-08-11 中车永济电机有限公司 电机转子

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