WO2023093821A1 - 通信方法及装置 - Google Patents
通信方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023093821A1 WO2023093821A1 PCT/CN2022/134193 CN2022134193W WO2023093821A1 WO 2023093821 A1 WO2023093821 A1 WO 2023093821A1 CN 2022134193 W CN2022134193 W CN 2022134193W WO 2023093821 A1 WO2023093821 A1 WO 2023093821A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/3405—Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/3494—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems using non - square modulating pulses, e.g. using raised cosine pulses; Partial response QAM, i.e. with partial response pulse shaping
Definitions
- the present application relates to the communication field, and in particular to a communication method and device.
- Nyquist transmission In long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE), new air interface (new radio, NR) and other systems, Nyquist transmission (Nyquist) and super Nyquist transmission (faster-than-Nyquist, FTN) are widely used , to improve the spectral efficiency.
- Nyquist transmission rate the transmission rate of Nyquist transmission (hereinafter referred to as Nyquist transmission rate) is the limit transmission rate of transmission without intersymbol interference.
- the transmission rate of FTN is greater than the Nyquist transmission rate, but there is intersymbol interference.
- DAC digital-to-analog converter
- ADC analog -to-digital converter
- Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method and device, which are used to improve spectrum efficiency in a UHF band.
- a communication method includes: the first device generates a first signal and sends the first signal.
- the first signal is a signal obtained by performing deceleration modulation on symbols, and the time interval between two symbols undergoing deceleration modulation is greater than the time interval between the two symbols without deceleration modulation.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by performing deceleration modulation on symbols based on a pulse shaping filter, that is, deceleration modulation of a single carrier is realized.
- the first signal, the pulse shaping filter and the sign can satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- g(t) is the impulse response function of the pulse shaping filter
- a n is the nth symbol
- n is an integer ranging from -CP to N-1.
- CP is the index of the cyclic prefix
- CP can be an integer.
- the value of ⁇ is greater than 1, and based on adjusting the value of ⁇ , the symbol transmission rate of the deceleration modulation can be flexibly adjusted. For example, if ⁇ is set to 2, the deceleration modulation will appear as a symbol time interval that is twice as large; if ⁇ is set to 3, the deceleration modulation will be as a symbol time interval that is 3 times longer, and so on.
- t is a time variable
- T is a time interval between two adjacent symbols.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by decelerating symbols and spectrum shifting modulation based on a pulse shaping filter.
- the deceleration modulation (such as unipolar deceleration modulation) usually causes the first signal to have an impulse function (shown as a peak characteristic on the frequency spectrum), and based on the spectrum shift of the first signal, the impulse function can be compared with the first The spectral side lobes of the signal are coherently superimposed, thereby effectively suppressing or eliminating the peak characteristics of the spectrum, reducing the out-of-band leakage level of the signal, and improving the signal quality.
- the first signal, the pulse shaping filter and the sign can satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- g(t) is the impulse response function of the pulse shaping filter
- a n is the nth symbol
- n is an integer ranging from -CP to N-1.
- CP is the index of the cyclic prefix, and CP can be an integer.
- the value of ⁇ is greater than 1
- t is a time variable
- T is the time interval between two adjacent symbols
- 1/2T g is the amount of spectrum shift
- T g is the pulse duration of the pulse shaping filter.
- T g is much larger than T, that is, the amount of spectrum shift of the first signal is relatively small, so that the bandwidth of the first signal after spectrum shifting increases very little, so as to ensure spectrum efficiency.
- the first signal can be a signal obtained by decelerating the symbols based on the extended Fourier transform, the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform is greater than the number of matrix columns of the extended Fourier transform, and the extended Fourier transform
- the number of matrix columns of the Fourier transform is the same as the number of symbols, and the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform is the same as the number of subcarriers. In this way, deceleration modulation for multi-carriers can be realized.
- the matrix of the first signal, the extended Fourier transform and the sign may satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- K is the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform
- N is the number of matrix columns of the extended Fourier transform
- a n is the nth symbol
- e -j2 ⁇ kf(n) is The matrix elements of the extended Fourier transform
- ⁇ f is the subcarrier spacing
- T cp is The duration corresponding to the cyclic prefix in the first signal
- T sym is the duration corresponding to the original signal in the first signal.
- the ratio of K to N can be regarded as a deceleration factor of the multi-carrier signal, and the first device can flexibly adjust the symbol transmission rate of the deceleration modulation based on adjusting the deceleration factor. For example, if the ratio of K and N is set to 2, the deceleration modulation will appear as a symbol time interval increased by 2 times; if the ratio of K to N is set to 3, the deceleration modulation will appear as a symbol time interval increased by 3 times, and so on .
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by decelerating and phase-rotating the symbols based on the extended Fourier transform matrix.
- the phase rotation of different signals is different, that is, using sub-Nyquist transmission in the time domain
- the sparsity of different signals can be realized by time division multiplexing, which makes the multiple access method more flexible and the communication efficiency higher.
- the first signal may be the m-th signal among the M signals, and the phase rotation amount of the first signal may satisfy the following relationship:
- K is the number of rows of the extended Fourier transform matrix
- N is the number of columns of the extended Fourier transform matrix.
- the first signal may include multiple pilot blocks, the phases of the multiple pilot blocks are obtained based on phase rotation, and any two of the multiple pilot blocks have different phases after rotation, In order to reduce the multipath interference between pilot blocks and improve the accuracy of channel estimation.
- the number of pilot blocks can be P, and the phase rotation amount of the p-th pilot block in the P pilot blocks can satisfy the following relationship:
- the phases of the P pilot blocks after rotation are relatively randomly distributed on the complex number plane.
- the multipath interference of the P pilot blocks can also be relatively randomly distributed on the unit circle, thereby mutually inhibiting each other.
- the rotated phases of the P pilot blocks can be relatively evenly distributed on the unit circle of the complex number plane.
- the multipath interference of the P pilot blocks can also be relatively evenly distributed on the unit circle, so that they can be superimposed and canceled to further reduce the multipath interference between the pilot blocks.
- a communication method includes: the second device receives the first signal and demodulates the first signal.
- the first signal is a signal obtained by performing deceleration modulation on symbols, and the time interval between two symbols undergoing deceleration modulation is greater than the time interval between two symbols without deceleration modulation.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by decelerating symbols based on a pulse shaping filter.
- the first signal, the pulse shaping filter and the sign can satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- g(t) is the impulse response function of the pulse shaping filter
- a n is the nth symbol
- n is an integer ranging from -CP to N-1.
- CP is the index of the cyclic prefix, and CP can be an integer.
- the value of ⁇ is greater than 1, t is a time variable, and T is the time interval between two adjacent symbols.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by decelerating symbols and spectrum shifting modulation based on a pulse shaping filter.
- the first signal, the pulse shaping filter and the sign can satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- g(t) is the impulse response function of the pulse shaping filter
- a n is the nth symbol
- n is an integer ranging from -CP to N-1.
- CP is the index of the cyclic prefix, and CP can be an integer.
- the value of ⁇ is greater than 1, t is a time variable, T is the time interval between two adjacent symbols, 1/2T g is the amount of spectrum shift, and T g is the pulse duration of the pulse shaping filter.
- the first signal can be a signal obtained by decelerating the symbols based on the extended Fourier transform
- the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform is greater than the number of matrix columns of the extended Fourier transform
- the extended Fourier transform The number of matrix columns of the Fourier transform is the same as the number of symbols, and the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform is the same as the number of subcarriers.
- the matrix of the first signal, the extended Fourier transform and the sign may satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- K is the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform
- N is the number of matrix columns of the extended Fourier transform
- a n is the nth symbol
- e -j2 ⁇ kf(n) is The matrix elements of the extended Fourier transform
- ⁇ f is the subcarrier spacing
- T cp is The duration corresponding to the cyclic prefix in the first signal
- T sym is the duration corresponding to the original signal in the first signal.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by performing deceleration modulation and phase rotation modulation on symbols based on the extended Fourier transform matrix, and different signals have different phase rotation amounts.
- the first signal may be the m-th signal among the M signals, and the phase rotation amount of the first signal may satisfy the following relationship:
- K is the number of rows of the extended Fourier transform matrix
- N is the number of columns of the extended Fourier transform matrix
- the first signal may include multiple pilot blocks, phases of the multiple pilot blocks are obtained based on phase rotation, and any two pilot blocks among the multiple pilot blocks have different phases after rotation.
- the number of pilot blocks can be P, and the phase rotation amount of the p-th pilot block in the P pilot blocks can satisfy the following relationship:
- the embodiment of the present application provides a communication device.
- the device includes: a processing module and a transceiver module.
- the processing module is used to generate the first signal
- the transceiver module is used to send the first signal.
- the first signal is a signal obtained by performing deceleration modulation on symbols, and the time interval between two symbols undergoing deceleration modulation is greater than the time interval between the two symbols without deceleration modulation.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by decelerating symbols based on a pulse shaping filter.
- the first signal, the pulse shaping filter and the sign can satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- g(t) is the impulse response function of the pulse shaping filter
- a n is the nth symbol
- n is an integer ranging from -CP to N-1.
- CP is the index of the cyclic prefix, and CP can be an integer.
- the value of ⁇ is greater than 1, t is a time variable, and T is the time interval between two adjacent symbols.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by decelerating symbols and spectrum shifting modulation based on a pulse shaping filter.
- the first signal, the pulse shaping filter and the sign can satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- g(t) is the impulse response function of the pulse shaping filter
- a n is the nth symbol
- n is an integer ranging from -CP to N-1.
- CP is the index of the cyclic prefix, and CP can be an integer.
- the value of ⁇ is greater than 1, t is a time variable, T is the time interval between two adjacent symbols, 1/2T g is the amount of spectrum shift, and T g is the pulse duration of the pulse shaping filter.
- the first signal can be a signal obtained by decelerating the symbols based on the extended Fourier transform
- the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform is greater than the number of matrix columns of the extended Fourier transform
- the extended Fourier transform The number of matrix columns of the Fourier transform is the same as the number of symbols, and the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform is the same as the number of subcarriers.
- the matrix of the first signal, the extended Fourier transform and the sign may satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- K is the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform
- N is the number of matrix columns of the extended Fourier transform
- a n is the nth symbol
- e -j2 ⁇ kf(n) is The matrix elements of the extended Fourier transform
- []' is rounding
- ⁇ f is the subcarrier spacing
- T cp is the The duration corresponding to the cyclic prefix in the first signal
- T sym is the duration corresponding to the original signal in the first signal.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by performing deceleration modulation and phase rotation modulation on symbols based on the extended Fourier transform matrix, and different signals have different phase rotation amounts.
- the first signal may be the m-th signal among the M signals, and the phase rotation amount of the first signal may satisfy the following relationship:
- K is the number of rows of the extended Fourier transform matrix
- N is the number of columns of the extended Fourier transform matrix
- the first signal may include multiple pilot blocks, phases of the multiple pilot blocks are obtained based on phase rotation, and any two pilot blocks among the multiple pilot blocks have different phases after rotation.
- the number of pilot blocks can be P, and the phase rotation amount of the p-th pilot block in the P pilot blocks can satisfy the following relationship:
- the transceiver module may also include a sending module and a receiving module.
- the sending module is used to realize the sending function of the device described in the third aspect
- the receiving module is used to realize the receiving function of the device described in the third aspect.
- the device described in the third aspect may further include a storage module, where programs or instructions are stored in the storage module.
- the processing module executes the program or instruction
- the device can execute the method described in the first aspect.
- the device described in the third aspect may be a terminal or a network device, or may be a chip (system) or other components or components in a terminal or a network device that can be configured, or may be a device that includes a terminal or a network device , which is not limited in this application.
- the embodiment of the present application provides a communication device.
- the device includes: a processing module and a transceiver module.
- the transceiver module is used to receive the first signal
- the processing module is used to demodulate the first signal.
- the first signal is a signal obtained by performing deceleration modulation on symbols, and the time interval between two symbols undergoing deceleration modulation is greater than the time interval between two symbols without deceleration modulation.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by decelerating symbols based on a pulse shaping filter.
- the first signal, the pulse shaping filter and the sign can satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- g(t) is the impulse response function of the pulse shaping filter
- a n is the nth symbol
- n is an integer ranging from -CP to N-1.
- CP is the index of the cyclic prefix, and CP can be an integer.
- the value of ⁇ is greater than 1, t is a time variable, and T is the time interval between two adjacent symbols.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by decelerating symbols and spectrum shifting modulation based on a pulse shaping filter.
- the first signal, the pulse shaping filter and the sign can satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- g(t) is the impulse response function of the pulse shaping filter
- a n is the nth symbol
- n is an integer ranging from -CP to N-1.
- CP is the index of the cyclic prefix, and CP can be an integer.
- the value of ⁇ is greater than 1, t is a time variable, T is the time interval between two adjacent symbols, 1/2T g is the amount of spectrum shift, and T g is the pulse duration of the pulse shaping filter.
- the first signal can be a signal obtained by decelerating the symbols based on the extended Fourier transform
- the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform is greater than the number of matrix columns of the extended Fourier transform
- the extended Fourier transform The number of matrix columns of the Fourier transform is the same as the number of symbols, and the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform is the same as the number of subcarriers.
- the matrix of the first signal, the extended Fourier transform and the sign may satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- K is the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform
- N is the number of matrix columns of the extended Fourier transform
- a n is the nth symbol
- e -j2 ⁇ kf(n) is The matrix elements of the extended Fourier transform
- ⁇ f is the subcarrier spacing
- T cp is The duration corresponding to the cyclic prefix in the first signal
- T sym is the duration corresponding to the original signal in the first signal.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by performing deceleration modulation and phase rotation modulation on symbols based on the extended Fourier transform matrix, and different signals have different phase rotation amounts.
- the first signal may be the m-th signal among the M signals, and the phase rotation amount of the first signal may satisfy the following relationship:
- K is the number of rows of the extended Fourier transform matrix
- N is the number of columns of the extended Fourier transform matrix
- the first signal may include multiple pilot blocks, the phases of the multiple pilot blocks are obtained based on phase rotation, and any two pilot blocks in the multiple pilot blocks have different phases after rotation.
- the number of pilot blocks can be P, and the phase rotation amount of the p-th pilot block in the P pilot blocks can satisfy the following relationship:
- the transceiver module may also include a sending module and a receiving module.
- the sending module is used to realize the sending function of the device described in the fourth aspect
- the receiving module is used to realize the receiving function of the device described in the fourth aspect.
- the device described in the fourth aspect may further include a storage module, where programs or instructions are stored in the storage module.
- the processing module executes the program or instruction
- the device can execute the method described in the second aspect.
- the device described in the fourth aspect may be a terminal or a network device, or may be a chip (system) or other components or components in a terminal or a network device that can be configured, or may be a device that includes a terminal or a network device , which is not limited in this application.
- a communication device in a fifth aspect, includes: a processor. Wherein, the processor is configured to execute the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect.
- the device described in the fifth aspect may further include a transceiver.
- the transceiver may be a transceiver circuit or an interface circuit.
- the transceiver can be used by the device to communicate with other devices.
- the device described in the fifth aspect may further include a memory.
- the memory can be integrated with the processor or set separately.
- the memory may be used to store computer programs and/or data involved in the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect.
- the device described in the fifth aspect may be the terminal or network device in the first aspect or the second aspect, such as the first device or the second device, or a chip ( system) or other components or components, or devices that include the terminal or network equipment.
- a communication device in a sixth aspect, includes: a processor and a memory.
- the memory is used to store computer instructions, and when the processor executes the instructions, the device executes the method as described in the first aspect or the second aspect.
- the device described in the sixth aspect may further include a transceiver.
- the transceiver may be a transceiver circuit or an interface circuit.
- the transceiver can be used by the device to communicate with other devices.
- the device described in the sixth aspect may be the terminal or network device in the first aspect or the second aspect, such as the first device or the second device, or a chip ( system) or other components or components, or devices that include the terminal or network equipment.
- a communication device in a seventh aspect, includes: a logic circuit and an input and output interface. Among them, the input and output interface is used to receive the code instruction and transmit it to the logic circuit.
- the logic circuit is used to run code instructions to execute the method as described in the first aspect or the second aspect.
- the device described in the seventh aspect may be the terminal or network device in the first aspect or the second aspect, such as the first device or the second device, or a chip ( system) or other components or components, or devices that include the terminal or network equipment.
- a communication device in an eighth aspect, includes: a processor and a transceiver. Wherein, the transceiver is used for information exchange between the communication device and other devices, and the processor executes program instructions to execute the method as described in the first aspect or the second aspect.
- the device described in the eighth aspect may further include a memory.
- the memory can be integrated with the processor or set separately.
- the memory may be used to store computer programs and/or data involved in the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect.
- the device described in the eighth aspect may be the terminal or network device in the first aspect or the second aspect, such as the first device or the second device, or a chip ( system) or other components or components, or devices that include the terminal or network equipment.
- a communication system in a ninth aspect, includes one or more first devices, and one or more second devices.
- the first device is used to execute the method described in the first aspect
- the second device is used to execute the method described in the second aspect.
- a computer-readable storage medium including: a computer program or instruction; when the computer program or instruction is run on a computer, the computer is made to execute the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect.
- a computer program product including a computer program or an instruction, and when the computer program or instruction is run on a computer, it causes the computer to execute the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the waveform of Nyquist transmission
- Fig. 2 is the waveform schematic diagram of super-Nyquist transmission
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic flow diagram of a single carrier signal in a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic waveform diagram of a multi-carrier signal in a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 7 is a first schematic flow diagram of a multi-carrier signal in a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic waveform diagram of a carrier signal in a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 9 is a second schematic flow diagram of a multi-carrier signal in a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 10 is a third schematic flow diagram of a multi-carrier signal in a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 11 is a first schematic diagram of a frame structure of a signal in a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 12 is a first simulation schematic diagram of the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 13 is a second schematic diagram of a frame structure of a signal in a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 14 is a second schematic diagram of the simulation of the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 15 is a first structural schematic diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 16 is a second structural schematic diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 17 is a third structural schematic diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- a waveform can represent the distribution of a signal in time or frequency.
- 3GPP 3rd generation partnership project
- the global system gor mobile communications (GSM) is a waveform modulated by Gaussian filtered minimum shift keying (GMSK) technology.
- GMSK Gaussian filtered minimum shift keying
- the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) uses a waveform modulated by a square root raised cosine filter with a roll-off coefficient of 0.22.
- the downlink transmission of the long term evolution (LTE) system adopts the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform, and the uplink transmission adopts the low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) Single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) waveform.
- OFDM orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
- SC-FDMA Single-carrier frequency-division multiple access
- the downlink transmission of the new air interface (new radio, NR) system adopts OFDM waveform
- the uplink transmission can adopt OFDM or SC-FDMA waveform.
- waveforms are developing towards higher frequency bands.
- IEEE 802.15.4a has formulated an ultra-wideband communication protocol based on pulse radio for ultra-wideband communication
- IEEE 802.15.3d is for Asia-Pacific
- the Hertz frequency band has developed a communication protocol based on single-carrier modulation and on-off keying.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the waveform of Nyquist transmission.
- the amplitude position of symbol 1 in Figure 1 is symbol 0 and symbol 2, in this case, the Nyquist transmission rate is the limit transmission rate for transmission without intersymbol interference.
- the Nyquist transmission rate is equal to twice the baseband signal bandwidth; for digital bandpass transmission, the Nyquist transmission rate is equal to the bandpass signal bandwidth.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the FTN waveform.
- a single carrier on the basis of Nyquist transmission, by compressing the time-domain pulse interval, the symbol density can be increased, thereby improving the transmission rate and spectral efficiency.
- BPSK binary phase-shift keying
- the bit error rate of the FTN signal has no loss.
- high spectral efficiency frequency-division multiplexing (SEFDM) modulation can be used to ensure that the sub-carrier width remains unchanged and the sub-carrier spacing is compressed to achieve multi-carrier FTN.
- SEFDM frequency-division multiplexing
- FTN will introduce intersymbol interference, which makes it difficult to demodulate FTN signals.
- the Shannon channel capacity formula may be shown in Formula 1, and the free space path loss may be shown in Formula 2.
- C is the channel capacity
- B is the channel bandwidth
- n 0 is the noise power spectral density
- P r is the received power
- P t is the transmitted power
- c is the speed of light
- d is the propagation distance
- f c is the carrier frequency.
- Equation 3 it can be seen that when the received power and noise power spectral density are fixed, for narrowband transmission (B ⁇ 0), the channel capacity is proportional to the bandwidth. In the case of fixed received power, for broadband transmission (B ⁇ ), the channel capacity has no correlation with the bandwidth, and is directly proportional to the received power.
- LTE or NR frequency bands, and ultra-high frequency bands, such as sub-terahertz frequency bands or terahertz frequency bands as examples, the relationship between channel capacity and bandwidth can be shown in Table 1 below.
- the channel capacity increase factor of the LTE or NR frequency band is greater than that of the terahertz frequency band.
- bandwidth is the bottleneck of channel capacity.
- the received power is the bottleneck of the channel capacity.
- the use of FTN or Nyquist transmission not only cannot improve the spectral efficiency, but also requires high processing speed of DAC devices and ADC devices, and the hardware threshold is very high, so it is impossible to take into account various types of hardware .
- the signal cyclic prefix of the ultra-high frequency band is very long, resulting in the failure of FTN or Nyquist transmission to not only fail to improve the spectral efficiency, but to reduce the spectral efficiency.
- the embodiment of the present application proposes the following technical solutions to improve the spectral efficiency of the UHF band.
- WiFi wireless fidelity
- V2X vehicle-to-everything
- D2D device-to-devie
- Internet of Vehicles communication system 4th generation (4th generation, 4G) mobile communication system, such as LTE system, 5th generation (5th generation, 5G) mobile communication system, such as NR system, and future communication systems, such as 4G 6th generation (6th generation, 6G), etc.
- 4th generation (4th generation, 4G) mobile communication system such as LTE system
- 5th generation (5th generation, 5G) mobile communication system such as NR system
- future communication systems such as 4G 6th generation (6th generation, 6G), etc.
- future communication systems may also have other naming methods, which are still included in the scope of this application, and this application does not make any limitations on this.
- the present application presents various aspects, embodiments or features in terms of a system that can include a number of devices, components, modules and the like. It is to be understood and appreciated that the various systems may include additional devices, components, modules, etc. and/or may not include all of the devices, components, modules etc. discussed in connection with the figures. Additionally, combinations of these schemes can also be used.
- the network architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of the present application are for more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute limitations on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application.
- the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system to which the communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application is applicable.
- the communication system includes: a terminal and a network device.
- the above-mentioned terminal is a terminal that accesses the network and has a wireless transceiver function, or a chip or a chip system that can be installed in the terminal.
- the terminal may also be called user equipment (uesr equipment, UE), access terminal, subscriber unit (subscriber unit), subscriber station, mobile station (mobile station, MS), mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, User terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent or user device.
- the terminal in the embodiment of the present application can be mobile phone (mobile phone), cellular phone (cellular phone), smart phone (smart phone), tablet computer (Pad), wireless data card, personal digital assistant computer (personal digital assistant, PDA) ), wireless modem (modem), handheld device (handset), laptop computer (laptop computer), machine type communication (machine type communication, MTC) terminal, computer with wireless transceiver function, virtual reality (virtual reality, VR) Terminals, augmented reality (augmented reality, AR) terminals, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self driving, wireless terminals in remote medical, smart grid grid), wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart city, wireless terminals in smart home, vehicle-mounted terminals, RSUs with terminal functions, etc.
- the terminal of the present application may also be an on-vehicle module, on-vehicle module, on-vehicle component, on-vehicle chip, or on-vehicle unit built into the vehicle as one or more components or units.
- the above-mentioned network equipment is a device located on the network side of the above-mentioned communication system and having a wireless transceiver function, or a chip or a chip system that can be provided in the device.
- the network equipment may include: a next-generation mobile communication system, such as 6G access network equipment, such as a 6G base station, or a 6G core network element, or in the next-generation mobile communication system, the network equipment may also have other naming methods , which are all covered within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application, and the present application does not make any limitation thereto.
- the network device may also include 5G, such as a gNB in the NR system, or one or a group (including multiple antenna panels) antenna panels of a base station in 5G, or it may also be a gNB, a transmission point (transmission and reception point, TRP or transmission point, TP) or transmission measurement function (transmission measurement function, TMF) network node, such as baseband unit (BBU), or, CU, DU, roadside unit (road side unit) with base station function , RSU), or wired access gateway, etc.
- 5G such as a gNB in the NR system, or one or a group (including multiple antenna panels) antenna panels of a base station in 5G, or it may also be a gNB, a transmission point (transmission and reception point, TRP or transmission point, TP) or transmission measurement function (transmission measurement function, TMF) network node, such as baseband unit (BBU), or, CU, DU, roadside unit (road side unit) with base station function ,
- the network equipment may also include access points (access points, APs) in wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, WiFi) systems, wireless relay nodes, wireless backhaul nodes, various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations (also known as small stations), relay stations, access points, wearable devices, vehicle-mounted devices, and more.
- access points access points, APs
- wireless fidelity wireless fidelity, WiFi
- wireless relay nodes wireless backhaul nodes
- various forms of macro base stations such as macro base stations, micro base stations (also known as small stations), relay stations, access points, wearable devices, vehicle-mounted devices, and more.
- FIG. 4 is a first schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- the communication method can be applied to the communication between the first device and the second device, the first device can be a terminal or network device in the communication system shown in Figure 3, and the second device can be a terminal or network device in the communication system shown in Figure 3 terminal or network device.
- the communication method includes: S401, S402 and S403.
- the first device generates a first signal.
- the first signal is a signal obtained based on deceleration modulation of symbols.
- the first signal may be a single carrier signal or a multi-carrier signal.
- the number of symbols may be multiple, that is, multiple symbols (for convenience of description, the multiple symbols are referred to as the first sequence of symbols hereinafter).
- Each symbol can be a modulation symbol corresponding to any of the following adjustment methods: ⁇ /2-BPSK, on-off keying (OOK), amplitude-shift keying (ASK), quaternary Phase-shift keying (quadrature phase-shift keying, QPSK), or quadrature amplitude modulation (quadrature amplitude modulation, QAM), etc., are not limited to this, and may also be modulation symbols corresponding to any other possible modulation modes.
- the above deceleration modulation refers to increasing the time interval between symbols in the signal during the modulation process, that is, the time interval between two symbols undergoing deceleration modulation is greater than the time interval between the two symbols without deceleration modulation, so that the transmission rate of the signal can be reduced .
- the signal transmission rate without deceleration modulation is the Nyquist transmission rate
- the signal transmission rate after deceleration modulation is smaller than the Nyquist transmission rate, which can also be called sub-Nyquist transmission (slower-than- Nyquist signaling, STN) transmission rate.
- the signal transmission rate without deceleration modulation is the transmission rate of FTN
- the signal transmission rate after deceleration modulation is the Nyquist transmission rate, or the sub-Nyquist transmission rate.
- the signal transmission rate without deceleration modulation is a sub-Nyquist transmission rate (denoted as the initial transmission rate of sub-Nyquist transmission)
- the signal transmission rate after deceleration modulation may be smaller than the initial transmission rate.
- the deceleration modulation will be specifically introduced below by taking the first signal as a single carrier signal or the first signal as a multi-carrier signal as an example.
- the first signal may be a single-carrier signal obtained by decelerating symbols based on single-carrier quadrature amplitude modulation (single-carrier quadrature amplitude modulation, SC-QAM).
- SC-QAM can be implemented based on a pulse shaping filter, that is, the first signal is also a signal obtained by decelerating symbols based on a pulse shaping filter.
- the first signal, the pulse shaping filter and the sign can satisfy the relationship shown in Equation 4:
- Equation 4 s(t) is the first signal, g(t) is the impulse response function of the pulse shaping filter, a n is the nth symbol, and n is an integer ranging from -CP to N-1.
- the CP can be an integer, and the CP is the index of the cyclic prefix.
- the specific implementation of the cyclic prefix can refer to the following SC-QAM flow introduction, and will not be repeated here.
- a nmodN refers to the modulus of a n taking N.
- ⁇ can be defined as the deceleration factor (or any other possible name), with a value greater than 1. Based on adjusting the value of ⁇ , the first device can flexibly adjust the symbol transmission rate of the deceleration modulation.
- the deceleration modulation will appear as a symbol time interval that is twice as large; if ⁇ is set to 3, the deceleration modulation will be as a symbol time interval that is 3 times longer, and so on.
- t is a time variable
- T is a time interval between two adjacent symbols (hereinafter referred to as time interval).
- time interval There is a certain relationship between the time interval and the bandwidth. For different types of pulse shaping filters, the relationship between the time interval and the bandwidth is also different, which will be described in detail below.
- the pulse shaping filter is an ideal low-pass filter
- the ideal low-pass filter can satisfy the Nyquist transmission rate, that is, the product of the time interval and the bandwidth of the ideal low-pass filter is 1/2.
- the impulse response function of an ideal low-pass filter can be shown in Equation 5.
- the waveform of the impulse response function of the ideal low-pass filter in the time domain is a square wave.
- the bandwidth of the ideal low-pass filter and the frequency response of the ideal low-pass filter can satisfy the relationship shown in Equation 6.
- Equation 6 f is the frequency of the ideal low-pass filter, -B ⁇ f ⁇ B, and B is the bandwidth of the ideal low-pass filter.
- the pulse shaping filter is a square root raised cosine filter
- the square root raised cosine filter usually cannot meet the Nyquist transmission rate, but can satisfy the sub-Nyquist transmission rate, for example, the transmission rate of the square root raised cosine filter is 1/(1 of the Nyquist transmission rate + ⁇ ), that is, the product of the time interval and the bandwidth of the square root raised cosine filter is (1+ ⁇ )/2, and ⁇ is the roll-off coefficient, 0 ⁇ 1.
- the impulse response function of the square root raised cosine filter can be shown in Equation 7.
- Equation 7 it can be seen that the bandwidth of the ideal low-pass filter and the frequency response of the ideal low-pass filter can satisfy the relationship shown in Equation 8.
- Equation 8 f is the frequency of the square root raised cosine filter, -B ⁇ f ⁇ B, and B is the bandwidth of the square root raised cosine filter.
- the pulse shaping filter is a bandwidth limited filter
- the bandwidth-limited filter means that the bandwidth of the filter is a certain value.
- the bandwidth-limited filter usually cannot meet the Nyquist transmission rate, but can meet the sub-Nyquist transmission rate, that is, the product of the time interval and the bandwidth of the bandwidth-limited filter is greater than 1/2.
- the correlation expression of the bandwidth-limited filter can be shown in Equation 9.
- Equation 9 g(t) is the impulse response function of the bandwidth-limited filter, such as a Gaussian function.
- ⁇ is the maximum intersymbol interference allowed by the system. According to Equation 9, for any two symbols modulated by a bandwidth-limited filter, the time interval between these two symbols can make the intersymbol interference of these two symbols less than or equal to the maximum intersymbol interference allowed by the system, avoiding Communication reliability is affected due to high bit error rate.
- the first device may add a cyclic prefix to the first symbol sequence to obtain a second symbol sequence (the second symbol sequence includes the first symbol sequence and the cyclic prefix).
- the cyclic prefix may be at least part of symbols in the first symbol sequence. For example, there are N symbols in the first symbol sequence, expressed as [a 0 ,a 1 ,...,a N-1 ], where N is an integer greater than 1.
- the cyclic prefix can be expressed as [a N-CP ,a N-CP+1 ,...,a N-1 ], so that the second symbol sequence can be expressed as [a N-CP ,a N-CP+1 , ...,a N-1 ,a 0 ,a 1 ,...,a N-1 ].
- the first device may perform upsampling processing on the second symbol sequence to obtain a more continuous third symbol sequence in the time domain.
- the up-sampling process may be to perform interpolation on the second symbol sequence, for example, inserting "0" between adjacent symbols, so the up-sampling process is also called interpolation process.
- the upsampling process can be expressed as [a N-CP ,0,a N-CP+1 ,0,...,a N-1 ,0,a 0 ,0,a 1 ,0,... , a N-1 ].
- the first device may perform shaping filtering on the third symbol sequence based on the pulse shaping filter, so as to increase the time interval between adjacent symbols in the third symbol sequence, so as to obtain the first signal shown in Equation 4.
- the first signal can be based on multi-carrier orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, OFDM), or single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (single-carrier frequency-division multiple access, SC-FDMA), for symbols
- the multi-carrier signal obtained by deceleration modulation can be implemented based on extended Fourier transform (extended discrete fourier transform), that is, the first signal is also a signal obtained by decelerating symbols based on extended Fourier transform.
- the first signal, the pulse shaping filter and the sign can satisfy the relationship shown in Eq. 10 and Eq. 11:
- s(t) is the first signal
- K is the number of matrix rows (that is, the number of subcarriers) of the extended Fourier transform
- N is the number of matrix columns of the extended Fourier transform
- a n is the nth symbol
- e -j2 ⁇ kf(n) is the matrix element of the extended Fourier transform
- ⁇ f is the subcarrier spacing
- f(n) is a variable (for the specific implementation principle, please refer to the following related introduction)
- Tcp is The duration corresponding to the cyclic prefix in the first signal
- T sym is the duration corresponding to the original signal in the first signal.
- the ratio of K to N can be regarded as a deceleration factor of the multi-carrier signal, and the first device can flexibly adjust the symbol transmission rate of the deceleration modulation by adjusting the deceleration factor. For example, if the ratio of K and N is set to 2, the deceleration modulation will appear as a symbol time interval increased by 2 times; if the ratio of K to N is set to 3, the deceleration modulation will appear as a symbol time interval increased by 3 times, and so on .
- the matrix elements of the extended Fourier transform can be further expressed as [e -j2 ⁇ kf(n) ] 0 ⁇ k ⁇ K -1, 0 ⁇ n ⁇ N-1 .
- the first signal may be considered as a signal obtained by taking an N-dimensional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) sequence of symbols and replicating the integer times in the frequency domain. Every two symbols in the first signal are equally spaced, and there is no intersymbol interference. For example, as shown in (a) in FIG. 6 , symbol 0, symbol 1 and symbol 2 are equally spaced, and there is no intersymbol interference.
- DFT discrete Fourier transform
- the deceleration factor is a non-integer
- f(n) n/N in Formula 10
- the matrix elements of the extended Fourier transform can be further expressed as [e -j2 ⁇ kf(n) ] 0 ⁇ k ⁇ K-1, 0 ⁇ n ⁇ N-1
- the first signal may be considered as a signal obtained by uniformly mapping symbols to corresponding subcarriers.
- the symbols in the first signal are equally spaced, but there may be intersymbol interference.
- symbol 0, symbol 1, and symbol 2 are equally spaced, but intersymbol interference exists.
- the deceleration factor is a non-integer
- f(n) [nK/N]'/K in formula 10
- []' is rounding (such as rounding up or down, the present application
- the matrix elements of the extended Fourier transform can be further expressed as [e -j2 ⁇ k[nK/N]'/K ] 0 ⁇ k ⁇ K-1, 0 ⁇ n ⁇ N-1 .
- the first signal may be considered as a signal obtained by non-uniformly mapping symbols to corresponding subcarriers.
- the symbols in the first signal are not equally spaced, but there is no intersymbol interference.
- symbol 0, symbol 1 and symbol 2 are not equally spaced, but there is no intersymbol interference.
- the first device may perform extended Fourier transform on the first symbol sequence to obtain a fourth symbol sequence in the frequency domain. For example, there are N symbols in the first symbol sequence, expressed as: [a 0 ,a 1 ,...,a N-1 ], where N is an integer greater than 1.
- the fourth symbol sequence may have K symbols, expressed as [b 0 , b 1 , . . . , b K-1 ].
- the first device may perform up-sampling on the fourth symbol sequence to obtain the fifth symbol sequence. Wherein, the up-sampling process may be to interpolate the fourth symbol sequence, for example, inserting "0", so upsampling processing is also called interpolation processing.
- the NFFT can be the number of fast Fourier transform points, and the value is usually an integer power of 2.
- the fifth symbol sequence obtained by the up-sampling process can be expressed as [0,...,0,b 0 , b 1 ,...,b K-1 ,0,...,0].
- the first device may perform an inverse Fourier transform (inverse discrete fourier transform, IDFT) on the fifth symbol sequence to obtain a sixth symbol sequence, which may be expressed as
- the first device may add a cyclic prefix to the sixth symbol sequence to obtain the first signal shown in Formula 10.
- the cyclic prefix may be at least part of symbols in the sixth symbol sequence.
- the cyclic prefix can be expressed as In this way, the first signal can be expressed in the form of a sequence, for example, expressed as
- the first device sends a first signal.
- the second device receives the first signal.
- the first device may sequentially perform digital-to-analog conversion, frequency up-conversion, and power amplification on the first signal, and then send the first signal.
- the second device demodulates the first signal.
- the second device may obtain symbols based on demodulating the first signal.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a demodulation process.
- the second device may perform band-pass filtering, frequency down-conversion, and analog-to-digital conversion on the first signal to obtain the first signal as a digital signal.
- the second device may continue to perform matched filtering and down-sampling on the first signal to obtain a symbol sequence including a cyclic prefix.
- the second device removes the cyclic prefix of the symbol sequence, and then obtains symbols based on equalization processing, such as minimum mean square error equalization (optionally, maximum ratio combining processing may also be included).
- equalization processing such as minimum mean square error equalization (optionally, maximum ratio combining processing may also be included).
- the second device may perform down-sampling at a sub-Nyquist transmission rate, or may also perform down-sampling at a Nyquist transmission rate, which is not limited in this application.
- the first signal may also be a signal obtained by decelerating symbols and performing spectrum shift modulation based on a pulse shaping filter.
- deceleration modulation for example, unipolar deceleration modulation
- the first signal usually causes the first signal to have an impulse function (shown as a peak characteristic on the frequency spectrum).
- an impulse function shown as a peak characteristic on the frequency spectrum.
- the impulse response function of the pulse shaping filter is g(t)
- the power spectral density function of the first signal may be shown in Equation 12.
- Equation 12 P s (f) is the power spectral density of the first signal.
- a is a constant, which can range from 1 to positive infinity.
- ⁇ (f) and ⁇ (f-af s ) are impulse functions. It can be seen that the number of impulse functions is related to the value of f s , for example, the smaller f s is, that is, the greater the deceleration range of the first signal, the more impulse functions of the first signal.
- the signal if the signal is modulated by ⁇ /2-BPSK and satisfies the Nyquist transmission rate, the signal has no impulse function, that is, the signal shown in (a) in Figure 8 There are no spikes in the power spectral density.
- the signal if the signal adopts OOK modulation and satisfies the Nyquist transmission rate, the signal has a small amount of impulse function, that is, the signal power spectral density shown in (b) in Figure 8 There are a few spikes in .
- Equation 12 if the spectrum shift is performed on the first signal, the values of G(0) and G(af s ) will change accordingly, but the frequency domain position of the impulse function will not be changed, and the impulse function can be Coherently superimposed with the spectral sidelobe of the first signal, thereby effectively suppressing the peak characteristic of the spectrum, reducing the out-of-band leakage level of the signal, and improving the signal quality.
- the above-mentioned first signal, pulse shaping filter and symbol may also satisfy the relationship shown in formula 12:
- T g is the pulse duration of the pulse shaping filter, and in the power spectral density function, the zero interval of the side lobe of the first signal is the reciprocal of T g .
- 1/2T g is the amount of spectrum shift, which can be further expressed as shown in Equation 13.
- T g can be much larger than T, that is, the spectral shift of the first signal is relatively small, and close to the zero point interval of the side lobe of the first signal, that is, the first signal shifts nearly half of the zero point interval on the left and right sides of the spectrum, so that The side lobe after the frequency shift of the first signal can coherently superimpose with the impulse function, thereby being suppressed or eliminated.
- the impulse function can be eliminated by spectrum shifting; if the ratio of T g to T sym is a non-integer, the impulse function Excitation functions can be suppressed by spectral shifting. For example, as shown in (d) in Figure 8, the signal adopts OOK modulation to meet the sub-Nyquist transmission rate. If the ratio of T g to T sym is non-integer, the side lobe of the signal after spectrum shifting The impulse function on is suppressed, that is, the height of the peak on the side lobe is reduced.
- the signal adopts OOK modulation to meet the sub-Nyquist transmission rate, if the ratio of T g to T sym is an integer, then the signal on the sidelobe after spectrum shifting The impulse function is eliminated, i.e. there are no spikes on the side lobes.
- the spectrum shift amount of the first signal is relatively small, the increase of the bandwidth of the first signal after the spectrum shift is small, so as to ensure spectrum efficiency.
- the spectrum shift amount introduced above is only an example, and is not intended as a limitation.
- the first device may perform modulation by using a larger or smaller spectrum shift amount, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
- different signals correspond to different subcarriers, so as to realize frequency division multiplexing of different signals, making the multiple access mode more flexible, communication higher efficiency. As shown in FIG.
- the first device can perform some symbols (denoted as the first symbol, expressed as [a 0,0 ,a 1,0 ,,...,a N-1,0 ]) is extended Fourier transform, and the transformed first symbol (expressed as [b 0,0 ,b 1,0 ,,...,b K-1,0 ]) is mapped to The first subcarrier, and perform upsampling and IDFT (for specific implementation, please refer to the relevant introduction of the above-mentioned multi-carrier signal, and details will not be repeated), so as to obtain the first signal.
- the first device can perform extended Fourier transform on other symbols (denoted as the second symbol, expressed as [a 0,1 ,a 1,1 ,,...,a N-1,1 ]), and transform After the second symbol (expressed as [b 0,1 ,b 1,1 ,,...,b K-1,1 ]) is mapped to the second subcarrier, and upsampling and IDFT are performed (for specific implementation, please refer to The relevant introduction of the above multi-carrier signal will not be repeated), so as to obtain the second signal.
- the first subcarrier is different from the second subcarrier.
- the phase rotations of different signals are different, that is, the sparsity of sub-Nyquist transmission in the time domain is used to realize different signal rotations.
- the time-division multiplexing makes the multiple access mode more flexible and the communication efficiency higher.
- the first signal can be based on the extended Fourier transform matrix, and perform deceleration modulation and phase rotation on some symbols (denoted as the first symbol) (for example, the amount of phase rotation is ) modulated signal
- the second signal can be based on the extended Fourier transform matrix, and other symbols (referred to as the second symbol) are decelerated and phase-rotated (for example, the amount of phase rotation is ) modulated signal, and different.
- the first signal and the second signal may be mapped to the same subcarrier.
- the first device may perform extended Fourier transform on the first symbol (expressed as [a 0,0 ,a 1,0 ,,...,a N-1,0 ]), and The transformed first symbol (denoted as [b 0,0 ,b 1,0 ,,...,b K-1,0 ]) presses Perform phase rotation to obtain the rotated first symbol (expressed as [c 0,0 ,c 1,0 ,,...,c K-1,0 ]).
- the first device maps the rotated first symbol to the third subcarrier, and performs upsampling and IDFT (for specific implementation, refer to the relevant introduction of the above-mentioned multi-carrier signal, and details will not be repeated), so as to obtain the first signal.
- the first device may perform extended Fourier transform on the second symbol (expressed as [a 0,1 ,a 1,1 ,,...,a N-1,1 ]), and convert the transformed second symbol (expressed as [b 0,1 ,b 1,1 ,,...,b K-1,1 ]) press Phase rotation is performed to obtain the rotated second symbol (expressed as [c 0,1 ,c 1,1 ,,...,c K-1,1 ]).
- the first device maps the rotated second symbol to the third subcarrier, and performs upsampling and IDFT (for specific implementation, refer to the relevant introduction of the above-mentioned multi-carrier signal, and details will not be repeated), so as to obtain the second signal.
- the first signal may be the mth signal among the M signals, and the phase rotation amount of the first signal may satisfy the relationship shown in formula 14:
- Equation 14 K is the number of rows of the extended Fourier transform matrix, and N is the number of columns of the extended Fourier transform matrix. In this way, it can be ensured that different signals have different phase rotation amounts, and the distance between different signals is relatively large, and the intersymbol interference between different signals is relatively small, thereby improving signal quality.
- Equation 14 is only an exemplary way of determining the amount of phase rotation, and is not intended as a limitation.
- the first device can also use any other possible way to determine the amount of phase rotation of the first signal, for example, randomly determine the phase of the first signal amount of rotation.
- the first signal may include multiple pilot blocks (also referred to as reference signal blocks, such as demodulation reference signal (demodulated reference signal, DMRS) blocks),
- the phases of the multiple pilot blocks are obtained based on phase rotation, and any two of the multiple pilot blocks have different phases after rotation. In this way, the multipath interference between pilot blocks can be reduced, and the accuracy of channel estimation can be improved.
- the number of pilot blocks may be P, and the phase rotation amount of the p-th pilot block among the P pilot blocks may satisfy the relationship shown in Formula 15.
- the phases of the P pilot blocks after rotation are relatively randomly distributed on the complex number plane, so that the multipath interference of the P pilot blocks can also be relatively randomly distributed on the unit circle, thereby mutual suppression, To reduce multipath interference between pilot blocks.
- the rotated phases of the P pilot blocks can be relatively evenly distributed on the unit circle of the complex number plane. For example, as shown in Figure 11, there are 4 pilot blocks in total.
- the phase rotation of pilot block 1 is e -j ⁇ 0 ⁇ 1/4
- the phase rotation of pilot block 2 is e -j ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2/4
- the phase rotation of pilot block 2 is e -j ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2/4.
- the phase rotation amount of 3 is e -j ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3/4
- the phase rotation amount of pilot block 4 is e -j ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4/4 .
- the multipath interference of the P pilot blocks can also be relatively evenly distributed on the unit circle, so that they can be superimposed and canceled to further reduce the multipath interference between the pilot blocks.
- Equation 15 is only an exemplary way of determining the phase rotation amount of the pilot block, and is not intended as a limitation.
- the first device can also determine the phase rotation amount of the pilot block in any other possible way, such as randomly determining Phase rotation amount of the pilot block.
- Example 1 shows that in a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) channel in the UHF band, signal 1 (the signal modulated by 1/4 deceleration, shown by the dotted line) and signal 2 (signal without deceleration modulation, shown in solid line).
- NLOS non-line-of-sight
- signal 1 and signal 2 are guaranteed to have the same block error rate, the signal-to-noise ratio of signal 1 is smaller, the transmission performance is better, and the spectrum efficiency is higher. If it is guaranteed that signal 1 and signal 2 have the same signal-to-noise ratio, then signal 1 has a smaller block error rate, better transmission performance, and higher spectral efficiency.
- Example 2 (a) in FIG. 13 shows the signal pattern of signal a, which is a wideband signal, transmitted by Nyquist, and every 8 symbols are used for equalization. (b) in FIG. 13 shows the signal pattern of the signal b. The signal b is a narrowband signal, which is transmitted by Nyquist, and every 4 symbols are used for equalization. (c) in FIG. 13 shows a signal pattern of a signal c, wherein the signal c is a narrowband signal, transmitted by Nyquist, and every 3 symbols are used for equalization. (d) in FIG. 13 shows the signal pattern of the signal d, the signal d is a broadband signal, adopts burst transmission, and every 8 symbols are used for equalization. (e) in FIG.
- the signal e is a wideband signal, which adopts the sub-Nyquist transmission of deceleration modulation, and every 8 symbols are used for equalization.
- the signal characteristics of signal a-channel e may be as shown in FIG. 14 .
- Figure 14 it can be seen that in the case of the same bandwidth, that is, all narrowband signals, if the signal a, signal d, and signal e are guaranteed to have the same block error rate, the signal-to-noise ratio of signal e is smaller and the transmission performance is better. Well, it's more spectrally efficient.
- signal e has a smaller block error rate, better transmission performance, and higher spectral efficiency.
- signal b, signal c and signal e are guaranteed to have the same block error rate, the signal-to-noise ratio of signal e is also smaller, the transmission performance is better, and the spectral efficiency Also taller. If it is guaranteed that signal b, signal c, and signal e have the same signal-to-noise ratio, then the block error rate of signal e is also smaller, the transmission performance is better, and the spectral efficiency is also higher.
- the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application has been described in detail above with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 14 .
- the communication device for executing the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 15-17 .
- FIG. 15 is a first schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- a communication device 1500 includes: a transceiver module 1501 and a processing module 1502 .
- FIG. 15 shows only the main components of the communication device.
- the communication apparatus 1500 may be applicable to the communication system shown in FIG. 3 , and execute the function of the first device in the method shown in FIG. 4 .
- the processing module 1502 is configured to generate the first signal
- the transceiver module 1501 is configured to send the first signal.
- the first signal is a signal obtained by performing deceleration modulation on symbols, and the time interval between two symbols undergoing deceleration modulation is greater than the time interval between the two symbols without deceleration modulation.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by decelerating symbols based on a pulse shaping filter.
- the first signal, the pulse shaping filter and the sign can satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- g(t) is the impulse response function of the pulse shaping filter
- a n is the nth symbol
- n is an integer ranging from -CP to N-1.
- CP is the index of the cyclic prefix, and CP can be an integer.
- the value of ⁇ is greater than 1, t is a time variable, and T is the time interval between two adjacent symbols.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by decelerating symbols and spectrum shifting modulation based on a pulse shaping filter.
- the first signal, the pulse shaping filter and the sign can satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- g(t) is the impulse response function of the pulse shaping filter
- a n is the nth symbol
- n is an integer ranging from -CP to N-1.
- CP is the index of the cyclic prefix, and CP can be an integer.
- the value of ⁇ is greater than 1, t is a time variable, T is the time interval between two adjacent symbols, and T g is the pulse duration of the pulse shaping filter.
- the first signal can be a signal obtained by decelerating the symbols based on the extended Fourier transform
- the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform is greater than the number of matrix columns of the extended Fourier transform
- the extended Fourier transform The number of matrix columns of the Fourier transform is the same as the number of symbols, and the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform is the same as the number of subcarriers.
- the matrix of the first signal, the extended Fourier transform and the sign may satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- K is the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform
- N is the number of matrix columns of the extended Fourier transform
- a n is the nth symbol
- e -j2 ⁇ kf(n) is The matrix elements of the extended Fourier transform
- ⁇ f is the subcarrier spacing
- T cp is The duration corresponding to the cyclic prefix in the first signal
- T sym is the duration corresponding to the original signal in the first signal.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by performing deceleration modulation and phase rotation modulation on symbols based on the extended Fourier transform matrix, and different signals have different phase rotation amounts.
- the first signal may be the m-th signal among the M signals, and the phase rotation amount of the first signal may satisfy the following relationship:
- K is the number of rows of the extended Fourier transform matrix
- N is the number of columns of the extended Fourier transform matrix
- the first signal may include multiple pilot blocks, phases of the multiple pilot blocks are obtained based on phase rotation, and any two pilot blocks among the multiple pilot blocks have different phases after rotation.
- the number of pilot blocks can be P, and the phase rotation amount of the p-th pilot block in the P pilot blocks can satisfy the following relationship:
- the transceiver module 1501 may also include a sending module and a receiving module (not shown in FIG. 15 ).
- the sending module is used to realize the sending function of the communication device 1500
- the receiving module is used to realize the receiving function of the communication device 1500 .
- the communication device 1500 may further include a storage module (not shown in FIG. 15 ), where programs or instructions are stored in the storage module.
- the processing module executes the program or instruction
- the communication device 1500 can execute the function of the first device in the method shown in FIG. 4 .
- the processing module involved in the communication device 1500 may be implemented by a processor or a processor-related circuit component, and may be a processor or a processing unit;
- the transceiver module may be implemented by a transceiver or a transceiver-related circuit component, and may be a transceiver or transceiver unit.
- the communication device 1500 can be a terminal or a network device, or a chip (system) or other components or components that can be installed in a terminal or a network device, or a device that includes a terminal or a network device. This application There is no limit to this.
- the communication apparatus 1500 may be applicable to the communication system shown in FIG. 3 , and execute the function of the second device in the method shown in FIG. 4 .
- the transceiver module 1501 is used for receiving the first signal
- the processing module 1502 is used for demodulating the first signal.
- the first signal is a signal obtained by performing deceleration modulation on symbols, and the time interval between two symbols undergoing deceleration modulation is greater than the time interval between two symbols without deceleration modulation.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by decelerating symbols based on a pulse shaping filter.
- the first signal, the pulse shaping filter and the sign can satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- g(t) is the impulse response function of the pulse shaping filter
- a n is the nth symbol
- n is an integer ranging from -CP to N-1.
- CP is the index of the cyclic prefix, and CP can be an integer.
- the value of ⁇ is greater than 1, t is a time variable, and T is the time interval between two adjacent symbols.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by decelerating symbols and spectrum shifting modulation based on a pulse shaping filter.
- the first signal, the pulse shaping filter and the sign can satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- g(t) is the impulse response function of the pulse shaping filter
- a n is the nth symbol
- n is an integer ranging from -CP to N-1.
- CP is the index of the cyclic prefix, and CP can be an integer.
- the value of ⁇ is greater than 1, t is a time variable, T is the time interval between two adjacent symbols, and T g is the pulse duration of the pulse shaping filter.
- the first signal can be a signal obtained by decelerating the symbols based on the extended Fourier transform
- the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform is greater than the number of matrix columns of the extended Fourier transform
- the extended Fourier transform The number of matrix columns of the Fourier transform is the same as the number of symbols, and the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform is the same as the number of subcarriers.
- the matrix of the first signal, the extended Fourier transform and the sign may satisfy the following relationship:
- s(t) is the first signal
- K is the number of matrix rows of the extended Fourier transform
- N is the number of matrix columns of the extended Fourier transform
- a n is the nth symbol
- e -j2 ⁇ kf(n) is The matrix elements of the extended Fourier transform
- []' is rounding
- ⁇ f is the subcarrier spacing
- T cp is the first The duration corresponding to the cyclic prefix in the signal
- T sym is the duration corresponding to the original signal in the first signal.
- the first signal may be a signal obtained by performing deceleration modulation and phase rotation modulation on symbols based on the extended Fourier transform matrix, and different signals have different phase rotation amounts.
- the first signal may be the m-th signal among the M signals, and the phase rotation amount of the first signal may satisfy the following relationship:
- K is the number of rows of the extended Fourier transform matrix
- N is the number of columns of the extended Fourier transform matrix
- the first signal may include multiple pilot blocks, phases of the multiple pilot blocks are obtained based on phase rotation, and any two pilot blocks among the multiple pilot blocks have different phases after rotation.
- the number of pilot blocks can be P, and the phase rotation amount of the p-th pilot block in the P pilot blocks can satisfy the following relationship:
- the transceiver module 1501 may also include a sending module and a receiving module (not shown in FIG. 15 ).
- the sending module is used to realize the sending function of the communication device 1500
- the receiving module is used to realize the receiving function of the communication device 1500 .
- the communication device 1500 may further include a storage module (not shown in FIG. 15 ), where programs or instructions are stored in the storage module.
- the processing module executes the program or instruction
- the communication device 1500 can execute the function of the second device in the method shown in FIG. 4 .
- the processing module involved in the communication device 1500 may be implemented by a processor or a processor-related circuit component, and may be a processor or a processing unit;
- the transceiver module may be implemented by a transceiver or a transceiver-related circuit component, and may be a transceiver or transceiver unit.
- the communication device 1500 can be a terminal or a network device, or a chip (system) or other components or components that can be installed in a terminal or a network device, or a device that includes a terminal or a network device. This application There is no limit to this.
- FIG. 16 is a second structural schematic diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- the communication device may be a terminal device or a network device, or may be a chip (system) or other components or components that may be provided in the terminal device or the network device.
- a communication device 1600 may include a processor 1601 .
- the communication device 1600 may further include a memory 1602 and/or a transceiver 1603 .
- the processor 1601 is coupled with the memory 1602 and the transceiver 1603, such as may be connected through a communication bus.
- the components of the communication device 1600 are specifically introduced below in conjunction with FIG. 16 :
- the processor 1601 is the control center of the communication device 1600, and may be one processor, or may be a general term for multiple processing elements, or may also be called a logic circuit.
- the processor 1601 is one or more central processing units (central processing unit, CPU), may also be a specific integrated circuit (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), or is configured to implement one or more An integrated circuit, for example: one or more microprocessors (digital signal processor, DSP), or, one or more field programmable gate arrays (field programmable gate array, FPGA).
- CPU central processing unit
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- An integrated circuit for example: one or more microprocessors (digital signal processor, DSP), or, one or more field programmable gate arrays (field programmable gate array, FPGA).
- the processor 1601 can execute various functions of the communication device 1600 by running or executing software programs stored in the memory 1602 and calling data stored in the memory 1602 .
- the processor 1601 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 shown in FIG. 16 .
- the communication device 1600 may also include multiple processors, for example, the processor 1601 and the processor 1604 shown in FIG. 16 .
- processors can be a single-core processor (single-CPU) or a multi-core processor (multi-CPU).
- a processor herein may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data (eg, computer program instructions).
- the memory 1602 is used to store a software program for executing the solution of the present application, and is controlled by the processor 1601, so that the above-mentioned method shown in FIG. 4 is executed.
- the memory 1602 may be a read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, or a random access memory (random access memory, RAM) that can store information and
- ROM read-only memory
- RAM random access memory
- Other types of dynamic storage devices for instructions can also be electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical discs storage, optical disc storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media, or other magnetic storage devices, or capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and any other medium that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited to.
- the memory 1602 may be integrated with the processor 1601, or may exist independently, and be coupled to the processor 1601 through an interface circuit of the communication device 1600, or an input and output interface (not shown in FIG. 16 ). Not specifically limited.
- Transceiver 1603 used for communication with other communication devices.
- the communication apparatus 1600 is a terminal, and the transceiver 1603 can be used to communicate with a network device, or communicate with another terminal device.
- the communication apparatus 1600 is a network device, and the transceiver 1603 may be used to communicate with a terminal or communicate with another network device.
- the transceiver 1603 may include a receiver and a transmitter (not separately shown in FIG. 16 ). Wherein, the receiver is used to realize the receiving function, and the transmitter is used to realize the sending function.
- the transceiver 1603 may be integrated with the processor 1601, or may exist independently, and be coupled to the processor 1601 through an interface circuit (not shown in FIG. 16 ) of the communication device 1600, which is not made in this embodiment of the present application. Specific limits.
- the structure of the communication device 1600 shown in FIG. 16 does not constitute a limitation to the communication device, and an actual communication device may include more or less components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or Different component arrangements.
- FIG. 17 is a third schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- the communication device may be a terminal device or a network device, or may be a chip (system) or other components or components that may be provided in the terminal device or the network device.
- a communication device 1700 may include: a logic circuit 1701 and an input and output interface 1702. Among them, the input and output interface 1702 is used to receive code instructions and transmit them to the logic circuit 1701 .
- the logic circuit 1701 is used for executing code instructions to perform the above method.
- An embodiment of the present application provides a communication system.
- the communication system includes the above-mentioned one or more terminals, and one or more network devices.
- processor in the embodiment of the present application may be a CPU, and the processor may also be other general-purpose processors, DSP, ASIC, Field Programmable Gate Array FPGA or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices , discrete hardware components, etc.
- a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor, or the like.
- the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a nonvolatile memory, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile memories.
- the non-volatile memory may be ROM, programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM, PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), EEPROM or flash memory.
- Volatile memory can be RAM, which acts as external cache memory.
- RAM random access memory
- SRAM static random access memory
- DRAM dynamic random access memory
- SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
- Double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory double data rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM
- enhanced SDRAM enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory
- SLDRAM synchronous connection dynamic random access memory
- direct rambus RAM direct rambus RAM
- the above-mentioned embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware (such as circuits), firmware, or other arbitrary combinations.
- the above-described embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of computer program products.
- the computer program product comprises one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs or instructions are loaded or executed on the computer, the processes or functions according to the embodiments of the present application will be generated in whole or in part.
- the computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
- the computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server or data center Transmission to another website site, computer, server or data center by wired (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.).
- the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or a data center that includes one or more sets of available media.
- the available media may be magnetic media (eg, floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), optical media (eg, DVD), or semiconductor media.
- the semiconductor medium may be a solid state drive.
- At least one means one or more, and “multiple” means two or more.
- At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items.
- at least one item (piece) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, where a, b, c can be single or multiple .
- sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of the processes should be determined by their functions and internal logic, and should not be used in the embodiments of the present application.
- the implementation process constitutes any limitation.
- the disclosed systems, devices and methods may be implemented in other ways.
- the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
- the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
- multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented.
- the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
- the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
- each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
- the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
- the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes such as U disk, mobile hard disk, ROM, RAM, magnetic disk or optical disk.
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Abstract
本申请提供一种通信方法及装置,属于NR或LTE领域,用以提高超高频段的频谱效率。方法包括:第一设备生成第一信号,并发送第一信号。其中,第一信号为通过对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,两个符号经过减速调制的时间间隔大于该两个符号未经减速调制的时间间隔。
Description
本申请要求于2021年11月25日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202111417858.4、申请名称为“通信方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请涉及通信领域,尤其涉及一种通信方法及装置。
在长期演进(long term evolution,LTE),新空口(new radio,NR)等系统中,奈奎斯特传输(Nyquist)和超奈奎斯特传输(faster-than-Nyquist,FTN)被广泛采用,以提高频谱效率。其中,奈奎斯特传输的传输速率(以下简称奈奎斯特传输速率)为无码间干扰传输的极限传输速率。FTN的传输速率大于奈奎斯特传输速率,但存在码间干扰。
然而,在超高频段,例如亚-太赫兹(terahertz)频段,太赫兹频段等,奈奎斯特传输或FTN对数模转换(digital-to-analog converter,DAC)器件和数模转换(analog-to-digital converter,ADC)器件的处理速度要求很高,硬件门槛很高,无法兼顾各类型的硬件。此外,为对抗多径干扰,超高频段的信号循环前缀通常很长,导致奈奎斯特传输或FTN不仅无法提高频谱效率,反而会降低频谱效率。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种通信方法及装置,用以提高超高频段的频谱效率。
本申请采用如下技术方案:
第一方面,提供一种通信方法。该方法包括:第一设备生成第一信号,并发送第一信号。其中,第一信号为基于对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,两个符号经过减速调制的时间间隔大于该两个符号未经减速调制的时间间隔。
基于第一方面所述的方法可知,在超高频段下,由于器件的功率受限,基于减速调制增大符号之间的时间间隔并不会降低频谱效率。反之,增大符号之间的时间间隔不仅可以降低信噪比,还可以有效缩短信号的循环前缀长度,从而可以提高超高频段的频谱效率。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于脉冲成形滤波器对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,即实现单载波的减速调制。
可选地,第一信号、脉冲成形滤波器以及符号可以满足如下关系:
其中,s(t)为第一信号,g(t)为脉冲成形滤波器的冲激响应函数,a
n为第n个符号,n为取-CP至N-1的整数。CP为循环前缀的索引,CP可以为整数。α的取值大于1,基于调整α的大小,可以灵活的调整减速调制的符号传输速率。例如,设置α为2, 减速调制表现为增大2倍的符号时间间隔;设置α为3,减速调制表现为增大3倍的符号时间间隔,依此类推。此外,t为时间变量,T为相邻两个符号的时间间隔。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于脉冲成形滤波器,对符号进行减速以及频谱搬移调制得到的信号。可以理解,减速调制(例如单极性的减速调制)通常会导致第一信号存在冲激函数(频谱上体现为尖峰特性),基于对第一信号进行频谱搬移,使得冲激函数能够与第一信号的频谱旁瓣相干叠加,从而有效抑制或消除频谱的尖峰特性,降低信号带外泄漏水平,提高信号质量。
可选地,第一信号、脉冲成形滤波器以及符号可以满足如下关系:
其中,s(t)为第一信号,g(t)为脉冲成形滤波器的冲激响应函数,a
n为第n个符号,n为取-CP至N-1的整数。CP为循环前缀的索引,CP可以为整数。α的取值大于1,t为时间变量,T为相邻两个符号的时间间隔,1/2T
g为频谱搬移量,T
g为脉冲成形滤波器的脉冲持续时间。通常情况下,T
g远大于T,即第一信号的频谱搬移量比较小,使得频谱搬移后的第一信号的带宽增加很小,以保证频谱效率。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于扩展傅里叶变换对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数大于扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数与符号的数量相同,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数与子载波数相同。如此,可实现对多载波进行减速调制。
可选地,第一信号、扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵以及符号可以满足如下关系:
-T
cp≤t<T
sym;
其中,s(t)为第一信号,K为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数,N为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数,a
n为第n个符号,e
-j2πkf(n)为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵元素,f(n)=n/N,或者,f(n)=[nK/N]'/K,[]'为取整,Δf为子载波间隔,T
cp为所述第一信号中循环前缀对应的时长,T
sym为所述第一信号中原始信号对应的时长。
对于多载波信号而言,K和N的比值可认为是多载波信号的减速因子,第一设备基于调整减速因子的大小,可以灵活的调整减速调制的符号传输速率。例如,设置K和N的比值为2,减速调制表现为增大2倍的符号时间间隔;设置K和N的比值为3,减速调制表现为为增大3倍的符号时间间隔,依此类推。
可选地,第一信号可以为基于扩展傅里叶变换矩阵,对符号进行减速调制以及相位旋转调制得到的信号,不同信号的相位旋转量不同,即利用次奈奎斯特传输在时域上的稀疏性,以实现不同信号的时分复用,使得多址接入方式更加灵活,通信效率更高。
可选地,第一信号可以为M个信号中的第m个信号,第一信号的相位旋转量可以满足如下关系:
diag{1,e
-j2πm/MN,...,e
-j2πm(K-1)/MN};
其中,K为扩展傅里叶变换矩阵的行数,N为扩展傅里叶变换矩阵的列数。如此,可确保不同信号的相位旋转量不同,且不同信号之间的距离比较大,不同信号之间的码间干扰比较小,从而可以提高信号质量。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以包括多个导频块,多个导频块的相位为基于相位旋转得到,多个导频块中任意两个导频块旋转后的相位不同,以降低导频块之间的多径干扰,提高信道估计的准确性。
可选地,多个导频块可以为P个,P个导频块中第p个导频块的相位旋转量可以满足如下关系:
e
-jπμp(p+1)/P,0≤p≤P-1,1≤μ≤P-1。
根据上述关系可知,P个导频块旋转后的相位较为随机的分布在复数平面上,这样,P个导频块的多径干扰也可以较为随机的分布在该单位圆上,从而相互抑制,以降低导频块之间的多径干扰。进一步地,在μ和P互质情况下,P个导频块旋转后的相位可以较为均为的分布在复数平面的单位圆上。这样,P个导频块的多径干扰也可以较为均为的分布在该单位圆上,从而可以叠加抵消,以进一步降低导频块之间的多径干扰。
第二方面,提供一种通信方法。该方法包括:第二设备接收第一信号,并解调第一信号。第一信号为基于对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,两个符号经过减速调制的时间间隔大于两个符号未经减速调制的时间间隔。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于脉冲成形滤波器对符号进行减速调制得到的信号。
可选地,第一信号、脉冲成形滤波器以及符号可以满足如下关系:
其中,s(t)为第一信号,g(t)为脉冲成形滤波器的冲激响应函数,a
n为第n个符号,n为取-CP至N-1的整数。CP为循环前缀的索引,CP可以为整数。α的取值大于1,t为时间变量,T为相邻两个符号的时间间隔。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于脉冲成形滤波器,对符号进行减速以及频谱搬移调制得到的信号。
可选地,第一信号、脉冲成形滤波器以及符号可以满足如下关系:
其中,s(t)为第一信号,g(t)为脉冲成形滤波器的冲激响应函数,a
n为第n个符号,n为取-CP至N-1的整数。CP为循环前缀的索引,CP可以为整数。α的取值大于1,t为时间变量,T为相邻两个符号的时间间隔,1/2T
g为频谱搬移量,T
g为脉冲成形滤波器的脉冲持续时间。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于扩展傅里叶变换对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数大于扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数与符号的数量相同,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数与子载波数相同。
可选地,第一信号、扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵以及符号可以满足如下关系:
-T
cp≤t<T
sym;
其中,s(t)为第一信号,K为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数,N为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数,a
n为第n个符号,e
-j2πkf(n)为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵元素,f(n)=n/N,或者,f(n)=[nK/N]'/K,[]'为取整,Δf为子载波间隔,T
cp为所述第一信号中循环前缀对应的时长,T
sym为所述第一信号中原始信号对应的时长。
可选地,第一信号可以为基于扩展傅里叶变换矩阵,对符号进行减速调制以及相位旋转调制得到的信号,不同信号的相位旋转量不同。
可选地,第一信号可以为M个信号中的第m个信号,第一信号的相位旋转量可以满足如下关系:
diag{1,e
-j2πm/MN,...,e
-j2πm(K-1)/MN};
其中,K为扩展傅里叶变换矩阵的行数,N为扩展傅里叶变换矩阵的列数。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以包括多个导频块,多个导频块的相位为基于相位旋转得到,多个导频块中任意两个导频块旋转后的相位不同。
可选地,多个导频块可以为P个,P个导频块中第p个导频块的相位旋转量可以满足如下关系:
e
-jπμp(p+1)/P,0≤p≤P-1,1≤μ≤P-1。
此外,第二方面所述的装置的技术效果可以参考第一方面所述的方法的技术效果,此处不再赘述。
第三方面,本申请实施例提供一种通信装置。该装置包括:处理模块和收发模块。其中,处理模块,用于生成第一信号,收发模块,用于发送第一信号。第一信号为基于对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,两个符号经过减速调制的时间间隔大于该两个符号未经减速调制的时间间隔。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于脉冲成形滤波器对符号进行减速调制得到的信号。
可选地,第一信号、脉冲成形滤波器以及符号可以满足如下关系:
其中,s(t)为第一信号,g(t)为脉冲成形滤波器的冲激响应函数,a
n为第n个符号,n为取-CP至N-1的整数。CP为循环前缀的索引,CP可以为整数。α的取值大于1,t为时间变量,T为相邻两个符号的时间间隔。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于脉冲成形滤波器,对符号进行减速以及频谱搬移调制得到的信号。
可选地,第一信号、脉冲成形滤波器以及符号可以满足如下关系:
其中,s(t)为第一信号,g(t)为脉冲成形滤波器的冲激响应函数,a
n为第n个符号,n为取-CP至N-1的整数。CP为循环前缀的索引,CP可以为整数。α的取值大于1,t为时间变量,T为相邻两个符号的时间间隔,1/2T
g为频谱搬移量,T
g为脉冲成形滤波器的脉冲持续时间。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于扩展傅里叶变换对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数大于扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数与符号的数量相同,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数与子载波数相同。
可选地,第一信号、扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵以及符号可以满足如下关系:
-T
cp≤t<T
sym;
其中,s(t)为第一信号,K为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数,N为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数,a
n为第n个符号,e
-j2πkf(n)为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵元素,f(n)=n/N或者f(n)=[nK/N]'/K,[]'为取整,Δf为子载波间隔,T
cp为所述第一信号中循环前缀对应的时长,T
sym为所述第一信号中原始信号对应的时长。
可选地,第一信号可以为基于扩展傅里叶变换矩阵,对符号进行减速调制以及相位旋转调制得到的信号,不同信号的相位旋转量不同。
可选地,第一信号可以为M个信号中的第m个信号,第一信号的相位旋转量可以满足如下关系:
diag{1,e
-j2πm/MN,...,e
-j2πm(K-1)/MN};
其中,K为扩展傅里叶变换矩阵的行数,N为扩展傅里叶变换矩阵的列数。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以包括多个导频块,多个导频块的相位为基于相位旋转得到,多个导频块中任意两个导频块旋转后的相位不同。
可选地,多个导频块可以为P个,P个导频块中第p个导频块的相位旋转量可以满足如下关系:
e
-jπμp(p+1)/P,0≤p≤P-1,1≤μ≤P-1。
可选地,收发模块也可以包括发送模块和接收模块。其中,发送模块用于实现第三方面所述的装置的发送功能,接收模块用于实现第三方面所述的装置的接收功能。
可选地,第三方面所述的装置还可以包括存储模块,该存储模块存储有程序或指令。当处理模块执行该程序或指令时,使得该装置可以执行第一方面所述的方法。
需要说明的是,第三方面所述的装置可以是终端或网络设备,也可以是可设置终端或网络设备中的芯片(系统)或其他部件或组件,还可以是包含终端或网络设备的装置,本申请对此不做限定。
此外,第三方面所述的装置的技术效果可以参考第一方面所述的方法的技术效果,此处不再赘述。
第四方面,本申请实施例提供一种通信装置。该装置包括:处理模块和收发模块。其中,收发模块,用于接收第一信号,处理模块,用于解调第一信号。第一信号为基 于对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,两个符号经过减速调制的时间间隔大于两个符号未经减速调制的时间间隔。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于脉冲成形滤波器对符号进行减速调制得到的信号。
可选地,第一信号、脉冲成形滤波器以及符号可以满足如下关系:
其中,s(t)为第一信号,g(t)为脉冲成形滤波器的冲激响应函数,a
n为第n个符号,n为取-CP至N-1的整数。CP为循环前缀的索引,CP可以为整数。α的取值大于1,t为时间变量,T为相邻两个符号的时间间隔。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于脉冲成形滤波器,对符号进行减速以及频谱搬移调制得到的信号。
可选地,第一信号、脉冲成形滤波器以及符号可以满足如下关系:
其中,s(t)为第一信号,g(t)为脉冲成形滤波器的冲激响应函数,a
n为第n个符号,n为取-CP至N-1的整数。CP为循环前缀的索引,CP可以为整数。α的取值大于1,t为时间变量,T为相邻两个符号的时间间隔,1/2T
g为频谱搬移量,T
g为脉冲成形滤波器的脉冲持续时间。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于扩展傅里叶变换对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数大于扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数与符号的数量相同,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数与子载波数相同。
可选地,第一信号、扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵以及符号可以满足如下关系:
-T
cp≤t<T
sym;
其中,s(t)为第一信号,K为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数,N为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数,a
n为第n个符号,e
-j2πkf(n)为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵元素,f(n)=n/N,或者,f(n)=[nK/N]'/K,[]'为取整,Δf为子载波间隔,T
cp为所述第一信号中循环前缀对应的时长,T
sym为所述第一信号中原始信号对应的时长。
可选地,第一信号可以为基于扩展傅里叶变换矩阵,对符号进行减速调制以及相位旋转调制得到的信号,不同信号的相位旋转量不同。
可选地,第一信号可以为M个信号中的第m个信号,第一信号的相位旋转量可以满足如下关系:
diag{1,e
-j2πm/MN,...,e
-j2πm(K-1)/MN};
其中,K为扩展傅里叶变换矩阵的行数,N为扩展傅里叶变换矩阵的列数。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以包括多个导频块,多个导频块的相位为基 于相位旋转得到,多个导频块中任意两个导频块旋转后的相位不同。
可选地,多个导频块可以为P个,P个导频块中第p个导频块的相位旋转量可以满足如下关系:
e
-jπμp(p+1)/P,0≤p≤P-1,1≤μ≤P-1。
可选地,收发模块也可以包括发送模块和接收模块。其中,发送模块用于实现第四方面所述的装置的发送功能,接收模块用于实现第四方面所述的装置的接收功能。
可选地,第四方面所述的装置还可以包括存储模块,该存储模块存储有程序或指令。当处理模块执行该程序或指令时,使得该装置可以执行第二方面所述的方法。
需要说明的是,第四方面所述的装置可以是终端或网络设备,也可以是可设置终端或网络设备中的芯片(系统)或其他部件或组件,还可以是包含终端或网络设备的装置,本申请对此不做限定。
此外,第四方面所述的装置的技术效果可以参考第一方面所述的方法的技术效果,此处不再赘述。
第五方面,提供一种通信装置。该装置包括:处理器。其中,处理器,用于执行如第一方面或第二方面所述的方法。
一种可能的设计方案中,第五方面所述的装置还可以包括收发器。该收发器可以为收发电路或接口电路。该收发器可以用于该装置与其他装置通信。
一种可能的设计方案中,第五方面所述的装置还可以包括存储器。该存储器可以与处理器集成在一起,也可以分开设置。该存储器可以用于存储第一方面或第二方面所述的方法所涉及的计算机程序和/或数据。
在本申请中,第五方面所述的装置可以为第一方面或第二方面中的终端或网络设备,例如第一设备或第二设备,或者可设置于该终端或网络设备中的芯片(系统)或其他部件或组件,或者包含该终端或网络设备的装置。
此外,第五方面所述的装置的技术效果可以参考第一方面或第二方面所述的方法的技术效果,此处不再赘述。
第六方面,提供一种通信装置。该装置包括:处理器和存储器。其中,存储器用于存储计算机指令,当处理器执行该指令时,以使该装置执行如第一方面或第二方面所述的方法。
一种可能的设计方案中,第六方面所述的装置还可以包括收发器。该收发器可以为收发电路或接口电路。该收发器可以用于该装置与其他装置通信。
在本申请中,第六方面所述的装置可以为第一方面或第二方面中的终端或网络设备,例如第一设备或第二设备,或者可设置于该终端或网络设备中的芯片(系统)或其他部件或组件,或者包含该终端或网络设备的装置。
此外,第六方面所述的装置的技术效果可以参考第一方面或第二方面所述的方法的技术效果,此处不再赘述。
第七方面,提供一种通信装置。该装置包括:逻辑电路和输入输出接口。其中,输入输出接口,用于接收代码指令并传输至逻辑电路。逻辑电路用于运行代码指令以执行如第一方面或第二方面所述的方法。
在本申请中,第七方面所述的装置可以为第一方面或第二方面中的终端或网络设 备,例如第一设备或第二设备,或者可设置于该终端或网络设备中的芯片(系统)或其他部件或组件,或者包含该终端或网络设备的装置。
此外,第七方面所述的装置的技术效果可以参考第一方面或第二方面所述的方法的技术效果,此处不再赘述。
第八方面,提供一种通信装置。该装置包括:处理器和收发器。其中,收发器用于通信装置和其他装置之间进行信息交互,处理器执行程序指令,用以执行如第一方面或第二方面所述的方法。
一种可能的设计方案中,第八方面所述的装置还可以包括存储器。该存储器可以与处理器集成在一起,也可以分开设置。该存储器可以用于存储第一方面或第二方面所述的方法所涉及的计算机程序和/或数据。
在本申请中,第八方面所述的装置可以为第一方面或第二方面中的终端或网络设备,例如第一设备或第二设备,或者可设置于该终端或网络设备中的芯片(系统)或其他部件或组件,或者包含该终端或网络设备的装置。
此外,第八方面所述的装置的技术效果可以参考第一方面或第二方面所述的方法的技术效果,此处不再赘述。
第九方面,提供一种通信系统。该通信系统包括一个或多个第一设备,以及一个或多个第二设备。该第一设备用于执行如第一方面所述的方法,该第二设备用于执行如第二方面所述的方法。
第十方面,提供一种计算机可读存储介质,包括:计算机程序或指令;当该计算机程序或指令在计算机上运行时,使得该计算机执行第一方面或第二方面所述的方法。
第十一方面,提供一种计算机程序产品,包括计算机程序或指令,当该计算机程序或指令在计算机上运行时,使得该计算机执行第一方面或第二方面所述的方法。
图1为奈奎斯特传输的波形示意图;
图2为超奈奎斯特传输的波形示意图;
图3为本申请实施例提供的通信系统的架构示意图;
图4为本申请实施例提供的通信方法的流程示意图;
图5为本申请实施例提供的通信方法中单载波信号的流程示意图;
图6为本申请实施例提供的通信方法中多载波信号的波形示意图;
图7为本申请实施例提供的通信方法中多载波信号的流程示意图一;
图8为本申请实施例提供的通信方法中载波信号的波形示意图;
图9为本申请实施例提供的通信方法中多载波信号的流程示意图二;
图10为本申请实施例提供的通信方法中多载波信号的流程示意图三;
图11为本申请实施例提供的通信方法中信号的帧结构示意图一;
图12为本申请实施例提供的通信方法的仿真示意图一;
图13为本申请实施例提供的通信方法中信号的帧结构示意图二;
图14为本申请实施例提供的通信方法的仿真示意图二;
图15为本申请实施例提供的通信装置的结构示意图一;
图16为本申请实施例提供的通信装置的结构示意图二;
图17为本申请实施例提供的通信装置的结构示意图三。
下面介绍本申请实施例所涉及的技术术语。
1、波形
波形可以表示信号在时间或频率上分布情况。随着第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project,3GPP)的发展,波形也在相应变化。全球移动通信系统(global system gor mobile communications,GSM)采用高斯最小频移键控(gaussian filtered minimum shift keying,GMSK)技术调制的波形。通用移动通信系统(universal mobile telecommunications system,UMTS)采用滚降系数为0.22的平方根升余弦滤波器调制的波形。长期演进(long term evolution,LTE)系统的下行传输采用正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing,OFDM)波形,上行传输采用低峰均功率比(peak-to-average power ratio,PAPR)的单载波频分多址(single-carrier frequency-division multiple access,SC-FDMA)波形。新空口(new radio,NR)系统的下行传输采用OFDM波形,上行传输可采用OFDM或SC-FDMA波形。目前,波形在往更高频段发展,例如电气与电子工程师协会(institute of electrical and electronics engineers,IEEE)802.15.4a针对超宽带通信制定了基于脉冲无线电的超宽带通信协议,IEEE 802.15.3d针对亚太赫兹频段制定了基于单载波(single-carrier)调制和开关键控的通信协议。
2、奈奎斯特传输
请参阅图1,图1为奈奎斯特传输的波形示意图,对于理想低通信道(channel),相邻符号之间无码间干扰,例如图1中符号1的幅值位置为符号0和符号2的零点位置,这种情况下,奈奎斯特传输速率是无码间干扰传输的极限传输速率。比如,对于数字基带传输,奈奎斯特传输速率等于基带信号带宽的2倍;对于数字带通传输,奈奎斯特传输速率等于带通信号带宽。
3、FTN
请参阅图2,图2为FTN的波形示意图,对于单载波而言,在奈奎斯特传输的基础上,通过压缩时域脉冲间隔,可以提高符号密度,以此提高传输速率和频谱效率,从而实现FTN。对于单载波的FTN信号,在采用二进制相移键控(binary phase-shift keying,BPSK)调制时,如果压缩的时域脉冲间隔与原时域脉冲间隔(没有压缩的时域脉冲间隔)的比值大于或等于0.802,则该FTN信号的误码率无损失。对于多载波(multi-carrier)而言,可以采用高谱效频分复用(epectrally efficient frequency-division multiplexing,SEFDM)调制,保证子载波宽度不变,并压缩子载波间隔,以实现多载波的FTN。但是,FTN会引入码间干扰,导致FTN信号的解调难度比较大。
4、信道容量
香农信道容量公式可以为式1所示,自由空间路径损耗可以为式2所示。
其中,C为信道容量,B为信道带宽,n
0为噪声功率谱密度,P
r为接收功率,P
t为发射功率,c为光速,d为传播距离,f
c为载波频率。若接收功率和噪声功率谱密度确定,则根据式1和式2,C与B的关系可以进一步表示为式3所示。
根据式3可以看出,在接收功率和噪声功率谱密度固定的情况下,对于窄带传输(B→0),信道容量与带宽成正比。在接收功率固定的情况下,对于宽带传输(B→∞),信道容量与带宽没有相关关系,与接收功率成正比。以LTE或NR频段,以及超高频段,例如亚-太赫兹频段或太赫兹频段等为例,信道容量与带宽的关系可以如下表1所示。
表1
可以看出,在接收功率和噪声功率谱密度固定时,随着带宽增大,LTE或NR频段的信道容量增加倍数大于太赫兹频段的信道容量增加倍数。换言之,对于LTE或NR频段,带宽为信道容量的瓶颈。对于太赫兹频段,接收功率为信道容量的瓶颈。在超高频段,受限于接收功率,采用FTN或奈奎斯特传输不仅无法提高频谱效率,反而对DAC器件和ADC器件的处理速度要求很高,硬件门槛很高,无法兼顾各类型的硬件。此外,为对抗多径干扰,超高频段的信号循环前缀很长,导致FTN或奈奎斯特传输无法不仅无法提高频谱效率,反而会降低频谱效率。
综上,针对上述技术问题,本申请实施例提出了如下技术方案,用以实现提高超高频段的频谱效率。
本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统,例如无线保真(wireless fidelity,WiFi)系统,车到任意物体(vehicle to everything,V2X)通信系统、设备间(device-todevie,D2D)通信系统、车联网通信系统、第4代(4th generation,4G)移动通信系统,如LTE系统、第5代(5th generation,5G)移动通信系统,如NR系统,以及未来的通信系统,如第6代(6th generation,6G)等,当然,未来的通信系统也可以有其他命名方式,其仍然涵盖在本申请的包含范围内,本申请对此不做任何限定。
本申请将围绕可包括多个设备、组件、模块等的系统来呈现各个方面、实施例或特征。应当理解和明白的是,各个系统可以包括另外的设备、组件、模块等,并且/或者可以并不包括结合附图讨论的所有设备、组件、模块等。此外,还可以使用这些方案的组合。
另外,在本申请实施例中,“示例地”、“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请中被描述为“示例”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其它实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言,使用示例的一词旨在以具体方式呈现概念。
本申请实施例中,“信息(information)”,“信号(signal)”,“消息(message)”,“信道(channel)”、“信令(singaling)”有时可以混用,应当指出的是,在不强调其区别时,其所要表达的含义是一致的。“的(of)”,“相应的(corresponding,relevant)”和“对应的(corresponding)”有时可以混用,应当指出的是,在不强调其区别时,其所要表达的含义是一致的。此外,本申请提到的“/”可以用于表示“或”的关系。
本申请实施例描述的网络架构以及业务场景是为了更加清楚的说明本申请实施例的技术方案,并不构成对于本申请实施例提供的技术方案的限定,本领域普通技术人员可知,随着网络架构的演变和新业务场景的出现,本申请实施例提供的技术方案对于类似的技术问题,同样适用。
为便于理解本申请实施例,首先以图3中示出的通信系统为例详细说明适用于本申请实施例的通信系统。示例性地,图3为本申请实施例提供的通信方法所适用的一种通信系统的架构示意图。
如图3所示,该通信系统包括:终端和网络设备。
上述终端为接入网络,且具有无线收发功能的终端或可设置于该终端的芯片或芯片系统。该终端也可以称为用户设备(uesr equipment,UE)、接入终端、用户单元(subscriber unit)、用户站、移动站(mobile station,MS)、移动台、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置。本申请的实施例中的终端可以是手机(mobile phone)、蜂窝电话(cellular phone)、智能电话(smart phone)、平板电脑(Pad)、无线数据卡、个人数字助理电脑(personal digital assistant,PDA)、无线调制解调器(modem)、手持设备(handset)、膝上型电脑(laptop computer)、机器类型通信(machine type communication,MTC)终端、带无线收发功能的电脑、虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)终端、增强现实(augmented reality,AR)终端、工业控制(industrial control)中的无线终端、无人驾驶(self driving)中的无线终端、远程医疗(remote medical)中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线 终端、智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端、车载终端、具有终端功能的RSU等。本申请的终端还可以是作为一个或多个部件或者单元而内置于车辆的车载模块、车载模组、车载部件、车载芯片或者车载单元。
上述网络设备,例如接入网设备为位于上述通信系统的网络侧,且具有无线收发功能的设备或可设置于该设备的芯片或芯片系统。该网络设备可以包括:下一代移动通信系统,例如6G的接入网设备,例如6G基站,或者6G的核心网网元,或者在下一代移动通信系统中,该网络设备也可以有其他命名方式,其均涵盖在本申请实施例的保护范围以内,本申请对此不做任何限定。此外,该网络设备也可以包括5G,如NR系统中的gNB,或,5G中的基站的一个或一组(包括多个天线面板)天线面板,或者,还可以为构成gNB、传输点(transmission and reception point,TRP或者transmission point,TP)或传输测量功能(transmission measurement function,TMF)的网络节点,如基带单元(BBU),或,CU、DU、具有基站功能的路边单元(road side unit,RSU),或者有线接入网关等。此外,网络设备还可以包括无线保真(wireless fidelity,WiFi)系统中的接入点(access point,AP),无线中继节点、无线回传节点、各种形式的宏基站、微基站(也称为小站)、中继站、接入点、可穿戴设备、车载设备等等。
以上介绍了本申请实施例提供的通信方法所适用的通信系统,下面将结合图4-图13对本申请实施例提供的通信方法进行具体阐述。
示例性地,图4为本申请实施例提供的通信方法的流程示意图一。该通信方法可以适用于第一设备与第二设备间的通信,第一设备可以为图3所示的通信系统中的终端或网络设备,第二设备可以为图3所示的通信系统中的终端或网络设备。如图4所示,该通信方法包括:S401、S402和S403。
S401,第一设备生成第一信号。
其中,第一信号为基于对符号进行减速调制得到的信号。第一信号可以为单载波信号或者多载波信号。符号的数量可以为多个,即多个符号(为方便描述,以下将多个符号称为第一符号序列)。每个符号可以是如下任一种调整方式对应的调制符号:π/2-BPSK、开关键控(on-off keying,OOK)、幅移键控(amplitude-shift keying,ASK)、四进制相移键控(quadrature phase-shift keying,QPSK)、或正交幅度调制(quadrature amplitude modulation,QAM)等等,对此不限定,也可以是其他任何可能的调制方式对应的调制符号。上述减速调制是指在调制过程中增大信号中符号之间的时间间隔,即两个符号经过减速调制的时间间隔大于该两个符号未经减速调制的时间间隔,从而可以降低信号的传输速率。例如,如果未经减速调制的信号传输速率为奈奎斯特传输速率,则减速调制后的信号传输速率小于奈奎斯特传输速率,也可以称为次奈奎斯特传输(slower-than-Nyquist signaling,STN)的传输速率。又例如,如果未经减速调制的信号传输速率为FTN的传输速率,则减速调制后的信号传输速率为奈奎斯特传输速率,或者为次奈奎斯特传输速率。再例如,如果未经减速调制的信号传输速率为次奈奎斯特传输速率(记为次奈奎斯特传输的初始传输速率),则减速调制后的信号传输速率可以小于该初始传输速率。下面以第一信号为单载波信号,或者第一信号为多载波信号为例,对减速调制进行具体介绍。
情况A:单载波信号
其中,第一信号可以为基于单载波正交幅度调制(single-carrier quadrature amplitude modulation,SC-QAM),对符号进行减速调制得到的单载波信号。SC-QAM可以基于脉冲成形滤波器实现,即第一信号也为基于脉冲成形滤波器对符号进行减速调制得到的信号。这种情况下,第一信号、脉冲成形滤波器以及符号可以满足式4所示的关系:
在式4中,s(t)为第一信号,g(t)为脉冲成形滤波器的冲激响应函数,a
n为第n个符号,n为取-CP至N-1的整数。CP可以为整数,CP为循环前缀的索引,循环前缀的具体实现可以参考下述SC-QAM的流程介绍,在此不再赘述。a
nmodN是指a
n取N的模。α可以被定义为减速因子(或者其他任何可能的命名),取值大于1。第一设备基于调整α的大小,可以灵活的调整减速调制的符号传输速率。例如,设置α为2,减速调制表现为增大2倍的符号时间间隔;设置α为3,减速调制表现为增大3倍的符号时间间隔,依此类推。此外,t为时间变量,T为相邻两个符号的时间间隔(以下简称为时间间隔)。该时间间隔与带宽之间存在一定关系。对于不同类型的脉冲成形滤波器,该时间间隔与带宽之间的关系也不同,下面具体介绍。
方式11:脉冲成形滤波器为理想低通滤波器
其中,理想低通滤波器可以满足奈奎斯特传输速率,即时间间隔与理想低通滤波器的带宽的乘积为1/2。理想低通滤波器的冲激响应函数可以为式5所示。
根据上述式5可以看出,理想低通滤波器的冲激响应函数在时域上的波形为方波。理想低通滤波器的带宽与理想低通滤波器的频率响应可以满足式6所示关系。
在式6中,f为理想低通滤波器的频率,-B≤f≤B,B为理想低通滤波器的带宽。
方式12:脉冲成形滤波器为平方根升余弦滤波器
其中,平方根升余弦滤波器通常无法满足奈奎斯特传输速率,但可以满足次奈奎斯特传输速率,例如,平方根升余弦滤波器的传输速率为奈奎斯特传输速率的1/(1+β),即时间间隔与平方根升余弦滤波器的带宽的乘积为(1+β)/2,β为滚降系数,0≤β≤1。平方根升余弦滤波器的冲激响应函数可以为式7所示。
根据式7可以看出,理想低通滤波器的带宽与理想低通滤波器的频率响应可以满足式8所示关系。
在式8中,f为平方根升余弦滤波器的频率,-B≤f≤B,B为平方根升余弦滤波器的带宽。
方式13:脉冲成形滤波器为带宽受限滤波器
其中,带宽受限滤波器是指该滤波器的带宽为某个确定值。带宽受限滤波器通常无法满足奈奎斯特传输速率,但可以满足次奈奎斯特传输速率,即时间间隔与带宽受限滤波器的带宽的乘积大于1/2。带宽受限滤波器的相关性表达式可以为式9所示。
在式9中,g(t)为带宽受限滤波器的冲激响应函数,例如高斯函数。ε为系统允许的最大码间干扰。根据式9可知,对于带宽受限滤波器调制的任意两个符号,这两个符号之间的时间间隔,可以使得这两个符号的码间干扰小于或等于系统允许的最大码间干扰,避免因误码率过高而影响通信可靠性。
进一步地,请参阅图5,图5为SC-QAM的流程示意图。第一设备可以为第一符号序列添加循环前缀,得到第二符号序列(第二符号序列包括第一符号序列和循环前缀)。其中,循环前缀可以是第一符号序列中的至少部分符号。例如,第一符号序列中有N个符号,表示为[a
0,a
1,...,a
N-1],N为大于1的整数。循环前缀可以表示为[a
N-CP,a
N-CP+1,...,a
N-1],这样,第二符号序列可以表示为[a
N-CP,a
N-CP+1,...,a
N-1,a
0,a
1,...,a
N-1]。第一设备可以对第二符号序列进行上采样处理,获得时域上更连续的第三符号序列。其中,上采样处理可以是对第二符号序列进行插值,例如在相邻的符号之间插入“0”,因此上采样处理又称为插值处理。以第二符号序列表示为[a
N-CP,a
N-CP+1,...,a
N-1,a
0,a
1,...,a
N-1]为例,上采样处理得到的第三符号序列可以表示为[a
N-CP,0,a
N-CP+1,0,...,a
N-1,0,a
0,0,a
1,0,...,a
N-1]。第一设备可以基于脉冲成形滤波器对第三符号序列进行成形滤波,以增大第三符号序列中相邻符号之间的时间间隔,从而得到式4所示的第一信号。
情况B:多载波信号
其中,第一信号可以为基于多载波正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing,OFDM),或者单载波频分多址(single-carrier frequency-division multiple access,SC-FDMA),对符号进行减速调制得到的多载波信号。以SC-FDMA为例,SC-FDMA可以基于扩展傅里叶变换(extended discrete fourier transform)实现,即第一信号也为基于扩展傅里叶变换对符号进行减速调制得到的信号。这种情况下,第一信号、脉冲成形滤波器以及符号可以满足式10和式11所示的关系:
-T
cp≤t<T
sym (11);
在式10和式11中,s(t)为第一信号,K为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数(也即子载波的数量),N为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数,a
n为第n个符号,e
-j2πkf(n)为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵元素,Δf为子载波间隔,f(n)为变量(具体实现原理可以参考下述相关介绍),T
cp为第一信号中循环前缀对应的时长,T
sym为第一信号中原始信号对应的时长。对于多载波信号而言,K和N的比值可认为是多载波信号的减速因子,第一设备通过调整减速因子的大小,可以灵活的调整减速调制的符号传输速率。例如,设置K和N的比值为2,减速调制表现为增大2倍的符号时间间隔;设置K和N的比值为3,减速调制表现为为增大3倍的符号时间间隔,依此类推。
一种可能的方式中,如减速因子为整数,式10中f(n)=n/N,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵元素可以进一步表示为[e
-j2πkf(n)]
0≤k≤K-1,0≤n≤N-1。这种情况下,第一信号可以认为是将符号经过N维离散傅里叶变换(discrete fourier transform,DFT)后的序列,在频域复制该整数倍得到的信号。第一信号中的每两个符号等间距,且不存在码间干扰。例如图6中的(a)所示,符号0、符号1和符号2等间距,且不存在码间干扰。
另一种可能的方式中,减速因子为非整数,式10中f(n)=n/N,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵元素可以进一步表示为[e
-j2πkf(n)]
0≤k≤K-1,0≤n≤N-1,第一信号可认为是将符号均匀的映射到对应的子载波上得到的信号。这种情况下,第一信号中的符号等间隔,但可能存在码间干扰。如图6中的(b)所示,符号0、符号1和符号2等间距,但存在码间干扰。
又一种可能的方式中,减速因子为非整数,式10中f(n)=[nK/N]'/K,[]'为取整(例如向上取整或向下取整,本申请对此不限定),扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵元素可以进一步表示为[e
-j2πk[nK/N]'/K]
0≤k≤K-1,0≤n≤N-1。这种情况下,第一信号可认为是将符号非均匀的映射到对应的子载波上得到的信号。这种情况下,第一信号中的符号不等间隔,但不存在码间干扰。如图6中的(c)所示,符号0、符号1和符号2不等间距,但不存在码间干扰。
请参阅图7,图7为SC-FDMA的流程示意图。第一设备可以对第一符号序列进行扩展傅里叶变换,得到频域的第四符号序列。例如,第一符号序列中有N个符号,表示为:[a
0,a
1,...,a
N-1],N为大于1的整数。第四符号序列可以有K个符号,表示为[b
0,b
1,...,b
K-1]。第一设备可以对第四符号序列进行上采样,得到第五符号序列。其中,上采样处理可以是对第四符号序列进行插值,例如,在第四符号序列两侧分别插入
个“0”,因此上采样处理又称为插值处理。N
FFT可以为快速傅里叶变换点数,取值通常为2的整数次幂。以第四符号序列表示为[b
0,b
1,...,b
K-1]为例,上采样处理得到的第五符号序列可以表示为[0,...,0,b
0,b
1,...,b
K-1,0,...,0]。第一设备可以对第五符号序列进行傅里叶逆变换(inverse discrete fourier transform,IDFT),得到第六符号序 列,可以表示为
第一设备可以为第六符号序列添加循环前缀,得到式10所示的第一信号。其中,循环前缀可以是第六符号序列中的至少部分符号。例如,以第六符号序列表示为
为例,循环前缀可以表示为
这样,第一信号可以表示为序列的形式,例如,表示为
S402,第一设备发送第一信号。相应的,第二设备接收第一信号。
其中,经过上述图5或图7所示的流程得到第一信号后,第一设备可以对第一信号依次进行数模转换、上变频、以及功率放大,然后发送该第一信号。
S403,第二设备解调第一信号。
其中,第二设备基于对第一信号进行解调,可以得到符号。请参阅图8,图8为解调的流程示意图。第二设备可以对第一信号进行带通滤波、下变频、以及模数转换,得到为数字信号的第一信号。第二设备可以继续对第一信号进行匹配滤波以及下采样,得到包含循环前缀的符号序列。第二设备去掉该符号序列的循环前缀,再基于均衡处理,例如最小均方误差均衡(可选地,还可以包括最大比合并处理),以得到符号。需要指出的是,第二设备可以采用次奈奎斯特传输速率进行下采样,或者也可以采用奈奎斯特传输速率进行下采样,本申请对此不做任何限定。
综上,基于图4所示的方法可知,在超高频段下,由于器件的功率受限,减速调制增大符号之间的时间间隔并不会降低频谱效率。反之,增大符号之间的时间间隔不仅可以降低信噪比,还可以有效缩短信号的循环前缀长度,从而可以提高超高频段的频谱效率。
可选地,结合上述实施例,一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号还可以为基于脉冲成形滤波器,对符号进行减速以及频谱搬移调制得到的信号。
具体地,减速调制(例如单极性的减速调制)通常会导致第一信号存在冲激函数(频谱上体现为尖峰特性)。例如,符号为OOK或单极性ASK的调制符号,脉冲成形滤波器的冲激响应函数为g(t),该冲激响应函数对应的傅里叶变换可以表示为G(f)=F{g(t)}。第一信号的功率谱密度函数可以如式12所示。
在式12中,P
s(f)第一信号的功率谱密度。f
s为第一信号的码元传输速率,f
s=1/αT,即f
s与第一信号的符号间隔负相关。a为常量,可以取1到正无穷。δ
(f)和δ(f-af
s)为冲激函数。可以看出,冲激函数的数量与f
s的取值相关,比如f
s越小,也即第一信号的减速幅度越大,第一信号的冲激函数越多。例如图8中的(a)所示,如果信号采用π/2-BPSK调制,且满足奈奎斯特传输速率,则该信号没有冲激函数,即图8中的(a)所示的信号功率谱密度中没有尖峰。例如图8中的(b)所示如果信号采用OOK调制,且满足奈奎斯特传输速率,则该信号有少量的冲激函数,即图8中的(b)所示的信号功率谱密度中有少量尖峰。例如图8中的(c)所示如果信号采用OOK调制,且满足次奈奎斯特传输速率,例如1/4奈奎斯特传输速率,则该信号有大量的冲激函数,即图8中的(c)所示的信号功率谱密度中有大量尖峰。根据式12可知, 如果对第一信号进行频谱搬移,则G(0)和G(af
s)的取值会相应改变,但不会改变冲激函数的频域位置,还使得冲激函数能够与第一信号的频谱旁瓣相干叠加,从而有效抑制频谱的尖峰特性,降低信号带外泄漏水平,提高信号质量。
一种可能的实现方式中,上述第一信号、脉冲成形滤波器以及符号还可以满足式12所示的关系:
在式12中,T
g为脉冲成形滤波器的脉冲持续时间,在功率谱密度函数中,第一信号的旁瓣的零点间隔为T
g的倒数。1/2T
g为频谱搬移量,可以进一步表示为式13所示。
通常情况下,T
g可以远大于T,即第一信号的频谱搬移量比较小,且接近第一信号旁瓣的零点间隔,即第一信号在频谱上左右各平移近半个零点间隔,使得第一信号频谱搬移后的旁瓣能够与冲激函数可以相干叠加,从而被抑制或消除。需要指出的是,若T
g与T
sym(第一信号中原始信号对应的时长)的比值为整数,则冲激函数可以通过频谱搬移消除;若T
g与T
sym的比值为非整数,冲激函数可以通过频谱搬移抑制。例如,例如图8中的(d)所示,信号采用OOK调制,满足次奈奎斯特传输速率,如果T
g与T
sym的比值为非整数,则该信号通过频谱搬移后,其旁瓣上的冲激函数被抑制,即旁瓣上尖峰的高度降低。又例如图8中的(e)所示,信号采用OOK调制,满足次奈奎斯特传输速率,如果T
g与T
sym的比值为整数,则该信号通过频谱搬移后,其旁瓣上的冲激函数被消除,即旁瓣上没有尖峰。此外,由于第一信号的频谱搬移量比较小,使得频谱搬移后的第一信号的带宽增加很小,以保证频谱效率。
可以理解,上述介绍的频谱搬移量仅为一种示例性,不作为限定。例如,第一设备可以采用更大或者更小的频谱搬移量进行调制,本申请实施例不做任何限定。
可选地,结合上述实施例,一种可能的设计方案中,对于多载波信号,不同信号对应不同的子载波,以实现不同信号的频分复用,使得多址接入方式更加灵活,通信效率更高。如图9所示,以第一信号和第二信号为例,第一设备可以对一些符号(记为第一符号,表示为[a
0,0,a
1,0,,...,a
N-1,0])进行扩展傅里叶变换,将变换后的第一符号(表示为[b
0,0,b
1,0,,...,b
K-1,0])映射到第一子载波,并进行上采样和IDFT(具体实现可以参考上述多载波信号的相关介绍,不再赘述),从而得到第一信号。第一设备可以对另一些符号(记为第二符号,表示为[a
0,1,a
1,1,,...,a
N-1,1])进行扩展傅里叶变换,将变换后的第二符号(表示为[b
0,1,b
1,1,,...,b
K-1,1])映射到第二子载波,并进行上采样和IDFT(具体实现可以参考上述多载波信号的相关介绍,不再赘述),从而得到第二信号。第一子载波与第二子载波不同。
可选地,结合上述实施例,一种可能的设计方案中,对于多载波信号,不同信号的相位旋转量不同,即利用次奈奎斯特传输在时域上的稀疏性,以实现不同信号的时 分复用,使得多址接入方式更加灵活,通信效率更高。以第一信号和第二信号为例,第一信号可以为基于扩展傅里叶变换矩阵,对一些符号(记为第一符号)进行减速调制以及相位旋转(例如相位旋转量为
)调制得到的信号,第二信号可以为基于扩展傅里叶变换矩阵,对另一些符号(记为第二符号)进行减速调制以及相位旋转(例如相位旋转量为
)调制得到的信号,
与
不同。需要指出的是,在相位旋转量不同的情况下,第一信号和第二信号可以映射到相同的子载波。
例如图10所示,第一设备可以对第一符号(表示为[a
0,0,a
1,0,,...,a
N-1,0])进行扩展傅里叶变换,并将变换后的第一符号(表示为[b
0,0,b
1,0,,...,b
K-1,0])按
进行相位旋转,得到旋转后的第一符号(表示为[c
0,0,c
1,0,,...,c
K-1,0])。第一设备将旋转后的第一符号映射到第三子载波,并进行上采样和IDFT(具体实现可以参考上述多载波信号的相关介绍,不再赘述),从而得到第一信号。第一设备可以对第二符号(表示为[a
0,1,a
1,1,,...,a
N-1,1])进行扩展傅里叶变换,并将变换后的第二符号(表示为[b
0,1,b
1,1,,...,b
K-1,1])按
进行相位旋转,得到旋转后的第二符号(表示为[c
0,1,c
1,1,,...,c
K-1,1])。第一设备将旋转后的第二符号映射到第三子载波,并进行上采样和IDFT(具体实现可以参考上述多载波信号的相关介绍,不再赘述),从而得到第二信号。
一种可能的实现方式中,以第一信号为例,第一信号可以为M个信号中的第m个信号,第一信号的相位旋转量可以满足式14所示的关系:
diag{1,e
-j2πm/MN,...,e
-j2πm(K-1)/MN} (14);
在式14中,K为扩展傅里叶变换矩阵的行数,N为扩展傅里叶变换矩阵的列数。如此,可确保不同信号的相位旋转量不同,且不同信号之间的距离比较大,不同信号之间的码间干扰比较小,从而可以提高信号质量。当然,式14仅为确定相位旋转量的一种示例性方式,并不作为限定,第一设备也可以采用其他任何可能的方式确定第一信号的相位旋转量,例如随机确定第一信号的相位旋转量。
可选地,结合上述实施例,一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以包括多个导频块(也称为参考信号块,例如解调参考信号(demodulated reference signal,DMRS)块),多个导频块的相位为基于相位旋转得到,多个导频块中任意两个导频块旋转后的相位不同。如此,可以降低导频块之间的多径干扰,提高信道估计的准确性。
一种可能的实现方式中,多个导频块可以为P个,P个导频块中第p个导频块的相位旋转量可以满足式15所示的关系。
e
-jπμp(p+1)/P,0≤p≤P-1,1≤μ≤P-1, (15)。
根据式15可知,P个导频块旋转后的相位较为随机的分布在复数平面上,这样,P个导频块的多径干扰也可以较为随机的分布在该单位圆上,从而相互抑制,以降低导频块之间的多径干扰。进一步地,在μ和P互质情况下,P个导频块旋转后的相位可以较为均为的分布在复数平面的单位圆上。例如图11所示,共4个导频块,导频块1的相位旋转量为e
-jπμ0×1/4,导频块2的相位旋转量为e
-jπμ1×2/4,导频块3的相位旋转量为e
-jπμ2×3/4,导频块4的相位旋转量为e
-jπμ3×4/4。这样,P个导频块的多径干扰也可以较为均为的分布在该单位圆上,从而可以叠加抵消,以进一步降低导频块之间的多径干扰。可以理解,式15仅为确定导频块的相位旋转量的一种示例性方式,并不作为限 定,第一设备也可以采用其他任何可能的方式确定导频块的相位旋转量,例如随机确定导频块的相位旋转量。
为方便理解,下面通过一些示例进行介绍。
示例1,图12示出在超高频段下的非视距(non-line-of-sight,NLOS)信道中,信号1(经过1/4倍减速调制的信号,虚线所示)与信号2(未经减速调制的信号,实线所示)的信号特征。可以看出,如果保证信号1和信号2具有相同的误块率,则信号1的信噪比更小,传输性能更好,频谱效率更高。如果保证信号1和信号2具有相同的信噪比,则信号1的误块率更小,传输性能更好,频谱效率也更高。
示例2,图13中的(a)示出了信号a的信号图案,信号a为宽带信号,采用奈奎斯特传输,每8个符号用于均衡。图13中的(b)示出了信号b的信号图案,信号b为窄带信号,采用奈奎斯特传输,每4个符号用于均衡。图13中的(c)示出了信号c的信号图案,其中,信号c为窄带信号,采用奈奎斯特传输,每3个符号用于均衡。图13中的(d)示出了信号d的信号图案,信号d为宽带信号,采用突发传输,每8个符号用于均衡。图13中的(e)示出了信号e的信号图案,信号e为宽带信号,采用减速调制的次奈奎斯特传输,每8个符号用于均衡。这种情况下,信号a-信道e的信号特征可以如图14所示。根据图14可以看出,在带宽相同的情况下,即都是窄带信号,如果保证信号a、信号d和信号e具有相同的误块率,则信号e的信噪比更小,传输性能更好,频谱效率更高。如果保证信号a、信号d和信号e具有相同的信噪比,则信号e的误块率更小,传输性能更好,频谱效率也更高。在带宽不同的情况下,即宽带信号和窄带信号,如果保证信号b、信号c和信号e具有相同的误块率,则信号e的信噪比也更小,传输性能也更好,频谱效率也更高。如果保证信号b、信号c和信号e具有相同的信噪比,则信号e的误块率也更小,传输性能也更好,频谱效率也更高。
以上结合图4-图14详细说明了本申请实施例提供的通信方法。以下结合图15-图17详细说明用于执行本申请实施例提供的通信方法的通信装置。
示例性地,图15是本申请实施例提供的通信装置的结构示意图一。如图15所示,通信装置1500包括:收发模块1501和处理模块1502。为了便于说明,图15仅示出了该通信装置的主要部件。
一种实施例中,通信装置1500可适用于图3中所示出的通信系统中,执行图4中所示出的方法中第一设备的功能。
其中,处理模块1502,用于生成第一信号,收发模块1501,用于发送第一信号。第一信号为基于对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,两个符号经过减速调制的时间间隔大于该两个符号未经减速调制的时间间隔。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于脉冲成形滤波器对符号进行减速调制得到的信号。
可选地,第一信号、脉冲成形滤波器以及符号可以满足如下关系:
其中,s(t)为第一信号,g(t)为脉冲成形滤波器的冲激响应函数,a
n为第n个符号, n为取-CP至N-1的整数。CP为循环前缀的索引,CP可以为整数。α的取值大于1,t为时间变量,T为相邻两个符号的时间间隔。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于脉冲成形滤波器,对符号进行减速以及频谱搬移调制得到的信号。
可选地,第一信号、脉冲成形滤波器以及符号可以满足如下关系:
其中,s(t)为第一信号,g(t)为脉冲成形滤波器的冲激响应函数,a
n为第n个符号,n为取-CP至N-1的整数。CP为循环前缀的索引,CP可以为整数。α的取值大于1,t为时间变量,T为相邻两个符号的时间间隔,T
g为脉冲成形滤波器的脉冲持续时间。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于扩展傅里叶变换对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数大于扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数与符号的数量相同,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数与子载波数相同。
可选地,第一信号、扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵以及符号可以满足如下关系:
-T
cp≤t<T
sym;
其中,s(t)为第一信号,K为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数,N为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数,a
n为第n个符号,e
-j2πkf(n)为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵元素,f(n)=n/N,或者,f(n)=[nK/N]'/K,[]'为取整,Δf为子载波间隔,T
cp为第一信号中循环前缀对应的时长,T
sym为第一信号中原始信号对应的时长。
可选地,第一信号可以为基于扩展傅里叶变换矩阵,对符号进行减速调制以及相位旋转调制得到的信号,不同信号的相位旋转量不同。
可选地,第一信号可以为M个信号中的第m个信号,第一信号的相位旋转量可以满足如下关系:
diag{1,e
-j2πm/MN,...,e
-j2πm(K-1)/MN};
其中,K为扩展傅里叶变换矩阵的行数,N为扩展傅里叶变换矩阵的列数。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以包括多个导频块,多个导频块的相位为基于相位旋转得到,多个导频块中任意两个导频块旋转后的相位不同。
可选地,多个导频块可以为P个,P个导频块中第p个导频块的相位旋转量可以满足如下关系:
e
-jπμp(p+1)/P,0≤p≤P-1,1≤μ≤P-1。
可选地,收发模块1501也可以包括发送模块和接收模块(图15中未示出)。其中,发送模块用于实现通信装置1500的发送功能,接收模块用于实现通信装置1500的接收功能。
可选地,通信装置1500还可以包括存储模块(图15中未示出),该存储模块存 储有程序或指令。当处理模块执行该程序或指令时,使得通信装置1500可以执行图4中所示出的方法中第一设备的功能。
应理解,通信装置1500中涉及的处理模块可以由处理器或处理器相关电路组件实现,可以为处理器或处理单元;收发模块可以由收发器或收发器相关电路组件实现,可以为收发器或收发单元。
需要说明的是,通信装置1500可以是终端或网络设备,也可以是可设置于终端或网络设备中的芯片(系统)或其他部件或组件,还可以是包含终端或网络设备的装置,本申请对此不做限定。
此外,通信装置1500的技术效果可以参考图4所示出的方法中对应的技术效果,此处不再赘述。
另一种实施例中,通信装置1500可适用于图3中所示出的通信系统中,执行图4中所示出的方法中第二设备的功能。
其中,收发模块1501,用于接收第一信号,处理模块1502,用于解调第一信号。第一信号为基于对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,两个符号经过减速调制的时间间隔大于两个符号未经减速调制的时间间隔。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于脉冲成形滤波器对符号进行减速调制得到的信号。
可选地,第一信号、脉冲成形滤波器以及符号可以满足如下关系:
其中,s(t)为第一信号,g(t)为脉冲成形滤波器的冲激响应函数,a
n为第n个符号,n为取-CP至N-1的整数。CP为循环前缀的索引,CP可以为整数。α的取值大于1,t为时间变量,T为相邻两个符号的时间间隔。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于脉冲成形滤波器,对符号进行减速以及频谱搬移调制得到的信号。
可选地,第一信号、脉冲成形滤波器以及符号可以满足如下关系:
其中,s(t)为第一信号,g(t)为脉冲成形滤波器的冲激响应函数,a
n为第n个符号,n为取-CP至N-1的整数。CP为循环前缀的索引,CP可以为整数。α的取值大于1,t为时间变量,T为相邻两个符号的时间间隔,T
g为脉冲成形滤波器的脉冲持续时间。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以为基于扩展傅里叶变换对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数大于扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数与符号的数量相同,扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数与子载波数相同。
可选地,第一信号、扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵以及符号可以满足如下关系:
-T
cp≤t<T
sym;
其中,s(t)为第一信号,K为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数,N为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数,a
n为第n个符号,e
-j2πkf(n)为扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵元素,f(n)=n/N或者f(n)=[nK/N]'/K,[]'为取整,Δf为子载波间隔,T
cp为第一信号中循环前缀对应的时长,T
sym为第一信号中原始信号对应的时长。
可选地,第一信号可以为基于扩展傅里叶变换矩阵,对符号进行减速调制以及相位旋转调制得到的信号,不同信号的相位旋转量不同。
可选地,第一信号可以为M个信号中的第m个信号,第一信号的相位旋转量可以满足如下关系:
diag{1,e
-j2πm/MN,...,e
-j2πm(K-1)/MN};
其中,K为扩展傅里叶变换矩阵的行数,N为扩展傅里叶变换矩阵的列数。
一种可能的设计方案中,第一信号可以包括多个导频块,多个导频块的相位为基于相位旋转得到,多个导频块中任意两个导频块旋转后的相位不同。
可选地,多个导频块可以为P个,P个导频块中第p个导频块的相位旋转量可以满足如下关系:
e
-jπμp(p+1)/P,0≤p≤P-1,1≤μ≤P-1。
可选地,收发模块1501也可以包括发送模块和接收模块(图15中未示出)。其中,发送模块用于实现通信装置1500的发送功能,接收模块用于实现通信装置1500的接收功能。
可选地,通信装置1500还可以包括存储模块(图15中未示出),该存储模块存储有程序或指令。当处理模块执行该程序或指令时,使得通信装置1500可以执行图4中所示出的方法中第二设备的功能。
应理解,通信装置1500中涉及的处理模块可以由处理器或处理器相关电路组件实现,可以为处理器或处理单元;收发模块可以由收发器或收发器相关电路组件实现,可以为收发器或收发单元。
需要说明的是,通信装置1500可以是终端或网络设备,也可以是可设置于终端或网络设备中的芯片(系统)或其他部件或组件,还可以是包含终端或网络设备的装置,本申请对此不做限定。
此外,通信装置1500的技术效果可以参考图4所示出的方法中对应的技术效果,此处不再赘述。
示例性地,图16为本申请实施例提供的通信装置的结构示意图二。该通信装置可以是终端设备或网络设备,也可以是可设置于终端设备或网络设备的芯片(系统)或其他部件或组件。如图16所示,通信装置1600可以包括处理器1601。可选地,通信装置1600还可以包括存储器1602和/或收发器1603。其中,处理器1601与存储器1602和收发器1603耦合,如可以通过通信总线连接。
下面结合图16对通信装置1600的各个构成部件进行具体的介绍:
其中,处理器1601是通信装置1600的控制中心,可以是一个处理器,也可以是多个处理元件的统称,或者也可以称为逻辑电路。例如,处理器1601是一个或多个中央处理器(central processing unit,CPU),也可以是特定集成电路(application specific integrated circuit,ASIC),或者是被配置成实施本申请实施例的一个或多个集成电路,例如:一个或多个微处理器(digital signal processor,DSP),或,一个或者多个现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array,FPGA)。
可选地,处理器1601可以通过运行或执行存储在存储器1602内的软件程序,以及调用存储在存储器1602内的数据,执行通信装置1600的各种功能。
在具体的实现中,作为一种实施例,处理器1601可以包括一个或多个CPU,例如图16中所示出的CPU0和CPU1。
在具体实现中,作为一种实施例,通信装置1600也可以包括多个处理器,例如图16中所示的处理器1601和处理器1604。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核处理器(single-CPU),也可以是一个多核处理器(multi-CPU)。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(例如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
其中,所述存储器1602用于存储执行本申请方案的软件程序,并由处理器1601来控制,使得上述图4所示的方法被执行。
可选地,存储器1602可以是只读存储器(read-only memory,ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备,随机存取存储器(random access memory,RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备,也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory,EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory,CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质,但不限于此。存储器1602可以和处理器1601集成在一起,也可以独立存在,并通过通信装置1600的接口电路,或者说输入输出接口(图16中未示出)与处理器1601耦合,本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
收发器1603,用于与其他通信装置之间的通信。例如,通信装置1600为终端,收发器1603可以用于与网络设备通信,或者与另一个终端设备通信。又例如,通信装置1600为网络设备,收发器1603可以用于与终端通信,或者与另一个网络设备通信。
可选地,收发器1603可以包括接收器和发送器(图16中未单独示出)。其中,接收器用于实现接收功能,发送器用于实现发送功能。
可选地,收发器1603可以和处理器1601集成在一起,也可以独立存在,并通过通信装置1600的接口电路(图16中未示出)与处理器1601耦合,本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
需要说明的是,图16中示出的通信装置1600的结构并不构成对该通信装置的限定,实际的通信装置可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件,或者组合某些部件,或者不同的部件布置。
此外,通信装置1600的技术效果可以参考上述方法实施例所述的通信方法的技术效果,此处不再赘述。
示例性地,图17为本申请实施例提供的通信装置的结构示意图三。该通信装置可以是终端设备或网络设备,也可以是可设置于终端设备或网络设备的芯片(系统)或其他部件或组件。如图17所示,通信装置1700可以包括:逻辑电路1701和输入输出 接口1702。其中,输入输出接口1702,用于接收代码指令并传输至逻辑电路1701。逻辑电路1701用于运行代码指令以执行如上述的方法。
此外,通信装置1700的技术效果可以参考上述方法实施例所述的通信方法的技术效果,此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例提供一种通信系统。该通信系统包括上述一个或多个终端,以及一个或多个网络设备。
应理解,在本申请实施例中的处理器可以是CPU,该处理器还可以是其他通用处理器、DSP、ASIC、现场可编程门阵列FPGA或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
还应理解,本申请实施例中的存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器,或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中,非易失性存储器可以是ROM、可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM,PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM,EPROM)、EEPROM或闪存。易失性存储器可以是RAM,其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明,许多形式的RAM可用,例如静态随机存取存储器(static RAM,SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(synchronous DRAM,SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(double data rate SDRAM,DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(enhanced SDRAM,ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(synchlink DRAM,SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(direct rambus RAM,DR RAM)。
上述实施例,可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件(如电路)、固件或其他任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时,上述实施例可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令或计算机程序。在计算机上加载或执行所述计算机指令或计算机程序或指令时,全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以为通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中,或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输,例如,所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集合的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如,软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如,DVD)、或者半导体介质。半导体介质可以是固态硬盘。
应理解,本文中术语“和/或”,仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如,A和/或B,可以表示:单独存在A,同时存在A和B,单独存在B这三种情况,其中A,B可以是单数或者复数。另外,本文中字符“/”,一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系,但也可能表示的是一种“和/或”的关系,具体可参考前后文进行理解。
本申请中,“至少一个”是指一个或者多个,“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达,是指的这些项中的任意组合,包括单项(个)或复 数项(个)的任意组合。例如,a,b,或c中的至少一项(个),可以表示:a,b,c,a-b,a-c,b-c,或a-b-c,其中a,b,c可以是单个,也可以是多个。
应理解,在本申请的各种实施例中,上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后,各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定,而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到,结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤,能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行,取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能,但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到,为描述的方便和简洁,上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程,可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程,在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中,应该理解到,所揭露的系统、装置和方法,可以通过其它的方式实现。例如,以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的,例如,所述单元的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式,例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。另一点,所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口,装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接,可以是电性,机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外,在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
上述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解,本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中,包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机,服务器,或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括:U盘、移动硬盘、ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述,仅为本申请的具体实施方式,但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此,本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (29)
- 一种通信方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:第一设备生成第一信号,所述第一信号为基于对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,两个所述符号经过减速调制的时间间隔大于两个所述符号未经减速调制的时间间隔;所述第一设备发送第一信号。
- 一种通信方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:第二设备接收第一信号,所述第一信号为基于对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,两个所述符号经过减速调制的时间间隔大于两个所述符号未经减速调制的时间间隔;所述第二设备解调第一信号。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一信号为基于脉冲成形滤波器对所述符号进行减速调制得到的信号。
- 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一信号为基于所述脉冲成形滤波器,对所述符号进行减速以及频谱搬移调制得到的信号。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一信号为基于扩展傅里叶变换对所述符号进行减速调制得到的信号,所述扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数大于所述扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数,所述扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数与所述符号的数量相同,所述扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数与子载波数相同。
- 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一信号为基于所述扩展傅里叶变换矩阵,对所述符号进行减速调制以及相位旋转调制得到的信号,不同信号的相位旋转量不同。
- 根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一信号可以为M个信号中的第m个信号,所述第一信号的相位旋转量满足如下关系:diag{1,e -j2πm/MN,...,e -j2πm(K-1)/MN}。
- 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一信号包括多个导频块,所述多个导频块的相位为基于相位旋转得到,所述多个导频块中任意两个导频块旋转后的相位不同。
- 根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述多个导频块为P个,所述P个导频块中第p个导频块的相位旋转量满足如下关系:e -jπμp(p+1)/P,0≤p≤P-1,1≤μ≤P-1。
- 一种通信装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:处理模块和收发模块,其中,所述处理模块,用于生成第一信号,所述第一信号为基于对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,两个所述符号经过减速调制的时间间隔大于两个所述符号未经减速调制的时间间隔;所述收发模块,用于发送第一信号。
- 一种通信装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:处理模块和收发模块,其中,所述收发模块,用于接收第一信号,所述第一信号为基于对符号进行减速调制得到的信号,两个所述符号经过减速调制的时间间隔大于两个所述符号未经减速调制的时间间隔;所述处理模块,用于解调第一信号。
- 根据权利要求13或14所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一信号为基于脉冲成形滤波器对所述符号进行减速调制得到的信号。
- 根据权利要求15所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一信号为基于所述脉冲成形滤波器,对所述符号进行减速以及频谱搬移调制得到的信号。
- 根据权利要求13或14所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一信号为基于扩展傅里叶变换对所述符号进行减速调制得到的信号,所述扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数大于所述扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数,所述扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵列数与所述符号的数量相同,所述扩展傅里叶变换的矩阵行数与子载波数相同。
- 根据权利要求19所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一信号为基于所述扩展傅里叶变换矩阵,对所述符号进行减速调制以及相位旋转调制得到的信号,不同信号的相位旋转量不同。
- 根据权利要求21所述的装置,其特征在于,所述多个导频块为P个,所述P个导频块中第p个导频块的相位旋转量满足如下关系:e -jπμp(p+1)/P,0≤p≤P-1,1≤μ≤P-1。
- 根据权利要求13-22中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一信号包括多个导频块,所述多个导频块的相位为基于相位旋转得到,所述多个导频块中任意两个导频块旋转后的相位不同。
- 根据权利要求23所述的装置,其特征在于,所述多个导频块为P个,所述P个导频块中第p个导频块的相位旋转量满足如下关系:e -jπμp(p+1)/P,0≤p≤P-1,1≤μ≤P-1。
- 一种通信装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:处理器;其中,所述处理器,用于执行如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法。
- 一种通信装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:逻辑电路和输入输出接口;其中,所述输入输出接口,用于接收代码指令并传输至所述逻辑电路;所述逻辑电路用于运行所述代码指令以执行如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法。
- 一种通信系统,其特征在于,所述通信系统包括一个或多个第一设备,以及一个或多个第二设备,所述第一设备用于执行如权利要求1、3-12中任一项所述的方 法,所述第二设备用于执行如权利要求2-12中任一项所述的方法。
- 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,所述计算机可读存储介质包括计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令在计算机上运行时,使得所述计算机执行如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法。
- 一种计算机程序产品,其特征在于,所述计算机程序产品包括:计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令在计算机上运行时,使得所述计算机执行如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法。
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