WO2023115906A1

WO2023115906A1 - Video playing method and related device

Info

Publication number: WO2023115906A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/103770
Authority: WO
Inventors: 陈戈; 唐宏; 梁洁; 叶何亮; 庄一嵘; 尹之帆; 余媛; 陈麒
Original assignee: 中国电信股份有限公司
Priority date: 2021-12-22
Filing date: 2022-07-05
Publication date: 2023-06-29
Also published as: CN114363715A

Abstract

The embodiments of the present disclosure belong to the technical field of communications. Provided are a video playing method and a related device. The method is executed by a fast channel change (FCC) scheduling server. The method comprises: receiving a first FCC request message, which is sent by a user equipment, wherein the first FCC request message comprises a channel identity of a target channel; in response to the first FCC request message, generating an FCC parameter, wherein the FCC parameter comprises a target FCC server identity; and returning the FCC parameter to the user equipment, wherein the user equipment is used for sending a second FCC request message to a target FCC server corresponding to the target FCC server identity, the second FCC request message comprising the FCC parameter, and the user equipment is used for requesting, according to the FCC parameter, to join a multicast group of the target channel, so as to receive a multicast video stream of the target channel from a video multicast source server, wherein the target FCC server is used for sending a unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameter.

Description

Video playback method and related equipment

Cross References to Related Applications

This application is based on the application with CN application number 202111583326.8 and the application date is December 22, 2021, and claims its priority. The disclosure content of this CN application is hereby incorporated into this application as a whole.

technical field

The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a video playing method, a Fast Channel Change (FCC) scheduling server, user equipment, a target FCC server, and a computer-readable storage medium.

Background technique

IPTV (Internet Protocol Television, Internet Protocol Television, also known as Interactive Network Television) widely uses multicast to carry live video services. Since the multicast stream (also called multicast video stream) received by the client may not be an I frame (intra-frame coded frame, I frame represents a key frame, only the data of this frame can be completed when decoding), but B frame (bidirectional predictive interpolation coded frame) or P frame (forward predictive coded frame), the client needs to wait for the I frame to decode, so the multicast switching delay is long (for example, more than 2 seconds), resulting in A black screen may appear when the user performs a channel switch. Therefore, the FCC scheme has appeared, adding an FCC server to cache the multicast stream for the last few seconds, and then sending I frames from the beginning in unicast form, so that the client does not need a black screen.

Contents of the invention

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a video playing method, the method is executed by a fast channel switching FCC scheduling server, and the method includes: receiving a first FCC request message sent by a user equipment, and the first FCC request message includes the target channel channel identification; responding to the first FCC request message, generating FCC parameters, the FCC parameters including target FCC server identification; and returning the FCC parameters to the user equipment; the user equipment is used to send the target FCC The server identifies the corresponding target FCC server and sends a second FCC request message, the second FCC request message includes the FCC parameters; and requests to join the multicast group of the target channel according to the FCC parameters, so as to receive video multicast from the video multicast source The server receives the multicast video stream of the target channel; the target FCC server is configured to send the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameters.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a video playing method, the method is executed by a user equipment, and the method includes: sending a first FCC request message to a fast channel switching FCC scheduling server, where the first FCC request message includes the channel of the target channel identification, the FCC scheduling server is used to respond to the first FCC request message, generate FCC parameters, the FCC parameters include target FCC server identification; receive the FCC parameters returned by the FCC scheduling server; send the target FCC The target FCC server corresponding to the server identifier sends a second FCC request message, the second FCC request message includes the FCC parameter; receives the unicast video stream of the target channel sent by the target FCC server according to the FCC parameter; and requesting to join the multicast group of the target channel according to the FCC parameters, so as to receive the multicast video stream of the target channel from the video multicast source server.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a video playback method, the method is executed by a target fast channel switching FCC server, and the method includes: receiving a second FCC request message sent by a user equipment, the second FCC request message including FCC parameters, The FCC parameters include a target FCC server identifier of the target FCC server; and sending a unicast video stream of a target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameters.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a fast channel switching FCC scheduling server, including: a first receiving unit, configured to receive a first FCC request message sent by a user equipment, where the first FCC request message includes a channel identifier of a target channel; a generating unit , used to respond to the first FCC request message to generate FCC parameters, where the FCC parameters include a target FCC server identifier; and a first sending unit, used to return the FCC parameters to the user equipment; the user equipment It is used to send a second FCC request message to the target FCC server corresponding to the target FCC server identifier, the second FCC request message includes the FCC parameter; and request to join the multicast group of the target channel according to the FCC parameter , to receive the multicast video stream of the target channel from the video multicast source server; the target FCC server is configured to send the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameters.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a user equipment, including: a second sending unit, configured to send a first FCC request message to a fast channel switching FCC scheduling server, where the first FCC request message includes a channel identifier of a target channel, and the FCC The scheduling server is configured to respond to the first FCC request message and generate FCC parameters, the FCC parameters include a target FCC server identifier; the second receiving unit is configured to receive the FCC parameters returned by the FCC scheduling server; the first The second sending unit is also used to send a second FCC request message to the target FCC server corresponding to the target FCC server identifier, the second FCC request message includes the FCC parameters; the second receiving unit is also used to receive the the unicast video stream of the target channel sent by the target FCC server according to the FCC parameters; The broadcast source server receives the multicast video stream of the target channel.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a target fast channel switching FCC server, including: a third receiving unit, configured to receive a second FCC request message sent by a user equipment, where the second FCC request message includes an FCC parameter, and the FCC parameter includes A target FCC server identifier of the target FCC server; and a third sending unit, configured to send a unicast video stream of a target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameters.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an IPTV system, including: the fast channel switching FCC scheduling server as described in the embodiment of the present disclosure; and the target fast channel switching FCC server as described in the embodiment of the present disclosure.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, where the electronic device includes at least one processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is used for information exchange between the electronic device and other communication devices, and when the program instructions are executed in the at least one processor, the method in any possible implementation manner in the embodiments of the present disclosure is implemented.

In some embodiments, the electronic device may also include memory. Memory is used to store programs and data.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium on which is stored a computer program for execution by an electronic device. When the program is executed by the electronic device, the method in any possible implementation manner of the embodiments of the present disclosure is implemented. .

For example, the computer-readable storage medium may store a computer program executed by the FCC scheduling server for fast channel switching. method of operation.

For example, the computer-readable storage medium may store a computer program for execution by the user equipment. When the program is executed by a processor, operations of the method as executed by the user equipment in the embodiments of the present disclosure are implemented.

For example, the computer-readable storage medium may store a computer program for execution by the target fast channel switching FCC server. method of operation.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer program product comprising instructions. When the computer program product is run on the electronic device, the electronic device is made to execute the operations of the methods in the various aspects of the present disclosure or any possible implementation manners of the various aspects of the present disclosure.

For example, when the computer program product is executed on the FCC dispatching server, the FCC dispatching server is enabled to execute the operations of the methods in any possible implementation manners in the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

For example, when the computer program product is executed on the user equipment, the user equipment is made to perform the operations of the methods in any possible implementation manners in the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

For example, when the computer program product is executed on the target FCC server, the target FCC server is made to execute the operations of the methods in any possible implementation manners in the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a system chip, the system chip includes an input and output interface and at least one processor, and the at least one processor is used to call instructions in the memory to perform any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations. method of operation.

In some embodiments, the system chip may further include at least one memory and a bus, and the at least one memory is used to store instructions executed by the processor.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 schematically shows a schematic diagram of the IPTV FCC scheme adopted in the related art.

Fig. 2 schematically shows a flowchart of a video playing method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 schematically shows a schematic diagram of an FCC scheme according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 schematically shows a schematic diagram of functional modules of a multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 5 schematically shows a schematic diagram of an FCC server according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 6 schematically shows a flow chart of new incoming channel FCC traffic according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 7 schematically shows a flowchart of a video playing method according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 8 schematically shows a flowchart of a video playing method according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 9 schematically shows a schematic block diagram of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Detailed ways

Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art.

In the description of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, "/" means "or", for example, A/B may mean A or B. The "and/or" in this article is just an association relationship describing associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone These three situations. In addition, "at least one" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. Words such as "first" and "second" do not limit the number and order of execution, and words such as "first" and "second" do not necessarily limit the difference.

As shown in Figure 1, because the FCC solution in the related technology uses RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol, real-time streaming protocol), it needs to establish a long connection, which is time-consuming, so it takes a long time to establish a connection, so it can only use a fixed configuration FCC parameters. For example, the fixedly configured FCC parameters specify the multicast FCC server, and the multicast client (also referred to as the live broadcast client) can only use the pre-configured FCC parameters to send the specified multicast FCC server (also referred to as the FCC server for short). ) initiates an FCC request based on the RTSP protocol. If the designated FCC server fails, the service will be interrupted; or the designated FCC server is overloaded, which will also lead to poor user experience.

Meanwhile, in the scheme shown in FIG. 1 , the channel FCC and the multicast need to be bound in advance. Only fixed FCC parameters can be used to realize the synchronization between the unicast stream received from the FCC server and the multicast stream received from the video multicast source server, and the synchronization is complex and inflexible.

For example, in the FCC scheme shown in Figure 1, before the video client (i.e., the multicast client installed on the user equipment) newly enters or switches the multicast channel, according to the FCC parameters fixedly configured in advance by the video client (issued when the set-top box is powered on), ), initiate an RTSP FCC request to the FCC server, and join the multicast group of the target channel to receive the multicast stream of the target channel at the same time; the FCC server sends the FCC unicast stream according to the specified rate. The FCC client (that is, the multicast client) synchronizes the sequence number of the RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol, Real-time Transport Protocol) message of the received FCC unicast stream and the sequence number of the RTP message of the received multicast stream . When the sequence numbers of the two RTP packets are synchronized, the FCC client ends the connection with the FCC server, and only receives the multicast stream of the target channel.

It can be seen that, because the solution in the related art uses a fixed configuration, it is difficult to meet the requirements of different terminals and different networks for the FCC. At the same time, the synchronization method of the solution in the related art also relies on a specified video stream (such as RTP), and there are intercommunication and performance problems in existing network applications.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a video playing method, a fast channel switching FCC scheduling server, user equipment, a target fast channel switching FCC server and a computer-readable storage medium, which can at least partially solve the technical problems in the above-mentioned related technologies.

The method provided in the embodiment of FIG. 2 may be executed by the fast channel switching FCC scheduling server, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. The FCC scheduling server can be a single independent server, a server cluster, or a cloud server. The FCC scheduling server and the FCC server may also be located in the same physical server, which is not limited in the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may include the following steps.

In step S210, a first FCC request message sent by the user equipment is received, and the first FCC request message includes a channel ID (channel ID (identity, identification)) of the target channel.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target channel is the channel selected by the user to be switched to, for example, the channel selected by the user by operating the remote control, which may be any one of the selectable channels.

In some embodiments, the first FCC request message is transmitted based on the QUIC transport layer protocol.

In some embodiments, receiving the first FCC request message sent by the user equipment may include: receiving the first FCC request message sent by the user equipment based on the hypertext transfer protocol HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) 3.0 application layer protocol, the The first FCC request message may include an HTTP message header and the first FCC request message.

HTTP3.0 using UDP (User Datagram Protocol, User Datagram Protocol), also known as HTTP Over QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connection, fast UDP network connection), which abandons TCP (Transmission Control Protocol, Transmission Control Protocol), changed to It is implemented using the UDP-based QUIC protocol. Due to its low-latency characteristics, HTTP3.0 has the ability to be applied on a large scale on the Internet.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose a method for scheduling using HTTP3.0's ALT-SVC (alternative-Service, which can be abbreviated as ALT-SVC, which can also be referred to as an alternative service or an alternative service), and defines a new synchronization method. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The solution provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable to any service protocol capable of quickly establishing a connection and having low-latency characteristics, or may be a self-defined protocol, which is not limited in the present disclosure. In the following embodiments, all use HTTP3.0 as an example for illustration. At this time, the FCC scheduling server can also be called a multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server (as shown in FIG. 3 ).

In step S220, FCC parameters are generated in response to the first FCC request message, and the FCC parameters include a target FCC server identifier.

In some embodiments, the FCC parameters may also include the multicast address of the target channel, the purpose display time label PTS (Presentation Time Stamp, used to indicate the time when the display unit appears in the system target decoder, and specify a certain value for the decoder. The display time of the unit) and at least one of the target synchronization code (Synchronization Code).

In some embodiments, the HTTP packet header may include user equipment type information.

In some embodiments, the FCC parameter may also include a target PTS. In these embodiments, in response to the first FCC request message, generating the FCC parameters may include: determining an advance play time according to the user equipment type information; determining the target PTS according to the advance play time.

In some embodiments, determining the target PTS according to the advance play time may include: obtaining the PTS corresponding to the target synchronization code of the target channel according to the channel identifier of the target channel; The PTS corresponding to the target synchronization code determines the target PTS.

In some embodiments, in response to the first FCC request message, generating the FCC parameters may include: selecting a synchronization code whose generation time is closest to the current time as the target synchronization code.

In some embodiments, in response to the first FCC request message, generating the FCC parameters may include: obtaining status information of each FCC server among the plurality of FCC servers; based on the status information of each FCC server among the plurality of FCC servers , determining the target FCC server from the plurality of FCC servers.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the FCC scheduling server can monitor the health status of each FCC server in real time, and receive status information reported by each FCC server. The status information reported by each FCC server may include any one or more of information such as the geographic location, load, concurrent number, and failure of each FCC server. The first FCC request message may also carry the geographic location of the user equipment, and the FCC scheduling server may select the FCC server closest to the user equipment as the target FCC according to the geographic location of the user equipment and the geographic locations of each FCC server. server. If the health status of the FCC server closest to the user equipment is not good (for example, the load is high, the number of concurrency is high, or a fault occurs), the FCC scheduling server can select other servers with better health status for the user equipment. The FCC server acts as the target FCC server. The IP address of the target FCC server may be used as the target FCC server identifier, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, any identifier can be used as long as it can uniquely distinguish the target FCC server from other FCC servers.

In the method provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure, the FCC scheduling server may monitor the health status of the FCC server, and select an FCC server that is close to the user equipment, has no failure, and is not too heavily loaded as the target FCC server.

In some embodiments, the method may further include: receiving the multicast video stream of each channel from the video multicast source server; and generating the synchronization code and its Corresponding PTS.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when the user equipment generates the first FCC request message based on HTTP3.0, the user equipment may encapsulate the first FCC request message, for example, encapsulate it into a first FCC request message. In addition, the user equipment may also carry the user equipment type information of the user equipment in the HTTP header of the first FCC request message, and the user equipment type information may be any information related to the performance of the user equipment, for example, the Information such as the manufacturer and product model to which the user equipment belongs. The FCC scheduling server can determine the performance of the user equipment (for example, the buffer size of the user equipment) according to the user equipment type information, and can determine the advance broadcast time of the target channel according to the performance of the user equipment. For example, the larger the buffer size of the user equipment, the larger the play-in-advance time set by the FCC scheduling server; the smaller the cache size of the user equipment, the smaller the play-in-advance time set by the FCC scheduling server. The selection range of the advance playback time may be preset, for example, between 5 seconds and 10 seconds, and within the selection range, the corresponding advance playback time may be selected according to the performance of the user equipment to determine the target PTS.

For example, the FCC scheduling server selects the synchronization code closest to the current time according to the current time, that is, the latest synchronization code generated in the FCC scheduling server as the target synchronization code, and uses the PTS recorded corresponding to the target synchronization code as the target PTS. Assume that the target PTS is 10:00 am on December 16, 2021, and the FCC scheduling server determines that the broadcast time in advance is 5 seconds according to the user equipment type information, that is, it determines that the single broadcast of the target channel starts to be sent to the user equipment 5 seconds before the target PTS. If the video stream is broadcast (also called unicast stream), then the corresponding determined target PTS is 9:59:55 AM on December 16, 2021. That is, the target PTS may be equal to the target PTS minus the advance play time. The target FCC server can find the file start position of the video file of the target channel according to the target PTS, and send the unicast stream of the target channel to the user equipment from the file start position.

The method provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure can change the FCC parameters according to the user equipment type information, for example, change the target PTS in the FCC parameters, so as to better adapt the performance of the user equipment.

In step S230, the FCC parameter is returned to the user equipment.

In some embodiments, the user equipment may be configured to send a second FCC request message to a target FCC server corresponding to the target FCC server identifier, where the second FCC request message may include the FCC parameters; and according to the The FCC parameter requests to join the multicast group of the target channel, so as to receive the multicast video stream of the target channel from the video multicast source server.

In some embodiments, the target FCC server may be configured to send the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameter.

In some embodiments, returning the FCC parameters to the user equipment may include: returning an HTTP3.0 redirection message including the FCC parameters to the user equipment, the HTTP3.0 redirection message including HTTP3. 0 response code 302, location field, and alternate service field.

In some embodiments, the FCC parameters may also include the multicast address of the target channel, target PTS, target synchronization code, fast transmission rate and waiting time.

In some embodiments, the location field may include an IP address of a target FCC server, and the target FCC server identification includes the IP address of the target FCC server.

In some embodiments, the replacement service field may include the multicast address of the target channel, the target PTS, the target synchronization code, fast rate (FastRate) and waiting time (WaitingTime).

The fast sending rate may be used to indicate the rate at which the target FCC server sends the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment.

The waiting time may be used to instruct the user equipment to request to join the multicast group of the target channel after waiting for the waiting time.

The methods provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated below with reference to FIG. 3 to FIG. 6 , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

Fig. 3 to Fig. 6 exemplify the multicast fast channel switching method based on the HTTP replacement service, which can be applied to the technical field of video transmission and distribution in the field of network technology.

The method provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure, on the one hand, can change the FCC parameter in real time according to the actual situation of the terminal (that is, the user equipment) and the network. For example, different advance play times can be determined for the terminal according to the cache size of the terminal, so that different target PTSs can be returned, and the IP address of the appropriate target FCC server can also be returned according to the load of multiple FCC servers.

On the other hand, the method provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure is simple and applicable to more application scenarios.

As shown in Figure 3, the IPTV system may include a multicast client, a multicast FCC server, a multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server and a video multicast source server installed on user equipment. Communication between multicast client, multicast FCC server, multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server and video multicast source server can be realized through IP network.

The multicast FCC server in FIG. 3 is the above-mentioned FCC server, which can receive the multicast stream of each channel from the video multicast source server in real time, and generate the synchronization code of the multicast stream of each channel and its corresponding PTS. At the same time, the multicast FCC server can store the multicast streams of each channel in the latest predetermined time period (which can be set according to actual needs, which is not limited in the present disclosure) in time order. The multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server can also continuously receive the multicast stream of each channel from the video multicast source server in real time, and generate the synchronization code of the multicast stream of each channel and its corresponding PTS. Different from the multicast FCC server, the multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server may not store the received multicast stream of each channel, but only store the generated synchronization code and its corresponding PTS. Both the multicast FCC server and the multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server can establish a channel index for each channel to uniquely identify each channel, and the channel index can also directly use the channel identifier of each channel.

Continue to refer to Fig. 3, when the multicast client sends the first FCC request message to the multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server based on HTTP3.0, the multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server can respond to this first FCC request message, to the multicast The client returns an ALT-SVC message based on HTTP3.0, and the ALT-SVC message includes an ALT-SVC field. The ALT-SVC field includes at least a part of the FCC parameters.

As shown in Figure 3, the FCC parameter returned by the multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server to the multicast client may also include the IP address of the target FCC server. According to the IP address of the target FCC server, the multicast client can send an HTTP3.0-based FCC request to the target FCC server (ie, the multicast FCC server in FIG. 3 ), which is called the second FCC request message.

After the multicast FCC server in FIG. 3 receives the HTTP3.0-based FCC request, it can send the unicast stream of the target channel to the multicast client. Since it is based on HTTP3.0, the unicast stream of the target channel can also be called QUIC unicast stream.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the functional modules of the multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server (that is, the FCC ALT-SVC scheduling server in FIG. 6 ) designed by some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 4, the multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server may include an FCC synchronization code generation and storage module, an FCC server and network status monitoring module, a scheduling parameter generation module, and an HTTP3.0 service module.

The ALT-SVC FCC scheduling signaling in Figure 4 is the HTTP3.0 ALT-SVC message in Figure 3, which is the HTTP3.0 302 response returned by the FCC ALT-SVC scheduling server to the multicast client in Figure 6. The ALT-SVC carried in the HTTP3.0 302 response is the generated scheduling parameter, also known as the FCC parameter.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure use HTTP3.0 as the service protocol. The HTTP3.0 service module in FIG. 4 refers to the HTTP3.0 service module that provides HTTP3.0 services, and is responsible for responding to the FCC request sent by the multicast client in HTTP3.0 (ie, the first FCC request message). Since HTTP3.0 is based on UDP, it is faster. Meanwhile, HTTP3.0 has an ALT-SVC field, and some embodiments of the present disclosure may write at least part of the generated scheduling parameters into the ALT-SVC field.

The FCC synchronization code generation and storage module of the multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server can be used to compare the I frame start frame (such as AVS (Audio Video coding Standard, source coding standard) from the multicast stream of each channel received in real time Standard) encoding I frame start code is 0x000001B3), the next 32 bytes are used as the synchronization code, record the corresponding PTS, and generate the synchronization code index SN (serial number, also known as the serial number) in the following format :

SN|PTS|Synchronization Code;

The synchronization code index SN is generated by the multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server in sequence. For example, for any channel, when the first I frame of the channel is received, the first I frame is used as the first synchronization code, the corresponding SN is "1", and the first I frame is recorded Timestamp as the corresponding PTS. The synchronization code index SN can be used for internal management and statistics. The destination PTS is used to determine the start time of the unicast stream of the target channel required by the multicast client, or the start position of the file, or the start bit. Both the multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server and the multicast FCC server will generate synchronization codes. In the subsequent stage of the second FCC request message, the multicast FCC server can determine the file end position or end time of the sent unicast video stream of the target channel according to the target synchronization code in the synchronization code.

The FCC server and network status monitoring module of the multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server can be used to detect and collect status information such as the load and concurrent numbers of the FCC server and network equipment, and provide basic information for scheduling, such as determining the status information based on the status information of the FCC server The scheduled target FCC server.

The scheduling parameter generation module of the multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server can be used to generate corresponding scheduling parameters in real time according to the first FCC request message received from the multicast client. The scheduling parameter is the FCC parameter carried in the FCC response message.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of functional modules of an FCC server designed in some embodiments of the present disclosure. The target FCC server may be any FCC server. As shown in Figure 5, the FCC server may include an FCC synchronization code generation and storage module, a server and network status reporting module, a video stream storage module, and an HTTP3.0 service module.

The video stream storage module of the FCC server may be used to store the received multicast streams of each channel in time sequence.

The FCC synchronization code generation and storage module of the FCC server can be used to receive the multicast stream of each channel sent by the video multicast source server in real time, compare the I frame start frame from the multicast stream of each channel, and convert the following The 32-bit byte is used as the synchronization code, records the corresponding PTS, and generates the synchronization code index SN. Furthermore, in order to facilitate the HTTP3.0 service module to read the stored video files from the video stream module, the FCC synchronization code generation and storage module also adds the corresponding offset ByteRange parameter to each synchronization code index, and generates the following format The synchronization code index SN:

SN|PTS|Synchronization Code|ByteRange;

The video stream storage module in the FCC server is stored in chronological order, for example, a video file is newly generated every hour, and the time stamp of each video file is recorded. The offset is during the storage process. When the synchronization code appears, the video stream storage module sends the byte distance/byte offset of the synchronization code in the video file relative to the beginning byte of the video file as the offset. Back to the FCC synchronization code generation and storage module, the FCC synchronization code generation and storage module records the synchronization code index. In this way, when the FCC server wants to send a unicast stream to the multicast client, it no longer needs to search for the target synchronization code in the video file, but directly determines the end position of the file according to the offset of the target synchronization code, which can improve performance .

The server and network status reporting module of the FCC server can be used to report status information to the multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server, such as load information of the FCC server.

The HTTP3.0 service module of the FCC server can be used to analyze the start time in the second FCC request message sent by the received multicast client, and find the target offset to send the unicast of the target channel to the multicast client Video streams until the end of the target sync code. The startup time here refers to the destination PTS carried in the second FCC request message, which is specified by the multicast HTTP ALT-SVC server.

As shown in FIG. 6 , the FCC service flow of the newly entered channel is shown.

As shown in Figure 6, the multicast client establishes a link with the FCC ALT-SVC scheduling server (that is, the FCC scheduling server) when it starts (1-RTT (Round-Trip Time, round-trip time delay)). In this way, when the multicast client sends a live channel play request (that is, the first FCC request message) to the FCC ALT-SVC scheduling server based on HTTP3.0, the 0-RTT feature can be used to reduce the delay.

The FCC ALT-SVC scheduling server receives the live channel play request (also called client request) sent by the multicast client, and generates scheduling parameters according to the client request.

In the above process, the key fields of the interaction message between the multicast client and the FCC ALT-SVC scheduling server are as follows:

FCC request message: // the first FCC request message

Get https://FCC ALT-SVC Hostname/channel ID//Using the channel ID of the target channel as the request parameter, query which FCC server to send the request to and which parameters to carry

FCC response message (ie HTTP3.0 302 response in Figure 6):

HTTP3.0 response code 302//HTTP 302 refers to redirection

Location: FCC Server IP //Location is the location field, and FCC Server IP is the IP address of the target FCC server

ALT-SVC:IGMP="Multicast Destination IP/?PTS=***&SynchronizationCode=***&FastRate=***&WaitingTime=***"

HTTP3.0Body (optional)

Multicast channel SDP information (useless, only for the integrity of the message)

illustrate:

IGMP is the abbreviation of Internet Group Management Protocol, that is, Internet Group Management Protocol.

The Multicast Destination IP is the multicast address of the target channel. The Multicast Destination IP is used to notify the multicast client of the multicast address to join in the future. The Multicast Destination IP can also be used to notify the target FCC server that the multicast client should query and respond. which target channel. Because the same FCC server can store the multicast video stream of each channel in multiple channels at the same time, the multicast address is used as the sign of the multicast video stream of each channel.

The PTS in the ALT-SVC field of the FCC response message is the above-mentioned target PTS, that is, the start time, which refers to the start time for the multicast client to play the unicast video stream of the target channel, which can be 5 to 10 seconds earlier than the target PTS. The specific advance play time can be specified by the FCC ALT-SVC scheduling server according to the user equipment type information. For example, the user equipment type information is assumed to include the terminal model, and the FCC ALT-SVC scheduling server determines the terminal performance according to the terminal model. If the performance is good, it is determined that the playing time in advance is 10 seconds; if the performance is not good, the playing time in advance is determined to be 5 seconds.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the FCC server (the FCC server in FIG. 6 is the target FCC server) and the PTS indexed by the FCC ALT-SVC scheduling server are not necessarily completely consistent. For example, the clocks of the FCC server and the FCC ALT-SVC scheduling server are not synchronized, resulting in inconsistent PTSs recorded by the same synchronization code. At this time, when the FCC server receives the live channel play request (ie, the second FCC request message) sent by the multicast client, and searches for When there are multiple PTSs under the target channel, a matching PTS may not be found. At this time, the FCC server may use the first PTS after the target PTS as the starting point, and determine it as the starting position of the file. The first PTS here refers to the PTS corresponding to the synchronization code generated by the FCC server itself.

For example, assuming that the target PTS is 9:59:55 am on December 16, 2021, because the clocks of the FCC server and the FCC ALT-SVC scheduling server are not synchronized, the PTS cannot be found in the multiple PTSs under the target channel generated by the FCC server. At this time, the FCC server can use the PTS that is after 9:59:55 am on December 16, 2021 and the closest to 9:59:55 am on December 16, 2021 as the start time, and start from here Send a QUIC unicast video stream.

The SynchronizationCode in the ALT-SVC field of the FCC response message is the above-mentioned target synchronization code, and the target synchronization code is a sign that the sending of the QUIC unicast video stream ends.

The FastRate in the ALT-SVC field of the FCC response message is the fast transmission rate, which refers to the multiple of the fast transmission rate, that is, the rate at which the FCC server sends QUIC unicast video streams to the multicast client. The fast sending rate can be set according to actual needs, and this disclosure does not limit its value. The fast transmission rate can be specified by the FCC ALT-SVC scheduling server according to the user equipment type information.

The WaitingTime in the ALT-SVC field of the FCC response message refers to the waiting time for the multicast client to request to join the multicast group of the target channel. If the channel is switched before the waiting time is up, the multicast client should not request to join the multicast group of the target channel, that is, request to join the multicast group of the target channel after waiting N seconds according to the scheduling parameters in Figure 6. The waiting time can be set according to actual experience.

In the embodiment in FIG. 6 , the FCC server sends the QUIC unicast video stream according to the live channel play request sent by the multicast client. When receiving a shutdown request from a multicast client, the FCC server shall stop sending QUIC unicast video streams. It generally appears in the scene where the user quickly switches channels. For example, the user may press the wrong channel number, or press the up and down keys to select the channel. During this process, the user stays on the target channel for a very short time, and it ends before the waiting time is up, so the multicast client should actively exit.

SDP is the abbreviation of Session Description Protocol, which is the protocol describing the session. The SDP information of the multicast channel can maintain the integrity of the message and is optional.

The target sync code is the latest generated sync code in the FCC ALT-SVC dispatch server. When the FCC server stops sending the QUIC unicast video stream according to the target synchronization code, the multicast client starts playing the multicast video stream from the corresponding target synchronization code in the cached multicast video stream of the target channel, thereby realizing The synchronization of the unicast video stream and the multicast video stream is the synchronization of the FCC cache after receiving the synchronization code (ie, the target synchronization code) in FIG. 6 .

The method provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure, on the one hand, uses HTTP3.0ALT-SVC for scheduling, and can change the FCC parameters in real time according to the actual situation of the user equipment and the network. For example, different advance playback times are determined for the user equipment according to different buffer sizes of the user equipment. For example, the larger the buffer of the user equipment, the longer the playing time in advance, and the longer the buffer, the more sufficient time to join the multicast group. For another example, the IP address of a suitable target FCC server is returned according to the load of multiple FCC servers. On the other hand, a new synchronization method is adopted to make synchronization simple and applicable to more application scenarios.

The method provided in the embodiment of FIG. 7 may be executed by user equipment, and the user equipment may be any one or more of IPTV, set-top box, smart phone, tablet computer, notebook computer, desktop computer, etc., which is not limited in the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 7 , the method provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure may include the following steps.

In step S710, a first FCC request message is sent to the FCC scheduling server, where the first FCC request message includes the channel identifier of the target channel. The FCC scheduling server is configured to respond to the first FCC request message and generate FCC parameters, where the FCC parameters may include a target FCC server identifier.

In some embodiments, the FCC parameters may also include the multicast address of the target channel, the target PTS, and the target synchronization code.

In some embodiments, the first FCC request message may be transmitted based on the QUIC transport layer protocol.

In some embodiments, sending the first FCC request message to the FCC scheduling server may include: sending a first FCC request message to the FCC scheduling server based on the HTTP3.0 application layer protocol, and the first FCC request message includes HTTP message header and the first FCC request message.

In step S720, the FCC parameter returned by the FCC scheduling server is received.

In some embodiments, receiving the FCC parameters returned by the FCC scheduling server may include: receiving an HTTP3.0 redirection message including the FCC parameters returned by the FCC scheduling server, the HTTP3.0 redirection message Including HTTP3.0 response code 302, location field and replacement service field.

In some embodiments, the location field includes the IP address of the target FCC server, and the target FCC server identification includes the IP address of the target FCC server.

In some embodiments, the replacement service field includes the multicast address of the target channel, the target PTS, the target synchronization code, the fast transmission rate and the waiting time.

In some embodiments, the fast sending rate is used to indicate the rate at which the target FCC server sends the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment.

In some embodiments, the waiting time is used to instruct the user equipment to request to join the multicast group of the target channel after waiting for the waiting time.

In step S730, a second FCC request message is sent to the target FCC server corresponding to the target FCC server identifier, where the second FCC request message includes the FCC parameter.

In step S740, the unicast video stream of the target channel sent by the target FCC server according to the FCC parameters is received.

In some embodiments, the target FCC server may be configured to determine, according to the target PTS and the target synchronization code, a file start position and a file end position for sending the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment .

In step S750, request to join the multicast group of the target channel according to the FCC parameters, so as to receive the multicast video stream of the target channel from the video multicast source server.

In some embodiments, requesting to join the multicast group of the target channel according to the FCC parameters may include: if no shutdown request of the target channel is received within the waiting time, then during the waiting time Afterwards, a join request is sent to the video multicast source server to request to join the multicast group of the target channel.

For other content of the embodiment in FIG. 7 , reference may be made to the descriptions of other embodiments above.

The method provided in the embodiment of FIG. 8 may be executed by the target FCC server, and the target FCC server may be any one of multiple FCC servers.

As shown in FIG. 8 , the method provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure may include the following steps.

In step S810, a second FCC request message sent by the user equipment is received, and the second FCC request message includes FCC parameters. The FCC parameter includes a target FCC server identifier of the target FCC server.

In some embodiments, the FCC parameters may further include at least one of the multicast address of the target channel, the target PTS, and the target synchronization code.

In step S820, the unicast video stream of the target channel is sent to the user equipment according to the FCC parameter.

In some embodiments, the FCC parameters may also include the multicast address and the destination PTS of the target channel. In these embodiments, sending the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameters may include: determining the stored video stream of the target channel according to the target PTS and the multicast address of the target channel a file start position of the file; and sending the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment from the file start position of the target channel.

In some embodiments, determining the file start position of the stored video file of the target channel according to the target PTS and the multicast address of the target channel may include: retrieving the target PTS generated by the target FCC server according to the target PTS. multiple PTSs of the target channel; and if there is a PTS that matches the target PTS among the multiple PTSs of the target channel generated by the target FCC server, then use the matched PTS as the file start start position.

In some embodiments, determining the file start position of the stored video file of the target channel according to the target PTS and the multicast address of the target channel may further include: if the target channel generated by the target FCC server If there is no PTS matching the target PTS among the multiple PTSs of the channel, the first PTS after the target PTS among the multiple PTSs of the target channel generated by the target FCC server is used as the file starting point.

In some embodiments, sending the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameters may include: determining the stored video of the target channel according to the target PTS and the multicast address of the target channel a file start position of the file; and sending the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment from the file start position of the video file of the target channel until the target synchronization code.

In some embodiments, the method may further include: receiving the multicast video streams of each channel from the video multicast source server, and storing the multicast video streams of each channel in chronological order, and generating video files of each channel; and based on The multicast video stream of each channel is received, and the synchronization code of each channel and its corresponding PTS are generated.

In some embodiments, generating the synchronization code of each channel and its corresponding PTS based on the received multicast video stream of each channel may include: generating the synchronization code of each channel based on the received multicast video stream of each channel and its corresponding PTS and offset. The offset represents a byte offset between the synchronization code and the start byte of the video file of the corresponding channel.

In some embodiments, the FCC parameters also include a target synchronization code. In these embodiments, sending the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameters may further include: searching for a target offset corresponding to the target synchronization code according to the target synchronization code; The target offset determines the file end position of the video file of the target channel; and stops sending the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment at the file end position.

In some embodiments, the method may further include: reporting the status information of the target FCC server to the FCC scheduling server.

For other content of the embodiment in FIG. 8 , reference may be made to the descriptions of other embodiments above.

The electronic device 900 shown in FIG. 9 (which may be an FCC scheduling server, a user equipment or a target FCC server) may include a processor 910 , a memory 920 and a transceiver 930 .

Further, an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an FCC scheduling server, which may include: a first receiving unit, configured to receive a first FCC request message sent by a user equipment, where the first FCC request message includes a channel of a target channel An identifier; a generating unit, configured to generate FCC parameters in response to the first FCC request message, where the FCC parameters include a target FCC server identifier; and a first sending unit, configured to return the FCC parameters to the user equipment.

The user equipment may be configured to send a second FCC request message to a target FCC server corresponding to the target FCC server identifier, where the second FCC request message includes the FCC parameter; and request to join the target channel according to the FCC parameter The multicast group is used to receive the multicast video stream of the target channel from the video multicast source server.

The target FCC server may be configured to send the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameter.

Further, an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a user equipment, which may include: a second sending unit, configured to send a first FCC request message to an FCC scheduling server, where the first FCC request message includes a channel identifier of a target channel , the FCC scheduling server is configured to respond to the first FCC request message to generate an FCC parameter, the FCC parameter includes a target FCC server identifier; and a second receiving unit may be configured to receive the FCC returned by the FCC scheduling server FCC parameters. The second sending unit may also be configured to send a second FCC request message to a target FCC server corresponding to the target FCC server identifier, where the second FCC request message includes the FCC parameter. The second receiving unit may also be configured to receive the unicast video stream of the target channel sent by the target FCC server according to the FCC parameters. The second receiving unit may also be used to request to join the multicast group of the target channel according to the FCC parameter, so as to receive the multicast video stream of the target channel from the video multicast source server.

Further, an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a target FCC server, which may include: a third receiving unit, configured to receive a second FCC request message sent by a user equipment, where the second FCC request message includes FCC parameters, and the The FCC parameters include a target FCC server identifier of the target FCC server; and a third sending unit, configured to send the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameters.

Further, an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an IPTV system, which may include: the FCC scheduling server as described in any embodiment above; and the target FCC server as described in any embodiment.

In some embodiments, the IPTV system may further include the user equipment as described in any embodiment.

Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the steps performed by the terminal and the network device and the corresponding beneficial effects can refer to the relevant description of the terminal and the network device in the above method, and for the sake of brevity, details are not repeated here.

It should be understood that the division of the above units is only a functional division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation.

An embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a processing device, including a processor and an interface; the processor is configured to execute the video playing method in any of the foregoing embodiments.

It should be understood that the above processing device may be a chip. For example, the processing device may be a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or a System on Chip (SoC), or It can be a central processing unit (Central Processor Unit, CPU), a network processor (Network Processor, NP), a digital signal processing circuit (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), or a microcontroller (Micro Controller Unit, MCU), can also be a programmable controller (Programmable Logic Device, PLD) or other integrated chips.

In some implementation processes, each step of the above method may be implemented by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor or an instruction in the form of software. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor. The software module may be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, register. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory, and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware. To avoid repetition, no detailed description is given here.

It should be noted that the processor in the embodiment of the present disclosure may be an integrated circuit chip having a signal processing capability. In some implementations, the steps in the foregoing method embodiments may be implemented by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor or instructions in the form of software. The above-mentioned processor can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (digital signal processor, DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable Logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. Various methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented or executed. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor, or the like. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, register. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory, and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.

An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a computer-readable medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by an electronic device, the video playing method in any of the above-mentioned embodiments is implemented.

An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a computer program product, which implements the video playing method in any of the foregoing embodiments when the computer program product is executed by an electronic device.

An embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a system chip, the system chip includes: a processing unit and a communication unit, the processing unit may be, for example, a processor, and the communication unit may be, for example, an input/output interface, a pin, or a circuit. The processing unit may execute computer instructions, so that the chips in the FCC scheduling server, the user equipment, and the FCC server execute any video playing method provided by the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, the computer instructions are stored in a memory unit.

In some embodiments, the storage unit is a storage unit in the chip, such as a register, a cache, etc., and the storage unit can also be a storage unit located outside the chip in the terminal, such as a read-only memory (read-only memory) , ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, random access memory (random access memory, RAM), etc. The processor mentioned above can be a CPU, a microprocessor, an ASIC, or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the program execution of the above-mentioned video playing method. The processing unit and the storage unit can be decoupled, respectively arranged on different physical devices, and connected in a wired or wireless manner to realize the respective functions of the processing unit and the storage unit, so as to support the system chip to realize the above implementation Various functions in the example. Alternatively, the processing unit and the memory can also be coupled to the same device.

In the above embodiments, all or part of them may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the processes or functions according to the embodiments of the present disclosure will be generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, e.g. (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) to another website site, computer, server or data center. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrated with one or more available media. The available media can be magnetic media (for example, floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), optical media (for example, high-density digital video disc (digital video disc, DVD)), or semiconductor media (for example, solid state disk (solid state disk, SSD) ))wait.

In the several embodiments provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed system, device and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or can be Integrate into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented. In another point, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present disclosure may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

Various objects such as various messages/information/equipment/network elements/systems/apparatus/actions/operations/processes/concepts that may appear in this disclosure are named. It can be understood that these specific names do not constitute a limitation on related objects, and the assigned names can be changed with factors such as scenes, contexts, or usage habits. The understanding of the technical meaning of the technical terms in the present disclosure should be mainly determined from the functions and technical effects embodied/executed in the technical solutions.

In each embodiment of the present disclosure, if there is no special explanation and logical conflict, the terms and/or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referred to each other, and the technical features in different embodiments are based on their inherent Logical relationships can be combined to form new embodiments.

The above is only a specific implementation of the present disclosure, but the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Anyone skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present disclosure. should fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

A video playback method, characterized in that the method is performed by a fast channel switching FCC scheduling server, the method comprising:

receiving a first FCC request message sent by the user equipment, where the first FCC request message includes a channel identifier of a target channel;

generating FCC parameters in response to the first FCC request message, the FCC parameters including a target FCC server identifier; and

returning the FCC parameters to the user equipment;

The user equipment is configured to send a second FCC request message to a target FCC server corresponding to the target FCC server identifier, where the second FCC request message includes the FCC parameter; and request to join the target channel according to the FCC parameter to receive the multicast video stream of the target channel from the video multicast source server;

The target FCC server is configured to send the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameter.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the first FCC request message is transmitted based on the QUIC transport layer protocol.
The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein receiving the first FCC request message sent by the user equipment comprises:

Receiving a first FCC request message sent by the user equipment based on a hypertext transfer protocol HTTP3.0 application layer protocol, where the first FCC request message includes an HTTP message header and the first FCC request message.
The method according to claim 3, wherein the HTTP message header includes user equipment type information; the FCC parameter also includes a purpose display time label PTS;

Wherein, in response to the first FCC request message, generating the FCC parameters includes:

determining an advance play time according to the user equipment type information; and

The target PTS is determined according to the advance play time.
The method according to claim 4, wherein the user equipment type information is related to the performance of the user equipment, and the better the performance of the user equipment, the greater the advance play time.
The method according to claim 4, wherein determining the target PTS according to the advance play time comprises:

Obtaining the PTS corresponding to the target synchronization code of the target channel according to the channel identifier of the target channel; and

The target PTS is determined according to the advance play time and the PTS corresponding to the target synchronization code.
The method according to claim 6, wherein the target PTS is equal to the PTS corresponding to the target synchronization code minus the advance play time.
The method according to claim 6, further comprising:

receiving the multicast video stream of each channel from the video multicast source server; and

Based on the received multicast video stream of each channel, the synchronization code of each channel and its corresponding PTS are generated.
The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the FCC parameter also includes a target synchronization code;

Wherein, in response to the first FCC request message, generating the FCC parameters includes:

A synchronization code whose generation time is closest to the current time is selected as the target synchronization code.
The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein generating FCC parameters in response to the first FCC request message comprises:

obtain status information for each of the plurality of FCC servers; and

The target FCC server is determined from the plurality of FCC servers based on the state information.
The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein returning the FCC parameters to the user equipment comprises:

Return an HTTP3.0 redirection message including the FCC parameter to the user equipment, where the HTTP3.0 redirection message includes an HTTP3.0 response code 302, a location field, and a replacement service field.
The method according to claim 11, wherein the FCC parameters also include the multicast address of the target channel, the target PTS, target synchronization code, fast sending rate and waiting time;

The location field includes the IP address of the target FCC server, and the target FCC server identifier includes the IP address of the target FCC server;

The replacement service field includes the multicast address of the target channel, the target PTS, the target synchronization code, the fast sending rate and the waiting time;

The fast sending rate is used to indicate the rate at which the target FCC server sends the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment; and

The waiting time is used to instruct the user equipment to request to join the multicast group of the target channel after waiting for the waiting time.
A video playback method, characterized in that the method is executed by a user equipment, and the method includes:

Sending a first FCC request message to a fast channel switching FCC scheduling server, where the first FCC request message includes a channel identifier of a target channel, and the FCC scheduling server is used to generate FCC parameters in response to the first FCC request message, the The FCC parameters include the identity of the target FCC server;

receiving the FCC parameters returned by the FCC scheduling server;

Sending a second FCC request message to a target FCC server corresponding to the target FCC server identifier, where the second FCC request message includes the FCC parameter;

receiving the unicast video stream of the target channel sent by the target FCC server according to the FCC parameters; and

Requesting to join the multicast group of the target channel according to the FCC parameters, so as to receive the multicast video stream of the target channel from the video multicast source server.
The method according to claim 13, wherein the first FCC request message is transmitted based on the QUIC transport layer protocol.
The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein sending the first FCC request message to the fast channel switching FCC scheduling server comprises:

Sending a first FCC request message to the FCC scheduling server based on a hypertext transfer protocol HTTP3.0 application layer protocol, where the first FCC request message includes an HTTP message header and the first FCC request message.
The method according to claim 15, wherein the HTTP message header includes user equipment type information.
The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein receiving the FCC parameters returned by the FCC scheduling server comprises:

Receive an HTTP3.0 redirection message including the FCC parameter returned by the FCC scheduling server, where the HTTP3.0 redirection message includes an HTTP3.0 response code 302, a location field, and a replacement service field.
The method according to claim 17, wherein the FCC parameters also include the multicast address of the target channel, the target PTS, target synchronization code, fast sending rate and waiting time;

The location field includes the IP address of the target FCC server, and the target FCC server identifier includes the IP address of the target FCC server;

The replacement service field includes the multicast address of the target channel, the target PTS, the target synchronization code, the fast sending rate and the waiting time;

The fast sending rate is used to indicate the rate at which the target FCC server sends the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment; and

The waiting time is used to instruct the user equipment to request to join the multicast group of the target channel after waiting for the waiting time.
The method according to claim 18, wherein the request to join the multicast group of the target channel according to the FCC parameters comprises:

If the shutdown request of the target channel is not received within the waiting time, after the waiting time, send a join request to the video multicast source server to request to join the multicast of the target channel Group.
A video playback method, characterized in that the method is performed by a target fast channel switching FCC server, and the method includes:

receiving a second FCC request message sent by the user equipment, where the second FCC request message includes an FCC parameter, and the FCC parameter includes a target FCC server identifier of the target FCC server; and

Sending the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameters.
The method according to claim 20, wherein the FCC parameters further include the multicast address of the target channel and the purpose display time label PTS;

Wherein, sending the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameters includes:

Determine the file start position of the stored video file of the target channel according to the target PTS and the multicast address of the target channel; and

Sending the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment from the starting position of the file of the target channel.
The method according to claim 21, wherein determining the file start position of the stored video file of the target channel according to the target PTS and the multicast address of the target channel comprises:

Retrieving a plurality of PTSs for the target channel generated by the target FCC server based on the target PTS; and

If there is a PTS that matches the target PTS among the multiple PTSs of the target channel generated by the target FCC server, use the matched PTS as the file start position.
The method according to claim 22, wherein, determining the file start position of the stored video file of the target channel according to the target PTS and the multicast address of the target channel further comprises:

If there is no PTS that matches the target PTS among the multiple PTSs of the target channel generated by the target FCC server, place the multiple PTSs of the target channel generated by the target FCC server at the target The first PTS after the PTS is used as the starting position of the file.
The method according to claim 22 or 23, further comprising:

receiving the multicast video streams of each channel from the video multicast source server, and storing the multicast video streams of each channel in chronological order, and generating video files of each channel; and

Based on the received multicast video stream of each channel, the synchronization code of each channel and its corresponding PTS are generated.
The method according to claim 24, wherein, based on the received multicast video streams of each channel, generating the synchronization code of each channel and its corresponding PTS comprises:

Based on the received multicast video stream of each channel, generate the synchronization code of each channel and its corresponding PTS, and the offset corresponding to the synchronization code of each channel, the offset represents the synchronization code and the video file of the corresponding channel The byte offset between the start bytes of .
The method according to claim 25, wherein the FCC parameter also includes a target synchronization code;

Wherein, sending the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameters further includes:

Searching for a target offset corresponding to the target synchronization code according to the target synchronization code;

determining the file end position of the video file of the target channel according to the target offset; and

Stop sending the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment at the end position of the file.
The method according to claim 20, further comprising:

Report the state information of the target FCC server to the FCC scheduling server.
A fast channel switching FCC scheduling server is characterized in that it comprises:

The first receiving unit is configured to receive a first FCC request message sent by the user equipment, where the first FCC request message includes a channel identifier of a target channel;

a generating unit, configured to generate an FCC parameter in response to the first FCC request message, where the FCC parameter includes a target FCC server identifier; and

a first sending unit, configured to return the FCC parameter to the user equipment;

The user equipment is configured to send a second FCC request message to a target FCC server corresponding to the target FCC server identifier, where the second FCC request message includes the FCC parameter; and request to join the target channel according to the FCC parameter to receive the multicast video stream of the target channel from the video multicast source server;

The target FCC server is configured to send the unicast video stream of the target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameter.
A fast channel switching FCC scheduling server is characterized in that it comprises:

storage; and

A processor configured to invoke instructions stored in the memory to perform the operations of the method according to any one of claims 1-12.
A user equipment, characterized by comprising:

The second sending unit is configured to send a first FCC request message to a fast channel switching FCC dispatch server, the first FCC request message includes a channel identifier of a target channel, and the FCC dispatch server is configured to respond to the first FCC request message , generating FCC parameters, where the FCC parameters include a target FCC server identifier;

a second receiving unit, configured to receive the FCC parameters returned by the FCC scheduling server;

The second sending unit is further configured to send a second FCC request message to a target FCC server corresponding to the target FCC server identifier, where the second FCC request message includes the FCC parameter;

The second receiving unit is further configured to receive the unicast video stream of the target channel sent by the target FCC server according to the FCC parameters; and

The second receiving unit is further configured to request to join the multicast group of the target channel according to the FCC parameter, so as to receive the multicast video stream of the target channel from the video multicast source server.
A user equipment, characterized by comprising:

storage; and

A processor configured to call instructions stored in the memory to perform the operations of the method according to any one of claims 13-19.
A target fast channel switching FCC server, characterized in that it comprises:

A third receiving unit, configured to receive a second FCC request message sent by the user equipment, where the second FCC request message includes an FCC parameter, and the FCC parameter includes a target FCC server identifier of the target FCC server; and

A third sending unit, configured to send a unicast video stream of a target channel to the user equipment according to the FCC parameter.
A target fast channel switching FCC server, characterized in that it comprises:

storage; and

A processor configured to call instructions stored in the memory to perform the operations of the method according to any one of claims 20-27.
An Internet protocol television IPTV system is characterized in that it comprises:

A Fast Channel Switching FCC dispatch server as claimed in claim 28 or 29; and

A target fast channel switching FCC server as claimed in claim 32 or 33.
The system of claim 34, further comprising:

A user equipment as claimed in claim 30 or 31.
A computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by an electronic device, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or as described in A method as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 19 or a method as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 27.