WO2023115743A1 - 一种方壳锂离子电池 - Google Patents

一种方壳锂离子电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023115743A1
WO2023115743A1 PCT/CN2022/084240 CN2022084240W WO2023115743A1 WO 2023115743 A1 WO2023115743 A1 WO 2023115743A1 CN 2022084240 W CN2022084240 W CN 2022084240W WO 2023115743 A1 WO2023115743 A1 WO 2023115743A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pole
section
ion battery
positive
negative
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PCT/CN2022/084240
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
付垚
秦继文
张宏飞
俞会根
向晋
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北京卫蓝新能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023115743A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023115743A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/548—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on opposite sides of the cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a prismatic lithium-ion battery.
  • the solution to improve the volumetric efficiency of the battery system in the existing technical solutions is to change the structure of the battery cell by optimizing the manufacturing process of the square-shell battery cell, and increase the size of the battery cell significantly in the length direction.
  • the battery cells are arranged more compactly, and the gaps between the original battery modules are also utilized.
  • the space inside the battery pack can be used more efficiently, and the module structural parts can also be eliminated.
  • the positive and negative poles of the electric core still have a structure protruding from the side surface of the electric core, and the protruding poles still occupy part of the space.
  • battery systems are now required to have higher volume group efficiency and volume energy density, and integrate more lithium-ion batteries within a limited volume range to meet more energy and higher power.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a prismatic lithium-ion battery, including: a cell and a casing covering the cell; A pole protruding horizontally, the pole includes a positive pole and a negative pole.
  • the distance from the surface of the shell to the bottom surface of the concave structure is smaller than the distance from the surface of the edge of the shell to the bottom surface of the concave structure.
  • the recessed structure is arranged as an L-shaped structure, and the recessed structure is arranged on both sides of the casing.
  • the recessed structure is arranged in a U shape, and the pole is arranged at the bottom of the recessed structure.
  • the positive pole and the negative pole arranged on the concave structure are arranged in a columnar shape.
  • the positive pole and the negative pole arranged on the concave structure are arranged in an L shape.
  • the L-shaped positive pole and negative pole are connected to the guide handle perpendicular to the upper surface of the casing, and are used to connect to the bus bar during the battery grouping process in parallel to the upper surface of the casing.
  • the depth of the concave structure is ⁇ H, and the size of the depth is 0mm ⁇ H ⁇ 100mm; an outer surface of the positive pole and the negative pole is perpendicular to the extending direction of the pole, and the outer surface is in contact with the shell
  • the distance between the corresponding surfaces of the body is ⁇ H1, and the dimension of the distance is 0mm ⁇ H1 ⁇ 95mm.
  • the length of the concave structure is ⁇ L, and the length dimension is 0mm ⁇ L ⁇ 100mm; an outer surface of the positive pole and the negative pole is parallel to the extending direction of the pole, and the outer surface is in contact with the shell
  • the distance between the corresponding surfaces of the body is ⁇ L1, and the dimension of the distance is 0mm ⁇ L1 ⁇ 95mm.
  • the battery cell is composed of several groups of pole pieces in the form of laminations, and each group of pole pieces is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, and a separator arranged between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece in a laminated form. Composition, both the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece are provided with protruding tabs;
  • the positive electrode piece includes a positive electrode active material layer and a positive electrode tab arranged on the side surface of the positive electrode material active material layer, and the positive electrode tab is used for connection between the pole pieces;
  • the negative electrode piece includes a negative electrode active material layer and a negative electrode tab arranged on the side surface of the negative electrode material active material layer, and the negative electrode tab is used for connection between the pole pieces.
  • the guide handle includes a first section connected to the pole and a second section connected to the battery core.
  • the guide handle is arranged in an L shape, wherein the first section is connected to the pole post, and the second section is connected to the tab of the battery cell.
  • the guide handle is arranged in three sections, and the guide handle is composed of: a first section, a second section and a third section connecting the second section and the first section, the first section, the second section and Two adjacent sections of the third section are arranged perpendicular to each other, wherein the first section is connected to the pole, the second section is connected to the first section through the third section, and the second section is connected to the tab of the electric core.
  • the casing includes a casing main body and an upper cover arranged on the casing main body.
  • the casing includes a casing body and a rear cover disposed on the casing body, and the casing body and the rear cover are both configured as convex structures.
  • the prismatic shell battery provided by this application symmetrically arranges the concave structure on the casing, and sets the poles in the concave structure.
  • the aluminum row used for the series and parallel connection of the battery cells can be arranged in the In the concave structure designed between the highest point of the pole and the upper surface or side surface of the housing, after such grouping, the upper surface or side surface of the housing can be closer to the upper cover or side surface of the battery system;
  • some poles protrude and are connected in series and parallel with the batteries on the surface of the casing the space between the poles is wasted, and the space utilization efficiency of the battery system composed of batteries is significantly improved.
  • the space utilization rate of the present application is significantly improved, resulting in a significant increase in the volumetric energy efficiency of the battery system.
  • Fig. 1 is the internal explosion schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal section of Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of pole setting in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of pole setting in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the internal explosion of Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the guide handle in Example 3 of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of one of the guide handles in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of another guide handle according to Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • the casing 10 is a cuboid structure, and a recessed structure 103 is provided on the edge of the casing 10, and the recessed structure 103 is respectively provided with poles 104 extending horizontally to both sides of the battery.
  • the poles 104 include a positive pole 1041 and a negative pole 1042.
  • Both the positive pole 1041 and the negative pole 1042 are separated by corresponding different poles 104
  • the provided guide handle 105 is connected to the cell, and the distance from the top surface of the positive pole 1041 and the negative pole 1042 in the extending direction to the bottom of the recessed structure 103 is smaller than the distance from the edge outer surface of the housing 10 to the bottom of the recessed structure 103 .
  • the housing 10 includes a housing main body 102 and an upper cover 101 arranged on the housing main body 102, the two ends of the upper cover 101 are respectively provided with L-shaped recessed structures 103;
  • the poles 104 (the positive pole 1041 and the negative pole 1042 ) are arranged in a columnar shape (square column, circular column and other heterogeneous columnar structures).
  • the casing is a cuboid
  • the casing includes a casing main body and a rear cover arranged on the casing main body, the casing main body and the rear cover are both configured as convex structures, and the rear cover
  • the setting surface of the housing is one of the surfaces with the largest area on the housing. After the two are assembled to form the housing 10, a concave structure is formed on both sides thereof.
  • the battery cell is composed of several groups of pole pieces 5 in the form of laminates, and each group of pole pieces 5 is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, and a separator arranged between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece in a stacked form, Diaphragms are also arranged between each group of adjacent pole pieces, and protruding tabs (54, 55) are provided on the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece.
  • the positive pole lug 54 of the positive pole piece protrudes in the direction of the upper cover 101, and the positive pole lug 54 is offset in the direction of the positive pole pole 1041; the negative pole lug 55 of the negative pole piece 52 protrudes in the direction of the upper cover 2 , the negative pole tab 55 is shifted toward the negative pole pole 1042 .
  • the guide handle 105 is arranged in three sections, and the guide handle 105 is composed of a first section 106, a second section 107, and a third section 108 connecting the first section 106 and the second section 107.
  • the first segment 106 , the second segment 107 and the third segment 108 are arranged vertically to each other.
  • the first segment 106 is connected to the pole 104
  • the second segment 107 is connected to the tab of the cell.
  • the electric core is made up of several groups of pole pieces 5 in the form of laminations, and each group of pole pieces 5 consists of a positive pole piece 51, a negative pole piece 52 and a separator arranged between the positive pole piece 51 and the negative pole piece 52 (Fig. (not shown) is composed of laminated sheets, and protruding positive (negative) tabs (54, 55) are provided on the positive pole piece 51 and the negative pole piece 52.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode active material layer and a positive electrode sheet foil layer arranged on the side surface of the positive electrode material active material layer, the positive electrode sheet foil layer is an aluminum foil layer, and the positive electrode sheet foil layer is provided with a positive electrode relative to the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the tab 51 is used for the connection between the positive pole pieces and the connection between the positive pole pieces and the guide handle 105 .
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode active material layer and a negative electrode sheet foil layer arranged on the side surface of the negative electrode material active material layer, the negative electrode sheet foil layer is a copper foil layer, and the electrode sheet foil layer is provided with a
  • the negative pole lug 52 is used for the connection between the negative pole pieces and the connection between the negative pole piece and the lead handle 105 .
  • the present embodiment is similarly applicable to square shell batteries in the form of wound cores.
  • the difference from the above embodiments is that the recessed structure 200 is arranged on both sides of the casing 20, the recessed structure 200 is arranged in a U shape, and the positive pole 202 and the negative pole 201 are both columnar. set at the bottom of the recessed structure 200 .
  • the vertical distance between the surface of the positive pole 202 and the negative pole 201 and the surface of the housing 20 is ⁇ H2, and the dimension of this distance is 0mm ⁇ H2 ⁇ 95mm.
  • an explosion-proof valve 203 is further provided adjacent to the pole.
  • the present embodiment is similarly applicable to square shell batteries in the form of wound cores.
  • a square shell lithium-ion battery includes: a battery cell and a casing 1 covering the battery cell; the casing 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure.
  • the narrow side of the housing 1 is symmetrically provided with a concave structure 21, and the symmetrically arranged concave structure 21 is respectively provided with a pole 22, and the pole 22 includes a positive pole 221 and a negative pole 222, and the positive pole 221 and the negative pole
  • the poles 222 are all connected to the cell through the guide handle 4 provided separately corresponding to the different poles 22, and the highest points of the positive pole 221 and the negative pole 222 in the extending direction are lower than those on the housing 1 in the direction in which the poles extend. vertical outer surface.
  • the casing 1 includes a casing main body 3 and an upper cover 2 arranged on the casing main body 3, and the two ends of the upper cover 2 are respectively provided with L-shaped recessed structures 21, and the positive electrode arranged on the recessed structures 21
  • the post 221 and the negative pole post 222 are also arranged in an L shape.
  • the recessed structure 21 includes: a first recessed structure 211 disposed at one end of the upper cover 2 and a second recessed structure 212 disposed at the other end of the upper cover 2, and the positive pole 221 is disposed in the first recessed structure 211 , the negative pole 222 is disposed in the second recessed structure 212 .
  • the L-shaped positive pole 221 and negative pole 222 are welded to the guide handle 4 perpendicular to the upper surface of the housing 1 , and are used for welding to the busbars in the process of battery assembly.
  • the first section 403 of the guide handle 4 is arranged in an L shape, and the first section of the L shape is welded to the pole 22 arranged in an L shape, and the side perpendicular to the horizontal position of the first section 403 is Above, a second segment 404 is welded vertically.
  • the guide handle 4 is designed as a stepped structure that is perpendicular to each other; wherein the first section 401 is welded to the battery pole 22, and the second section 402 is welded to the positive pole (negative pole) ) tab welding.
  • the guide handle 4 and the positive (negative) tab are welded by laser or ultrasonic to complete the structural and electrical connection.
  • the welded upper cover 2 , the positive and negative electrode sheets 5 and the diaphragm are integrally put into the battery lower case 1 , and the upper cover 2 and the lower case 1 are sealed by laser welding on the joint surface.
  • the upper surface of the battery can be attached to the upper cover of the battery system to achieve better utilization of the battery system space and improve the volume efficiency of the battery system integration, and the L-shaped post 22 has a larger contact area , better security and stability in actual use.
  • the positive electrode tab 54 and the negative electrode tab 55 of the above-mentioned pole piece foil layer are both protruded toward the upper cover 2 .
  • the positive electrode sheet 51 includes a positive electrode active material layer and a positive electrode sheet foil layer arranged on the side surface of the positive electrode material active material layer, the positive electrode sheet foil layer is an aluminum foil layer, and the electrode sheet foil layer is provided with a
  • the positive pole lug 54 is used for the connection between the positive pole pieces 51 and the connection between the positive pole piece 51 and the guide handle 4 .
  • the negative electrode sheet 52 includes a negative electrode active material layer and a negative electrode sheet foil layer arranged on the side surface of the negative electrode material active material layer, the negative electrode sheet foil layer is a copper foil layer, and the electrode sheet foil layer is arranged relative to the negative electrode active material layer There is a negative pole lug 55 , which is used for the connection between the negative pole pieces 52 and the connection between the negative pole pieces 52 and the guide handle 4 .
  • the depth of the recessed structure 21 is ⁇ H, and the dimension of the depth is 0mm ⁇ H ⁇ 100mm; the distance between the positive pole 221 and the negative pole 222 and the upper surface of the housing 1 is ⁇ H1, and the distance is 0mm ⁇ ⁇ H1 ⁇ 95mm.
  • the length of the above-mentioned concave structure 21 is ⁇ L, and the length dimension is 0mm ⁇ L ⁇ 100mm; the distance between the positive pole pole 221 and the negative pole pole 222 and the side surface of the housing 1 is ⁇ L1, and the distance dimension is 0mm ⁇ ⁇ L1 ⁇ 95mm.
  • an explosion-proof valve 23 is also provided on the upper cover 2 .
  • the pole 22 is composed of a pole conductor 24 and an insulating seal 25 arranged around the side of the pole conductor 24 .
  • Both the pole conductor 24 and the insulating seal 25 have an L-shaped structure; in the L-shaped structure of the pole conductor 24, the part perpendicular to the upper surface of the battery is welded to the tab 41, and the part parallel to the upper surface of the battery is used in the battery grouping process Welded with the busbar, the upper surface of the busbar after welding is not higher than the upper surface of the battery; through the above design, on the one hand, it can maximize the use of the internal space of the battery to design larger battery positive and negative pole pieces (51, 52 ), so as to realize the larger capacity design of the square shell battery.
  • the upper surface of the battery can be attached to the upper cover 2 of the battery system during the process of integrating the battery into a battery system, so as to realize a better utilization of the space of the battery system , to improve the volumetric efficiency of battery system integration.
  • the present embodiment is similarly applicable to square shell batteries in the form of wound cores.
  • the aluminum row used for the series and parallel connection of the battery cells can be arranged in the reserved space between the highest point of the pole and the upper surface or side surface of the shell.
  • the upper surface or side surface of the housing can be closer to the upper cover or side surface of the battery system; compared with the existing pole protrusions and the parallel connection of battery strings on the surface of the housing, the space between the poles is reduced. Waste, the space utilization efficiency of the battery system composed of batteries is significantly improved.
  • the space utilization rate is significantly improved, resulting in a significant increase in the volumetric energy efficiency of the battery system.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种方壳锂离子电池，包括：电芯以及包覆该电芯的壳体；在该壳体边沿设有凹陷结构，该凹陷结构上设有向电池两侧沿水平伸出的极柱，该极柱包括正极极柱和负极极柱，正极极柱和负极极柱均通过对应不同极柱单独设置的导柄与电芯连接，正极极柱和负极极柱的表面到凹陷结构底面的距离小于壳体边沿的表面到凹陷结构底面的距离，本申请解决了现有技术中电池体积成组效率和体积能量密度低的问题。

Description

一种方壳锂离子电池
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2021年12月20日提交的中国专利申请202123214569.2的权益，该申请的内容通过引用被合并于本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，具体涉及一种方壳锂离子电池。
背景技术
随着新能源汽车、储能产业迅速发展，新能源市场对锂离子电池的需求量和使用量快速增长。因新能源汽车与储能应用场景对锂离子电池系统具有高能量高功率输出的要求，业内通常通过串并联多个锂离子单体电池形成锂离子电池模组、电池包或者电池簇，以实现大能量大功率的能源输出来满足使用场景需求。同时，因新能源汽车与部分储能实际应用场景空间有限，因此对锂离子电池系统提出物理空间的限制，对应用在新能源汽车和中小储能系统等应用场景的锂离子电池系统提出了更小的体积要求。
现有技术方案中提高电池系统体积效率的方案是通过优化方壳电芯的制造工艺改变电芯结构，将电芯的尺寸在长度方向显著增长，因电芯长度显著增长，在成组过程中电芯排列更加紧凑，原有电池模组之间的空隙也被利用，此技术方案中电池包内空间能够被更高效地 利用，同时模组结构件也可以取消。但是该现有技术电芯正负极极柱依然是凸出于电芯侧边表面的结构，该部分凸出设置的极柱依然占用了部分空间。
总结起来，现在需要电池系统有更高的体积成组效率和体积能量密度，在有限制的体积范围内集成更多锂离子电池，满足更多的能量和更高的功率。
发明内容
为此，本申请实施例提供一种方壳锂离子电池，包括：电芯以及包覆该电芯的壳体；在该壳体边沿设有凹陷结构，该凹陷结构上设有向电池两侧沿水平伸出的极柱，该极柱包括正极极柱和负极极柱，正极极柱和负极极柱均通过对应不同极柱单独设置的导柄与电芯连接，正极极柱和负极极柱的表面到凹陷结构底面的距离小于壳体边沿的表面到凹陷结构底面的距离。
在其中一个实施例中，凹陷结构设置为L形结构，该凹陷结构设置在壳体两侧边沿。
在其中一个实施例中，凹陷结构呈U形设置，极柱设置在该凹陷结构的底部。
在其中一个实施例中，设置在凹陷结构上的正极极柱和负极极柱均呈柱状设置。
在其中一个实施例中，设置在凹陷结构上的正极极柱和负极极柱呈L形设置。
在其中一个实施例中，L形设置的正极极柱和负极极柱垂直于壳体上表面部分与导柄连接，平行于壳体上表面部分用于在电池成组过程中与汇流排连接。
在其中一个实施例中，凹陷结构的深度为ΔH，该深度的尺寸为0mm＜ΔH≤100mm；正极极柱和负极极柱的一外表面垂直于该极柱伸出方向，该外表面与壳体相应表面的距离为ΔH1，该距离尺寸为0mm＜ΔH1≤95mm。
在其中一个实施例中，凹陷结构的长度为ΔL，该长度尺寸为0mm＜ΔL≤100mm；正极极柱和负极极柱的一外表面平行于与该极柱伸出方向，该外表面与壳体相应表面的距离为ΔL1，该距离尺寸为0mm＜ΔL1≤95mm。
在其中一个实施例中，电芯由若干组极片以叠片形式组成，每组极片由正极极片、负极极片和设置在正极极片和负极极片之间的隔膜以叠片形式组成，正极极片和负极极片上均设有凸出的极耳；
其中，正极极片包括正极活性材料层和设置在正极材料活性材料层侧表面的正极极耳，该正极极耳用于极片之间的连接；
负极极片包括负极活性材料层和设置在负极材料活性材料层侧表面的负极极耳，该负极极耳用于极片之间的连接。
在其中一个实施例中，导柄包括与极柱连接的第一段和与电芯连接的第二段。
在其中一个实施例中，导柄呈L形设置，其中第一段与极柱连接，第二段与电芯的极耳连接。
在其中一个实施例中，导柄呈三段式设置，该导柄由：第一段、第二段以及连接第二段和第一段的第三段组成，第一段、第二段以及第三段的相邻两段互相垂直设置，其中第一段与极柱连接，第二段通过第三段与第一段连接，该第二段与电芯的极耳连接。
在其中一个实施例中，壳体包括壳体主体和设置在壳体主体上的上盖。
在其中一个实施例中，壳体包括壳体主体和设置在壳体主体上的后盖，该壳体主体和后盖均设为凸形结构。
本申请实施例具有如下优点：
本申请提供的方壳电池通过在壳体上对称设置凹陷结构，将极柱设置在该凹陷结构内，在将电池串并联组成电池组系统时，电池单体串并联使用的铝排可布置在极柱最高点与壳体上表面或者侧表面之间设计的凹陷结构内，经过这样成组后，壳体上表面或侧表面能够与电池系统上盖或者侧表面贴得更近一些；对比现有的极柱凸出与壳体表面的电池串并联时极柱之间的空间被浪费，电池组成的电池系统空间利用效率显著提升。本申请空间利用率显著提高，带来电池系统的体积能量效率显著提高。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请的实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是示例性的，对于本领域普 通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图引申获得其它的实施附图。
本说明书所绘示的结构、比例、大小等，均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容，以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读，并非用以限定本申请可实施的限定条件，故不具技术上的实质意义，任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整，在不影响本申请所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应仍落在本申请所揭示的技术内容的能涵盖的范围内。
图1为本申请实施例1的内部爆炸示意图；
图2为本申请实施例1的内剖示意图；
图3为本申请实施例2的整体结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例2的极柱设置放大示意图；
图5为本申请实施例3的整体结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例3的极柱设置放大示意图；
图7为本申请实施例3的内部爆炸示意图；
图8为本申请实施例3的导柄结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例3的其中一种导柄结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例3的另一种导柄结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本申请的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本申请的其他优点及功 效，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
实施例1
参照图1～图2，一种方壳锂离子电池，电芯以及包覆该电芯的壳体10；壳体10为长方体结构，在该壳体10边沿设有凹陷结构103，该凹陷结构103上分别设有向电池两侧沿水平伸出的极柱104，该极柱104包括正极极柱1041和负极极柱1042，正极极柱1041和负极极柱1042均通过对应不同极柱104单独设置的导柄105与电芯连接，正极极柱1041和负极极柱1042的伸出方向的顶面到凹陷结构103底面的距离小于壳体10的边沿外表面到凹陷结构103底面的距离。
优选地，该壳体10包括壳体主体102和设置在壳体主体102上的上盖101，上盖101两端分别设有呈L形设置的凹陷结构103；设置在凹陷结构103侧边的极柱104(正极极柱1041和负极极柱1042)呈柱状(方形柱、圆形柱和其他异性柱状结构)设置。
壳体的另一个实施方式中，壳体为长方体，该壳体包括壳体主体和设置在所述壳体主体上的后盖，该壳体主体和后盖均设为凸形结构，后盖的设置面为该壳体上面积最大的其中一个面，两者装配呈壳体10后，在其两侧形成凹陷结构。
优选地，电芯由若干组极片5以叠片形式组成，每组极片5由正极极片、负极极片和设置在正极极片和负极极片之间的隔膜以叠片形 式组成，相邻的每组极片之间同样设置有隔膜，正极极片和负极极片上均设有凸出的极耳(54、55)。
进一步优选地，正极极片的正极极耳54向上盖101的方向突出设置，该正极极耳54向正极极柱1041方向偏移；负极极片52的负极极耳55向上盖2的方向突出设置，该负极极耳55向负极极柱1042方向偏移。
参照图8优选地，导柄105呈三段式设置，该导柄105由第一段106、第二段107以及连接第一段106和第二段107的第三段108组成，所述第一段106、第二段107以及第三段108的相邻两段互相垂直设置，其中第一段106与极柱104连接，第二段107与电芯的极耳连接。
优选地，电芯由若干组极片5以叠片形式组成，每组极片5由正极极片51、负极极片52和设置在正极极片51和负极极片52之间的隔膜(图未示)以叠片形式组成，正极极片51和负极极片52上均设有凸出的正极(负极)极耳(54、55)。
优选地，正极极片包括正极活性材料层和设置在正极材料活性材料层侧表面的正极极片箔层，正极极片箔层为铝箔层，该极片箔层相对正极活性材料层设置有正极极耳51，该正极极耳51用于正极极片之间的连接以及正极极片与导柄105之间的连接。
优选地，负极极片包括负极活性材料层和设置在负极材料活性材料层侧表面的负极极片箔层，负极极片箔层为铜箔层，该极片箔层相对负极活性材料层设置有负极极耳52，该负极极耳52用于负极极片 之间的连接以及负极极片与导柄105之间的连接。
本实施例同理可适用于卷芯形式的方壳电池。
实施例2
参照图3～图4，与上述实施例的不同之处在于，凹陷结构200设置在壳体20两侧表面，该凹陷结构200呈U形设置，正极极柱202和负极极柱201均呈柱状设置在该凹陷结构200的底部。
优选地，正极极柱202和负极极柱201表面与壳体20表面之间的垂直距离为ΔH2，该距离尺寸为0mm＜ΔH2≤95mm。
优选地，在与上述极柱相邻处还设有防爆阀203。
本实施例同理可适用于卷芯形式的方壳电池。
实施例3
如图5～图10所示，与上述实施例的不同之处在于，一种方壳锂离子电池，包括：电芯以及包覆该电芯的壳体1；壳体1为长方体结构，在该壳体1窄边对称设有凹陷结构21，该对称设置的凹陷结构21上分别设有极柱22，该极柱22包括正极极柱221和负极极柱222，正极极柱221和负极极柱222均通过对应不同极柱22单独设置的导柄4与电芯连接，正极极柱221和负极极柱222在伸出方向的最高点均低于壳体1上与该极柱伸出方向垂直的外表面。
优选地，壳体1包括壳体主体3和设置在壳体主体3上的上盖2，上盖2两端分别设有呈L形设置的凹陷结构21，设置在凹陷结构21 上的正极极柱221和负极极柱222同样呈L形设置。
进一步优选地，该凹陷结构21包括：设置在上盖2其中一端的第一凹陷结构211和设置在上盖2另一端的第二凹陷结构212，正极极柱221设置在第一凹陷结构211中，负极极柱222设置在第二凹陷结构212中。
优选地，L形设置的正极极柱221和负极极柱222垂直于壳体1上表面部分与导柄4焊接，平行于上表面部分用于电池成组过程中与汇流排焊接。
参照图9，导柄4的第一段403呈L形设置，该L形设置的第一段与L形设置的极柱22焊接，在该第一段403与水平位置相垂直的那条边上，垂直焊接有第二段404。
参照图10在本实施例的另一个实施方式中，导柄4设计为一种两两相互垂直的台阶状结构；其中第一段401与电池极柱22焊接，第二段402与正极(负极)极耳焊接。
导柄4和正极(负极)极耳通过激光或者超声焊接，完成结构与电气连接。焊接完成的上盖2与正负极片5以及隔膜，整体装入电芯下壳体1，上盖2与下壳体1通过在结合面激光焊接，进行密封。通过将极柱22呈L形设置在L形设置的凹陷结构21中，一方面可以实现最大化利用电池内部空间，实现更大的电池容量的设计；另一方面也可实现电池在即成为电池组系统过程中，电池上表面能够与电池系统的上盖贴合，实现对电池系统空间的更优的利用，提高电池系统集成的体积效率，并且L形设置的极柱22因为其接触面积更大，在 实际使用过程中安全性和稳定性更好。
在本实施例中，上述极片箔层的正极极耳54和负极极耳55均朝向上盖2方向突出设置。
优选地，正极极片51包括正极活性材料层和设置在正极材料活性材料层侧表面的正极极片箔层，正极极片箔层为铝箔层，该极片箔层相对正极活性材料层设置有正极极耳54，该正极极耳54用于正极极片51之间的连接以及正极极片51与导柄4之间的连接。
优选地，负极极片52包括负极活性材料层和设置在负极材料活性材料层侧表面的负极极片箔层，负极极片箔层为铜箔层，该极片箔层相对负极活性材料层设置有负极极耳55，该负极极耳55用于负极极片52之间的连接以及负极极片52与导柄4之间的连接。
优选地，凹陷结构21的深度为ΔH，该深度的尺寸为0mm＜ΔH≤100mm；正极极柱221和负极极柱222与壳体1上表面之间的距离为ΔH1，该距离尺寸为0mm＜ΔH1≤95mm。
优选地，上述凹陷结构21的长度为ΔL，该长度尺寸为0mm＜ΔL≤100mm；正极极柱221和负极极柱222与壳体1侧表面之间的距离为ΔL1，该距离尺寸为0mm＜ΔL1≤95mm。
优选地，在上盖2上还设有防爆阀23。
优选地，极柱22由极柱导体24和环绕设置在该极柱导体24侧面的绝缘密封件25组成。极柱导体24和绝缘密封件25均具备L形结构；极柱导体24L形结构中，垂直于电池上表面的部分与极耳41 焊接，平行于电池上表面的部分用于电池成组过程中与汇流排焊接，焊接完成后汇流排的上表面不高于电池的上表面；通过以上设计，一方面可以实现最大化利用电池内部空间设计面积更大的电池正负极极片(51、52)，从而实现方壳电池更大容量设计，另一方面，也可实现电池在集成为电池系统过程中电池上表面能够与电池系统的上盖2贴合，实现对电池系统空间的更优利用，提高电池系统集成的体积效率。
本实施例同理可适用于卷芯形式的方壳电池。
本申请提供的方壳电池在串并联组成电池系统时，电池单体串并联使用的铝排可布置在极柱最高点与壳体上表面或者侧表面之间设计预留的空间内，经过这样成组后，壳体上表面或侧表面能够与电池系统上盖或者侧表面贴得更近一些；对比现有的极柱凸出与壳体表面的电池串并联时极柱之间的空间被浪费，电池组成的电池系统空间利用效率显著提升。
相比现有技术，空间利用率显著提高，带来电池系统的体积能量效率显著提高。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本申请作了详尽的描述，但在本申请基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本申请精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本申请要求保护的范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种方壳锂离子电池，其特征在于，包括：电芯以及包覆该电芯的壳体；在该壳体边沿设有凹陷结构，该凹陷结构上设有向电池两侧水平伸出的极柱，该极柱包括正极极柱和负极极柱，所述正极极柱和所述负极极柱均通过对应不同极柱单独设置的导柄与所述电芯连接，所述正极极柱和所述负极极柱的表面到凹陷结构底面的距离小于壳体边沿的表面到凹陷结构底面的距离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种方壳锂离子电池，其特征在于：所述凹陷结构设置为L形结构，该凹陷结构设置在所述壳体相邻两边的结合处。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种方壳锂离子电池，其特征在于：所述凹陷结构呈U形设置，设置在壳体边沿的中部。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种方壳锂离子电池，其特征在于：设置在所述凹陷结构上的正极极柱和负极极柱均呈柱状设置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种方壳锂离子电池，其特征在于：设置在所述凹陷结构上的正极极柱和负极极柱呈L形设置。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种方壳锂离子电池，其特征在于：所述L形设置的正极极柱和负极极柱垂直于壳体上表面部分与所述导柄连接，平行于壳体上表面部分用于在电池成组过程中与汇流排连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1或6任一项所述的一种方壳锂离子电池，其特征在于：所述凹陷结构的深度为ΔH，该深度的尺寸为0mm＜ΔH ≤100mm；所述正极极柱和所述负极极柱的一外表面垂直于该极柱伸出方向，该外表面与壳体相应表面的距离为ΔH1，该距离尺寸为0mm＜ΔH1≤95mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1或6任一项所述的一种方壳锂离子电池，其特征在于：所述凹陷结构的长度为ΔL，该长度尺寸为0mm＜ΔL≤100mm；所述正极极柱和所述负极极柱的一外表面平行于该极柱伸出方向，该外表面与壳体相应表面的距离为ΔL1，该距离尺寸为0mm＜ΔL1≤95mm。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种方壳锂离子电池，其特征在于：所述电芯由若干组极片以叠片形式组成，每组极片由正极极片、负极极片和设置在所述正极极片和所述负极极片之间的隔膜以叠片形式组成，所述正极极片和所述负极极片上均设有凸出的极耳；
    其中，所述正极极片包括正极活性材料层和设置在所述正极材料活性材料层侧表面的正极极耳，该正极极耳用于极片之间的连接；
    所述负极极片包括负极活性材料层和设置在所述负极材料活性材料层侧表面的负极极耳，该负极极耳用于极片之间的连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种方壳锂离子电池，其特征在于：所述导柄包括与所述极柱连接的第一段和与所述电芯连接的第二段。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的一种方壳锂离子电池，其特征在于：所述导柄的第一段和第二段呈L形设置，其中第一段与极柱连接，第二段与电芯的极耳连接。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的一种方壳锂离子电池，其特征在于： 所述导柄呈三段式设置，该导柄由第一段、第二段以及连接第一段和第二段的第三段组成，所述第一段、第二段及第三段的相邻两段互相垂直设置，其中第一段与极柱连接，第二段通过第三段与第一段连接，第二段与电芯极耳连接。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的一种方壳锂离子电池，其特征在于：所述壳体包括壳体主体和设置在所述壳体主体上的上盖。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的一种方壳锂离子电池，其特征在于：所述壳体包括壳体主体和设置在所述壳体主体上的后盖，该壳体主体和后盖均设为凸形结构。
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