WO2023100072A1 - Procédé de stabilisation pour le réseau électrique, le réseau de gaz et/ou le réseau d'hydrogène - Google Patents

Procédé de stabilisation pour le réseau électrique, le réseau de gaz et/ou le réseau d'hydrogène Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023100072A1
WO2023100072A1 PCT/IB2022/061531 IB2022061531W WO2023100072A1 WO 2023100072 A1 WO2023100072 A1 WO 2023100072A1 IB 2022061531 W IB2022061531 W IB 2022061531W WO 2023100072 A1 WO2023100072 A1 WO 2023100072A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow
obtaining
combustion gas
hydrogen
gas flow
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2022/061531
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Matteo BERRA
Lorenzo BRUNO
Original Assignee
Saipem S.P.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saipem S.P.A. filed Critical Saipem S.P.A.
Publication of WO2023100072A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023100072A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01B21/04—Purification or separation of nitrogen
    • C01B21/0405—Purification or separation processes
    • C01B21/0433—Physical processing only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/34—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid with recycling of part of the working fluid, i.e. semi-closed cycles with combustion products in the closed part of the cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0065—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0067—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/60—Application making use of surplus or waste energy
    • F05D2220/62—Application making use of surplus or waste energy with energy recovery turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/86—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using electrical phenomena, e.g. Corona discharge, electrolysis or magnetic field
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/60—Expansion by ejector or injector, e.g. "Gasstrahlpumpe", "venturi mixing", "jet pumps"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/70—Steam turbine, e.g. used in a Rankine cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/80—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine
    • F25J2240/82—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine with waste heat recovery, e.g. in a combined cycle, i.e. for generating steam used in a Rankine cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
    • F25J2260/30—Integration in an installation using renewable energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/16—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly

Definitions

  • the present invention is applicable to the energy field, and in particular, for the stabilization of the electrical network and, possibly, of the combustible gas network, as well as of the hydrogen network, normally present in a refinery.
  • Such a process must be efficient, therefore it must have a high return coefficient of the energy withdrawn from the network, as well as practical, thus requiring limited storage spaces not linked to particular subsoil conformations, such as exhausted wells in which to store gas; moreover, it must allow the storage of amounts of energy such as to exceed the seasonality/unpredictability limits typically found in the availability of renewable energies. It is known that the storage of large amounts of hydrogen and/or oxygen requires the liquefaction of said gases at temperatures compatible with storage at atmospheric pressure, and that said process is energetic, to the point of consuming up to one third of the calorific power of hydrogen, with the effect of limiting the production thereof per unit of available electricity.
  • liquid hydrogen liquefaction and storage systems proposed so far use liquid nitrogen, but such a fluid is generated and imported from the outside, while the systems using hydrogen in the generation of electricity simply consider such a gas as available, without taking care of the recovery of the frigories if it is liquid.
  • Prior art document JP2020024064 describes a plant for producing liquid hydrogen for continuously liquefying gaseous hydrogen even if the supply thereof is fluctuating; for example, such a system can be used when producing gaseous hydrogen from renewable energy sources.
  • US 10,634,425 describes a method for liquefying gaseous hydrogen within a hydrogen liquefaction unit using a high pressure nitrogen flow as the first source of refrigeration; in particular, the high pressure nitrogen flow comes from a nitrogen pipeline.
  • the use of high pressure nitrogen is described as an alternative to a natural gas flow from a high pressure pipeline or an air flow from an air separation unit.
  • the inventors of the present patent application have surprisingly found that it is possible to integrate the electrolytic hydrogen production technologies with the hydrogen storage technologies, both in liquid and cryo-compressed form, with the use of liquid and/or cryo-compressed nitrogen systems.
  • the present invention describes a process for producing and storing hydrogen, and for producing electricity, and for producing and storing liquid and/or cryo-compressed nitrogen.
  • the process of the invention comprises a first step of producing and storing hydrogen using electricity and liquid and/or cryo-compressed nitrogen.
  • the process of the invention comprises a second step of generating electricity and liquid and/or cryo-compressed nitrogen.
  • Figure 1 depicts the diagram of the storage step according to the process of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 depicts the diagram of a first embodiment of the generation step according to the process of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 depicts the diagram of an alternative embodiment of the generation step according to the process of the present invention.
  • the proces s of the present invention comprises two steps : a first step of producing liquid or cryo- compres sed hydrogen (step A) and a second step of generating electricity and producing and storing liquid and/or cryo-compres sed nitrogen (step B) .
  • said step A) is a step of producing and storing hydrogen .
  • hydrogen is produced in liquid (H 2 I) and/or gaseous (H 2 g) form, pos sibly in cryo- compres sed gaseous form .
  • step B said step is a step of producing electricity and liquid and/or cryo-compres sed nitrogen (where not indicated, liquid and/or cryo-compres sed nitrogen is always intended) .
  • step B More in particular, the liquid nitrogen i s produced from a combustion gas f low obtained in step B ) .
  • A) of producing liquid and gaseous and/or cryo- compressed hydrogen comprises using the liquid and/or cryo-compressed nitrogen produced and stored in step
  • step A) comprises the sub-steps of:
  • sub-step Al) is carried out in an electrolytic cell a EC and can use sea water; in this case, the electrolytic cell a EC can be provided with a purge system for the brine B.
  • the process uses excess electricity; therefore, according to a preferred aspect, in sub- step Al) the electrolytic cell a EC uses excess available electricity.
  • excess electricity means electricity produced and available in the electrical network, but which is not used.
  • the oxygen flow a 2 obtained from sub-step Al) is intended for export, as a valuable by-product, or can be released into the atmosphere.
  • the hydrogen flow a 3 obtained from sub-step A1) can be compressed in a first compressor a C1; therefore, sub-step A2) can be carried out on a hydrogen flow a 3 or on a compressed hydrogen flow a 3'.
  • step A2) is carried out in a first heat exchanger a TE1 for heat exchange with an external refrigerant fluid.
  • an external refrigerant fluid can be represented by water or air at ambient temperature and is preferably represented by water.
  • sub- step A3) comprises the sub-steps of:
  • the pre-cooling sub-step A3a) is carried out in a second heat exchanger a TE2 for heat exchange with a liquid and/or cryo-compressed nitrogen flow at a first heating level a 32 and possibly also with an expanded nitrogen flow a 34, as it will be described below, obtaining a first portion of the pre-cooled hydrogen flow a 6.
  • the first cooling sub-step A3b) is carried out in a third heat exchanger a TE3 for heat exchange with a pumped liquid and/or cryo-compressed nitrogen flow a 31, as it will be described below, obtaining a first portion of the cooled hydrogen flow a 7.
  • the pre-cooling sub-step A3a) and/or the first cooling sub- step A3b) are also carried out by heat exchange with a refrigerant fluid flow circulating in a refrigerant fluid circuit, as will be described below.
  • one and any further cooling sub-steps A3d) are carried out by heat exchange in a fourth heat exchanger a TE4 with a refrigerant fluid flow, circulating in a refrigerant fluid circuit, as it will be described below.
  • sub- step A4) comprises the sub-steps of:
  • the pre-cooling sub-step A4a) is carried out in the second heat exchanger a TE2 for heat exchange with a liquid and/or cryo-compressed nitrogen flow at a first heating level a 32 and possibly also with an expanded nitrogen flow a 34, as described above, obtaining a second portion of the pre-cooled hydrogen flow a 10.
  • the first cooling step A4b) is carried out in the third heat exchanger a TE3 for heat exchange with a pumped liquid and/or cryo-compressed nitrogen flow a 31, as described above, obtaining a second portion of the cooled hydrogen flow a ll.
  • the second portion of the cooled hydrogen flow a ll can be subjected to the stabilization sub-step A4c) for the catalytic conversion of the hydrogen from the ortho form to the para form, obtaining a second portion of the cooled and stabilized hydrogen flow a 14.
  • the second portion of the cooled hydrogen flow a ll can be divided into a first a 12' and a second a 12'' portion, each of which is subjected to the stabilization step in a respective converter a CONVl, a CONV2, obtaining a first portion of converted hydrogen a 13' and a second portion of converted hydrogen a 13'', which can be joined in the second portion of the cooled and stabilized hydrogen flow a 14.
  • the cooled and stabilized hydrogen flow a 14 can be subjected to a further first ortho/para cooling and stabilization step A4b), obtaining a further cooled and stabilized hydrogen flow a 15.
  • the cooled hydrogen flow a ll or the further cooled and stabilized hydrogen flow a 15, obtained as described above, are subjected to at least one further ortho/para cooling and stabilization step A4d) in a fourth heat exchanger a TE4 (as described for step A4c)), obtaining an even further cooled and stabilized hydrogen flow a 16.
  • such at least one and possible further cooling and stabilization steps are carried out by heat exchange (in the presence of an ortho/para conversion catalyst) with a refrigerant fluid, circulating in a refrigerant fluid circuit, as will be described below.
  • a recirculating liquid hydrogen flow a H 2 r which can be subjected to one of the further cooling steps A4d) and ortho/para stabilization (as diagrammatically shown in figure 1), can be obtained from the liquid hydrogen tank a TH 2 I.
  • liquid nitrogen flow used in the above-described heat exchange steps is a liquid nitrogen flow withdrawn from liquid nitrogen tank a TN 2 l (the embodiment using cryo- compressed nitrogen is contemplated by the present invention even if not depicted in the figures).
  • a first liquid nitrogen flow a 30 is obtained from said liquid nitrogen tank a TN 2 l, which is withdrawn and pumped in a pump a PN 2 l.
  • up to 150 bar g can be pumped.
  • the pumped liquid nitrogen flow a 31 thus obtained is then used in the first cooling steps A3b) and A4b) obtaining a nitrogen flow at a first heating level a 32.
  • the nitrogen flow at a first heating level a 32 thus obtained is used in the pre-cooling steps A3a) and A4a), obtaining a gaseous nitrogen flow at a second heating level a 33.
  • the gaseous nitrogen flow at a second heating level a 33 can then be expanded in an expander a EXN 2 l, obtaining an expanded nitrogen flow a 34, which is further heated by a further possible pre-cooling step A3a) and A4a) until a gaseous nitrogen flow a 35 is obtained, which can be released into the atmosphere or used in the regeneration of molecular sieves.
  • the liquid nitrogen used in the storage step described above is obtained from a generation step B) or B') as described below.
  • the fluid circulating in the refrigerant fluid circuit a 100 can be represented by hydrogen or helium and is preferably represented by hydrogen.
  • the refrigerant fluid circuit does not represent a limiting element of the present invention, as it is sufficient that it allows cooling the first a 5 and the second a 9 portions of the preliminarily cooled hydrogen flow a 4 until obtaining liquid and gaseous hydrogen as described above.
  • such a circuit a 100 can operate according to the Claude cycle.
  • Such a cycle includes at least two compression steps of the refrigerant fluid contained in a tank a Tfr, and at least three expansion steps, two of which are obtained by expander machines a EXlfr, a EX2fr and the third by a valve a Vfr.
  • the refrigerant fluid flow After being withdrawn from the tank a Tfr, the refrigerant fluid flow therefore carries out the heat exchange steps:
  • the above steps can be carried out in countercurrent or in co-current and can possibly be repeated, in the same direction or not.
  • each expansion follows a possible further heat exchange step with the hydrogen flow of steps A4c) and A4d).
  • step B) comprises the sub-steps of:
  • this is carried out in a combustor g COMB.
  • sub- step Bl) can be carried out on an air flow g l preliminarily subjected to filtration by means of a filter g F, thus obtaining a filtered air flow g l'.
  • the air flow g l or the filtered air flow g l' is compressed in a compressor g TC, thus obtaining a compressed air flow g 2.
  • sub-step Bl the combustion of sub-step Bl) can be carried out on an air flow g l or filtered air flow g l' or on a compressed air flow g 2.
  • sub- step Bl) can be carried out in the combustor g COMB even in the presence of a compressed recirculating nitrogen flow g R2 as described below.
  • the air flow g l is joined to the first recirculating portion g 8 according to sub-step B5) described above.
  • such a first recirculating portion g 8 has the effect of moderating the combustion temperature of sub-step Bl), which is normally between 900-1,800°C and preferably is around l,500°C, avoiding the use of complex cooling systems; furthermore, it allows achieving an optimal volumetric flow for the use of a compressor and the gas turbine of the next step .
  • a part of the recirculating portion g 8' can be sent, instead of being suctioned to the compressor g TC, in whole or partially, directly to the combustor gCOMB, as a dilution gas, after compression in a compressor of the recirculating flow g C01
  • the combustion of sub-step Bl) is carried out in the presence of an overall vaporized hydrogen flow g 33 as it will be described below.
  • the expansion sub-step B2) is carried out in a gas turbine g GT which, by virtue of the connection with a generator g E, produces electricity.
  • the cooling sub-step B3) of the combustion gases g 4 comprises the sub-steps of:
  • Such an external refrigerant fluid can be represented by water or air at ambient temperature and is preferably represented by water.
  • the external refrigerant fluid used in sub-step B3b) can be represented by ambient temperature air or water.
  • this comprises the separation of the condensed water g wl by a first separator g Sl.
  • the compression sub-step B6) is carried out in a first compressor g Cl, thus obtaining a compressed dehydrated gas flow g 10.
  • the cooling of sub-step B7) is carried out in a third heat exchanger g TE3 and is obtained by heat exchange with a heated gaseous hydrogen flow g 31 and with a heated vaporized hydrogen flow g 22 as described below.
  • the at least one water separation step is carried out in a second separator g S2, thus obtaining a second water flow g w2.
  • a further dehydration step can be carried out out in a dehydration unit g DU by molecular sieves, thus obtaining a nitrogen flow g 13.
  • such a dehydration is carried out until reducing the water content below 500 ppm and preferably below 50 ppm.
  • the cooling sub-step B8) is carried out in a fourth exchanger g TE4 for heat exchange with a gaseous hydrogen flow g 30 and with a pumped liquid hydrogen flow g 21.
  • such a pumped liquid hydrogen flow g 21 is obtained from a liquid hydrogen flow g 20 pumped by a liquid hydrogen pump g PH 2 I.
  • the liquid nitrogen flow g 14 thus obtained is stored in a liquid nitrogen tank g TN 2 l.
  • Non-condensables originate from such a tank g TN 2 l, which form a recirculating nitrogen flow g Rl which can be sent to a second compressor g C2, thus obtaining a compressed recirculating nitrogen flow g R2 consisting mainly of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, which, as described above, can be recirculated to the combustor g COMB for sub-step Bl).
  • the liquid nitrogen flow obtained in sub-step B8) is used to carry out the pre-cooling of sub-step A3a).
  • the liquid nitrogen flow obtained in sub-step B8) is also used to carry out the pre-cooling sub-step A4a).
  • the gaseous hydrogen stored in the gaseous hydrogen tank g TH 2 g and the liquid hydrogen stored in the liquid hydrogen tank g TH 2 l are obtained by steps A3) and A4) of the storage step described above, respectively; therefore, the tanks a TH 2 g and g TH 2 g coincide with each other, as well as the tanks a TH 2 l and g TH 2 l.
  • the heated gaseous hydrogen flow g 31 and the heated vaporized hydrogen flow g 22 are both sent to the cooling sub-step B7) in the third exchanger g TE3, thus obtaining a further heated gaseous hydrogen flow g 32 and a further heated vaporized hydrogen flow g 23, which are joined in an overall vaporized hydrogen flow g 33.
  • Such an overall vaporized hydrogen flow g 33 is sent to the combustor g COMB for sub-step Bl), possibly after having drained a portion g 34, which can be sent to the natural gas network or to the hydrogen network of a refinery.
  • the cooling of sub-step B3a) is obtained with a working fluid which is selected from the group comprising air and water and it is preferably represented by water.
  • a second heated working fluid flow g fl2 thus obtained is expanded in a steam turbine g STl providing an expanded flow g fl3, which, connected to a first generator g El, can generate electricity.
  • the thus obtained expanded flow g fl3 is further heated in a second heat exchange in the heat exchanger g TE1 giving a heated flow g fl4, which is subjected to a second expansion in a second expansion turbine g ST2, which, connected to a second generator g E2, can generate electricity.
  • the thus obtained further expanded flow g fl5 is cooled in a fifth exchanger g TE5 by the use of an external refrigerant fluid and sent, possibly after having been pumped in a working fluid pump g Pfl, thus obtaining a pumped fluid g fll, to the heat exchange step B3a).
  • an external refrigerant fluid can be represented by water or air at ambient temperature and is preferably represented by water.
  • the generation step B) according to the present invention is a step B') comprising the use of a fuel cell for producing electricity.
  • step B'1) the air flow 1 to be subjected to combustion in the combustor g' COMB is preliminarily subjected to a treatment comprising the following sub-steps: b0) if necessary, filtering by means of a filter g’F, thus obtaining a filtered air flow g' 1', b1) compressing and obtaining a compressed air flow g' 4, b2) heating, thus obtaining a compressed and heated air flow g' 8, b3) reducing the oxygen contained in said compressed and heated air flow g' 8, thus obtaining a reduced flow g' 9, b4) cooling said reduced flow g' 9, thus obtaining a cooled flow g' 10 and joining to an integration flow g' 6.
  • the compression sub-step bl) can subject the air flow g' 1 or filtered air flow g' 1' to the sub-steps of: bla) first compression in a first compressor g' C1, thus obtaining a flow at a first compression level g' 2, bib) cooling in a first heat exchanger g' TE1, thus obtaining a flow at a first cooled compression level g' 3, and b1c) second compression in a second compressor g' C2, thus obtaining the compressed flow g' 4.
  • sub-step bib is obtained by heat exchange with an external refrigerant fluid.
  • Such an external refrigerant fluid can be represented by water or air at ambient temperature and is preferably represented by water.
  • this comprises three heating steps, in which:
  • sub-step b2b is obtained by heat exchange in a third exchanger g' TE3 with a first inert fluid flow g' fil, for example represented by nitrogen, thus obtaining a flow at a second heating level g' 7, and sub-step b2c) is obtained by heat exchange in a fourth exchanger g' TE4 with the reduced flow g' 9, thus obtaining a compressed and heated air flow g' 8.
  • a third exchanger g' TE3 with a first inert fluid flow g' fil, for example represented by nitrogen, thus obtaining a flow at a second heating level g' 7
  • sub-step b2c is obtained by heat exchange in a fourth exchanger g' TE4 with the reduced flow g' 9, thus obtaining a compressed and heated air flow g' 8.
  • an integration flow g' 6 is separated from the first heating flow g' 5, which is sent to the combustor g' COMB for sub-step B'l) after joining the cooled flow g' 10, giving a joined flow g' 1l.
  • an overall vaporized hydrogen flow g' 33 is sent to the combustor g' COMB for the combustion of sub-step B'l).
  • such an overall vaporized hydrogen flow g' 33 is obtained by joining a heated gaseous hydrogen flow g' 41 and a pumped and heated vaporized hydrogen flow g' 32, as described below.
  • a compressed recirculating nitrogen flow g' R2 consisting mainly of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, obtained as described below, can be joined with such an overall vaporized hydrogen flow g' 33, giving a flow to be subjected to combustion g' 35.
  • a portion g' 34 can be drawn, which can be sent to the natural gas network or to the hydrogen network of a refinery.
  • such heated gaseous hydrogen g' 41 and pumped and heated vaporized hydrogen g' 32 flows are obtained from the respective tanks g' TH 2 g and g' TH 2 I.
  • such a flow to be sent to the combustor g' 35 is subjected to the steps of: b'1) heating, obtaining a heated flow g' 50 to be oxidized, b'2) oxidizing the hydrogen contained in the heated flow g' 50 to be oxidized, thus obtaining an oxidized flow g' 51, b'3) further cooling, thus obtaining a cooled oxidized flow g' 52.
  • sub-step b'1) is obtained in the first heat exchanger g' TE2 for heat exchange with the expanded combustion gas flow g' 13.
  • the heating step b'1) is carried out in the same exchanger as sub-step b2a).
  • sub-step b'2 As for sub-step b'2), this is obtained in the cathode of a fuel cell g' FC and, in particular, in the same fuel cell of sub-step b3).
  • the further cooling sub-step b'3) is carried out in a fifth heat exchanger g' TE5 for heat exchange with a third inert fluid flow g' fi3, for example represented by nitrogen, as described below.
  • a first inert fluid flow g' fi1 carries out the heat exchange in the third heat exchanger g' TE3, thus obtaining a second inert fluid flow g' fi2, which is pumped by an inert fluid pump g' Pfi, thus obtaining the third inert fluid flow g' fi3 referred to above.
  • a combustion gas flow g' 12 is obtained from the combustion step B'1), which is subjected to the further steps of: B'2) expanding said combustion gas flow g' 12 in an expander g' EX, thus obtaining an expanded combustion flue gas flow g' 13,
  • Such a liquid nitrogen flow g' 21 is then stored in a liquid nitrogen tank g' TN 2 l.
  • the non-condensables originate from the liquid nitrogen tank g' TN 2 l; in fact, a recirculating flow g' Rl is obtained from the tank, which is compressed in a fourth compressor g' C4, giving the compressed recirculating nitrogen flow g' R2 described above.
  • the liquid nitrogen flow obtained in sub-step B'5) is used to carry out the pre-cooling sub-step A3a).
  • sub- step B'3 comprises the further sub-steps of:
  • Step B'3b) is carried out by heat exchange with an external refrigerant fluid.
  • Such an external refrigerant fluid can be represented by water or air at ambient temperature and is preferably represented by water.
  • said sub-step B'4) comprises the further sub-steps of:
  • step B'4c) is carried out in the seventh heat exchanger g' TE7 for heat exchange with an external refrigerant fluid.
  • Such an external refrigerant fluid can be represented by water or air at ambient temperature and is preferably represented by water.
  • step B'4e) in the Dehydration Unit g' DU is carried out until the water content is reduced below 500 ppm and preferably below 50 ppm.
  • sub-step B'5) is carried out by heat exchange with the gaseous hydrogen flow g' 40 and with the pumped liquid hydrogen flow g' 31.
  • said pumped liquid hydrogen flow g' 31 is obtained by pumping with a liquid hydrogen pump g' PH 2 I a liquid hydrogen flow g' 3O obtained from the liquid hydrogen tank g' TH 2 I.
  • the gaseous hydrogen stored in the gaseous hydrogen tank g' TH 2 g and the liquid hydrogen stored in the liquid hydrogen tank g' TH 2 I are obtained by steps A3) and A4) of the storage step described above, respectively; therefore, the tanks a TH 2 g and g' TH 2 g coincide with each other, as well as the tanks a TH 2 I and g' TH 2 I.
  • the liquid nitrogen and liquid and gaseous hydrogen tanks of the storage step and the generation step coincide (respectively: a TN 2 l, g TN 2 l, g' TN 2 l; a TH 2 l, g TH 2 l, g' TH 2 l, a TH 2 g, gTH 2 g, g' TH 2 g).
  • liquid nitrogen used in step A) coincides with the liquid nitrogen produced in generation step B) or B'); likewise, the liquid hydrogen and the gaseous hydrogen obtained with the storage step A) are used in the generation step B) or B').
  • step A) the liquid nitrogen used in step A) is produced in step B) or B') from a combustion gas flow.
  • a plant for carrying out the above-described process of the invention is described.
  • such a plant comprises: a liquid and/or cryo-compressed nitrogen tank a TN 2 l, g TN 2 l, g' TN 2 l, a liquid hydrogen tank a TH 2 I, g TH 2 I, g' TH 2 I, a gaseous hydrogen tank a TH 2 g,gTH 2 g, g' TH 2 g, an air compressor g TC, g' TCl, g' TC2, a combustor for combusting an air flow gCOMB, g' COMB, a gas turbine g GT with a generator g E or an expander g' EX for generating electricity, and heat exchangers a TE2, a TE3, g TE4, g' TE8 for the heat exchange between a liquid nitrogen flow and a liquid and gaseous and/or cryo-compressed hydrogen flow.
  • a fuel cell g' FC for the further production of electricity can be further comprised.
  • the plant is that which carries out the process as described above.
  • the excess energy can be used to produce hydrogen on site, by electrolysis, and store it both in liquid and cold and compressed gas form (cryo-compression).
  • the system can accumulate, at each cycle, both energy in the form of cryo-compressed hydrogen, which will be used entirely (or almost) during the night, and energy in the form of liquid hydrogen to be stored during the summer to compensate for the lack of daily production thereof during the winter.
  • liquid nitrogen will instead be countercyclical with respect to liquid hydrogen and, therefore, the quantity of nitrogen supplied by the gas turbine can be varied through the purge fl; the effect of the purge on energy generation by the power cycle is inversely proportional to the quantity of nitrogen made available.
  • the electricity produced by a solar field must not only supply energy to a refinery, but also directly produce hydrogen, by electrolysis, to be sent to the hydrogen network of the refinery, storing a part thereof both for electricity generation and to compensate for the lack of hydrogen in other hours.
  • hydrogen must also be vaporized in a quantity greater than that required by the consumption of the power cycle, in order to supply the hydrogen network in the absence of the electrolytic source.
  • the power cycle must limit the purge fl to provide a greater quantity of nitrogen for the recovery of all the hydrogen frigories.
  • the natural gas network can be stabilized, however taking into account the limits of admissibility of hydrogen in methane pipelines, mainly linked to the different calorific value of hydrogen and natural gas; in fact, the greater the quantity of hydrogen, the lower the energy transport capacity of the pipeline.
  • the present invention allows integrating electrolytic hydrogen production technologies with hydrogen storage technologies, both in gaseous and cryo-compressed form, with the use of a gas turbine or an electrolytic cell, which can produce electricity and nitrogen, with a hydrogen frigories recovery system.
  • the described process can further be used for producing gaseous oxygen, even at high pressure, to be used for other purposes.
  • the described process advantageously does not release carbon dioxide into the environment. Furthermore, it does not require an air separation unit (ASU) to produce liquid nitrogen to be stored and uses widely available and technologically "mature” technologies such as gas turbines.
  • ASU air separation unit
  • the process of the invention uses "self- produced” hydrogen and nitrogen, i.e., produced within the same process and, therefore, not required from external sources.
  • the described process can also be used to desalinate water, producing discrete amounts thereof as a by-product.
  • gaseous hydrogen and liquid hydrogen allows optimally balancing the requirements of not having to bear excessive costs for storing hydrogen as a cryo-compressed gas, avoiding the (economic and logistical) problem of having metal containers suitable for storage.
  • the electricity used in the storage step can be excess electricity absorbed from the network.
  • it can be energy from renewable sources, such as photovoltaic energy, which, by its nature, has a daily and seasonal trend.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de stabilisation du réseau électrique par combinaison des étapes de stockage et de génération d'énergie.
PCT/IB2022/061531 2021-12-03 2022-11-29 Procédé de stabilisation pour le réseau électrique, le réseau de gaz et/ou le réseau d'hydrogène WO2023100072A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102021000030674 2021-12-03
IT102021000030674A IT202100030674A1 (it) 2021-12-03 2021-12-03 Processo di stabilizzazione della rete elettrica, della rete gas e/o della rete idrogeno

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023100072A1 true WO2023100072A1 (fr) 2023-06-08

Family

ID=80448556

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2022/061531 WO2023100072A1 (fr) 2021-12-03 2022-11-29 Procédé de stabilisation pour le réseau électrique, le réseau de gaz et/ou le réseau d'hydrogène

Country Status (2)

Country Link
IT (1) IT202100030674A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023100072A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2470062A (en) * 2009-05-08 2010-11-10 Corac Group Plc Production and Distribution of Natural Gas
US20120100062A1 (en) * 2009-05-05 2012-04-26 Norihiko Nakamura Combined plant
JP2020024064A (ja) * 2018-08-07 2020-02-13 川崎重工業株式会社 液体水素製造設備
US10634425B2 (en) * 2016-08-05 2020-04-28 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Integration of industrial gas site with liquid hydrogen production
FR3099234A1 (fr) * 2019-07-26 2021-01-29 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Procédé de récupération d’énergie frigorifique avec production d’électricité ou liquéfaction d’un courant gazeux

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120100062A1 (en) * 2009-05-05 2012-04-26 Norihiko Nakamura Combined plant
GB2470062A (en) * 2009-05-08 2010-11-10 Corac Group Plc Production and Distribution of Natural Gas
US10634425B2 (en) * 2016-08-05 2020-04-28 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Integration of industrial gas site with liquid hydrogen production
JP2020024064A (ja) * 2018-08-07 2020-02-13 川崎重工業株式会社 液体水素製造設備
FR3099234A1 (fr) * 2019-07-26 2021-01-29 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Procédé de récupération d’énergie frigorifique avec production d’électricité ou liquéfaction d’un courant gazeux

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BRACHA M ET AL: "Grosstechnische Wasserstoffverfliissigung in Leuna", DEUTSCHE KÄLTE- KLIMA-TAGUNG 2008 ULM: 19. - 21. NOVEMBER 2008 / DKV, DEUTSCHER KÄLTE- UND KLIMATECHNISCHER VEREIN,, 19 November 2008 (2008-11-19), pages 6pp, XP009176273, ISBN: 978-3-932715-43-3 *
GROSS R ET AL: "FLUESSIGWASSERSTOFF FUER EUROPA - DIE LINDE-ANLAGE IN INGOLSTADT", BERICHTE AUS TECHNIK UND WISSENSCHAFT, LINDE AG. WIESBADEN, DE, no. 71, 1 January 1994 (1994-01-01), pages 36 - 42, XP000447171, ISSN: 0942-332X *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT202100030674A1 (it) 2023-06-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN112963207B (zh) 一种液化空气混合储能与发电一体化系统及方法
US10100979B2 (en) Liquid air as energy storage
KR102048844B1 (ko) 이산화탄소 포집 장치를 포함하는 액화공기 재기화 시스템 및 방법
CN102102586B (zh) 一种高峰负荷发电装置
CN109812304B (zh) 集成二氧化碳循环与液化空气储能的调峰发电系统及方法
AU2012206484A1 (en) Electricity generation device and method
IT201900008367A1 (it) Un sistema di liquefazione di gas naturale
CN114135349A (zh) 热电厂余热再利用方法及与热电厂耦合的储能发电系统
GB2461101A (en) Power generation system
US4227374A (en) Methods and means for storing energy
RU2273742C1 (ru) Энергоаккумулирующая установка
CN113638806A (zh) 用于交变负荷的lng冷能梯度回收的系统及调峰方法
US20230341180A1 (en) Method and device for manufacturing liquid hydrogen by offshore off-grid superconducting wind turbine
CN209875220U (zh) 集成二氧化碳循环与液化空气储能的调峰发电系统
WO2023100072A1 (fr) Procédé de stabilisation pour le réseau électrique, le réseau de gaz et/ou le réseau d'hydrogène
CN214701459U (zh) 一种基于煤电机组的氢气制取及液化存储系统
CN110425413A (zh) 一种大规模低能耗阶梯储氢系统及方法
US20230243271A1 (en) System having a liquid air energy storage and power plant apparatus
KR20240042681A (ko) 수소를 생산하기 위한 방법 및 시스템
US10690013B2 (en) System and method for liquid air energy storage
WO2023100148A1 (fr) Procédé de stabilisation pour le réseau électrique, le réseau de gaz et/ou le réseau d'hydrogène et pour la production d'ammoniac
JP2000120404A (ja) 複合発電プラント
CN218598246U (zh) 一种集成储压储热的发电系统
CN220955742U (zh) 一种灵活高效二氧化碳发电耦合氨醇联产系统
RU2783176C2 (ru) Способ и устройства накопления энергии с получением криогенных жидкостей, хранения энергии и ее высвобождения с использованием различных источников теплоты на стадии генерации

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 22829848

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

DPE1 Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)