WO2023103356A1 - 近场宽带波束赋形方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 - Google Patents

近场宽带波束赋形方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 Download PDF

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WO2023103356A1
WO2023103356A1 PCT/CN2022/102290 CN2022102290W WO2023103356A1 WO 2023103356 A1 WO2023103356 A1 WO 2023103356A1 CN 2022102290 W CN2022102290 W CN 2022102290W WO 2023103356 A1 WO2023103356 A1 WO 2023103356A1
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field
array
sub
antenna array
far
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PCT/CN2022/102290
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English (en)
French (fr)
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戴凌龙
崔铭尧
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清华大学
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0691—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using subgroups of transmit antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
    • H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/0874—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using subgroups of receive antennas

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of communications, and in particular to a near-field broadband beamforming method, device, electronic equipment, and storage medium.
  • the present application provides a near-field broadband beamforming method, device, electronic equipment, and storage medium, which are used to solve the defects in the prior art that the beams of the ultra-large-scale antenna array near-field broadband communication system are severely split and affect the received signal strength of users. It overcomes the influence of the near-field broadband effect on the system speed of the ultra-large-scale antenna array, and effectively improves the communication rate of the ultra-large-scale antenna array.
  • the present application provides a near-field broadband beamforming method, wherein the method is applied to a base station with a first antenna array, and the first antenna array is a very large-scale antenna array, and the method includes: using the base station's The first antenna array is divided into multiple sub-arrays, the sub-arrays include multiple antennas; based on the preset far-field channel model, determine the far-field codeword of each sub-array; based on the preset near-field channel model and each of the The far-field codeword of the subarray is used to determine the near-field codeword of the first antenna array; based on the near-field codeword of the first antenna array, the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station is shaped.
  • the sub-array is provided with a first delayer
  • the antenna of the sub-array is provided with a first phase shifter
  • the preset far-field channel model based on , determining the far-field codeword of each sub-array, including: determining a first delay parameter of the first delayer, and determining a first phase shift parameter of the first phase shifter; based on the predetermined A far-field channel model, the first delay parameter, and the first phase-shift parameter are set to determine a far-field codeword of the subarray.
  • the preset far-field channel model is expressed as the following formula:
  • w q (f) represents the far-field codeword of the qth subarray
  • ⁇ ′ q represents the first delay parameter of the qth subarray
  • Represents the first phase shift parameter on the pth antenna of the qth sub-array, where p [0,1,2,...P-1], f represents the signal frequency transmitted by the antenna in the sub-array, and j represents an imaginary number unit.
  • the first delay parameter is determined by: determining the first distance between the subarray center of the subarray and the user, and determining the first distance between the subarray center of the subarray and the subarray A first included angle between the array center and the normal direction of the user; based on the first distance and the first included angle, determine the first delay parameter.
  • the determination of the first delay parameter based on the first distance and the first angle is implemented by the following formula:
  • ⁇ ' q represents the first delay parameter
  • r q represents the first distance
  • ⁇ q represents the first angle
  • c represents the speed of light
  • P represents the number of antennas in the subarray
  • d represents the Antenna spacing between adjacent antennas in the subarray.
  • the near-field broadband beamforming method further includes: performing non-negative constraint processing on the first delay parameter to obtain the processed first delay parameter;
  • the processed first delay parameter is used as the final first delay parameter.
  • the non-negative constraint processing on the first delay parameter is realized by the following formula:
  • ⁇ ′′ q represents the first delay parameter after the processing
  • ⁇ ′ q represents the first delay parameter
  • T represents the common delay
  • T -min ⁇ ′ q .
  • the first phase shift parameter is determined in the following manner: determining the first angle between the center of the subarray of the subarray and the normal direction of the user; based on the The first included angle is used to determine the first phase shift parameter.
  • the determination of the first phase shift parameter based on the first angle is determined by the following formula:
  • ⁇ q represents the first included angle
  • P represents the number of antennas in the sub-array
  • f c represents the frequency of the center carrier of the sub-array
  • c represents the speed of light
  • p represents the Antenna number of the p-th antenna of the subarray
  • d indicates the antenna spacing between adjacent antennas in the subarray.
  • the determination of the near-field codeword of the first antenna array based on the preset near-field channel model and the far-field codeword of each sub-array includes: : determine the first number of antennas of the first antenna array; determine the number of the first antenna array based on the preset near-field channel model, the first number of antennas, and the far-field codewords of each sub-array near-field codewords.
  • the determination of the first The near-field codeword of the antenna array is realized by the following formula:
  • w(f) represents the near-field codeword of the first antenna array
  • N represents the number of the first antennas
  • w 0 ... w Q-1 represents the far-field codeword of each sub-array.
  • the present application also provides a near-field broadband beamforming device, wherein the device is applied to a base station with a first antenna array, and the first antenna array is an ultra-large-scale antenna array, and the device includes: a division module configured to Dividing the first antenna array of the base station into multiple sub-arrays, the sub-arrays include multiple antennas; a processing module configured to determine the far-field codewords of each of the sub-arrays based on a preset far-field channel model, And for determining the near-field codeword of the first antenna array based on the preset near-field channel model and the far-field codeword of each sub-array; the determining module is used for determining the near-field codeword based on the first antenna array
  • the codeword is used to perform shaping processing on the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and operable on the processor.
  • the processor executes the program, the near-field broadband described in any one of the above is realized. Steps of the beamforming method.
  • the present application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of any one of the near-field broadband beamforming methods described above are implemented.
  • the present application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program.
  • a computer program product including a computer program.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of any one of the near-field broadband beamforming methods described above are implemented.
  • the near-field broadband beamforming method, device, electronic equipment, and storage medium provided by the present application divide the first antenna array of the base station into multiple sub-arrays, and determine the far-field codes of each sub-array based on the preset far-field channel model word, and based on the preset near-field channel model and the far-field codeword of each sub-array to determine the near-field codeword of the first antenna array, the complex near-field beamforming codeword can be decoupled into the far-field codeword in each sub-array A field codeword and a near-field codeword between sub-arrays of the first antenna array.
  • the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station is shaped, so that the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station is focused on the user position, and the near-field broadband effect is overcome for ultra-large-scale antenna array systems. Influenced by the speed, the communication speed of the ultra-large-scale antenna array is effectively improved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the near-field broadband effect
  • FIG. 2 is one of the schematic flow charts of the near-field broadband beamforming method provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of beams generated by base station antennas in far-field channel mode
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of beams generated by base station antennas in near-field channel mode
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of beams generated by base station antennas in the partitioned far-field channel mode provided by the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of near-field broadband beamforming with phase control provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is one of the flow diagrams for determining the far-field codewords of each sub-array based on the preset far-field channel model provided by the present application;
  • Fig. 8 is one of the schematic flow charts for determining the first delay parameter provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is one of the schematic flow charts for determining the first phase-shifting parameter provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is one of the schematic flow charts for determining the near-field codeword of the first antenna array provided by the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of system reachability and rate performance comparison using the near-field broadband beamforming method provided by this application;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a near-field broadband beamforming device provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by the present application.
  • 610 radio frequency link
  • 620 delay layer
  • 630 phase shift layer
  • ultra-large-scale array communication technology based on spatial asymptotic orthogonality can double the spectral efficiency of wireless communication systems, and is one of the representative communication technologies of 5G technology.
  • ultra-large-scale array communication technology with a larger array size is expected to improve system performance, and has broad application prospects in 6G mobile communication systems.
  • the potential key technologies of the current 6G technology include terahertz communication to increase the transmission rate, ultra-large-scale MIMO to improve spectral efficiency, and intelligent metasurface communication to improve coverage.
  • the common feature of these three key technologies is that they all use ultra-large-scale array communication technology.
  • ultra-large-scale array communication technologies such as terahertz communication and smart metasurfaces to further improve the transmission rate and coverage in complex environments.
  • ultra-large-scale array communication technology can also be applied to scenarios such as satellite communication, deep space communication, and offshore communication, multiplying system performance.
  • the near-field radius of existing large-scale arrays is small (determined by the Rayleigh distance, proportional to the square of the array aperture divided by the signal wavelength), less than 1 meter, and the user activity area is almost all in the far field.
  • the beam generated by the array antenna propagates along a certain direction in the form of a plane wave.
  • the near-field radius of very large-scale arrays has also undergone a qualitative change.
  • the near-field range of ultra-large-scale arrays is as high as several meters or even tens of meters, which is difficult to ignore in practical systems.
  • the electromagnetic wave signal focuses energy in a certain area of the physical space in the form of a spherical wave, rather than in a single direction.
  • the equi-phase planes of beams generated by traditional phased arrays will shift with frequency, thus introducing serious beam splitting problems.
  • Fig. angle spread As shown in Fig. angle spread.
  • the near-field broadband effect will cause the beams of different frequency points to focus on different physical areas in the two dimensions of "distance-angle", which deviates from the user's area and seriously affects the user.
  • the strength of the received signal is the strongest signal.
  • the present application provides a near-field broadband beamforming method, which decouples complex near-field beamforming codewords into far-field codewords in each subarray and the first antenna array by partitioning far-field beamforming codewords The near-field codewords between the subarrays. And through the near-field codeword of the first antenna array, the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station is shaped, so that the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station is focused on the user position, and the near-field broadband effect is overcome for ultra-large-scale antenna array systems. Influenced by the speed, the communication speed of the ultra-large-scale antenna array is effectively improved.
  • Fig. 2 is one of the schematic flow charts of the near-field broadband beamforming method provided by the present application.
  • the near-field broadband beamforming method may be applied to a base station with a first antenna array, where the first antenna array is a very large-scale antenna array.
  • the first antenna array is a very large-scale antenna array.
  • an antenna array whose number of antennas exceeds a number threshold can be called a very large-scale antenna array, where the number threshold can be determined according to actual conditions, for example, the number threshold can be 1000 antennas, and in this embodiment, it is not Quantity thresholds are specified.
  • the near-field broadband beamforming method may include step 210 to step 240 , and each step will be introduced below.
  • step 210 the first antenna array of the base station is divided into multiple sub-arrays, where the sub-arrays include multiple antennas.
  • the first antenna array may be a very large scale antenna array.
  • Base stations can deploy very large-scale antenna arrays and communicate with users.
  • the ultra-large-scale antenna array can be divided into multiple sub-arrays. It can be understood that, since each subarray has a small radius, each subarray can be in a far-field channel mode, and the first antenna array can be regarded as being in a partitioned far-field channel mode.
  • step 220 the far-field codewords of each sub-array are determined based on the preset far-field channel model.
  • the near-field codewords of the first antenna array are determined based on the preset near-field channel model and the far-field codewords of each sub-array.
  • the ultra-large-scale antenna array in an ultra-large broadband system, can be divided into multiple sub-arrays, and the corresponding far-field codewords of the ultra-large-scale antenna array can be regarded as a partitioned far-field codeword.
  • field codeword, and the partitioned far-field codeword is a segmented approximation of the actual near-field codeword.
  • the entire ultra-large-scale antenna array is divided into multiple sub-arrays, and the diameter of each sub-array is much smaller than the diameter of the entire array.
  • the channel model between the subarray and the user is modeled as a far-field plane wave model, where the channel is determined by the distance and direction angle between the subarray and the user.
  • the far-field codewords of each sub-array may be determined based on a preset far-field channel model.
  • the channel model between the entire ultra-large-scale antenna array and the user is modeled as a near-field spherical wave model, that is, the channel between sub-arrays is a near-field channel, and each sub-array and The distances and bearing angles between users vary.
  • the near-field codeword of the first antenna array may be determined based on a preset near-field channel model and the far-field codeword of each sub-array.
  • step 240 based on the near-field codeword of the first antenna array, the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station is shaped.
  • the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station can be shaped by the phase shifter array in the base station, so that the shaped near-field broadband The beam can be focused on the user's position, thereby overcoming the influence of the near-field broadband effect on the system speed of the ultra-large-scale antenna array, and effectively improving the communication rate of the ultra-large-scale antenna array.
  • the present application provides a near-field broadband beamforming method, which decouples complex near-field beamforming codewords into far-field codewords in each subarray and the first antenna array by partitioning far-field beamforming codewords The near-field codewords between the subarrays. And through the near-field codeword of the first antenna array, the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station is shaped, so that the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station is focused on the user position, and the near-field broadband effect is overcome for ultra-large-scale antenna array systems. Influenced by the speed, the communication speed of the ultra-large-scale antenna array is effectively improved.
  • the beamforming codeword so that the beam generated by the base station is focused on the user position (r, ⁇ ).
  • Classical near-field codewords directly use near-field steering vectors for beamforming. Specifically, for the frequency point f, assuming that the speed of light is c, let the wavenumber Then the near-field codeword focused on the position (r, ⁇ ) can be expressed as the following formula:
  • j represents the imaginary unit. Since the phase of each element of the near-field codeword is highly correlated with r (n) , and r (n) complexly couples the distance r and the angle ⁇ through a radical, the model is more complicated. Especially in broadband scenarios, when the frequency points f are different, it is difficult to generate ideal near-field codewords at each frequency point.
  • the traditional far-field codeword directly replaces r (n ) with a linear approximation of r (n) , thereby simplifying the near-field codeword.
  • r (n) ⁇ r-ndsin ⁇ .
  • the far-field codeword can be expressed as the following formula:
  • the near-field codeword of the first antenna array (also referred to as the partitioned far-field beamforming codeword) can be a high-precision and low-complexity approximation of a near (f), Its essence is to replace r (n) with a piecewise linear approximation of the distance r( n) .
  • each sub-array contains Antennas.
  • q may be used to indicate the number of the sub-array
  • the near-field codeword of the first antenna array can be expressed as the following formula:
  • the complex near-field codewords are decoupled into multiple far-field codewords, and each far-field codeword corresponds to plane waves pointing in different directions and is generated by a single subarray.
  • the near-field codewords also known as partitioned far-field codewords
  • the ideal codeword varies with frequency f or wavenumber.
  • the system bandwidth is B
  • the number of subcarriers is M
  • the center carrier is f c
  • the center wave number is For the classic phased array structure, the beamforming is realized by the phase shifter array. Since the phase shifter array can only generate frequency-independent beamforming codewords, usually the codeword w c is generated directly according to the center carrier f c , namely
  • phase shifters can be used to match the far-field codeword characteristics in each sub-array, and delayers can be used to match the sub-array characteristics of the first antenna array.
  • Inter-array near-field codewords to overcome the impact of the near-field broadband effect on the system speed of ultra-large-scale antenna arrays.
  • phase controlled near-field broadband beamforming process of the present application will be described in conjunction with the following embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of near-field broadband beamforming with phase control provided by the present application.
  • the sub-array may be provided with a first delayer, and each antenna of the sub-array may be provided with a first phase shifter. As shown in FIG. 6 , each antenna in the sub-array is connected to the first phase shifter to form a large-scale phase shifting layer 630 .
  • the first phase shifter may be composed of a microstrip line, a switch, an inverter, and the like.
  • a first delayer may be inserted between each subarray and the radio frequency link 610 to form a small-scale delay layer 620 .
  • the first delayer can be realized by a real delay line, digital baseband processing, and the like. Therefore, the beamforming codeword with two-dimensional control of the time phase can be jointly implemented by the delay layer 630 and the phase shift layer 620 .
  • This application will describe the process of determining the far-field codewords of each sub-array based on the preset far-field channel model with reference to the following embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 is one of the flow diagrams of determining the far-field codewords of each sub-array based on the preset far-field channel model provided by the present application.
  • determining the far-field codewords of each sub-array may include step 710 and step 720, and each step will be introduced below.
  • step 710 a first delay parameter of the first delayer is determined, and a first phase shift parameter of the first phase shifter is determined.
  • the far-field codeword of the sub-array is determined based on the preset far-field channel model, the first delay parameter and the first phase-shift parameter.
  • the far-field codeword characteristics in each sub-array can be matched based on the first delay parameter of the first delayer and the first phase-shift parameter of the first phase shifter to determine the far-field of the sub-array Codeword. Further, the near-field codeword of the first antenna array is determined based on the far-field codeword of the subarray, and the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station is shaped based on the near-field codeword of the first antenna array.
  • the preset far-field codeword can be expressed as the following formula:
  • w q (f) represents the far-field codeword of the qth subarray
  • ⁇ ′ q represents the first delay parameter of the qth subarray
  • Represents the first phase shift parameter on the pth antenna of the qth subarray, where p [0,1,2,...P-1], f represents the signal frequency transmitted by the antenna in the subarray, and j represents the imaginary number unit.
  • the present application will respectively introduce the determination of the first delay parameter ⁇ 'q and the first phase shift parameter in conjunction with the following embodiments the process of.
  • Fig. 8 is one of the schematic flowcharts for determining the first delay parameter provided by the present application.
  • determining the first delay parameter may include step 810 and step 820 , and each step will be introduced respectively below.
  • step 810 a first distance between the sub-array center of the sub-array and the user, and a first included angle between the sub-array center of the sub-array and the normal direction of the user are determined.
  • a first delay parameter is determined based on the first distance and the first angle.
  • determining the first delay parameter can be achieved by the following formula:
  • ⁇ ′ q represents the first delay parameter
  • r q represents the first distance
  • ⁇ q represents the first angle
  • c represents the speed of light
  • P represents the number of antennas in the sub-array
  • d represents the distance between adjacent antennas in the sub-array Antenna spacing.
  • the near-field broadband beamforming method further includes performing non-negative constraint processing on the first delay parameter to obtain the processed first delay parameter. Further, the processed first delay parameter may be used as the final first delay parameter.
  • performing non-negative constraint processing on the first delay parameter can be implemented by the following formula:
  • ⁇ ′′ q represents the first delay parameter after processing
  • ⁇ ′ q represents the first delay parameter
  • T represents the common delay
  • T -min ⁇ ′ q .
  • FIG. 9 is one of the schematic flowcharts for determining the first phase shift parameter provided in the present application.
  • determining the first phase shift parameter may include step 910 and step 920 , and each step will be introduced respectively below.
  • step 910 a first included angle between the center of the sub-array and the normal direction of the user is determined.
  • a first phase shift parameter is determined based on the first included angle.
  • determining the first phase shift parameter can be determined by the following formula:
  • ⁇ q represents the first included angle
  • P represents the number of antennas in the sub-array
  • f c represents the frequency of the center carrier of the sub-array
  • c represents the speed of light
  • p represents the speed of the pth antenna of the sub-array
  • d represents the antenna spacing between adjacent antennas in the subarray.
  • the first delay parameter ⁇ ′ q and the first phase shift parameter It can be derived in the following way.
  • the purpose of wideband beamforming is to ensure that the beamforming codeword w(f) generated by each subcarrier generates an ideal near-field codeword a near (f). Since the structure of the near-field codeword a near (f) is relatively complex, a high-precision approximate codeword close to the near-field codeword can be selected, that is, the near-field codeword of the first antenna array (also known as the partitioned far-field codeword) a (f). Specifically, according to the structure of a q (f), it is equivalent to generating a plane wave pointing in the direction of ⁇ q , so when designing the parameters of the subarray phase shifter, we set
  • ⁇ ′ q is a designable parameter.
  • the designed first delay parameter ⁇ ′ q and the first phase shift parameter ⁇ ′ q can be as follows respectively:
  • the present application will describe the process of determining the near-field codeword of the first antenna array based on the preset near-field channel model and the far-field codeword of each sub-array in conjunction with the following embodiments.
  • Fig. 10 is one of the schematic flowcharts of determining the near-field codeword of the first antenna array provided in the present application.
  • determining the near-field codeword of the first antenna array may include steps 1010 and 1020 , each step will be described below.
  • step 1010 a first number of antennas of a first antenna array is determined.
  • the near-field codewords of the first antenna array are determined based on the preset near-field channel model, the number of first antennas, and the far-field codewords of each sub-array.
  • determining the near-field codeword of the first antenna array can be achieved by the following formula:
  • w(f) represents the near-field codeword of the first antenna array
  • N represents the number of the first antenna
  • w 0 ...w Q-1 represents the far-field codeword of each sub-array.
  • complex near-field beamforming codewords can be decoupled into far-field codewords within each sub-array and near-field codewords between sub-arrays of the first antenna array.
  • the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station is shaped, so that the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station is focused on the user position, and the near-field broadband effect is overcome for ultra-large-scale antenna array systems. speed impact.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of system reachability and rate performance comparison using the near-field broadband beamforming method provided in this application.
  • Shape forming can realize near-field broadband beamforming and overcome the influence of near-field broadband effect on system performance, thereby improving the attainable rate performance of ultra-large-scale arrays.
  • the near-field broadband beamforming method divides the first antenna array of the base station into multiple sub-arrays, and determines the far-field codewords of each sub-array based on the preset far-field channel model, and Based on the preset near-field channel model and the far-field codewords of each sub-array, the near-field codeword of the first antenna array can be determined, and the complex near-field beamforming codeword can be decoupled into the far-field codeword in each sub-array and the near-field codeword between the subarrays of the first antenna array.
  • the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station is shaped, so that the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station is focused on the user position, and the near-field broadband effect is overcome for ultra-large-scale antenna array systems. Influenced by the speed, the communication speed of the ultra-large-scale antenna array is effectively improved.
  • the present application also provides a near-field broadband beamforming device.
  • the near-field broadband beamforming device provided in the present application is described below, and the near-field broadband beamforming device described below and the method of the near-field broadband beamforming device described above may refer to each other correspondingly.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a near-field broadband beamforming device provided by the present application.
  • the near-field broadband beamforming device may be applied to a base station having a first antenna array, where the first antenna array is a very large-scale antenna array.
  • the first antenna array is a very large-scale antenna array.
  • an antenna array whose number of antennas exceeds a number threshold can be called a very large-scale antenna array, where the number threshold can be determined according to actual conditions, for example, the number threshold can be 1000 antennas, and in this embodiment, it is not Quantity thresholds are specified.
  • the near-field broadband beamforming device may include a division module 1210 , a processing module 1220 and a determination module 1230 , and each module will be introduced separately below.
  • the division module 1210 may be configured to divide the first antenna array of the base station into multiple sub-arrays, where the sub-arrays include multiple antennas.
  • the processing module 1220 may be configured to determine the far-field codewords of each sub-array based on the preset far-field channel model, and to determine the first Near-field codewords for antenna arrays.
  • the determining module 1230 may be configured to perform shaping processing on the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station based on the near-field codeword of the first antenna array.
  • the sub-array is provided with a first delayer
  • the antenna of the sub-array is provided with a first phase shifter
  • the processing module 1220 can determine each sub-array based on a preset far-field channel model in the following manner
  • the far-field codeword of the array determine the first delay parameter of the first delayer, and determine the first phase shift parameter of the first phase shifter; based on the preset far-field channel model, the first delay parameter and the first
  • the phase shift parameter determines the far-field codeword of the subarray.
  • the preset far-field channel model can be expressed as the following formula:
  • w q (f) represents the far-field codeword of the qth subarray
  • ⁇ ′ q represents the first delay parameter of the qth subarray
  • Represents the first phase shift parameter on the pth antenna of the qth subarray, where p [0,1,2,...P-1], f represents the signal frequency transmitted by the antenna in the subarray, and j represents the imaginary number unit.
  • the processing module 1220 may determine the first delay parameter in the following manner: determine the first distance between the sub-array center of the sub-array and the user, and the normal line between the sub-array center of the sub-array and the user A first included angle of the direction; based on the first distance and the first included angle, a first delay parameter is determined.
  • determining the first delay parameter can be achieved by the following formula:
  • ⁇ ′ q represents the first delay parameter
  • r q represents the first distance
  • ⁇ q represents the first angle
  • c represents the speed of light
  • P represents the number of antennas in the sub-array
  • d represents the distance between adjacent antennas in the sub-array Antenna spacing.
  • the near-field broadband beamforming device further includes a reprocessing module, wherein the reprocessing module may be configured to perform non-negative constraint processing on the first delay parameter, and obtain the processed first delay parameter A delay parameter; the processed first delay parameter is used as the final first delay parameter.
  • the reprocessing module may be configured to perform non-negative constraint processing on the first delay parameter, and obtain the processed first delay parameter A delay parameter; the processed first delay parameter is used as the final first delay parameter.
  • performing non-negative constraint processing on the first delay parameter can be implemented by the following formula:
  • ⁇ ′′ q represents the first delay parameter after processing
  • ⁇ ′ q represents the first delay parameter
  • T represents the common delay
  • T -min ⁇ ′ q .
  • the processing module 1220 may determine the first phase shift parameter in the following manner: determine the first included angle between the subarray center of the subarray and the normal direction of the user; based on the first included angle, determine The first phase shift parameter.
  • the processing module 1220 may determine the first phase shift parameter based on the first included angle through the following formula:
  • ⁇ q represents the first included angle
  • P represents the number of antennas in the sub-array
  • f c represents the frequency of the center carrier of the sub-array
  • c represents the speed of light
  • p represents the speed of the pth antenna of the sub-array
  • d represents the antenna spacing between adjacent antennas in the subarray.
  • the processing module 1220 may determine the near-field codeword of the first antenna array based on the preset near-field channel model and the far-field codeword of each sub-array in the following manner: Determine the first antenna array The number of first antennas; based on the preset near-field channel model, the number of first antennas and the far-field codewords of each sub-array, determine the near-field codewords of the first antenna array.
  • the processing module 1220 may use the following formula to determine the near-field codeword of the first antenna array based on the preset near-field channel model, the number of first antennas, and the far-field codeword of each sub-array:
  • w(f) represents the near-field codeword of the first antenna array
  • N represents the number of the first antenna
  • w 0 ...w Q-1 represents the far-field codeword of each sub-array.
  • Figure 13 illustrates a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device, as shown in Figure 13, the electronic device may include: a processor (processor) 1310, a communication interface (Communications Interface) 1320, a memory (memory) 1330 and a communication bus 1340, Wherein, the processor 1310 , the communication interface 1320 , and the memory 1330 communicate with each other through the communication bus 1340 .
  • processor processor
  • Communication interface Communication Interface
  • memory memory
  • Processor 1310 may invoke logic instructions in memory 1330 to perform a near-field broadband beamforming method, wherein the near-field broadband beamforming method is applied to a base station having a first antenna array, the first antenna array being a very large-scale Antenna array, the method includes: dividing the first antenna array of the base station into a plurality of sub-arrays, the sub-arrays include a plurality of antennas; based on a preset far-field channel model, determining the far-field codeword of each sub-array ; Based on the preset near-field channel model and the far-field codewords of each of the sub-arrays, determine the near-field codewords of the first antenna array; based on the near-field codewords of the first antenna array, the base station The generated near-field broadband beams are shaped.
  • the above-mentioned logic instructions in the memory 1330 may be implemented in the form of software function units and may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium when sold or used as an independent product.
  • the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disk or optical disc, etc., which can store program codes. .
  • the present application also provides a computer program product, the computer program product includes a computer program, the computer program can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can Performing the near-field broadband beamforming method provided by the above methods, wherein the near-field broadband beamforming method is applied to a base station with a first antenna array, the first antenna array is a very large-scale antenna array, the method includes: Divide the first antenna array of the base station into a plurality of sub-arrays, the sub-arrays include a plurality of antennas; based on the preset far-field channel model, determine the far-field codeword of each sub-array; based on the preset near-field channel model and the far-field codewords of each of the sub-arrays, determine the near-field codewords of the first antenna array; based on the near-field codewords of the first antenna array, perform the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station Shape processing.
  • the present application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it is implemented to perform the near-field broadband beamforming method provided by the above methods
  • the near-field broadband beamforming method is applied to a base station with a first antenna array
  • the first antenna array is a very large-scale antenna array
  • the method includes: dividing the first antenna array of the base station into a plurality of sub-arrays, The sub-arrays include multiple antennas; based on a preset far-field channel model, determine the far-field codewords of each of the sub-arrays; based on the preset near-field channel model and the far-field codewords of each of the sub-arrays, determine the The near-field codeword of the first antenna array; based on the near-field codeword of the first antenna array, performing shaping processing on the near-field broadband beam generated by the base station.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative, and the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in One place, or it can be distributed to multiple network elements. Part or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. It can be understood and implemented by those skilled in the art without any creative effort.
  • each implementation can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, and of course also by hardware.
  • the essence of the above technical solution or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of software products, and the computer software products can be stored in computer-readable storage media, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic discs, optical discs, etc., including several instructions to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) execute the methods described in various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种近场宽带波束赋形方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质，其中，近场宽带波束赋形方法应用于具有第一天线阵列的基站，所述第一天线阵列为超大规模天线阵列，所述方法包括：将所述基站的第一天线阵列划分为多个子阵，所述子阵包括多个天线；基于预设远场信道模型，确定各所述子阵的远场码字；基于预设近场信道模型以及各所述子阵的远场码字，确定所述第一天线阵列的近场码字；基于所述第一天线阵列的近场码字，对所述基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理。通过本申请提供的近场宽带波束赋形方法，可以克服近场宽带效应对超大规模天线阵列系统速率的影响，有效提升了超大规模天线阵列的通信速率。

Description

近场宽带波束赋形方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2021年12月09日提交的、申请号为202111501606.X、发明名称为“近场宽带波束赋形方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质”的中国专利申请的优先权，其通过引用方式全部并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种近场宽带波束赋形方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质。
背景技术
相关技术可知，基于空间渐近正交性的大规模阵列通信技术，可成倍提升无线通信系统的频谱效率，是5G技术的代表性通信技术之一。未来，阵列规模更大的超大规模阵列通信技术在进一步提高系统性能方面被寄予厚望，在6G移动通信通信系统中具有广阔的应用前景。
从大规模阵列到超大规模阵列，不仅是简单的天线数量的量变，更蕴含着电磁场结构的质变。在超大宽带系统中，传统相控阵生成波束的等相位面会随频率发生偏移，从而引入严重的近场波束分裂问题，进而严重影响用户接收信号的强度。当前，面向超大规模阵列近场宽带波束赋形方案成为研究热点。
发明内容
本申请提供一种近场宽带波束赋形方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质，用以解决现有技术中超大规模天线阵列近场宽带通信系统波束严重分裂，并影响用户接收信号强度的缺陷，克服了近场宽带效应对超大规模天线阵列系统速率的影响，有效提升了超大规模天线阵列的通信速率。
本申请提供一种近场宽带波束赋形方法，其中，所述方法应用于具有第一天线阵列的基站，所述第一天线阵列为超大规模天线阵列，所述方法包括：将所述基站的第一天线阵列划分为多个子阵，所述子阵包括多个天 线；基于预设远场信道模型，确定各所述子阵的远场码字；基于预设近场信道模型以及各所述子阵的远场码字，确定所述第一天线阵列的近场码字；基于所述第一天线阵列的近场码字，对所述基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理。
根据本申请提供的一种近场宽带波束赋形方法，所述子阵设置有第一延时器，所述子阵的天线设置有第一移相器，所述基于预设远场信道模型，确定各所述子阵的远场码字，包括：确定所述第一延时器的第一延时参数，以及确定所述第一移相器的第一移相参数；基于所述预设远场信道模型、所述第一延时参数以及所述第一移相参数，确定所述子阵的远场码字。
根据本申请提供的一种近场宽带波束赋形方法，所述预设远场信道模型表示为以下公式：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000001
其中，w q(f)表示第q个子阵的远场码字，τ′ q表示第q个子阵的第一延时参数，
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000002
表示第q个子阵第p个天线上的第一移相参数，其中，p＝[0,1,2,…P-1]，f表示所述子阵中天线发射的信号频率，j表示虚数单位。
根据本申请提供的一种近场宽带波束赋形方法，所述第一延时参数通过以下方式确定：确定所述子阵的子阵中心与用户的第一距离，以及所述子阵的子阵中心与用户的法线方向的第一夹角；基于所述第一距离以及所述第一夹角，确定所述第一延时参数。
根据本申请提供的一种近场宽带波束赋形方法，所述基于所述第一距离以及所述第一夹角，确定所述第一延时参数通过以下公式实现：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000003
其中，τ′ q表示所述第一延时参数，r q表示所述第一距离，θ q表示第一夹角，c表示光速，P表示所述子阵中的天线个数，d表示所述子阵中相邻天线的天线间距。
根据本申请提供的一种近场宽带波束赋形方法，所述近场宽带波束赋形方法还包括：对所述第一延时参数进行非负约束处理，得到处理后第一延时参数；将所述处理后第一延时参数作为最终的第一延时参数。
根据本申请提供的一种近场宽带波束赋形方法，所述对所述第一延时 参数进行非负约束处理通过以下公式实现：
τ″ q＝τ′ q+T
其中，τ″ q表示所述处理后第一延时参数，τ′ q表示所述第一延时参数，T表示公共延时，且T＝-minτ′ q。
根据本申请提供的一种近场宽带波束赋形方法，所述第一移相参数通过以下方式确定：确定所述子阵的子阵中心与用户的法线方向的第一夹角；基于所述第一夹角，确定第一移相参数。
根据本申请提供的一种近场宽带波束赋形方法，所述基于所述第一夹角，确定第一移相参数通过以下公式确定：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000004
其中，
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000005
表示所述第一移相参数，θ q表示第一夹角，P表示所述子阵中的天线个数，f c表示所述子阵的中心载波的频率，c表示光速，p表示所述子阵的第p个天线的天线编号，d表示所述子阵中相邻天线的天线间距。
根据本申请提供的一种近场宽带波束赋形方法，所述基于预设近场信道模型以及各所述子阵的远场码字，确定所述第一天线阵列的近场码字，包括：确定所述第一天线阵列的第一天线数量；基于所述预设近场信道模型、所述第一天线数量以及各所述子阵的远场码字，确定所述第一天线阵列的近场码字。
根据本申请提供的一种近场宽带波束赋形方法，所述基于所述预设近场信道模型、所述第一天线数量以及各所述子阵的远场码字，确定所述第一天线阵列的近场码字通过以下公式实现：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000006
其中，w(f)表示所述第一天线阵列的近场码字，N表示所述第一天线数量，w 0…w Q-1表示各所述子阵的远场码字。
本申请还提供一种近场宽带波束赋形装置，其中，所述装置应用于具有第一天线阵列的基站，所述第一天线阵列为超大规模天线阵列，所述装置包括：划分模块，用于将所述基站的第一天线阵列划分为多个子阵，所述子阵包括多个天线；处理模块，用于基于预设远场信道模型，确定各所述子阵的远场码字，以及用于基于预设近场信道模型以及各所述子阵的远 场码字，确定所述第一天线阵列的近场码字；确定模块，用于基于所述第一天线阵列的近场码字，对所述基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理。
本申请还提供一种电子设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述程序时实现如上述任一种所述近场宽带波束赋形方法的步骤。
本申请还提供一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上述任一种所述近场宽带波束赋形方法的步骤。
本申请还提供一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上述任一种所述近场宽带波束赋形方法的步骤。
本申请提供的近场宽带波束赋形方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质，通过将基站的第一天线阵列划分为多个子阵，并基于预设远场信道模型确定各子阵的远场码字，以及基于预设近场信道模型以及各子阵的远场码字确定第一天线阵列的近场码字，可以将复杂的近场波束赋形码字解耦为各子阵内的远场码字和第一天线阵列的子阵间近场码字。并通过第一天线阵列的近场码字，对基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理，以使基站生成的近场宽带波束聚焦在用户位置，克服近场宽带效应对超大规模天线阵列系统速率的影响，有效提升超大规模天线阵列的通信速率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是近场宽带效应示意图；
图2是本申请提供的近场宽带波束赋形方法的流程示意图之一；
图3是远场信道模式下基站天线生成的波束示意图；
图4是近场信道模式下基站天线生成的波束示意图；
图5是本申请提供的分区远场信道模式下基站天线生成的波束示意图；
图6是本申请提供的时相调控的近场宽带波束赋形的应用场景示意图；
图7是本申请提供的基于预设远场信道模型，确定各子阵的远场码字的流程示意图之一；
图8是本申请提供的确定第一延时参数的流程示意图之一；
图9是本申请提供的确定第一移相参数的流程示意图之一；
图10是本申请提供的确定第一天线阵列的近场码字的流程示意图之一；
图11是应用本申请提供的近场宽带波束赋形方法的系统可达和速率性能对比示意图；
图12是本申请提供的近场宽带波束赋形装置的结构示意图；
图13是本申请提供的电子设备的结构示意图。
附图标记：
610：射频链路；620：延时层；630：移相层。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请中的附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
相关技术可知，基于空间渐近正交性的大规模阵列通信技术，可成倍提升无线通信系统的频谱效率，是5G技术的代表性的通信技术之一。未来，阵列规模更大的超大规模阵列通信技术在提高系统性能方面被寄予厚望，并在6G移动通信通信系统中具有广阔的应用前景。具体而言，当前6G技术的潜在关键技术包括提升传输速率的太赫兹通信、提升频谱效率的超大规模MIMO和提升覆盖能力的智能超表面通信。这三大关键技术的共性特征就是都采用了超大规模阵列通信技术。另一方面，6G技术也寄希望于采用太赫兹通信、智能超表面等超大规模阵列通信技术，进一步提升复杂环境下的传输速率和覆盖能力。此外，超大规模阵列通信技术还可应用于卫星通信、深空通信、近海通信等场景中，成倍提升系统性能。
从大规模阵列到超大规模阵列，不仅是简单的天线数量的量变，更蕴 含着电磁场结构的质变。受限于天线数，现有大规模阵列的近场半径较小(由瑞利距离决定，正比于阵列口径的平方除以信号波长)，不到1米，用户活动区域几乎都是远场。此时，如图1a所示，阵列天线生成的波束以平面波的形式沿某一方向传播。但是，随着天线数和工作频率的大幅提高，超大规模阵列的近场半径也发生质变。超大规模阵列的近场范围高达几米甚至几十米，实际系统难以忽略。此时，如图1b所示，电磁波信号以球面波的形式将能量聚焦在物理空间的某一区域，而不是单一的某个方向。在超大宽带系统中，传统相控阵生成波束的等相位面会随频率发生偏移，从而引入严重的波束分裂问题，如图1c所示，在远场表现为不同频点的波束沿着不同的角度传播。在近场宽带系统中，如图1d所示，近场宽带效应将使不同频点的波束将在“距离-角度”两个维度上聚焦在不同的物理区域，偏离用户所在区域，严重影响用户接收信号的强度。
针对波束赋形的研究主要考虑远场环境，近年来也有少量研究初步涉及近场通信，但仅考虑近场窄带场景。当前，面向超大规模阵列近场宽带波束赋形方案成为研究热点。
本申请提供了一种近场宽带波束赋形方法，通过分区远场波束赋形码字将复杂的近场波束赋形码字解耦为各子阵内的远场码字和第一天线阵列的子阵间近场码字。并通过第一天线阵列的近场码字，对基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理，以使基站生成的近场宽带波束聚焦在用户位置，克服近场宽带效应对超大规模天线阵列系统速率的影响，有效提升超大规模天线阵列的通信速率。
本申请将结合下述实施例对近场宽带波束赋形方法的过程进行说明。
图2是本申请提供的近场宽带波束赋形方法的流程示意图之一。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，近场宽带波束赋形方法可以应用于具有第一天线阵列的基站，其中，第一天线阵列为超大规模天线阵列。在一示例中，可以将天线数量超过数量阈值的天线阵列称为超大规模天线阵列，其中，数量阈值可以根据实际情况进行确定，例如，数量阈值可以是1000根天线，在本实施例中，不对数量阈值作具体限定。
如图2所示，近场宽带波束赋形方法可以包括步骤210至步骤240，下面将分别介绍各步骤。
在步骤210中，将基站的第一天线阵列划分为多个子阵，子阵包括多个天线。
在一种实施例中，第一天线阵列可以是超大规模天线阵列。基站可以部署超大规模天线阵列并与用户进行通信。在应用过程中，如图5所示，可以将超大规模天线阵列划分为多个子阵。可以理解的是，由于每个子阵的半径小，每个子阵可以处于远场信道模式，第一天线阵列可以看作是处于分区远场信道模式。
在步骤220中，基于预设远场信道模型，确定各子阵的远场码字。
在步骤230中，基于预设近场信道模型以及各子阵的远场码字，确定第一天线阵列的近场码字。
结合图3-图4可知，在远场信道模式下，基站的天线阵列生成平面波，在近场信号下，基站的天线阵列生成球面波。在超大宽带系统下，传统相控阵生成波束的等相位面会随频率发生偏移，从而产生波束分类问题。
在一种实施例中，结合图5进行说明，在超大宽带系统中，超大规模天线阵列可以被划分为多个子阵，相应的超大规模天线阵列的远场码字可以看作是一种分区远场码字，并且分区远场码字为实际近场码字的分段性近似。在应用过程中，将整个超大规模天线阵列划分为多个子阵，每个子阵的直径远小于整个阵列的直径。由于每个子阵的直径较小，子阵内与用户之间的信道模型建模为远场平面波模型，其中，信道由子阵与用户之间的距离和方向角决定。在一示例中，可以基于预设远场信道模型，确定各子阵的远场码字。进一步的，由于整个超大规模天线阵列的直径较大，整个超大规模天线阵列与用户之间的信道模型建模为近场球面波模型，即子阵间的信道为近场信道，每个子阵与用户之间的距离和方向角各不相同。在一示例中，可以基于预设近场信道模型以及各子阵的远场码字，确定第一天线阵列的近场码字。
在步骤240中，基于第一天线阵列的近场码字，对基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理。
在一种实施例中，可以基于第一天线阵列的近场码字，通过基站中的移相器阵列对基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理，以使赋形处理后的近场宽带波束可以聚焦在用户位置，从而克服近场宽带效应对超大规模天 线阵列系统速率的影响，有效提升超大规模天线阵列的通信速率。
本申请提供了一种近场宽带波束赋形方法，通过分区远场波束赋形码字将复杂的近场波束赋形码字解耦为各子阵内的远场码字和第一天线阵列的子阵间近场码字。并通过第一天线阵列的近场码字，对基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理，以使基站生成的近场宽带波束聚焦在用户位置，克服近场宽带效应对超大规模天线阵列系统速率的影响，有效提升超大规模天线阵列的通信速率。
可以理解的是，假设基站天线数为N，天线间的间距为d，用户的位置为(r,θ)，其中r表示用户与基站阵列之间的距离，θ表示用户与基站阵列法线方向的夹角。基站第n个天线与用户之间的距离r (n)可以表示为公式(1)，夹角sinθ (n)可以表示为公式(2)。其中，公式(1)和公式(2)如下：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000008
其中n＝[0,1,2,…N-1]     (2)
进一步的，需要设计波束赋形的码字，使得基站生成的波束聚焦在用户位置(r,θ)上。经典的近场码字直接使用近场导引矢量做波束赋形，具体而言，对于频点f，假设光速为c，令波数
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000009
则聚焦在位置(r,θ)上的近场码字可以表示为如下公式：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000010
其中，j表示虚数单位。由于近场码字每个元素的相位与r (n)高度相关，而r (n)通过根式将距离r与角度θ复杂地耦合在一起，模型较为复杂。尤其是宽带场景下，当频点f各不相同时，很难在每个频点都生成理想的近场码字。
传统的远场码字直接使用r (n)的线性近似替换r (n)，从而简化近场码字，具体而言，根据泰勒展开公式，有r (n)≈r-ndsinθ。此时远场码字可以表示为如下公式：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000011
相较于复杂的近场码字a near(f)，远场码字a far(f)的复杂度大幅降低，但是模型精度也很低，对于超大规模天线阵列近场通信场景，远场码字a far(f)并不适用。
本申请提出的近场宽带波束赋形方法，第一天线阵列的近场码字(又可以称为分区远场波束赋形码字)可以是a near(f)的高精度低复杂度近似，其本质是用距离r (n)的分段线性近似替换r (n)。
将整个N单元的超大规模天线阵列分为Q个子阵，每个子阵包含
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000012
个天线。其中，可以用q表示子阵编号，p表示子阵内的天线编号，其中q＝[0,1,2,…Q-1]，p＝[0,1,2,…P-1]。则第q个子阵上的第p个天线对应于整个阵列的第n＝qP+p个天线。用r q表示第q个子阵中心与用户的距离，用θ q表示第q个子阵中心与用户的法线方向的夹角，其中，距离r q和夹角θ q分别满足如下公式。
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000014
进一步的，用
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000015
表示第q个子阵上的第p个天线与用户之间的距离，在第q个子阵的内部，使用一阶泰勒展开，可以得到
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000017
通过上述近似，可以使用r q-pdsinθ q替换
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000018
即替换r (n)，其中n＝qP+p。因此，第一天线阵列的近场码字可以表示为如下公式：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000019
其中a q表示第q个子阵上的码字，满足
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000020
通过上述操作，复杂的近场码字被解耦为多个远场码字，每个远场码字对应于指向不同方向的平面波，由单个子阵生成。通过改变子阵Q的个数，本申请中的第一天线阵列的近场码字(又称分区远场码字)可在远场码字和近场码字之间相互转换，例如当Q＝1时，第一天线阵列的近场码字等价于理想近场码字，当Q＝N时，第一天线阵列的近场码字等价于理想远场码字，当1<Q<N，第一天线阵列的近场码字为远场码字与近场码字之间的折中，即同时保证高精度和低复杂度的特性。
进一步的，不论是第一天线阵列的近场码字，还是现有的远场码字和近场码字，理想码字随频率f或波数
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000021
会发生变化。具体而言，考虑宽带OFDM系统，系统带宽为B，子载波数为M，中心载波为f c，中心波 数为
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000022
对于经典的相控阵结构，波束赋形由移相器阵列实现，由于移相器阵列仅能生成频率无关的波束赋形码字，通常直接按照中心载波f c生成码字w c，即
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000023
当频点f与中心载波f c差距较大时，相控阵生成的码字w c与理想的近场码字a near会出现较大的差异，即实际窄带波束赋形与理想近场宽带码字不匹配，这就是近场宽带效应。此时频点f的波束增益
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000024
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000025
远小于1，存在较大的阵列增益损失。
为了克服近场宽带效应带来的系统性能损失，在本申请的实施例中，可以分别利用移相器匹配各子阵内的远场码字特性，利用延时器匹配第一天线阵列的子阵间近场码字，以克服近场宽带效应对超大规模天线阵列系统速率的影响。
下面将结合下述实施例，对本申请的时相调控的近场宽带波束赋形过程进行说明。
图6是本申请提供的时相调控的近场宽带波束赋形的应用场景示意图。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，子阵可以设置有第一延时器，子阵的每个天线可以设置有第一移相器。如图6所示，子阵中的每根天线连接第一移相器可以形成大规模的移相层630。其中，第一移相器可以由微带线、开关、反相器等构成。进一步的，可以在每个子阵与射频链路610之间插入第一延时器，形成小规模的延时层620。其中，第一延时器可以由真延时线、数字基带处理等实现。因此，时相二维调控的波束赋形码字可以由延时层630和移相层620共同实现。
本申请将结合下述实施例，对基于预设远场信道模型，确定各子阵的远场码字的过程进行说明。
图7是本申请提供的基于预设远场信道模型，确定各子阵的远场码字的流程示意图之一。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，如图7所示，基于预设远场信道模型，确定各子阵的远场码字可以包括步骤710和步骤720，下面将分别介绍各步骤。
在步骤710中，确定第一延时器的第一延时参数，以及确定第一移相器的第一移相参数。
在步骤720中，基于预设远场信道模型、第一延时参数以及第一移相参数，确定子阵的远场码字。
在一种实施例中，可以基于第一延时器的第一延时参数以及第一移相器的第一移相参数匹配各子阵内的远场码字特性，确定子阵的远场码字。进一步的，基于子阵的远场码字确定第一天线阵列的近场码字，并基于第一天线阵列的近场码字对基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理。通过本实施例，可以克服近场宽带效应对超大规模天线阵列系统速率的影响。
在一种实施例中，预设远场码字可以表示为以下公式：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000026
其中，w q(f)表示第q个子阵的远场码字，τ′ q表示第q个子阵的第一延时参数，
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000027
表示第q个子阵第p个天线上的第一移相参数，其中，p＝[0,1,2,…P-1]，f表示子阵中天线发射的信号频率，j表示虚数单位。
本申请将结合下述实施例分别介绍确定第一延时参数τ′ q和第一移相参数
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000028
的过程。
图8是本申请提供的确定第一延时参数的流程示意图之一。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，如图8所示，确定第一延时参数可以包括步骤810和步骤820，下面将分别介绍各步骤。
在步骤810中，确定子阵的子阵中心与用户的第一距离，以及子阵的子阵中心与用户的法线方向的第一夹角。
在步骤820中，基于第一距离以及第一夹角，确定第一延时参数。
在一种实施例中，基于第一距离以及第一夹角，确定第一延时参数可以通过以下公式实现：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000029
其中，τ′ q表示第一延时参数，r q表示第一距离，θ q表示第一夹角，c表示光速，P表示子阵中的天线个数，d表示子阵中相邻天线的天线间距。
考虑实际延时器的物理约束，只能实现非负的延时，为了避免设计τ′ q的负数，可以为所有延时器统一引入一个相同的公共延时，此时既不会影 响波束赋形增益，也能满足延时器的非负约束。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，近场宽带波束赋形方法还包括对第一延时参数进行非负约束处理，得到处理后第一延时参数。进一步的，可以将处理后第一延时参数作为最终的第一延时参数。
在一种实施例，对第一延时参数进行非负约束处理可以通过以下公式实现：
τ″ q＝τ′ q+T     (13)
其中，τ″ q表示处理后第一延时参数，τ′ q表示第一延时参数，T表示公共延时，且T＝-minτ′ q。
在一实施例中，T为公共延时，为了保证τ″ q的非负性，可以设计公共延时为T＝-minτ′ q。此时对于任意一个延时器的第一延时参数，显然有τ″ q>0。
图9是本申请提供的确定第一移相参数的流程示意图之一。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，如图9所示，确定第一移相参数可以包括步骤910和步骤920，下面将分别介绍各步骤。
在步骤910中，确定子阵的子阵中心与用户的法线方向的第一夹角。
在步骤920中，基于第一夹角，确定第一移相参数。
在一种实施例中，基于第一夹角，确定第一移相参数可以通过以下公式确定：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000030
其中，
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000031
表示第一移相参数，θ q表示第一夹角，P表示子阵中的天线个数，f c表示子阵的中心载波的频率，c表示光速，p表示子阵的第p个天线的天线编号，d表示子阵中相邻天线的天线间距。
需要说明的是，第一延时参数τ′ q和第一移相参数
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000032
可以通过以下方式推导而得到。
宽带波束赋形的目的在于确保每个子载波生成的波束赋形码字w(f)都生成理想近场码字a near(f)。由于近场码字a near(f)的结构较为复杂，可选择逼近近场码字的高精度近似码字，即第一天线阵列的近场码字(又称：分区远场码字)a(f)。具体而言，根据a q(f)的结构，其等效于生成指向θ q 方向的平面波，因而在设计子阵移相器参数时，我们令
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000033
其中φ′ q是可设计的参数。在设计第一移相参数φ′ q和第一延时参数τ′ q时，期望在所有频点最大化阵列增益，即最大化
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000034
其中
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000035
表示第m个子载波。首先计算单个子载波的阵列增益
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000036
因为子阵的天线数P是远小于阵列的天线数N的，因此
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000037
通常是大于0的，为了最大化所有频点的阵列增益g，我们需要设计第一延时参数τ′ q和第一移相参数φ′ q，使得g(f)的求和项中每一项均同相叠加，显然，一个可行解是
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000038
考虑第q个子阵第p个天线上的移相为
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000039
因此设计的第一延时参数τ′ q和第一移相参数
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000040
可以分别如下所示：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000042
通过上述实施例确定第一延时参数τ′ q和第一移相参数
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000043
可以使得基于时相二维调控得到的波束赋形码字，即第一天线阵列的近场码字，在确保其结构简单的前提下，高度逼近理想的近场码字，从而克服近场宽带效应对超大规模天线阵列系统速率的影响。
本申请将结合下述实施例，对基于预设近场信道模型以及各子阵的远场码字，确定第一天线阵列的近场码字的过程进行说明。
图10是本申请提供的确定第一天线阵列的近场码字的流程示意图之一。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，如图10所示，基于预设近场信道模型以及各子阵的远场码字，确定第一天线阵列的近场码字可以包括步骤1010和步骤1020，下面将分别介绍各步骤。
在步骤1010中，确定第一天线阵列的第一天线数量。
在步骤1020中，基于预设近场信道模型、第一天线数量以及各子阵的远场码字，确定第一天线阵列的近场码字。
在一种实施例中，基于预设近场信道模型、第一天线数量以及各子阵的远场码字，确定第一天线阵列的近场码字可以通过以下公式实现：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000044
其中，w(f)表示第一天线阵列的近场码字，N表示第一天线数量，w 0…w Q-1表示各子阵的远场码字。
通过本实施例，可以将复杂的近场波束赋形码字解耦为各子阵内的远场码字和第一天线阵列的子阵间近场码字。并通过第一天线阵列的近场码字，对基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理，以使基站生成的近场宽带波束聚焦在用户位置，克服近场宽带效应对超大规模天线阵列系统速率的影响。
图11是应用本申请提供的近场宽带波束赋形方法的系统可达和速率性能对比示意图。
结合图11可知，基于本申请提供的近场宽带波束赋形方法，即结合时相(第一延时器的第一延时参数和第一移相器的第一移相参数)调控的波束赋形可以实现近场宽带波束赋形，并克服近场宽带效应对系统性能的影响，从而提升超大规模阵列的可达速率性能。
根据上述描述可知，本申请提供的近场宽带波束赋形方法，通过将基站的第一天线阵列划分为多个子阵，并基于预设远场信道模型确定各子阵的远场码字，以及基于预设近场信道模型以及各子阵的远场码字确定第一天线阵列的近场码字，可以将复杂的近场波束赋形码字解耦为各子阵内的远场码字和第一天线阵列的子阵间近场码字。并通过第一天线阵列的近场码字，对基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理，以使基站生成的近场宽带波束聚焦在用户位置，克服近场宽带效应对超大规模天线阵列系统速率的影响，有效提升超大规模天线阵列的通信速率。
基于相同的构思，本申请还提供一种近场宽带波束赋形装置。
下面对本申请提供的近场宽带波束赋形装置进行描述，下文描述的近场宽带波束赋形装置与上文描述的近场宽带波束赋形装置方法可相互对应参照。
图12是本申请提供的近场宽带波束赋形装置的结构示意图。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，近场宽带波束赋形装置可以应用于具有第一天线阵列的基站，其中，第一天线阵列为超大规模天线阵列。在一示例中，可以将天线数量超过数量阈值的天线阵列称为超大规模天线阵列，其中，数量阈值可以根据实际情况进行确定，例如，数量阈值可以是1000根天线，在本实施例中，不对数量阈值作具体限定。
如图12所示，近场宽带波束赋形装置可以包括划分模块1210、处理模块1220和确定模块1230，下面将分别介绍各模块。
划分模块1210可以被配置为用于将基站的第一天线阵列划分为多个子阵，子阵包括多个天线。
处理模块1220可以被配置为用于基于预设远场信道模型，确定各子阵的远场码字，以及用于基于预设近场信道模型以及各子阵的远场码字，确定第一天线阵列的近场码字。
确定模块1230可以被配置为用于基于第一天线阵列的近场码字，对基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，子阵设置有第一延时器，子阵的天线设置有第一移相器，处理模块1220可以采用以下方式基于预设远场信道模型，确定各子阵的远场码字：确定第一延时器的第一延时参数，以及确定第一移相器的第一移相参数；基于预设远场信道模型、第一延时参数以及第一移相参数，确定子阵的远场码字。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，预设远场信道模型可以表示为以下公式：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000045
其中，w q(f)表示第q个子阵的远场码字，τ′ q表示第q个子阵的第一延时参数，
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000046
表示第q个子阵第p个天线上的第一移相参数，其中，p＝[0,1,2,…P-1]，f表示子阵中天线发射的信号频率，j表示虚数单位。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，处理模块1220可以采用以下方式确定第一延时参数：确定子阵的子阵中心与用户的第一距离，以及子阵的子阵中心与用户的法线方向的第一夹角；基于第一距离以及第一夹角，确定第一延时参数。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，基于第一距离以及第一夹角，确定第一延时参数可以通过以下公式实现：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000047
其中，τ′ q表示第一延时参数，r q表示第一距离，θ q表示第一夹角，c表示光速，P表示子阵中的天线个数，d表示子阵中相邻天线的天线间距。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，近场宽带波束赋形装置还包括再处理模块，其中，再处理模块可以被配置为用于对第一延时参数进行非负约束处理，得到处理后第一延时参数；将处理后第一延时参数作为最终的第一延时参数。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，对第一延时参数进行非负约束处理可以通过以下公式实现：
τ ″ q＝τ′ q+T   (23)
其中，τ″ q表示处理后第一延时参数，τ′ q表示第一延时参数，T表示公共延时，且T＝-minτ′ q。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，处理模块1220可以采用以下方式确定第一移相参数：确定子阵的子阵中心与用户的法线方向的第一夹角；基于第一夹角，确定第一移相参数。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，处理模块1220可以通过以下公式基于第一夹角，确定第一移相参数：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000048
其中，
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000049
表示第一移相参数，θ q表示第一夹角，P表示子阵中的天线个数，f c表示子阵的中心载波的频率，c表示光速，p表示子阵的第p个天线的天线编号，d表示子阵中相邻天线的天线间距。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，处理模块1220可以采用以下方式基于预设近场信道模型以及各子阵的远场码字，确定第一天线阵列的近场码字： 确定第一天线阵列的第一天线数量；基于预设近场信道模型、第一天线数量以及各子阵的远场码字，确定第一天线阵列的近场码字。
在本申请一示例性实施例中，处理模块1220可以采用以下公式基于预设近场信道模型、第一天线数量以及各子阵的远场码字，确定第一天线阵列的近场码字：
Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-000050
其中，w(f)表示第一天线阵列的近场码字，N表示第一天线数量，w 0…w Q-1表示各子阵的远场码字。
图13示例了一种电子设备的实体结构示意图，如图13所示，该电子设备可以包括：处理器(processor)1310、通信接口(Communications Interface)1320、存储器(memory)1330和通信总线1340，其中，处理器1310，通信接口1320，存储器1330通过通信总线1340完成相互间的通信。处理器1310可以调用存储器1330中的逻辑指令，以执行近场宽带波束赋形方法，其中，近场宽带波束赋形方法应用于具有第一天线阵列的基站，所述第一天线阵列为超大规模天线阵列，该方法包括：将所述基站的第一天线阵列划分为多个子阵，所述子阵包括多个天线；基于预设远场信道模型，确定各所述子阵的远场码字；基于预设近场信道模型以及各所述子阵的远场码字，确定所述第一天线阵列的近场码字；基于所述第一天线阵列的近场码字，对所述基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理。
此外，上述的存储器1330中的逻辑指令可以通过软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
另一方面，本申请还提供一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，计算机程序可存储在非暂态计算机可读存储介质上，所 述计算机程序被处理器执行时，计算机能够执行上述各方法所提供的近场宽带波束赋形方法，其中，近场宽带波束赋形方法应用于具有第一天线阵列的基站，所述第一天线阵列为超大规模天线阵列，该方法包括：将所述基站的第一天线阵列划分为多个子阵，所述子阵包括多个天线；基于预设远场信道模型，确定各所述子阵的远场码字；基于预设近场信道模型以及各所述子阵的远场码字，确定所述第一天线阵列的近场码字；基于所述第一天线阵列的近场码字，对所述基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理。
又一方面，本申请还提供一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现以执行上述各方法提供的近场宽带波束赋形方法，其中，近场宽带波束赋形方法应用于具有第一天线阵列的基站，所述第一天线阵列为超大规模天线阵列，该方法包括：将所述基站的第一天线阵列划分为多个子阵，所述子阵包括多个天线；基于预设远场信道模型，确定各所述子阵的远场码字；基于预设近场信道模型以及各所述子阵的远场码字，确定所述第一天线阵列的近场码字；基于所述第一天线阵列的近场码字，对所述基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理。
以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性的劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到各实施方式可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现，当然也可以通过硬件。基于这样的理解，上述技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，如ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘等，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行各个实施例或者实施例的某些部分所述的方法。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对 其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种近场宽带波束赋形方法，所述方法应用于具有第一天线阵列的基站，所述第一天线阵列为超大规模天线阵列，所述方法包括：
    将所述基站的第一天线阵列划分为多个子阵，所述子阵包括多个天线；
    基于预设远场信道模型，确定各所述子阵的远场码字；
    基于预设近场信道模型以及各所述子阵的远场码字，确定所述第一天线阵列的近场码字；
    基于所述第一天线阵列的近场码字，对所述基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的近场宽带波束赋形方法，其中，所述子阵设置有第一延时器，所述子阵的天线设置有第一移相器，所述基于预设远场信道模型，确定各所述子阵的远场码字，包括：
    确定所述第一延时器的第一延时参数，以及确定所述第一移相器的第一移相参数；
    基于所述预设远场信道模型、所述第一延时参数以及所述第一移相参数，确定所述子阵的远场码字。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的近场宽带波束赋形方法，其中，所述预设远场信道模型表示为以下公式：
    Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-100001
    其中，w q(f)表示第q个子阵的远场码字，τ′ q表示第q个子阵的第一延时参数，
    Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-100002
    表示第q个子阵第p个天线上的第一移相参数，其中，p＝[0,1,2,…P-1]，f表示所述子阵中天线发射的信号频率，j表示虚数单位。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的近场宽带波束赋形方法，其中，所述第一延时参数通过以下方式确定：
    确定所述子阵的子阵中心与用户的第一距离，以及所述子阵的子阵中心与用户的法线方向的第一夹角；
    基于所述第一距离以及所述第一夹角，确定所述第一延时参数。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的近场宽带波束赋形方法，其中，所述基于所述第一距离以及所述第一夹角，确定所述第一延时参数通过以下公式实现：
    Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-100003
    其中，τ′ q表示所述第一延时参数，r q表示所述第一距离，θ q表示第一夹角，c表示光速，P表示所述子阵中的天线个数，d表示所述子阵中相邻天线的天线间距。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的近场宽带波束赋形方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    对所述第一延时参数进行非负约束处理，得到处理后第一延时参数；
    将所述处理后第一延时参数作为最终的第一延时参数。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的近场宽带波束赋形方法，其中，所述对所述第一延时参数进行非负约束处理通过以下公式实现：
    τ″ q＝τ′ q+T
    其中，τ″ q表示所述处理后第一延时参数，τ′ q表示所述第一延时参数，T表示公共延时，且T＝-minτ′ q。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的近场宽带波束赋形方法，其中，所述第一移相参数通过以下方式确定：
    确定所述子阵的子阵中心与用户的法线方向的第一夹角；
    基于所述第一夹角，确定第一移相参数。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的近场宽带波束赋形方法，其中，所述基于所述第一夹角，确定第一移相参数通过以下公式确定：
    Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-100004
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-100005
    表示所述第一移相参数，θ q表示第一夹角，P表示所述子阵中的天线个数，f c表示所述子阵的中心载波的频率，c表示光速，p表示所述子阵的第p个天线的天线编号，d表示所述子阵中相邻天线的天线间距。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的近场宽带波束赋形方法，其中，所述基于预设近场信道模型以及各所述子阵的远场码字，确定所述第一天线阵列的近场码字，包括：
    确定所述第一天线阵列的第一天线数量；
    基于所述预设近场信道模型、所述第一天线数量以及各所述子阵的远场码字，确定所述第一天线阵列的近场码字。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的近场宽带波束赋形方法，其中，所述基于所述预设近场信道模型、所述第一天线数量以及各所述子阵的远场码字，确定所述第一天线阵列的近场码字通过以下公式实现：
    Figure PCTCN2022102290-appb-100006
    其中，w(f)表示所述第一天线阵列的近场码字，N表示所述第一天线数量，w 0…w Q-1表示各所述子阵的远场码字。
  12. 一种近场宽带波束赋形装置，所述装置应用于具有第一天线阵列的基站，所述第一天线阵列为超大规模天线阵列，所述装置包括：
    划分模块，用于将所述基站的第一天线阵列划分为多个子阵，所述子阵包括多个天线；
    处理模块，用于基于预设远场信道模型，确定各所述子阵的远场码字，以及用于基于预设近场信道模型以及各所述子阵的远场码字，确定所述第一天线阵列的近场码字；
    确定模块，用于基于所述第一天线阵列的近场码字，对所述基站生成的近场宽带波束进行赋形处理。
  13. 一种电子设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，其中，所述处理器执行所述程序时实现如权利要求1至11任一项所述近场宽带波束赋形方法的步骤。
  14. 一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，其中，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至11任一项所述近场宽带波束赋形方法的步骤。
  15. 一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序，其中，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至11任一项所述近场宽带波束赋形方法的步骤。
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