WO2023094228A1

WO2023094228A1 - Method and device for processing data associated with at least one time reference for a network

Info

Publication number: WO2023094228A1
Application number: PCT/EP2022/082057
Authority: WO
Inventors: David Osamu Ginthoer; Henrik KLESSIG; Rene Guillaume
Original assignee: Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date: 2021-11-26
Filing date: 2022-11-16
Publication date: 2023-06-01
Also published as: DE102021213361A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method, for example a computer-implemented method, for processing data associated with at least one time reference for a network, comprising: determining a first variable characterizing a future, for example possible unavailability of a, for example actual, first time reference for the network, and, optionally, based on the first variable, determining at least a second time reference for the network.

Description

title

Method and apparatus for processing data associated with at least one time reference for a network

State of the art

The disclosure relates to a method for processing data associated with at least one time reference for a network.

The disclosure relates to an apparatus for processing data associated with at least one time reference for a network.

Disclosure of Invention

Exemplary embodiments relate to a method, for example a computer-implemented method, for processing data associated with at least one time reference for a network, comprising: determining a first variable characterizing a future, for example possible, unavailability of a, for example current, first time reference for the network , and, optionally, based on the first quantity, determining at least a second time reference for the network. In further exemplary embodiments, this enables, for example, early detection of any imminent unavailability (e.g. failure) of the current time reference, so that, in further exemplary embodiments, e.g. early countermeasures can be taken, for example by preparing to use the at least one second time reference.

In further exemplary embodiments, a possibly imminent unavailability can, for example, result in a disconnection to the current Characterize the time reference, alternatively or additionally, however, also, for example, a deterioration in the timer quality (e.g. the accuracy of the clock in the time reference deteriorates), so that the current time reference is still available, but there may be a potentially better choice for a (different) time reference .

In further exemplary embodiments, the network can be embodied, for example, at least partially or in certain areas as a wireless network, for example as a cellular mobile network, for example according to the 5G standard.

In further exemplary embodiments, the network can be designed, for example, at least partially or in some areas as a wired network.

In other example embodiments, the network may be configured to perform Time-Sensitive Networking, TSN, methods, for example.

In further exemplary embodiments, the first time reference and/or the at least one second time reference can, for example, be a time master or a grandmaster clock ("GM") according to IEEE 1588 or be designed to do so, at least temporarily as a time master or grandmaster Clock to work according to IEEE 1588.

In further exemplary embodiments, it is provided that the method has: determining at least one time reference candidate, for example a plurality of time reference candidates, with the determination being carried out repeatedly, for example periodically. In other exemplary embodiments, this ensures that at least one of the time reference candidates can be used as a time master, for example, in the short term, for example in the event that the current time reference is unavailable, possibly suddenly.

In further exemplary embodiments it is provided that the determination of the at least one time reference candidate is carried out while the first time reference is available. In this way it can be ensured in further exemplary embodiments that, for example, in good time, eg before a failure or unavailability of the current time reference, time reference candidates, eg as a possible replacement for the current time reference, are determined.

In further exemplary embodiments, it is provided that the method has: determining a plurality of time reference candidates, and, optionally, sorting the plurality of time reference candidates, for example based on at least one criterion, with the at least one criterion, for example, an availability period of a time reference characterized candidates.

In further exemplary embodiments, the plurality of time reference candidates may be organized, e.g., in the form of a list, and sorting the plurality of time reference candidates may include, e.g., sorting the list.

In further exemplary embodiments, provision is made for the determination and/or sorting to be carried out at least temporarily based on a Best Master Clock Algorithm, BMCA, method, for example in accordance with IEEE 1588.

In further exemplary embodiments, the principle according to the embodiments allows, for example, to guarantee the timely provision of suitable, alternative time references, e.g. master timers, e.g. during ongoing operation of the network, e.g failure", GM failure) to prevent network synchronization degradation.

In further exemplary embodiments, an apparatus that performs at least some aspects of the method according to the embodiments may be embodied, for example, in the form of a controller, e.g., logically implemented in a centralized manner.

In further exemplary embodiments, the holistic knowledge of the network associated with the logically centralized design of the device or of the controller enables a precise prediction of the Unavailability, for example, of a current time reference and, for example, an early or timely "appointment" of a new time reference, for example by assigning the role of the time reference to a time reference candidate that was previously determined, for example. In further exemplary embodiments, the appointment of the new time reference can take place, for example, on the basis of a set of preselected suitable GM candidates (eg the time reference candidates described above by way of example), which in further exemplary embodiments are created, for example, by repeated, e.g. regular, evaluation and, e.g ongoing, has been updated.

In further exemplary embodiments, the time reference candidates can be pre-selected, for example based on a prioritization, for example using one or more predeterminable criteria, for example a period of availability of a component of the network.

In further exemplary embodiments, the pre-selection can also be carried out, for example, based on a known method such as the BMCA method.

In further exemplary embodiments, the principle according to the embodiments can be used not only to increase the availability of the time reference, but also to reduce the load on the network, e.g. as a result of frequent changes in the time reference. In addition, in further exemplary embodiments, at least one time reference candidate can be selected and/or prioritized, e.g. using at least one established method such as the BMCA method.

In further exemplary embodiments, it is provided that the method has at least one of the following elements: a) proactive (i.e. e.g. before the occurrence of a problem with the current time reference occurring) and/or event-controlled initiation of the determination of the first variable, b) proactive and/or or event-controlled initiation of the determination of the at least one time reference candidate.

In further exemplary embodiments, for example, one or more known methods for selecting a time reference, for example a GM, such as For example, the BMCA procedure, initiated proactively and/or event-driven, for example on the basis of a holistic network view, for example to enable a GM change before an active time reference fails.

In further exemplary embodiments, it is provided that the method has at least one of the following elements: a) carrying out the determination of the first variable based on at least one of the following elements: a1) indicator, for example a quality indicator, which characterizes operation of at least one component of the network, a2) context information associated with at least one component of the network, b) performing the determination of the at least one time reference candidate based on at least one of the following elements: b1) indicator, for example a quality indicator, which characterizes an operation of at least one component of the network, b2) context information associated with at least one component of the network, for example the indicator characterizing channel conditions, for example a channel quality, for example a radio channel, wherein the context information characterizes for example a mobility of the at least one component of the network, the mobility being characterizable for example through position information and/or a movement profile.

In further exemplary embodiments, it is provided that the network has a number of users who can set up a data connection at least in some areas using at least one radio channel, the context information having information relating to at least one, for example planned, handover process.

In further exemplary embodiments it is provided that the method has at least one of the following elements: a) using a software-based network configuration, for example for at least part of the network, b) using components for a, for example cellular, mobile radio network, for example based on 5G -Default.

In further exemplary embodiments, it is provided that the first variable, which, for example, indicates a need to change the time reference characterized, is determined based on at least one of the following aspects: a) Context information: This can be, for example, position data and/or movement profiles, eg of individual network participants, which are provided, for example, by a localization system and/or the participants themselves. In further exemplary embodiments, the context information can include information from a video system and/or other sensors which, for example, detect a relevant event and transmit it, for example, to a device executing the method according to the embodiments, for example a controller. In further exemplary embodiments, the context information can have, for example, status information from other processes or systems, for example from process automation, and/or user inputs. b) Monitoring, e.g. radio communication: For example, a part of the network designed as a wireless network, e.g. as a cellular mobile network, e.g. 5G network, can detect an impending handover and/or loss of connection (e.g. due to decreasing signal strength or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)) with regard to at least one component of the network, eg terminal or base station or the like, determine or communicate, eg to a device executing the method according to the embodiments. In further exemplary embodiments, general connection statistics, for example with regard to at least some network subscribers, can be used, for example to detect (eg temporary) shadowing of a (radio) connection, for example based on an increased packet error rate. c) Monitoring of terminals ("UE monitoring"): In further exemplary embodiments, terminals of the network transmit, for example

Status information, e.g. to a monitoring instance. In further exemplary embodiments, this status information can be, for example, detected events ("events"), a next process step, or a state of charge (eg of an electrical energy supply device, eg accumulator) or the like. d) Reconfiguration: In further exemplary embodiments, a planning of a configuration or a reconfiguration of the network is provided, eg based on at least one of the abovementioned aspects a), b), c), the planning and/or the configuration and/or the reconfiguration can be carried out, for example, by the device executing the method according to the embodiments, for example a controller. In further exemplary embodiments, a change in the time reference is carried out or initiated, for example, based on preparation and/or coordination of a configuration or reconfiguration.

Further exemplary embodiments relate to an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the embodiments.

Further exemplary embodiments relate to a network having at least one device according to the embodiments.

Further exemplary embodiments relate to a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause it to carry out the method according to the embodiments.

Further exemplary embodiments relate to a computer program, comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method according to the embodiments.

Further exemplary embodiments relate to a data carrier signal that transmits and/or characterizes the computer program according to the embodiments.

Further exemplary embodiments relate to a use of the method according to the embodiments and/or the device according to the embodiments and/or the network according to the embodiments and/or the computer-readable storage medium according to the embodiments and/or the computer program according to the embodiments and/or the Data carrier signal according to the embodiments for at least one of the following elements: a) Assigned a time reference role, b) optimizing an assignment of a time reference role, c) proactively determining at least one potential future time reference, d) determining at least one potential future time reference dependent on a context of at least one component of the network, e) determining a plurality of time reference candidates , f) excluding potentially unsuitable time reference candidates, g) monitoring, for example continuous monitoring, as to whether a time reference candidate is better suited as a time reference than a current time reference according to at least one specifiable criterion, h) modifying at least one identity parameter, for example system identity, according to IEEE 802.1AS-2011, for example a local clock, at least one component of the network, i) providing at least one alternative time reference.

Further features, application possibilities and advantages of the invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, which are illustrated in the figures of the drawing. All of the described or illustrated features form the subject matter of the invention, either alone or in any combination, regardless of how they are summarized in the claims or their back-reference and regardless of their wording or representation in the description or in the drawing.

In the drawing shows:

1 schematically shows a simplified flow chart according to exemplary embodiments,

2 schematically shows a simplified block diagram according to further exemplary embodiments,

3 schematically shows a simplified flow chart according to further exemplary embodiments,

4 schematically shows a simplified flowchart according to further exemplary embodiments, 5 schematically shows a simplified flow chart according to further exemplary embodiments,

6 schematically shows a simplified flowchart according to further exemplary embodiments,

7 schematically shows a simplified flowchart according to further exemplary embodiments,

8 schematically shows a simplified block diagram according to further exemplary embodiments,

9 schematically shows a simplified block diagram according to further exemplary embodiments,

10 schematically shows a simplified block diagram according to further exemplary embodiments,

11 schematically shows a simplified block diagram according to further exemplary embodiments,

12 schematically shows a simplified flowchart according to further exemplary embodiments,

13 schematically shows a simplified flow chart according to further exemplary embodiments,

14 schematically shows aspects of uses according to further exemplary embodiments.

Exemplary embodiments, cf. Fig. 1, 2 relate to a method, for example a computer-implemented method, for processing data associated with at least one time reference for a network 10 (Fig. 2), comprising: determining 100 (Fig. 1) a first variable characterizing a future, for example possible, unavailability of a first time reference ZR1 for the network 10, for example a current one (eg currently in use). G1, and, optionally, based on the first size G1, determining 102 at least one second time reference ZR2 for the network 10. In further exemplary embodiments, this enables, for example, early detection of a possibly imminent unavailability (e.g. failure) of the current time reference ZR1, see above that, in further exemplary embodiments, countermeasures can be taken at an early stage, for example by preparing to use the at least one second time reference ZR2.

In further exemplary embodiments, the network 10 can be embodied, for example, at least partially or in some areas as a wireless network, for example as a e.g. cellular mobile network, for example according to the 5G standard or another standard or in some other way. For example, elements 11a, 11b, 11c symbolize terminals, e.g., user equipment (UE), and element 12 symbolizes a network-side device, such as a base station, e.g., gNB, or a relay station. The terminals 11a, 11b, 11c can, for example, exchange data with the base station 12 via a radio channel CH.

In further exemplary embodiments, the time references ZR1, ZR2 can, for example, be integrated into a further (not shown) component of the network 10, for example a further base station or a further terminal, which is not shown in Figure 2 for reasons of clarity.

In further exemplary embodiments, the time references ZR1, ZR2 can also be integrated into at least one of the components 11a, 11b, 11c or 12, for example.

In further exemplary embodiments, the network 10 can be embodied, for example, at least partially or in certain areas as a wired network.

In further exemplary embodiments, the network 10 can be designed, for example, for the execution of Time-Sensitive Networking, TSN, method. In further exemplary embodiments, the first time reference ZR1 and/or the at least one second time reference ZR2 can be a time master or a grandmaster clock according to IEEE 1588 or be designed to do so, at least temporarily as a time master or grandmaster clock according to IEEE 1588 to work. The time reference ZR1, ZR2 can, for example, provide a time in the network 10 so that, for example, further components or users 11a, 11b, 11b, 12 can synchronize with the time of the time reference ZR1, ZR2.

In further exemplary embodiments, FIG. 3, it is provided that the method has: Determining 110 at least one time reference candidate ZR-K, for example a plurality of time reference candidates ZR-K′, with for example determining 110 being carried out repeatedly, for example periodically , see arrow 112. In further exemplary embodiments, this ensures that at least one of the time reference candidates ZR-K, ZR-K' can be used, e.g. as a time master, e.g. in the event of a sudden unavailability of the current time reference ZR1 (Fig. 2).

In further exemplary embodiments it is provided that the determination 110 of the at least one time reference candidate is carried out while the first time reference ZR1 is available, ie for example active. In other exemplary embodiments, this can ensure that time reference candidates ZR-K, ZR-K', e.g. as a possible replacement for the current time reference ZR1, are determined in good time, e.g. before a failure or unavailability of the current time reference ZR1 and are available to assume the role of time reference.

In further exemplary embodiments, FIG. 4, it is provided that the method has: determining 115 a plurality of ZR-K′ of time reference candidates, and, optionally, sorting 117 of the plurality of ZR-K′ of time reference candidates, for example based on at least one criterion KRIT, the at least one criterion KRIT for example characterizing a period of availability of a time reference candidate.

In further exemplary embodiments, the plurality of time reference candidates can be organized eg in the form of a list, cf Block 115a, and the sorting 117 of the plurality ZR-K' of time reference candidates may include sorting 117a of the list, for example.

In further exemplary embodiments, provision is made for the determination 115 and/or sorting 117 to be carried out at least temporarily based on a Best Master Clock Algorithm, BMCA, method, for example in accordance with IEEE 1588.

In further exemplary embodiments, the principle according to the embodiments allows, for example, a timely provision of suitable, alternative time references ZR2, e.g ("Grandmaster Failure", GM Failure) to prevent degradation of network synchronization.

In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 2, an apparatus 200 that performs at least some aspects of the method according to the embodiments may be embodied, for example, in the form of a controller 200, e.g., logically implemented in a centralized manner.

In further exemplary embodiments, the holistic knowledge of the network 10 associated with the logically centralized design of the device or controller 200 enables a precise prediction of the non-availability, for example, of a current time reference ZR1 and, for example, an early or timely "appointment" of a new time reference ZR2, e.g. by assigning the role of the time reference to a previously determined time reference candidate. In further exemplary embodiments, the appointment of the new time reference can be made, for example, on the basis of a set of preselected suitable GM candidates (e.g. the time reference candidates described above by way of example), which in further exemplary embodiments are established, for example, by repeated, e.g. regular, evaluation and, e.g. ongoing, has been updated.

In further exemplary embodiments, a pre-selection of the time reference candidates ZR-K' can be carried out, for example based on a prioritization, for example based on one or more criteria that can be specified, e.g. a period of availability of a component of the network 10.

In further exemplary embodiments, the principle according to the embodiments can be used not only to increase the availability of the time reference, but also to reduce the load on the network 10, e.g. as a result of frequent changes in the time reference ZR1, ZR2. In addition, in further exemplary embodiments, at least one time reference candidate ZR-K' can be selected and/or prioritized, e.g. using at least one established method such as the BMCA method.

In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 5, it is provided that the method has at least one of the following elements: a) proactive (e.g. before the occurrence of a problem with the current time reference ZR1 occurring) and/or event-driven initiation 120 of determining 100 the first variable G1, b) proactive and/or event-controlled initiation 122 of determining 110 the at least one time reference candidate ZR-K.

In further exemplary embodiments, one or more known methods for selecting a time reference, e.g. a GM, such as the BMCA method, are thus triggered proactively and/or event-driven, e.g. on the basis of a holistic network view, e.g. of the central controller 200, e.g. to enable a GM change before an active time reference ZR1 fails.

In further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 6, it is provided that the method has at least one of the following elements: a) Execution 130 of determining 100 the first variable G1 based on at least one of the following elements: a1) indicator IND, for example quality indicator, the characterizes an operation of at least one component of the network 10, a2) context information KONT associated with at least one component of the network 10, b) executing 132 the determination 110 of the at least one time reference candidate ZR-K based on at least one of the following elements: b1) indicator IND, for example a quality indicator, which characterizes operation of at least one component of the network 10, b2) context information KONT associated with at least one component of the network 10 , wherein, for example, the indicator IND characterizes channel conditions, for example a channel quality, for example a radio channel CH (FIG. 2), wherein the context information KONT characterizes, for example, a mobility of the at least one component of the network 10, the mobility being characterizable, for example, by position information and/or or a movement profile.

In further exemplary embodiments, it is provided that the network 10 has a plurality of participants 11a, 11b, 11c, 12, which can establish a data connection at least in some areas by means of at least one radio channel CH, with the context information KONT information relating to at least one, for example planned, handover process (Changing a terminal 11a from a first base station 12 to a second base station (not shown)).

In further exemplary embodiments, FIG. 7, it is provided that the method has at least one of the following elements: a) using 140 a software-based network configuration SDN-CFG, for example for at least part of the network 10, b) using 142 components 5G- KOMP for a cellular mobile network, for example, based on the 5G standard, for example.

In further exemplary embodiments, it is provided that the first variable G1 (FIG. 1), which characterizes a need to change the time reference, for example, is determined based on at least one of the following aspects: a) Context information: This can be, for example, position data and/or Movement profiles, for example individual network participants 11a, 11b, 11c (FIG. 2), which are provided, for example, by a localization system and/or the participants 11a, 11b, 11c themselves. In further exemplary embodiments, the context information can information of a Have video systems and/or other sensors which, for example, detect a relevant event and, for example, transmit it to a device 200 executing the method according to the embodiments, for example a controller. In further exemplary embodiments, the context information can include, for example, status information from other processes or systems (not shown), for example from process automation, and/or user inputs. b) Monitoring, e.g. radio communication: For example, a part of the network 10 designed as a wireless network, e.g. as a cellular mobile radio network, e.g. 5G network, can detect an imminent handover and/or connection loss (e.g. due to decreasing signal strength or signal-to-noise Determine or communicate ratio (SNR)) with regard to at least one component of the network, e.g. terminal 11a or base station 12 or the like, e.g. a device 200 executing the method according to the embodiments 11a, 11b, 11c, 12, for example to detect (for example temporary) shadowing of a (radio) connection CH, for example based on an increased packet error rate. c) Observation of terminals 11a, 11b, 11c ("UE monitoring"): In further exemplary embodiments, terminals 11a, 11b, 11c of the network 10 transmit eg status information, eg to a monitoring entity. In further exemplary embodiments, this status information can be, for example, detected events ("events"), a next process step, or a state of charge (eg of an electrical energy supply device, eg accumulator) or the like. d) Reconfiguration: In further exemplary embodiments, planning of a configuration or a reconfiguration of the network 10 is provided, for example based on at least one of the abovementioned aspects a), b), c), the planning and/or the configuration and/or or the reconfiguration can be carried out, for example, by the device executing the method according to the embodiments, for example a controller, 200 . In further exemplary embodiments, a change in the time reference ZR1, for example carried out or initiated based on a preparation and/or coordination of a configuration or reconfiguration.

Further exemplary embodiments, FIG. 8, relate to a device 200 for carrying out the method according to the embodiments. In further exemplary embodiments, it is provided that the device 200 has: a computing device (“computer”) 202 having at least one computing core 202a, 202b, 202c, a memory device 204 assigned to the computing device 202 for at least temporarily storing at least one of the following elements: a) Data DAT, e.g. the data associated with the time reference ZR1, ZR2 for the network 10, b)

Computer program PRG, for example for executing the method according to the embodiments.

In further exemplary embodiments, the storage device 204 comprises a volatile memory (e.g. random access memory (RAM)) 204a, and/or a non-volatile (NVM) memory (e.g. flash EEPROM) 204b, or a combination thereof or with others not explicitly mentioned storage types.

Further exemplary embodiments relate to a computer-readable storage medium SM, comprising instructions PRG which, when executed by a computer 202, cause it to carry out the method according to the embodiments.

Further exemplary embodiments relate to a computer program PRG, comprising instructions which, when the program PRG is executed by a computer 202, cause it to carry out the method according to the embodiments.

Further exemplary embodiments relate to a data carrier signal DCS, which characterizes and/or transmits the computer program PRG according to the embodiments. The data carrier signal DCS can be received via an optional data interface 206 of the device 200, for example. Further exemplary embodiments, FIG. 2 , relate to a network 10 comprising at least one device 200 according to the embodiments.

9 schematically shows a block diagram of a network 10a according to further exemplary embodiments. The network 10a is designed, for example, as an SDN (Software Defined Networking) - based network, with a subscriber or node N1 communicating with another subscriber or node N2 via a plurality of infrastructure components (e.g. network bridges, e.g. "bridges") BR1, BR2, BR3 . For example, a logically centralized entity “controller” 200a is provided, which is designed, for example, to control the network infrastructure and possibly the end nodes N1, N2, such as the respective transmission behavior, via a suitable protocol, see the dashed lines. one of which is provided with the reference sign ML ("configuration connection ML"). In contrast, the line L1 symbolizes an exemplary network connection for data transmission between the components N1, BR1.

For example, the controller 200a may have a configuration identical or similar to the configuration 200 shown in FIG. 8 . In further exemplary embodiments, e.g. mechanisms are taken into account, for example as part of an ongoing standardization of TSN (Time Sensitive Networking) and 5G, which describe the behavior and the composition of the controller 200a and e.g. allow the integration of 5G aspects into a TSN network. It is thus possible in further exemplary embodiments to replace some network structure components, i.e. e.g. one or more TSN switches or e.g. at least one of the bridges BR1, BR2, BR3, e.g.

In further exemplary embodiments, for example a 5G network can be integrated into a TSN network, in which case the principle according to the embodiments can at least temporarily entail at least some advantages. As can be seen, for example, from the standardization document 3GPP TR 23.700-20, ongoing standardization activities envisage that in the future time domains will also have time masters on the mobile end node side (e.g Terminal, UE) can exist and these do not necessarily have to be implemented on the base station (gNB) side. The mobility of the UEs makes it possible for a UE-based time master (grand master, GM) to move, for example, into an area that is unfavorable for radio communication, as a result of which, for example, its connection strength to other participants in the same time domain can decrease significantly. Due to the associated effects, such as poorer spectral efficiency, less precise synchronization or losses of individual synchronization messages through to complete disconnections, this UE would be—at least temporarily—an unsuitable master timer according to further exemplary embodiments.

It is also possible with other conventional approaches, e.g. based on the above-mentioned 3GPP standard, that the affected UE is temporarily not required and is switched off (e.g. a transport robot driving to the charging station) or the UE is within range of another base station, e.g. gNB , comes and a handover is carried out, whereby the UE possibly leaves the time domain. Thus, with some conventional approaches, a permanent availability of the time reference, e.g. GM, e.g. within a time domain, is not guaranteed, so that e.g. a new GM should be found and appointed, which in further exemplary embodiments e.g. according to the principle of the present embodiments executable is. In other words, in further exemplary embodiments, the principle according to the embodiments can also be applied to mobile time references or GM, which can be implemented using a mobile terminal, for example.

As a rule, it can take some time until a new GM is found and appointed, especially with some conventional approaches. With some conventional approaches, there is even the possibility that a GM who has just been appointed will also leave the time domain shortly thereafter due to his own mobility. A frequent failure of the time source can lead to an increasing time offset in different components and ultimately to an error event in their functions. In addition, frequent changing of the time source would lead to additional communication overhead due to the control messages required for this and should therefore be minimized. These disadvantages of some conventional approaches can be exemplified in other Embodiments can be reduced or avoided using the principle according to the embodiments.

10 shows an exemplary network 10b, e.g., radio network, according to further exemplary embodiments. The network 10b has two base stations gNB1 and gNB2, for example, and three mobile terminals UE1, UE2 and UE3. The management and configuration of the network 10b is carried out by the controller 200b, which is e.g. designed similarly or identically to the configuration 200 according to FIG. see the dashed arrows a1.

In further exemplary embodiments, the base stations gNB1, gNB2 can be connected to one another via a common backend (not shown), for example. In further exemplary embodiments, e.g. in the case of industrial applications, the end devices UE1, UE2, UE3 can correspond to e.g. mobile devices such as Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGVs), mobile control units or control panels or (e.g. static) infrastructure components.

In further exemplary embodiments, it is assumed that the two base stations gNB1 and gNB2 belong to different sub-networks, which each represent their own time domain, for example. The terminal UE1 is, for example, the time reference, e.g., GM, of the time domain "A", cf. the reference symbol ZR-A1, and the base station gNB2 is the time reference, e.g., GM, of the time domain B, cf. the reference symbol ZR-B. In further exemplary embodiments, the terminal device UE1 moves away from the reception range of the base station gNB1 as a result of its movement B-LIE1, so that a handover a2 to the base station gNB2 is carried out, for example, or at least there is a non-negligible probability of this.

In further exemplary embodiments, the controller 200b recognizes this situation, e.g. using position data and a known movement profile of the terminal UE1 and/or due to a decreasing signal strength compared to the terminal UE1, which can be characterized, for example, by a specific value of variable G1, and encounters e.g Redistribution a3 of the GM role. The time is chosen such that a new GM is appointed and established (here: terminal UE2, see reference number ZR-A2) even before the terminal UE1 has left the time domain "A". The terminal UE2 can, for example, have already been identified as a suitable GM candidate and stored in a preselection (possibly sorted according to priority/suitability) or be selected ad hoc as the next best GM candidate. In both cases, the results of established procedures such as the BMCA can optionally be used, for example to prioritize. In further exemplary embodiments, however, the application of the BMCA then takes place proactively or event-based, so that—as previously described—the new GM ZR-A2 is established before the previous GM ZR-A1 is no longer available.

In further exemplary embodiments, each terminal UE1, UE2, UE3, for example, has its own list of available base stations and the associated receiving powers, e.g. in order to be able to make a handover request itself if required, with controller 200b also using this list or can use the corresponding information on available base stations and the associated reception power, e.g. for a change of GM role or a, e.g. proactive, preparation for a time master change.

In further exemplary embodiments, there is a possibility that the controller 200b recognizes and triggers a need for a GM change if the terminal UE1 sends its e.g. continuously maintained and updated list of "visible" base stations (here gNBI and gNB2) to the controller 200b transmitted, which uses the information contained therein. In other words, in further exemplary embodiments, the controller 200b is designed to receive a list of “visible” base stations or base stations located within communication range (or corresponding information that is not necessarily organized in list form) of at least one terminal UE1, UE2, UE3 and based on the list or the information e.g. to determine the first variable G1 or to determine whether there is a need for a change of the current time reference.

In further exemplary embodiments, the controller 200b is designed to update the list or the corresponding information with, for example, additional To link context data, whereby an even better prediction, for example of a possibly imminent handover, can be achieved.

In further exemplary embodiments, the controller 200b can, e.g. for the selection of a new GM, manage a priority or suitability list for potential GMs which, e.g. such as building planned routes of AGVs. According to further exemplary embodiments, it is advantageous here, e.g. to know a correlation of radio channel properties and context information, e.g. between the terminals, and thus to select suitable terminals, e.g. with the lowest possible correlation (i.e. higher diversity) and, if necessary, to prioritize them together.

In further exemplary embodiments, the controller 200b can, e.g. as an alternative to a fixed handover of the GM role, establish a connection (not shown) between the base stations gNB1 and gNB2, which e.g. allows the terminal UE1 also during an association with the second base station gNB2 to act as GM of time domain "A".

In further exemplary embodiments, a proactive appointment of a new GM according to exemplary embodiments can also be useful with a redundant design of the GM role. In further exemplary embodiments, this is the case, for example, if at least two GMs are to be available as consistently as possible. This approach comes into play in further exemplary embodiments, e.g. when - e.g. due to high volatility - both GM possibly leave the time domain within a short time without at least one new GM having been established beforehand.

In further exemplary embodiments, the appointment of a new GM within a time domain can have different causes, for example: • a terminal UE1 switches off or temporarily cannot serve as a GM, • a terminal UE1 moves out of range by its own movement B-UE1 a base station gNB1, • a terminal UE1 is no longer due to a change in the environment or the configuration reachable (eg shadowing of the connection, poor radio link, eg NLOS (non-line-of-sight) conditions), • a terminal changes to a different time domain, • by changing the topology (including handover) of the network 10b, the requirements to the time synchronization can no longer be guaranteed (e.g. increased inaccuracy due to too many hops), • The requirements for the time synchronization have changed and cannot be met with the current configuration (although in other exemplary embodiments this case is normally in the system or network 10b is announced in advance).

In further exemplary embodiments, the controller 200, 200a, 200b can use various information, e.g., to recognize or predict a need for a GM change. These include e.g.:

• Context information: This can be, for example, position data and movement profiles of the individual network participants and be provided by a corresponding localization system. It can also be information from a video system or other sensors that detect a relevant event and transmit it to the controller. It can also be status information from other processes (e.g. from process automation) or user input.

• Monitoring of the radio communication: The (5G) communication system notifies the controller 200, 200a, 200b of an imminent handover or loss of connection, for example due to decreasing signal strength (SNR).

Furthermore, general connection statistics can be used to detect (temporary) shadowing of the connection, for example based on an increased packet error rate.

• UE monitoring: The terminals ("UEs") transmit status information to a suitable monitoring authority. This status information can include, for example, detected events, a next process step, or your charging status.

• Reconfiguration: The controller 200, 200a, 200b plans the reconfiguration of the network, for example based on a combination of the above information. In the preparation and coordination of this reconfiguration, the controller initiates a change of GM, for example.

In the following, potential implementation strategies according to further exemplary embodiments are presented, e.g. in the cases mentioned above by way of example, a corresponding selection of the time reference, e.g. the GM, e.g. to maintain an accurate and efficient synchronization of the system or network.

(optional) Exclusion of unsuitable time reference, e.g., GM, candidates: In a time domain, in further exemplary embodiments, in principle, for example, all synchronized participants are able to act as a time reference, e.g., GM. Here, in further exemplary embodiments, a pre-selection can already be made according to the parameters observed, e.g. by excluding certain UEs as potential GMs, e.g. if they do not meet specified criteria. In the case of the classic BMCA, certain attributes are specified, based on which the "best" GM is selected. For example, to exclude a GM candidate in further exemplary embodiments, the priority attributes may be lowered depending on the observed parameters for certain clocks. For example, in further exemplary embodiments, the priority "150" corresponds to a higher rank than the priority "160". In further exemplary embodiments, the lowering of priority attributes can therefore correspond to a change from "150" to "160", for example.

In addition to a BMCA-based pre-selection, further context information for an exclusion can also be defined in further exemplary embodiments. For example, if a movement profile of a UE shows that it is often out of range of other participants, this is inappropriate as GM in further exemplary embodiments, e.g., when the number of time reference changes is to be minimized according to further exemplary embodiments.

(Optional) Continuous monitoring and adjustment of potential GMs: From the remaining potential time references, eg GMs, a pre-selection of GMs can be made in further exemplary embodiments, eg at to optimize the actual change. In further exemplary embodiments, this intermediate step can be motivated, for example, by appointing a new GM ZR-A2 as quickly as possible in the event of the loss of an active GM ZR-A1, for example in order to maintain synchronization. However, since the circumstances can change continuously in further exemplary embodiments, for example due to a volatile network 10b, it is useful if the set of time reference candidates ZR-K′ also repeats, eg periodically, in further exemplary embodiments, eg can be organized in a list , is adjusted. In the event of a GM change, in further exemplary embodiments the next best possible GM candidate can be determined quickly using the sorted preselection, since in the ideal case complex calculations (eg determination of the time reference candidate itself) are no longer necessary. In further exemplary embodiments, the sorting of the list already follows a previously defined suitability criterion, for example. Alternatively or additionally, in further exemplary embodiments, an unsorted pre-selection contains a corresponding quantitative or qualitative suitability value (eg similar or identical to the first variable G1) for each determined GM candidate, which can be quickly evaluated in the event of a GM change. In further exemplary embodiments, the suitability of the GM candidates can be determined, for example, based on the measurement data and/or information or

Combinations of these are determined, for example calculated, e.g. from the radio channel properties and/or the context information and/or the correlations of this data between different UEs. In addition, in further exemplary embodiments, this step offers the possibility of already calculating the preselection or the corresponding configurations for an appointment of a new GM and possibly informing the participants within the time domain, for example in advance (before a change of the time reference). In the event of a GM change, the predefined configuration can then be “activated” directly in further exemplary embodiments, which further reduces delays.

• (optional) Continuous monitoring and change of the GM: In this step, the actual change is made in further exemplary embodiments, eg taking into account the potential time references or GMs, eg characterizable by the time reference candidates ZR-K' (Fig. 3, 4). In further exemplary embodiments, this step can be carried out either preventively, for example when a UE is about to log off or its signal strength is continuously decreasing, or already after the UE is no longer available (for example due to an unexpected signal loss). If, in further exemplary embodiments, a pre-selection has already been made, e.g. in the form of a list sorted according to suitability, the need for a GM change in further exemplary embodiments can also result from changes within this pre-selection, which in further exemplary embodiments has been adjusted, for example, on the basis of, for example, continuous monitoring of relevant criteria. Possible criteria in further exemplary embodiments are, for example: o The current GM has lost a certain number of ranks in the list, o The list has changed decisively, eg measured by a suitable distance measure.

Furthermore, in further exemplary embodiments, the need for a GM change can be determined by, e.g. continuous, monitoring of the above exemplary parameters and/or context information, which in further exemplary embodiments can include, for example, one or more of the following points: o On in further value (e.g. the received power) which is important in exemplary embodiments has fallen below a specified threshold value. o The probability of an impending handover has increased above a specified threshold in further exemplary embodiments or has already been initiated but not yet executed. o A UE acting as a GM in further exemplary embodiments is ordered to a location out of range of the current time domain or deactivated by a process controller, for example.

Has the controller 200, 200a, 200b recognized the need to change the time reference (e.g. GM change), for example based on the Determining the first variable G1, in further exemplary embodiments it can initiate a process for changing the time reference.

As an example, the IEEE 802.1AS standard provides two variants for the selection of the GM, which can be used in further exemplary embodiments for changing the time reference:

A) Using the BMCA to choose a GM and construct a time synchronization spanning tree. The GM represents the origin of the spanning tree. In this case, the results of the BMCA are used to automatically configure the PTP port parameters. b) Dedicated configuration of the PTP port parameters that force a specific GM instance as the origin of the spanning tree.

Since the configuration mentioned above can generate a comparatively large control overhead in further exemplary embodiments - e.g. depending on the implementation - it is advisable in further exemplary embodiments, for example, in the second step, e.g. when selecting potential GMs, to use a backup configuration, e.g To preconfigure the form of a spanning tree or dedicated port parameters in the corresponding network participants, which, as described above by way of example, is only to be activated in further exemplary embodiments if necessary.

In case A) (“Use of the BMCA”) given as an example above, it must be taken into account in further exemplary embodiments that the result of an automatic GM selection, e.g. without further adjustments, can lead back to the already existing configuration, ie the same network element, eg UE, would again be given the role of GM. It can therefore be useful in further exemplary embodiments for the controller 200, 200a, 200b to intervene in the system identity parameters (system identity, IEEE 802.1AS-2011) of the local clock of a time reference candidate (eg UE). The IEEE 802.1AS-2011 standard defines the "system identity" attribute for direct comparison of potential GM candidates. Accordingly, system identity is made up of a series of the following attributes: 1st priority 1st

2. clockClass

3. clockAccuracy

4. offsetScaledLogVariance

5. priority2

6. clockidentity

In further exemplary embodiments, the controller 200, 200a, 200b can modify the attributes (e.g. based on the preselection of the time reference candidates) in such a way that the BMCA, e.g. due to a changed priority attribute priority 1 of the local clock, uses the clock of another UE as recognizes a better time reference.

With a conventional BMCA, on the other hand, a static system identity is provided which, for example, does not change over time (or only in the event of a hard reconfiguration). The values for a conventional BMCA are also topology-independent and only refer to the quality of the clocks themselves.

In contrast, exemplary embodiments provide at least temporarily one or more of the following changes: 1. systemidentity can change during operation (for example without a hard reconfiguration). 2. Attributes in the system identity take into account parameters that are not directly related to the clock, but e.g. to the achievable synchronization accuracy, such as a channel quality of the GM, or "how many hops is the GM away from all slaves?", etc .

Further exemplary embodiments provide, for example, the following two variants for integrating the BMCA:

1. In further exemplary embodiments, the BMCA is deliberately (eg proactively) initiated, eg by the controller 200, 200a, 200b, eg in order to bring about a timely GM change. In this case, the attributes (eg priority 1) are adjusted in further exemplary embodiments according to the preselection, eg in order to influence the result of the BMCA. In further exemplary embodiments, the controller 200, 200a, 200b knows, e.g. through a configured cycle time with which the nodes (e.g. time reference candidates) send announce messages (according to PTP) and provide information on the election of the best time master, how long it takes to trigger a new election of the GM. This time information can be used in further exemplary embodiments to have effected a GM change by a certain point in time.

2. The BMCA is used in further exemplary embodiments to create the (sorted) pre-selection of suitable GM candidates. As described above by way of example, it is planned to combine the results of the BMCA with further criteria and context information (e.g. channel properties).

If the configuration of the PTP port parameters does not take place automatically on the basis of the BMCA results in further exemplary embodiments, the PTP port parameters can be configured specifically in further exemplary embodiments according to variant b) provided in IEEE 802.1 AS. In further exemplary embodiments, this can be done, for example, on the basis of the generated pre-selection and the GM candidate with the best suitability identified thereby.

11 schematically shows an exemplary implementation of a system 1 according to further exemplary embodiments. Block 200c symbolizes an example of a controller, e.g. similar or identical to the configuration 200 according to FIG. 8. Block 10c symbolizes an example of a network 10c, having a 5G system 10c-1 and at least one mobile device, e.g.

According to further exemplary embodiments, the controller 200c has a monitoring function e1, which collects the information provided by the network 10c and possibly further sensors SENS about the current and predicted state (e.g. also having position information) of the system or network 10c, see arrows a4, a5, a6 and optionally, e.g. aggregated if useful.

In further exemplary embodiments, a database, for example a "requirements data base", e2 is provided, in which, for example, by an application e3 and/or an administrator e4, for example manually specified requirements are stored.

In further exemplary embodiments, an analysis device, e.g. "Situation Analysis Unit" e5, is provided, which compares, e.g., the results of both function blocks e3, e4, and e.g. analyzes the results of both function blocks e3, e4, e.g . This analysis can be optimized in further exemplary embodiments, e.g. supported by AI-based algorithms, e.g. based on historical data. In further exemplary embodiments, the result of the analysis is passed to an execution unit, e.g. Action & Deployment Unit, e6, which in further exemplary embodiments, e.g. either causes the reconfiguration in the network 10c with the help of a suitable trigger signal or the parameters required for the reconfiguration directly in the Network 10c rolls out.

FIG. 12 shows an exemplary sequence according to further exemplary embodiments, in which no pre-selection of time reference candidates takes place, for example. Element e10 symbolizes that the controller 200c (Fig. 11) collects information about the network 10, e.g. The elements e11, e12 symbolize a comparison, for example a comparison, of a current state of the system 1 with given requirements and criteria which result, for example, in whether at least one component of the system 1, for example the network 10c, needs to be adjusted. If no adjustment is required, the observation of the network 10c is continued, for example, without further action, see transition a10 from block e12 to e10. If an adjustment is required, in further exemplary embodiments an appropriate new configuration is calculated, see the transition a11 from block e12 to block e13. In further exemplary embodiments, the network 10c is adapted according to the result from step 3, see block e14. The monitoring of network 10c, for example, is then continued, see arrow a12 and block e10.

In further exemplary embodiments, the functions of the blocks e1, e2, e5, e6 can be implemented, for example, by means of the configuration 200 according to FIG. A Data exchange, for example, with the blocks 10c-1, 10c-2, SENS, e3, e4 can be carried out via the interface 206, for example.

FIG. 13 shows an expanded exemplary sequence according to further exemplary embodiments, in which a preselection of time reference candidates takes place, for example. In block e20, the controller 200c (FIG. 11) creates, for example, a selection of fundamentally suitable configurations, for example using predetermined criteria. In block e21 the controller 200c collects, e.g., continuously, information about the network 10c. In blocks e22, e23, the current status of the system or network 10c is compared, for example, with given requirements and/or criteria. If no adjustment is required, observation of the network continues without further action, see arrow a20 and block e21. If the pre-selection made needs to be corrected, see block e23, it is adapted to the new circumstances, for example by pre-selecting suitable configurations, see block e24. If a reconfiguration is also required, e.g. for a GM change, see block e25, this is determined, for example, using the existing pre-selection and the adaptation of the parameters is calculated, see block e26. In further exemplary embodiments, the network 10c is adapted, for example, according to the result of block e26, see block e27. Then, for example, the observation of the network is continued, see arrow a21 and block e21.

An important part of a time-critical transmission in a network is the synchronization of the local clocks of all nodes involved in the transmission. Within the framework of TSN, use of the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) described in IEEE 1588 is specified for some conventional systems in IEEE 802.1AS. A suitable component in the network is selected as the time master, which distributes its time information in the network so that all other components can be relatively or absolutely synchronized. The time master is selected by the Best Master Clock Algorithm (BMCA), which is used by each node to determine the best time master. The underlying parameters include a manually (statically) assigned priority, clock class (or type/quality, definition according to IEEE 1588), time accuracy, variance, type and MAC address. The duration for delivery the time master role can take several seconds on some conventional systems.

A continuous synchronization of network components is of particular importance in exemplary embodiments, e.g. for time-critical applications, e.g. in the industrial and automotive environment. For example, a failure of components due to loss of synchronization is to be avoided. For example, both high availability of a time master and high synchronization accuracy must be ensured. While the conventional BMCA enables a dynamic change of the time master, it is not designed to guarantee a timely provision of an alternative time master source, e.g. in the case of frequent and regular failures of the time master.

In particularly volatile networks, as can be the case, for example, due to numerous mobile subscribers also in industrial 5G networks, frequent topology changes are to be expected in further exemplary embodiments. It is therefore necessary to change the time master quickly and efficiently during operation, on the one hand to ensure the permanent availability of a master timer, and on the other hand to avoid an undesirably high load on the network. In such scenarios, even a simple redundant design of the time master can be insufficient. For example, it may be necessary that there are always two or more time masters in a network (or a time domain) that are also synchronized with one another. As soon as one of the time masters is no longer available, another redundancy must already be established.

This can be achieved in further exemplary embodiments by the principle according to the embodiments. The principle according to the embodiments makes it possible, for example, to increase the general availability of an active time master, particularly in volatile networks. In some exemplary embodiments, this is achieved, for example, by detecting or predicting a failure of a time master, for example an impending failure, in good time. In further exemplary embodiments, appropriate (proactive) measures are taken, for example, in order to guarantee a fast GM change and, for example, a loss of synchronization in the event of a to prevent time master failure. For this purpose, in further exemplary embodiments, known indicators IND (eg influences from current channel conditions) and further context information KONT (eg mobility of the subscribers) are included, for example in the network 10, 10a, 10b, 10c. As a result, in further exemplary embodiments, a selection and appointment process for a time master can be significantly improved compared to some conventional methods (eg BMCA) and greater availability of the time reference can be ensured, for example.

In further exemplary embodiments, e.g. in the sense of an SDN-based network configuration, a logical centralized optimization with regard to different criteria can be carried out, e.g. by the device or the controller 200, 200a, 200b, 200c. In further exemplary embodiments, this also includes advance planning which, for example, controls a timely handover of the time master role in such a way that a new source as time reference ZR- 2 is established. The associated regular evaluation of available and suitable time master candidates ZR-K, ZR-K 'according to further exemplary embodiments as well as the e.g. proactive assignment of the time master role e.g procedures such as the BMCA.

Further exemplary embodiments, Fig. 14, relate to a use 300 of the method according to the embodiments and/or the device 200, 200a, 200b, 200c according to the embodiments and/or the network 10, 10a, 10b, 10c according to the embodiments and /or the computer-readable storage medium SM according to the embodiments and/or the computer program PRG according to the embodiments and/or the data carrier signal DCS according to the embodiments for at least one of the following elements: a) allocation 301 of a time reference role, b) optimization 302 of an allocation 301 a time reference role, c) proactive determination 303 of at least one potential future time reference ZR-K, d) determination 304 of at least one potential future time reference dependent on a context of at least one component UE1, UE2, . . . of the network, e) determination 305 of several Time reference candidates ZR-K', f) Excluding 306 potentially unsuitable time reference candidates, g) monitoring 307, for example continuous monitoring of whether a time reference candidate ZR-K is better suited as a time reference than a current time reference ZR1 according to at least one specifiable criterion, h) modifying 308 at least one identity parameter, for example system identity, according to IEEE 802.1AS-2011, for example a local clock, at least one component of the network, i) providing 309 at least one alternative time reference.

Claims

- 34 -

Expectations

1. Method, for example computer-implemented method, for processing data associated with at least one time reference for a network (10), comprising: determining (100) a future, for example possible, unavailability of a, for example current, first time reference (ZR1) for the Network (10) characterizing the first variable (G1), and, optionally, based on the first variable (G1), determining (102) at least one second time reference (ZR2) for the network (10).

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising: determining (110) at least one time reference candidate (ZR-K), for example a plurality of time reference candidates (ZR-K ¹ ), the determining (112) being repeated, for example periodically, for example .

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the determining (110) is performed while the first time reference (ZR1) is available.

4. The method according to at least one of claims 2 to 3, comprising: determining (115) a plurality of time reference candidates (ZR-K ¹ ), and, optionally, sorting (117) the plurality of time reference candidates (ZR-K ¹ ), For example based on at least one criterion (KRIT), for example the at least one criterion (KRIT) characterizes a period of availability of a time reference candidate (ZR-K ¹ ).

5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the determination (115) and/or sorting (117) is carried out at least temporarily based on a Best Master Clock Algorithm, BMCA, method, for example in accordance with IEEE 1588.

6. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one of the following elements: a) proactive and/or event-controlled initiation (120) of determining (100) the first variable - 35 -

(G1), b) proactive and/or event-controlled initiation (122) of determining (110) the at least one time reference candidate (ZR-K). Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, having at least one of the following elements: a) Execution (130) of determining (100) the first variable (G1) based on at least one of the following elements: a1) indicator (IND), for example quality indicator, characterizing an operation of at least one component of the network (10), a2) context information (KONT) associated with at least one component of the network (10), b) performing (132) determining (110) the at least one time reference candidate (ZR-K) based on at least one of the following elements: b1) indicator (IND), for example a quality indicator that characterizes operation of at least one component of the network (10), b2) context information (KONT) associated with at least one component of the network (10) are associated, for example the indicator (IND) characterizes channel conditions, for example a channel quality, for example a radio channel, wherein the context information (KONT) characterizes for example a mobility of the at least one component of the network (10), the mobility being characterizable for example is by position information and/or a movement profile. Method according to Claim 7, in which the network (10) has a plurality of participants who can establish a data connection at least in some areas using at least one radio channel (CH), the context information (KONT) having information relating to at least one, for example planned, handover process. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one of the following elements: a) using (140) a software-based network configuration (SDN-CFG), for example for at least part of the network, b) using (142) components (5G-KOMP ) for a cellular mobile network, for example, based on the 5G standard, for example. Device (200; 200a; 200b) for carrying out the method according to at least one of the preceding claims. 11. Network (10; 10a; 10b) having at least one device (200; 200a; 200b) according to claim 10.

A computer-readable storage medium (SM) comprising instructions (PRG) which, when executed by a computer (202), cause it to carry out the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 9.

13. Computer program (PRG), comprising instructions which, when the program (PRG) is executed by a computer (202), cause the latter to execute the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 9.

14. Data carrier signal (DCS) which transmits and/or characterizes the computer program (PRG) according to claim 13.

15. Use of the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 9 and/or the device (200; 200a; 200b) according to claim 10 and/or the network (10; 10a; 10b) according to claim 11 and/or the computer-readable storage medium ( SM) according to claim 12 and/or the computer program (PRG) according to claim 13 and/or the data carrier signal (DCS) according to claim 14 for at least one of the following elements: a) assigning (301) a time reference role, b) optimizing (302 ) an allocation (301) of a time reference role, c) proactive determination (303) of at least one potential future time reference, d) of a context of at least one component of the network (10; 10a; 10b; 10c) dependent determination (304) of at least one potential future time reference, e) determining (305) a plurality of time reference candidates (ZR-K ¹ ), f) excluding (306) potentially unsuitable time reference candidates (ZR-K ¹ ), g) monitoring (307), for example continuous monitoring, whether a time reference candidate (ZR-K ¹ ) according to at least one specifiable criterion is more suitable as a time reference than a current time reference, h) modifying (308) at least one identity parameter, for example system identity, according to IEEE 802.1AS-2011, for example a local one Clock, at least one component of the network (10a; 10b; 10c), i) providing (309) at least one alternative time reference.