WO2023116202A1 - Near-eye display apparatus, and contrast adjustment method for near-eye display apparatus - Google Patents

Near-eye display apparatus, and contrast adjustment method for near-eye display apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023116202A1
WO2023116202A1 PCT/CN2022/128556 CN2022128556W WO2023116202A1 WO 2023116202 A1 WO2023116202 A1 WO 2023116202A1 CN 2022128556 W CN2022128556 W CN 2022128556W WO 2023116202 A1 WO2023116202 A1 WO 2023116202A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
light
dye liquid
eye display
display device
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PCT/CN2022/128556
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵兴明
范真涛
田克汉
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嘉兴驭光光电科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN202111600613.5A external-priority patent/CN114355611A/en
Priority claimed from CN202123298411.8U external-priority patent/CN216901151U/en
Application filed by 嘉兴驭光光电科技有限公司 filed Critical 嘉兴驭光光电科技有限公司
Publication of WO2023116202A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023116202A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of AR/VR, and in particular to a near-eye display device and a contrast adjustment method of the near-eye display device.
  • AR Augmented Reality
  • AR glasses are one of the important media in the field of augmented reality. 1.
  • the existing AR glasses display system has the problem of low brightness, which leads to the problem of poor contrast when AR glasses are used in bright environments, which limits the promotion of AR glasses.
  • Electrochromic lenses use inorganic transition metal oxides such as WO3, NiO, and IrO, which have problems such as slow response speed and high energy consumption. Twisted nematic liquid crystal light valves are polarization-dependent and need to be matched with linear polarizers, which will lose more than 50% of the incident light. When paired with AR waveguide display systems, the application environment of AR glasses will be limited.
  • the present invention relates to a near-eye display device, comprising:
  • the optical waveguide is used to receive and transmit image light and ambient light, and the optical waveguide includes:
  • an in-coupling unit disposed on the in-coupling region of the waveguide substrate for coupling image light incident thereon into the waveguide substrate;
  • the outcoupling unit is arranged on the outcoupling area of the waveguide substrate, and is used for outcoupling the image light incident thereon to the eyes of the wearer;
  • the dye liquid crystal light valve is arranged on the side of the light waveguide opposite to the wearer, and is used to transmit ambient light to the light waveguide, and the transmittance of ambient light is related to the working voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve;
  • the controller is configured to adjust the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve to adjust the contrast between the image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and the ambient light passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve and the light waveguide.
  • the dye liquid crystal light valve includes: a first conductive electrode covering the first PI alignment film, a second conductive electrode covering the second PI alignment film, and filling the first PI alignment film and the The dye liquid crystal layer between the second PI alignment film.
  • the liquid crystal in the dye liquid crystal layer is in a vertical texture state when the first operating voltage is applied, and is in a planar texture state when the power is turned off.
  • the dye liquid crystal layer includes: 82%-90% liquid crystal, 5%-15% dichroic dye and 1%-4% chiral agent.
  • the alignment directions of the first PI alignment film and the second conductive PI alignment film are perpendicular to each other.
  • the liquid crystal in the dye liquid crystal layer is in a vertically textured state when the first operating voltage is applied, and is in a focal conic textured state when the power is turned off.
  • the dye liquid crystal layer includes: 82%-90% liquid crystal, 5%-15% dichroic dye, 1%-4% chiral agent, 1%-5% Liquid crystal monomer and 2%-7% photoinitiator.
  • the dye liquid crystal layer is filled in a liquid crystal cell, wherein the alignment direction of the first PI alignment film and the second PI alignment film are antiparallel; the dye liquid crystal light valve is formed by the After the dye liquid crystal layer is filled in the liquid crystal cell, the false point is solidified and formed.
  • the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode are pixel addressing electrodes, which are used for pattern driving to change the passing area of the ambient light on the dye liquid crystal light valve.
  • the controller is further configured to control the on-off of the pixel address electrodes according to the image content to locally The contrast between the image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and the ambient light passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve and the light waveguide is adjusted.
  • the dichroic dye is any one or a combination of three primary colors.
  • the dye liquid crystal light valve is connected to the optical waveguide through optical glue
  • an air layer is set between the dye liquid crystal light valve and the optical waveguide
  • the optical waveguide includes a diffractive optical waveguide, Any of volume holographic waveguide, array waveguide, and free-form surface prism waveguide.
  • the dye liquid crystal light valve is detachably connected to the optical waveguide.
  • the near-eye display device further includes: an optical machine configured to output the image light, and the controller is coupled to the optical machine and configured to adjust the output of the optical machine.
  • the brightness and contrast of the image light is coupled to the optical machine and configured to adjust the output of the optical machine.
  • the optical machine includes any one of Microled optical machine, DLP optical machine, Lcos optical machine, and MEMS optical machine.
  • the controller is further configured to control the dye liquid crystal light valve to be powered on or off, so that the near-eye display device switches between the AR mode and the VR mode.
  • the near-eye display device further includes an ambient light sensor for sensing the brightness of the ambient light, and the controller communicates with the ambient light sensor and is configured to, based on the brightness of the ambient light, adjusting the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve.
  • the near-eye display device further includes a user operation interface configured to receive user input on the contrast between image light and ambient light
  • the controller is coupled to the user operation interface, and It is configured to adjust the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve according to the user input, so as to adjust the contrast between the image light coupled out to the eyes of the wearer and the ambient light passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve and the light waveguide.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for adjusting the contrast of the near-eye display device as described above, including:
  • the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve of the near-eye display device is adjusted to adjust the coupling between the image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve and the Contrast of ambient light behind the light guide.
  • the present invention designs a near-eye display device with a dye liquid crystal light valve and an AR waveguide, which can regulate the ambient light transmittance in a wide range and solve the problem of poor contrast of image light superimposed on ambient light. Due to the dichroism in the dye liquid crystal light valve There are various colors of dyes, which can also expand the color gamut width of the display device, which can make the near-eye display device as fashionable and full of technological sense as sunglasses.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an optical path of a near-eye display device according to yet another embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a dye liquid crystal light valve according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4a shows a schematic diagram of the comparison of two states of the first dye liquid crystal light valve according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4b shows a schematic diagram of the operating voltage VS ambient light transmittance curve of the first dye liquid crystal light valve
  • Fig. 4c shows a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device using the first dye liquid crystal light valve according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5a shows a schematic diagram of the comparison of two states of the second dye liquid crystal light valve according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5b shows a schematic diagram of the operating voltage VS ambient light transmittance curve of the second dye liquid crystal light valve
  • Fig. 5c shows a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device using a second dye liquid crystal light valve according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device of a pixelated dye liquid crystal light valve according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device using an ambient light sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features.
  • a feature defined as “first” or “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of said features.
  • “plurality” means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • Connected, or integrally connected it can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected, or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction of two components relation.
  • a first feature being “on” or “under” a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include the first and second features Not in direct contact but through another characteristic contact between them.
  • “on”, “above” and “above” the first feature on the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the level of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature.
  • “Below”, “below” and “under” the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the level of the first feature is smaller than that of the second feature.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the near-eye display device 100 includes an optical waveguide 10 , a dye liquid crystal light valve 20 and a controller 30 . specifically:
  • the optical waveguide 10 is used to receive and transmit image light and ambient light.
  • the optical waveguide 10 includes a waveguide substrate 11 , an in-coupling unit 12 and an out-coupling unit 13 .
  • the waveguide substrate 11 is used as a medium for transmitting image light and ambient light, and an in-coupling unit 12 and an out-coupling unit 13 are arranged thereon.
  • the coupling unit 12 is disposed in the coupling area of the waveguide substrate 11 for coupling image light incident thereon into the waveguide substrate 11 .
  • the outcoupling unit 13 is arranged in the outcoupling area of the waveguide substrate 11 and is used for outcoupling the image light incident thereon to the eyes of the wearer.
  • the near-eye display device 100 further includes an optical engine 40 for outputting image light.
  • the optical waveguide 10 is, for example, a diffractive optical waveguide.
  • the image light is coupled into the waveguide substrate 11 through the in-coupling unit 12, and then is incident on the out-coupling unit 13 after multiple times of total reflection.
  • the output unit 13 emits light, part of the image light continues to be totally reflected, and finally all the image light is coupled out to the eyes of the wearer.
  • the optical waveguide 10 can be any one of a diffractive optical waveguide, a volume holographic optical waveguide, an array optical waveguide, and a free-form surface prism waveguide.
  • a diffractive optical waveguide a volume holographic optical waveguide
  • an array optical waveguide an array optical waveguide
  • a free-form surface prism waveguide a free-form surface prism waveguide.
  • the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is arranged on the side of the light waveguide 10 opposite to the wearer, and is used to transmit ambient light to the light waveguide 10 .
  • the transmittance of ambient light is related to the working voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 .
  • a liquid crystal light valve is a device that changes the light transmittance by controlling the spatial arrangement of liquid crystal molecules through voltage. Dissolving the dichroic dye in the liquid crystal can form a guest-host relationship, the liquid crystal is the host (Host), and the dichroic dye is the guest (Guest). Under the action of an external electric field, the dye molecules rotate with the liquid crystal molecules, and the light transmittance can be adjusted by absorbing or reflecting light.
  • dichroic dyes have the property of light absorbance anisotropy, and dichroic dyes can be divided into positive dichroic dyes and negative dichroic dyes according to the orientation relationship between the absorption axis of the dye molecule and the molecular axis.
  • the light When the E vector of the light is perpendicular to the optical axis of the dichroic dye, the light basically passes through; when the E vector of the light is parallel to the optical axis of the dichroic dye, the light is basically absorbed.
  • Such dyes are positive dichroic dyes.
  • Negative dichroic dyes are just the opposite. According to the characteristics of positive and negative dyes, light is absorbed or transmitted, thereby changing the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer.
  • Dye liquid crystal light valves use dichroic dyes to selectively transmit light without polarizers, which can meet the performance requirements of light valves.
  • the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 includes: a first conductive electrode 21 covering a first PI alignment film 24, a second conductive electrode 22 covering a second PI alignment film 25, and filling in The dye liquid crystal layer 23 between the first PI alignment film 24 and the second PI alignment film 25 .
  • the first conductive electrode 21 and the second conductive electrode 22 are preferably integral surface electrodes, such as indium tin oxide (Indium Tin Oxide, ITO) or indium zinc oxide (Indium Zinc Oxide, IZO) and other transparent Made of conductive material.
  • the upper surface of the first conductive electrode 21 is covered with the first PI alignment film 24 and the lower surface of the second conductive electrode 22 is covered with the second PI alignment film 25, between the first PI alignment film 24 and the second PI alignment film 25
  • the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is filled in between.
  • an insulating layer (not shown in FIG. 3 ) is provided between the first conductive electrode 21 and the first PI alignment film 24 and between the second conductive electrode 22 and the second PI alignment film 25 .
  • the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 When making the dye liquid crystal light valve 20, first spin-coat polyimide (PI) on the surface of transparent conductive glass; then use a rubbing machine to carry out directional rubbing on its surface, and directional rubbing makes the PI surface directional anchoring energy, and can make the liquid crystal Generate a pre-tilt angle; then cut the oriented transparent conductive glass into a special shape and then paste it into a liquid crystal cell; finally pour the dye liquid crystal mixture into the liquid crystal cell to form a dye liquid crystal light valve.
  • the PI orientation direction of the transparent conductive glass surface is divided into two types, the first one is vertical, and the second one is antiparallel. The description here is only an example, and the present invention does not limit the manufacturing method of the dye liquid crystal light valve.
  • the liquid crystal in the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is in a homeotropic texture state (homeotropic texture) at the first operating voltage, and is in a planar texture state (planar texture) when the power is off.
  • Figure 4a shows a schematic diagram of the comparison of the two states of the first dye liquid crystal light valve of an embodiment of the present invention, because the liquid crystal molecules are polar molecules, due to the force between molecules, when the liquid crystal molecules are assembled together, the molecular length
  • the axes are always parallel to each other or have a preferred direction.
  • the unit vector of the average tendency of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules is called the director of the liquid crystal.
  • the director is generally determined by the polar angle and the azimuth angle, which describes the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in space and can characterize the macroscopic structure and state of the liquid crystal.
  • a voltage is applied to the dye liquid crystal light valve 20
  • the liquid crystal molecules go from one equilibrium state to another equilibrium state.
  • the state of the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is a vertical texture state; when the voltage is turned off, the state of the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is a planar texture state.
  • Adjusting the operating voltage applied to the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 can adjust the molecular arrangement in the dye liquid crystal layer 23. Referring to FIG. 20 working voltage to adjust the transmittance of ambient light.
  • the dye liquid crystal layer 23 when the operating voltage is 0V, the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is in a planar texture state, the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is turned off, and the ambient light transmittance is about 21%; when the operating voltage is 5V, the dye liquid crystal layer The layer 23 is in a vertical texture state, and the ambient light transmittance is about 90%. When the operating voltage is 2.5V, the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is in an intermediate state, and the ambient light transmittance is about 55%. That is, when the operating voltage is adjusted between 0V and 5V, the ambient light transmittance can be controlled to vary between 21%-90%.
  • the first dye liquid crystal layer includes: 82%-90% liquid crystal, 5%-15% dichroic dye and 1%-4% chiral agent.
  • liquid crystals such as E7, SLC092315-200, SLC131330-000, etc.
  • chiral agents such as R6N, S811, R1011, CB15, etc.
  • dichroic dyes mixed according to a certain ratio, wherein the dichroic dye has a rod-like structure.
  • liquid crystals account for 82%-90%
  • dichroic dyes account for 5%-15%
  • chiral agents account for 1%-4%.
  • the proportion of dichroic dyes is related to the dimming of the final dye liquid crystal light valve range dependent.
  • the above materials are mixed to form a dye liquid crystal, and the dye liquid crystal is poured into the liquid crystal cell through capillary suction to form the first type of dye liquid crystal light valve.
  • the description here is only an example, and the present invention does not limit the manufacturing method of the dye liquid crystal light valve.
  • the first dye liquid crystal layer is filled in the liquid crystal cell, and the alignment directions of the first PI alignment film 24 and the second PI alignment film 25 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the liquid crystal in the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is in a homeotropic texture state (homeotropic texture) at the first operating voltage, and is in a focal conic texture state (focal conic texture) when the power is off.
  • Figure 5a shows a schematic diagram of the comparison of two states of the second dye liquid crystal light valve according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example, when the first operating voltage is applied to the dye liquid crystal light valve 20, the state of the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is a vertical texture State: when the voltage is turned off, the state of the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is a focal conic texture state. It can be seen that adjusting the operating voltage applied to the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 can adjust the molecular arrangement in the dye liquid crystal layer 23.
  • the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is used to adjust the transmittance of ambient light. 5b and 5c, when the operating voltage is 0V, the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is in the state of focal conic texture, the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is turned off, and the ambient light transmittance is about 8%; when the operating voltage is 8V, the dye The liquid crystal layer 23 is in a vertical texture state, and the ambient light transmittance is about 90%; when the operating voltage is 4V, the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is in an intermediate state, and the ambient light transmittance is about 50%. That is, when the operating voltage is adjusted between 0V and 8V, the ambient light transmittance can be controlled to vary between 8%-90%.
  • the second dye liquid crystal layer includes: 82%-90% liquid crystal, 5%-15% dichroic dye, 1%-4% chiral agent, 1%-5 % liquid crystal monomer and 2%-7% photoinitiator.
  • liquid crystals such as E7, SLC092315-200, SLC131330-000, etc.
  • chiral agents such as R6N, S811, R1011, CB15, etc.
  • dichroic dyes liquid crystal monomers (such as RM82, RM257, PFDA, 2-EHA, etc.) %-15%
  • chiral agent accounts for 1%-4%
  • liquid crystal monomer accounts for 1%-5%
  • photoinitiator accounts for 2%-7%.
  • the above materials are mixed to form a dye liquid crystal, and the dye liquid crystal is poured into a liquid crystal cell through capillary suction to form a second type of dye liquid crystal light valve.
  • the description here is only an example, and the present invention does not limit the manufacturing method of the dye liquid crystal light valve.
  • the second dye liquid crystal layer is filled in the liquid crystal cell, wherein the alignment directions of the first PI alignment film 24 and the second PI alignment film 25 are antiparallel; the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is controlled by the second PI alignment film.
  • the dye liquid crystal layer is filled in the liquid crystal cell and then cured with electricity.
  • the liquid crystal state and the ambient light transmittance of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 through two dye liquid crystal layers 23 with different composition ratios For the first dye liquid crystal light valve, the liquid crystal forms a planar texture state under the joint effect of the anchoring effect of the alignment layer and the twisting effect of the chiral agent.
  • the helical structure has a certain absorption of light; when electricity is applied to both ends of the liquid crystal cell, the long axis of the liquid crystal is parallel to the electric field under the action of the electric field. At this time, the liquid crystal is in a vertical texture state, and the dye follows the orientation of the liquid crystal chip.
  • the dye and the liquid crystal grow
  • the axis is parallel to the optical axis of the liquid crystal cell, and there is no absorption of light, so the liquid crystal cell is transparent.
  • the liquid crystal monomer in the mixed liquid crystal is cured with ultraviolet light, and the power is removed after curing.
  • the liquid crystal is anchored by the polymer grid, and the chirality Function, liquid crystal alignment and anchoring to form a focal conic texture state, the liquid crystals are scattered, and the dyes are already scattered.
  • the dyes have a strong absorption of light, and the absorption of light does not depend on polarization.
  • Both dye liquid crystal light valves have good ambient light transmittance and a large adjustable dynamic range, which can effectively solve the problem of poor contrast of existing AR display devices in bright environments.
  • the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is connected with the optical waveguide 10 through optical glue, and an air layer is set between the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 and the optical waveguide 10 to prevent the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 from Image light transmission inside the optical waveguide is negatively affected.
  • optical glue is provided between the first conductive electrode 21 and the second conductive electrode 22 to isolate the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the controller 30 is configured to adjust the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 to adjust the contrast between the image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and the ambient light passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 and the optical waveguide 10 .
  • the controller 30 is connected to the first conductive electrode 21 and the second conductive electrode 22 of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20, and is used to adjust the working voltage applied to the dye liquid crystal light valve 20, thereby changing the ambient light transmittance.
  • the near-eye display device 100 further includes: an optical machine 40 configured to output image light.
  • the controller 30 is coupled to the optical machine 40 and configured to adjust the image output by the optical machine 40 Brightness and contrast of light. Cooperating with the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 to adjust the light transmittance of the ambient light, the problem of poor contrast of the image light superimposed on the ambient light can be solved.
  • the optical machine 40 includes any one of Microled optical machine, DLP optical machine, Lcos optical machine, and MEMS optical machine.
  • the types of optomechanics mentioned above are all prior art, and will not be repeated here.
  • the present invention uses the optical waveguide 10 as the image display window, and the image light emitted by the optical machine 40 is projected to the coupling unit 12 of the optical waveguide 10, and is transmitted to the coupling unit 13 in the waveguide substrate 11, and then coupled out into the wearable In the wearer's eyes, the ambient light enters the wearer's eyes after being transmitted through the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 and the optical waveguide 10, and the image light and the ambient light are superimposed to achieve the effect of mixing virtual reality and reality.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is used to adjust the contrast between the image light and the ambient light, effectively solving the problem of poor contrast in the prior art when the image light is directly superimposed on the ambient light.
  • the first conductive electrode 21 and the second conductive electrode 22 of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 are pixel addressing electrodes, which are used for patterned driving to change the passing area of ambient light on the dye liquid crystal light valve .
  • the conductive electrodes of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 use pixel addressing electrodes, that is, the electrodes can be driven pixelated.
  • the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 can be driven in a pattern because the driving electrode is a pixel addressing electrode.
  • the content of the image displayed by the optical waveguide 10 is the number "9"
  • the controller 30 powers on the pixel electrodes to be driven according to the content of the image
  • the area corresponding to the image "9" of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 appears a graphical distribution.
  • the controller 30 applies a working voltage to the electrodes in this region, and the working voltage can be adjusted, and the other regions are powered off, so as to accurately control the contrast between the ambient light and the image light.
  • the first conductive electrode 21 and the second conductive electrode 22 in the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 are pixel addressing electrodes
  • the controller 30 is also configured to control the on-off of the pixel addressing electrodes according to the image content , to locally adjust the contrast between the image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and the ambient light passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve and the light waveguide.
  • pixelated liquid crystal light valves ambient light does not need to pass through the areas where the content is not displayed, and for areas where the optical waveguide displays content, the liquid crystal light valve can be driven by pixelation, so that the contrast of the optical waveguide display content can be locally adjusted.
  • the dichroic dye in the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is any one or a combination of multiple primary colors.
  • the color of the dichroic dye is one of the three primary colors of red, green or blue, or a combination of multiple colors to expand the color gamut, making the near-eye display device 100 full of fashion and technology like sunglasses.
  • the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is detachably connected with the optical waveguide 10.
  • the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 used to control the transmittance of ambient light can be removed, so that the ambient light can pass through the optical waveguide 10 to the maximum and then enter the wearer's eyes. .
  • the controller 30 is further configured to control the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 to be powered on or off, so that the near-eye display device 100 switches between the AR mode and the VR mode.
  • the controller 30 is further configured to control the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 to be powered on or off, so that the near-eye display device 100 switches between the AR mode and the VR mode.
  • the ambient light transmittance is about 90%, and the wearer can see the ambient light and the real scene of the environment, and can also see the virtual image formed by the image light.
  • the near-eye display device is in AR mode; when the second dye liquid crystal light valve is powered off, the ambient light transmittance is about 8%, and the wearer can hardly see the ambient light and the real scene of the environment, but can see the image formed by the light Virtual image, at this time, the near-eye display device is in VR mode.
  • the near-eye display device 100 further includes an ambient light sensor 50 for sensing the brightness of the ambient light
  • the controller 30 communicates with the ambient light sensor 50, and is configured to adjust the brightness based on the ambient light The operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20.
  • the ambient light brightness is collected by the ambient light sensor and fed back to the controller 30.
  • the controller 30 can dynamically adjust the ambient light transmittance of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20, thereby changing the brightness of the ambient light entering the wearer's eyes, reducing eye strain. It reduces facial fatigue and does not require manual adjustment by the wearer, improving user experience.
  • the near-eye display device 100 further includes a user operation interface configured to receive user input on the contrast between image light and ambient light, and the controller 30 is coupled to the user operation interface and configured to The operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is adjusted according to user input to adjust the contrast between the image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and the ambient light passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 and the optical waveguide 10 .
  • the near-eye display device 100 can automatically adjust the ambient light transmittance based on the ambient light sensor 50 , and can also switch from the automatic mode to the manual mode by receiving instructions from the wearer, so as to meet the needs of different wearers and improve user experience.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for adjusting the contrast of the near-eye display device 100 as described above, including:
  • the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 of the near-eye display device 100 is adjusted to adjust the amount of image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and after passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 and the optical waveguide 10. The contrast of the ambient light.

Abstract

A near-eye display apparatus (100), comprising: an optical waveguide (10), which is used for receiving and transmitting image light and ambient light, wherein the optical waveguide (10) comprises a waveguide substrate (11); an in-coupling unit (12), which is arranged in an in-coupling area of the waveguide substrate (11) and is used for coupling image light incident thereon in the waveguide substrate (11); an out-coupling unit (13), which is arranged in an out-coupling area of the waveguide substrate (11) and is used for coupling the image light out to eyes of a wearer; a dye liquid crystal light valve (20), which is arranged on the side of the optical waveguide (10) opposite the wearer and is used for transmitting the ambient light to the optical waveguide (10), wherein the transmittance of the ambient light is related to an operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve (20); and a controller (30), which is configured to be capable of adjusting the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve (20), so as to adjust the contrast between the image light coupled out to the eyes of the wearer and the ambient light passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve (20) and the optical waveguide (10). The transmittance of ambient light can be regulated and controlled within a relatively wide range, the problem of the contrast of image light superimposed with the ambient light being poor is solved, and the color gamut width of the display apparatus can also be expanded, such that the display apparatus is both stylish and has a high-tech feel.

Description

近眼显示装置以及近眼显示装置的对比度调节方法Near-eye display device and contrast adjustment method for near-eye display device 技术领域technical field
本公开涉及AR/VR领域，尤其涉及一种近眼显示装置以及一种近眼显示装置的对比度调节方法。The present disclosure relates to the field of AR/VR, and in particular to a near-eye display device and a contrast adjustment method of the near-eye display device.
背景技术Background technique
随着半导体工艺的高度发展，人与计算机之间的交互方式正在飞速发展，增强现实(Augmented Reality，简称AR)可以提供给人类以更多维度的信息，AR眼镜是增强现实领域的重要媒介之一，然而现有AR眼镜显示系统存在亮度低的问题，导致AR眼镜在明亮环境中使用存在对比度差的问题，限制了AR眼镜的推广。With the high development of semiconductor technology, the interaction between human and computer is developing rapidly. Augmented Reality (AR) can provide human beings with more dimensional information. AR glasses are one of the important media in the field of augmented reality. 1. However, the existing AR glasses display system has the problem of low brightness, which leads to the problem of poor contrast when AR glasses are used in bright environments, which limits the promotion of AR glasses.
现有AR眼镜采用电致变色镜片或扭曲向列相液晶光阀调节亮度。电致变色镜片采用WO3、NiO、IrO等无机过渡金属氧化物，存在响应速度慢、能耗高等问题。扭曲向列相液晶光阀为偏振依赖，需要与线偏振片搭配，而线偏振片会损失50％以上入射光，与AR波导显示系统搭配后，会导致AR眼镜应用环境受限。Existing AR glasses use electrochromic lenses or twisted nematic liquid crystal light valves to adjust brightness. Electrochromic lenses use inorganic transition metal oxides such as WO3, NiO, and IrO, which have problems such as slow response speed and high energy consumption. Twisted nematic liquid crystal light valves are polarization-dependent and need to be matched with linear polarizers, which will lose more than 50% of the incident light. When paired with AR waveguide display systems, the application environment of AR glasses will be limited.
背景技术部分的内容仅仅是公开发明人所知晓的技术，并不当然代表本领域的现有技术。The content in the background section only discloses the technology known to the inventors, and does not necessarily represent the prior art in this field.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于现有的一个或多个缺陷，本发明涉及一种近眼显示装置，包括：In view of one or more existing defects, the present invention relates to a near-eye display device, comprising:
光波导，用于接收并传输图像光和环境光，所述光波导包括：The optical waveguide is used to receive and transmit image light and ambient light, and the optical waveguide includes:
波导基板；waveguide substrate;
耦入单元，设置在所述波导基板的耦入区域上，用于将入射到其上的图像光耦入所述波导基板；和an in-coupling unit disposed on the in-coupling region of the waveguide substrate for coupling image light incident thereon into the waveguide substrate; and
耦出单元，设置在所述波导基板的耦出区域上，用于将入射到其上 的图像光耦出至佩戴者的眼中；The outcoupling unit is arranged on the outcoupling area of the waveguide substrate, and is used for outcoupling the image light incident thereon to the eyes of the wearer;
染料液晶光阀，设置在所述光波导上与佩戴者相对的一侧，用于将环境光透射到所述光波导上，环境光的透射率与所述染料液晶光阀的工作电压相关；和The dye liquid crystal light valve is arranged on the side of the light waveguide opposite to the wearer, and is used to transmit ambient light to the light waveguide, and the transmittance of ambient light is related to the working voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve; and
控制器，配置成可调节所述染料液晶光阀的工作电压，以调整耦出至佩戴者眼中的图像光与通过所述染料液晶光阀和所述光波导后的环境光的对比度。The controller is configured to adjust the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve to adjust the contrast between the image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and the ambient light passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve and the light waveguide.
根据本发明的一个方面，其中所述染料液晶光阀包括：覆盖第一PI配向膜的第一导电电极、覆盖第二PI配向膜的第二导电电极以及填充在所述第一PI配向膜和所述第二PI配向膜之间的染料液晶层。According to one aspect of the present invention, wherein the dye liquid crystal light valve includes: a first conductive electrode covering the first PI alignment film, a second conductive electrode covering the second PI alignment film, and filling the first PI alignment film and the The dye liquid crystal layer between the second PI alignment film.
根据本发明的一个方面，其中所述染料液晶层中的液晶在第一工作电压时呈垂直织构状态，在断电时呈平面织构状态。According to one aspect of the present invention, the liquid crystal in the dye liquid crystal layer is in a vertical texture state when the first operating voltage is applied, and is in a planar texture state when the power is turned off.
根据本发明的一个方面，其中所述染料液晶层包括：82％-90％的液晶、5％-15％的二色性染料以及1％-4％的手性剂。According to one aspect of the present invention, the dye liquid crystal layer includes: 82%-90% liquid crystal, 5%-15% dichroic dye and 1%-4% chiral agent.
根据本发明的一个方面，其中所述染料液晶层填充于液晶盒中，第一PI配向膜与所述第二导电PI配向膜的配向方向相互垂直。According to one aspect of the present invention, wherein the dye liquid crystal layer is filled in a liquid crystal cell, the alignment directions of the first PI alignment film and the second conductive PI alignment film are perpendicular to each other.
根据本发明的一个方面，其中所述染料液晶层中的液晶在第一工作电压时呈垂直织构状态，在断电时呈焦锥织构状态。According to one aspect of the present invention, the liquid crystal in the dye liquid crystal layer is in a vertically textured state when the first operating voltage is applied, and is in a focal conic textured state when the power is turned off.
根据本发明的一个方面，其中所述染料液晶层包括：82％-90％的液晶、5％-15％的二色性染料、1％-4％的手性剂、1％-5％的液晶单体以及2％-7％的光引发剂。According to one aspect of the present invention, wherein the dye liquid crystal layer includes: 82%-90% liquid crystal, 5%-15% dichroic dye, 1%-4% chiral agent, 1%-5% Liquid crystal monomer and 2%-7% photoinitiator.
根据本发明的一个方面，其中所述染料液晶层填充于液晶盒中，其中所述第一PI配向膜与所述第二PI配向膜的配向方向反向平行；所述染料液晶光阀由所述染料液晶层填充于所述液晶盒后假点固化形成。According to one aspect of the present invention, wherein the dye liquid crystal layer is filled in a liquid crystal cell, wherein the alignment direction of the first PI alignment film and the second PI alignment film are antiparallel; the dye liquid crystal light valve is formed by the After the dye liquid crystal layer is filled in the liquid crystal cell, the false point is solidified and formed.
根据本发明的一个方面，其中所述第一导电电极和所述第二导电电极为像素寻址电极，用于图形化驱动以改变所述环境光在所述染料液晶光阀上的通过区域。According to one aspect of the present invention, the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode are pixel addressing electrodes, which are used for pattern driving to change the passing area of the ambient light on the dye liquid crystal light valve.
根据本发明的一个方面，其中所述第一导电电极和所述第二导电电极为 像素寻址电极，所述控制器还配置成根据图像内容控制所述像素寻址电极的通断，以局部调整耦出至佩戴者眼中的图像光与通过所述染料液晶光阀和所述光波导后的环境光的对比度。According to an aspect of the present invention, wherein the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode are pixel address electrodes, the controller is further configured to control the on-off of the pixel address electrodes according to the image content to locally The contrast between the image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and the ambient light passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve and the light waveguide is adjusted.
根据本发明的一个方面，其中所述二色性染料为三原色的任一种或多种的组合。According to one aspect of the present invention, wherein the dichroic dye is any one or a combination of three primary colors.
根据本发明的一个方面，其中所述染料液晶光阀通过光学胶与所述光波导连接，所述染料液晶光阀与所述光波导之间设置空气层，所述光波导包括衍射光波导、体全息光波导、阵列光波导、自由曲面棱镜波导中的任一种。According to one aspect of the present invention, wherein the dye liquid crystal light valve is connected to the optical waveguide through optical glue, an air layer is set between the dye liquid crystal light valve and the optical waveguide, and the optical waveguide includes a diffractive optical waveguide, Any of volume holographic waveguide, array waveguide, and free-form surface prism waveguide.
根据本发明的一个方面，其中所述染料液晶光阀与所述光波导可拆卸连接。According to one aspect of the present invention, the dye liquid crystal light valve is detachably connected to the optical waveguide.
根据本发明的一个方面，近眼显示装置还包括：光机，所述光机配置成输出所述图像光，所述控制器耦接到所述光机，并配置成调节所述光机输出的图像光的亮度和对比度。According to an aspect of the present invention, the near-eye display device further includes: an optical machine configured to output the image light, and the controller is coupled to the optical machine and configured to adjust the output of the optical machine. The brightness and contrast of the image light.
根据本发明的一个方面，其中所述光机包括Microled光机、DLP光机、Lcos光机、MEMS光机中的任一种。According to one aspect of the present invention, the optical machine includes any one of Microled optical machine, DLP optical machine, Lcos optical machine, and MEMS optical machine.
根据本发明的一个方面，其中所述控制器还配置成控制所述染料液晶光阀通电或断电，使得所述近眼显示装置在AR模式和VR模式之间进行切换。According to an aspect of the present invention, the controller is further configured to control the dye liquid crystal light valve to be powered on or off, so that the near-eye display device switches between the AR mode and the VR mode.
根据本发明的一个方面，近眼显示装置还包括环境光传感器，用于感知所述环境光的亮度，所述控制器与所述环境光传感器相通讯，并配置成基于所述环境光的亮度，调节所述染料液晶光阀的工作电压。According to an aspect of the present invention, the near-eye display device further includes an ambient light sensor for sensing the brightness of the ambient light, and the controller communicates with the ambient light sensor and is configured to, based on the brightness of the ambient light, adjusting the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve.
根据本发明的一个方面，近眼显示装置还包括用户操作接口，所述用户操作接口配置成可接收关于图像光与环境光对比度的用户输入，所述控制器与所述用户操作接口耦接，并配置成根据所述用户输入调节所述染料液晶光阀的工作电压，以调整耦出至佩戴者眼中的图像光与通过所述染料液晶光阀和所述光波导后的环境光的对比度。According to an aspect of the present invention, the near-eye display device further includes a user operation interface configured to receive user input on the contrast between image light and ambient light, the controller is coupled to the user operation interface, and It is configured to adjust the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve according to the user input, so as to adjust the contrast between the image light coupled out to the eyes of the wearer and the ambient light passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve and the light waveguide.
本发明还涉及一种如上所述的近眼显示装置的对比度调节方法，包括：The present invention also relates to a method for adjusting the contrast of the near-eye display device as described above, including:
基于环境光的亮度和/或图像光的亮度，调节所述近眼显示装置的染料液晶光阀的工作电压，以调节耦出至佩戴者眼中的图像光与通过所述染料液晶 光阀和所述光波导后的环境光的对比度。Based on the brightness of the ambient light and/or the brightness of the image light, the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve of the near-eye display device is adjusted to adjust the coupling between the image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve and the Contrast of ambient light behind the light guide.
本发明设计染料液晶光阀搭配AR波导的近眼显示装置，可在较宽范围内调控环境光透过率，解决图像光叠加环境光对比度差的问题，由于染料液晶光阀中的二向色性染料存在各种颜色，还可以拓展显示装置的色域宽度，可以使得近眼显示装置像墨镜一样时尚且充满科技感。The present invention designs a near-eye display device with a dye liquid crystal light valve and an AR waveguide, which can regulate the ambient light transmittance in a wide range and solve the problem of poor contrast of image light superimposed on ambient light. Due to the dichroism in the dye liquid crystal light valve There are various colors of dyes, which can also expand the color gamut width of the display device, which can make the near-eye display device as fashionable and full of technological sense as sunglasses.
附图说明Description of drawings
构成本公开的一部分的附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的不当限定。在附图中：The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present disclosure are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present disclosure are used to explain the present disclosure, and do not constitute improper limitations to the present disclosure. In the attached picture:
图1示出了本发明一个实施例的近眼显示装置示意图；FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2示出了本发明又一个实施例的近眼显示装置的光路示意图；Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an optical path of a near-eye display device according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
图3示出了本发明一个实施例的染料液晶光阀示意图；Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a dye liquid crystal light valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4a示出了本发明一个实施例的第一种染料液晶光阀的两种状态对比示意图；Figure 4a shows a schematic diagram of the comparison of two states of the first dye liquid crystal light valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4b示出了第一种染料液晶光阀的工作电压VS环境光透射率曲线示意图；Figure 4b shows a schematic diagram of the operating voltage VS ambient light transmittance curve of the first dye liquid crystal light valve;
图4c示出了本发明一个实施例的使用第一种染料液晶光阀的近眼显示装置示意图；Fig. 4c shows a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device using the first dye liquid crystal light valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5a示出了本发明一个实施例的第二种染料液晶光阀的两种状态对比示意图；Figure 5a shows a schematic diagram of the comparison of two states of the second dye liquid crystal light valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5b示出了第二种染料液晶光阀的工作电压VS环境光透射率曲线示意图；Figure 5b shows a schematic diagram of the operating voltage VS ambient light transmittance curve of the second dye liquid crystal light valve;
图5c示出了本发明一个实施例的使用第二种染料液晶光阀的近眼显示装置示意图；Fig. 5c shows a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device using a second dye liquid crystal light valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图6示出了本发明一个实施例的像素化染料液晶光阀的近眼显示装置示意图；Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device of a pixelated dye liquid crystal light valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图7示出了本发明一个实施例的使用环境光传感器的近眼显示装置示意 图。Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device using an ambient light sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
在下文中，仅简单地描述了某些示例性实施例。正如本领域技术人员可认识到的那样，在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，可通过各种不同方式修改所描述的实施例。因此，附图和描述被认为本质上是示例性的而非限制性的。In the following, only some exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and descriptions are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语"中心"、"纵向"、"横向"、"长度"、"宽度"、"厚度"、"上"、"下"、"前"、"后"、"左"、"右"、"竖直"、"水平"、"顶"、"底"、"内"、"外"、"顺时针"、"逆时针"等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语"第一"、"第二"仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有"第一"、"第二"的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个所述特征。在本发明的描述中，"多个"的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。In describing the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " Back", "Left", "Right", "Vertical", "Horizontal", "Top", "Bottom", "Inner", "Outer", "Clockwise", "Counterclockwise", etc. or The positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, Therefore, it should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of said features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语"安装"、"相连"、"连接"应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接:可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以相互通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected: it can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected, or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction of two components relation. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之"上"或之"下"可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征"之上"、"上方"和"上面"包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征"之下"、"下方 "和"下面"包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "on" or "under" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include the first and second features Not in direct contact but through another characteristic contact between them. Moreover, "on", "above" and "above" the first feature on the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the level of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. "Below", "below" and "under" the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the level of the first feature is smaller than that of the second feature.
下文的公开提供了许多不同的实施方式或例子用来实现本发明的不同结构。为了简化本发明的公开，下文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。当然，它们仅仅为示例，并且目的不在于限制本发明。此外，本发明可以在不同例子中重复参考数字和/或参考字母，这种重复是为了简化和清楚的目的，其本身不指示所讨论各种实施方式和/或设置之间的关系。此外，本发明提供了的各种特定的工艺和材料的例子，但是本领域普通技术人员可以意识到其他工艺的应用和/或其他材料的使用。The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different structures of the present invention. To simplify the disclosure of the present invention, components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are only examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or reference letters in different instances, such repetition is for simplicity and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or arrangements discussed. In addition, various specific process and material examples are provided herein, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize the use of other processes and/or the use of other materials.
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described here are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
图1示出了本发明一个实施例的近眼显示装置示意图，近眼显示装置100包括光波导10、染料液晶光阀20和控制器30。具体地：FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The near-eye display device 100 includes an optical waveguide 10 , a dye liquid crystal light valve 20 and a controller 30 . specifically:
光波导10用于接收并传输图像光和环境光。光波导10包括波导基板11、耦入单元12和耦出单元13。其中，波导基板11作为传输图像光和环境光的媒介，其上设置有耦入单元12和耦出单元13。如图1所示，耦入单元12设置在波导基板11的耦入区域，用于将入射到其上的图像光耦入波导基板11。耦出单元13，设置在波导基板11的耦出区域，用于将入射到其上的图像光耦出至佩戴者的眼中。例如，近眼显示装置100还包括光机40，用于输出图像光。光波导10例如为衍射光波导，参考图2，图像光经过耦入单元12耦入至波导基板11中，然后经过多次全反射，入射到耦出单元13上，部分图像光衍射后从耦出单元13出射，部分图像光继续全反射，最终全部图像光耦出至佩戴者眼中。The optical waveguide 10 is used to receive and transmit image light and ambient light. The optical waveguide 10 includes a waveguide substrate 11 , an in-coupling unit 12 and an out-coupling unit 13 . Wherein, the waveguide substrate 11 is used as a medium for transmitting image light and ambient light, and an in-coupling unit 12 and an out-coupling unit 13 are arranged thereon. As shown in FIG. 1 , the coupling unit 12 is disposed in the coupling area of the waveguide substrate 11 for coupling image light incident thereon into the waveguide substrate 11 . The outcoupling unit 13 is arranged in the outcoupling area of the waveguide substrate 11 and is used for outcoupling the image light incident thereon to the eyes of the wearer. For example, the near-eye display device 100 further includes an optical engine 40 for outputting image light. The optical waveguide 10 is, for example, a diffractive optical waveguide. With reference to FIG. 2 , the image light is coupled into the waveguide substrate 11 through the in-coupling unit 12, and then is incident on the out-coupling unit 13 after multiple times of total reflection. The output unit 13 emits light, part of the image light continues to be totally reflected, and finally all the image light is coupled out to the eyes of the wearer.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，光波导10可以为衍射光波导、体全息光波导、阵列光波导、自由曲面棱镜波导中的任一种。上述光波导类型均为现有技术，此处不再赘述。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optical waveguide 10 can be any one of a diffractive optical waveguide, a volume holographic optical waveguide, an array optical waveguide, and a free-form surface prism waveguide. The aforementioned types of optical waveguides are all prior art, and will not be repeated here.
染料液晶光阀20，设置在光波导10上与佩戴者相对的一侧，用于将环境光透射到光波导10上，环境光的透射率与染料液晶光阀20的工作电压相 关。The dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is arranged on the side of the light waveguide 10 opposite to the wearer, and is used to transmit ambient light to the light waveguide 10 . The transmittance of ambient light is related to the working voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 .
液晶光阀是通过电压控制液晶分子的空间排布来改变光线透射率的装置。在液晶中溶解二色性染料可构成一种宾主关系,液晶为主(Host),二色性染料为宾(Guest)。在外电场作用下,染料分子随着液晶分子转动，通过对光线的吸收或反射实现光线透射率可调。其中，二色性染料具有光吸光度各向异性的性质,根据染料分子的吸收轴同分子轴的方位关系可把二向性染料分为正性二色性染料和负性二色性染料。当光线的E矢量与二向性染料的光轴垂直时,光线基本上通过；当光线的E矢量与二向性染料的光轴平行时,光线基本上被吸收。这一类染料为正性二色性染料。负性二色性染料则正好相反,根据正负性染料的特性,对光产生吸收或透过,从而改变液晶层的透射率。染料液晶光阀利用二色性染料对光选择性透过,无需偏振片,既可满足光阀的性能要求。A liquid crystal light valve is a device that changes the light transmittance by controlling the spatial arrangement of liquid crystal molecules through voltage. Dissolving the dichroic dye in the liquid crystal can form a guest-host relationship, the liquid crystal is the host (Host), and the dichroic dye is the guest (Guest). Under the action of an external electric field, the dye molecules rotate with the liquid crystal molecules, and the light transmittance can be adjusted by absorbing or reflecting light. Among them, dichroic dyes have the property of light absorbance anisotropy, and dichroic dyes can be divided into positive dichroic dyes and negative dichroic dyes according to the orientation relationship between the absorption axis of the dye molecule and the molecular axis. When the E vector of the light is perpendicular to the optical axis of the dichroic dye, the light basically passes through; when the E vector of the light is parallel to the optical axis of the dichroic dye, the light is basically absorbed. Such dyes are positive dichroic dyes. Negative dichroic dyes are just the opposite. According to the characteristics of positive and negative dyes, light is absorbed or transmitted, thereby changing the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer. Dye liquid crystal light valves use dichroic dyes to selectively transmit light without polarizers, which can meet the performance requirements of light valves.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，参考图3，染料液晶光阀20包括：覆盖第一PI配向膜24的第一导电电极21、覆盖第二PI配向膜25的第二导电电极22以及填充在第一PI配向膜24和第二PI配向膜25之间的染料液晶层23。结合图2，第一导电电极21和第二导电电极22优选为整片的面电极，例如为铟锡氧化物(Indium Tin Oxide，ITO)或者铟锌氧化物(Indium Zinc Oxide，IZO)等透明导电材料制成。在第一导电电极21的上表面覆盖有第一PI配向膜24和第二导电电极22的下表面均覆盖有第二PI配向膜25，第一PI配向膜24和第二PI配向膜25之间填充染料液晶层23。优选地，在第一导电电极21和第一PI配向膜24之间、以及第二导电电极22和第二PI配向膜25之间均设置绝缘层(图3未示出)。在制作染料液晶光阀20时，首先在透明导电玻璃表面旋涂聚酰亚胺(PI)；然后使用摩擦机对其表面进行定向摩擦，定向摩擦使得PI表面定向锚定能，并可以使液晶产生预倾角；接着将定向后的透明导电玻璃进行异形切割后贴合为液晶盒；最后将染料液晶混合物灌入液晶盒形成染料液晶光阀。其中，透明导电玻璃表面的PI定向方向分为两种，第一种为垂直，第二种为反向平行。此处仅为示例性说明，本发明并不对染料液晶光阀的制作方法进行限定。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, with reference to FIG. 3 , the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 includes: a first conductive electrode 21 covering a first PI alignment film 24, a second conductive electrode 22 covering a second PI alignment film 25, and filling in The dye liquid crystal layer 23 between the first PI alignment film 24 and the second PI alignment film 25 . In conjunction with Fig. 2, the first conductive electrode 21 and the second conductive electrode 22 are preferably integral surface electrodes, such as indium tin oxide (Indium Tin Oxide, ITO) or indium zinc oxide (Indium Zinc Oxide, IZO) and other transparent Made of conductive material. The upper surface of the first conductive electrode 21 is covered with the first PI alignment film 24 and the lower surface of the second conductive electrode 22 is covered with the second PI alignment film 25, between the first PI alignment film 24 and the second PI alignment film 25 The dye liquid crystal layer 23 is filled in between. Preferably, an insulating layer (not shown in FIG. 3 ) is provided between the first conductive electrode 21 and the first PI alignment film 24 and between the second conductive electrode 22 and the second PI alignment film 25 . When making the dye liquid crystal light valve 20, first spin-coat polyimide (PI) on the surface of transparent conductive glass; then use a rubbing machine to carry out directional rubbing on its surface, and directional rubbing makes the PI surface directional anchoring energy, and can make the liquid crystal Generate a pre-tilt angle; then cut the oriented transparent conductive glass into a special shape and then paste it into a liquid crystal cell; finally pour the dye liquid crystal mixture into the liquid crystal cell to form a dye liquid crystal light valve. Among them, the PI orientation direction of the transparent conductive glass surface is divided into two types, the first one is vertical, and the second one is antiparallel. The description here is only an example, and the present invention does not limit the manufacturing method of the dye liquid crystal light valve.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，其中染料液晶层23中的液晶在第一工作电压时呈垂直织构状态(homeotropictexture)，在断电时呈平面织构状态(planar texture)。图4a示出了本发明一个实施例的第一种染料液晶光阀的两种状态对比示意图，因为液晶分子是极性分子，由于分子间的作用力，当液晶分子集合在一起时，分子长轴总是相互平行或有一个择优方向。液晶分子长轴的平均趋向的单位矢量称为液晶的指向矢，指向矢一般由极角和方位角来确定，其描述了液晶分子在空间的排列方向，可以表征液晶的宏观结构和状态。在染料液晶光阀20上施加电压时，液晶分子从一种平衡状态达到另一种平衡状态。例如，向染料液晶光阀20施加第一工作电压时，染料液晶层23的状态为垂直织构状态；断开电压时，染料液晶层23的状态为平面织构状态。调节施加于染料液晶光阀20的工作电压，可调节染料液晶层23中的分子排列方式，参考图4b，随着工作电压的增大，环境光透射率增加，从而可以通过调节染料液晶光阀20的工作电压来调节环境光的透射率。结合图4b和图4c，当工作电压为0V时，染料液晶层23处于平面织构状态，染料液晶光阀20关断，环境光透射率约为21％；当工作电压为5V时，染料液晶层23处于垂直织构状态，环境光透射率约为90％；当工作电压为2.5V时，染料液晶层23处于中间状态，环境光透射率约为55％。亦即，工作电压在0V到5V之间调节时，可控制环境光透射率在21％-90％之间变化。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal in the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is in a homeotropic texture state (homeotropic texture) at the first operating voltage, and is in a planar texture state (planar texture) when the power is off. Figure 4a shows a schematic diagram of the comparison of the two states of the first dye liquid crystal light valve of an embodiment of the present invention, because the liquid crystal molecules are polar molecules, due to the force between molecules, when the liquid crystal molecules are assembled together, the molecular length The axes are always parallel to each other or have a preferred direction. The unit vector of the average tendency of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules is called the director of the liquid crystal. The director is generally determined by the polar angle and the azimuth angle, which describes the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in space and can characterize the macroscopic structure and state of the liquid crystal. When a voltage is applied to the dye liquid crystal light valve 20, the liquid crystal molecules go from one equilibrium state to another equilibrium state. For example, when the first operating voltage is applied to the dye liquid crystal light valve 20, the state of the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is a vertical texture state; when the voltage is turned off, the state of the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is a planar texture state. Adjusting the operating voltage applied to the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 can adjust the molecular arrangement in the dye liquid crystal layer 23. Referring to FIG. 20 working voltage to adjust the transmittance of ambient light. 4b and 4c, when the operating voltage is 0V, the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is in a planar texture state, the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is turned off, and the ambient light transmittance is about 21%; when the operating voltage is 5V, the dye liquid crystal layer The layer 23 is in a vertical texture state, and the ambient light transmittance is about 90%. When the operating voltage is 2.5V, the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is in an intermediate state, and the ambient light transmittance is about 55%. That is, when the operating voltage is adjusted between 0V and 5V, the ambient light transmittance can be controlled to vary between 21%-90%.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，第一种染料液晶层包括：82％-90％的液晶、5％-15％的二色性染料以及1％-4％的手性剂。具体地，在制作第一类染料液晶光阀时，将液晶(例如E7、SLC092315-200、SLC131330-000等)、手性剂(例如R6N，S811，R1011、CB15等)以及二向色性染料，按照一定比例进行混合，其中二向色性染料为棒状结构。其中，液晶占比82％-90％，二色性染料占比5％-15％，手性剂占比1％-4％，其中二色性染料的比例与最终染料液晶光阀的调光范围相关。将上述材料混合后形成染料液晶，将染料液晶通过毛吸作用灌入液晶盒形成第一类染料液晶光阀。此处仅为示例性说明，本发明并不对染料液晶光阀的制作方法进行限定。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first dye liquid crystal layer includes: 82%-90% liquid crystal, 5%-15% dichroic dye and 1%-4% chiral agent. Specifically, when making the first type of dye liquid crystal light valve, liquid crystals (such as E7, SLC092315-200, SLC131330-000, etc.), chiral agents (such as R6N, S811, R1011, CB15, etc.) and dichroic dyes , mixed according to a certain ratio, wherein the dichroic dye has a rod-like structure. Among them, liquid crystals account for 82%-90%, dichroic dyes account for 5%-15%, and chiral agents account for 1%-4%. The proportion of dichroic dyes is related to the dimming of the final dye liquid crystal light valve range dependent. The above materials are mixed to form a dye liquid crystal, and the dye liquid crystal is poured into the liquid crystal cell through capillary suction to form the first type of dye liquid crystal light valve. The description here is only an example, and the present invention does not limit the manufacturing method of the dye liquid crystal light valve.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，第一种染料液晶层填充于液晶盒中，第 一PI配向膜24与第二PI配向膜25的配向方向相互垂直。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first dye liquid crystal layer is filled in the liquid crystal cell, and the alignment directions of the first PI alignment film 24 and the second PI alignment film 25 are perpendicular to each other.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，其中染料液晶层23中的液晶在第一工作电压时呈垂直织构状态(homeotropictexture)，在断电时呈焦锥织构状态(focal conic texture)。图5a示出了本发明一个实施例的第二种染料液晶光阀的两种状态对比示意图，例如，向染料液晶光阀20施加第一工作电压时，染料液晶层23的状态为垂直织构状态；断开电压时，染料液晶层23的状态为焦锥织构状态。由此可见，调节施加于染料液晶光阀20的工作电压，可调节染料液晶层23中的分子排列方式，参考图5b，随着工作电压的增大，环境光透射率增加，从而可以通过调节染料液晶光阀20的工作电压来调节环境光的透射率。结合图5b和图5c，当工作电压为0V时，染料液晶层23处于焦锥织构状态，染料液晶光阀20关断，环境光透射率约为8％；当工作电压为8V时，染料液晶层23处于垂直织构状态，环境光透射率约为90％；当工作电压为4V时，染料液晶层23处于中间状态，环境光透射率约为50％。亦即，工作电压在0V到8V之间调节时，可控制环境光透射率在8％-90％之间变化。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal in the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is in a homeotropic texture state (homeotropic texture) at the first operating voltage, and is in a focal conic texture state (focal conic texture) when the power is off. Figure 5a shows a schematic diagram of the comparison of two states of the second dye liquid crystal light valve according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example, when the first operating voltage is applied to the dye liquid crystal light valve 20, the state of the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is a vertical texture State: when the voltage is turned off, the state of the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is a focal conic texture state. It can be seen that adjusting the operating voltage applied to the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 can adjust the molecular arrangement in the dye liquid crystal layer 23. Referring to FIG. The operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is used to adjust the transmittance of ambient light. 5b and 5c, when the operating voltage is 0V, the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is in the state of focal conic texture, the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is turned off, and the ambient light transmittance is about 8%; when the operating voltage is 8V, the dye The liquid crystal layer 23 is in a vertical texture state, and the ambient light transmittance is about 90%; when the operating voltage is 4V, the dye liquid crystal layer 23 is in an intermediate state, and the ambient light transmittance is about 50%. That is, when the operating voltage is adjusted between 0V and 8V, the ambient light transmittance can be controlled to vary between 8%-90%.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，第二种染料液晶层包括：82％-90％的液晶、5％-15％的二色性染料、1％-4％的手性剂、1％-5％的液晶单体以及2％-7％的光引发剂。具体地，在制作第二类染料液晶光阀时，将液晶(例如E7、SLC092315-200、SLC131330-000等)、手性剂(例如R6N，S811，R1011、CB15等)、二向色性染料、液晶单体(例如RM82、RM257、PFDA、2-EHA等)以及光引发剂(BME、Irgacure 184等)按照一定比例混合；这里液晶占比82％-90％，二色性染料占比5％-15％，手性剂占比1％-4％，液晶单体占比1％-5％，光引发剂占比2％-7％。将上述材料混合后形成染料液晶，将染料液晶通过毛吸作用灌入液晶盒形成第二类染料液晶光阀。此处仅为示例性说明，本发明并不对染料液晶光阀的制作方法进行限定。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second dye liquid crystal layer includes: 82%-90% liquid crystal, 5%-15% dichroic dye, 1%-4% chiral agent, 1%-5 % liquid crystal monomer and 2%-7% photoinitiator. Specifically, when making the second type of dye liquid crystal light valve, liquid crystals (such as E7, SLC092315-200, SLC131330-000, etc.), chiral agents (such as R6N, S811, R1011, CB15, etc.), dichroic dyes , liquid crystal monomers (such as RM82, RM257, PFDA, 2-EHA, etc.) %-15%, chiral agent accounts for 1%-4%, liquid crystal monomer accounts for 1%-5%, and photoinitiator accounts for 2%-7%. The above materials are mixed to form a dye liquid crystal, and the dye liquid crystal is poured into a liquid crystal cell through capillary suction to form a second type of dye liquid crystal light valve. The description here is only an example, and the present invention does not limit the manufacturing method of the dye liquid crystal light valve.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，第二种染料液晶层填充于液晶盒中，其中第一PI配向膜24与第二PI配向膜25的配向方向反向平行；染料液晶光 阀20由第二种染料液晶层填充于液晶盒后加电固化形成。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second dye liquid crystal layer is filled in the liquid crystal cell, wherein the alignment directions of the first PI alignment film 24 and the second PI alignment film 25 are antiparallel; the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is controlled by the second PI alignment film. The dye liquid crystal layer is filled in the liquid crystal cell and then cured with electricity.
以上通过两种不同组分比的染料液晶层23介绍了液晶状态以及染料液晶光阀20的环境光透射率。对于第一种染料液晶光阀，液晶在配向层锚定作用和手性剂扭曲作用的共同效果下形成平面织构状态，该状态液晶为螺旋结构，染料在宾主效应的作用下掺杂亦未螺旋结构对光有一定的吸收；在液晶盒两端加电，液晶在电场作用下，长轴平行电场，此时液晶为垂直织构状态，而染料跟随液晶筹取向，此状态染料和液晶长轴与液晶盒光轴平行，对光无吸收所以液晶盒为透明态。对于第二种染料液晶光阀，将液晶盒加电后使用紫外光对混合液晶中的液晶单体进行固化，固化结束后撤电，此时液晶受聚合物网格的锚定作用、手性作用、液晶配向锚定作用形成焦锥织构状态，液晶为散乱排布，染料已为散乱排布，此时染料对光有强烈吸收，且对光的吸收不依赖于偏振。两种染料液晶光阀均具有良好的环境光透射率，并且可调节的动态范围较大，可以有效解决现有的AR显示装置在明亮环境中对比度差的问题。The above describes the liquid crystal state and the ambient light transmittance of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 through two dye liquid crystal layers 23 with different composition ratios. For the first dye liquid crystal light valve, the liquid crystal forms a planar texture state under the joint effect of the anchoring effect of the alignment layer and the twisting effect of the chiral agent. The helical structure has a certain absorption of light; when electricity is applied to both ends of the liquid crystal cell, the long axis of the liquid crystal is parallel to the electric field under the action of the electric field. At this time, the liquid crystal is in a vertical texture state, and the dye follows the orientation of the liquid crystal chip. In this state, the dye and the liquid crystal grow The axis is parallel to the optical axis of the liquid crystal cell, and there is no absorption of light, so the liquid crystal cell is transparent. For the second dye liquid crystal light valve, after the liquid crystal cell is powered on, the liquid crystal monomer in the mixed liquid crystal is cured with ultraviolet light, and the power is removed after curing. At this time, the liquid crystal is anchored by the polymer grid, and the chirality Function, liquid crystal alignment and anchoring to form a focal conic texture state, the liquid crystals are scattered, and the dyes are already scattered. At this time, the dyes have a strong absorption of light, and the absorption of light does not depend on polarization. Both dye liquid crystal light valves have good ambient light transmittance and a large adjustable dynamic range, which can effectively solve the problem of poor contrast of existing AR display devices in bright environments.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，参考图2，染料液晶光阀20通过光学胶与所光波导10连接，染料液晶光阀20与光波导10之间设置空气层，避免染料液晶光阀20对光波导内部的图像光传输产生负面影响。优选地，在第一导电电极21和第二导电电极22之间设置光学胶，用以将正负电极隔离。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, with reference to Fig. 2, the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is connected with the optical waveguide 10 through optical glue, and an air layer is set between the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 and the optical waveguide 10 to prevent the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 from Image light transmission inside the optical waveguide is negatively affected. Preferably, optical glue is provided between the first conductive electrode 21 and the second conductive electrode 22 to isolate the positive and negative electrodes.
控制器30，配置成可调节染料液晶光阀20的工作电压，以调整耦出至佩戴者眼中的图像光与通过染料液晶光阀20和光波导10后的环境光的对比度。结合图1-3，控制器30与染料液晶光阀20的第一导电电极21以及第二导电电极22连接，用于调节施加于染料液晶光阀20的工作电压，进而改变环境光透射率。The controller 30 is configured to adjust the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 to adjust the contrast between the image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and the ambient light passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 and the optical waveguide 10 . 1-3, the controller 30 is connected to the first conductive electrode 21 and the second conductive electrode 22 of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20, and is used to adjust the working voltage applied to the dye liquid crystal light valve 20, thereby changing the ambient light transmittance.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，近眼显示装置100还包括：光机40，配置成输出图像光，参考图1，控制器30耦接到光机40，并配置成调节光机40输出的图像光的亮度和对比度。配合染料液晶光阀20对环境光透光率的调节，可以解决图像光叠加环境光对比度差的问题。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the near-eye display device 100 further includes: an optical machine 40 configured to output image light. Referring to FIG. 1 , the controller 30 is coupled to the optical machine 40 and configured to adjust the image output by the optical machine 40 Brightness and contrast of light. Cooperating with the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 to adjust the light transmittance of the ambient light, the problem of poor contrast of the image light superimposed on the ambient light can be solved.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，其中光机40包括Microled光机、DLP 光机、Lcos光机、MEMS光机中的任一种。上述光机类型均为现有技术，此处不再赘述。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optical machine 40 includes any one of Microled optical machine, DLP optical machine, Lcos optical machine, and MEMS optical machine. The types of optomechanics mentioned above are all prior art, and will not be repeated here.
综上所述，本发明使用光波导10作为图像显示窗口，光机40发出的图像光投射至光波导10的耦入单元12，在波导基板11内传输至耦出单元13后耦出进入佩戴者眼中，环境光通过染料液晶光阀20和光波导10透射后进入佩戴者眼中，图像光与环境光叠加后达到虚拟和现实混合的效果。当环境光较亮时，采用本发明的技术方案，调节图像光与环境光的对比度，有效解决现有技术中图像光直接叠加环境光后对比度差的问题。In summary, the present invention uses the optical waveguide 10 as the image display window, and the image light emitted by the optical machine 40 is projected to the coupling unit 12 of the optical waveguide 10, and is transmitted to the coupling unit 13 in the waveguide substrate 11, and then coupled out into the wearable In the wearer's eyes, the ambient light enters the wearer's eyes after being transmitted through the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 and the optical waveguide 10, and the image light and the ambient light are superimposed to achieve the effect of mixing virtual reality and reality. When the ambient light is bright, the technical solution of the present invention is used to adjust the contrast between the image light and the ambient light, effectively solving the problem of poor contrast in the prior art when the image light is directly superimposed on the ambient light.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，染料液晶光阀20的第一导电电极21和第二导电电极22为像素寻址电极，用于图形化驱动以改变环境光在染料液晶光阀上的通过区域。参考图6，染料液晶光阀20的导电电极采用像素寻址电极，即电极可像素化驱动。染料液晶光阀20由于驱动电极为像素寻址电极，可以进行图形化驱动。例如，光波导10显示的图像内容为数字“9”，控制器30根据图像内容对需要驱动的像素电极加电后，染料液晶光阀20的对应图像“9”的区域出现图形化分布。控制器30对该区域的电极施加工作电压，并且工作电压可调节，对其它区域断电，从而精准控制环境光和图像光的对比度。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first conductive electrode 21 and the second conductive electrode 22 of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 are pixel addressing electrodes, which are used for patterned driving to change the passing area of ambient light on the dye liquid crystal light valve . Referring to FIG. 6 , the conductive electrodes of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 use pixel addressing electrodes, that is, the electrodes can be driven pixelated. The dye liquid crystal light valve 20 can be driven in a pattern because the driving electrode is a pixel addressing electrode. For example, the content of the image displayed by the optical waveguide 10 is the number "9", and after the controller 30 powers on the pixel electrodes to be driven according to the content of the image, the area corresponding to the image "9" of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 appears a graphical distribution. The controller 30 applies a working voltage to the electrodes in this region, and the working voltage can be adjusted, and the other regions are powered off, so as to accurately control the contrast between the ambient light and the image light.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，染料液晶光阀20中的第一导电电极21和第二导电电极22为像素寻址电极，控制器30还配置成根据图像内容控制像素寻址电极的通断，以局部调整耦出至佩戴者眼中的图像光与通过染料液晶光阀和光波导后的环境光的对比度。采用像素化液晶光阀，对于未显示内容的区域，不需要环境光透过，而对于光波导显示内容的区域，可以通过像素化驱动液晶光阀，使得光波导显示内容对比度局部可调。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first conductive electrode 21 and the second conductive electrode 22 in the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 are pixel addressing electrodes, and the controller 30 is also configured to control the on-off of the pixel addressing electrodes according to the image content , to locally adjust the contrast between the image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and the ambient light passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve and the light waveguide. With pixelated liquid crystal light valves, ambient light does not need to pass through the areas where the content is not displayed, and for areas where the optical waveguide displays content, the liquid crystal light valve can be driven by pixelation, so that the contrast of the optical waveguide display content can be locally adjusted.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，染料液晶光阀20中的二色性染料为三原色的任一种或多种的组合。例如，二色性染料的颜色为红色、绿色或蓝色三元色的其中一种，或者多种进行组合以拓展色域，使得近眼显示装置100像墨镜一样充满时尚感，并且充满科技感。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dichroic dye in the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is any one or a combination of multiple primary colors. For example, the color of the dichroic dye is one of the three primary colors of red, green or blue, or a combination of multiple colors to expand the color gamut, making the near-eye display device 100 full of fashion and technology like sunglasses.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，染料液晶光阀20与光波导10可拆卸连 接。例如，在光照度较低的环境中佩戴近眼显示装置100时，可以将用于控制环境光透射率的染料液晶光阀20拆掉，以使得环境光最大限度的通过光波导10后进入佩戴者眼中。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is detachably connected with the optical waveguide 10. For example, when the near-eye display device 100 is worn in an environment with low illumination, the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 used to control the transmittance of ambient light can be removed, so that the ambient light can pass through the optical waveguide 10 to the maximum and then enter the wearer's eyes. .
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，控制器30还配置成控制染料液晶光阀20通电或断电，使得近眼显示装置100在AR模式和VR模式之间进行切换。例如，参考图5b，对第二种染料液晶光阀施加8V电压时，环境光透射率约为90％，佩戴者可以看到环境光和环境实景，也可以看到图像光形成的虚拟图像，此时近眼显示装置为AR模式；对第二种染料液晶光阀断电时，环境光透射率约为8％，佩戴者几乎看不到环境光和环境实景，但可以看到图像光形成的虚拟图像，此时近眼显示装置为VR模式。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the controller 30 is further configured to control the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 to be powered on or off, so that the near-eye display device 100 switches between the AR mode and the VR mode. For example, referring to Figure 5b, when a voltage of 8V is applied to the second dye liquid crystal light valve, the ambient light transmittance is about 90%, and the wearer can see the ambient light and the real scene of the environment, and can also see the virtual image formed by the image light. At this time, the near-eye display device is in AR mode; when the second dye liquid crystal light valve is powered off, the ambient light transmittance is about 8%, and the wearer can hardly see the ambient light and the real scene of the environment, but can see the image formed by the light Virtual image, at this time, the near-eye display device is in VR mode.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，近眼显示装置100还包括环境光传感器50，用于感知所环境光的亮度，控制器30与环境光传感器50相通讯，并配置成基于环境光的亮度，调节染料液晶光阀20的工作电压。参考图7，通过环境光传感器采集外界环境光线亮度，反馈给控制器30，控制器30可动态调节染料液晶光阀20的环境光透射率，进而改变进入佩戴者眼中的环境光亮度，减轻眼部疲劳，并且无需佩戴者手动调节，提升用户体验。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the near-eye display device 100 further includes an ambient light sensor 50 for sensing the brightness of the ambient light, the controller 30 communicates with the ambient light sensor 50, and is configured to adjust the brightness based on the ambient light The operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20. Referring to Fig. 7, the ambient light brightness is collected by the ambient light sensor and fed back to the controller 30. The controller 30 can dynamically adjust the ambient light transmittance of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20, thereby changing the brightness of the ambient light entering the wearer's eyes, reducing eye strain. It reduces facial fatigue and does not require manual adjustment by the wearer, improving user experience.
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，近眼显示装置100还包括用户操作接口，用户操作接口配置成可接收关于图像光与环境光对比度的用户输入，控制器30与用户操作接口耦接，并配置成根据用户输入调节染料液晶光阀20的工作电压，以调整耦出至佩戴者眼中的图像光与通过染料液晶光阀20和光波导10后的环境光的对比度。例如，近眼显示装置100可以基于环境光传感器50自动调整环境光透射率，也可以接收佩戴者的指令，从自动模式切换至手动模式，从而满足不同佩戴者的需求，提升用户体验。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the near-eye display device 100 further includes a user operation interface configured to receive user input on the contrast between image light and ambient light, and the controller 30 is coupled to the user operation interface and configured to The operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 is adjusted according to user input to adjust the contrast between the image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and the ambient light passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 and the optical waveguide 10 . For example, the near-eye display device 100 can automatically adjust the ambient light transmittance based on the ambient light sensor 50 , and can also switch from the automatic mode to the manual mode by receiving instructions from the wearer, so as to meet the needs of different wearers and improve user experience.
本发明还涉及一种如上所述的近眼显示装置100的对比度调节方法，包括：The present invention also relates to a method for adjusting the contrast of the near-eye display device 100 as described above, including:
基于环境光的亮度和/或图像光的亮度，调节近眼显示装置100的染料液晶光阀20的工作电压，以调节耦出至佩戴者眼中的图像光与通过染料液晶光阀20和光波导10后的环境光的对比度。Based on the brightness of the ambient light and/or the brightness of the image light, the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 of the near-eye display device 100 is adjusted to adjust the amount of image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and after passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve 20 and the optical waveguide 10. The contrast of the ambient light.
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Finally, it should be noted that: the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still The technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some technical features thereof may be equivalently replaced. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (19)

  1. 一种近眼显示装置，包括：A near-eye display device, comprising:
    光波导，用于接收并传输图像光和环境光，所述光波导包括：The optical waveguide is used to receive and transmit image light and ambient light, and the optical waveguide includes:
    波导基板；waveguide substrate;
    耦入单元，设置在所述波导基板的耦入区域上，用于将入射到其上的图像光耦入所述波导基板；和an in-coupling unit disposed on the in-coupling region of the waveguide substrate for coupling image light incident thereon into the waveguide substrate; and
    耦出单元，设置在所述波导基板的耦出区域上，用于将入射到其上的图像光耦出至佩戴者的眼中；The outcoupling unit is arranged on the outcoupling area of the waveguide substrate, and is used for outcoupling the image light incident thereon to the eyes of the wearer;
    染料液晶光阀，设置在所述光波导上与佩戴者相对的一侧，用于将环境光透射到所述光波导上，环境光的透射率与所述染料液晶光阀的工作电压相关；和The dye liquid crystal light valve is arranged on the side of the light waveguide opposite to the wearer, and is used to transmit ambient light to the light waveguide, and the transmittance of ambient light is related to the working voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve; and
    控制器，配置成可调节所述染料液晶光阀的工作电压，以调整耦出至佩戴者眼中的图像光与通过所述染料液晶光阀和所述光波导后的环境光的对比度。The controller is configured to adjust the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve to adjust the contrast between the image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and the ambient light passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve and the light waveguide.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的近眼显示装置，其中所述染料液晶光阀包括：覆盖第一PI配向膜的第一导电电极、覆盖第二PI配向膜的第二导电电极以及填充在所述第一PI配向膜和所述第二PI配向膜之间的染料液晶层。The near-eye display device according to claim 1, wherein the dye liquid crystal light valve comprises: a first conductive electrode covering the first PI alignment film, a second conductive electrode covering the second PI alignment film, and filling in the first PI alignment film. The dye liquid crystal layer between the PI alignment film and the second PI alignment film.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的近眼显示装置，其中所述染料液晶层中的液晶在第一工作电压时呈垂直织构状态，在断电时呈平面织构状态。The near-eye display device according to claim 2, wherein the liquid crystal in the dye liquid crystal layer is in a state of vertical texture when the first operating voltage is applied, and is in a state of planar texture when the power is off.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的近眼显示装置，其中所述染料液晶层包括：82％-90％的液晶、5％-15％的二色性染料以及1％-4％的手性剂。The near-eye display device according to claim 3, wherein the dye liquid crystal layer comprises: 82%-90% liquid crystal, 5%-15% dichroic dye and 1%-4% chiral agent.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的近眼显示装置，其中所述染料液晶层填充于液晶盒中，所述第一PI配向膜与所述第二PI配向膜的配向方向相互垂直。The near-eye display device according to claim 4, wherein the dye liquid crystal layer is filled in a liquid crystal cell, and the alignment directions of the first PI alignment film and the second PI alignment film are perpendicular to each other.
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的近眼显示装置，其中所述染料液晶层中的液晶在第 一工作电压时呈垂直织构状态，在断电时呈焦锥织构状态。The near-eye display device according to claim 2, wherein the liquid crystal in the dye liquid crystal layer is in a vertical texture state at the first operating voltage, and is in a focal conic texture state when the power is off.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的近眼显示装置，其中所述染料液晶层包括：82％-90％的液晶、5％-15％的二色性染料、1％-4％的手性剂、1％-5％的液晶单体以及2％-7％的光引发剂。The near-eye display device according to claim 6, wherein the dye liquid crystal layer comprises: 82%-90% liquid crystal, 5%-15% dichroic dye, 1%-4% chiral agent, 1% -5% liquid crystal monomer and 2%-7% photoinitiator.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的近眼显示装置，其中所述染料液晶层填充于液晶盒中，其中所述第一PI配向膜与所述第二PI配向膜的配向方向反向平行；所述染料液晶光阀由所述染料液晶层填充于所述液晶盒后加电固化形成。The near-eye display device according to claim 7, wherein the dye liquid crystal layer is filled in a liquid crystal cell, wherein the alignment directions of the first PI alignment film and the second PI alignment film are antiparallel; the dye liquid crystal The light valve is formed by filling the liquid crystal cell with the dye liquid crystal layer and curing with electricity.
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的近眼显示装置，其中所述第一导电电极和所述第二导电电极为像素寻址电极，用于图形化驱动以改变所述环境光在所述染料液晶光阀上的通过区域。The near-eye display device according to claim 2, wherein the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode are pixel addressing electrodes for patterned driving to change the ambient light on the dye liquid crystal light valve through the area.
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的近眼显示装置，其中所述第一导电电极和所述第二导电电极为像素寻址电极，所述控制器还配置成根据图像内容控制所述像素寻址电极的通断，以局部调整耦出至佩戴者眼中的图像光与通过所述染料液晶光阀和所述光波导后的环境光的对比度。The near-eye display device according to claim 2, wherein the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode are pixel addressing electrodes, and the controller is further configured to control the switching of the pixel addressing electrodes according to the image content. to locally adjust the contrast between the image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and the ambient light passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve and the light waveguide.
  11. 根据权利要求4或7所述的近眼显示装置，其中所述二色性染料为三原色的任一种或多种的组合。The near-eye display device according to claim 4 or 7, wherein the dichroic dye is any one or a combination of three primary colors.
  12. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的近眼显示装置，其中所述染料液晶光阀通过光学胶与所述光波导连接，所述染料液晶光阀与所述光波导之间设置空气层，所述光波导包括衍射光波导、体全息光波导、阵列光波导、自由曲面棱镜波导中的任一种。The near-eye display device according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein the dye liquid crystal light valve is connected to the optical waveguide through optical glue, and an air layer is set between the dye liquid crystal light valve and the optical waveguide , the optical waveguide includes any one of a diffractive optical waveguide, a volume holographic optical waveguide, an array optical waveguide, and a free-form surface prism waveguide.
  13. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的近眼显示装置，其中所述染料液晶光阀与所述光波导可拆卸连接。The near-eye display device according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein the dye liquid crystal light valve is detachably connected to the optical waveguide.
  14. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的近眼显示装置，还包括：光机，所述光机配置成输出所述图像光，所述控制器耦接到所述光机，并配置成调节所述光机输出的图像光的亮度和对比度。The near-eye display device according to any one of claims 1-10, further comprising: an optical machine configured to output the image light, the controller is coupled to the optical machine and configured to The brightness and contrast of the image light output by the light machine are adjusted.
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的近眼显示装置，其中所述光机包括Microled光机、DLP光机、Lcos光机、MEMS光机中的任一种。The near-eye display device according to claim 14, wherein the optical machine comprises any one of Microled optical machine, DLP optical machine, Lcos optical machine, and MEMS optical machine.
  16. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的近眼显示装置，其中所述控制器还配置成控制所述染料液晶光阀通电或断电，使得所述近眼显示装置在AR模式和VR模式之间进行切换。The near-eye display device according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein the controller is further configured to control the dye liquid crystal light valve to be powered on or off, so that the near-eye display device operates between the AR mode and the VR mode. to switch between.
  17. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的近眼显示装置，还包括环境光传感器，用于感知所述环境光的亮度，所述控制器与所述环境光传感器相通讯，并配置成基于所述环境光的亮度，调节所述染料液晶光阀的工作电压。The near-eye display device according to any one of claims 1-10, further comprising an ambient light sensor for sensing the brightness of the ambient light, the controller communicates with the ambient light sensor, and is configured to The brightness of the ambient light adjusts the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve.
  18. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的近眼显示装置，还包括用户操作接口，所述用户操作接口配置成可接收关于图像光与环境光对比度的用户输入，所述控制器与所述用户操作接口耦接，并配置成根据所述用户输入调节所述染料液晶光阀的工作电压，以调整耦出至佩戴者眼中的图像光与通过所述染料液晶光阀和所述光波导后的环境光的对比度。The near-eye display device according to any one of claims 1-10, further comprising a user operation interface configured to receive user input on the contrast between image light and ambient light, the controller communicates with the The user operation interface is coupled and configured to adjust the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve according to the user input, so as to adjust the image light coupled out to the eyes of the wearer and the light after passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve and the light waveguide. The contrast of the ambient light.
  19. 一种如权利要求1-18中任一项所述的近眼显示装置的对比度调节方法，包括：A method for adjusting the contrast of the near-eye display device according to any one of claims 1-18, comprising:
    基于环境光的亮度和/或图像光的亮度，调节所述近眼显示装置的染料液晶光阀的工作电压，以调节耦出至佩戴者眼中的图像光与通过所述染料液晶光阀和所述光波导后的环境光的对比度。Based on the brightness of the ambient light and/or the brightness of the image light, the operating voltage of the dye liquid crystal light valve of the near-eye display device is adjusted to adjust the coupling between the image light coupled out to the wearer's eyes and passing through the dye liquid crystal light valve and the Contrast of ambient light behind the light guide.
PCT/CN2022/128556 2021-12-24 2022-10-31 Near-eye display apparatus, and contrast adjustment method for near-eye display apparatus WO2023116202A1 (en)

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