WO2023110755A1 - Compositions agrochimiques - Google Patents
Compositions agrochimiques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023110755A1 WO2023110755A1 PCT/EP2022/085406 EP2022085406W WO2023110755A1 WO 2023110755 A1 WO2023110755 A1 WO 2023110755A1 EP 2022085406 W EP2022085406 W EP 2022085406W WO 2023110755 A1 WO2023110755 A1 WO 2023110755A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- active ingredient
- agrochemical active
- continuous phase
- liquid continuous
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 title description 24
- 239000012868 active agrochemical ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- WVQBLGZPHOPPFO-LBPRGKRZSA-N (S)-metolachlor Chemical group CCC1=CC=CC(C)=C1N([C@@H](C)COC)C(=O)CCl WVQBLGZPHOPPFO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005617 S-Metolachlor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005583 Metribuzin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- FOXFZRUHNHCZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N metribuzin Chemical group CSC1=NN=C(C(C)(C)C)C(=O)N1N FOXFZRUHNHCZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- OORLZFUTLGXMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfentrazone Chemical group O=C1N(C(F)F)C(C)=NN1C1=CC(NS(C)(=O)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OORLZFUTLGXMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005578 Mesotrione Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KPUREKXXPHOJQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesotrione Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1C(=O)CCCC1=O KPUREKXXPHOJQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BIKACRYIQSLICJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cloransulam-methyl Chemical group N=1N2C(OCC)=NC(F)=CC2=NC=1S(=O)(=O)NC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1C(=O)OC BIKACRYIQSLICJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical group CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007798 antifreeze agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KTFNPLHWDYECSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-(ethoxymethyl)-n-[2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide Chemical group CCOCN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C(F)(F)F KTFNPLHWDYECSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 aryl triazinone Chemical compound 0.000 description 13
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 4
- VXIVSQZSERGHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CCl VXIVSQZSERGHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010068327 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100028626 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004490 capsule suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004546 suspension concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- VONWPEXRCLHKRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-phenylacetamide Chemical compound ClCC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 VONWPEXRCLHKRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108020001991 Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000005135 Protoporphyrinogen oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- KJAMZCVTJDTESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tiracizine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(C(=O)CN(C)C)C2=CC(NC(=O)OCC)=CC=C21 KJAMZCVTJDTESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- FKKAGFLIPSSCHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecoxydodecane;sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC FKKAGFLIPSSCHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-methyldodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCO XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCRNSBKSAQHNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dibutylnaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(CCCC)=CC(CCCC)=C21 JCRNSBKSAQHNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXJQMKFJQFGQKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[methyl(octadec-9-enoyl)amino]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical group CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CCS(O)(=O)=O GXJQMKFJQFGQKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IULJSGIJJZZUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O IULJSGIJJZZUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940100555 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CASLETQIYIQFTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[[5-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-4-yl]methylsulfonyl]-5,5-dimethyl-4h-1,2-oxazole Chemical compound CN1N=C(C(F)(F)F)C(CS(=O)(=O)C=2CC(C)(C)ON=2)=C1OC(F)F CASLETQIYIQFTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940100484 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical class OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010060806 Photosystem II Protein Complex Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004146 Propane-1,2-diol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001413 acetanilide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlormequat chloride Chemical class [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCl UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DHNRXBZYEKSXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethylisothiazolinone Chemical compound CN1SC(Cl)=CC1=O DHNRXBZYEKSXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L disodium;(2r)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].COC1=CC=CC(C[C@H](CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013020 final formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FOUWCSDKDDHKQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N flumioxazin Chemical compound FC1=CC=2OCC(=O)N(CC#C)C=2C=C1N(C1=O)C(=O)C2=C1CCCC2 FOUWCSDKDDHKQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002949 juvenile hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- BEGLCMHJXHIJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylisothiazolinone Chemical compound CN1SC=CC1=O BEGLCMHJXHIJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003750 molluscacide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002013 molluscicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005645 nematicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008379 phenol ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005552 sodium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004548 suspo-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P13/00—Herbicides; Algicides
- A01P13/02—Herbicides; Algicides selective
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
- A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N37/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof the nitrogen atom being directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. anilides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
Definitions
- the present invention relates to compositions comprising a combination of crop protection compounds, and a method of preparing and the use of such a composition.
- agrochemical compositions need to be sufficiently storage stable so that the agrochemical compositions can be stockpiled until sold or held over to the next year avoiding waste.
- One common challenge for agrochemical compositions is preventing crystallization of agrochemicals within the composition. Crystallization of agrochemicals within a composition can create issues in application by clogging equipment or uneven application. Furthermore, crystallization can lead to settling of the agrochemical, thereby impacting overall physical stability.
- Embodiments include a composition, having a liquid continuous phase, a first agrochemical active ingredient which is insoluble in the liquid continuous phase, a second agrochemical active ingredient which dissolves the first agrochemical active ingredient encapsulated in a permeable capsule, the permeable capsule dispersed within the liquid continuous phase, and a stabilizing amount of the second agrochemical active ingredient free in the liquid continuous phase which dissolves the first agrochemical active ingredient.
- compositions having a liquid continuous phase, a first agrochemical active ingredient which is insoluble in the liquid continuous phase, a solvent which dissolves the first agrochemical active ingredient encapsulated in a permeable capsule, the permeable capsule dispersed within the liquid continuous phase, and a stabilizing amount of the solvent ingredient free in the liquid continuous phase which dissolves the first agrochemical active ingredient.
- Additional embodiments include a method of weed control, by diluting the composition described above and applying an herbicidal amount of the composition to a crop or the locus of the crop.
- Another embodiment disclosed is a method, including encapsulating a second agrochemical active ingredient in a permeable capsule to form a first composition, combining the first composition with the first agrochemical active ingredient to form a composition as defined above.
- FIG. 1 shows images related to crystal growth in SencoralTM and SencorTM.
- FIGs. 2A and 2B are graphs showing particle size over time in a composition of the disclosure and comparison product.
- FIGs. 3A, 3B, and 3C show micrographic images of compositions after two to four weeks at elevated temperature.
- FIGs. 4A and 4B show micrographic images of a composition containing metribuzin and a composition with the subsequent addition of a permeable capsule suspension containing S-metolachlor.
- FIG. 5 shows a micrographic image of a composition of sulfentrazone and a permeable capsule suspension containing S-metolachlor.
- Embodiments described herein may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the elements therein.
- a stabilizing amount refers to an amount of a component which provides stability to the formulation. Such stabilization includes the prevention of unwanted crystal growth/particle agglomeration. In general, this means that the average particle size in the composition does not increase more than 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, or 50% during storage, e.g., at 50°C for 4-weeks.
- the term “permeable,” and the like refers to a material or membrane which allows liquids or gases to pass through it.
- the permeability of the encapsulation material can be controlled through various means, e.g., by the amount of cross-linking to the encapsulation material or the total amount of encapsulation material being used. Permeability may also depend on the specific encapsulating material and material being encapsulated.
- the total amount of encapsulation material e.g., a polymer
- the total amount of encapsulation material can be less than 20% w/w of the total composition, less than 15% w/w of the total composition, less than 10% w/w of the total composition, or less than 5% w/w of the total composition.
- the amount of encapsulation material can be defined relative to the amount of material being encapsulated.
- the w/w ratio of encapsulating material to the material being encapsulated can be 1 :5 to 1 :25, 1 :8 to 1 : 18, 1 : 10 to 1 : 15, or about 1 : 12.
- the permeability of the encapsulation material allows the encapsulated material to be in communication with the continuous phase.
- the permeability of the encapsulation material can allow, e.g, less than 10% w/w, less than 9% w/w, less than 8% w/w, less than 7% w/w, less than 6% w/w, less than 5% w/w, less than 4% w/w, less than 3% w/w, less than 2% w/w, or less than 1% w/w, or any range from these number, e.g., 1 to 10% w/w, 2 to 5% w/w, or 1 to 3% w/w to enter into the continuous phase.
- the amount of encapsulated material can be selected such that the first agrochemical material can be completely solubilized by the encapsulated. This amount can readily be determined based on the solubility of the first agrochemical in the encapsulated material. In certain embodiments, the amount of encapsulated material is less than the total amount able to solubilize the first encapsulated material. Certain embodiments are configured such that the amount of free encapsulated material is less than the total amount necessary to completely solubilize the first agrochemical material, however, the first agrochemical will still be completely solubilized.
- compositions described herein are preferably ‘ZC’ formulations.
- ZCs comprise a stable suspension of capsules (CS) and active ingredient(s) in fluid (SC).
- agrochemical active ingredient includes compounds or ingredients registered as being biologically active against an agricultural pest.
- agrochemical active ingredients include compounds listed in: The Pesticide Manual, 12th edition, 2001, British Crop Protection Council.
- Agrochemicals include, but are not limited to herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, bactericides, insect growth regulators, plant growth regulators, nematicides, molluscicides or mixtures of several of these preparations.
- the total amount of active ingredients is generally in the range of from about 1-60% w/w, preferably 5% to 55% w/w, and most preferably 15% to 35% w/w.
- the amount of each active ingredient is between about 2-40% w/w, preferably about 5-35% w/w, more preferably about 10-30% w/w, and most preferably about 10-20% w/w.
- the total amount of the agrochemicals in the composition is from 0.002% to 5% w/w, preferably 0.01% to 3% w/w, and most preferably 0.02% to 1.75% w/w.
- S-MOC S-metolachlor
- metribuzin metribuzin
- cloransulam-methyl S-MOC
- mesotrione S-metolachlor
- S-MOC is part of the chloroacetanilide family of herbicides, used to control grasses and broad-leafed weeds, often in maize.
- Acetamide herbicides are a group of structurally related herbicides that include acetanilide herbicides (e.g., chloroacetanilide herbicides) and other amide-containing herbicides.
- Metribuzin is an herbicide used both pre- and post-emergence in crops and acts by inhibiting photosynthesis by disrupting photosystem II.
- Cloransulam-methyl is a sulfonamide used as an herbicide for the of post-emergence control of broad-leaved weeds.
- Mesotrione is a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor.
- Sulfentrazone is in the aryl triazinone chemical class of herbicides and controls weeds by inhibiting the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) enzyme in plants
- the S-metolachlor may be present in an amount of from 15 to 55% by weight, such as from 20 to 50% by weight, preferably from 25 to 45% by weight, or even from about 30 to 40% by weight.
- the metribuzin may be present in an amount of from 1 to 20% by weight, such as from 2 to 15% by weight, preferably, from 5 to 10% by weight, or even from 6 to 8% by weight.
- the cloransulam-methyl is present in amount of from 0.01 to 10% by weight, such as from 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.4 to 1% by weight, such as from 0.5 to 0.9% by weight.
- the mesotrione may be present in an amount of from 1 to 20% by weight, such as from 2 to 10% by weight, preferably, about 3% by weight.
- mesotrione can be any one, or combination of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10% by weight.
- the sulfentrazone is present in amount of from 0.01 to 10% by weight, such as from 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 4% by weight, such as from 0.1 to 3% by weight.
- the composition comprises, from 400 to 420 g/L S- metolachlor, from 75 to 78 /L metribuzin, and from 6 to 8 g/L cloransulam-methyl.
- compositions preferably comprise one or more dispersing agents, more preferably the dispersing agent is selected from 2-[methyl-(l-oxo-9-octadecenyl)- amino]-ethanesulfonic acid, and/or lignins; or salts thereof.
- the composition preferably comprises one or more surfactants as wetting agents and/or emulsifiers and/or dispersants.
- the one or more surfactants is/are present in an amount of from 1 to 15% by weight, such as from 2 to 14% by weight, or from 3 to 12% by weight.
- Suitable ionic surfactants are the alkali, alkaline earth and ammonium salts of aromatic sulphonic acids, for example of lignosulphonic acid, phenolsulphonic acid, naphthalenesulphonic acid, dibutylnaphthalenesulphonic acid or of fatty acids, alkyland alkylaryl sulfonates, alkyl sulphates, lauryl ether sulphates and fatty alcohol sulphates, and salts of sulphated hexa-, hepta- and octa-decanols, and of fatty alcohol glycol ethers, condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and its derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or of the naphthalenesulphonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde, polycarboxylates or phosphate esters of alkoxylated alcohols.
- aromatic sulphonic acids for
- Suitable nonionic surfactants are polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ethers, alkoxylated alcohols such as ethoxylated isooctyl-, octyl- or nonyl-phenol, alkylphenyl polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ethers, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, isotridecyl alcohol, fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers or polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetate, sorbitol esters, lignin-sulfite waste liquors and also proteins, denatured proteins, polysaccharides (for example methylcellulose), hydrophobically modified starches, polyvinyl alcohols (for example Mowiol®), polyalkoxylates, polyvinylamines, polyethyleneimines,
- compositions preferably comprise naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt condensed with formaldehyde as a wetting agent.
- Stabilizing agents such as ammonium nitrate, can be present in the composition from, e.g., 0.1 to 2% w/w or about 1% w/w.
- the stabilizing agent can be used in an amount to improve dilution performance.
- compositions can comprise an ethoxylated alcohol as an emulsifier.
- the ethoxylated alcohol has an alkyl chain of from C2 to C30, such as from C5 to C20, from C10 to Ci8, or even from C12 to C15.
- the ethoxylated alcohol may have from 5 to 30, such as from 10 to 25, preferably 20 ethoxylate monomers.
- compositions may comprise an anti-foam agent, preferably polydimethylsiloxane.
- the anti-foam agent is present in an amount of from 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, such as from 0.005 to 0.015% by weight.
- compositions may contain an anti-freeze agent, preferably a glycol, such as propane- 1,2-diol.
- the anti-freeze agent can be present in an amount of from 0.01 to 5% by weight or from 0.1 to 5% by weight, such as from 0.5 to 2% by weight.
- the composition may contain a thickener or rheological modifier, such as xanthan gum.
- the thickener can be present in an amount of from 0.01 to 5% by weight or from 0.01 to 3% by weight, such as from 0.05 to 2% by weight.
- the composition may contain a preservative agent or an anti-bacterial agent, such as 2-bromo-2-nitropropan-l,3-diol, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and/or 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.
- the anti-bacterial agent can be present in amount of from 0.01 to 1% by weight, such as from 0.05 to 0.15% by weight.
- compositions may include other ingredients such as a colourant and a perfume, which are well known to the man skilled in the art.
- compositions can include adjuvants.
- adjuvants are surfactants (e.g. nonionic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric), wetting agents, spreading agents, sticking agents, humectants and penetration agents.
- suitable adjuvants are mineral oils, vegetable oils, fatty acid esters, esters of aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids, alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, alkylamine ethoxylates, ethoxylates of triglycerides, ethoxylates of fatty acids, ethoxylates of fatty acid esters, ethoxylates of sorbitan fatty acid esters, alkyl polyglycosides and silicone-based adjuvants.
- Preferred suitable adjuvants are surfactants which provide improved wetting or improved spray retention properties.
- composition herein can relate to compositions produced in a farmer’s spray tank of water when a concentrate is mixed with water in the spray tank.
- a composition of the present invention may be in the form of a pre-mix formulation, packaged within a single vessel and ready to use directly after dilution.
- use of the composition wherein such use comprises a dilution step prior to application.
- composition can be combined with at least one further active ingredient, typically another agrochemical active ingredient.
- This further agrochemical active ingredient may be in any form, such as EC, SE (suspo-emulsion concentrate) or an SL (soluble liquid).
- the component is encapsulated and provided as a microcapsule suspension in the aqueous phase.
- encapsulated it is meant that the second agrochemical or solvent droplets are contained within a discrete barrier of polyurea which acts as a diffusion barrier.
- This polyurea wall is an asymmetrical membrane formed through in situ polymerization in which the second agrochemical or solvent is able to diffuse through when applied in the field. This membrane is highly cross-linked by the ratio of the monomers used to form it as well as the temperature of reaction used. This is to control the diffusion of the solvent or second agrochemical across it.
- the polyurea wall provides physical stability as well as a chemical balance of the components in the formulation.
- the formation of capsules is based on the Stauffer process.
- isocyanates are provided which react with water to form carbamic acid.
- the carbamic acid decomposes into an amine and CO2, and this amine then reacts with the remaining isocyanate to form polyurea on heating.
- Chloroacetamide microcapsules can be produced in the following manner.
- An aqueous solution comprising appropriate emulsifiers and an optional polyamine is provided in a suitable vessel and stirred at a low speed.
- Preferred emulsifiers are lignosulfonate salts, especially sodium lignosulfonate.
- the organic phase is prepared — which comprises combining the chloroacetanilide herbicide and an appropriate polyisocyanate.
- Preferred isocyanates are blend of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI) — wherein the mixture of MDLTDI is approximately 3: 1.
- the organic phase is then combined with the aqueous phase with continuous mixing.
- the particle size of the emulsion formed by mixing the aqueous and organic phase can range from about 1 micron to up to about 100 microns in diameter. A particle size range from about 7 to about 12 is preferred. A high shear blade can be used to achieve the desired particle size.
- the microcapsules are formed by appropriate heating of the mixture for an appropriate time. Typically, heating the mixture to 65-75°C for approximately 3 hours will suffice.
- the ratio of diisocyanates and the polymerisation temperature should be selected so as to increase the polymer cross linking in order to form a tight capsule around the chloroacetamide and thus minimise the interaction of the chloroacetamide with the HPPD inhibitor or sulfonamide in the final formulation.
- compositions according to the invention were prepared with the components as set out in Table 2, where the S-metolachlor was encapsulated (encapsulating material not provided) and the remaining active ingredients were in the continuous phase.
- the procedure for preparing the ZC is generally described in U.S. Patent 9,468,213. The process generally involves, preparing an aqueous solution having an anionic/nonionic detergent blend (TOXIMUL® 3465F (CAS: 64742-94-5; 91-20-3) and a dispersant (lignosulfonic acid, sodium salt, sulfomethylated (CAS: 68512-34-5)) in water.
- TOXIMUL® 3465F CAS: 64742-94-5; 91-20-3
- dispersant lignosulfonic acid, sodium salt, sulfomethylated
- the latter organic solution is then added to the aqueous solution and an emulsion is formed by the use of a high shear stirrer.
- the dispersed organic phase disperses into droplets that range from 3 to 40 microns in size.
- This emulsion is then heated to 70° C. and held for 4 hours to allow for the formation of microcapsules.
- the solution is then cooled to room temperature.
- Composition 2 showed no increase in particle size, whereas Kyber® (a flumioxazin, pyroxasulfone, metribuzin suspension concentrate (SC)) from Corteva, which was compared to for benchmarking, showed significant particle size growth, as illustrated by FIGs. 2 A, 2B, and Table 3 below.
- Kyber® a flumioxazin, pyroxasulfone, metribuzin suspension concentrate (SC)
- FIG. 3B Further crystal growth studies were done with Composition 1 (FIG. 3B), Composition 2, and Kyber®.
- Composition 2 was made with metribuzin being the only active ingredient (i.e., S-metolachlor and mesotrione were not present).
- An image, at 50-micron scale bar, is provided at FIG. 4A.
- the capsule suspension used in Composition 2 was added.
- FIG. 4B an image at 50-micron scale bar, no metribuzin crystals appeared visible.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
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Citations (10)
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US4280833A (en) | 1979-03-26 | 1981-07-28 | Monsanto Company | Encapsulation by interfacial polycondensation, and aqueous herbicidal composition containing microcapsules produced thereby |
US4285720A (en) | 1972-03-15 | 1981-08-25 | Stauffer Chemical Company | Encapsulation process and capsules produced thereby |
US4534783A (en) | 1984-01-03 | 1985-08-13 | Monsanto Co. | High concentration encapsulation of water soluble-materials |
US4563212A (en) | 1983-12-27 | 1986-01-07 | Monsanto Company | High concentration encapsulation by interfacial polycondensation |
US4640709A (en) | 1984-06-12 | 1987-02-03 | Monsanto Company | High concentration encapsulation by interfacial polycondensation |
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WO2009103455A2 (fr) * | 2008-02-20 | 2009-08-27 | Syngenta Participations Ag. | Formulation herbicide |
US20190200605A1 (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2019-07-04 | Valent U.S.A. Llc | Herbicidal compositions and methods of use thereof |
US20200163331A1 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2020-05-28 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Microencapsulated herbicides |
WO2020160223A1 (fr) * | 2019-01-30 | 2020-08-06 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Herbicides à base d'acétamide microencapsulé |
-
2022
- 2022-12-12 AU AU2022410212A patent/AU2022410212A1/en active Pending
- 2022-12-12 CA CA3240910A patent/CA3240910A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-12-12 WO PCT/EP2022/085406 patent/WO2023110755A1/fr active Application Filing
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US4285720A (en) | 1972-03-15 | 1981-08-25 | Stauffer Chemical Company | Encapsulation process and capsules produced thereby |
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