WO2023108540A1 - 一种电压测量电路及方法、电路板及控制模块 - Google Patents

一种电压测量电路及方法、电路板及控制模块 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023108540A1
WO2023108540A1 PCT/CN2021/138783 CN2021138783W WO2023108540A1 WO 2023108540 A1 WO2023108540 A1 WO 2023108540A1 CN 2021138783 W CN2021138783 W CN 2021138783W WO 2023108540 A1 WO2023108540 A1 WO 2023108540A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage measurement
voltage
low
circuit
module
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PCT/CN2021/138783
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马国斌
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to JP2023546080A priority Critical patent/JP2024504481A/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2021/138783 priority patent/WO2023108540A1/zh
Priority to KR1020237026493A priority patent/KR20230128359A/ko
Priority to CN202180097024.1A priority patent/CN117157535A/zh
Publication of WO2023108540A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023108540A1/zh
Priority to US18/232,839 priority patent/US20230384385A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/20—Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
    • G01R1/206—Switches for connection of measuring instruments or electric motors to measuring loads
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0084—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring voltage only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/10—Measuring sum, difference or ratio
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a voltage measurement circuit and method, a circuit board and a control module.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a voltage measurement circuit and method, a circuit board and a control module, so that both large-range measurement and measurement accuracy can be considered.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a voltage measurement circuit for measuring the voltage output by the battery.
  • the battery includes n cells connected in series, where n is an integer greater than 1; the circuit includes: The n low-voltage measurement modules, the first switch circuit, the second switch circuit, the reference voltage source and the control module are set in one-to-one correspondence, wherein the reference voltage source is used to output a preset reference voltage; the two ends of each low-voltage measurement module pass through the first A switch circuit is connected to the two ends of the corresponding electric core, and the two ends of each low-voltage measurement module are also connected to the two ends of the reference voltage source through the second switch circuit, and the control module is connected to the switch in the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit. unit, and the control module is also connected to each low-voltage measurement module; the control module is used to control the switch unit to be turned on or off, and obtain each low-voltage measurement module to measure the voltage of each cell.
  • the embodiment of the present application since the measurement range of the low-voltage measurement module is small and the measurement accuracy is high, the voltages at both ends of the n batteries in the battery can be measured by n low-voltage measurement modules respectively, and the measured voltages can be measured. Accumulation, as the measured battery output voltage, not only expands the measurement range of the voltage measurement circuit, but also ensures that the accumulative voltage measurement accuracy is close to the measurement accuracy of the low-voltage measurement module, so that both large-range measurement and measurement accuracy can be taken into account.
  • the embodiment of the present application can also use the reference voltage source to calibrate each low-voltage measurement module, which can further improve the accuracy of voltage measurement by the measurement equipment.
  • the first switch circuit includes n+1 first switch units; n-1 connection nodes formed by connecting n low-voltage measurement modules in series and the two ends of a branch formed by n low-voltage measurement modules in series are used as The first connectable node, the n-1 connection nodes formed by n cells in series and the two ends of the branch formed by n cells in series are used as the second connectable nodes, and each first connectable node passes through the first The switch unit is connected to the corresponding second connectable node.
  • the second switch circuit includes n+2 second switch units; n-1 connection nodes formed by connecting the n second switch units in series and two of the branches formed by the n second switch units connected in series As the third connectable node, each first connectable node is connected to the corresponding third connectable node through the second switch unit, and the two ends of the branch formed by the second switch unit in series are also connected to the second switch unit through the second switch unit. Both ends of the reference voltage source.
  • the second switch circuit includes 2n second switch units; both ends of the n low-voltage measurement modules are connected to both ends of the reference voltage source through the second switch units.
  • control module is specifically used to control each switch unit in the second switch circuit, so that when each low-voltage measurement module is disconnected from the reference voltage source, each switch unit in the first switch circuit The unit is controlled, and the voltages U 1 , U 2 ,..., U n of the corresponding battery cells are measured by each low-voltage measurement module; the control module is also used to control each switch unit in the first switch circuit, so that each low-voltage When the measurement module is disconnected from each battery cell, control each switch unit in the second switch circuit, and obtain voltages V 1 , V 2 , .
  • the control module is also used to calculate the difference between V 1 , V 2 , ..., V n and the preset reference voltage, and obtain the errors ⁇ v1 , ⁇ v2 , ..., ⁇ vn of each low-voltage measurement module, and according to ⁇ v1 , ⁇ v2 ,..., ⁇ vn calibrate U 1 , U 2 ,..., U n to get U 1 ', U 2 ',..., U n ', and then accumulate U 1 ', U 2 ',... , U sum obtained from U n ', as the measured output voltage of the battery.
  • the voltage measurement circuit also includes a high-voltage measurement module, the two ends of the high-voltage measurement module are connected to the two ends of the battery, and the control module is also connected to the high-voltage measurement module; the high-voltage measurement module is used to measure the voltage output by the battery to obtain V total ; The control module is specifically used to use U sum as the measured output voltage of the battery when
  • the measurement circuit in order to avoid continuous changes in the measured value due to the high precision of the low-voltage measurement module, the measurement circuit is also provided with a low-precision high-voltage measurement module, which is used to directly measure the voltage output by the battery.
  • a low-precision high-voltage measurement module which is used to directly measure the voltage output by the battery.
  • > ⁇ allow , and ⁇ vN ⁇ 0, according to the formula U n ' U n +
  • U n ' U n to obtain U 1 ', U 2 ',..., U n '; wherein, ⁇ allow is the setting allowable error of each low-voltage measurement module.
  • ⁇ allow is the smaller value of the first allowable error and the second allowable error, wherein the first allowable error is the maximum allowable error of each low-voltage measurement module, and the second allowable error is
  • the setting allowable error ⁇ allow of the low-voltage measurement module specifically the maximum allowable error of the low-voltage measurement module, and the maximum allowable error of the high-voltage measurement module allocated to the second allowable error of each low-voltage measurement module are smaller In this way, when the error satisfies ⁇ allow , the error requirements of the low-voltage measurement module and the high-voltage measurement module must be met at the same time.
  • setting the preset reference voltage as the average value of V 1 , V 2 , ..., V n can make the preset reference voltage close to the range where the voltage of each cell is located, reducing the number of low-voltage measuring devices.
  • the adjustment range also reduces the time spent on adjustment.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a voltage measurement method, based on the control module in any of the above-mentioned voltage measurement circuits, the method includes: controlling the switch units in the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit to turn on or off Open, and obtain each low-voltage measurement module to measure the voltage of each cell.
  • controlling the switch units in the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit to be turned on or off, and obtaining the voltages of each battery cell measured by each low-voltage measurement module includes: controlling each switch in the second switch circuit The units are controlled so that when each low-voltage measurement module is disconnected from the reference voltage source, each switch unit in the first switch circuit is controlled, and the voltage U1 of the corresponding battery cell is measured by each low-voltage measurement module , U 2 ,..., U n ; the method also includes: controlling each switch unit in the first switch circuit so that when each low-voltage measurement module is disconnected from each cell, the second switch circuit Each switching unit is controlled, and the voltages V 1 , V 2 , ..., V n output by the reference voltage source are measured by each low-voltage measurement module ; Preset the difference of the reference voltage to get the error ⁇ v1 , ⁇ v2 , ..., ⁇ vn of each low-voltage measurement module; calibrate U 1 , U 2 , ..., U
  • the voltage measurement circuit further includes a high-voltage measurement module, the two ends of the high-voltage measurement module are connected to the two ends of the battery, and the control module is also connected to the high-voltage measurement module, wherein the high-voltage measurement module is used to measure the voltage output by the battery to obtain V total ; U sum obtained by accumulating U 1 ', U 2 ',..., U n ' will be used as the measured output voltage of the battery, including: when
  • U 1 , U 2 , ..., U n are calibrated according to ⁇ v1 , ⁇ v2 , ..., ⁇ vn to obtain U 1 ', U 2 ', ..., U n ', including: in
  • > ⁇ allow , and ⁇ vN ⁇ 0, according to the formula U n ' U n -
  • > ⁇ allow , and ⁇ When vN ⁇ 0, according to the formula U n ' U n +
  • ⁇ allow , U n ' U n to get U 1 ', U 2 ',..., U n '; where, ⁇ allow is the setting allowable error of each low-voltage measurement module.
  • ⁇ allow is the smaller value of the first allowable error and the second allowable error, wherein the first allowable error is the maximum allowable error of each low-voltage measurement module, and the second allowable error is
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a circuit board, including the voltage measurement circuit in the foregoing implementation manner.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a control module, including: at least one processor; and a memory connected to the at least one processor in communication; wherein, the memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions Executed by at least one processor, so that the at least one processor can execute the voltage measurement method described above.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram 1 of a voltage measurement circuit disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram 2 of a voltage measuring circuit disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram 3 of a voltage measuring circuit disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a voltage measurement method disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a control module disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery voltage is one of the most basic monitoring parameters of the battery system.
  • the battery voltage can be used for high-voltage fault diagnosis, relay diagnosis, charge and discharge management, and battery safety warning.
  • the realization of these functions is inseparable from accurate and reliable voltage measurement values, but at present, there is a lack of necessary continuous monitoring and correction for changes in the accuracy of voltage measurement values, and the reliability is not high.
  • the batteries used in new energy vehicles are usually composed of multiple cells connected in series and parallel.
  • the voltage of the battery is usually high, so a large-range measuring instrument is required for measurement, but the accuracy of the large-range measuring instrument Low, it is difficult to meet the measurement accuracy requirements for battery voltage.
  • this application proposes the following technical idea: for a battery formed by a plurality of battery cells in series, specifically, through a plurality of low-voltage measurement modules with small ranges but high precision, the voltage of each battery cell is measured separately, and According to the measured voltage of each battery cell, it is accumulated as the measured voltage of the battery, so as to take into account the large range and high precision of the measured voltage.
  • each low-voltage measurement module can be calibrated by using a reference voltage source with higher accuracy than the low-voltage measurement module, so as to further ensure the measurement accuracy of the voltage measurement circuit.
  • a high-voltage measurement module with a large range but low precision can also be set to directly measure the voltage of the battery, and calculate it according to the low-voltage measurement module.
  • the measured voltage of the battery is used as a standard to calibrate the high-voltage measurement module when the measurement error of the high-voltage measurement module is too large.
  • the measurement result of the high-voltage measurement module is directly used.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a voltage measurement circuit for measuring the voltage output by the battery.
  • the battery 1 includes n cells C 1 -C n connected in series, where n is an integer greater than 1; the voltage
  • the measurement circuit includes: n low-voltage measurement modules V 1 -V n corresponding to n batteries C 1 -C n one by one, a first switch circuit 2, a second switch circuit 3, a reference voltage source 4 and a control module ( The control module is not shown in the accompanying drawings), wherein the reference voltage source 4 is used to output a preset reference voltage; the two ends of each low-voltage measurement module are connected to the two ends of the corresponding electric core through the first switch circuit 2, and each low-voltage The two ends of the measurement module are also connected to the two ends of the reference voltage source 4 through the second switch circuit 3, the control module is connected to the switch unit in the first switch circuit 2 and the second switch circuit 3, and the control module is also connected to each low-voltage measurement modules (the control module, and the connections between the
  • the control module is used to control the switch units in the first switch circuit 2 and the second switch circuit 3 to be turned on or off, and obtain the voltage of each battery cell measured by each low-voltage measurement module.
  • the low-voltage measurement module may be a small-range voltage sensor, for example, a small-range voltmeter.
  • the reference voltage source can be a programmable high-precision reference voltage source generation module, which can generate high-precision reference voltages with different voltage values according to actual needs, and the voltage values can be adjusted through programming.
  • the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit are respectively circuits formed by a plurality of switch units connected in series and/or in parallel, wherein the switch units are, for example, knife switches or relays.
  • the low-voltage measurement module is connected to the corresponding cell through the first switch circuit, and the low-voltage measurement module is also connected to the reference voltage source through the second switch circuit.
  • the control module can control the switches in the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit The unit is turned on and off to control whether the low-voltage measurement module measures the voltage of the battery cell or the voltage of the reference voltage source.
  • the low-voltage measurement module measures the voltage of the battery cell; when the control module only controls the connection between the low-voltage measurement module and the reference voltage source, the low-voltage measurement module measures the voltage of the reference voltage source Voltage, at this time, the output voltage of the reference voltage source and the voltage measured by the low-voltage measurement module can be used to calibrate the low-voltage measurement module.
  • the embodiment of the present application can also use the reference voltage source to calibrate each low-voltage measurement module, which can further improve the accuracy of voltage measurement by the measurement equipment.
  • the first switch circuit 2 includes n+1 first switch units S 0 -S n .
  • the n-1 connection nodes formed by series connection of n low-voltage measurement modules V 1 -V n and the two ends of the branch formed by series connection of n low-voltage measurement modules V 1 -V n are used as the first connectable node, and the n voltage measurement modules are connected in series.
  • the n-1 connection nodes formed by the series connection of the cores C 1 -C n and the two ends of the branches formed by the series connection of the n cells C 1 -C n are used as the second connectable nodes, and each first connectable node passes through the first
  • the switch unit is connected to the corresponding second connectable node.
  • n-1 connection nodes On a branch formed by n low-voltage measurement modules connected in series, n-1 connection nodes will be formed, where the connection node can be regarded as a node on the connection line between any two low-voltage measurement modules connected to the branch.
  • the first connectable nodes include the n-1 connection nodes and the two ends (as two nodes) of the branch formed by n low-voltage measurement modules connected in series. It can be seen that there are n+1 first connectable nodes in total.
  • n-1 connection nodes On a branch formed by n cells connected in series, n-1 connection nodes will be formed, where the connection node can be considered as a node on the connection line between any two cells connected on the branch.
  • the second connectable nodes include the n-1 connection nodes, and the two end points (as two nodes) of the branch formed by n batteries connected in series. It can be seen that there are n+1 second connectable nodes in total.
  • the two ends of the low-voltage measurement module can also be connected to the two ends of the corresponding cell through two first switch units, for example, the two ends of V 1 are connected to C through the first switch units S 0 and S 1 1 , the two ends of V2 are connected to the two ends of C2 through the first switch unit S1 and S2 , and so on, the two ends of Vn are connected through the first switch unit Sn -1 and Sn at both ends of C n .
  • the control module can control the conduction of each first switch unit to connect the low-voltage measurement modules V 1 -V n and the corresponding cells C 1 -C n , so that the low-voltage measurement modules V 1 -V n can measure the corresponding cells C 1 -C n voltage.
  • the second switch circuit 3 includes n+2 second switch units A 0 -A n+1 .
  • n-1 connection nodes formed by n second switch units in series and the two ends of the branch formed by n second switch units in series are used as the third connectable nodes, and each first connectable node passes through the second switch unit respectively.
  • the two ends of the branch formed by the second switching unit in series are also connected to the two ends of the reference voltage source 4 through the second switching unit.
  • connection nodes On a branch formed by n second switch units connected in series, n-1 connection nodes will be formed, where the connection node can be considered as one of the connection lines between any two second switch units connected to the branch. node.
  • the third connectable nodes include the n-1 connection nodes and the two ends (as two nodes) of the branch formed by the n second switch units connected in series. It can be seen that there are n+1 third connectable nodes in total.
  • control module can specifically control the second switch units except A1 to be turned on, and only A1 is turned off to connect the series loop of the low-voltage measurement module V1 and the reference voltage source 4, so that the low-voltage measurement module V 1 measures the output voltage of the reference voltage source 4 , and then calibrates the low voltage measurement module V 1 by comparing the measured voltage of the low voltage measurement module V 1 with the preset output voltage of the reference voltage source 4 .
  • control module can connect the series circuit of the low-voltage measurement module V 2 and the reference voltage source 4 by controlling the second switch units except A 2 to be turned on, and only disconnect A 2 , so as to control the low-voltage measurement module V 2 to calibrate.
  • all the low-voltage measurement modules V 1 -V n can be calibrated to improve the accuracy of the voltage measurement circuit in measuring the battery voltage.
  • the second switch circuit includes 2n second switch units A 0 -A 2n-1 ; both ends of the n low-voltage measurement modules V 1 -V n are connected through the second switch unit across the reference voltage source 4.
  • control module can connect the series loop of the low-voltage measurement modules V 1 -V n and the reference voltage source 4 by turning on each second switch unit, so that the output voltage of the reference voltage source 4 can be measured by the low-voltage measurement modules V 1 -V n , Furthermore, the low-voltage measurement modules V 1 -V n are calibrated by comparing the measured voltages of the low-voltage measurement modules V 1 -V n with the output voltage of the reference voltage source 4, so as to improve the accuracy of the voltage measurement circuit in measuring battery voltage.
  • control module can connect the series loop of the low-voltage measurement module V 1 and the reference voltage source 4 by connecting A 0 and A 1 ; the control module can also connect the low-voltage measurement module V 2 by connecting A 2 and A 3 and a series loop of the reference voltage source 4.
  • the control module can simultaneously connect the series loop of the low-voltage measurement modules V 1 -V n and the reference voltage source 4 by turning on the second switch unit A 0 -A 2n-1 at the same time, and then the low-voltage measurement module V 1 - V n can measure the voltage across the reference voltage source 4 at the same time, that is, each low-voltage measurement module can measure the voltage across the reference voltage source 4 in parallel.
  • a specific control mode of the control module is provided.
  • the control module is used to control each switch unit in the second switch circuit 3, so that when each low-voltage measurement module V 1 -V n is disconnected from the reference voltage source 4, each switch unit in the first switch circuit 2
  • the switching unit is controlled, and the voltages U 1 , U 2 ,..., U n of the corresponding battery cells C 1 -C n are obtained by measuring the low-voltage measurement modules V 1 -V n ;
  • the control module is also used to control the first switching circuit
  • Each switch unit in 2 is controlled so that each low-voltage measurement module V 1 -V n is disconnected from each cell C 1 -C n , and each switch unit in the second switch circuit 3 is controlled, and obtain the voltages V 1 , V 2 , ..., V n output by the reference voltage source 4 through the measurement of the low-voltage measurement modules V 1 -V n respectively;
  • the control module is also used to calculate V 1 , V 2 , ...
  • the control module will record the measured values U 1 , U 2 ,..., U n ; when the control module turns off S 0 -S n , and turns on A 0 and A n+1 , it turns on all the second switch units except A 1 -A n in order to Record the measured values V 1 , V 2 , ..., V n at both ends of the reference voltage source 4 of the low-voltage measurement modules V 1 -V n respectively, and then calculate the difference between V 1 , V 2 , ..., V n and the preset reference voltage difference, get the error ⁇ v1 , ⁇ v2 ,..., ⁇ vn of each low-voltage measurement module V 1 -V n , and perform U 1 , U 2 ,..., U n according to ⁇ v1 , ⁇ v2 ,..., ⁇ vn Calibration to obtain U 1 ′ , U 2 ′, . .
  • a specific control mode of the control module is provided, and the measurement errors ⁇ v1 , ⁇ v2 ,..., ⁇ vn of the low-voltage measurement module can be obtained more accurately, and the low-voltage measurement can be compensated by calibration
  • the accuracy of the module declines to ensure the accuracy of the whole life cycle measurement of the low-voltage measurement module.
  • the voltage measurement circuit further includes a high voltage measurement module 5 , the two ends of the high voltage measurement module 5 are connected to the two ends of the battery 1 , and the control module is also connected to the high voltage measurement module 5 .
  • one end of the high voltage measurement module 5 can be connected to one end of the battery 1 through at least one switch unit, and the other end of the battery 1 is connected to the other end of the high voltage measurement module 5, or the two ends of the high voltage measurement module 5 can be Each is connected to both ends of the battery 1 through at least one switch unit.
  • the control module is connected to the switch unit and is used for controlling the switch unit to be turned on or off. When the control module controls the switch unit to be turned on, the high voltage measurement module 5 and the measurement circuit of the battery 1 are connected, so that the high voltage measurement module 5 measures the voltage across the battery 1 .
  • both ends of the high voltage measurement module 5 can be connected to both ends of the battery 1 through a switch unit, and the control module is also connected to the two switch units for controlling the switch unit to be turned on or off.
  • the control module controls the two switch units to be turned on at the same time, the high voltage measurement module 5 and the measurement circuit of the battery 1 are connected, so that the high voltage measurement module 5 measures the voltage across the battery 1 .
  • the high-voltage measurement module 5 is used to measure the voltage output by the battery 1 to obtain V total ; the control module is specifically used to use U sum as the measured output of the battery 1 when
  • the high-voltage measurement module 5 may be a large-range voltage sensor, such as a large-range voltmeter.
  • the measurement range of the low-voltage measurement module is small and the measurement accuracy is high, for example, the measurement accuracy of the low-voltage measurement module is 0.01V
  • the measurement recorded by the low-voltage measurement module will be changed value, which may cause the voltage measurement circuit to output the measured value of the battery 1 voltage to continuously change up and down, and the output measured value is not stable enough.
  • the voltage V total at both ends of the battery 1 is directly measured by the high-voltage measurement module 5, and then the U sum measured and calculated by the low-voltage measurement module is obtained, and compared with the measurement by the high-voltage measurement module 5 voltage and U sum , if the absolute value of the difference between the two is too large, specifically greater than the allowable error of the high-voltage measurement module 5, it is considered that the measurement accuracy of the high-voltage measurement module 5 is difficult to reach the measurement accuracy of the battery 1 voltage.
  • the measurement value of the high voltage measurement module 5 needs to be calibrated according to U sum , specifically, U sum is used as the measurement value of the high voltage measurement module 5 .
  • the measurement circuit in order to avoid the measurement value of the battery measured by the voltage measurement circuit from continuously changing due to the high precision of the low-voltage measurement module, the measurement circuit is also provided with a high-voltage measurement module with low precision, which is used to directly measure the output of the battery. , and only when the absolute value of the difference between the voltage V total and U sum measured by the high-voltage measurement module is greater than the allowable error of the high-voltage measurement module, the U sum measured by the low-voltage measurement module is used as the measured battery output voltage.
  • the above-described embodiment can obtain the test error
  • a specific implementation manner of calibrating U 1 , U 2 , . . . , Un is provided.
  • > ⁇ allow , and ⁇ vN ⁇ 0, according to the formula U n ' U n +
  • ⁇ allow , U n ' U n , to obtain U 1 ', U 2 ',..., U n '; wherein, ⁇ allow is the allowable error in setting of each low-voltage measurement module V 1 -V n .
  • the control module can calibrate U 1 , U 2 ,..., U n when the measurement error of the low-voltage measurement module is too large, specifically when
  • the control module When the measurement error of the low-voltage measurement module is within the allowable range, specifically when
  • ⁇ allow , the control module directly sets U n ' U n to obtain U 1 ', U 2 ',..., U n ', which means that U 1 , U 2 ,..., U n are not calibrated.
  • ⁇ allow is the smaller value of the first allowable error and the second allowable error, wherein the first allowable error is the maximum allowable error of each low-voltage measurement module, and the second allowable error is
  • the setting allowable error ⁇ allow of the low-voltage measurement module specifically the maximum allowable error of the low-voltage measurement module, and the maximum allowable error of the high-voltage measurement module allocated to the second allowable error of each low-voltage measurement module are smaller In this way, when the error satisfies ⁇ allow , the error requirements of the low-voltage measurement module and the high-voltage measurement module must be met at the same time.
  • technicians can also set the preset reference voltage V REF according to actual needs.
  • setting the preset reference voltage as the average value of V 1 , V 2 , ..., V n can make the preset reference voltage close to the range where the voltage of each cell is located, reducing the number of low-voltage measuring devices.
  • the adjustment range also reduces the time spent on adjustment.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a voltage measurement method, based on the control module in the voltage measurement circuit of any of the above embodiments, the components included in the voltage measurement circuit and the connection relationship between the modules, etc., you can refer to the above voltage measurement circuit corresponding to the embodiment.
  • the voltage measurement method includes: controlling the switch units in the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit to be turned on or off, and obtaining each low-voltage measurement module to measure the voltage of each cell.
  • controlling the switch units in the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit to be turned on or off, and obtaining the voltages of each battery cell measured by each low-voltage measurement module includes: controlling each switch in the second switch circuit The units are controlled so that when each low-voltage measurement module is disconnected from the reference voltage source, each switch unit in the first switch circuit is controlled, and the voltage U1 of the corresponding battery cell is measured by each low-voltage measurement module , U 2 ,..., U n ; the method also includes: controlling each switch unit in the first switch circuit so that when each low-voltage measurement module is disconnected from each cell, the second switch circuit Each switching unit is controlled, and the voltages V 1 , V 2 , ..., V n output by the reference voltage source are measured by each low-voltage measurement module ; Preset the difference of the reference voltage to get the error ⁇ v1 , ⁇ v2 , ..., ⁇ vn of each low-voltage measurement module; calibrate U 1 , U 2 , ..., U
  • the voltage measurement circuit further includes a high-voltage measurement module, the two ends of the high-voltage measurement module are connected to the two ends of the battery, and the control module is also connected to the high-voltage measurement module, wherein the high-voltage measurement module is used to measure the voltage output by the battery to obtain V total ; the Usum obtained by accumulating U 1 ', U 2 ',..., Un' will be used as the measured output voltage of the battery, including: when
  • > ⁇ allow , and ⁇ vN ⁇ 0, according to the formula U n ' U n +
  • ⁇ allow , U n ' U n , so as to obtain U 1 ', U 2 ',..., U n '; where, ⁇ allow is the setting allowable error of each low-voltage measurement module.
  • ⁇ allow is the smaller value of the first allowable error and the second allowable error, wherein the first allowable error is the maximum allowable error of each low-voltage measurement module, and the second allowable error is
  • Step 101 close S 0 , S 1 , S 2 , ..., S n-2 , S n-1 , S n , open A 0 , A 1 , A 2 , ..., A n-1 , A n , A n+1 , measuring the voltages U 1 , U 2 , ... U n-1 , U n of the cells C 1 , C 2 ,..., C n-1 , C n .
  • Step 102 setting the preset reference voltage V REF of the reference voltage source as the average value of U 1 , U 2 , . . . n-1 +U n )/n.
  • Step 103 open S 0 , S 1 , S 2 , ..., S n-2 , S n-1 , S n , close A 0 , A 1 , ..., A x-1 , A x+1 , ... , A n , A n+1 , use A x to measure the preset reference voltage, denoted as V REFAx .
  • a 0 , A 1 , ..., A x-1 , A x+1 , ..., A n , A n+1 that is, close all A number switches except A x ; x ranges from 1 to n , V REFA1 , V REFA2 , ..., V REFAn-1 , V REFAn can be measured.
  • Step 104 calculate V REFAx -V REF to obtain the absolute errors ⁇ v1 , ⁇ v2 , .
  • ⁇ v1 , ⁇ v2 , ..., ⁇ vn can be positive, negative, or 0.
  • Step 105 the maximum allowable error of the measured value V total of the high-voltage measurement module is set to the absolute value
  • Step 106 judging whether
  • Step 107 judge whether ⁇ vn is greater than or equal to 0, if yes, go to step 109; if not, go to step 110.
  • , ⁇ vn ' - ⁇ allow .
  • , ⁇ vn ' ⁇ allow .
  • Step 111 accumulating U 1 ', U 2 ', ..., U n ' to obtain U sum , accumulating ⁇ v1 ', ⁇ v2 ', ..., ⁇ vn ' to obtain an error value ⁇ n of U sum .
  • Step 112 judging whether
  • Step 113 modify V total to U sum , update
  • to ⁇ n output, that is, V' total U sum ,
  • ' ⁇ n .
  • Step 114 output according to the actual measured value V total of the high voltage measurement module ,
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a circuit board, including the voltage measurement circuit in the foregoing implementation manner.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a control module, please refer to FIG. 5 , including: at least one processor 201; and a memory 202 communicatively connected to at least one processor 201; Instructions executed by 201, the instructions are executed by at least one processor 201, so that at least one processor 201 can execute the voltage measurement method described above.
  • the memory and the processor are connected by a bus
  • the bus may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, and the bus connects one or more processors and various circuits of the memory together.
  • the bus may also connect together various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, all of which are well known in the art and therefore will not be further described herein.
  • the bus interface provides an interface between the bus and the transceivers.
  • a transceiver may be a single element or multiple elements, such as multiple receivers and transmitters, providing means for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium.
  • the data processed by the processor is transmitted on the wireless medium through the antenna, further, the antenna also receives the data and transmits the data to the processor.
  • the processor is responsible for managing the bus and general processing, and can also provide various functions, including timing, peripheral interface, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. Instead, memory can be used to store data that the processor uses when performing operations.

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电压测量电路及方法、电路板及控制模块。电路用于测量电池输出的电压，电池包括串联的n个电芯，其中，n为大于1的整数；电路包括：与n个电芯一一对应设置的n个低压测量模块、第一开关电路、第二开关电路、参考电压源和控制模块，其中，参考电压源用于输出预设参考电压；各低压测量模块的两端通过第一开关电路连接于对应的电芯的两端，各低压测量模块的两端还通过第二开关电路连接于参考电压源的两端，控制模块连接于第一开关电路和第二开关电路中开关单元，控制模块还连接于各低压测量模块。本申请使得大量程测量与测量精度得以兼顾。

Description

一种电压测量电路及方法、电路板及控制模块 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电压测量电路及方法、电路板及控制模块。
背景技术
在电压测量领域，技术人员通常使用万用表、电压测量仪等仪器测量电压，而这些传统的测量仪器无法同时兼顾量程与精度，若要测量大量程电压，则只能降低测量精度；若要提高测量精度，则只能测量小量程电压。
目前，对大量程电压进行高精度测量的问题亟待解决。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种电压测量电路及方法、电路板及控制模块，使得大量程测量与测量精度得以兼顾。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电压测量电路，用于测量电池输出的电压，电池包括串联的n个电芯，其中，n为大于1的整数；电路包括：与n个电芯一一对应设置的n个低压测量模块、第一开关电路、第二开关电路、参考电压源和控制模块，其中，参考电压源用于输出预设参考电压；各低压测量模块的两端通过第一开关电路连接于对应的电芯的两端，各低压测量模块的两端还通过第二开关电路连接于参考电压源的两端，控制模块连接于第一开关电路和第二开关电路中开关单元，控制模块还连接于各低压测量模块；控制模块用于控制开关单元导通或断开，并获取各低压测量模块测量各电芯的电压。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，由于低压测量模块的测量量程小而测 量精度高，故可以由n个低压测量模块分别测量电池中的n个电芯两端的电压，并将测量得到的电压进行累加，作为测量得到的电池输出的电压，既扩大了电压测量电路的测量量程，还保证了累加得到的电压测量精度接近于低压测量模块的测量精度，使得大量程测量与测量精度得以兼顾。另外，本申请实施例还可以利用参考电压源，对各低压测量模块进行校准，可以进一步提高测量设备测量电压的准确性。
在一些实施例中，第一开关电路包括n+1个第一开关单元；将n个低压测量模块串联形成的n-1个连接节点和n个低压测量模块串联形成的支路的两端作为第一可连接节点，将n个电芯串联形成的n-1个连接节点和n个电芯串联形成的支路的两端作为第二可连接节点，各第一可连接节点分别通过第一开关单元连接于对应的第二可连接节点。
在上述实施例中，提供了第一开关电路的一种具体电路结构。
在一些实施例中，第二开关电路包括n+2个第二开关单元；将n个第二开关单元串联形成的n-1个连接节点和n个第二开关单元串联形成的支路的两端作为第三可连接节点，各第一可连接节点分别通过第二开关单元连接于对应的第三可连接节点，第二开关单元串联形成的支路的两端还通过第二开关单元连接于参考电压源的两端。
在上述实施例中，提供了第二开关电路的一种具体电路结构。
在一些实施例中，第二开关电路包括2n个第二开关单元；n个低压测量模块的两端均通过第二开关单元连接在参考电压源两端。
在上述实施例中，提供了第二开关电路的另一种具体电路结构，可以由各低压测量模块同时测量参考电压源两端的电压，减少了获取各低压测量模块对应的误差值的时间。
在一些实施例中，控制模块具体用于对第二开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，使得各低压测量模块与参考电压源均断开连接的情况下，对 第一开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，并通过各低压测量模块测量得到对应的电芯的电压U 1，U 2，…，U n；控制模块还用于对第一开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，使得各低压测量模块与各电芯均断开连接的情况下，对第二开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，并分别通过各低压测量模块测量得到参考电压源输出的电压V 1，V 2，…，V n；控制模块还用于分别计算V 1，V 2，…，V n与预设参考电压的差值，得到各低压测量模块的误差σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn，并根据σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn对U 1，U 2，…，U n进行校准，得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’，再将累加U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’得到的U sum，作为测量得到的电池输出的电压。
在上述实施例中，提供了控制模块的一种具体控制方式。
在一些实施例中，电压测量电路还包括高压测量模块，高压测量模块的两端连接于电池的两端，控制模块还连接于高压测量模块；高压测量模块用于测量电池输出的电压得到V total；控制模块具体用于在|V total-U sum|大于高压测量模块的允许误差时，将U sum作为测量得到的电池输出的电压。
在上述实施例中，为了避免由于低压测量模块的精度过高而导致测量值不停变化，测量电路还设置有精度较低的高压测量模块，用来直接测量电池输出的电压，并且只有在高压测量模块测量的电压V total与U sum的差的绝对值大于高压测量模块的允许误差时，才使用低压测量模块测量得到的U sum作为测量得到的电池输出的电压。
在一些实施例中，控制模块还具体用于在|σ vN|>σ allow，且σ vN≥0时，根据公式U n’＝U n-|σ vN|校准U 1，U 2，…，U n；在|σ vN|>σ allow，且σ vN<0时，根据公式U n’＝U n+|σ vN|校准U 1，U 2，…，U n；在|σ vN|≤σ allow时，U n’＝U n，以得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’；其中，σ allow为各低压测量模块的设定允许误差。
在上述实施例中，提供了对U 1，U 2，…，U n进行校准的一种具体实施方式。
在一些实施例中，σ allow为第一允许误差和第二允许误差中的较小值，其中，第一允许误差为各低压测量模块的最大允许误差，第二允许误差为|σ vtotal|/N，|σ vtotal|为高压测量模块的最大允许误差。
在上述实施例中，低压测量模块的设定允许误差σ allow，具体是低压测量模块的最大允许误差，和高压测量模块的最大允许误差分配到各低压测量模块上的第二允许误差中更小的那个误差，这样当误差满足σ allow时，就一定可以同时满足低压测量模块和高压测量模块的误差要求。
在一些实施例中，控制模块还连接于参考电压源，控制模块还用于设置预设参考电压V REF＝(V 1+V 2+…+V n)/n。
在上述实施例中，设置预设参考电压为V 1，V 2，…，V n的平均值，可以使得预设参考电压接近各个电芯的电压所处的区间，减小了各低压测量设备的调整幅度，也减少了调整所耗费的时间。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电压测量方法，基于上述任一的电压测量电路中的控制模块，方法包括：控制第一开关电路和第二开关电路中的开关单元导通或断开，并获取各低压测量模块测量各电芯的电压。
在一些实施例中，控制第一开关电路和第二开关电路中的开关单元导通或断开，并获取各低压测量模块测量各电芯的电压，包括：对第二开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，使得各低压测量模块与参考电压源均断开连接的情况下，对第一开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，并通过各低压测量模块测量得到对应的电芯的电压U 1，U 2，…，U n；方法还包括：对第一开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，使得各低压测量模块与各电芯均断开连接的情况下，对第二开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，并分别通过各低压测量模块测量得到参考电压源输出的电压V 1，V 2，…，V n；分别计算V 1，V 2，…，V n与参考电压源输出的预设参考电压的差值，得到各 低压测量模块的误差σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn；根据σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn对U 1，U 2，…，U n进行校准，得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’；将累加U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’得到的U sum，作为测量得到的电池输出的电压。
在一些实施例中，电压测量电路还包括高压测量模块，高压测量模块的两端连接于电池的两端，控制模块还连接于高压测量模块，其中，高压测量模块用于测量电池输出的电压得到V total；将累加U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’得到的U sum，作为测量得到的电池输出的电压，包括：在|V total-U sum|大于高压测量模块的允许误差时，将U sum作为测量得到的电池输出的电压。
在一些实施例中，根据σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn对U 1，U 2，…，U n进行校准，得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’，包括：在|σ vN|>σ allow，且σ vN≥0时，根据公式U n’＝U n-|σ vN|校准U 1，U 2，…，U n；在|σ vN|>σ allow，且σ vN<0时，根据公式U n’＝U n+|σ vN|校准U 1，U 2，…，U n；在|σ vN|≤σ allow时，U n’＝U n，以得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’；其中，σ allow为各低压测量模块的设定允许误差。
在一些实施例中，σ allow为第一允许误差和第二允许误差中的较小值，其中，第一允许误差为各低压测量模块的最大允许误差，第二允许误差为|σ vtotal|/N，|σ vtotal|为高压测量模块的最大允许误差。
在一些实施例中，控制模块还连接于参考电压源，控制模块还用于设置预设参考电压V REF＝(V 1+V 2+…+V n)/n。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电路板，包括上述实施方式中的电压测量电路。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种控制模块，包括：至少一个处理器；以及，与至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；其中，存储器存储有可被至少一个处理器执行的指令，指令被至少一个处理器执行，以使至少一个处理器能够执行上述电压测量方法。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例公开的一种电压测量电路的电路示意图一；
图2是本申请一实施例公开的一种电压测量电路的电路示意图二；
图3是本申请一实施例公开的一种电压测量电路的电路示意图三；
图4是本申请一实施例公开的一种电压测量方法的流程示意图；
图5是本申请一实施例公开的一种控制模块的方框示意图；
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：电池—1，第一开关电路—2，第二开关电路—3，参考电压源—4，高压测量模块—5，电芯—C 1-C n，低压测量模块—V 1-V n，第一开关单元—S 0-S n，第二开关单元—A 0-A n+1/A 0-A 2n-1。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解 为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在电压测量领域，技术人员通常使用万用表、电压测量仪等仪器测量电压，而这些传统的测量仪器无法同时兼顾量程与精度，若要测量大量程电压，则只能降低测量精度；若要提高测量精度，则只能测量小量程电压。目前，对大量程电压进行高精度测量的问题亟待解决。
随着新能源产业快速发展，使用电池系统作为能源存储与释放的设备越来越普遍，而其中电池电压是电池系统最基本的监测参数之一。电池电压可用于高压故障诊断、继电器诊断、充放电管理以及电池安全预警等方面。这些功能的实现都离不开准确可靠的电压测量值，而目前对于电压测量值精度的变化缺少必要的持续监控与修正，可靠性不高。
举例来说，新能源汽车所采用的电池，通常是由多个电芯串并联而成的，电池的电压通常较高，因此需要大量程的测量仪器进行测量，但大量程的测量仪器的精度较低，难以满足对电池电压的测量精度要求。
基于上述问题，本申请提出了以下技术构思：对于由多个电芯串联形成的电池来说，具体是通过多个量程小但精度较高的低压测量模块，分别测量各电芯的电压，并根据测量得到的各电芯的电压，累加作为电池的 测量电压，以兼顾测量电压的大量程和高精度。在一些实施例中，还可以利用相较于低压测量模块精度更高的参考电压源，对各低压测量模块进行校准，以进一步保证电压测量电路的测量精度。在一些实施例中，为了避免由于低压测量模块的精度过高而导致测量值不停变化，还可以设置量程大但精度较小的高压测量模块直接测量电池的电压，并根据低压测量模块计算得到的电池的测量电压作为标准，以在高压测量模块的测量误差过大时，对高压测量模块进行校准，在高压测量模块的测量误差在允许范围内时，直接使用高压测量模块的测量结果。
本申请实施例提供了一种电压测量电路，用于测量电池输出的电压，请参考图1，电池1包括串联的n个电芯C 1-C n，其中，n为大于1的整数；电压测量电路包括：与n个电芯C 1-C n一一对应设置的n个低压测量模块V 1-V n、第一开关电路2、第二开关电路3、参考电压源4和控制模块(控制模块在附图中未示出)，其中，参考电压源4用于输出预设参考电压；各低压测量模块的两端通过第一开关电路2连接于对应的电芯的两端，各低压测量模块的两端还通过第二开关电路3连接于参考电压源4的两端，控制模块连接于第一开关电路2和第二开关电路3中的开关单元，控制模块还连接于各低压测量模块(控制模块，以及控制模块和各低压测量模块的连接在图中未示出)。
控制模块用于控制第一开关电路2和第二开关电路3中的开关单元导通或断开，并获取各低压测量模块测量各电芯的电压。
下面对本实施方式的电压测量电路的实现细节进行具体的说明，以下内容仅为方便理解提供的实现细节，并非实施本方案的必须。
低压测量模块可以为小量程的电压传感器，例如为小量程的电压表。
参考电压源可以为可编程高精度参考电压源生成模块，可以按照实际需要生成不同电压值的高精度参考电压，该电压值可以通过编程进行调整。
第一开关电路和第二开关电路分别是由多个开关单元串联和/或并联形成的电路，其中开关单元例如为闸刀开关或继电器。
具体地，低压测量模块通过第一开关电路连接于对应的电芯，低压测量模块还通过第二开关电路连接于参考电压源，控制模块可以通过控制第一开关电路和第二开关电路中的开关单元的导通和断开，来控制低压测量模块测量的是电芯的电压，还是参考电压源的电压。当控制模块仅控制连通低压测量模块和电芯时，低压测量模块测量的是电芯的电压，当控制模块仅控制连通低压测量模块和参考电压源时，低压测量模块测量的是参考电压源的电压，此时可以利用参考电压源的输出电压和低压测量模块测量的电压，对低压测量模块进行校准。
在本实施例中，由于低压测量模块的测量量程小而测量精度高，故可以由n个低压测量模块分别测量电池中的n个电芯两端的电压，并将测量得到的电压进行累加，作为测量得到的电池输出的电压，既扩大了电压测量电路的测量量程，还保证了累加得到的电压测量精度接近于低压测量模块的测量精度，使得大量程测量与测量精度得以兼顾。另外，本申请实施例还可以利用参考电压源，对各低压测量模块进行校准，可以进一步提高测量设备测量电压的准确性。
在一些实施例中，请参考图1，第一开关电路2包括n+1个第一开关单元S 0-S n。
将n个低压测量模块V 1-V n串联形成的n-1个连接节点和n个低压测量模块V 1-V n串联形成的支路的两端作为第一可连接节点，将n个电芯C 1-C n串联形成的n-1个连接节点和n个电芯C 1-C n串联形成的支路的两端作为第二可连接节点，各第一可连接节点分别通过第一开关单元连接于对应的第二可连接节点。
n个低压测量模块依次串联形成的一条支路上，会形成n-1个连接节点，这里的连接节点可以认为是位于支路上相连的任意两个低压测量模块之间的连接线上的一个节点。第一可连接节点包括这n-1个连接节点，以及n个低压测量模块串联形成的支路的两个端点(作为两个节点)，可见，共有n+1个第一可连接节点。
n个电芯依次串联形成的一条支路上，会形成n-1个连接节点，这里的连接节点可以认为是位于支路上相连的任意两个电芯之间的连接线上 的一个节点。第二可连接节点包括这n-1个连接节点，以及n个电芯串联形成的支路的两个端点(作为两个节点)，可见，共有n+1个第二可连接节点。
在一些实施例中，低压测量模块的两端也可以通过两个第一开关单元连接于对应的电芯两端，例如，V 1的两端通过第一开关单元S 0和S 1连接于C 1的两端，V 2的两端通过第一开关单元S 1和S 2连接于C 2的两端，以此类推，V n的两端通过第一开关单元S n-1和S n连接于C n的两端。
控制模块可以通过控制各个第一开关单元导通，连通低压测量模块V 1-V n和对应的电芯C 1-C n，使低压测量模块V 1-V n得以测量对应的电芯C 1-C n的电压。
在上述实施例中，提供了第一开关电路的具体电路结构。
在一些实施例中，请参考图1，第二开关电路3包括n+2个第二开关单元A 0-A n+1。
将n个第二开关单元串联形成的n-1个连接节点和n个第二开关单元串联形成的支路的两端作为第三可连接节点，各第一可连接节点分别通过第二开关单元连接于对应的第三可连接节点，第二开关单元串联形成的支路的两端还通过第二开关单元连接于参考电压源4的两端。
n个第二开关单元依次串联形成的一条支路上，会形成n-1个连接节点，这里的连接节点可以认为是位于支路上相连的任意两个第二开关单元之间的连接线上的一个节点。第三可连接节点包括这n-1个连接节点，以及n个第二开关单元串联形成的支路的两个端点(作为两个节点)，可见，共有n+1个第三可连接节点。
举例来说，控制模块具体可以通过控制除A 1外的第二开关单元均导通，仅断开A 1，来连通低压测量模块V 1和参考电压源4的串联回路，以由低压测量模块V 1测量参考电压源4的输出电压，进而通过比较低压测量模块V 1的测量电压和参考电压源4的预设输出电压，来对低压测量模块V 1进行校准。同理，控制模块可以通过控制除A 2外的第二开关单元均导通，仅断开A 2，来连通低压测量模块V 2和参考电压源4的串联回路，进而对低压测量模块V 2进行校准。以此类推，可以对低压测量模块V 1-V n均 进行校准，以提高电压测量电路测量电池电压的准确性。
在上述实施例中，提供了第二开关电路的一种具体电路结构。
在一些实施例中，请参考图2，第二开关电路包括2n个第二开关单元A 0-A 2n-1；n个低压测量模块V 1-V n的两端均通过第二开关单元连接在参考电压源4两端。
控制模块具体可以通过导通各第二开关单元，连通低压测量模块V 1-V n和参考电压源4的串联回路，以由低压测量模块V 1-V n测量参考电压源4的输出电压，进而通过比较低压测量模块V 1-V n的测量电压和参考电压源4的输出电压，来对低压测量模块V 1-V n进行校准，以提高电压测量电路测量电池电压的准确性。
举例来说，控制模块可以通过导通A 0和A 1，连通低压测量模块V 1和参考电压源4的串联回路；控制模块也可以通过导通A 2和A 3，连通低压测量模块V 2和参考电压源4的串联回路。以此类推，控制模块可以通过同时导通第二开关单元A 0-A 2n-1，以同时连通低压测量模块V 1-V n和参考电压源4的串联回路，进而低压测量模块V 1-V n可以同时测量参考电压源4两端的电压，即，各低压测量模块可以并行测量参考电压源4两端的电压。
在上述实施例中，提供了第二开关电路的另一种电路结构，无需如图1对应的实施例，需要在导通A 0和A n+1时，依次导通除A 1-A n外的所有第二开关单元，以依次连通低压测量模块V 1-V n与参考电压源的串联回路，本实施例中的低压测量模块V 1-V n可以同时测量参考电压源两端的电压，进而减少了获取各低压测量模块对应的误差值的时间。
在一些实施例中，提供了控制模块的一种具体控制方式。控制模块用于对第二开关电路3中的各开关单元进行控制，使得各低压测量模块V 1-V n与参考电压源4均断开连接的情况下，对第一开关电路2中的各开 关单元进行控制，并通过各低压测量模块V 1-V n测量得到对应的电芯C 1-C n的电压U 1，U 2，…，U n；控制模块还用于对第一开关电路2中的各开关单元进行控制，使得各低压测量模块V 1-V n与各电芯C 1-C n均断开连接的情况下，对第二开关电路3中的各开关单元进行控制，并分别通过各低压测量模块V 1-V n测量得到参考电压源4输出的电压V 1，V 2，…，V n；控制模块还用于分别计算V 1，V 2，…，V n与预设参考电压的差值，得到各低压测量模块V 1-V n的误差σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn，并根据σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn对U 1，U 2，…，U n进行校准，得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’，再将累加U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’得到的U sum，作为测量得到的电池1输出的电压。
以图1的电路为例进行说明，控制模块会在断开A 0-A n+1，且导通S 0-S n时，记录低压测量模块V 1-V n的测量值U 1，U 2，…，U n；控制模块还会在断开S 0-S n，且导通A 0和A n+1时，依次导通除A 1-A n外的所有第二开关单元，以记录低压测量模块V 1-V n的分别测量参考电压源4两端的测量值V 1，V 2，…，V n，再分别计算V 1，V 2，…，V n与预设参考电压的差值，得到各低压测量模块V 1-V n的误差σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn，并根据σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn对U 1，U 2，…，U n进行校准，得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’，再将累加U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’得到的U sum，作为测量得到的电池1输出的电压。
下面以对U 1校准为例进行说明，在控制模块导通S 0和S 1时，连通了低压测量模块V 1与电芯C 1的串联回路，记录低压测量模块V 1测量电芯C 1的电压U 1＝5V；在控制模块导通除A 1外的所有第二开关单元时，连通了低压测量模块V 1与参考电压源4的串联回路，记录低压测量模块V 1测量参考电压源4的电压V 1＝3V，若参考电压源4的预设参考电压为2.8V，则低压测量模块V 1的误差σ v1＝3-2.8＝0.2V，可以认为低压测量模块V 1的测量值比实际值大0.2V，进而可以利用σ v1对低压测量模块V 1测量的U 1 进行校准，例如，U 1’＝U 1-σ v1＝5-0.2＝4.8V。
在上述实施例中，提供了控制模块的一种具体控制方式，并且，可以比较准确地得到低压测量模块的测量误差σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn，并通过校准的方式来弥补低压测量模块的精度衰退，以保证低压测量模块全生命周期测量的准确性。
在一些实施例中，请参考图3，电压测量电路还包括高压测量模块5，高压测量模块5的两端连接于电池1的两端，控制模块还连接于高压测量模块5。
在一些实施例中，高压测量模块5的一端可以通过至少一个开关单元连接于电池1的一端，电池1的另一端再连接于高压测量模块5的另一端，或者高压测量模块5的两端可以各通过至少一个开关单元连接于电池1的两端。控制模块连接于开关单元，用于控制开关单元导通或断开。当控制模块控制开关单元导通时，即连通了高压测量模块5和电池1的测量回路，以由高压测量模块5测量电池1两端的电压。
在一些实施例中，高压测量模块5的两端可以各通过一个开关单元连接于电池1的两端，控制模块还连接于这两个开关单元，用于控制开关单元导通或断开。当控制模块控制这两个开关单元同时导通时，即连通了高压测量模块5和电池1的测量回路，以由高压测量模块5测量电池1两端的电压。
高压测量模块5用于测量电池1输出的电压得到V total；控制模块具体用于在|V total-U sum|大于高压测量模块5的允许误差时，将U sum作为测量得到的电池1输出的电压。
高压测量模块5可以为大量程的电压传感器，例如为大量程的电压表。
由于低压测量模块的测量量程较小，测量精度较高，例如低压测量 模块的测量精度为0.01V，则当低压测量模块的测量值的变化大于0.01V时，就会改变低压测量模块记录的测量值，这可能导致电压测量电路输出电池1电压的测量值上下不停变化，输出的测量值不够稳定。
本实施例通过设置测量精度较低的高压测量模块5，直接由高压测量模块5测量电池1两端的电压V total，再获取通过低压测量模块测量并计算得到的U sum，比较高压测量模块5测量的电压和U sum，若二者的差值的绝对值过大时，具体大于高压测量模块5的允许误差时，则认为此时高压测量模块5的测量精度难以达到测量电池1电压的测量精度，需要根据U sum对高压测量模块5的测量值进行校准，具体就是将U sum作为高压测量模块5的测量值。
在上述实施例中，为了避免由于低压测量模块的精度过高，而导致电压测量电路对电池的测量值不停变化，测量电路还设置有精度较低的高压测量模块，用来直接测量电池输出的电压，并且只有在高压测量模块测量的电压V total与U sum的差的绝对值大于高压测量模块的允许误差时，才使用低压测量模块测量得到的U sum作为测量得到的电池输出的电压。上述实施例可以比较准确地得到高压测量模块的测试误差|V total-U sum|，并通过校准获得高精度的高压测量值，高精度的高压测量值有利于进行更准确的高压故障诊断、继电器诊断、充放电管理以及电池安全预警等。
在一些实施例中，提供了对U 1，U 2，…，U n进行校准的一种具体实施方式。控制模块还具体用于在|σ vN|>σ allow，且σ vN≥0时，根据公式U n’＝U n-|σ vN|校准U 1，U 2，…，U n；在|σ vN|>σ allow，且σ vN<0时，根据公式U n’＝U n+|σ vN|校准U 1，U 2，…，U n；在|σ vN|≤σ allow时，U n’＝U n，以得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’；其中，σ allow为各低压测量模块V 1-V n的设定允许误差。
控制模块可以在低压测量模块的测量误差过大时，具体是在 |σ vN|>σ allow时，对U 1，U 2，…，U n进行校准，在此分两种情况，一种是当σ vN≥0时，认为低压测量模块的测量值相较于实际值过大，此时通过减去测量值和实际值的差值，即通过U n’＝U n-|σ vN|来校准U 1，U 2，…，U n；另一种是当σ vN<0时，认为低压测量模块的测量值相较于实际值过小，此时通过增加测量值和实际值的差值，即通过U n’＝U n+|σ vN|来校准U 1，U 2，…，U n，以得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’。
当低压测量模块的测量误差在允许范围内时，具体是在|σ vN|≤σ allow时，控制模块直接令U n’＝U n，以得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’，相当于没有对U 1，U 2，…，U n进行校准。
下面以对U 1校准为例进行说明，若σ v1＝0.2V，σ allow＝0.1V，此时σ v1>σ allow，需要对U 1进行校准，由于σ v1＝0.2V>0，则U 1’＝U 1-σ v1＝U 1-0.2V。
在一些实施例中，σ allow为第一允许误差和第二允许误差中的较小值，其中，第一允许误差为各低压测量模块的最大允许误差，第二允许误差为|σ vtotal|/N，|σ vtotal|为高压测量模块的最大允许误差。
在上述实施例中，低压测量模块的设定允许误差σ allow，具体是低压测量模块的最大允许误差，和高压测量模块的最大允许误差分配到各低压测量模块上的第二允许误差中更小的那个误差，这样当误差满足σ allow时，就一定可以同时满足低压测量模块和高压测量模块的误差要求。
在一些实施例中，控制模块还可以连接于参考电压源4，控制模块还可以设置预设参考电压V REF＝(V 1+V 2+…+V n)/n。
在另一些实施例中，技术人员也可以根据实际需要，对预设参考电压V REF进行设置。
在上述实施例中，设置预设参考电压为V 1，V 2，…，V n的平均值，可以使得预设参考电压接近各个电芯的电压所处的区间，减小了各低压测量设备的调整幅度，也减少了调整所耗费的时间。
本申请实施例提供了一种电压测量方法，基于上述任一实施例的电压测量电路中的控制模块，电压测量电路中包括的元器件及各模块之间的连接关系等，可以参见上述电压测量电路对应的实施例。
电压测量方法包括：控制第一开关电路和第二开关电路中的开关单元导通或断开，并获取各低压测量模块测量各电芯的电压。
在一些实施例中，控制第一开关电路和第二开关电路中的开关单元导通或断开，并获取各低压测量模块测量各电芯的电压，包括：对第二开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，使得各低压测量模块与参考电压源均断开连接的情况下，对第一开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，并通过各低压测量模块测量得到对应的电芯的电压U 1，U 2，…，U n；方法还包括：对第一开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，使得各低压测量模块与各电芯均断开连接的情况下，对第二开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，并分别通过各低压测量模块测量得到参考电压源输出的电压V 1，V 2，…，V n；分别计算V 1，V 2，…，V n与参考电压源输出的预设参考电压的差值，得到各低压测量模块的误差σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn；根据σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn对U 1，U 2，…，U n进行校准，得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’；将累加U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’得到的U sum，作为测量得到的电池输出的电压。
在一些实施例中，电压测量电路还包括高压测量模块，高压测量模块的两端连接于电池的两端，控制模块还连接于高压测量模块，其中，高压测量模块用于测量电池输出的电压得到V total；将累加U 1’，U 2’，…，Un’得到的Usum，作为测量得到的电池输出的电压，包括：在|V total-U sum|大于高压测量模块的允许误差时，将U sum作为测量得到的电池输出的电压。
在一些实施例中，在|σ vN|>σ allow，且σ vN≥0时，根据公式U n’＝U n-|σ vN|校准U 1，U 2，…，U n；在|σ vN|>σ allow，且σ vN<0时，根据公式U n’＝U n+|σ vN|校准U 1，U 2，…，U n；在|σ vN|≤σ allow时，U n’＝U n，以得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’；其中，σ allow为各低压测量模块的设定允许误差。
在一些实施例中，σ allow为第一允许误差和第二允许误差中的较小值，其中，第一允许误差为各低压测量模块的最大允许误差，第二允许误差为|σ vtotal|/N，|σ vtotal|为高压测量模块的最大允许误差。
在一些实施例中，控制模块还连接于参考电压源，控制模块还用于设置预设参考电压V REF＝(V 1+V 2+…+V n)/n。
在一些实施例中，基于图3的电路示意图，请参考图4的电压测量方法的流程示意图。
步骤101，闭合S 0，S 1，S 2，……，S n-2，S n-1，S n，断开A 0，A 1，A 2，……，A n-1，A n，A n+1，测量电芯C 1，C 2，……，C n-1，C n的电压U 1，U 2，……U n-1，U n。
步骤102，设置参考电压源的预设参考电压V REF为U 1，U 2，……，U n-1，U n的平均值，即V REF＝(U 1+U 2+……+U n-1+U n)/n。
步骤103，断开S 0，S 1，S 2，……，S n-2，S n-1，S n，闭合A 0，A 1，…，A x-1，A x+1，…，A n，A n+1，用A x测量预设参考电压，记为V REFAx。
其中，闭合A 0，A 1，…，A x-1，A x+1，…，A n，A n+1，即，闭合除A x外的所有A编号开关；x范围为1～n，可以测得V REFA1，V REFA2，……，V REFAn-1，V REFAn。
步骤104，计算V REFAx-V REF，以得到低压测量模块V 1，V 2，……，V n-1，V n的绝对误差σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn。
其中，σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn可以为正，也可以为负，也可以为0。
步骤105，高压测量模块的测量值V total的最大允许误差设置为绝对值|σ vtotal|，低压测量设备V 1，V 2，……，V n-1，V n的最大允许误差设置为绝对值|σ v|，对|σ vtotal|/n和|σ v|取较小值，记为σ allow。
步骤106，判断|σ vn|是否大于σ allow，若是，则进入步骤107；若否，则进入步骤108。
步骤107，判断σ vn是否大于或等于0，若是，则进入步骤109；若否，则进入步骤110。
步骤108，低压测量模块V n的测量值按照实际测量值U n输出，σ vn不更新，即U n’＝U n，σ vn’＝σ vn。
步骤109，将低压测量模块V n的测量值U n修正为U n’＝U n-|σ vn|，σ vn’＝-σ allow。
步骤110，将低压测量模块V n的测量值U n修正为U n’＝U n+|σ vn|，σ vn’＝σ allow。
步骤111，累加U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’得到U sum，累加σ v1’，σ v2’，…，σ vn’得到U sum的误差值σ n。
步骤112，判断|V total-U sum|是否大于高压测量模块的允许误差σ vtotal，若是，则进入步骤113；若否，则进入步骤114。
步骤113，将V total修正为U sum，|V total-U sum|更新为σ n输出，即V’ total＝U sum，|V total-U sum|’＝σ n。
步骤114，按照高压测量模块的实际测量值V total输出，|V total-U sum|不变，即V’ total＝V total，|V total-U sum|’＝|V total-U sum|。
本申请实施例提供了一种电路板，包括上述实施方式中的电压测量电路。
本申请实施例提供了一种控制模块，请参考图5，包括：至少一个处理器201；以及，与至少一个处理器201通信连接的存储器202；其中，存储器202存储有可被至少一个处理器201执行的指令，指令被至少一个处理器201执行，以使至少一个处理器201能够执行上述电压测量方法。
其中，存储器和处理器采用总线方式连接，总线可以包括任意数量的互联的总线和桥，总线将一个或多个处理器和存储器的各种电路连接在一起。总线还可以将诸如外围设备、稳压器和功率管理电路等之类的各种其他电路连接在一起，这些都是本领域所公知的，因此，本文不再对其进行进一步描述。总线接口在总线和收发机之间提供接口。收发机可以是一个元件，也可以是多个元件，比如多个接收器和发送器，提供用于在传输介质上与各种其他装置通信的单元。经处理器处理的数据通过天线在无线介质上进行传输，进一步，天线还接收数据并将数据传送给处理器。
处理器负责管理总线和通常的处理，还可以提供各种功能，包括定时，外围接口，电压调节、电源管理以及其他控制功能。而存储器可以被用于存储处理器在执行操作时所使用的数据。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种电压测量电路，用于测量电池输出的电压，所述电池包括串联的n个电芯，其中，n为大于1的整数；
    所述电路包括：与所述n个电芯一一对应设置的n个低压测量模块、第一开关电路、第二开关电路、参考电压源和控制模块，其中，所述参考电压源用于输出预设参考电压；
    各所述低压测量模块的两端通过所述第一开关电路连接于对应的所述电芯的两端，各所述低压测量模块的两端还通过所述第二开关电路连接于所述参考电压源的两端，所述控制模块连接于所述第一开关电路和所述第二开关电路中开关单元，所述控制模块还连接于各所述低压测量模块；
    所述控制模块用于控制所述开关单元导通或断开，并获取各所述低压测量模块测量各所述电芯的电压。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电压测量电路，其中，所述第一开关电路包括n+1个第一开关单元；
    将所述n个低压测量模块串联形成的n-1个连接节点和所述n个低压测量模块串联形成的支路的两端作为第一可连接节点，将所述n个电芯串联形成的n-1个连接节点和所述n个电芯串联形成的支路的两端作为第二可连接节点，各所述第一可连接节点分别通过所述第一开关单元连接于对应的所述第二可连接节点。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电压测量电路，其中，所述第二开关电路包括n+2个第二开关单元；
    将n个所述第二开关单元串联形成的n-1个连接节点和n个所述第二开关单元串联形成的支路的两端作为第三可连接节点，各所述第一可连接节点分别通过所述第二开关单元连接于对应的所述第三可连接节点，所述 第二开关单元串联形成的支路的两端还通过所述第二开关单元连接于所述参考电压源的两端。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电压测量电路，其中，所述第二开关电路包括2n个第二开关单元；
    所述n个低压测量模块的两端均通过第二开关单元连接在所述参考电压源两端。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一所述的电压测量电路，其中，
    所述控制模块具体用于对所述第二开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，使得各所述低压测量模块与所述参考电压源均断开连接的情况下，对所述第一开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，并通过各所述低压测量模块测量得到对应的所述电芯的电压U 1，U 2，…，U n；
    所述控制模块还用于对所述第一开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，使得各所述低压测量模块与各所述电芯均断开连接的情况下，对所述第二开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，并分别通过各所述低压测量模块测量得到所述参考电压源输出的电压V 1，V 2，…，V n；
    所述控制模块还用于分别计算V 1，V 2，…，V n与所述预设参考电压的差值，得到各所述低压测量模块的误差σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn，并根据σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn对U 1，U 2，…，U n进行校准，得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’，再将累加U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’得到的U sum，作为测量得到的所述电池输出的电压。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电压测量电路，其中，所述电压测量电路还包括高压测量模块，所述高压测量模块的两端连接于所述电池的两端，所述控制模块还连接于所述高压测量模块；
    所述高压测量模块用于测量所述电池输出的电压得到V total；
    所述控制模块具体用于在|V total-U sum|大于所述高压测量模块的允许误差 时，将U sum作为测量得到的所述电池输出的电压。
  7. 根据权利要求5至6中任一所述的电压测量电路，其中，
    所述控制模块还具体用于在|σ vN|>σ allow，且σ vN≥0时，根据公式U n’＝U n-|σ vN|校准U 1，U 2，…，U n；在|σ vN|>σ allow，且σ vN<0时，根据公式U n’＝U n+|σ vN|校准U 1，U 2，…，U n；在|σ vN|≤σ allow时，U n’＝U n，以得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’；
    其中，σ allow为各所述低压测量模块的设定允许误差。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电压测量电路，其中，所述σ allow为第一允许误差和第二允许误差中的较小值，其中，所述第一允许误差为各所述低压测量模块的最大允许误差，所述第二允许误差为|σ vtotal|/N，|σ vtotal|为所述高压测量模块的最大允许误差。
  9. 根据权利要求5至8中任一所述的电压测量电路，其中，所述控制模块还连接于所述参考电压源，所述控制模块还用于设置所述预设参考电压V REF＝(V 1+V 2+…+V n)/n。
  10. 一种电压测量方法，基于如权利要求1至4中任一所述的电压测量电路中的控制模块，所述方法包括：
    控制第一开关电路和第二开关电路中的开关单元导通或断开，并获取各低压测量模块测量各电芯的电压。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电压测量方法，其中，控制第一开关电路和第二开关电路中的开关单元导通或断开，并获取各低压测量模块测量各电芯的电压，包括：
    对所述第二开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，使得各所述低压测量模块与参考电压源均断开连接的情况下，对所述第一开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，并通过各所述低压测量模块测量得到对应的电芯的电压 U 1，U 2，…，U n；
    所述方法还包括：
    对所述第一开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，使得各所述低压测量模块与各所述电芯均断开连接的情况下，对所述第二开关电路中的各开关单元进行控制，并分别通过各所述低压测量模块测量得到所述参考电压源输出的电压V 1，V 2，…，V n；
    分别计算V 1，V 2，…，V n与所述参考电压源输出的预设参考电压的差值，得到各所述低压测量模块的误差σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn；
    根据σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn对U 1，U 2，…，U n进行校准，得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’；
    将累加U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’得到的U sum，作为测量得到的电池输出的电压。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电压测量方法，其中，所述电压测量电路还包括高压测量模块，所述高压测量模块的两端连接于所述电池的两端，所述控制模块还连接于所述高压测量模块，其中，所述高压测量模块用于测量所述电池输出的电压得到V total；
    所述将累加U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’得到的U sum，作为测量得到的电池输出的电压，包括：
    在|V total-U sum|大于所述高压测量模块的允许误差时，将U sum作为测量得到的所述电池输出的电压。
  13. 根据权利要求11至12中任一所述的电压测量方法，其中，所述根据σ v1，σ v2，…，σ vn对U 1，U 2，…，U n进行校准，得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’，包括：
    在|σ vN|>σ allow，且σ vN≥0时，根据公式U n’＝U n-|σ vN|校准U 1，U 2，…，U n；
    在|σ vN|>σ allow，且σ vN<0时，根据公式U n’＝U n+|σ vN|校准U 1，U 2，…，U n；
    在|σ vN|≤σ allow时，U n’＝U n，以得到U 1’，U 2’，…，U n’；
    其中，σ allow为各所述低压测量模块的设定允许误差。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电压测量方法，其中，所述σ allow为第一允许误差和第二允许误差中的较小值，其中，所述第一允许误差为各所述低压测量模块的最大允许误差，所述第二允许误差为|σ vtotal|/N，|σ vtotal|为所述高压测量模块的最大允许误差。
  15. 根据权利要求11至14中任一所述的电压测量方法，其中，所述控制模块还连接于所述参考电压源，所述控制模块还用于设置所述预设参考电压V REF＝(V 1+V 2+…+V n)/n。
  16. 一种电路板，包括如权利要求1至9任一所述的电压测量电路。
  17. 一种控制模块，包括：
    至少一个处理器；以及，
    与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；其中，
    所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令，所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行，以使所述至少一个处理器能够执行如权利要求10至15中任一所述的电压测量方法。
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