WO2023108889A1 - 定子结构、电机和电器设备 - Google Patents

定子结构、电机和电器设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023108889A1
WO2023108889A1 PCT/CN2022/077378 CN2022077378W WO2023108889A1 WO 2023108889 A1 WO2023108889 A1 WO 2023108889A1 CN 2022077378 W CN2022077378 W CN 2022077378W WO 2023108889 A1 WO2023108889 A1 WO 2023108889A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
teeth
tooth
adjacent
stator teeth
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/077378
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
冯艳丽
葛梦
李文瑞
Original Assignee
威灵（芜湖）电机制造有限公司
美的威灵电机技术（上海）有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202123183350.0U external-priority patent/CN216356121U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202111552282.2A external-priority patent/CN114157057A/zh
Application filed by 威灵（芜湖）电机制造有限公司, 美的威灵电机技术（上海）有限公司 filed Critical 威灵（芜湖）电机制造有限公司
Publication of WO2023108889A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023108889A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H02K1/2787—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/2788—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of a single magnet or two or more axially juxtaposed single magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H02K1/2787—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/2789—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2791—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H02K1/27915—Magnets shaped to vary the mechanical air gap between the magnets and the stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/52—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of motors, in particular, to a stator structure, a motor and electrical equipment.
  • This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a stator structure.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides an electric motor.
  • the third aspect of the present application provides an electrical device.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a stator structure, including: a stator yoke; at least two stator teeth are arranged on the stator yoke, and there is a notch between the tooth tips of two adjacent stator teeth; wherein, at least Part of the stator teeth includes at least two auxiliary teeth, and there is a groove between two adjacent auxiliary teeth on the same stator tooth. In the circumferential direction of the stator structure, the width of the groove is different from the width of the notch.
  • the stator structure proposed in the present application includes a stator yoke and at least two stator teeth disposed on the stator yoke, specifically, there is a notch between the tooth tips of two adjacent stator teeth.
  • stator teeth are provided with at least two auxiliary teeth, and grooves are formed between adjacent two auxiliary teeth on the same stator tooth.
  • the at least two auxiliary teeth can be used as magnetically conductive components for magnetic conduction, and on the other hand, the auxiliary teeth can also be used as modulating components to realize the function of magnetic field modulation. More harmonic components are introduced into the air gap permeance, so that the performance of the motor is significantly improved.
  • the width of the groove is not equal to the width of the notch.
  • the width of the groove can be set to be unequal to the width of the notch.
  • the uniformity of the distribution of the secondary teeth on the circumference of all stator teeth can be changed, reducing the number of cycles of the air gap permeance.
  • the magnetic density harmonic component generated by modulation will increase, so more working harmonics will be generated, which will further increase the output torque of the motor.
  • auxiliary teeth are arranged on at least part of the stator teeth, and the size of the groove between the adjacent two auxiliary teeth is compared with the size of the notch between the adjacent two stator teeth If it is set to be unequal, the uniformity of the distribution of the auxiliary teeth on the circumference of all stator teeth can be changed, and the period number of the air gap permeance is reduced. By reducing the period number of the air gap permeance, the generated magnetic density harmonic The wave component will increase, so more working harmonics will be generated, which will further increase the output torque of the motor.
  • stator structure According to the stator structure provided by this application, it may also have the following additional technical features:
  • the at least two stator teeth include: at least two first stator teeth, any first stator tooth includes a first tooth body and a first tooth shoe, and one end of the first tooth body is connected to The stator yoke is connected, the first tooth shoe is connected to the other end of the first tooth body, at least two auxiliary teeth are arranged on the first tooth shoe, and the notch is located between two adjacent first tooth shoes.
  • the at least two stator teeth may include at least two first stator teeth, wherein the first stator teeth include a first tooth body and a first tooth shoe, and one end of the first tooth body is connected to the stator yoke connected, the first tooth shoe is connected to the other end of the first tooth body, and at least two auxiliary teeth are arranged on the end of the first tooth shoe away from the first tooth body, so as to realize the arrangement of the auxiliary teeth. That is, all the stator teeth are provided with auxiliary teeth, furthermore, a notch is formed between two adjacent first tooth shoes, and the width of the notch is the same as that of the adjacent two teeth on the same first stator tooth.
  • the width of the grooves between the auxiliary teeth is set to be unequal, so as to ensure the uniformity of the magnetic field distributed in the stator structure and the rotor structure during the operation of the motor, and also to ensure the uniformity of the air gap flux density, thereby Reduce the torque fluctuation during the operation of the motor and ensure the stable operation of the motor.
  • an included angle ⁇ is formed between the tooth body bisectors of two adjacent auxiliary teeth, and satisfies 1 ⁇ /(2 ⁇ /(a ⁇ x)) ⁇ 1.4, wherein, a represents the number of first stator teeth, and x represents the number of auxiliary teeth on each first stator tooth.
  • the angle ⁇ formed between the tooth body bisector of one auxiliary tooth and the tooth body bisector of the other auxiliary tooth satisfies 1 ⁇ /(2 ⁇ / (a ⁇ x)) ⁇ 1.4; wherein, a represents the number of first stator teeth, and x represents the number of secondary teeth on each stator tooth.
  • the present application further optimizes the structure and distribution of the auxiliary teeth, so that the amplitude of the harmonics generated by the modulation of the motor is larger and the torque is higher, so as to further improve the working efficiency of the motor.
  • the auxiliary teeth may only include two that are arranged at both ends of the first tooth shoe, and the number of stator teeth is six.
  • the angle ⁇ between them satisfies 1 ⁇ /(2 ⁇ /(6 ⁇ 2)) ⁇ 1.4. Therefore, the amplitude of the harmonics generated by the modulation of the motor applying the stator structure is larger, and the torque is higher, so as to further improve the working efficiency of the motor.
  • the at least two stator teeth include: at least two first stator teeth, any first stator tooth includes a first tooth body and a first tooth shoe, the first tooth body One end is connected to the stator yoke, the first tooth shoe is connected to the other end of the first tooth body, at least two auxiliary teeth are arranged on the first tooth shoe; at least two second stator teeth are respectively arranged on two adjacent Between two first stator teeth, any second stator tooth includes a second tooth body and a second tooth shoe, one end of the second tooth body is connected to the stator yoke, and the second tooth shoe is connected to the other end of the second tooth body. One end is connected, and the notch is located between the adjacent first tooth shoe and the second tooth shoe.
  • the at least two stator teeth may include at least two first stator teeth and at least two second stator teeth, wherein any first stator tooth includes a first tooth body and a first tooth shoe, One end of the first tooth body is connected to the stator yoke, the first tooth shoe is connected to the other end of the first tooth body, and at least two auxiliary teeth are arranged on the end of the first tooth shoe away from the first tooth body. That is, at least two auxiliary teeth are arranged on the first stator teeth.
  • the second stator tooth includes a second tooth body and a second tooth shoe, and one end of the second tooth body is connected to the stator yoke. That is to say, no auxiliary teeth are provided on the second stator teeth.
  • a notch is formed between adjacent first tooth shoes and second tooth shoes, and the width of the notch is not equal to the width of the groove between two adjacent secondary teeth on the same first stator tooth , so as to ensure the uniformity of the magnetic field distribution and the stator structure and the rotor structure during the operation of the motor, and at the same time ensure the uniformity of the air gap flux density, thereby reducing the torque fluctuation during the operation of the motor and ensuring the stable operation of the motor .
  • the new air gap flux density can be used as the working harmonics of the motor to provide output torque for the motor, thereby effectively improving the torque density of the motor.
  • the number of first stator teeth is a
  • the number of auxiliary teeth on each first stator tooth is x
  • the number of pole pairs of the stator structure is Pa
  • the number of pole pairs of permanent magnets is Pr.
  • an included angle ⁇ is formed between the tooth body bisectors of two adjacent auxiliary teeth, and satisfies 0.5 ⁇ /(2 ⁇ /(a ⁇ x)) ⁇ 1.4, wherein, a represents the number of first stator teeth, and x represents the number of auxiliary teeth on each first stator tooth.
  • At least two first stator teeth and at least two second stator teeth are included based on at least two stator teeth, and at least two pair Teeth, in two adjacent auxiliary teeth, the angle ⁇ formed between the tooth body bisector of one auxiliary tooth and the tooth body bisector of the other auxiliary tooth satisfies 0.5 ⁇ /(2 ⁇ /(a ⁇ x )) ⁇ 1.4; wherein, a represents the number of first stator teeth, and x represents the number of auxiliary teeth on each first stator tooth.
  • the present application further optimizes the structure and distribution of the auxiliary teeth, so that the amplitude of the harmonics generated by the modulation of the motor is larger and the torque is higher, so as to further improve the working efficiency of the motor.
  • the width of the second tooth body is smaller than the width of the first tooth body; and/or the width of the second tooth shoe is smaller than the width of the first tooth shoe.
  • the force on the first tooth shoe of the first stator tooth can be further strengthened.
  • the interaction between the auxiliary teeth and the second stator teeth enhances the effect of magnetic field modulation, thereby further increasing the number of motor modulation blocks and increasing the adjustment space for the coordination of motor pole slots.
  • it can introduce More permeance harmonic components. Further increase the new harmonics that appear in the air gap flux density, and further increase the output torque of the motor.
  • the width of the second tooth body is smaller than the width of the first tooth body, on the basis of increasing the number of modulating blocks, it is also possible to occupy as little area as possible in the winding groove, so as not to affect the number of windings.
  • the width of the second tooth shoe can be set to be smaller than the width of the first tooth shoe, so as to increase the number of modulating blocks while occupying as little area as possible in the winding groove, thus not affecting the placement The number of windings in the winding slot.
  • the width of the second tooth body can be set to be smaller than the width of the first tooth body, and at the same time, the width of the second tooth shoe can be set to be smaller than the width of the first tooth shoe.
  • the first stator teeth and the stator yoke are detachable.
  • a detachable connection between the first tooth body and the first tooth shoe of the first stator tooth and the stator yoke can also be provided, that is, the first tooth body of the first stator tooth
  • a detachable sheathing assembly structure can be set between the stator yoke and the first tooth shoe.
  • connection between the first tooth body of the first stator tooth and the stator yoke may be through a concave-convex structure, that is, a groove or a protrusion is provided at one end of the first tooth body, and correspondingly, a The corresponding position is provided with the groove or the protrusion or the groove that cooperates with the groove, so that the connection between the first tooth body and the stator yoke can be realized through the cooperation of the groove and the protrusion.
  • first tooth body and the first tooth shoe can also be connected through a concave-convex structure, that is, the first tooth shoe and the first tooth body can be connected through mutually matched protrusions and grooves, so as to realize Simplification of winding process.
  • the second stator teeth are detachably connected to the stator yoke.
  • a detachable connection between the second tooth body of the second stator tooth and the stator yoke may also be set, that is, the connection between the second tooth body of the second stator tooth and the stator yoke may be set as Separable sleeve assembly structure.
  • the second tooth body of the second stator tooth and the stator yoke can be connected through a concave-convex structure, that is, a groove or a protrusion is provided at one end of the second tooth body, and correspondingly, the stator yoke Protrusions or grooves that match the grooves or protrusions are arranged at corresponding positions, so that the connection between the second tooth body and the stator yoke can be realized through the cooperation of the grooves and the protrusions.
  • the widths of two adjacent slots are equal; and/or in the circumferential direction of the stator structure, the widths of two adjacent grooves are equal.
  • the widths of two adjacent notches can be set to be equal, that is, a plurality of stator teeth are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the stator yoke, so as to ensure the uniformity of the distribution positions of the stator teeth Reasonability, and then ensure the stable operation of the motor.
  • widths of two adjacent grooves can be set to be equal, that is, on all the stator teeth provided with auxiliary teeth, the widths of the grooves between adjacent two auxiliary teeth are equal, so that the stator can be simplified. Structural manufacturing process improves assembly efficiency.
  • the widths of two adjacent notches can be set to be equal, and at the same time, the widths of two adjacent grooves can also be set to be equal, so as to ensure stable operation of the motor and simplify the assembly process of the stator structure.
  • the stator structure further includes a winding, and the winding includes a plurality of coils, and each coil is arranged on a first stator tooth.
  • the stator structure further includes a winding, and the winding includes a plurality of coils.
  • the coil is wound on the tooth body of the first stator tooth, so as to ensure the output torque when the motor using the stator structure is running.
  • the end of the motor winding is small at this time, which is beneficial to reduce copper loss and facilitates the realization of Modularization improves manufacturing efficiency.
  • no winding is wound on the second tooth of the second stator tooth, so that the physical isolation of each phase winding can be realized, and the mutual inductance between phases is reduced, thereby improving the reliability of the motor operation.
  • the shape of the cross section of the groove may be polygonal or arc-shaped.
  • the shape of the cross section of the groove in the axial direction of the stator structure, can be set as square, triangle or circle according to requirements.
  • a motor including: a rotor structure; and a stator structure according to any one of the above technical solutions.
  • the motor provided by the present application includes a rotor structure and a stator structure in any one of the above technical solutions, wherein at least a part of the stator structure is located in the rotor structure, specifically, the stator structure and the rotor structure are arranged concentrically to ensure that the rotor structure can be relatively It rotates on the stator structure to realize the power output of the motor.
  • a part of the stator structure is located in the rotor structure, and the entire stator structure can also be arranged in the rotor structure in the axial direction, so as to realize different cooperation modes between the permanent magnets of the rotor structure and the windings of the stator structure.
  • the motor provided by the present application includes the stator structure according to the first aspect of the present application. Therefore, it has all the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned stator structure, and will not be discussed in detail here.
  • the rotor structure includes: a rotor core, which is sheathed on the outside of the stator structure; and a permanent magnet, which is disposed on the rotor core.
  • the rotor structure also includes a rotor core and a permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet is arranged on the rotor core, and a plurality of permanent magnet poles are formed by the permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnets can be placed on the outer surface of the rotor core, or placed inside the rotor core, such as V-shaped or spoke-shaped magnet arrangement.
  • the permanent magnets are retained on the inner surface of the rotor core.
  • the permanent magnet pole can be composed of a plurality of permanent magnets with two lateral edges and the inner and outer surfaces are roughly arc-shaped, and can also be an integrally formed magnetic ring.
  • the permanent magnet material can be ferrite, plastic magnet, rare earth permanent magnet or rubber magnetic strip.
  • the number of permanent magnets may include multiple, and the multiple permanent magnets are arranged in sequence on the rotor core, and the polarity directions of the multiple permanent magnets are opposite.
  • the permanent magnet may include a plurality of arc-shaped permanent magnets, the plurality of arc-shaped permanent magnets are distributed in a circular shape, and the polarities of two adjacent arc-shaped permanent magnets are opposite.
  • the permanent magnet includes a plurality of arc-shaped permanent magnets.
  • a plurality of arc-shaped permanent magnets are distributed in a circular shape, and the polarities of two adjacent arc-shaped permanent magnets are different.
  • the number of magnetic poles of each arc-shaped permanent magnet is 1, 2 or 4, and the polarities of adjacent magnetic poles are alternately different.
  • the permanent magnet includes an annular permanent magnet, and the annular permanent magnet is sheathed on the outside of the stator structure.
  • the structure of the permanent magnet may be an integral annular permanent magnet, and the annular permanent magnet is sheathed on the outer wall of the stator structure.
  • the ring-shaped permanent magnet has multiple magnetic poles, the number of permanent magnets can be reduced, the process time for installing the permanent magnets can be reduced, and the manufacturing and assembly efficiency can be improved.
  • the width of the magnetic poles is small, the way of filling multiple poles with one annular permanent magnet can increase the width of the annular permanent magnet and reduce the processing difficulty of the annular permanent magnet.
  • At least two auxiliary teeth are arranged on the first stator tooth among the stator teeth, the number of the first stator teeth is a, and the number of auxiliary teeth on each stator tooth is x , the number of pole pairs of the stator structure is Pa, and the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnet is Pr.
  • stator teeth include the first stator teeth
  • Pa
  • stator teeth include the first stator teeth and the second stator teeth
  • Pa
  • the new harmonic components appearing in the air-gap magnetic density can be used as the working harmonics of the motor to provide output torque for the motor, thus effectively improving the torque of the motor density.
  • an electrical device including the motor according to any one of the above technical solutions.
  • the electrical equipment provided by the present application includes the motor of any one of the above technical solutions, so it has all the beneficial effects of the motor, and will not be repeated here.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a stator structure provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a stator structure provided by another embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural view of a stator structure provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a stator structure provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a motor provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic structural view of the rotor structure in the motor of Fig. 5;
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic structural view of a permanent magnet in a motor according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic structural view of a permanent magnet in a motor according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic structural view of a permanent magnet in a motor according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of changes in the order distribution of air-gap flux density harmonics relative to related technologies during the operation of the motor according to the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of changes in the effective value of the no-load back EMF during the operation of the motor according to the embodiment of the present application relative to the related technology
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the change of the motor efficiency during the operation of the motor according to the embodiment of the present application relative to the related technology.
  • stator structure 102 stator yoke, 104 first stator tooth, 106 first tooth body, 108 first tooth shoe, 110 pair of teeth, 112 second stator tooth, 114 second tooth body, 116 second tooth shoe, 118 stator teeth, 120 slots, 122 grooves, 200 motors, 202 rotor structures, 204 rotor cores, 206 permanent magnets.
  • stator structure, motor and electrical equipment provided according to some embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 12 .
  • a stator structure 100 including a stator yoke 102 and at least two stator teeth 118 disposed on the stator yoke 102, disposed on the stator yoke, There is a notch 120 between the tooth tops of two adjacent stator teeth 118; wherein, at least some of the stator teeth 118 include at least two auxiliary teeth 110, and there is a groove between two adjacent auxiliary teeth 110 on the same stator tooth 118 122 , in the circumferential direction of the stator structure 100 , the width of the groove 122 is not equal to the width of the notch 120 .
  • the stator structure 100 proposed in this application includes a stator yoke 102 and at least two stator teeth 118 disposed on the stator yoke 102 , specifically, there is a notch 120 between the tops of two adjacent stator teeth 118 .
  • stator teeth 118 are provided with at least two auxiliary teeth 110, through the arrangement of the at least two auxiliary teeth 110, on the one hand, the at least two auxiliary teeth 110 can be used as magnetic conductive parts for magnetic conduction, on the one hand, the auxiliary teeth 110
  • the tooth 110 can also be used as a modulation component to realize the function of magnetic field modulation. More harmonic components are introduced into the air gap permeance, so that the performance of the motor is significantly improved.
  • the width of the groove 122 is not equal to the width of the notch 120 .
  • the width of the groove 122 may be set to be unequal to the width of the notch 120 .
  • H1 in Figure 10 indicates that when the size of the groove 122 and the notch 120 are equal, the air gap magnetic density harmonic The distribution of times is mainly distributed as 2, 10, 14, 22, 26, etc.
  • H2 in Fig. 10 indicates that when the size of the groove 122 and the notch 120 are not equal, the distribution of the harmonic times of the air-gap flux density is shown in Fig. 10. It can be seen that by setting the sizes of the groove 122 and the notch 120 to be different, the number of air-gap permeance cycles is reduced to 6, and the number of air-gap magnetic density harmonic cycles is additionally increased by 4, 8, 16, 28, etc. , so more working harmonics will be generated, which will further increase the output torque of the motor.
  • H5 indicates that when the size of the groove 122 and the notch 120 are equal, the efficiency of the motor is 82.38%, and H6 indicates that when the size of the groove 122 and the notch 120 are set to be unequal, the efficiency of the motor is 84.40%. , it can be seen that by setting the sizes of the groove 122 and the notch 120 to be different, the efficiency of the motor is significantly improved.
  • the stator structure 100 provided in the present application is provided with at least two auxiliary teeth 110 on at least part of the tooth shoes of the stator teeth 118, and the size of the groove 122 between the adjacent two auxiliary teeth 110 is
  • the size of the notch 120 between a tooth shoe 108 is set to be unequal, which can change the uniformity of the distribution of the auxiliary teeth 110 on all the stator teeth 118 on the circumference, and reduces the number of cycles of the air gap permeance. As the number of gap permeance cycles decreases, the flux density harmonic components generated by modulation will increase, so more working harmonics will be generated, which will further increase the output torque of the motor.
  • At least two stator teeth 118 include: at least two first stator teeth 104, and any first stator tooth 104 includes a first tooth body 106 and a first A tooth shoe 108, one end of the first tooth body 106 is connected to the stator yoke, the first tooth shoe 108 is connected to the other end of the first tooth body 106, at least two auxiliary teeth 110 are arranged on the first tooth shoe 108, The slot 120 is located between two adjacent first tooth shoes 108 .
  • the at least two stator teeth 118 may include at least two first stator teeth 104, wherein the first stator tooth 104 includes a first tooth body 106 and a first tooth shoe 108, and one end of the first tooth body 106 is connected to The stator yoke is connected, the first tooth shoe 108 is connected to the other end of the first tooth body 106, and at least two auxiliary teeth 110 are arranged on the end of the first tooth shoe 108 away from the first tooth body 106, so as to realize the auxiliary The setting of the teeth 110 .
  • stator teeth 118 are provided with auxiliary teeth 110, furthermore, a notch 120 is formed between two adjacent first tooth shoes 108, and the width of the notch 120 is the same as that of the same first stator tooth.
  • the width of the groove 122 between two adjacent auxiliary teeth 110 on 104 is set to be unequal, so as to ensure the uniformity of the magnetic field distributed in the stator structure 100 and the rotor structure 202 during the operation of the motor, and also to Ensure the uniformity of the air gap magnetic density, thereby reducing the torque fluctuation during the operation of the motor and ensuring the stable operation of the motor.
  • an included angle ⁇ is formed between the tooth body bisectors of two adjacent secondary teeth, and satisfies 1 ⁇ /(2 ⁇ /(a ⁇ x)) ⁇ 1.4, wherein a represents the number of first stator teeth 104 , and x represents the number of auxiliary teeth 110 on each first stator tooth 104 .
  • the angle ⁇ formed between the tooth body bisector L3 of one auxiliary tooth and the tooth body bisector L4 of the other auxiliary tooth satisfies 1 ⁇ /(2 ⁇ /( a ⁇ x)) ⁇ 1.4; where, a represents the number of stator teeth, and x represents the number of auxiliary teeth on each stator tooth.
  • the present application further optimizes the structure and distribution of the auxiliary teeth, so that the amplitude of the harmonics generated by the modulation of the motor is larger and the torque is higher, so as to further improve the working efficiency of the motor.
  • the auxiliary teeth may only include two that are arranged at both ends of the first tooth shoe, and the number of stator teeth is 6.
  • the tooth body bisector L3 of one auxiliary tooth bisects the tooth body of the other auxiliary tooth
  • the angle ⁇ between the lines L4 satisfies 1 ⁇ /(2 ⁇ /(6 ⁇ 2)) ⁇ 1.4.
  • At least two stator teeth 118 include: at least two first stator teeth 104, and any first stator tooth 104 includes a first tooth body 106 and The first tooth shoe 108, one end of the first tooth body 106 is connected to the stator yoke, the first tooth shoe 108 is connected to the other end of the first tooth body 106, at least two auxiliary teeth 110 are arranged on the first tooth shoe 108
  • the at least two stator teeth 118 may include at least two first stator teeth 104 and at least two second stator teeth 112, wherein any first stator tooth 104 includes a first tooth body 106 and The first tooth shoe 108, one end of the first tooth body 106 is connected to the stator yoke, the first tooth shoe 108 is connected to the other end of the first tooth body 106, and at least two auxiliary teeth 110 are arranged on the first tooth An end of the boot 108 away from the first tooth body 106 . That is, at least two auxiliary teeth 110 are disposed on the first stator teeth 104 .
  • the second stator tooth 112 is arranged between two adjacent first stator teeth 104 respectively, that is, the first stator teeth 104 and the second stator teeth 112 are alternately arranged.
  • the second stator tooth 112 includes a second tooth body 114 and a second tooth shoe 116 , and one end of the second tooth body 114 is connected to the stator yoke. That is, the auxiliary teeth 110 are not provided on the second stator teeth 112 .
  • the number of motor modulation blocks is further increased, which increases the adjustment space for motor pole-slot coordination.
  • more permeance harmonic components can be introduced.
  • new harmonic components will appear in the air-gap flux density, which will further increase the output torque of the motor.
  • a notch 120 is formed between adjacent first tooth shoes 108 and second tooth shoes 116, and the width of the notch 120 is the same as that between two adjacent auxiliary teeth 110 on the same first stator tooth 104.
  • the widths of the grooves 122 are unequal, which can ensure the uniformity of the magnetic field distributed in the stator structure 100 and the rotor structure 202 during the operation of the motor, and can also ensure the uniformity of the air gap flux density, thereby reducing the motor during operation.
  • the fluctuation of torque ensures the stable operation of the motor.
  • the air gap flux density ⁇ a ⁇ (x+1) ⁇ Pr
  • the air gap flux density ⁇ a ⁇ (x+1) ⁇ Pr
  • the air gap flux density ⁇ a ⁇ (x+1) ⁇ Pr
  • the number of first stator teeth 104 is a
  • the number of auxiliary teeth 110 on each first stator tooth 104 is x
  • the number of pole pairs of the stator structure 100 is Pa
  • the number of pole pairs of permanent magnets is Pr.
  • an angle ⁇ is formed between the tooth body bisectors of two adjacent auxiliary teeth 110, and satisfies 0.5 ⁇ /(2 ⁇ /(a ⁇ x)) ⁇ 1.4, wherein, a represents the number of first stator teeth 104 , and x represents the number of auxiliary teeth on each first stator tooth 104 .
  • the present application further optimizes the structure and distribution of the auxiliary teeth, so that the amplitude of the harmonics generated by the modulation of the motor is larger and the torque is higher, so as to further improve the working efficiency of the motor.
  • the width of the second tooth body 114 is smaller than the width of the first tooth body 106; and/or the width of the second tooth shoe 116 is smaller than that of the first tooth Boot 108 width.
  • the first stator tooth 104 can be further strengthened.
  • the interaction between the auxiliary teeth 110 on the tooth shoe 108 and the second stator teeth 112 enhances the effect of magnetic field modulation, so that the number of motor modulation blocks is further increased, and the adjustment space for motor pole-slot matching is increased.
  • Conventional permanent magnet field modulation motors can introduce more permeance harmonic components. Further increase the new harmonics that appear in the air gap flux density, and further increase the output torque of the motor.
  • the width of the second tooth body 114 is smaller than the width of the first tooth body 106, on the basis of increasing the number of modulation blocks, the area of the winding groove can be occupied as little as possible, so as not to affect the The number of windings for the slot.
  • the width of the second tooth shoe 116 can be set to be smaller than the width of the first tooth shoe 108, so as to increase the number of modulating blocks while occupying as little area as possible of the winding groove, so as not to Affects the number of windings placed in the winding slot.
  • the width of the second tooth body 114 can be set to be smaller than the width of the first tooth body 106 , and at the same time, the width of the second tooth shoe 116 can be set to be smaller than the width of the first tooth shoe 108 .
  • the first stator teeth 104 are detachable from the stator yoke.
  • the detachable connection between the first tooth body 106 and the first tooth shoe 108 of the first stator tooth 104 and the stator yoke can also be set, that is, the first tooth of the first stator tooth 104
  • the body 106, the stator yoke and the first tooth shoe 108 can be arranged as a detachable sheath assembly structure.
  • the first stator teeth 104 can be first A winding is wound on the tooth body 106 , and then one end of the first tooth body 106 is connected to the stator yoke, and finally the first tooth shoe 108 is installed on the other end of the first tooth body 106 . It also realizes the simplified winding process in the assembly process of the stator structure 100 , reduces the difficulty of winding, improves the slot filling rate of the winding, improves the output performance of the motor, and can reduce waste and waste of materials at the same time.
  • connection between the first tooth body 106 of the first stator tooth 104 and the stator yoke may be through a concavo-convex structure, that is, a groove or a protrusion is provided at one end of the first tooth body 106, correspondingly, in Corresponding positions of the stator yoke are provided with protrusions or grooves that match the grooves or protrusions, so that the connection between the first tooth body 106 and the stator yoke can be realized through the cooperation of the grooves and protrusions.
  • connection between the first tooth body 106 and the first tooth shoe 108 can also be made through a concave-convex structure, that is, between the first tooth shoe 108 and the first tooth body 106 through mutual cooperation.
  • the bumps and grooves are connected to simplify the winding process.
  • the second stator teeth 112 are detachably connected to the stator yoke 102 .
  • a detachable connection between the second tooth body 114 of the second stator tooth 112 and the stator yoke 102 can also be set, that is, the second tooth body 114 of the second stator tooth 112 and the stator yoke
  • the parts 102 can be arranged as a detachable sleeve assembly structure.
  • the simplified winding process in the assembly process of the stator structure 100 is realized, the difficulty of winding is reduced, the slot filling rate of the winding is improved, the output performance of the motor is improved, and waste materials and waste of materials can be reduced at the same time.
  • connection between the second tooth body 114 of the second stator tooth 112 and the stator yoke 102 may be through a concave-convex structure, that is, a groove or a protrusion is provided at one end of the second tooth body 114, and correspondingly, the The corresponding position of the stator yoke 102 is provided with a protrusion or a groove that matches the groove or the protrusion, so that the connection between the second tooth body 114 and the stator yoke 102 can be realized through the cooperation of the groove and the protrusion.
  • the stator structure 100 includes at least two stacked bodies, any stacked body includes a yoke section and a first stator tooth 104, and the first stator tooth 104 is arranged on the yoke section, and two adjacent stacked bodies
  • the stator yoke 102 includes a plurality of yoke segments.
  • the stator structure 100 includes at least two stacked bodies, and the stator structure 100 is manufactured by stacking at least two stacked bodies.
  • workers can first perform operations such as winding wires on a single stack.
  • the operation space of the stacked body proposed by the present application is larger, which is beneficial to reduce the difficulty of winding, thereby improving the working efficiency of winding and reducing the cost of materials.
  • the present application can first perform operations such as winding on a single stacked body, which can effectively increase the number of windings, increase the slot fill rate of the windings, and improve the output performance of the motor using the stator structure 100 .
  • the present application can reduce the scrap rate during the winding process, thereby reducing scrap and improving the cost rate of the stator structure 100 .
  • the individual stacked body has lower requirements on materials, which can improve the utilization rate of iron core materials, thereby reducing the material cost of the stator structure 100 .
  • the yoke sections of two adjacent stacked bodies are detachably connected; the stator structure 100 further includes a fixing member, and two adjacent stacked bodies are fixed by the fixing member.
  • the yoke sections of two adjacent stacked bodies are detachably connected, thereby ensuring the disassembly and assembly of the two adjacent stacked bodies.
  • the stator structure 100 may include a first connection part and a second connection part.
  • the first connection part is arranged at the first end of the yoke section
  • the second connection part is arranged at the second end of the yoke section
  • the first end and the second end are oppositely arranged on the yoke section.
  • the structures of the first connecting part and the second connecting part match, and the cooperation between the first connecting part and the second connecting part can realize self-locking. Therefore, in the process of splicing stacked bodies, the present application can connect two adjacent stacked bodies through the first connecting part and the second connecting part, including the detachable connection of two adjacent stacked bodies.
  • one of the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion is a convex portion, and the other is a concave portion.
  • the shape of the convex part matches the shape of the concave part, and the convex part and the concave part can be detachably connected, and have a self-locking function.
  • the recesses include, but are not limited to, the following structures: polygonal grooves, circular grooves, and elliptical grooves; the shape of the convex portion matches the shape of the concave portion.
  • stator structure 100 further includes a fixing member, and two adjacent stacked bodies are fixed by the fixing member.
  • the overall structure is further fixed by a fixing member, thereby further improving the structural stability of the spliced stacked body.
  • the fixing member can use an insulating frame, so that the insulating frame can also fix the stacked body on the basis of ensuring insulation, thereby realizing the multi-purpose of the insulating frame.
  • two adjacent stacked bodies are connected by welding. in. After the splicing of two adjacent stacked bodies is completed, the present application further fixes the overall structure by means of welding, thereby further improving the structural stability of the spliced stacked bodies.
  • two adjacent stacked bodies are integrally injected. That is, after the splicing of two adjacent stacked bodies is completed, the present application further fixes the overall structure by integral injection molding, thereby further improving the structural stability of the spliced stacked bodies.
  • the widths of two adjacent slots 120 are equal; and/or in the circumferential direction of the stator structure 100, the widths of two adjacent grooves 122 equal.
  • the widths of two adjacent slots 120 can be set to be equal, that is, a plurality of stator teeth 118 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the stator yoke, thereby ensuring that the stator teeth 118
  • the rationality of the distribution position ensures the stable operation of the motor.
  • the widths of two adjacent grooves 122 can be set to be equal, that is, on all stator teeth 118 provided with auxiliary teeth 110, the widths of grooves 122 between adjacent two auxiliary teeth 110 are equal , so that the manufacturing process of the stator structure 100 can be simplified and the assembly efficiency can be improved.
  • the widths of two adjacent notches 120 can be set to be equal, and at the same time, the widths of two adjacent grooves 122 can also be set to be equal, so as to ensure stable operation of the motor and simplify the assembly process of the stator structure 100 .
  • the stator structure 100 further includes a winding, and the winding includes a plurality of coils, and each coil is arranged on a first stator tooth 104 .
  • the stator structure 100 also includes a winding including a plurality of coils.
  • the coil is wound on the tooth body of a first stator tooth 104 to ensure the output torque when the motor using the stator structure 100 is running.
  • the end of the motor winding is small at this time, which is beneficial to reduce copper loss and facilitates Realize modularization and improve manufacturing efficiency.
  • no winding is wound on the second tooth body 114 of the second stator tooth 112 , so that the windings of each phase can be physically isolated, the mutual inductance between phases is reduced, and the reliability of the motor operation is improved.
  • the shape of the cross section of the groove 122 may be polygonal or arc-shaped.
  • a motor 200 including: a rotor structure 202; a stator structure 100 as in any one of the above technical solutions, at least a part of the stator structure 100 is located Inside the rotor structure 202.
  • the motor 200 provided by this application includes a rotor structure 202 and a stator structure 100 according to any one of the above technical solutions, wherein at least a part of the stator structure 100 is located in the rotor structure 202, specifically, the stator structure 100 and the rotor structure 202 are arranged concentrically , so as to ensure that the rotor structure 202 can rotate relative to the stator structure 100 to realize the power output of the motor 200 .
  • stator structure 100 a part of the stator structure 100 is located in the rotor structure 202, and the stator structure 100 can also be arranged in the rotor structure 202 as a whole in the axial direction, so as to realize different coordination between the permanent magnets of the rotor structure 202 and the windings of the stator structure 100 Way.
  • the motor 200 provided in the present application includes the stator structure 100 according to the first aspect of the present application. Therefore, all the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned stator structure 100 are available, and will not be discussed in detail here.
  • the rotor structure 202 includes: a rotor core 204, the rotor core 204 is set outside the stator structure 100; a permanent magnet 206 is set on the rotor On the iron core 204.
  • the rotor structure 202 also includes a rotor core 204 and permanent magnets 206 .
  • the permanent magnet 206 is disposed on the rotor core 204 , and a plurality of permanent magnet poles are formed by the permanent magnet 206 .
  • the permanent magnets 206 can be placed on the outer surface of the rotor core 204, or placed inside the rotor core 204, such as a V-shaped, spoke-shaped magnet arrangement way etc.
  • the permanent magnets 206 are retained on the inner surface of the rotor core 204 while at least a portion of the stator structure 100 is located inside the rotor structure 202 .
  • the permanent magnet poles can be composed of a plurality of permanent magnets 206 with two lateral edges and the inner and outer surfaces are roughly arc-shaped, and can also be an integrally formed magnetic ring.
  • the material of the permanent magnet 206 may be ferrite, plastic magnet, rare earth permanent magnet or rubber magnetic strip.
  • the number of permanent magnets 206 is multiple, and the polarities of adjacent permanent magnets 206 are oppositely set.
  • the number of permanent magnets 206 may include multiple, the multiple permanent magnets 206 are arranged in sequence on the rotor core 204 , and the polarity directions of the multiple permanent magnets 206 are opposite.
  • the permanent magnet 206 may include a plurality of arc-shaped permanent magnets 206, the plurality of arc-shaped permanent magnets 206 are distributed in a circular shape, and the polarities of two adjacent arc-shaped permanent magnets 206 are opposite.
  • an included angle ⁇ is formed between the center of the stator yoke 102 and the two ends of the permanent magnet 206.
  • the existence of the included angle can further change the air gap permeance process and enhance the magnetic field modulation effect , the amplitude of the working sub-flux density harmonic increases, which further improves the torque of the motor 200 using the sub-rotor structure 202, thus avoiding the reduction in the number of magnetic poles after the use of alternating poles in the traditional permanent magnet motor 200, and the magnetic field
  • the amplitude of the fundamental wave drops, causing the problem of torque drop.
  • the permanent magnet 206 includes a plurality of arc-shaped permanent magnets.
  • a plurality of arc-shaped permanent magnets are distributed in a circular shape, and the polarities of two adjacent arc-shaped permanent magnets are different.
  • the number of magnetic poles of each arc-shaped permanent magnet is 1, 2 or 4, and the polarities of adjacent magnetic poles are alternately different.
  • the permanent magnet 206 includes an integral annular permanent magnet.
  • the annular permanent magnet has multiple magnetic poles, the number of permanent magnets 206 can be reduced, the process time for installing the permanent magnets 206 can be reduced, and the manufacturing and assembly efficiency can be improved.
  • the width of the magnetic poles is small, the way of filling multiple poles with one annular permanent magnet can increase the width of the annular permanent magnet and reduce the processing difficulty of the annular permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnets 206 can be arranged in a Halbach array.
  • auxiliary teeth 110 are arranged on the first stator tooth 104 among the stator teeth 118, the number of the first stator teeth 104 is a, and the auxiliary teeth 110 on each stator tooth 118
  • the number of teeth 110 is x
  • the number of pole pairs of the stator structure 100 is Pa
  • the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnets is Pr.
  • stator teeth 118 include the first stator teeth 104 and the second stator teeth 112 .
  • Pa
  • the new harmonic components appearing in the air-gap flux density can be used as the working harmonics of the motor to provide output torque for the motor, thus effectively improving the torque of the motor density.
  • an electrical device including the motor 200 according to any one of the above technical solutions.
  • the electrical equipment provided by the present application includes the motor 200 of any one of the above technical solutions, wherein an uneven air gap can be formed between the stator structure 100 and the rotor structure 202 of the motor 200, which can improve the waveform of the air gap magnetic field, On the basis of reducing the cogging torque and torque fluctuation of the motor 200 and improving the reliability of the motor 200 , it also ensures the uniformity of the magnetic field distribution of the motor 200 during operation and the stability of the motor 200 during operation. This ensures the stability of electrical equipment during operation.
  • the electrical equipment may include an air conditioner, a washing machine, or a vacuum cleaner.
  • connection refers to two or more than two.
  • connection can be fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected or through an intermediate The medium is indirectly connected.

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Abstract

本申请提出了一种定子结构、电机和电器设备，其中，定子结构包括：定子轭部；至少两个定子齿，设置于定子轭部上，相邻两个定子齿的齿顶之间具有槽口；其中，至少部分定子齿包括至少两个副齿，同一定子齿上相邻两个副齿之间具有凹槽，在定子结构的周向上，凹槽的宽度与槽口的宽度不等。本申请提供的定子结构将两个副齿之间的凹槽的尺寸与相邻两个定子齿之间的槽口的尺寸设置为不相等，可以改变所有定子齿上的副齿在圆周上分布的均匀程度，减小了气隙磁导的周期数，增加磁密谐波分量，使得电机输出转矩进一步提升。

Description

定子结构、电机和电器设备
本申请要求于2021年12月17日提交到中国国家知识产权局、申请号为“202111552282.2”，申请名称为“定子结构、电机和电器设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请要求于2021年12月17日提交到中国国家知识产权局、申请号为“202123183350.0”，申请名称为“定子结构、电机和电器设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电机技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种定子结构、电机和电器设备。
背景技术
相关技术中，电机运行过程中，如何减小定子结构与转子结构间的气隙磁导的周期数，增加磁密谐波分量，从而提升电机输出转矩，成为亟待解决的问题。
申请内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。
为此，本申请第一方面提供了一种定子结构。
本申请的第二方面提供了一种电机。
本申请的第三方面提供了一种电器设备。
本申请的第一方面提供了一种定子结构，包括：定子轭部；至少两个定子齿，设置于定子轭部上，相邻两个定子齿的齿顶之间具有槽口；其中，至少部分定子齿包括至少两个副齿，同一定子齿上相邻两个副齿之间具有凹槽，在定子结构的周向上，凹槽的宽度与槽口的宽度不等。
本申请所提出的定子结构，包括定子轭部以及设置于定子轭部上的至少两个定子齿，具体地，相邻两个定子齿的齿顶之间具有槽口。
进一步的，至少部分定子齿上设置有至少两个副齿，同一定子齿上相邻两个副齿之间具有凹槽。通过至少两个副齿的设置，一方面，至少两个副齿可以作为导磁部件进行导磁，一方面，副齿还可作为调制部件，实现磁场调制的作用。使得气隙磁导中引入较多的谐波分量，这样，使得电机的性能得到了明显的提升。
进一步的，在定子结构的周向上，凹槽的宽度与槽口的宽度不等。具体地，在定子结构的圆周方向上，可以将凹槽的宽度设置为与槽口的宽度设置为不相等。通过将凹槽与槽口的尺寸设置为不等，可以改变所有定子齿上的副齿在圆周上分布的均匀程度，减小了气隙磁导的周期数，通过将气隙磁导周期数减小，调制生成的磁密谐波分量将增加，因此会产生更多的工作谐波，使得电机输出转矩进一步提升。
本申请提供的定子结构，通过在至少部分定子齿上设置至少两个副齿，并且将相邻两个副齿之间的凹槽的尺寸与相邻两个定子齿之间的槽口的尺寸设置为不相等，可以改变所有定子齿上的副齿在圆周上分布的均匀程度，减小了气隙磁导的周期数，通过将气隙磁导周期数减小，调制生成的磁密谐波分量将增加，因此会产生更多的工作谐波，使得电机输出转矩进一步提升。
根据本申请提供的定子结构，还可以具有以下附加技术特征：
在上述技术方案中，进一步的，至少两个定子齿包括：至少两个第一定子齿，任一第一定子齿包括第一齿身和第一齿靴，第一齿身的一端与定子轭部相连接，第一齿靴与第一齿身的另一端相连接，至少两个副齿设置于第一齿靴上，槽口位于相邻两个第一齿靴之间。
在该技术方案中，至少两个定子齿可以包括至少两个第一定子齿，其中，第一定子齿包括第一齿身和第一齿靴，第一齿身的一端与定子轭部相连接，第一齿靴与第一齿身的另一端相连接，进而将至少两个副齿设置于第一齿靴远离第一齿身的一端，以实现副齿的设置。也即，所有定子齿上均设置有副齿，进一步地，在相邻两个第一齿靴之间形成槽口，并且，槽口的宽度与同一个第一定子齿上的相邻两个副齿之间的凹槽的宽度设置为不相等，从而可以保证电机运行过程中分布与定子结构以及转子结构之中的磁场的均匀性，同时也可以保 证气隙磁密的均匀性，从而降低电机运行过程中转矩的波动，保证电机稳定运行。
在上述任一技术方案中，进一步的，在同一个第一定子齿上，相邻两个副齿的齿身平分线之间形成夹角β，且满足1≤β/(2π/(a×x))＜1.4，其中，a表示第一定子齿的数量，x表示每一个第一定子齿上副齿的数量。
在该技术方案中，在相邻两个副齿中，一个副齿的齿身平分线与另一个副齿的齿身平分线之间的形成夹角β，并且满足1≤β/(2π/(a×x))＜1.4；其中，a表示第一定子齿的数量，x表示每一个定子齿上副齿的数量。这样，本申请进一步对副齿的结构以及分布进行优化，使得应用该电机调制生成的谐波幅值较大，转矩较高，以进一步提升电机的工作效率。
具体地，副齿可以仅包括设置于第一齿靴两端的两个，并且定子齿的数量为6个，相应地，其中一个副齿的齿身平分线与另一个副齿的齿身平分线之间的夹角β满足1≤β/(2π/(6×2))＜1.4。以使得应用该定子结构的电机调制生成的谐波幅值较大，转矩较高，以进一步提升电机的工作效率。
在上述任一技术方案中，进一步的，至少两个定子齿包括：至少两个第一定子齿，任一第一定子齿包括第一齿身和第一齿靴，第一齿身的一端与定子轭部相连接，第一齿靴与第一齿身的另一端相连接，至少两个副齿设置于第一齿靴上；至少两个第二定子齿，分别设置于相邻两个第一定子齿之间，任一第二定子齿包括第二齿身和第二齿靴，第二齿身的一端与定子轭部相连接，第二齿靴与第二齿身的另一端相连接，槽口位于相邻的第一齿靴和第二齿靴之间。
在该技术方案中，至少两个定子齿可以包括至少两个第一定子齿和至少两个第二定子齿，其中，任一第一定子齿包括第一齿身和第一齿靴，第一齿身的一端与定子轭部相连接，第一齿靴与第一齿身的另一端相连接，并且，至少两个副齿设置于第一齿靴上远离第一齿身的一端。也即，在第一定子齿上设置有至少两个副齿。
进一步地，至少两个第二定子齿分别设置于相邻两个第一定子齿之间，也即第一定子齿和第二定子齿交替设置。具体地，第二定子齿包括第二齿身和第二齿靴，第二齿身的一端与定子轭部相连接。也即，在第二定子齿上未设置有副齿。通过在相邻的第一定子齿之间设置第二定子齿，使得第一定子齿的第一 齿靴上的副齿和第二定子齿共同作为电机的磁场调制部件，实现磁场调制的作用。此时，电机调制块数量进一步增加，使得电机极槽配合的调节空间增加，相较于常规永磁磁场调制电机能够引入更多的磁导谐波分量。当永磁磁动势和含有谐波的气隙磁导作用时，气隙磁密中会出现新的谐波成分，进而使得电机输出转矩进一步提升。
并且，相邻的第一齿靴和第二齿靴之间形成槽口，槽口的宽度与位于同一个第一定子齿上的相邻两个副齿之间的凹槽的宽度不相等，从而可以保证电机运行过程中分布与定子结构以及转子结构之中的磁场的均匀性，同时也可以保证气隙磁密的均匀性，从而降低电机运行过程中转矩的波动，保证电机稳定运行。
进一步地，而当定子结构的极对数和转子结构的永磁体的极对数之间满足关系式：Pa＝∣a×(x+1)±Pr∣时，气隙磁密中出现的新的谐波成分可作为电机的工作谐波，为电机提供输出转矩，从而有效提升了电机的转矩密度。其中，第一定子齿的数量为a，每个第一定子齿上的副齿的数量为x，定子结构的极对数为Pa，永磁体的极对数为Pr。
在上述任一技术方案中，进一步的，在同一个第一定子齿上，相邻两个副齿的齿身平分线之间形成夹角β，且满足0.5≤β/(2π/(a×x))＜1.4，其中，a表示第一定子齿的数量，x表示每一个第一定子齿上副齿的数量。
在该技术方案中，基于至少两个定子齿包括至少两个第一定子齿和至少两个第二定子齿，并且，在第一定子齿的第一齿靴上设置有至少两个副齿，在相邻两个副齿中，一个副齿的齿身平分线与另一个副齿的齿身平分线之间的形成夹角β，并且满足0.5≤β/(2π/(a×x))＜1.4；其中，a表示第一定子齿的数量，x表示每一个第一定子齿上副齿的数量。这样，本申请进一步对副齿的结构以及分布进行优化，使得应用该电机调制生成的谐波幅值较大，转矩较高，以进一步提升电机的工作效率。
在上述任一技术方案中，进一步的，第二齿身的宽度小于第一齿身的宽度；和/或第二齿靴的宽度小于第一齿靴的宽度。
在该技术方案中，通过将第二定子齿的第二齿身的宽度设置为小于第一定子齿的第一齿身的宽度，可以进一步加强第一定子齿的第一齿靴上的副齿和第 二定子齿之间的共同作用，以增强磁场调制的作用，从而使得电机调制块数量进一步增加，使得电机极槽配合的调节空间增加，相较于常规永磁磁场调制电机能够引入更多的磁导谐波分量。进一步增加气隙磁密中所出现的新的谐波，进而进一步使得电机输出转矩进一步提升。另外，通过将第二齿身的宽度设置为小于第一齿身的宽度，在增加调制块数量的基础上，还能够尽可能少的占用绕线槽的面积，从而不影响放置于绕线槽的绕组数量。
进一步地，第二齿靴的宽度可以设置为小于第一齿靴的宽度，从而同样能够实现在增加调制块数量的基础上，还能够尽可能少的占用绕线槽的面积，从而不影响放置于绕线槽的绕组数量。
具体地，可以将第二齿身的宽度设置为小于第一齿身的宽度，同时，将第二齿靴的宽度设置为小于第一齿靴的宽度。
在上述任一技术方案中，进一步地，第一定子齿与定子轭部可拆卸。
在该技术方案中，通过将第一定子齿的第一齿身和第一齿靴与定子轭部之间也可以设置为可拆卸连接，也即，第一定子齿的第一齿身与定子轭部和第一齿靴之间可以设置为可分离的套设组装结构。通过第一齿身、第一齿靴以及定子轭部之间的可分离套设组装结构的设置，再进行定子结构的组装过程中，可以先在第一定子齿的第一齿身上绕制绕组，然后在将第一齿身的一端与定子轭部相连接，最后将第一齿靴安装至第一齿身的另一端。同样实现了定子结构组装过程中的简化绕线工艺，降低绕线的难度，提高绕组的槽满率，提升电机输出性能，同时能够减少废料，减少物料的浪费。
进一步地，第一定子齿的第一齿身与定子轭部之间可以通过凹凸结构进行连接，也即，在第一齿身的一端设置凹槽或者凸起，相应地，在定子轭部的相应位置上设置于凹槽或凸起相配合的凸起或凹槽，从而可以通过凹槽和凸起的配合实现第一齿身与定子轭部之间的连接。
相应地，第一齿身与第一齿靴之间同样可以通过凹凸结构进行连接，也即在第一齿靴和第一齿身之间通过相互配合的凸起和凹槽进行连接，以实现绕线工艺的简化。
在上述任一技术方案中，进一步的，第二定子齿与定子轭部可拆卸式连接。
在该技术方案中，第二定子齿的第二齿身与定子轭部之间也可以设置为可 拆卸式连接，也即，第二定子齿的第二齿身与定子轭部间可以设置为可分离的套设组装结构。通过第二齿身与定子轭部之间的可分离套设组装结构的设置，再进行定子结构的组装过程中，可以先在第一定子齿的第一齿身上绕制线圈，然后在将第二齿身的一端与定子轭部相连接。从而实现了定子结构组装过程中的简化绕线工艺，降低绕线的难度，提高绕组的槽满率，提升电机输出性能，同时能够减少废料，减少物料的浪费。
具体地，第二定子齿的第二齿身与定子轭部之间可以通过凹凸结构进行连接，也即，在第二齿身的一端设置凹槽或者凸起，相应地，在定子轭部的相应位置上设置于凹槽或凸起相配合的凸起或凹槽，从而可以通过凹槽和凸起的配合实现第二齿身与定子轭部之间的连接。
在上述任一技术方案中，进一步地，在定子结构的周向上，相邻两个槽口的宽度相等；和/或在定子结构的周向上，相邻两个凹槽的宽度相等。
在该技术方案中，在定子组件的圆周方向上，相邻两个槽口的宽度可以设置为相等，也即多个定子齿沿定子轭部的周向均匀分布，从而保证定子齿分布位置的合理性，进而保证电机稳定运行。
进一步的，相邻两个凹槽的宽度可以设置为相等，也即，在所有设置有副齿的定子齿上，相邻两个副齿之间的凹槽的宽度均相等，从而可以简化定子结构制造的工艺，提高装配效率。
具体地，相邻两个槽口的宽度可以设置为相等，同时，相邻两个凹槽的宽度也设置为相等，保证电机稳定运行的同时，简化定子结构的装配工艺。
在上述任一技术方案中，进一步的，定子结构还包括绕组，绕组包括多个线圈，每个线圈设置于一个第一定子齿上。
在该技术方案中，定子结构还包括绕组，绕组包括多个线圈。其中，线圈缠绕在第一定子齿的齿身上，以保证应用该定子结构的电机运行时输出力矩。并且，通过将每个线圈仅绕设于一个第一定子齿的齿身上，即采用单齿绕的集中绕组结构，此时电机绕组端部较小，有利于减小铜耗，并且便于实现模块化，提高生产制造效率。而第二定子齿的第二齿身上不绕绕组，可以实现将每相绕组进行物理隔离，减小了相间互感，从而提高了电机运行的可靠性。
在上述任一技术方案中，进一步的，在定子结构的轴向方向上，凹槽的横 截面的形状可以为多边形或弧形。
在该技术方案中，在定子结构的轴向方向上，凹槽的横截面的形状可以根据需求设置为方形、三角形或圆形。
根据本申请的第二方面，提出了一种电机，包括：转子结构；如上述技术方案中任一项的定子结构。
本申请提供的电机，包括转子结构和上述技术方案中任一项的定子结构，其中，定子结构的至少一部分位于转子结构内，具体地，定子结构与转子结构同心设置，以保证转子结构能够相对于定子结构转动，以实现电机的动力输出。其中，定子结构的一部分位于转子结构内，也可将定子结构轴向上的整体设置于转子结构内，以实现转子结构的永磁体与定子结构的绕组之间的不同配合方式。
进一步地，本申请提供的电机，因包括了如本申请第一方面的定子结构。因此，既有上述定子结构的全部有益效果，在此不再详细论述。
在上述技术方案中，进一步地，转子结构包括：转子铁芯，转子铁芯套设于定子结构的外部；永磁体，设置于转子铁芯上。
该技术方案中，转子结构还包括转子铁芯和永磁体。其中，永磁体设置在转子铁芯上，并且通过永磁体形成多个永磁磁极。
具体地，转子结构的至少一部分位于定子结构的内部时，永磁体可放置于转子铁芯的外表面，或者放置于转子铁芯的内部，如V型、轮辐型磁铁排布方式等。
具体地，当定子结构的至少一部分位于转子结构的内部时，永磁体保持在转子铁芯的内表面。永磁磁极可以由多个具有两个横向边缘且内表面和外表面大致呈圆弧状的永磁体组成，也可以是一体形成的磁环。可选地，永磁体材料可以是铁氧体、塑磁、稀土永磁或者橡胶磁条。
在上述任一技术方案中，进一步地，永磁体的数量为多个，相邻永磁体的极性相反设置。
在该技术方案中，永磁体的数量可以包括多个，多个永磁体在转子铁芯上依次排列，并且多个永磁体的极性方向相反。具体地，永磁体可以包括多个弧形永磁体，多个弧形永磁体呈圆环状分布，且相邻两个弧形永磁体的极性相反。
具体地，永磁体包括多个弧形永磁体。其中，多个弧形永磁体呈圆环状分布是，并且相邻两个弧形永磁体的极性相异。具体地，每个弧形永磁体的磁极数量为1或者2或者4，且相邻磁极极性交替相异。
在上述任一技术方案中，进一步地，永磁体包括环形永磁体，环形永磁体套设于定子结构的外部。
在该技术方案中，永磁体的结构可以设置为一体式的环形永磁体，环形永磁体套设于定子结构的外壁。具体地，该环形永磁体具有多个磁极时，可以减小永磁体的块数，减小永磁体安装的工序时间，提高制造装配效率。并且，当磁极宽度较小时，采用一块环形永磁体充多极的方式，可以增加环形永磁体的宽度，降低环形永磁体的加工难度。
在上述任一技术方案中，进一步地，定子齿中第一定子齿上设置有至少两个副齿，第一定子齿的数量为a，每个定子齿上的副齿的数量为x，定子结构的极对数为Pa，永磁体的极对数为Pr。
在定子齿包括第一定子齿的情况下，满足Pa＝∣a×x±Pr∣；或
在定子齿包括第一定子齿和第二定子齿的情况下，满足Pa＝∣a×(x+1)±Pr∣。
在该技术方案中，通过定子绕组极对数的限定，气隙磁密中出现的新的谐波成分可作为电机的工作谐波，为电机提供输出转矩，从而有效提升了电机的转矩密度。
根据本申请的第三方面，提出了一种电器设备，包括上述技术方案中任一项的电机。
本申请提供的电器设备，因包含了上述技术方案中任一项的电机，因此具有该电机的全部有益效果，在此不做赘述。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述部分中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1示出了本申请一个实施例提供的定子结构的结构示意图；
图2示出了本申请另一个实施例提供的定子结构的结构示意图；
图3示出了本申请又一个实施例提供的定子结构的结构示意图；
图4示出了本申请又一个实施例提供的定子结构的结构示意图；
图5示出了本申请一个实施例提供的电机的结构示意图；
图6示出了图5电机中转子结构的结构示意图；
图7示出了本申请一个实施例的电机中永磁体的结构示意图；
图8示出了本申请另一个实施例的电机中永磁体的结构示意图；
图9示出了本申请又一个实施例的电机中永磁体的结构示意图；
图10示出了本申请实施例的电机运行过程中气隙磁密谐波次数分布相对于相关技术的变化的示意图；
图11示出了本申请实施例的电机运行过程中空载反电势有效值相对于相关技术的变化示意图；
图12示出了本申请实施例的电机运行过程中电机效率相对于相关技术的变化示意图。
其中，图1至图9中的附图标记与部件之间的对应关系为：
100定子结构，102定子轭部，104第一定子齿，106第一齿身，108第一齿靴，110副齿，112第二定子齿，114第二齿身，116第二齿靴，118定子齿，120槽口，122凹槽，200电机，202转子结构，204转子铁芯，206永磁体。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本申请的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请进行进一步的详细描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本申请，但是，本申请还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的方式来实施，因此，本申请的保护范围并不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
下面参照图1至图12来描述根据本申请一些实施例提供的定子结构、电机和电器设备。
本申请提出了第一方面，如图1和图2提出了一种定子结构100，包括定子轭部102以及设置于定子轭部102上的至少两个定子齿118，设置于定子轭部上，相邻两个定子齿118的齿顶之间具有槽口120；其中，至少部分定子齿118包括至少两个副齿110，同一定子齿118上相邻两个副齿110之间具有凹槽122，在定子结构100的周向上，凹槽122的宽度与槽口120的宽度不等。
本申请所提出的定子结构100，包括定子轭部102以及设置于定子轭部102上的至少两个定子齿118，具体地，相邻两个定子齿118的齿顶之间具有槽口120。
进一步的，至少部分定子齿118上设置有至少两个副齿110，通过至少两个副齿110的设置，一方面，至少两个副齿110可以作为导磁部件进行导磁，一方面，副齿110还可作为调制部件，实现磁场调制的作用。使得气隙磁导中引入较多的谐波分量，这样，使得电机的性能得到了明显的提升。
进一步的，在定子结构100的周向上，凹槽122的宽度与槽口120的宽度不等。具体地，在定子结构100的圆周方向上，可以将凹槽122的宽度设置为与槽口120的宽度设置为不相等。通过将凹槽122与槽口120的尺寸设置为不等，可以改变所有定子齿118上的副齿110在圆周上分布的均匀程度，减小了气隙磁导的周期数，通过将气隙磁导周期数减小，调制生成的磁密谐波分量将增加，具体地，如图10所示，图10中H1表示凹槽122与槽口120的尺寸相等时，气隙磁密谐波次数的分布情况，主要分布为2、10、14、22、26等，图10中H2表示凹槽122与槽口120的尺寸不等时，气隙磁密谐波次数的分布情况，通过图10可以看出，通过将凹槽122与槽口120的尺寸设置为不等，气隙磁导周期数减小为6，气隙磁密谐波周期数额外增加4、8、16、28等，因此会产生更多的工作谐波，使得电机输出转矩进一步提升。
进一步地，如图11和图12所示，通过将凹槽122与槽口120的尺寸设置为不等，使得电机运行过程中空载反电势进一步得到提升，并且电机效率进一步地增加。具体地，在图11中，H3表示表示凹槽122与槽口120的尺寸相等时，电机的空载反电势的有效值为96.84，H4表示凹槽122与 槽口120的尺寸设置为不等时，电机的空载反电势的有效值为116.11，可见，空载反电势有效值具有明显提升。在图12中，H5表示表示凹槽122与槽口120的尺寸相等时，电机的效率为82.38％，H6表示凹槽122与槽口120的尺寸设置为不等时，电机的效率为84.40％，可见，通过将凹槽122与槽口120的尺寸设置为不等，使得电机的效率高明显提升。
本申请提供的定子结构100，通过在至少部分定子齿118的齿靴上设置至少两个副齿110，并且将相邻两个副齿110之间的凹槽122的尺寸与相邻两个第一齿靴108之间的槽口120的尺寸设置为不相等，可以改变所有定子齿118上的副齿110在圆周上分布的均匀程度，减小了气隙磁导的周期数，通过将气隙磁导周期数减小，调制生成的磁密谐波分量将增加，因此会产生更多的工作谐波，使得电机输出转矩进一步提升。
在上述实施例中，进一步地，如图1所示，至少两个定子齿118包括：至少两个第一定子齿104，任一第一定子齿104包括第一齿身106和第一齿靴108，第一齿身106的一端与定子轭部相连接，第一齿靴108与第一齿身106的另一端相连接，至少两个副齿110设置于第一齿靴108上，槽口120位于相邻两个第一齿靴108之间。
具体地，至少两个定子齿118可以包括至少两个第一定子齿104，其中，第一定子齿104包括第一齿身106和第一齿靴108，第一齿身106的一端与定子轭部相连接，第一齿靴108与第一齿身106的另一端相连接，进而将至少两个副齿110设置于第一齿靴108远离第一齿身106的一端，以实现副齿110的设置。也即，所有定子齿118上均设置有副齿110，进一步地，在相邻两个第一齿靴108之间形成槽口120，并且，槽口120的宽度与同一个第一定子齿104上的相邻两个副齿110之间的凹槽122的宽度设置为不相等，从而可以保证电机运行过程中分布与定子结构100以及转子结构202之中的磁场的均匀性，同时也可以保证气隙磁密的均匀性，从而降低电机运行过程中转矩的波动，保证电机稳定运行。
进一步地，如图3所示，在同一个第一定子齿104上，相邻两个副齿的齿身平分线之间形成夹角β，且满足1≤β/(2π/(a×x))＜1.4，其中，a表示第一定子齿104的数量，x表示每一个第一定子齿104上副齿110的数量。
具体地，在相邻两个副齿中，一个副齿的齿身平分线L3与另一个副齿的齿身平分线L4之间的形成夹角β，并且满足1≤β/(2π/(a×x))＜1.4；其中，a表示定子齿的数量，x表示每一个定子齿上副齿的数量。这样，本申请进一步对副齿的结构以及分布进行优化，使得应用该电机调制生成的谐波幅值较大，转矩较高，以进一步提升电机的工作效率。
具体地，副齿可以仅包括设置于第一齿靴两端的两个，并且定子齿的数量为6个，相应地，其中一个副齿的齿身平分线L3与另一个副齿的齿身平分线L4之间的夹角β满足1≤β/(2π/(6×2))＜1.4。以使得应用该定子结构100的电机调制生成的谐波幅值较大，转矩较高，以进一步提升电机的工作效率。
在上述任一实施例中，进一步地，如图1所示，至少两个定子齿118包括：至少两个第一定子齿104，任一第一定子齿104包括第一齿身106和第一齿靴108，第一齿身106的一端与定子轭部相连接，第一齿靴108与第一齿身106的另一端相连接，至少两个副齿110设置于第一齿靴108上；至少两个第二定子齿112，分别设置于相邻两个第一定子齿104之间，任一第二定子齿112包括第二齿身114和第二齿靴116，第二齿身114的一端与定子轭部相连接，第二齿靴116与第二齿身114的另一端相连接，槽口120位于相邻的第一齿靴108和第二齿靴116之间。
在该实施例中，至少两个定子齿118可以包括至少两个第一定子齿104和至少两个第二定子齿112，其中，任一第一定子齿104包括第一齿身106和第一齿靴108，第一齿身106的一端与定子轭部相连接，第一齿靴108与第一齿身106的另一端相连接，并且，至少两个副齿110设置于第一齿靴108上远离第一齿身106的一端。也即，在第一定子齿104上设置有至少两个副齿110。
进一步地，至少两个第二定子齿112分别设置于相邻两个第一定子齿104之间，也即第一定子齿104和第二定子齿112交替设置。具体地，第二定子齿112包括第二齿身114和第二齿靴116，第二齿身114的一端与定子轭部相连接。也即，在第二定子齿112上未设置有副齿110。通过在相邻的第一定子齿104之间设置第二定子齿112，使得第一定子齿104的 第一齿靴108上的副齿110和第二定子齿112共同作为电机的磁场调制部件，实现磁场调制的作用。此时，电机调制块数量进一步增加，使得电机极槽配合的调节空间增加，相较于常规永磁磁场调制电机能够引入更多的磁导谐波分量。当永磁磁动势和含有谐波的气隙磁导作用时，气隙磁密中会出现新的谐波成分，进而使得电机输出转矩进一步提升。
并且，相邻的第一齿靴108和第二齿靴116之间形成槽口120，槽口120的宽度与位于同一个第一定子齿104上的相邻两个副齿110之间的凹槽122的宽度不相等，从而可以保证电机运行过程中分布与定子结构100以及转子结构202之中的磁场的均匀性，同时也可以保证气隙磁密的均匀性，从而降低电机运行过程中转矩的波动，保证电机稳定运行。
进一步地，而当定子结构100的极对数和转子结构202的永磁体206的极对数之间满足关系式：Pa＝∣a×(x+1)±Pr∣时，气隙磁密中出现的新的谐波成分可作为电机的工作谐波，为电机提供输出转矩，从而有效提升了电机的转矩密度。其中，第一定子齿104的数量为a，每个第一定子齿104上的副齿110的数量为x，定子结构100的极对数为Pa，永磁体的极对数为Pr。
进一步的，如图1所示，在同一个第一定子齿104上，相邻两个副齿110的齿身平分线之间形成夹角β，且满足0.5≤β/(2π/(a×x))＜1.4，其中，a表示第一定子齿104的数量，x表示每一个第一定子齿104上副齿的数量。
具体地，基于至少两个定子齿包括至少两个第一定子齿和至少两个第二定子齿，并且，在第一定子齿的第一齿靴上设置有至少两个副齿，在相邻两个副齿中，一个副齿的齿身平分线L1与另一个副齿的齿身平分线L2之间的形成夹角β，并且满足0.5≤β/(2π/(a×x))＜1.4；其中，a表示定子齿的数量，x表示每一个定子齿上副齿的数量。这样，本申请进一步对副齿的结构以及分布进行优化，使得应用该电机调制生成的谐波幅值较大，转矩较高，以进一步提升电机的工作效率。
在上述任一实施例中，进一步的，如图1和图2所示，第二齿身114的宽度小于第一齿身106的宽度；和/或第二齿靴116的宽度小于第一齿靴 108的宽度。
在该实施例中，通过将第二定子齿112的第二齿身114的宽度设置为小于第一定子齿104的第一齿身106的宽度，可以进一步加强第一定子齿104的第一齿靴108上的副齿110和第二定子齿112之间的共同作用，以增强磁场调制的作用，从而使得电机调制块数量进一步增加，使得电机极槽配合的调节空间增加，相较于常规永磁磁场调制电机能够引入更多的磁导谐波分量。进一步增加气隙磁密中所出现的新的谐波，进而进一步使得电机输出转矩进一步提升。另外，通过将第二齿身114的宽度设置为小于第一齿身106的宽度，在增加调制块数量的基础上，还能够尽可能少的占用绕线槽的面积，从而不影响放置于绕线槽的绕组数量。
进一步地，第二齿靴116的宽度可以设置为小于第一齿靴108的宽度，从而同样能够实现在增加调制块数量的基础上，还能够尽可能少的占用绕线槽的面积，从而不影响放置于绕线槽的绕组数量。
具体地，可以将第二齿身114的宽度设置为小于第一齿身106的宽度，同时，将第二齿靴116的宽度设置为小于第一齿靴108的宽度。
进一步地，如图3所示，第一定子齿104与定子轭部可拆卸。
具体地，通过将第一定子齿104的第一齿身106和第一齿靴108与定子轭部之间也可以设置为可拆卸连接，也即，第一定子齿104的第一齿身106与定子轭部和第一齿靴108之间可以设置为可分离的套设组装结构。通过第一齿身106、第一齿靴108以及定子轭部之间的可分离套设组装结构的设置，再进行定子结构100的组装过程中，可以先在第一定子齿104的第一齿身106上绕制绕组，然后在将第一齿身106的一端与定子轭部相连接，最后将第一齿靴108安装至第一齿身106的另一端。同样实现了定子结构100组装过程中的简化绕线工艺，降低绕线的难度，提高绕组的槽满率，提升电机输出性能，同时能够减少废料，减少物料的浪费。
进一步地，第一定子齿104的第一齿身106与定子轭部之间可以通过凹凸结构进行连接，也即，在第一齿身106的一端设置凹槽或者凸起，相应地，在定子轭部的相应位置上设置于凹槽或凸起相配合的凸起或凹槽，从而可以通过凹槽和凸起的配合实现第一齿身106与定子轭部之间的连接。
相应地，如图4所示，第一齿身106与第一齿靴108之间同样可以通过凹凸结构进行连接，也即在第一齿靴108和第一齿身106之间通过相互配合的凸起和凹槽进行连接，以实现绕线工艺的简化。
在上述任一实施例中，进一步的，如图2所示，第二定子齿112与定子轭部102可拆卸式连接。
在该实施例中，第二定子齿112的第二齿身114与定子轭部102之间也可以设置为可拆卸式连接，也即，第二定子齿112的第二齿身114与定子轭部102间可以设置为可分离的套设组装结构。通过第二齿身114与定子轭部102之间的可分离套设组装结构的设置，再进行定子结构100的组装过程中，可以先在第一定子齿104的第一齿身106上绕制绕组，然后在将第二齿身114的一端与定子轭部102相连接。从而实现了定子结构100组装过程中的简化绕线工艺，降低绕线的难度，提高绕组的槽满率，提升电机输出性能，同时能够减少废料，减少物料的浪费。
具体地，第二定子齿112的第二齿身114与定子轭部102之间可以通过凹凸结构进行连接，也即，在第二齿身114的一端设置凹槽或者凸起，相应地，在定子轭部102的相应位置上设置于凹槽或凸起相配合的凸起或凹槽，从而可以通过凹槽和凸起的配合实现第二齿身114与定子轭部102之间的连接。
进一步地，定子结构100包括至少两个堆叠体，任一堆叠体包括轭部区段和第一定子齿104，第一定子齿104设置于轭部区段上，相邻两个堆叠体的轭部区段相连接，定子轭部102包括多个轭部区段。
具体地，定子结构100包括至少两个堆叠体，并通过至少两个堆叠体堆叠的方式来制造定子结构100。这样，在定子结构100的加工制造过程中，工作人员可先在单个堆叠体上进行绕线等操作。相较于相关技术中需要在整体铁芯上进行绕线操作，本申请所提出的堆叠体的操作空间更加大，有利于降低绕线难度，进而提高绕线的工作效率，降低材料成本。
此外，本申请可以首先在单个堆叠体上进行绕线等操作，可有效提升绕组的缠绕数量，并提升绕组的槽满率，提高应用该定子结构100的电机输出性能。并且，本申请在降低绕线难度的基础上，可降低绕线过程中废 品率，进而减少废料并提升定子结构100的成本率。此外，单独堆叠体对材料的要求较低，可提升铁芯材料的利用率，进而降低定子结构100的材料成本。
进一步地，相邻两个堆叠体的轭部区段可拆卸连接；定子结构100还包括固定件，相邻两个堆叠体通过固定件固定。
具体地，相邻两个堆叠体的轭部区段可拆卸连接，进而保证相邻两个堆叠体的拆装。
具体地，定子结构100可以包括第一连接部和第二连接部。其中，第一连接部设置在轭部区段的第一端，第二连接部设置在轭部区段的第二端，第一端和第二端在轭部区段上相对设置。并且，第一连接部和第二连接部的结构相匹配，第一连接部和第二连接部配合能够实现自锁。因此，在拼接堆叠体的过程中，本申请可以通过第一连接部和第二连接部来连接相邻两个堆叠体，包括相邻两个堆叠体的可拆卸连接。
进一步地，第一连接部与第二连接部中的一者为凸部，另一者为凹部。此外，凸部的形状与凹部的形状相适配，并且凸部与凹部之间能够可拆卸的连接，并具有自锁功能。具体地，凹部包括但不限于以下结构多边形槽、圆形槽、椭圆形槽；凸部的形状与凹部的形状相匹配。
进一步地，定子结构100还包括固定件，相邻两个堆叠体通过固定件固定。
具体地，在相邻两个堆叠体拼接完成后，进一步通过固定件来对整体结构进行固定，进而进一步提升拼接后的堆叠体的结构稳定性。具体地，固定件可采用绝缘框架，进而使得绝缘框架在保证绝缘的基础上，还可对堆叠体进行固定，实现了绝缘框架的多用途。
具体地，相邻两个堆叠体焊接连接。其中。在相邻两个堆叠体拼接完成后，本申请进一步通过焊接的方式来对整体结构进行固定，进而进一步提升拼接后的堆叠体的结构稳定性。
具体地，相邻两个堆叠体一体注塑。也即，在在相邻两个堆叠体拼接完成后，本申请进一步通过一体注塑的方式来对整体结构进行固定，进而进一步提升拼接后的堆叠体的结构稳定性。
在上述任一实施例中，进一步地，在定子结构100的周向上，相邻两个槽口120的宽度相等；和/或在定子结构100的周向上，相邻两个凹槽122的宽度相等。
在该实施例中，在定子组件的圆周方向上，相邻两个槽口120的宽度可以设置为相等，也即多个定子齿118沿定子轭部的周向均匀分布，从而保证定子齿118分布位置的合理性，进而保证电机稳定运行。
进一步的，相邻两个凹槽122的宽度可以设置为相等，也即，在所有设置有副齿110的定子齿118上，相邻两个副齿110之间的凹槽122的宽度均相等，从而可以简化定子结构100制造的工艺，提高装配效率。
具体地，相邻两个槽口120的宽度可以设置为相等，同时，相邻两个凹槽122的宽度也设置为相等，保证电机稳定运行的同时，简化定子结构100的装配工艺。
在上述任一实施例中，进一步的，定子结构100还包括绕组，绕组包括多个线圈，每个线圈设置于一个第一定子齿104上。
在该实施例中，定子结构100还包括绕组，绕组包括多个线圈。其中，线圈缠绕在一个第一定子齿104的齿身上，以保证应用该定子结构100的电机运行时输出力矩。并且，通过将每个线圈仅绕设于一个第一定子齿104的齿身上，即采用单齿绕的集中绕组结构，此时电机绕组端部较小，有利于减小铜耗，并且便于实现模块化，提高生产制造效率。而第二定子齿112的第二齿身114上不绕绕组，可以实现将每相绕组进行物理隔离，减小了相间互感，从而提高了电机运行的可靠性。
进一步地，在定子结构100的轴向方向上，凹槽122的横截面的形状可以为多边形或弧形。
根据本申请的第二方面，如图5和图6所示，提出了一种电机200，包括：转子结构202；如上述技术方案中任一项的定子结构100，定子结构100的至少一部分位于转子结构202内。
本申请提供的电机200，包括转子结构202和上述技术方案中任一项的定子结构100，其中，定子结构100的至少一部分位于转子结构202内，具体地，定子结构100与转子结构202同心设置，以保证转子结构202能够 相对于定子结构100转动，以实现电机200的动力输出。其中，定子结构100的一部分位于转子结构202内，也可将定子结构100轴向上的整体设置于转子结构202内，以实现转子结构202的永磁体与定子结构100的绕组之间的不同配合方式。
进一步地，本申请提供的电机200，因包括了如本申请第一方面的定子结构100。因此，既有上述定子结构100的全部有益效果，在此不再详细论述。
在上述任一实施例中，进一步的，如图5和图6所示，转子结构202包括：转子铁芯204，转子铁芯204套设于定子结构100的外部；永磁体206，设置于转子铁芯204上。
在该实施例中，转子结构202还包括转子铁芯204和永磁体206。其中，永磁体206设置在转子铁芯204上，并且通过永磁体206形成多个永磁磁极。
具体地，转子结构202的至少一部分位于定子结构100的内部时，永磁体206可放置于转子铁芯204的外表面，或者放置于转子铁芯204的内部，如V型、轮辐型磁铁排布方式等。
具体地，当定子结构100的至少一部分位于转子结构202的内部时，永磁体206保持在转子铁芯204的内表面。永磁磁极可以由多个具有两个横向边缘且内表面和外表面大致呈圆弧状的永磁体206组成，也可以是一体形成的磁环。可选地，永磁体206材料可以是铁氧体、塑磁、稀土永磁或者橡胶磁条。
进一步地，永磁体206的数量为多个，相邻永磁体206的极性相反设置。
具体地，永磁体206的数量可以包括多个，多个永磁体206在转子铁芯204上依次排列，并且多个永磁体206的极性方向相反。具体地，永磁体206可以包括多个弧形永磁体206，多个弧形永磁体206呈圆环状分布，且相邻两个弧形永磁体206的极性相反。
进一步地，如图6所示，定子轭部102的中心到永磁体206的两端的连线之间形成有夹角γ，夹角的存在可以使得气隙磁导过程进一步变化， 磁场调制效应增强，工作次磁密谐波的幅值增加，进而使得采用次转子结构202的电机200转矩进一步地得到提升，由此也避免了传统永磁电机200中采用交替极后磁极数量减小，磁场基波幅值下降，导致转矩下降的问题。
具体地，满足0.9＜γ/(π/(P1))＜1.7，其中，P1为永磁体206的数量，当夹角γ满足上述条件时，转子结构202的工作性能良好。
进一步地，如图7、图8和图9所示，永磁体206包括多个弧形永磁体。其中，多个弧形永磁体呈圆环状分布是，并且相邻两个弧形永磁体的极性相异。具体地，每个弧形永磁体的磁极数量为1或者2或者4，且相邻磁极极性交替相异。
具体地，永磁体206包括一体式的环形永磁体。此时，该环形永磁体具有多个磁极时，可以减小永磁体206的块数，减小永磁体206安装的工序时间，提高制造装配效率。并且，当磁极宽度较小时，采用一块环形永磁体充多极的方式，可以增加环形永磁体的宽度，降低环形永磁体的加工难度。
具体地，永磁体206可采用海尔贝克阵列(Halbach Array)方式排布。
在上述任一实施例中，进一步地，定子齿118中第一定子齿104上设置有至少两个副齿110，第一定子齿104的数量为a，每个定子齿118上的副齿110的数量为x，定子结构100的极对数为Pa，永磁体的极对数为Pr。
在定子齿118包括第一定子齿104的情况下，满足Pa＝∣a×x±Pr∣；或
在定子齿118包括第一定子齿104和第二定子齿112的情况下，满足Pa＝∣a×(x+1)±Pr∣。
在该实施例中，通过定子绕组极对数的限定，气隙磁密中出现的新的谐波成分可作为电机的工作谐波，为电机提供输出转矩，从而有效提升了电机的转矩密度。
根据本申请的第三方面，提出了一种电器设备，包括上述技术方案中任一项的电机200。
本申请提供的电器设备，包含了上述技术方案中任一项的电机200，其中，电机200的定子结构100与转子结构202之间能够形成不均匀的气隙，能够改善气隙磁场的波形、降低电机200的齿槽转矩和转矩波动，提 高了电机200的可靠性的基础上，还保证了电机200在运行过程中磁场分布的均匀性，保证了电机200运行过程中的稳定性。进而保证电器设备在运行过程中的稳定性。
具体地，电器设备可以包括空调器、洗衣机或吸尘器等。
在本申请的描述中，术语“多个”则指两个或两个以上，除非另有明确的限定，术语“上”、“下”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制；术语“连接”、“安装”、“固定”等均应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中，术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“具体实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或实例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种定子结构，其中，包括：
    定子轭部；
    至少两个定子齿，设置于所述定子轭部上，相邻两个所述定子齿的齿顶之间具有槽口；
    其中，至少部分所述定子齿包括至少两个副齿，同一所述定子齿上的相邻两个所述副齿之间具有凹槽，在所述定子结构的周向上，所述凹槽的宽度与所述槽口的宽度不等。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的定子结构，其中，所述至少两个定子齿包括：
    至少两个第一定子齿，任一所述第一定子齿包括第一齿身和第一齿靴，所述第一齿身的一端与所述定子轭部相连接，所述第一齿靴与所述第一齿身的另一端相连接，所述至少两个副齿设置于所述第一齿靴上，所述槽口位于相邻两个所述第一齿靴之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的定子结构，其中，
    在同一个所述第一定子齿上，相邻两个所述副齿的齿身平分线之间形成夹角β，且满足1≤β/(2π/(a×x))＜1.4，其中，a表示所述第一定子齿的数量，x表示每一个所述第一定子齿上所述副齿的数量。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的定子结构，其中，所述至少两个定子齿包括：
    至少两个第一定子齿，任一所述第一定子齿包括第一齿身和第一齿靴，所述第一齿身的一端与所述定子轭部相连接，所述第一齿靴与所述第一齿身的另一端相连接，所述至少两个副齿设置于所述第一齿靴上；
    至少两个第二定子齿，分别设置于相邻两个所述第一定子齿之间，任一所述第二定子齿包括第二齿身和第二齿靴，所述第二齿身的一端与所述定子轭部相连接，所述第二齿靴与所述第二齿身的另一端相连接，所述槽口位于相邻的所述第一齿靴和所述第二齿靴之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的定子结构，其中，
    在同一个所述第一定子齿上，相邻两个所述副齿的齿身平分线之间形成夹角β，且满足0.5≤β/(2π/(a×x))＜1.4，其中，a表示所述第一定子齿的数量， x表示每一个所述第一定子齿上所述副齿的数量。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的定子结构，其中，
    所述第二齿身的宽度小于所述第一齿身的宽度；和/或
    所述第二齿靴的宽度小于所述第一齿靴的宽度。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的定子结构，其中，
    所述第一定子齿与所述定子轭部可拆卸。
  8. 根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的定子结构，其中，
    所述第二定子齿与所述定子轭部可拆卸。
  9. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的定子结构，其中，
    在所述定子结构的周向上，相邻两个所述槽口的宽度相等；和/或
    在所述定子结构的周向上，相邻两个所述凹槽的宽度相等。
  10. 根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的定子结构，其中，还包括：
    绕组，所述绕组包括多个线圈，每个所述线圈设置于一个所述第一定子齿上。
  11. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的定子结构，其中，
    在所述定子结构的轴向方向上，所述凹槽的横截面的形状为方多边形或弧形。
  12. 一种电机，其中，包括
    转子结构；
    如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的定子结构。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电机，其中，所述转子结构包括：
    转子铁芯，所述转子铁芯套设于所述定子结构；
    永磁体，设置于所述转子铁芯上。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电机，其中，
    所述永磁体的数量为多个，相邻所述永磁体的极性相反设置。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的电机，其中，
    所述永磁体包括环形永磁体，所述环形永磁体套设于所述定子结构的外部。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的电机，其中，
    所述定子齿中第一定子齿上设置有至少两个副齿，所述第一定子齿的数量为a，每个所述第一定子齿上的副齿的数量为x，所述定子结构的极对数为Pa，所述永磁体的极对数为Pr，
    在所述定子齿包括所述第一定子齿的情况下，满足Pa＝∣a×x±Pr∣；或
    在所述定子齿包括所述第一定子齿和第二定子齿的情况下，满足Pa＝∣a×(x+1)±Pr∣。
  17. 一种电器设备，其中，包括：
    如权利要求12至16中任一项所述的电机。
PCT/CN2022/077378 2021-12-17 2022-02-23 定子结构、电机和电器设备 WO2023108889A1 (zh)

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