WO2023108598A1 - 一种升流式独立曝气自循环的高柱体好氧污泥床污水处理工艺 - Google Patents

一种升流式独立曝气自循环的高柱体好氧污泥床污水处理工艺 Download PDF

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WO2023108598A1
WO2023108598A1 PCT/CN2021/139060 CN2021139060W WO2023108598A1 WO 2023108598 A1 WO2023108598 A1 WO 2023108598A1 CN 2021139060 W CN2021139060 W CN 2021139060W WO 2023108598 A1 WO2023108598 A1 WO 2023108598A1
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column
aeration
reaction
sedimentation
valve
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PCT/CN2021/139060
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English (en)
French (fr)
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戚伟康
徐伟
施棋
刘丽芳
李博
占菁菁
彭永臻
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北京工业大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/308—Biological phosphorus removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/14—NH3-N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/22—O2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
    • C02F2301/046—Recirculation with an external loop
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-column aerobic sludge expanded bed sewage treatment process with upflow independent aeration and self-circulation. Specifically, the invention utilizes the multi-point water inflow of the reaction column, which satisfies the requirements of low hydraulic retention time and The higher shear force requirement of granular sludge controls the water flow rate within a reasonable range to reduce energy consumption.
  • the flocculent sludge has the disadvantages of low sludge biomass, low sludge load of 0.5-2.5KgCOD/(m 3 ⁇ d), large floor area, and large surplus sludge output.
  • the present invention aims to invent a continuous flow aerobic granular sludge treatment process with high efficiency and low energy consumption.
  • a continuous flow aerobic granular sludge treatment process with high efficiency and low energy consumption.
  • the shearing force and the reduction of floor area often require a higher depth-to-diameter ratio, which requires a larger aeration volume.
  • the present invention also reduces the aeration volume through the design of porous water inlet.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to invent a sewage treatment process with a high-column aerobic sludge bed with upflow independent aeration and self-circulation as the main body. Through the porous water inflow of the reaction column, the low consumption of aerobic granular sludge can be realized. It can efficiently and continuously treat sewage.
  • the aerobic granular sludge treatment process mainly consists of three main structures: reaction column, aeration column, and sedimentation column, including: return pipe, return pipe, sedimentation column inlet pipe, reaction column upper inlet stop valve, reaction column lower inlet Water outlet shut-off valve, reaction column lower water outlet shut-off valve, reaction column upper water outlet shut-off valve, water inlet, aeration device, online DO detection, aeration column water inlet shut-off valve.
  • the lower part of the aeration column is provided with a water inlet from the backflow of the reaction column and a shut-off valve for the return water inlet of the aeration column;
  • the effluent water enters the sedimentation column through the sedimentation column inlet pipe, and an aeration device is installed at the bottom of the aeration column;
  • the bottom of the sedimentation column is equipped with a water inlet shut-off valve for the sedimentation column to control the water inflow, the bottom is equipped with an aeration device, the top is equipped with an overflow weir and a sedimentation column drain, and the middle and upper part of the sedimentation column is equipped with a shut-off valve for the upper mud discharge port of the sedimentation column, and a sedimentation column Lower mud discharge stop valve.
  • the reaction column is provided with two or more aeration column return water inlets according to the height, and flows back into the aeration column through multiple water outlets to the return pipe 1, and the bottom of the aeration column is equipped with an aeration device for continuous aeration.
  • Each water inlet and outlet of the reaction column is equipped with a stop valve, the top of the reaction column is installed with an online DO detection system, and the water from the top of the aeration column is connected by a pipeline to the bottom of the sedimentation column.
  • the water flowing back from the aeration column to the reaction column can not only be divided into two streams, but also can be divided into more streams according to the column height of the reaction column to enter the reaction column from different heights of the reaction column.
  • the reaction column used in the present invention has porous water inlet The operation mode effectively solves the problem that the rising flow rate required by the reaction column is too high due to high reflux flow.
  • the liquid level of the aeration column is always higher than the liquid level of the reaction column, and the tops of the reaction column and the aeration column are both designed to be open.
  • both the reaction column and the aeration column are about 2-15m taller than the column body, and the diameter of the aeration column is smaller than that of the reaction column.
  • on-line DO detection is provided at the top of the reaction column, and the operation status of the reactor is analyzed by observing DO.
  • the flow velocity of the water flow is controlled in a reasonable range (15-50m/h), and the return pipe 1 and the return pipe 2 are respectively equipped with a reaction
  • the shut-off valve of the water inlet on the column, the shut-off valve of the water inlet under the reaction column, the shut-off valve of the water outlet under the reaction column, and the shut-off valve of the water outlet on the reaction column can achieve the function of controlling the size of the water flow by controlling the opening of the above-mentioned shut-off valves, so as to achieve Controls the rising velocity of the water flow.
  • the rising water flow in the reaction column realizes the screening of granular sludge.
  • the sludge with good sedimentation performance forms an aerobic granular expanded sludge bed at the bottom of the reaction column, and the sludge with poor sedimentation performance enters the aeration column with reflux, and part of it continues to circulate. , and part of it enters the sedimentation column and then is discharged.
  • the granular sludge is uniformly and stably distributed in different DO regions of the reaction column, achieving efficient removal of sewage.
  • the granular sludge itself there is an obvious DO decreasing trend from the outside to the inside.
  • the bottom of the reaction column is impacted by water inflow from multiple directions, which can fully alleviate the sludge accumulation. And can make the water flow rise more evenly.
  • the possible sludge accumulation at the bottom of the reaction column can be flushed by controlling the switch of the water inlet shut-off valve under the reaction column. By restricting the shut-off valve of the water inlet on the reaction column and the shut-off valve of the water outlet on the reaction column, the water flow can mainly flow back through the shut-off valve of the water outlet under the reaction column, and the upper part of the reaction column can realize a relatively anaerobic area, thereby realizing the removal of phosphorus.
  • intermittent aeration and sludge discharge are carried out at the bottom of the sedimentation column to realize the screening and recovery of granular sludge.
  • the dissolved oxygen required for the oxidation of granular sludge in the reaction column is obtained through the water flow after aeration in the aeration column.
  • the rising speed of the reaction column is proportional to the height of the reaction column.
  • the circulation ratio and circulation volume of the same water flow are also proportional to the height.
  • the multi-hole water inlet design of the reaction column of the present invention allows a part of the circulating water flow to enter from the middle of the reaction column, and splits the rising flow rate.
  • the present invention adopts the operation mode in which the aeration is separated from the granular sludge reaction column, and the aeration column is set separately, so that the water flow received by the aeration flows into the reaction column more uniformly, forming a more stable selective pressure, which is more conducive to the removal of granular sludge.
  • the formation of mud, and with the rise of the rising water, the dissolved oxygen content will produce a large gradient change, so that the oxidation of organic matter, nitrification and denitrification can play their respective roles in different positions.
  • granular sludge has its own properties. It is a sphere with a multi-layered microbial structure. According to the degree of penetration of dissolved oxygen, degrading bacteria groups with different functions are formed, and a relatively anoxic state can be formed inside it. , the outer layer is in an aerobic state, and nitrification and denitrification can occur simultaneously inside and outside the granular sludge.
  • Fig. 1 is the planing schematic diagram of flow process of the present invention
  • a sewage treatment process based on a high-column aerobic sludge bed with upflow independent aeration and self-circulation realizes low energy consumption of aerobic granular sludge through the porous water inflow of the reaction column Efficient continuous wastewater treatment.
  • the treatment process is mainly composed of reaction column 1, aeration column 2, sedimentation column 3, return pipe 1 4, return pipe 2 5, sedimentation column inlet pipe 6, reaction column upper water inlet shut-off valve 7, reaction column lower Water inlet shut-off valve 8, water outlet shut-off valve under the reaction column 9, aeration column water inlet shut-off valve 10, water inlet 11, aeration device 12, online DO monitoring 13, aeration column return water inlet shut-off valve 14, aeration Column return outlet stop valve 15, aeration column overflow outlet stop valve 16, sedimentation column water inlet stop valve 17, overflow weir 18, sedimentation column drain 19, sedimentation column upper mud discharge stop valve 20, sedimentation column lower
  • the mud discharge port shut-off valve 21 constitutes.
  • reaction column 1 the aeration column 2, and the sedimentation column 3 are all columns arranged vertically.
  • the stop valve 10 at the water inlet of the aeration column is connected with the aeration column 2 by using the return pipe 14 and the return pipe 25.
  • An online DO monitoring device 13 is installed at the top of the reaction column.
  • a water inlet 11 is provided at the middle and upper part.
  • the lower part of the aeration column 2 is provided with a water inlet from the backflow of the reaction column and a shut-off valve 14 for the return water inlet of the aeration column, and the upper part is provided with a shut-off valve 15 for the backflow outlet of the aeration column and a cut-off valve for the overflow outlet of the aeration column at the top. valve 16.
  • the overflow water enters the sedimentation column 3 through the sedimentation column inlet pipe 6, and an aeration device 12 is arranged at the bottom of the aeration column.
  • the bottom of the sedimentation column 3 is provided with a sedimentation column water inlet shut-off valve 17 to control water inflow, the bottom is equipped with an aeration device, the top is provided with an overflow weir 18 and a sedimentation column drainage port 19, and the middle and upper part of the sedimentation column is provided with a mud discharge port and a sedimentation column drainage port. Mud mouth shut-off valve 20.
  • aeration column return water inlets on the reaction column, as shown in the figure, the water inlet stop valve 8 under the reaction column, and the water outlet stop valve 9 under the reaction column, and return to the return pipe 1 4 through multiple water outlets
  • the medium flows into the aeration column 2, and the bottom of the aeration column is provided with an aeration device 12 for continuous aeration.
  • Each water inlet and outlet of the reaction column is provided with a cut-off valve as shown in the figure 9 below the water outlet of the reaction column 1.
  • Aeration column water inlet cut-off valve 10 online DO detection system online DO monitoring 13 is installed on the top of the reaction column, water outlet from the top of the aeration column overflows through the aeration column and the water outlet stop valve 16 is connected by the pipeline sedimentation column inlet pipe 6 to flow through the sedimentation column
  • the water inlet shut-off valve 17 enters the bottom of the sedimentation column.
  • the clear water in the sedimentation column flows into the water outlet from the overflow weir and then flows out.
  • the sludge with poor sedimentation performance is discharged through the upper sludge discharge port and the sedimentation column sludge discharge outlet stop valve 20, and the granular sludge with better sedimentation performance is discharged from the lower part of the sedimentation column.
  • granular sludge has its own properties. It is a sphere with a multi-layered microbial structure. According to the degree of penetration of dissolved oxygen, degrading bacteria groups with different functions are formed, and a relatively anoxic state can be formed inside it. , the outer layer is in an aerobic state, and nitrification and denitrification can occur simultaneously inside and outside the granular sludge.
  • the reaction column has a single-hole water inlet and a multi-hole water outlet.
  • the water inlet is from the lower water inlet of the reaction column, that is, the water flow passes through the lower water inlet stop valve 8 of the reaction column and enters the reaction column. Without the upper reaction column water inlet, the water flow will mainly pass through the lower reaction column.
  • the water outlet shut-off valve 9 flows out, the water flow above the reaction column will be greatly reduced, thereby forming a relatively anaerobic area, which is conducive to the absorption of phosphorus by phosphorus-accumulating bacteria.
  • the multi-hole water inlet of the reaction column the water inlet of a single hole, the water flows out after passing through the stop valve 9 of the water outlet under the reaction column. Will flow successively through anaerobic anoxic and aerobic.
  • the bottom of the reaction column adopts multiple water inlets to feed water at the same time, and the position of the water inlets adopts a counterpoint design, so that a certain degree of swirl can be formed at the bottom of the reactor, so as to wash away the sludge accumulated at the bottom of the reaction column.
  • only one water inlet can be used at the lower part, and the impact strategy can be used when the sediment is formed, or the method of timing impact can be adopted.
  • the water outlet of the aeration column can adopt the strategy of discharging water from the middle section and the top together, so as to make full use of aeration and reduce the loss of water head.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)

Abstract

一种以升流式独立曝气自循环的高柱体好氧污泥床为主体的污水处理工艺，其主要过程包括：处理污水从反应柱（1）中上部进水口（11）进入，污水中氨氮在靠近中部高DO区域实现硝化作用去除水中的氨氮、随着水流上升在顶部DO降低，回流的硝态氮与污水中的COD进行反硝化，实现硝态氮和COD的同步去除，曝气柱（2）采用双回流进入反应柱（1），通过控制反应柱上进水口截止阀（7）和反应柱下进水口截止阀（8）实现对上升流速的控制与调节，最后曝气柱（2）的出水通过沉淀柱进水管（6）进入沉淀柱（3），沉淀柱（3）通过溢流排水，实现对SS的去除。

Description

一种升流式独立曝气自循环的高柱体好氧污泥床污水处理工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及一种升流式独立曝气自循环的高柱体好氧污泥膨胀床污水处理工艺，具体的说，本发明利用反应柱多点位进水，即满足了低水力停留时间与颗粒污泥较高剪切力的要求，又将水流流速控制在一个合理的范围内降低能耗。
背景技术
自从活性污泥法被开创以来，大部分污水处理工艺中一般以絮状污泥为主体进行污水处理，但就传统的以絮状污泥为主体的污水处理工艺而言，在其发展初期在污水处理领域有着不可取代的地位，但伴随着颗粒污泥法，尤其是好氧颗粒污泥法的出现，絮状污泥处理工艺其自身的缺陷与不足开始显现，与颗粒污泥法相比，絮状污泥具有，污泥生物量低污泥负荷低0.5-2.5KgCOD/(m 3·d)、占地面积大、剩余污泥产量大等缺点。
就好氧颗粒污泥处理系统而言，其自身的生物量极为丰富，污泥负荷高5-70KgCOD/(m 3·d)、占地面积小。因此颗粒污泥技术在高有机负荷等水质条件下均有很大应用前景，但就目前颗粒污泥技术的发展来说，其实际应用中仍存在着诸多的问题，颗粒污泥的形成与稳定运行需要上升水力的剪切力，这要求大量的曝气，以及现有的好氧颗粒污泥技术主要存在于非连续流中，使得污水的处理效率变低。为解决这一困扰，本发明旨在发明一种高效、低耗能的连续流好氧颗粒污泥处理工艺，对于连续流的颗粒污泥处理技术来说，为保障颗粒污泥所需的水流剪切力和减少占地面积，往往需要较高的深径比，这就要求较大的曝气量，为解决这一问题，本发明还通过多孔进水的设计降低了曝气量。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于发明一种以升流式独立曝气自循环的高柱体好氧污泥床为主体的污水处理工艺，通过反应柱的多孔进水，实现好氧颗粒污泥的低耗能高效连续污水处理。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
该好氧颗粒污泥处理工艺主要包括反应柱、曝气柱、沉淀柱三个主体构筑物构成，具体包括：回流管、回流管、沉淀柱进水管、反应柱上进水口截止阀、反应柱下进水口截止阀、反应柱下出水口截止阀、反应柱上出水口截止阀、进水口、曝气装置、在线DO检测、曝气柱进水口截止阀。
在反应柱柱体两侧上开有上下进水口并分别设有截水阀；反应柱上进水口截止阀、 反应柱下进水口截止阀、反应柱下出水口截止阀、曝气柱进水口截止阀，并利用回流管1、回流管2与曝气柱相连接；
曝气柱下部设有从反应柱回流来的进水口并设有曝气柱回流进水口截止阀，上部设有曝气柱回流出水口截止阀和顶部的曝气柱溢流出水口截止阀；溢流出水通过沉淀柱进水管进入沉淀柱，曝气柱底部设有曝气装置；
沉淀柱底部设有沉淀柱进水截止阀控制进水，底部设置曝气装置，顶部设有溢流堰及沉淀柱排水口，沉淀柱中上部设有沉淀柱上部排泥口截止阀、沉淀柱下部排泥口截止阀。
反应柱上根据高度设有两个或者多个曝气柱回流进水口，并通过多个出水口回流至回流管1中流入曝气柱中，曝气柱底部设有曝气装置，持续进行曝气，反应柱的每一个进水口及出水口处均设有截止阀，反应柱顶部安装在线DO检测系统，曝气柱顶部出水由管道连接流入沉淀柱底部。
曝气柱回流至反应柱的水流不仅可分成两股还可根据反应柱的柱体高度分成更多股从反应柱的不同高度位置进入到反应柱中，本发明所采用的反应柱多孔进水运行模式，有效解决了因高回流量而导致反应柱所需的上升流速过高的问题。
进一步地，曝气柱液面高度始终高于反应柱液面，且反应柱与曝气柱顶部均为敞开设计。
进一步地，反应柱与曝气柱均为高深径比柱体柱高约为2-15m，且曝气柱直径要小于反应柱。
进一步地，在反应柱顶部设有在线DO检测，通过观察DO分析反应器的运行状况。
为保证该工艺的处理效率，采用固定的较短的水力停留时间(12h)，为实现对需氧量的满足，曝气柱与反应柱之间拥有非常高的循环比与循环量以保证污水中污染物质的充分去除，以及颗粒污泥所需的高水力剪切力，这都要求反应柱及曝气柱的高水流速度。为实现高的循环比与循环量并且实现较高的水流剪切力，将水流流速控制在一个合理的范围里(15-50m/h)，在回流管1及回流管2上分别设有反应柱上进水口截止阀、反应柱下进水口截止阀、反应柱下出水口截止阀、反应柱上出水口截止阀，通过控制上述截止阀的开度，可以达到控制控制水流大小的作用，从而达到控制水流的上升流速。
反应柱中的上升水流实现对颗粒污泥的筛选，沉淀性能佳的污泥在反应柱底部形成好氧颗粒膨胀污泥床，沉淀性能差的污泥随回流进入曝气柱，一部分继续进行循环，一部分进入沉淀柱中沉淀后进行外排。在上升水流的带动下，颗粒污泥均匀且稳定的分布于反应柱 的不同DO区域内，实现对污水的高效去除，就颗粒污泥本身而言，由外至内有一明显的DO递减趋势。
反应柱底部通过多方向进水冲击，可充分缓解污泥堆积的情况。并且可使水流上升的更加均匀。可通过控制反应柱下进水口截止阀的开关对反应柱底部可能的污泥堆积进行冲刷。通过限制反应柱上进水口截止阀与反应柱上出水口截止阀可使水流主要通过反应柱下出水口截止阀进行回流，反应柱上部可以实现相对厌氧区域，进而可以实现磷的去除。
此外，在沉淀柱底部进行间歇曝气排泥，实现对颗粒污泥的筛选与回收。
通过该升流式独立曝气自循环的高柱体好氧污泥膨胀床污水处理工艺可实现连续的进出水，并保证达标排放。
反应柱颗粒污泥氧化所需溶解氧通过曝气柱曝气后的水流获得，通过计算我们可以得知，在水力停留时间与所需溶解氧和曝气后水中的溶解氧浓度一定时，水流的上升速度与反应柱的高度是成正比的，同样的水流的循环比与循环量也是和高度成正比的，为保证在较高的反应柱中活性污泥可以得到充足的溶解氧且维持一个短的停留时间，如不采用反应柱多孔进水，需要一个很高的上升流速。因此本发明的反应柱多孔进水设计将一部分循环水流从反应柱中段进入，将上升流速进行拆分，理论上上下进水口的水流速度的比会与其进水水量的比相近。
本发明采用曝气与颗粒污泥反应柱相分离的运行模式，单独设置曝气柱，使收到曝气的水流更加均匀的流入到反应柱，形成更加稳定的选择压，更有利于颗粒污泥的形成，并且随着上升水流的上升其溶解氧含量会产生一个较大的梯度变化，使得有机物氧化及硝化及反硝化作用均可在不同位置发挥其各自的作用，具体来说，
1)曝气后的水流带着充足的溶解氧经回流管从反应柱上下两个回流进水口进入反应柱中，此时刚进入反应柱的水流溶解氧为最大值，与刚通过反应柱进水口的进水溶液汇聚，进水溶液中的COD在充分溶解氧的作用下，被氧化，同时消耗大量的溶解氧。
2)在大量COD被氧化的同时氨氮也同样被在此处通过硝化作用被氧化生成硝酸盐，同样消耗大量的溶解氧。
3)随着水流的上升，溶解氧逐渐降低，在反硝化菌的作用下硝酸盐被反硝化用还原同时消耗大量COD。
4)同时，有颗粒污泥自身的性质，其为有多层微生物结构的球体，根据溶解氧的渗透程度不同，形成了具有不同功能的降解菌群，在其内部可形成相对缺氧的状态，在其外层则为好氧状态，在颗粒污泥内外可同步发生硝化及反硝化。
5)在颗粒污泥内部有大量聚磷菌群存在，即在外部溶解氧较高的情况下，也可以实现对于磷的吸收与去除。
6)在实际运行中为厌氧氨氧化菌的生成提供了条件，有利于其生成及培养。
附图说明
图1为本发明的流程刨面示意图；
图中：1-反应柱；2-曝气柱；3-沉淀柱；4-回流管1；5-回流管2；6-沉淀柱进水管；7-反应柱上进水口截止阀；8-反应柱下进水口截止阀；9-反应柱下出水口截止阀；10-曝气柱进水口截止阀；11-进水口；12-曝气装置；13-在线DO监测；14-曝气柱回流进水口截止阀；15-曝气柱回流出水口截止阀；16-曝气柱溢流出水口截止阀；17-沉淀柱进水截止阀；18-溢流堰；19-沉淀柱排水口；20-沉淀柱上部排泥口截止阀。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实例对本发明进行说明。
如图1所示一种以升流式独立曝气自循环的高柱体好氧污泥床为主体的污水处理工艺，通过反应柱的多孔进水，实现好氧颗粒污泥的低耗能高效连续污水处理。
如图所示，该处理工艺主要由反应柱1、曝气柱2、沉淀柱3、回流管1 4、回流管2 5、沉淀柱进水管6、反应柱上进水口截止阀7、反应柱下进水口截止阀8、反应柱下出水口截止阀9、曝气柱进水口截止阀10、进水口11、曝气装置12、在线DO监测13、曝气柱回流进水口截止阀14、曝气柱回流出水口截止阀15、曝气柱溢流出水口截止阀16、沉淀柱进水截止阀17、溢流堰18、沉淀柱排水口19、沉淀柱上部排泥口截止阀20、沉淀柱下部排泥口截止阀21构成。
反应柱1、曝气柱2、沉淀柱3均为竖立设置的柱状体。
在反应柱1柱体两侧上开有上下进水口并分别设有截水阀如图所示反应柱上进水口截止阀7、反应柱下进水口截止阀8、反应柱下出水口截止阀9、曝气柱进水口截止阀10，并利用回流管1 4、回流管2 5与曝气柱2相连接。反应柱顶部设有在线DO监测装置13。在中上部设有进水口11。
曝气柱2下部设有从反应柱回流来的进水口并设有曝气柱回流进水口截止阀14，上部设有曝气柱回流出水口截止阀15和顶部的曝气柱溢流出水口截止阀16。溢流出水通过沉淀柱进水管6进入沉淀柱3，曝气柱底部设有曝气装置12。
沉淀柱3底部设有沉淀柱进水截止阀17控制进水，底部设置曝气装置，顶部设有溢流堰18及沉淀柱排水口19，沉淀柱中上部设有排泥口及沉淀柱排泥口截止阀20。
具体运行步骤同设计说明书发明内容所述，结合图示再作简要复述：
反应柱上根据高度设有两个或者多个曝气柱回流进水口如图反应柱下进水口截止阀8、反应柱下出水口截止阀9，并通过多个出水口回流至回流管1 4中流入曝气柱2中，曝气柱底部设有曝气装置12，持续进行曝气，反应柱的每一个进水口及出水口处均设有截止阀如图反应柱下出水口截止阀9、曝气柱进水口截止阀10，反应柱顶部安装在线DO检测系统在线DO监测13，曝气柱顶部出水经曝气柱溢流出水口截止阀16由管道沉淀柱进水管6连接流过沉淀柱进水截止阀17进入沉淀柱底部。沉淀柱中清水从溢流堰流入出水口后流出，沉淀性能较差污泥通过上部排泥口及沉淀柱排泥口截止阀20被排除，沉淀性能较好的颗粒污泥由沉淀柱下部排泥口截止阀21排出后收集回用，底部设有曝气装置进行筛选。
具体去除原理为：
1)曝气后的水流带着充足的溶解氧经回流管从反应柱上下两个回流进水口进入反应柱中，此时刚进入反应柱的水流溶解氧为最大值，与刚通过反应柱进水口的进水溶液汇聚，进水溶液中的COD在充分溶解氧的作用下，被氧化，同时消耗大量的溶解氧。
2)在大量COD被氧化的同时氨氮也同样被在此处通过硝化作用被氧化生成硝酸盐，同样消耗大量的溶解氧。
3)随着水流的上升，溶解氧逐渐降低，在反硝化菌的作用下硝酸盐被反硝化用还原同时消耗大量COD。
4)同时，有颗粒污泥自身的性质，其为有多层微生物结构的球体，根据溶解氧的渗透程度不同，形成了具有不同功能的降解菌群，在其内部可形成相对缺氧的状态，在其外层则为好氧状态，在颗粒污泥内外可同步发生硝化及反硝化。
5)在颗粒污泥内部有大量聚磷菌群存在，即在外部溶解氧较高的情况下，也可以实现对于磷的吸收与去除。
6)在实际运行中为厌氧氨氧化菌的生成提供了条件，有利于其生成及培养。
在其具体运行时，还可有以下几种模式：
1、反应柱单孔进水多孔出水，由反应柱下进水口进水，即水流经过反应柱下进水口截止阀8进入反应柱内，没有了上方的反应柱进水口，水流将主要经反应柱下出水口截止阀9流出，反应柱上方水流会大量减少，从而形成相对厌氧区域，有利于聚磷菌对磷的吸收。
2、反应柱多孔进水，单孔进水，流经反应柱下出水口截止阀9后出水，在关闭曝气柱进水口截止阀10后反应柱上方将成为更加彻底的厌氧区，进水也将先后流经厌氧缺氧与好氧。
3、反应柱底部采用多个进水口同时进水，并且进水口位置采用对位设计，从而到达在反应器底部能够形成一定程度上的旋流，从而冲散反应柱底部堆积的污泥，在一般情况下下部进水口可只采用一个，在形成沉淀时可以使用改策略冲击，或者采用定时冲击的方法。
4、曝气柱的出水口可采用中段和顶部一同出水的策略，以达到充分利用曝气和减小水头损失的作用。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种升流式独立曝气自循环的高柱体好氧污泥膨胀床污水处理工艺，设有反应柱(1)、曝气柱(2)、沉淀柱(3)，其特征在于：
    在反应柱(1)柱体两侧上开有上下进水口并分别设有截水阀；反应柱上进水口截止阀(7)、反应柱下进水口截止阀(8)、反应柱下出水口截止阀(9)、曝气柱进水口截止阀(10)，并利用回流管1(4)、回流管2(5)与曝气柱(2)相连接；反应柱(1)在中上部设有进水口(11)；
    曝气柱(2)下部设有从反应柱回流来的进水口并设有曝气柱回流进水口截止阀(14)，上部设有曝气柱回流出水口截止阀(15)和顶部的曝气柱溢流出水口截止阀(16)；溢流出水通过沉淀柱进水管(6)进入沉淀柱(3)，曝气柱底部设有曝气装置(12)；
    沉淀柱(3)底部设有沉淀柱进水截止阀(17)控制进水，底部设置曝气装置，顶部设有溢流堰(18)及沉淀柱排水口(19)，沉淀柱中上部设有沉淀柱上部排泥口截止阀(20)、沉淀柱下部排泥口截止阀(21)；
    该工艺为：曝气装置(12)在曝气柱(2)底部进行曝气，带动水流向上流动，水流首先流经回流管2(5)然后通过反应柱上进水口截止阀(7)和反应柱下进水口截止阀(8)进入反应柱(1)中，另一部分水流在曝气柱顶部出水口通过沉淀柱进水管(6)进入沉淀柱中最终通过溢流排水，反应柱中的水流通过反应柱下出水口截止阀(9)和反应柱上出水口截止阀(10)进入回流管1(4)，通过进水口(11)进入反应柱(1)中，最终实现自循环处理；
    曝气柱(2)顶部出水经曝气柱溢流出水口截止阀(16)由管道沉淀柱进水管(6)连接流过沉淀柱进水截止阀(17)进入沉淀柱底部，沉淀柱(3)中清水从溢流堰(18)流入出水口后流出，沉淀性能较差污泥通过上部排泥口及沉淀柱排泥口截止阀(20)被排除，沉淀性能较好的颗粒污泥由沉淀柱下部排泥口截止阀(21)排出后收集回用，底部设有曝气装置进行筛选。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种升流式独立曝气自循环的高柱体好氧污泥膨胀床污水处理工艺，其特征在于：曝气柱(2)液面高度始终高于反应柱(1)液面，且反应柱与曝气柱顶部均为敞开设计。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种升流式独立曝气自循环的高柱体好氧污泥膨胀床污水处理工艺，其特征在于：反应柱与曝气柱均为高深径比柱体，柱高为2-15m，且曝气柱直径要小于反应柱。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种升流式独立曝气自循环的高柱体好氧污泥膨胀床污水处理工 艺，其特征在于：反应柱(1)顶部设有在线DO监测装置(13)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种升流式独立曝气自循环的高柱体好氧污泥膨胀床污水处理工艺，其特征在于：所述反应柱及曝气柱的水流流速为15-50m/h。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种升流式独立曝气自循环的高柱体好氧污泥膨胀床污水处理工艺，其特征在于：所述的反应柱(1)、曝气柱(2)、沉淀柱(3)均为竖立设置的柱状体。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种升流式独立曝气自循环的高柱体好氧污泥膨胀床污水处理工艺，其特征在于：曝气柱回流至反应柱的水流从反应柱的不同高度位置进入到反应柱中。
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