WO2023098351A1 - Hydrogen storage tank and hydrogen storage system for hydrogen energy railway vehicle - Google Patents

Hydrogen storage tank and hydrogen storage system for hydrogen energy railway vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023098351A1
WO2023098351A1 PCT/CN2022/127814 CN2022127814W WO2023098351A1 WO 2023098351 A1 WO2023098351 A1 WO 2023098351A1 CN 2022127814 W CN2022127814 W CN 2022127814W WO 2023098351 A1 WO2023098351 A1 WO 2023098351A1
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Prior art keywords
hydrogen storage
hydrogen
storage tank
heat exchange
tank
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PCT/CN2022/127814
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
唐艳丽
毛业军
张伟先
杨升
张婷婷
李玉梅
付鹏
马丹
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中车株洲电力机车有限公司
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Publication of WO2023098351A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023098351A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
    • F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/12—Vessels not under pressure with provision for protection against corrosion, e.g. due to gaseous acid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy rail vehicle, in particular to a solid hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy rail vehicle.
  • the on-board hydrogen storage methods of rail transit vehicles are mostly high-pressure hydrogen storage.
  • solid-state hydrogen storage reduces hydrogenation pressure and storage pressure, making the on-board storage and hydrogenation process of hydrogen safer. one of the important ways. Applying solid-state hydrogen storage to hydrogen energy rail transit vehicles can increase the hydrogen storage capacity of the vehicle, increase the cruising range, and improve the safety of hydrogen energy use.
  • the volumetric energy density of solid-state hydrogen storage is high, but the gravimetric energy density is only one-third of that of high-pressure hydrogen storage.
  • the commonly used solid hydrogen storage tank material is aluminum alloy. Since the density of aluminum alloy is 2.7-2.9g/cm 3 , this makes the weight ratio of the existing solid hydrogen storage tank to the hydrogen storage alloy contained inside it about 1: 1. Such a large weight makes the weight hydrogen storage density of solid-state hydrogen storage low.
  • volume hydrogen storage density of the hydrogen storage alloy itself is very high, the volume hydrogen storage density of the hydrogen storage system is only 1/3-1/2 of the volume hydrogen storage density of the hydrogen storage alloy, and the weight hydrogen storage density is only 1/3-1/5 of the hydrogen storage alloy, or even lower.
  • the loss in the middle is because the heating and cooling after the hydrogen storage system is formed is realized by setting heat exchange pipes inside the hydrogen storage tank, and these heat exchange pipes are connected end to end to form an S-shaped flow channel, which makes the heat exchange
  • the medium in the pipeline needs to flow through the hydrogen storage alloy in the entire hydrogen storage tank in an S-shaped curve, but the temperature of the medium has risen or dropped after passing through the hydrogen storage alloy in the previous stage, and continues to flow through the remaining hydrogen storage alloy, which provides The heat or absorbed heat will be far from reaching the reaction rate requirement of the hydrogen storage alloy in the latter stage, thus limiting the hydrogen charging and discharging rate of the hydrogen storage alloy. If the hydrogen storage alloy continues to react regardless of the temperature rise in the hydrogen storage tank, it will exceed the withstand temperature of the hydrogen storage tank and system components, causing the system to alarm, posing a safety risk, and causing the system to fail to work normally.
  • Chinese invention patent application CN113375039A discloses a high-pressure composite metal hydride hydrogen storage tank and its hydrogen storage method.
  • the hydrogen storage tank includes a base bracket and a hydrogen storage tank shell with an opening at the bottom.
  • the hydrogen storage tank shell is sealed and buckled on the base bracket.
  • the shell of the hydrogen storage tank is provided with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet;
  • the inside of the shell of the hydrogen storage tank is provided with a hydrogen storage alloy storage space, a gaseous hydrogen storage space and a circulation heat exchange system;
  • the hydrogen storage alloy storage space is filled with a hydrogen storage alloy , the cyclic heat exchange system is used to absorb heat when the hydrogen storage alloy absorbs hydrogen and heat the hydrogen storage alloy when it desorbs hydrogen.
  • the interior of the hydrogen storage tank shell is vertically arranged with multi-layer drums from outside to inside, and hydrogen holes with filter screens are opened on the side walls of the drums; the bottom of the drums is set on the base bracket, and the gap between adjacent drums forms a hydrogen storage alloy.
  • the storage space; the gaseous hydrogen storage space includes a first gaseous hydrogen storage space and a second gaseous hydrogen storage space; the outside of the outermost drum and the interior of the hydrogen storage tank shell form a first gaseous hydrogen storage space for storing gaseous hydrogen, A second gaseous hydrogen storage void for storing gaseous hydrogen is formed inside the innermost drum.
  • the hydrogen holes with a filter screen include through holes and a filter screen arranged on the side wall of the drum, and the filter screen is arranged at the through hole; the hydrogen holes with a filter screen are provided in multiples and evenly distributed on the side wall of the drum.
  • a plurality of heat exchange fins are vertically and circumferentially spaced on the side walls between adjacent rollers, and the hydrogen storage alloy is filled in the gap formed between two adjacent heat exchange fins.
  • the circulating heat exchange system includes a water inlet pipe (with water as the medium), a top dispersing water pipe, an outlet pipe, a bottom dispersing water pipe and a plurality of vertically connected water pipes arranged parallel to the axis of the hydrogen storage tank; the water inlet pipe is connected through the top plate dispersing water pipe One end of the longitudinally connected water pipe, the water outlet pipe is connected to the other end of the longitudinally connected water pipe through the bottom dispersion pipe, and the longitudinally connected water pipe is arranged on the side wall of the drum and located at both ends of the heat exchange fins to absorb heat exchange through the longitudinally connected water pipe.
  • the energy of the heat sheet and the hydrogen storage alloy realizes heat exchange during hydrogen absorption and desorption.
  • the longitudinally connected water pipes are arranged on the side wall of the drum and located at both ends of the heat exchange fins, and the top dispersion water pipe and the bottom dispersion water pipe are located outside the hydrogen storage alloy, the heat generated by the hydrogen storage alloy will not be taken away in time.
  • the heat required by the hydrogen alloy cannot be supplied in time, so that the hydrogen charging and discharging rate of the hydrogen storage alloy is limited; in addition, the drum itself occupies a certain volume, which is not conducive to the increase of the volume hydrogen storage density.
  • the existing hydrogen storage system for rail vehicles includes hydrogen storage tanks installed on rail vehicles, ground equipment installed along the track, and on-board equipment installed on rail vehicles.
  • the ground equipment mainly includes The ground hydrogen refueling station arranged along the track is convenient for refueling the hydrogen storage tank;
  • the on-board equipment mainly includes a hydrogen stack and a water heat management mechanism.
  • the hydrogen stack is used to convert hydrogen into electrical energy through reaction, and the water heat management
  • the hydrogen reactor conducts heat dissipation and cooling to maintain the verified hydrogen reactor reaction conditions.
  • One of the technical problems to be solved by the present invention is that, aiming at the low hydrogen charging and discharging rate of the hydrogen storage alloy in the existing hydrogen storage system, the present invention provides a hydrogen storage tank capable of increasing the hydrogen charging and discharging rate of the hydrogen storage alloy; the present invention The second technical problem to be solved is to provide a hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy rail vehicle.
  • a hydrogen storage tank including a tank body and a hydrogen storage alloy filled in the tank body, a hydrogenation port and a hydrogen discharge port are arranged on the tank body, and its
  • the structural feature is that a number of capillary heat exchange tubes are evenly arranged in the hydrogen storage alloy, and one end of the several capillary heat exchange tubes communicates with each other and extends out of the tank as a medium inlet, and the other end of the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes communicates with each other and extends out of the tank.
  • the above-mentioned tank is used as a medium outlet.
  • a plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes are placed in the hydrogen storage alloy in the hydrogen storage tank, and each capillary heat exchange tube adopts the structural form of total sub-total (one end of each capillary heat exchange tube is connected to each other to form a medium inlet, and the other end is connected to each other). connected to form a medium outlet), so that the heat exchange medium flowing in through the medium inlet can flow out through the medium outlet in time after the temperature rises or falls, thereby ensuring sufficient heating and cooling of the hydrogen storage alloy, thereby improving the hydrogen storage alloy.
  • the hydrogen/dehydrogenation rate and the hydrogen absorption and desorption capacity can be improved, and the heating and cooling of the hydrogen storage alloy can be more uniform, and the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation time can be shortened.
  • the tank body is made of a resin material, so by making the tank body of the hydrogen storage tank a resin material, since the density of the aluminum alloy (2.7-2.9g/cm 3 ) is the density of the resin (about 1.1g /cm 3 , for example, the density of epoxy resin is about 2.5 times that of 1.2g/cm 3 ), and the specific strength of the hydrogen storage tank made of resin material is high, so the hydrogen storage tank of the present invention made of resin material is used Under the premise of meeting the hydrogen storage pressure (normal temperature and pressure) and temperature requirements, the weight of the hydrogen storage system can be reduced by 30%, thereby increasing the weight hydrogen storage density, while reducing the vibration and shock of the hydrogen storage system during vehicle operation.
  • the resin has the advantages of corrosion resistance, impact resistance and fatigue resistance, so it can reduce the vibration and shock of the hydrogen storage alloy caused by the vibration and shock during the operation of the vehicle, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the hydrogen storage system and prolonging its service life .
  • the hydrogenation port is equipped with a first pressure sensor
  • the hydrogen discharge port is equipped with a second pressure sensor, so as to monitor the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage tank during the hydrogenation process through the first pressure sensor, and monitor the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage tank through the second pressure sensor.
  • the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage tank during hydrogen discharge is not limited to a first pressure sensor
  • the hydrogen discharge port is equipped with a second pressure sensor, so as to monitor the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage tank during the hydrogenation process through the first pressure sensor, and monitor the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage tank through the second pressure sensor. The gas pressure in the hydrogen storage tank during hydrogen discharge.
  • the diameter of the capillary heat exchange tube is 5-10 mm
  • the wall thickness is 45-50 microns
  • the distance between adjacent capillary heat exchange tubes is 0.8-1.2 cm, so as to ensure the heat dissipation and cooling of the hydrogen storage alloy It is sufficient, and because the diameter and wall thickness of the capillary heat exchange tube are very small, it is very light, and it will not increase the weight of the hydrogen storage system under the condition of ensuring cooling and heating.
  • the resin material is one or more of epoxy resin and phenolic resin.
  • the hydrogen storage alloy is an existing common hydrogen storage alloy, such as titanium-based, zirconium-based, iron-based and rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloys and the like.
  • the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes are arranged parallel to the axis (ie, the centerline) of the tank body.
  • the inner cavity of the tank body is cylindrical.
  • one end of the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes is located at one end of the hydrogen storage alloy and communicates with each other and protrudes out of the tank as a medium inlet, and the other end of the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes is located at the end of the hydrogen storage alloy.
  • the other end of the tank is connected with each other and protrudes out of the tank as a medium outlet.
  • the lower ends of the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes communicate with each other and extend out of the tank as a medium inlet
  • the upper ends of the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes communicate with each other and extend out of the tank as a medium outlet.
  • the present invention provides an alloy hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy rail vehicle, which includes a hydrogen storage tank and on-board equipment for discharging hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank.
  • the hydrogen storage tank is the aforementioned
  • the hydrogen storage tank, the on-board equipment is arranged on the rail vehicle.
  • ground equipment for adding hydrogen to the hydrogen storage tank
  • the ground equipment is arranged along the track
  • the ground equipment includes a ground cooling liquid device
  • the cooling liquid inlet of the ground cooling liquid device is connected to the first A radiator, a ground cooling circulating pump and a ground cooling liquid outlet valve.
  • the cooling liquid outlet of the ground cooling liquid device is connected to the ground cooling liquid inlet valve through a pipeline.
  • the medium inlet of the hydrogen storage tank can be detachably connected to the The ground coolant inlet valve, the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is detachably connected to the ground coolant outlet valve, the ground hydrogen refueling station is connected to the hydrogen refueling port of the hydrogen storage tank through a hydrogenation gun, and the hydrogen storage tank The hydrogen release port is closed.
  • the cooling liquid can be input into the capillary heat exchange tube in the hydrogen storage tank, so that the cooling liquid can fully and rapidly exchange heat with the hydrogen storage alloy through the capillary heat exchange tube, and quickly take away the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction.
  • ground equipment such as the first radiator, ground cooling circulation pump, ground coolant outlet valve, and ground hydrogen refueling station can be uniformly controlled by ground operators, which helps to further speed up the hydrogen refueling process.
  • the vehicle-mounted equipment includes a vehicle-mounted coolant device and a hydrogen stack
  • the coolant inlet of the vehicle-mounted coolant device is sequentially installed with a second radiator, a vehicle-mounted coolant circulation pump, and a vehicle-mounted coolant outlet valve.
  • the coolant outlet of the liquid device is connected to the first heating plate and the coolant inlet of the hydrogen stack, and the coolant outlet of the hydrogen stack is connected to the second heating plate through the on-board coolant inlet valve.
  • the hydrogen storage When hydrogen is released, the hydrogen storage
  • the medium inlet of the tank is detachably connected to the coolant outlet of the second heating plate
  • the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is detachably connected to the on-board coolant outlet valve
  • the air inlet of the hydrogen stack is connected to the hydrogen storage tank.
  • the hydrogen discharge port of the tank is
  • the coolant that is about to enter the hydrogen stack can be heated by the first heating plate to accelerate the start-up process of the hydrogen stack, and the coolant that is about to enter the hydrogen storage tank can be further heated by the second heating plate to accelerate
  • the dehydrogenation process enough hydrogen is provided for the hydrogen stack, so that the start-up of the hydrogen stack and the dehydrogenation process can be carried out smoothly; after the operation is stable, the heat generated by the hydrogen stack can increase the temperature of the cooling liquid, which is used to promote the hydrogen desorption reaction
  • the heat can also be utilized more fully, and the coolant discharged from the hydrogen storage tank is further cooled by the second radiator, and then enters the on-board coolant device, which can be used to cool down the hydrogen stack, so that the hydrogen stack can handle suitable temperature state.
  • the ground equipment includes a ground cooling liquid outlet valve, a ground cooling circulating pump, a first radiator, and a ground cooling liquid device connected in sequence, and the cooling liquid outlet of the ground cooling liquid device is connected to the ground cooling liquid inlet through a pipeline.
  • Valve During hydrogenation, the medium inlet of the hydrogen storage tank is detachably connected to the ground coolant inlet valve, and the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is detachably connected to the ground coolant outlet valve.
  • the vehicle-mounted equipment includes a vehicle-mounted coolant outlet valve, a vehicle-mounted coolant circulation pump, a second radiator, a vehicle-mounted coolant device, a first heating plate, and a hydrogen stack connected in sequence, and the cooling of the vehicle-mounted coolant device
  • the liquid outlet is communicated with the first heating plate
  • the first heating plate is communicated with the coolant inlet of the hydrogen stack
  • the coolant outlet of the hydrogen stack is connected to the second heating plate through the vehicle-mounted coolant inlet valve
  • the vehicle-mounted coolant inlet valve when hydrogen is released, the The medium inlet of the hydrogen storage tank is detachably connected to the coolant outlet of the second heating plate, the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is detachably connected to the on-board coolant outlet valve, and the air inlet of the hydrogen stack is connected to the The hydrogen discharge port of the hydrogen storage tank.
  • an inlet temperature sensor is installed at the medium inlet of the hydrogen storage tank
  • an outlet temperature sensor is installed at the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank
  • the inlet temperature sensor is connected to the control circuit of the second heating plate
  • the outlet The temperature sensor is connected to the control circuit of the first heating plate.
  • the hydrogen storage tank is made of a resin material with a lower density than the aluminum alloy, which can not only ensure the normal temperature and low pressure reaction requirements of solid hydrogen storage, but also improve the weight storage capacity of the entire system. Hydrogen density, while reducing the vibration and shock of the hydrogen storage system during vehicle operation.
  • capillary heat exchange tube channels arranged side by side are arranged in the hydrogen storage alloy, so that the hydrogen storage alloy can fully contact with the cooling liquid during hydrogenation and dehydrogenation.
  • the cooled coolant can be input into the hydrogen storage tank.
  • the coolant can fully exchange heat with the hydrogen storage alloy through numerous capillary heat exchange tubes, and quickly take away the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction to prevent the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank from increasing. Increase the rate of hydrogenation to the greatest extent and shorten the time of hydrogenation.
  • the heated cooling liquid can be input into the hydrogen storage tank, the cooling liquid can fully exchange heat with the hydrogen storage alloy through many capillary heat exchange tubes, quickly heat the hydrogen storage alloy to dehydrogenate, accelerate the dehydrogenation rate, and meet the Flow requirements of hydrogen stacks.
  • the first heating plate and the second heating plate are set in the vehicle-mounted equipment: when the ambient temperature is low, when the machine is turned on, the first and second heating plates are turned on at the same time, which can supply hydrogen
  • the stack heat supply reduces the start-up time of the hydrogen stack at low temperature, and can also provide heat to the hydrogen storage tank to accelerate the hydrogen release reaction. As the hydrogen reactor reaction progresses, the hydrogen reactor begins to generate heat to supply the hydrogen storage tank for hydrogen discharge.
  • the heat supply mode of the first and second heating plates can be adjusted according to the temperature changes of the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor, such as using Reduced power or partially turned on mode can be used for heating, which can conveniently achieve precise heating, and also help to simplify the structure, improve heat utilization, and reduce operating costs.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a hydrogen storage tank of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of a hydrogen storage alloy inner capillary heat exchange tube of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a hydrogen storage system of the present invention.
  • the hydrogen storage tank 5 of the hydrogen energy rail vehicle of the present invention includes a tank body 51 made of resin material, a capillary heat exchange tube 52 and a hydrogen storage alloy 53, and the hydrogen storage alloy 53 is filled in the tank body 51 , a plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes 52 are evenly arranged in the hydrogen storage alloy 53 parallel to the axis of the tank body 51 .
  • the tank body 51 is provided with a hydrogenation port 54 and a hydrogen discharge port 55 .
  • the upper ends of several capillary heat exchange tubes 52 communicate with each other to form a medium outlet, and the lower ends of several capillary heat exchange tubes 52 communicate with each other to form a medium inlet, and the medium outlet and the medium inlet extend out of the tank body 51 respectively.
  • the capillary heat exchange tubes The number of 52 is multiple.
  • the inner cavity of the tank body 51 is cylindrical.
  • one end of the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes communicates with each other through the first gap or the first pipeline between the inner wall of the tank and the hydrogen storage alloy, and then protrudes out of the tank as a medium inlet, and the other end They communicate with each other through a second gap or a second pipeline arranged between the inner wall of the tank and the hydrogen storage alloy, and protrude out of the tank as a medium outlet.
  • each capillary heat exchange tube 52 is 5-10 mm, the wall thickness is 45-50 microns, and the distance between adjacent capillary heat exchange tubes 52 is about 0.8-1.2 cm to ensure the heat dissipation of the hydrogen storage alloy 53 1.
  • the cooling is sufficient.
  • the diameter of each capillary heat exchange tube 52 is 8 mm, the wall thickness is 48 microns, and the distance between adjacent capillary heat exchange tubes 52 is about 1 cm.
  • each capillary heat exchange tube 52 is passed into cooling water (i.e. medium) respectively at the same time; Accelerate hydrogenation/dehydrogenation rate, increase hydrogen absorption/desorption capacity, and shorten hydrogen charging time.
  • the more capillary heat exchange tubes 52 arranged in the hydrogen storage alloy 53 the faster and more uniform the heating/cooling speed of the hydrogen storage alloy 53 by the water flow.
  • the hydrogen energy rail vehicle alloy hydrogen storage system of the present invention includes a hydrogen storage tank 5, ground equipment for adding hydrogen to the hydrogen storage tank 5, and on-board equipment for dehydrogenating the hydrogen storage tank 5, and the ground equipment is in The track is arranged along the line, and the on-board equipment is arranged on the rail vehicle.
  • the ground equipment mainly consists of the first pressure sensor 2, the ground coolant device 3, the ground coolant inlet valve 4, the hydrogen storage tank 5, the ground coolant outlet valve 6, the ground cooling circulation pump 7, the first radiator 8, and the inlet temperature sensor 9.
  • the outlet temperature sensor 10 is composed of the first pressure sensor 2 installed at the hydrogenation port 54 of the hydrogen storage tank 5 to detect the gas pressure in the inner cavity of the tank body 51; from the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 5 to the medium inlet in sequence Install the outlet temperature sensor 10, the ground cooling liquid outlet valve 6, the ground cooling circulation pump 7, the first radiator 8, the ground cooling liquid device 3, the ground cooling liquid inlet valve 4 and the inlet temperature sensor 9.
  • the vehicle-mounted equipment is mainly composed of a vehicle-mounted coolant device 11, a first heating plate 12, a hydrogen stack 13, a vehicle-mounted coolant inlet valve 14, a second heating plate 15, a vehicle-mounted coolant outlet valve 16, a vehicle-mounted coolant circulating pump 17, and a second heat sink. device 18 and the second pressure sensor 1.
  • the second pressure sensor 1 is installed at the hydrogen discharge port 55 of the hydrogen storage tank 5 for detecting the gas pressure in the inner cavity of the tank body 51 . From the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 5 to the medium inlet, the vehicle-mounted coolant outlet valve 16, the vehicle-mounted coolant circulation pump 17, the second radiator 18, the vehicle-mounted coolant device 11, the first heating plate 12, the hydrogen Stack 13, on-board coolant inlet valve 14, second heating plate 15.
  • This hydrogenation process is to connect the hydrogenation port 54 of the hydrogen storage tank 5 from the ground hydrogenation station through a hydrogenation gun to carry out hydrogenation.
  • the hydrogenation process is an exothermic reaction.
  • the quick interface of the hydrogenation gun is connected to the hydrogenation port 54 of the hydrogenation tank 5, the first pressure sensor 2 at the hydrogenation port 54 shows the pressure value change in the hydrogenation tank 5, and the ground coolant inlet valve 4 and the ground cooling
  • the liquid outlet valve 6 is opened immediately, the cooling liquid in the ground cooling liquid device 3 flows quickly through the capillary heat exchange tube 52 in the hydrogen storage tank 5 and is heated, and the medium outlet of the capillary heat exchange tube 52 of the hydrogen storage tank 5 flows out to heat and cool
  • the liquid is lowered in temperature after passing through the ground cooling circulation pump 7 and the first radiator 8, and returns to the ground cooling liquid device 3, and circulates like this; during this process, the inlet temperature sensor 9 and the outlet temperature sensor 10 monitor the hydrogen storage tank 5 The water temperature of the medium inlet and the water inlet of the capillary heat
  • the hydrogen discharge process is a process in which the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 5 is discharged through the hydrogen discharge port 55 and connected to the hydrogen stack 13 for power generation.
  • the hydrogen release process is an endothermic reaction.
  • the hydrogen stack 13 sends a hydrogen discharge start command to the hydrogen storage system, and the hydrogen discharge starts, the second pressure sensor 1 monitors the pressure change in the hydrogen storage tank 5, and the vehicle-mounted coolant inlet valve 14 and the vehicle-mounted coolant outlet valve 16 are quickly opened, and the vehicle-mounted The coolant in the coolant device 11 enters the hydrogen stack 13 after being heated by the first heating plate 12, and the hydrogen stack 13 is heated to accelerate the start-up of the hydrogen stack 13.
  • the coolant flowing out from the coolant outlet of the hydrogen stack 13 passes through the vehicle coolant inlet.
  • the valve 14 and the second heating plate 15 flow into the capillary heat exchange tubes 52 in the hydrogen storage tank 5, and the heated coolant flows through a number of capillary heat exchange tubes 52 in the hydrogen storage tank 5, which promotes the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage alloy 53. release, thus speeding up the hydrogen desorption rate, and meeting the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen stack 13 to the greatest extent.
  • the coolant that flows out from the hydrogen storage tank 5 returns to the vehicle-mounted coolant device 11 through the vehicle-mounted cooling circulation pump 17 and the second radiator 18, and so circulates; at the same time, the inlet temperature sensor 9 and the outlet temperature sensor 10 begin to discharge hydrogen.
  • the first heating plate 12 and the second heating plate 15 can be turned on to work at the same time due to the lack of heat required for hydrogen release.
  • the hydrogen stack 13 Power generation and heat generation, the power of the first heating plate 12 and the second heating plate 15 can be adjusted according to the temperature changes monitored by the inlet temperature sensor 9 and the outlet temperature sensor 10, and the power reduction operation or partial opening mode can be selected according to the heat dissipation demand to ensure Hydrogen release to the maximum extent.
  • Heat dissipation and cooling process Whether it is a hydrogenation process or a hydrogenation process, the coolant is fully in contact with the hydrogen storage alloy 53 through a number of small capillary heat exchange tubes 52 built in the hydrogen storage tank 5, and the inlet temperature sensor 9 and the outlet temperature sensor 10 quickly In response, the first heating plate 12 and the second heating plate 15 adjust the power in time to speed up the hydrogen absorption/desorption rate, thereby increasing the hydrogen absorption/desorption capacity and shortening the hydrogen charging time.

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Abstract

A hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy railway vehicle. The hydrogen storage tank comprises a tank body made of a resin material and a hydrogen storage alloy filled in the tank body, wherein a hydrogen charging port and a hydrogen discharging port are provided on the tank body, several capillary heat exchange tubes are uniformly arranged in the hydrogen storage alloy and arranged parallel to an axis of the tank body, ends of the several capillary heat exchange tubes are in communication with each other and then extend from the tank body to serve as a medium inlet, and the other ends of the capillary heat exchange tubes are in communication with each other and then extend from the tank body to serve as a medium outlet. In the hydrogen storage system, a first heater plate is provided at a coolant inlet of a hydrogen stack, and a second heater plate is provided at the medium inlet of the hydrogen storage tank. According to the present invention, the weight of the hydrogen storage system is reduced, the hydrogen storage density by weight of the system is increased, the hydrogen charging/discharging rate is improved, the amount of sucked/discharged hydrogen is increased, and the hydrogen charging time is reduced.

Description

一种储氢罐及氢能轨道车辆用储氢系统A hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy rail vehicle 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种储氢罐及氢能轨道车辆用储氢系统，特别是一种氢能轨道车辆用固态储氢罐及储氢系统。The invention relates to a hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy rail vehicle, in particular to a solid hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy rail vehicle.
背景技术Background technique
目前，轨道交通车辆车载储氢方式多为高压储氢。相比高压储氢，固态储氢降低了加氢压力和存储压力，使氢气的车载存储和加氢过程更安全，同时，固态储氢方式具有高体积比能量密度优势，是未来车载储供氢的重要方式之一。将固态储氢应用于氢能轨道交通车辆，可提高车辆的储氢量，增加续航里程，提升氢能使用安全性。At present, the on-board hydrogen storage methods of rail transit vehicles are mostly high-pressure hydrogen storage. Compared with high-pressure hydrogen storage, solid-state hydrogen storage reduces hydrogenation pressure and storage pressure, making the on-board storage and hydrogenation process of hydrogen safer. one of the important ways. Applying solid-state hydrogen storage to hydrogen energy rail transit vehicles can increase the hydrogen storage capacity of the vehicle, increase the cruising range, and improve the safety of hydrogen energy use.
固态储氢的体积能量密度高，但重量能量密度只有高压储氢的三分之一。目前，常用的固态储氢罐材料为铝合金，由于铝合金密度为2.7-2.9g/cm 3，这使得现有固态储氢罐重量与其内部容置的储氢合金的重量比约为1:1，如此大的重量，使得固态储氢的重量储氢密度低。 The volumetric energy density of solid-state hydrogen storage is high, but the gravimetric energy density is only one-third of that of high-pressure hydrogen storage. At present, the commonly used solid hydrogen storage tank material is aluminum alloy. Since the density of aluminum alloy is 2.7-2.9g/cm 3 , this makes the weight ratio of the existing solid hydrogen storage tank to the hydrogen storage alloy contained inside it about 1: 1. Such a large weight makes the weight hydrogen storage density of solid-state hydrogen storage low.
另外，尽管储氢合金本身的体积储氢密度很高，但组成储氢系统后其体积储氢密度只有储氢合金的体积储氢密度的1/3-1/2，重量储氢密度也只有储氢合金的1/3-1/5，甚至更低。这中间的损失，是因为组成储氢系统后的加热和冷却都是通过在储氢罐内部设置换热管道实现，这些换热管道首尾相接而形成S状的一个流道，这使得换热管道中的介质需要以S型的曲线流经整个储氢罐内的储氢合金，但介质在流经前段储氢合金后温度已经上升或下降，继续流过剩余的储氢合金，其提供的热量或吸收的热量将远远无法达到后段储氢合金的反应速率需要，因而限制了储氢合金的充放氢速率。如果不顾储氢罐内温度的升高而继续让储氢合金反应，会超过储氢罐和系统部件的承受温度，使得系统报警，存在安全风险，从而导致系统无法正常工作。In addition, although the volume hydrogen storage density of the hydrogen storage alloy itself is very high, the volume hydrogen storage density of the hydrogen storage system is only 1/3-1/2 of the volume hydrogen storage density of the hydrogen storage alloy, and the weight hydrogen storage density is only 1/3-1/5 of the hydrogen storage alloy, or even lower. The loss in the middle is because the heating and cooling after the hydrogen storage system is formed is realized by setting heat exchange pipes inside the hydrogen storage tank, and these heat exchange pipes are connected end to end to form an S-shaped flow channel, which makes the heat exchange The medium in the pipeline needs to flow through the hydrogen storage alloy in the entire hydrogen storage tank in an S-shaped curve, but the temperature of the medium has risen or dropped after passing through the hydrogen storage alloy in the previous stage, and continues to flow through the remaining hydrogen storage alloy, which provides The heat or absorbed heat will be far from reaching the reaction rate requirement of the hydrogen storage alloy in the latter stage, thus limiting the hydrogen charging and discharging rate of the hydrogen storage alloy. If the hydrogen storage alloy continues to react regardless of the temperature rise in the hydrogen storage tank, it will exceed the withstand temperature of the hydrogen storage tank and system components, causing the system to alarm, posing a safety risk, and causing the system to fail to work normally.
中国发明专利申请CN113375039A公开了一种高压复合金属氢化物储氢罐及其储存氢气的方法，该储氢罐包括底座支架和底部开口的储氢罐外壳，储氢罐外壳密封扣装在底座支架上；储氢罐外壳上设有氢气入口和氢气出口；储氢罐外壳的内部设置储氢合金存储空间、气态氢气储存空隙和循环换热系统；储氢合金存储空间内填装有储氢合金，循环换热系统用于在储氢合金吸氢时吸收热量并在储氢合金放氢时对储氢合金进行加热。储氢罐外壳的内部由外向内依次竖向设置有多层滚筒，滚筒侧壁上开设有带滤网氢气孔；滚筒的底部设置在底座支架上，相邻滚筒之间的间隙形成储氢合金存储空间；气态氢气储存空隙包括第一气态氢气储存空隙和第二气态氢气储存空隙；位于最外层的滚筒外部与储氢罐外壳的内部形成用于存储气态氢气的第一气态氢气储存空隙，位于最内层的滚筒内部形成用于存储气态氢气的第二 气态氢气储存空隙。带滤网氢气孔包括设置在滚筒侧壁的通孔和滤网，滤网设置在通孔处；所述的带滤网氢气孔设置多个且均匀分布在滚筒侧壁上。相邻滚筒之间的侧壁上竖直周向间隔设置有多个换热片，储氢合金填装在相邻两换热片之间形成的空隙内储氢罐的内部设置有循环换热系统，循环换热系统包括进水管(以水为介质)、顶部分散水管、出水管、底部分散水管和多根平行于储氢罐轴线设置的纵向连接水管；进水管经所述顶板分散水管连接所述纵向连接水管的一端，出水管经所述底部分散水管连接所述纵向连接水管的另一端，纵向连接水管设置在滚筒侧面壁且位于换热片的两端，以通过纵向连接水管吸收换热片及储氢合金的能量实现吸、放氢时的换热。显然，由于纵向连接水管是设置在滚筒侧面壁并位于换热片的两端，且顶部分散水管、底部分散水管位于储氢合金外部，将会使得储氢合金产生的热量无法及时带走，储氢合金需要的热量也无法及时得到供给，从而使得储氢合金的充放氢速率受到了限制；另外，滚筒本身要占据一定体积，不利于体积储氢密度的提升。Chinese invention patent application CN113375039A discloses a high-pressure composite metal hydride hydrogen storage tank and its hydrogen storage method. The hydrogen storage tank includes a base bracket and a hydrogen storage tank shell with an opening at the bottom. The hydrogen storage tank shell is sealed and buckled on the base bracket. Above; the shell of the hydrogen storage tank is provided with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet; the inside of the shell of the hydrogen storage tank is provided with a hydrogen storage alloy storage space, a gaseous hydrogen storage space and a circulation heat exchange system; the hydrogen storage alloy storage space is filled with a hydrogen storage alloy , the cyclic heat exchange system is used to absorb heat when the hydrogen storage alloy absorbs hydrogen and heat the hydrogen storage alloy when it desorbs hydrogen. The interior of the hydrogen storage tank shell is vertically arranged with multi-layer drums from outside to inside, and hydrogen holes with filter screens are opened on the side walls of the drums; the bottom of the drums is set on the base bracket, and the gap between adjacent drums forms a hydrogen storage alloy. The storage space; the gaseous hydrogen storage space includes a first gaseous hydrogen storage space and a second gaseous hydrogen storage space; the outside of the outermost drum and the interior of the hydrogen storage tank shell form a first gaseous hydrogen storage space for storing gaseous hydrogen, A second gaseous hydrogen storage void for storing gaseous hydrogen is formed inside the innermost drum. The hydrogen holes with a filter screen include through holes and a filter screen arranged on the side wall of the drum, and the filter screen is arranged at the through hole; the hydrogen holes with a filter screen are provided in multiples and evenly distributed on the side wall of the drum. A plurality of heat exchange fins are vertically and circumferentially spaced on the side walls between adjacent rollers, and the hydrogen storage alloy is filled in the gap formed between two adjacent heat exchange fins. system, the circulating heat exchange system includes a water inlet pipe (with water as the medium), a top dispersing water pipe, an outlet pipe, a bottom dispersing water pipe and a plurality of vertically connected water pipes arranged parallel to the axis of the hydrogen storage tank; the water inlet pipe is connected through the top plate dispersing water pipe One end of the longitudinally connected water pipe, the water outlet pipe is connected to the other end of the longitudinally connected water pipe through the bottom dispersion pipe, and the longitudinally connected water pipe is arranged on the side wall of the drum and located at both ends of the heat exchange fins to absorb heat exchange through the longitudinally connected water pipe. The energy of the heat sheet and the hydrogen storage alloy realizes heat exchange during hydrogen absorption and desorption. Obviously, since the longitudinally connected water pipes are arranged on the side wall of the drum and located at both ends of the heat exchange fins, and the top dispersion water pipe and the bottom dispersion water pipe are located outside the hydrogen storage alloy, the heat generated by the hydrogen storage alloy will not be taken away in time. The heat required by the hydrogen alloy cannot be supplied in time, so that the hydrogen charging and discharging rate of the hydrogen storage alloy is limited; in addition, the drum itself occupies a certain volume, which is not conducive to the increase of the volume hydrogen storage density.
一般地，现有氢能轨道车辆用储氢系统包括设置于轨道车辆上的储氢罐外，还包括设置于轨道沿线的地面设备和设置于轨道车辆上的车载设备，其中地面设备主要包括沿轨道沿线布置的地面加氢站，以方便对储氢罐进行加氢；车载设备主要包括氢堆和水热管理机构，氢堆用于将氢气通过反应转化为电能，水热管理机构可用于对氢堆进行散热、降温，维持核实的氢堆反应条件。Generally, the existing hydrogen storage system for rail vehicles includes hydrogen storage tanks installed on rail vehicles, ground equipment installed along the track, and on-board equipment installed on rail vehicles. The ground equipment mainly includes The ground hydrogen refueling station arranged along the track is convenient for refueling the hydrogen storage tank; the on-board equipment mainly includes a hydrogen stack and a water heat management mechanism. The hydrogen stack is used to convert hydrogen into electrical energy through reaction, and the water heat management The hydrogen reactor conducts heat dissipation and cooling to maintain the verified hydrogen reactor reaction conditions.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题之一是，针对现有储氢系统储氢合金充放氢速率低的不足，本发明提供一种能提高储氢合金的充放氢速率的储氢罐；本发明所要解决的技术问题之二是提供一种氢能轨道车辆用储氢系统。One of the technical problems to be solved by the present invention is that, aiming at the low hydrogen charging and discharging rate of the hydrogen storage alloy in the existing hydrogen storage system, the present invention provides a hydrogen storage tank capable of increasing the hydrogen charging and discharging rate of the hydrogen storage alloy; the present invention The second technical problem to be solved is to provide a hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy rail vehicle.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用了如下技术方案：一种储氢罐，包括罐体和填充在所述罐体内的储氢合金，所述罐体上设置加氢口和放氢口，其结构特点在于，所述储氢合金内均匀布置若干根毛细换热管，所述若干根毛细换热管的一端相互连通后伸出所述罐体作为介质入口，另一端相互连通后伸出所述罐体作为介质出口。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a hydrogen storage tank, including a tank body and a hydrogen storage alloy filled in the tank body, a hydrogenation port and a hydrogen discharge port are arranged on the tank body, and its The structural feature is that a number of capillary heat exchange tubes are evenly arranged in the hydrogen storage alloy, and one end of the several capillary heat exchange tubes communicates with each other and extends out of the tank as a medium inlet, and the other end of the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes communicates with each other and extends out of the tank. The above-mentioned tank is used as a medium outlet.
本发明在储氢罐内的储氢合金内放置若干根毛细换热管，且各毛细换热管采用总分总的结构形式(各毛细换热管的一端相互连通形成介质入口，另一端相互连通形成介质出口)，这样使得经介质入口流入的换热介质能在温度上升或下降了之后及时经介质出口流出，从而能够保证储氢合金充分的加热和冷却，进而提高了储氢合金的加氢/放氢速率和吸放氢量，而且使储氢合金的加热和冷却更加均匀，缩短加氢/放氢时间。In the present invention, a plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes are placed in the hydrogen storage alloy in the hydrogen storage tank, and each capillary heat exchange tube adopts the structural form of total sub-total (one end of each capillary heat exchange tube is connected to each other to form a medium inlet, and the other end is connected to each other). connected to form a medium outlet), so that the heat exchange medium flowing in through the medium inlet can flow out through the medium outlet in time after the temperature rises or falls, thereby ensuring sufficient heating and cooling of the hydrogen storage alloy, thereby improving the hydrogen storage alloy. The hydrogen/dehydrogenation rate and the hydrogen absorption and desorption capacity can be improved, and the heating and cooling of the hydrogen storage alloy can be more uniform, and the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation time can be shortened.
优选地，所述罐体采用树脂材料制成，如此，通过将储氢罐的罐体采用树脂材料制成，由于铝合金密度(2.7-2.9g/cm 3)是树脂密度(约为1.1g/cm 3，例如，环氧树脂的密度约为 1.2g/cm 3)的2.5倍左右，且树脂材料制成的储氢罐的比强度高，故使用树脂材料制成的本发明储氢罐在满足储氢压力(常温常压)和温度要求的前提下，可以将储氢系统重量减少30％，从而提高重量储氢密度，同时减轻车辆运行过程中储氢系统的振动和冲击。 Preferably, the tank body is made of a resin material, so by making the tank body of the hydrogen storage tank a resin material, since the density of the aluminum alloy (2.7-2.9g/cm 3 ) is the density of the resin (about 1.1g /cm 3 , for example, the density of epoxy resin is about 2.5 times that of 1.2g/cm 3 ), and the specific strength of the hydrogen storage tank made of resin material is high, so the hydrogen storage tank of the present invention made of resin material is used Under the premise of meeting the hydrogen storage pressure (normal temperature and pressure) and temperature requirements, the weight of the hydrogen storage system can be reduced by 30%, thereby increasing the weight hydrogen storage density, while reducing the vibration and shock of the hydrogen storage system during vehicle operation.
此外，树脂具有耐腐蚀、耐冲击、抗疲劳性能好等优点，因而可以减少车辆运行过程中振动和冲击导致的储氢合金振动和冲击，从而提高了储氢系统安全可靠性，延长其使用寿命。In addition, the resin has the advantages of corrosion resistance, impact resistance and fatigue resistance, so it can reduce the vibration and shock of the hydrogen storage alloy caused by the vibration and shock during the operation of the vehicle, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the hydrogen storage system and prolonging its service life .
优选地，所述加氢口安装第一压力传感器，所述放氢口安装第二压力传感器，以通过第一压力传感器监测加氢过程中储氢罐内的气体压力，通过第二压力传感器监测放氢过程中储氢罐内的气体压力。Preferably, the hydrogenation port is equipped with a first pressure sensor, and the hydrogen discharge port is equipped with a second pressure sensor, so as to monitor the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage tank during the hydrogenation process through the first pressure sensor, and monitor the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage tank through the second pressure sensor. The gas pressure in the hydrogen storage tank during hydrogen discharge.
优选地，所述毛细换热管的管径为5-10mm，壁厚为45-50微米，且相邻所述毛细换热管的距离为0.8-1.2厘米，以保证储氢合金的散热冷却足够充分，另外由于毛细换热管的管径和壁厚很小，所以很轻，在保证冷却和加热的情况下，不会增加储氢系统重量。Preferably, the diameter of the capillary heat exchange tube is 5-10 mm, the wall thickness is 45-50 microns, and the distance between adjacent capillary heat exchange tubes is 0.8-1.2 cm, so as to ensure the heat dissipation and cooling of the hydrogen storage alloy It is sufficient, and because the diameter and wall thickness of the capillary heat exchange tube are very small, it is very light, and it will not increase the weight of the hydrogen storage system under the condition of ensuring cooling and heating.
可选地，所述树脂材料为环氧树脂、酚醛树脂中的一种或几种。Optionally, the resin material is one or more of epoxy resin and phenolic resin.
可选地，所述储氢合金为现有常见储氢合金，如钛系、锆系、铁系及稀土系储氢合金等等。Optionally, the hydrogen storage alloy is an existing common hydrogen storage alloy, such as titanium-based, zirconium-based, iron-based and rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloys and the like.
优选地，所述若干根毛细换热管平行于所述罐体的轴线(即中心线)设置。Preferably, the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes are arranged parallel to the axis (ie, the centerline) of the tank body.
可选地，所述罐体的内腔呈圆柱状。Optionally, the inner cavity of the tank body is cylindrical.
可选地，所述若干根毛细换热管的一端位于储氢合金的一端部并相互连通后伸出所述罐体作为介质入口，所述若干根毛细换热管的另一端位于储氢合金的另一端部并相互连通后伸出所述罐体作为介质出口。如此，可进一步增大介质与储氢合金之间的换热面积，更及时地带走热量或供给热量，从而进一步提升储氢合金的充放氢速率。Optionally, one end of the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes is located at one end of the hydrogen storage alloy and communicates with each other and protrudes out of the tank as a medium inlet, and the other end of the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes is located at the end of the hydrogen storage alloy. The other end of the tank is connected with each other and protrudes out of the tank as a medium outlet. In this way, the heat exchange area between the medium and the hydrogen storage alloy can be further increased, and heat can be taken away or supplied in a timely manner, thereby further increasing the hydrogen charging and discharging rate of the hydrogen storage alloy.
可选地，所述若干根毛细换热管的下端相互连通后伸出所述罐体作为介质入口，所述若干根毛细换热管的上端相互连通后伸出所述罐体作为介质出口。如此，有助于促使介质持续流向各根毛细换热管，并持续流向介质出口，充分发挥各根毛细换热管的作用，使得储氢合金各处均匀受热或冷却，有助于进一步提升储氢合金的充放氢速率。Optionally, the lower ends of the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes communicate with each other and extend out of the tank as a medium inlet, and the upper ends of the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes communicate with each other and extend out of the tank as a medium outlet. In this way, it is helpful to promote the medium to continuously flow to each capillary heat exchange tube, and continue to flow to the medium outlet, and give full play to the role of each capillary heat exchange tube, so that the hydrogen storage alloy is evenly heated or cooled, which helps to further improve the storage capacity. Hydrogen charging and discharging rate of hydrogen alloy.
基于同一发明构思，本发明提供一种氢能轨道车辆用合金储氢系统，其包括储氢罐和为所述储氢罐放氢的车载设备，其结构特点在于：所述储氢罐为前述的储氢罐，所述车载设备布置在轨道车辆上。Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention provides an alloy hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy rail vehicle, which includes a hydrogen storage tank and on-board equipment for discharging hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank. Its structural feature is that the hydrogen storage tank is the aforementioned The hydrogen storage tank, the on-board equipment is arranged on the rail vehicle.
可选地，还包括为所述储氢罐加氢的地面设备，所述地面设备在轨道沿线布置，所述地面设备包括地面冷却液装置，所述地面冷却液装置的冷却液入口依次连接第一散热器、地面冷却循环泵及地面冷却液出口阀门，所述地面冷却液装置的冷却液出口经管道连接地面冷却液入口阀门，加氢时，所述储氢罐的介质入口可拆卸连接所述地面冷却液入口阀门，所述储 氢罐的介质出口可拆卸连接所述地面冷却液出口阀门，地面加氢站通过加氢枪连接所述储氢罐的加氢口，所述储氢罐的放氢口关闭。如此，加氢时，可将冷却液输入储氢罐内的毛细换热管内，使得冷却液通过毛细换热管与储氢合金充分、迅速换热，快速将吸氢反应产生的热量带走，防止储氢罐内温度升高，进而最大程度的加快加氢速率，缩短加氢的时间。而且，第一散热器、地面冷却循环泵及地面冷却液出口阀门等地面设备和地面加氢站可由地面操作人员统一操控，有助于进一步加快加氢过程。Optionally, it also includes ground equipment for adding hydrogen to the hydrogen storage tank, the ground equipment is arranged along the track, the ground equipment includes a ground cooling liquid device, and the cooling liquid inlet of the ground cooling liquid device is connected to the first A radiator, a ground cooling circulating pump and a ground cooling liquid outlet valve. The cooling liquid outlet of the ground cooling liquid device is connected to the ground cooling liquid inlet valve through a pipeline. When adding hydrogen, the medium inlet of the hydrogen storage tank can be detachably connected to the The ground coolant inlet valve, the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is detachably connected to the ground coolant outlet valve, the ground hydrogen refueling station is connected to the hydrogen refueling port of the hydrogen storage tank through a hydrogenation gun, and the hydrogen storage tank The hydrogen release port is closed. In this way, during hydrogenation, the cooling liquid can be input into the capillary heat exchange tube in the hydrogen storage tank, so that the cooling liquid can fully and rapidly exchange heat with the hydrogen storage alloy through the capillary heat exchange tube, and quickly take away the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction. Prevent the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank from rising, thereby accelerating the hydrogenation rate to the greatest extent and shortening the hydrogenation time. Moreover, ground equipment such as the first radiator, ground cooling circulation pump, ground coolant outlet valve, and ground hydrogen refueling station can be uniformly controlled by ground operators, which helps to further speed up the hydrogen refueling process.
可选地，所述车载设备包括车载冷却液装置和氢堆，所述车载冷却液装置的冷却液入口依次安装第二散热器、车载冷却液循环泵、车载冷却液出口阀门，所述车载冷却液装置的冷却液出口连接第一加热板连接和所述氢堆的冷却液入口，所述氢堆的冷却液出口经车载冷却液入口阀门连接第二加热板，放氢时，所述储氢罐的介质入口可拆卸连接所述第二加热板的冷却液出口，所述储氢罐的介质出口可拆卸连接所述车载冷却液出口阀门，所述氢堆的进气口连接所述储氢罐的放氢口。如此，在刚开机时，可通过第一加热板对即将进入氢堆的冷却液进行加热，加速氢堆的启动过程，通过第二加热板对即将进入储氢罐的冷却液进行进一步加热，加速放氢过程，以为氢堆提供足够的氢气，使得氢堆的启动和放氢过程均顺利进行；待运行平稳后，氢堆产生的热量可使得冷却液的温度升高，用于促进放氢反应的进行，也可使得热量得到更充分的利用，而由储氢罐排出的冷却液经第二散热器进一步降温后，进入车载冷却液装置，随后可用于对氢堆进行降温，使得氢堆处理合适的温度状态。可见，通过本发明的上述车载设备，既可实现冷却液的降温、升温，又可实现氢堆的快速启动与温度维持以及储氢合金的顺利放氢，有助于精简结构，提升设备的结构紧凑度，并提升热量利用率，降低运行成本。Optionally, the vehicle-mounted equipment includes a vehicle-mounted coolant device and a hydrogen stack, and the coolant inlet of the vehicle-mounted coolant device is sequentially installed with a second radiator, a vehicle-mounted coolant circulation pump, and a vehicle-mounted coolant outlet valve. The coolant outlet of the liquid device is connected to the first heating plate and the coolant inlet of the hydrogen stack, and the coolant outlet of the hydrogen stack is connected to the second heating plate through the on-board coolant inlet valve. When hydrogen is released, the hydrogen storage The medium inlet of the tank is detachably connected to the coolant outlet of the second heating plate, the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is detachably connected to the on-board coolant outlet valve, and the air inlet of the hydrogen stack is connected to the hydrogen storage tank. The hydrogen discharge port of the tank. In this way, when starting up, the coolant that is about to enter the hydrogen stack can be heated by the first heating plate to accelerate the start-up process of the hydrogen stack, and the coolant that is about to enter the hydrogen storage tank can be further heated by the second heating plate to accelerate During the dehydrogenation process, enough hydrogen is provided for the hydrogen stack, so that the start-up of the hydrogen stack and the dehydrogenation process can be carried out smoothly; after the operation is stable, the heat generated by the hydrogen stack can increase the temperature of the cooling liquid, which is used to promote the hydrogen desorption reaction The heat can also be utilized more fully, and the coolant discharged from the hydrogen storage tank is further cooled by the second radiator, and then enters the on-board coolant device, which can be used to cool down the hydrogen stack, so that the hydrogen stack can handle suitable temperature state. It can be seen that through the above-mentioned vehicle-mounted equipment of the present invention, it is possible to realize the cooling and heating of the cooling liquid, and also realize the rapid start-up and temperature maintenance of the hydrogen stack and the smooth hydrogen desorption of the hydrogen storage alloy, which helps to simplify the structure and improve the structure of the equipment. Compactness, and improve heat utilization, reduce operating costs.
可选地，所述地面设备包括依次连通的地面冷却液出口阀门、地面冷却循环泵、第一散热器和地面冷却液装置，所述地面冷却液装置的冷却液出口经管道连接地面冷却液入口阀门；加氢时，所述储氢罐的介质入口可拆卸连接所述地面冷却液入口阀门，所述储氢罐的介质出口可拆卸连接所述地面冷却液出口阀门。Optionally, the ground equipment includes a ground cooling liquid outlet valve, a ground cooling circulating pump, a first radiator, and a ground cooling liquid device connected in sequence, and the cooling liquid outlet of the ground cooling liquid device is connected to the ground cooling liquid inlet through a pipeline. Valve: During hydrogenation, the medium inlet of the hydrogen storage tank is detachably connected to the ground coolant inlet valve, and the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is detachably connected to the ground coolant outlet valve.
可选地，所述车载设备包括依次连通的车载冷却液出口阀门、车载冷却液循环泵、第二散热器、车载冷却液装置和第一加热板、氢堆，所述车载冷却液装置的冷却液出口与第一加热板连通，第一加热板和所述氢堆的冷却液入口连通，所述氢堆的冷却液出口经车载冷却液入口阀门连接第二加热板；放氢时，所述储氢罐的介质入口可拆卸连接所述第二加热板的冷却液出口，所述储氢罐的介质出口可拆卸连接所述车载冷却液出口阀门，所述氢堆的进气口连接所述储氢罐的放氢口。Optionally, the vehicle-mounted equipment includes a vehicle-mounted coolant outlet valve, a vehicle-mounted coolant circulation pump, a second radiator, a vehicle-mounted coolant device, a first heating plate, and a hydrogen stack connected in sequence, and the cooling of the vehicle-mounted coolant device The liquid outlet is communicated with the first heating plate, and the first heating plate is communicated with the coolant inlet of the hydrogen stack, and the coolant outlet of the hydrogen stack is connected to the second heating plate through the vehicle-mounted coolant inlet valve; when hydrogen is released, the The medium inlet of the hydrogen storage tank is detachably connected to the coolant outlet of the second heating plate, the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is detachably connected to the on-board coolant outlet valve, and the air inlet of the hydrogen stack is connected to the The hydrogen discharge port of the hydrogen storage tank.
可选地，所述储氢罐的介质入口安装入口温度传感器，储氢罐的介质出口安装出口温度 传感器，且所述入口温度传感器接入所述第二加热板的控制回路中，所述出口温度传感器接入所述第一加热板的控制回路中。Optionally, an inlet temperature sensor is installed at the medium inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, an outlet temperature sensor is installed at the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank, and the inlet temperature sensor is connected to the control circuit of the second heating plate, and the outlet The temperature sensor is connected to the control circuit of the first heating plate.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1)、本发明的一些实施例中，储氢罐采用相对铝合金密度较小的树脂材料制成罐体，既能保证固态储氢常温低压反应的需求，又能提高整个系统的重量储氢密度，同时可以减少车辆运行过程中储氢系统的振动和冲击。(1) In some embodiments of the present invention, the hydrogen storage tank is made of a resin material with a lower density than the aluminum alloy, which can not only ensure the normal temperature and low pressure reaction requirements of solid hydrogen storage, but also improve the weight storage capacity of the entire system. Hydrogen density, while reducing the vibration and shock of the hydrogen storage system during vehicle operation.
(2)、本发明的一些实施例中，在储氢合金内布置若干并列设置的毛细换热管通道，能够使得加氢和放氢过程中储氢合金充分与冷却液接触。当加氢时，可将冷却后的冷却液输入储氢罐，冷却液通过众多毛细换热管与储氢合金充分换热，快速将吸氢反应产生的热量带走，防止储氢罐内温度升高，最大程度的加快加氢速率，缩短加氢的时间。当放氢时，可将升温后的冷却液输入储氢罐，冷却液通过众多毛细换热管与储氢合金充分换热，快速将储氢合金加热使之脱氢，加快脱氢速率，满足氢堆对流量的需求。(2) In some embodiments of the present invention, several capillary heat exchange tube channels arranged side by side are arranged in the hydrogen storage alloy, so that the hydrogen storage alloy can fully contact with the cooling liquid during hydrogenation and dehydrogenation. When adding hydrogen, the cooled coolant can be input into the hydrogen storage tank. The coolant can fully exchange heat with the hydrogen storage alloy through numerous capillary heat exchange tubes, and quickly take away the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction to prevent the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank from increasing. Increase the rate of hydrogenation to the greatest extent and shorten the time of hydrogenation. When dehydrogenation, the heated cooling liquid can be input into the hydrogen storage tank, the cooling liquid can fully exchange heat with the hydrogen storage alloy through many capillary heat exchange tubes, quickly heat the hydrogen storage alloy to dehydrogenate, accelerate the dehydrogenation rate, and meet the Flow requirements of hydrogen stacks.
(3)、本发明的一些实施例中，在车载设备内设置第一加热板和第二加热板：当环境温度较低，刚开机时，同时开启第一、二加热板，既可以给氢堆供热，减少了低温下氢堆启动时间，又可给储氢罐提供热量，加速放氢反应。随着氢堆反应的进行，氢堆开始产生热量供给储氢罐放氢所需，此时可以根据入口温度传感器及出口温度传感器的温度变化调整第一、二加热板的热量供给模式，比如采用降功率或者部分开启的模式进行供热即可，可方便地实现精准供热，也有助于精简结构，提升热量利用率，降低运行成本。(3), in some embodiments of the present invention, the first heating plate and the second heating plate are set in the vehicle-mounted equipment: when the ambient temperature is low, when the machine is turned on, the first and second heating plates are turned on at the same time, which can supply hydrogen The stack heat supply reduces the start-up time of the hydrogen stack at low temperature, and can also provide heat to the hydrogen storage tank to accelerate the hydrogen release reaction. As the hydrogen reactor reaction progresses, the hydrogen reactor begins to generate heat to supply the hydrogen storage tank for hydrogen discharge. At this time, the heat supply mode of the first and second heating plates can be adjusted according to the temperature changes of the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor, such as using Reduced power or partially turned on mode can be used for heating, which can conveniently achieve precise heating, and also help to simplify the structure, improve heat utilization, and reduce operating costs.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are For some embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.
图1为本发明的一种储氢罐的横截面结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a hydrogen storage tank of the present invention.
图2为本发明的一种储氢合金内毛细换热管的分布结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of a hydrogen storage alloy inner capillary heat exchange tube of the present invention.
图3为本发明的一种储氢系统的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a hydrogen storage system of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合具体优选的实施例对本发明作进一步描述，但并不因此而限制本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
为了便于描述，各部件的相对位置关系，如：上、下、左、右等的描述均是根据说明书附图的布图方向来进行描述的，并不对本专利的结构起限定作用。For the convenience of description, the relative positional relationship of each component, such as: the description of up, down, left, right, etc., is described according to the layout direction of the drawings in the specification, and does not limit the structure of this patent.
实施例1Example 1
如图1、图2所示，本发明的氢能轨道车辆储氢罐5包括树脂材料制成的罐体51、毛细换热管52和储氢合金53，且储氢合金53填充在罐体51内，在储氢合金53内平行于所述罐体51的轴线均匀布置多根毛细换热管52。罐体51上设置加氢口54和放氢口55。若干根毛细换热管52的上端相互连通形成介质出口，若干根毛细换热管52的下端相互连通形成介质入口，且介质出口和介质入口分别伸出罐体51，优选地，毛细换热管52的数量为多根。所述罐体51的内腔呈圆柱状。可选地，所述若干根毛细换热管的一端通过设于罐体内壁和储氢合金之间的第一间隙或第一管路相互连通后伸出所述罐体作为介质入口，另一端通过设于罐体内壁和储氢合金之间的第二间隙或第二管路相互连通后伸出所述罐体作为介质出口。As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the hydrogen storage tank 5 of the hydrogen energy rail vehicle of the present invention includes a tank body 51 made of resin material, a capillary heat exchange tube 52 and a hydrogen storage alloy 53, and the hydrogen storage alloy 53 is filled in the tank body 51 , a plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes 52 are evenly arranged in the hydrogen storage alloy 53 parallel to the axis of the tank body 51 . The tank body 51 is provided with a hydrogenation port 54 and a hydrogen discharge port 55 . The upper ends of several capillary heat exchange tubes 52 communicate with each other to form a medium outlet, and the lower ends of several capillary heat exchange tubes 52 communicate with each other to form a medium inlet, and the medium outlet and the medium inlet extend out of the tank body 51 respectively. Preferably, the capillary heat exchange tubes The number of 52 is multiple. The inner cavity of the tank body 51 is cylindrical. Optionally, one end of the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes communicates with each other through the first gap or the first pipeline between the inner wall of the tank and the hydrogen storage alloy, and then protrudes out of the tank as a medium inlet, and the other end They communicate with each other through a second gap or a second pipeline arranged between the inner wall of the tank and the hydrogen storage alloy, and protrude out of the tank as a medium outlet.
各毛细换热管52的管径为5-10毫米，壁厚为45-50微米，且相邻所述毛细换热管52的距离约为0.8-1.2厘米，以保证储氢合金53的散热、冷却足够充分，具体地，各毛细换热管52的管径为8毫米，壁厚为48微米，且相邻所述毛细换热管52的距离约1厘米。当加氢过程放热时，各毛细换热管52分别同时通入冷却水(即介质)；当放氢过程吸热时，各毛细换热管52分别通入热水(即介质)，从而加快加氢/放氢速率，增大吸/放氢量，缩短充氢时间。显然，储氢合金53内布置毛细换热管52的根数越多，水流对储氢合金53的加热/冷却速度越快也越均匀。The diameter of each capillary heat exchange tube 52 is 5-10 mm, the wall thickness is 45-50 microns, and the distance between adjacent capillary heat exchange tubes 52 is about 0.8-1.2 cm to ensure the heat dissipation of the hydrogen storage alloy 53 1. The cooling is sufficient. Specifically, the diameter of each capillary heat exchange tube 52 is 8 mm, the wall thickness is 48 microns, and the distance between adjacent capillary heat exchange tubes 52 is about 1 cm. When the hydrogenation process releases heat, each capillary heat exchange tube 52 is passed into cooling water (i.e. medium) respectively at the same time; Accelerate hydrogenation/dehydrogenation rate, increase hydrogen absorption/desorption capacity, and shorten hydrogen charging time. Obviously, the more capillary heat exchange tubes 52 arranged in the hydrogen storage alloy 53 , the faster and more uniform the heating/cooling speed of the hydrogen storage alloy 53 by the water flow.
如图3所示，本发明氢能轨道车辆合金储氢系统包括储氢罐5、为储氢罐5加氢的地面设备和为储氢罐5放氢的车载设备，且所述地面设备在轨道沿线布置，所述车载设备布置在轨道车辆上。As shown in Figure 3, the hydrogen energy rail vehicle alloy hydrogen storage system of the present invention includes a hydrogen storage tank 5, ground equipment for adding hydrogen to the hydrogen storage tank 5, and on-board equipment for dehydrogenating the hydrogen storage tank 5, and the ground equipment is in The track is arranged along the line, and the on-board equipment is arranged on the rail vehicle.
地面设备主要由第一压力传感器2、地面冷却液装置3、地面冷却液入口阀门4、储氢罐5、地面冷却液出口阀门6、地面冷却循环泵7、第一散热器8、入口温度传感器9、出口温度传感器10组成，其中第一压力传感器2安装在储氢罐5的加氢口54，用于检测罐体51的内腔气体压力；从储氢罐5的介质出口到介质入口依次安装出口温度传感器10、地面冷却液出口阀门6、地面冷却循环泵7、第一散热器8、地面冷却液装置3、地面冷却液入口阀门4及入口温度传感器9。The ground equipment mainly consists of the first pressure sensor 2, the ground coolant device 3, the ground coolant inlet valve 4, the hydrogen storage tank 5, the ground coolant outlet valve 6, the ground cooling circulation pump 7, the first radiator 8, and the inlet temperature sensor 9. The outlet temperature sensor 10 is composed of the first pressure sensor 2 installed at the hydrogenation port 54 of the hydrogen storage tank 5 to detect the gas pressure in the inner cavity of the tank body 51; from the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 5 to the medium inlet in sequence Install the outlet temperature sensor 10, the ground cooling liquid outlet valve 6, the ground cooling circulation pump 7, the first radiator 8, the ground cooling liquid device 3, the ground cooling liquid inlet valve 4 and the inlet temperature sensor 9.
车载设备主要由车载冷却液装置11、第一加热板12、氢堆13、车载冷却液入口阀门14、第二加热板15、车载冷却液出口阀门16、车载冷却液循环泵17、第二散热器18和第二压力传感器1组成。第二压力传感器1安装在储氢罐5的放氢口55，用于检测罐体51的内腔气体压力。从储氢罐5的介质出口到介质入口之间经管道依次安装车载冷却液出口阀门16、车载冷却液循环泵17、第二散热器18、车载冷却液装置11、第一加热板12、氢堆13、车载冷却液入口阀门14、第二加热板15。The vehicle-mounted equipment is mainly composed of a vehicle-mounted coolant device 11, a first heating plate 12, a hydrogen stack 13, a vehicle-mounted coolant inlet valve 14, a second heating plate 15, a vehicle-mounted coolant outlet valve 16, a vehicle-mounted coolant circulating pump 17, and a second heat sink. device 18 and the second pressure sensor 1. The second pressure sensor 1 is installed at the hydrogen discharge port 55 of the hydrogen storage tank 5 for detecting the gas pressure in the inner cavity of the tank body 51 . From the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 5 to the medium inlet, the vehicle-mounted coolant outlet valve 16, the vehicle-mounted coolant circulation pump 17, the second radiator 18, the vehicle-mounted coolant device 11, the first heating plate 12, the hydrogen Stack 13, on-board coolant inlet valve 14, second heating plate 15.
地面加氢过程：该加氢过程是从地面加氢站通过加氢枪连接储氢罐5的加氢口54进行加氢，加氢过程为放热反应。当加氢枪快速接口接入到储氢罐5的加氢口54，加氢口54处的第一压力传感器2显示储氢罐5内的压力值变化，地面冷却液入口阀门4和地面冷却液出口阀门6立即打开，地面冷却液装置3内的冷却液迅速流经储氢罐5内的毛细换热管52并被加热，储氢罐5的毛细换热管52的介质出口流出热冷却液经过地面冷却循环泵7和第一散热器8后被降温，并回到地面冷却液装置3内，如此循环；在此过程中，入口温度传感器9和出口温度传感器10监测储氢罐5内毛细换热管52的介质入口和进水口水温，并根据温度变化，调节第一散热器8的功率保证充氢反应顺利进行。当第一压力传感器2监测到储氢罐5内充满氢气，加氢口54自动关闭，地面冷却液入口阀门4和地面冷却液出口阀门6同时关闭，完成加氢过程。Ground hydrogenation process: This hydrogenation process is to connect the hydrogenation port 54 of the hydrogen storage tank 5 from the ground hydrogenation station through a hydrogenation gun to carry out hydrogenation. The hydrogenation process is an exothermic reaction. When the quick interface of the hydrogenation gun is connected to the hydrogenation port 54 of the hydrogenation tank 5, the first pressure sensor 2 at the hydrogenation port 54 shows the pressure value change in the hydrogenation tank 5, and the ground coolant inlet valve 4 and the ground cooling The liquid outlet valve 6 is opened immediately, the cooling liquid in the ground cooling liquid device 3 flows quickly through the capillary heat exchange tube 52 in the hydrogen storage tank 5 and is heated, and the medium outlet of the capillary heat exchange tube 52 of the hydrogen storage tank 5 flows out to heat and cool The liquid is lowered in temperature after passing through the ground cooling circulation pump 7 and the first radiator 8, and returns to the ground cooling liquid device 3, and circulates like this; during this process, the inlet temperature sensor 9 and the outlet temperature sensor 10 monitor the hydrogen storage tank 5 The water temperature of the medium inlet and the water inlet of the capillary heat exchange tube 52, and according to the temperature change, adjust the power of the first radiator 8 to ensure the hydrogen charging reaction goes smoothly. When the first pressure sensor 2 detects that the hydrogen storage tank 5 is full of hydrogen, the hydrogenation port 54 is automatically closed, and the surface coolant inlet valve 4 and the surface coolant outlet valve 6 are simultaneously closed to complete the hydrogenation process.
车载放氢过程：该放氢过程是将储氢罐5内的氢气经过放氢口55放氢，接入到氢堆13进行发电的过程。放氢过程为吸热反应。当氢堆13向储氢系统发送放氢启动指令，放氢开始，第二压力传感器1监测储氢罐5内的压力变化，车载冷却液入口阀门14和车载冷却液出口阀门16迅速开启，车载冷却液装置11内的冷却液经过第一加热板12加热后进入氢堆13，将氢堆13加热而加速氢13堆启动，从氢堆13的冷却液出口流出的冷却液经车载冷却液入口阀门14、第二加热板15流入储氢罐5内的毛细换热管52，加热后的冷却液流经储氢罐5内的若干毛细换热管52，促进了储氢合金53内的氢气释出，从而加快了放氢速率，最大程度满足了氢堆13的用氢需求。从储氢罐5流出的冷却液经车载冷却循环泵17和第二散热器18重新回到车载冷却液装置11，如此循环；同时，入口温度传感器9和出口温度传感器10从放氢开始就开始监测毛细换热管52的进出口水温，当氢堆13开始工作阶段，由于放氢所需热量不足，可以开启第一加热板12和第二加热板15同时工作，随着反应进行，氢堆13发电产热，可以根据入口温度传感器9和出口温度传感器10监测到的温度变化，调节第一加热板12和第二加热板15功率，根据散热需求决定选择降功率运行或者部分开启模式，保证最大程度放氢。Vehicle-mounted hydrogen discharge process: the hydrogen discharge process is a process in which the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 5 is discharged through the hydrogen discharge port 55 and connected to the hydrogen stack 13 for power generation. The hydrogen release process is an endothermic reaction. When the hydrogen stack 13 sends a hydrogen discharge start command to the hydrogen storage system, and the hydrogen discharge starts, the second pressure sensor 1 monitors the pressure change in the hydrogen storage tank 5, and the vehicle-mounted coolant inlet valve 14 and the vehicle-mounted coolant outlet valve 16 are quickly opened, and the vehicle-mounted The coolant in the coolant device 11 enters the hydrogen stack 13 after being heated by the first heating plate 12, and the hydrogen stack 13 is heated to accelerate the start-up of the hydrogen stack 13. The coolant flowing out from the coolant outlet of the hydrogen stack 13 passes through the vehicle coolant inlet. The valve 14 and the second heating plate 15 flow into the capillary heat exchange tubes 52 in the hydrogen storage tank 5, and the heated coolant flows through a number of capillary heat exchange tubes 52 in the hydrogen storage tank 5, which promotes the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage alloy 53. release, thus speeding up the hydrogen desorption rate, and meeting the hydrogen demand of the hydrogen stack 13 to the greatest extent. The coolant that flows out from the hydrogen storage tank 5 returns to the vehicle-mounted coolant device 11 through the vehicle-mounted cooling circulation pump 17 and the second radiator 18, and so circulates; at the same time, the inlet temperature sensor 9 and the outlet temperature sensor 10 begin to discharge hydrogen. Monitor the water temperature at the inlet and outlet of the capillary heat exchange tube 52. When the hydrogen stack 13 starts to work, the first heating plate 12 and the second heating plate 15 can be turned on to work at the same time due to the lack of heat required for hydrogen release. As the reaction proceeds, the hydrogen stack 13 Power generation and heat generation, the power of the first heating plate 12 and the second heating plate 15 can be adjusted according to the temperature changes monitored by the inlet temperature sensor 9 and the outlet temperature sensor 10, and the power reduction operation or partial opening mode can be selected according to the heat dissipation demand to ensure Hydrogen release to the maximum extent.
散热冷却过程：无论是加氢过程还是放氢过程，冷却液都是通过储氢罐5内置的若干细小毛细换热管52充分与储氢合金53接触，入口温度传感器9和出口温度传感器10迅速响应，第一加热板12和第二加热板15及时调节功率大小，加快吸氢/放氢速率，从而增大吸氢/放氢量和缩短充氢时间。Heat dissipation and cooling process: Whether it is a hydrogenation process or a hydrogenation process, the coolant is fully in contact with the hydrogen storage alloy 53 through a number of small capillary heat exchange tubes 52 built in the hydrogen storage tank 5, and the inlet temperature sensor 9 and the outlet temperature sensor 10 quickly In response, the first heating plate 12 and the second heating plate 15 adjust the power in time to speed up the hydrogen absorption/desorption rate, thereby increasing the hydrogen absorption/desorption capacity and shortening the hydrogen charging time.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方案，但本发明的保护范围不限于此，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围的情况下，都可利用上述揭示的技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未 脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均应落在本发明技术方案保护的范围内。The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can utilize the technology disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. Contents Many possible changes and modifications are made to the technical solution of the present invention, or modified into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (11)

  1. 一种储氢罐，包括罐体(51)和填充在所述罐体内的储氢合金(53)，所述罐体上设置加氢口(54)和放氢口(55)，其特征在于，所述储氢合金内均匀布置若干根毛细换热管(52)，所述若干根毛细换热管的一端相互连通后伸出所述罐体作为介质入口，另一端相互连通后伸出所述罐体作为介质出口。A hydrogen storage tank, comprising a tank body (51) and a hydrogen storage alloy (53) filled in the tank body, the tank body is provided with a hydrogen filling port (54) and a hydrogen discharge port (55), characterized in that , a number of capillary heat exchange tubes (52) are evenly arranged in the hydrogen storage alloy, one end of the several capillary heat exchange tubes communicates with each other and extends out of the tank as a medium inlet, and the other end of the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes communicates with each other and extends out of the tank. The above-mentioned tank is used as a medium outlet.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的储氢罐，其特征在于，所述加氢口安装第一压力传感器(2)，所述放氢口安装第二压力传感器(1)。The hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that a first pressure sensor (2) is installed at the hydrogen filling port, and a second pressure sensor (1) is installed at the hydrogen discharge port.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的储氢罐，其特征在于，所述毛细换热管的管径为5-10毫米，壁厚为45-50微米，且相邻所述毛细换热管的距离为0.8-1.2厘米。The hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the capillary heat exchange tube is 5-10 mm, the wall thickness is 45-50 microns, and the distance between adjacent capillary heat exchange tubes is 0.8-1.2 cm.
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的储氢罐，其特征在于，所述罐体采用树脂材料制成。The hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the tank body is made of resin material.
  5. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的储氢罐，其特征在于，所述若干根毛细换热管平行于所述罐体的轴线设置。The hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes are arranged parallel to the axis of the tank body.
  6. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的储氢罐，其特征在于，所述罐体(1)的内腔呈圆柱状。The hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, the inner cavity of the tank body (1) is cylindrical.
  7. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的储氢罐，其特征在于，所述若干根毛细换热管(52)的一端位于储氢合金(53)的一端部并相互连通后伸出所述罐体(51)作为介质入口，所述若干根毛细换热管(52)的另一端位于储氢合金(53)的另一端部并相互连通后伸出所述罐体(51)作为介质出口。The hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, one end of the plurality of capillary heat exchange tubes (52) is located at one end of the hydrogen storage alloy (53) and communicates with each other to protrude from the The tank body (51) is used as the medium inlet, and the other ends of the several capillary heat exchange tubes (52) are located at the other end of the hydrogen storage alloy (53) and communicate with each other to protrude from the tank body (51) as the medium exit.
  8. 一种氢能轨道车辆用储氢系统，包括储氢罐(5)和为所述储氢罐放氢的车载设备，其特征在于，所述储氢罐为权利要求1-7中任一项所述的储氢罐，所述车载设备布置在轨道车辆上。A hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy rail vehicle, comprising a hydrogen storage tank (5) and on-board equipment for discharging hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank, characterized in that the hydrogen storage tank is any one of claims 1-7 As for the hydrogen storage tank, the vehicle-mounted equipment is arranged on a rail vehicle.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的氢能轨道车辆用储氢系统，其特征在于，还包括为所述储氢罐加氢的地面设备，所述地面设备在轨道沿线布置，所述地面设备包括依次连通的地面冷却液出口阀门(6)、地面冷却循环泵(7)、第一散热器(8)和地面冷却液装置(3)，所述地面冷却液装置的冷却液出口经管道连接地面冷却液入口阀门(4)；加氢时，所述储氢罐的介质入口可拆卸连接所述地面冷却液入口阀门(4)，所述储氢罐的介质出口可拆卸连接所述地面冷却液出口阀门(6)。The hydrogen storage system for hydrogen energy rail vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that it also includes ground equipment for hydrogenating the hydrogen storage tank, the ground equipment is arranged along the track, and the ground equipment includes sequentially connected ground cooling liquid outlet valve (6), ground cooling circulation pump (7), first radiator (8) and ground cooling liquid device (3), the cooling liquid outlet of described ground cooling liquid device connects ground cooling liquid through pipeline Inlet valve (4); during hydrogenation, the medium inlet of the hydrogen storage tank is detachably connected to the ground coolant inlet valve (4), and the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is detachably connected to the ground coolant outlet valve (6).
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的氢能轨道车辆用储氢系统，其特征在于，所述车载设备包括依次连通的车载冷却液出口阀门(16)、车载冷却液循环泵(17)、第二散热器(18)、车载冷却液装置(11)和第一加热板(12)、氢堆(13)，所述车载冷却液装置(11)的冷却液出口与第一加热板(12)连通，第一加热板(12)和所述氢堆(13)的冷却液入口连通，所述氢堆(13)的冷却液出口经车载冷却液入口阀门(14)连接第二加热板(15)；放氢时， 所述储氢罐的介质入口可拆卸连接所述第二加热板的冷却液出口，所述储氢罐的介质出口可拆卸连接所述车载冷却液出口阀门，所述氢堆(13)的进气口连接所述储氢罐的放氢口。The hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy rail vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the vehicle-mounted equipment includes a vehicle-mounted coolant outlet valve (16), a vehicle-mounted coolant circulation pump (17), and a second radiator connected in sequence. (18), vehicle-mounted coolant device (11) and first heating plate (12), hydrogen stack (13), the coolant outlet of described vehicle-mounted coolant device (11) is communicated with the first heating plate (12), the second A heating plate (12) communicates with the coolant inlet of the hydrogen stack (13), and the coolant outlet of the hydrogen stack (13) is connected to the second heating plate (15) through the vehicle-mounted coolant inlet valve (14); When using hydrogen, the medium inlet of the hydrogen storage tank is detachably connected to the coolant outlet of the second heating plate, the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is detachably connected to the on-board coolant outlet valve, and the hydrogen stack (13 ) is connected to the hydrogen discharge port of the hydrogen storage tank.
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的氢能轨道车辆用储氢系统，其特征在于，所述储氢罐的介质入口安装入口温度传感器(9)，储氢罐的介质出口安装出口温度传感器(10)，且所述入口温度传感器(9)接入所述第二加热板(15)的控制回路中，所述出口温度传感器(10)接入所述第一加热板(12)的控制回路中。The hydrogen storage system for a hydrogen energy rail vehicle according to claim 10, wherein an inlet temperature sensor (9) is installed at the medium inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, and an outlet temperature sensor (10) is installed at the medium outlet of the hydrogen storage tank, And the inlet temperature sensor (9) is connected to the control circuit of the second heating plate (15), and the outlet temperature sensor (10) is connected to the control circuit of the first heating plate (12).
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CN114234036A (en) * 2021-12-02 2022-03-25 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 Solid-state hydrogen storage tank and hydrogen storage system for hydrogen energy rail vehicle

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