WO2023093040A1 - 一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2023093040A1
WO2023093040A1 PCT/CN2022/102086 CN2022102086W WO2023093040A1 WO 2023093040 A1 WO2023093040 A1 WO 2023093040A1 CN 2022102086 W CN2022102086 W CN 2022102086W WO 2023093040 A1 WO2023093040 A1 WO 2023093040A1
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heat
temperature
power generation
photovoltaic
storage tank
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PCT/CN2022/102086
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English (en)
French (fr)
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韩伟
付康丽
姬海民
宋晓辉
姚明宇
于在松
陆续
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西安热工研究院有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/20—Optical components
    • H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of solar power generation, in particular to an energy storage-type high-temperature photovoltaic photothermal integrated power generation system and method.
  • Solar photovoltaic power generation is based on solar photovoltaic modules, which convert light energy into electrical energy. As a new type of renewable energy, it is widely used.
  • Solar thermal power generation is based on the theory of concentrating solar energy, using large-scale parabolic mirrors or dish mirrors to collect solar heat energy, storing the collected heat energy through heat transfer media, and generating steam through heat exchange devices, making steam A conventional turbine is driven, which then drives a generator to generate electricity. Since photovoltaics and photothermal utilize the energy of different wavelength bands of sunlight, the same concentrating system can be used to realize simultaneous power generation of photovoltaics and photothermal by using the principle of light splitting, thus forming a photovoltaic photothermal integrated power generation system.
  • the existing high-power concentrating photovoltaic systems are mainly dish-type systems. Due to the limited heat collection capacity of a single dish-type high-power concentrated photovoltaic power generation system, the heat utilization capacity is limited and large-scale application cannot be achieved.
  • the use of high-power concentrating photovoltaic photothermal integrated system (HCPVT system) cooling medium waste heat power generation is mainly coupled with HCPVT and organic Rankine cycle low-temperature power generation technology, that is, HCPVT-ORC system.
  • HCPVT-ORC system organic Rankine cycle low-temperature power generation technology
  • this conventional high-concentration photovoltaic photothermal integrated system has the limitation that it can only be coupled with low-temperature power generation cycle, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of this conventional high-concentration photovoltaic photothermal power generation system is low.
  • the present invention provides an energy storage type high-temperature photovoltaic photothermal integrated power generation system and method, which has reasonable design, simple structure, wide application range, and can effectively improve photoelectric conversion efficiency.
  • An energy storage-type high-temperature photovoltaic-thermal integrated power generation system including a heat absorption tower, a solar-thermal module, and a photovoltaic module;
  • the photothermal component includes a concentrating system, a high-temperature storage tank, a low-temperature storage tank, a heat exchange system, a turbine system, a generator, and a heat-absorbing cavity;
  • the heat-absorbing cavity is arranged above the heat-absorbing tower, and includes a heat-receiving surface pipeline and an ultraviolet-visible light reflective film arranged on the surface of the heat-receiving surface pipeline;
  • the flow direction passes through the high-temperature storage tank, the low-temperature storage tank, and the heat release circuit of the heat exchange system to connect to the input end of the heat exchange medium;
  • the heat absorption circuit of the heat exchange system is connected to the turbine system to perform work, and the turbine system is coaxially connected to the generator;
  • the photovoltaic module is arranged at the focus point of the heat-absorbing cavity, including a high-power concentrating photovoltaic panel arranged along the incident direction of light and a spectrum-splitting reflective film arranged on the surface of the high-power concentrating photovoltaic panel;
  • the light concentrating system is used to reflect the direct radiation of the sun to the heat receiving surface of the heat absorbing chamber and the spectral reflection film.
  • the heat-absorbing cavity adopts a parabolic rotary reflective cavity
  • the heating surface pipeline is composed of one or more sets of tube bundles
  • the tube bundles are any one of spiral coil tubes, return-type tube bundles and parallel straight tube bundles.
  • the heat exchange medium is any one of supercritical carbon dioxide, water, heat transfer oil and molten salt.
  • the spectrum-splitting reflective film adopts a convex reflector.
  • the concentrating system adopts a tower type heliostat mirror field or a dish type heat collector array.
  • the low-temperature storage tank and the high-temperature storage tank adopt any one of heat transfer oil heat storage, low-temperature molten salt heat storage, phase change heat storage and solid heat storage systems.
  • the turbine system adopts a steam turbine or a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine system.
  • a cooling system is also provided between the inlet end of the turbine system and the heat exchange system.
  • An energy storage-type high-temperature photovoltaic photothermal integrated power generation method comprising:
  • the concentrating system reflects the direct radiation of the sun to the heating surface of the heat-absorbing cavity and the spectral reflection film;
  • the mid-infrared and far-infrared rays of the reflected solar radiation are absorbed by the heat-absorbing chamber, and the ultraviolet and visible light are projected through the spectral reflective film to the high-power concentrating photovoltaic panel for power generation and then sent out;
  • the heat absorbed by the heat-absorbing chamber is sent to the high-temperature storage tank through the heat-exchanging medium, and the heat-transfer fluid in the high-temperature storage tank transfers the heat to the power generation working medium through the heat-exchange system, and the power-generating working medium works in the turbine system to drive the generator to generate electricity. sent;
  • the concentrating system adjusts the deflection angle according to the radiation angle of the sun.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
  • the system of the present invention places the photovoltaic module with spectral reflection function on the heat-absorbing tower, and utilizes the spectral reflection film arranged on the surface of the high-power concentrating photovoltaic cell panel to reflect the infrared rays in direct solar radiation reflected by the concentrating system, Far-infrared rays are separated from ultraviolet and visible light, and ultraviolet and visible light are projected to high-power concentrating photovoltaic panels to generate electricity and then sent out to complete photovoltaic power generation.
  • the medium is transmitted to the heat transfer fluid in the high-temperature storage tank along the heat release circuit, and then to the turbine system through the heat absorption circuit, and then drives the generator to generate electricity and then sends it out to complete photothermal power generation, thus realizing high-efficiency photovoltaic power generation and high-temperature thermal power generation system
  • the photoelectric conversion efficiency has been greatly improved. Compared with a single high-power concentrating photovoltaic power generation system, its photoelectric conversion efficiency can be increased by more than 10%.
  • the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the system is conventional It is more than twice that of the photothermal power generation system, which effectively overcomes the shortcomings of conventional high-power concentrated photovoltaic photothermal integrated systems that can only be coupled with low-temperature power generation cycles, and also solves the problem of low photoelectric conversion efficiency of conventional photothermal power generation systems.
  • the heat-absorbing cavity adopted by the system of the present invention is a parabolic rotary reflective cavity, and the cavity adopts one or more sets of tube bundles composed of one of spiral coil tubes, return-type tube bundles and parallel straight tube bundles, which can effectively gather solar radiation. Direct radiation, thereby improving the heat absorption efficiency of the system.
  • system of the present invention uses any one of supercritical carbon dioxide, water, heat transfer oil or low-temperature molten salt as the heat exchange medium to ensure heat transfer effect, safety and reliability, and improve economic feasibility.
  • the system of the present invention adopts a convex reflector as a spectrum-splitting reflective film, which has a good reflection effect, can effectively ensure light separation, and improve system conversion efficiency.
  • the system of the present invention uses the tower-type heliostat mirror field or the dish-type heat collector array as a concentrating system, which can gather direct solar radiation to the maximum extent, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules and photothermal modules.
  • the system of the present invention adopts any one of heat transfer oil heat storage, low-temperature molten salt heat storage, phase change heat storage or solid heat storage system as the low-temperature storage tank and high-temperature storage tank, and the heat storage effect is good, economical, reliable, and safe. Feasible, with little heat loss.
  • system of the present invention adopts any one of a steam turbine or a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine system as a turbine system, which is efficient, economical, safe and effective.
  • the system of the present invention can further ensure the reliability of the photoelectric conversion process of the whole system, and improve the overall safety and conversion efficiency.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the system described in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention is an energy storage type high temperature photovoltaic photothermal integrated power generation system, as shown in Figure 1, comprising a heat absorbing chamber 1, a light concentrating system 2, a high-power concentrating photovoltaic battery panel 3, a spectrum-splitting reflective film 4, and a low-temperature storage tank 5.
  • the high-temperature storage tank 6, the heat exchange system 7, the turbine system 8 and the generator 10 are photothermal components, and the high-power concentrating photovoltaic cell panel 3 and the spectrum-splitting reflective film 4 are photovoltaic components;
  • the heat-absorbing cavity 1, the high-power concentrating photovoltaic cell panel 3, and the spectrum-splitting reflective film 4 together form a receiver for the focused beam, which is placed on the heat-absorbing tower 11;
  • the heat-absorbing cavity 1 adopts a parabolic rotary reflective cavity structure, the cavity is composed of one or more groups of tube bundles, and the tube bundle can adopt any one of spiral coil tubes, return-type tube bundles and parallel straight tube bundles;
  • the heat-absorbing cavity 1 includes heating surface pipelines and ultraviolet-visible light reflective film , the surface of the pipeline on the heating surface is provided with an ultraviolet-visible light reflective film, and the inside of the pipeline on the heating surface is provided with a heat exchange medium 12;
  • the heat exchange medium 12 can be supercritical carbon dioxide, water, heat transfer oil or low-temperature molten salt, Its flow direction is the high temperature storage tank 6, the low temperature storage tank 5, and the heat exchange system 7;
  • the spectral reflection film 4 adopts a convex mirror;
  • the heat exchange system 7 includes a heat release circuit and a heat absorption circuit; the heat absorption circuit is connected to the turbine system 8; the heat release circuit is connected to the input end of the heat exchange medium 12, and is connected to the output end of the heat exchange medium 12
  • the heat-absorbing loop forms a heat transfer loop;
  • the high-power concentrating photovoltaic cell panel 3 is installed at the focus of the heat-absorbing chamber 1, and the inner surface is provided with a spectrum-splitting reflective film 4, which is a convex mirror that can pass through ultraviolet rays and visible light, and reflect infrared rays and far infrared rays;
  • the low-temperature storage tank 5 and the high-temperature storage tank 6 can adopt the heat storage type of heat transfer oil, low-temperature molten salt heat storage, phase change heat storage or solid heat storage;
  • Described turbine system 8 can adopt steam turbine or supercritical carbon dioxide turbine system, and it is coaxially connected with generator 10, and inlet end is provided with cooling system 9;
  • the concentrating system 2 is composed of hundreds to tens of thousands of heliostats, which reflect the direct radiation of the sun to the heating surface of the heat-absorbing cavity 1 and the spectral reflection film 4 through different deflection angles; the concentrating system 2 It can be a field of tower heliostats or an array of dish collectors.
  • the operating principle of the system of the present invention is that the heat-absorbing chamber 1 absorbs the infrared and far-infrared rays in the direct solar radiation reflected by the concentrating system 2, and the spectral reflection film 4 absorbs the ultraviolet and far-infrared rays in the direct solar radiation reflected by the concentrating system 2.
  • Visible light is projected to the high-power concentrating photovoltaic cell panel 3 to generate electricity and sent out; the heat-absorbing chamber 1 absorbs heat and sends it to the high-temperature storage tank 6 through the heat-exchange medium 12, and the heat-transfer fluid in the high-temperature storage tank 6 transfers heat through the heat-exchange system 7
  • the power generation working fluid is supplied to the power generation working medium, and the power generation working medium does work in the turbine system 8 to drive the generator 10 to generate electricity, forming a coupling system in which the high-power concentrating photovoltaic panel 3 and the generator 10 generate power together.
  • the present invention also provides an energy storage-type high-temperature integrated photovoltaic photothermal power generation method, including:
  • the concentrating system 2 reflects the direct radiation of the sun to the heating surface of the heat-absorbing cavity 1 and the spectral reflection film 4;
  • the reflected solar radiation mid-infrared and far-infrared rays are absorbed by the heat-absorbing cavity 1, and the ultraviolet and visible light are projected to the high-power concentrating photovoltaic cell panel 3 through the spectrum-splitting reflective film 4 to generate power and then sent out;
  • the heat absorbed by the heat-absorbing chamber 1 is sent to the high-temperature storage tank 6 through the heat-exchanging medium 12, and the heat-transfer fluid in the high-temperature storage tank 6 transfers the heat to the power generation working fluid through the heat-exchange system 7, and the power generation working fluid is in the turbine system 8 Send out after doing work to drive generator 10 to generate electricity;
  • the concentrating system 2 adjusts the deflection angle according to the radiation angle of the sun.
  • the overall installed capacity is 50MW
  • the concentrating system 2 adopts a tower mirror field
  • the heat exchange medium 12 in the heat absorption chamber 1 adopts heat transfer oil
  • the inlet temperature is 290°C
  • the outlet temperature is 393°C
  • the cut-off wavelength of the spectral reflective film 4 is 900nm
  • the optical efficiency of the design point is 80%
  • the overflow loss is 10%
  • the efficiency of the high-power concentrated photovoltaic module 3 is 28%
  • the overall thermal efficiency of the receiver is 50%
  • the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is 33%
  • the total other losses are 0.96.
  • the comprehensive photoelectric efficiency of the system of the present invention is 30.75 %.
  • the overall installed capacity is 1MW
  • the concentrating system 2 adopts a dish reflector
  • the heat exchange medium 12 in the heat absorption chamber 1 adopts heat transfer oil
  • the inlet temperature is 290°C
  • the outlet temperature is 393°C
  • the cut-off wavelength of the spectral reflective film is 900nm
  • the design point optical efficiency is 85%
  • the efficiency of the high-power concentrating photovoltaic module is 28%
  • the overall thermal efficiency of the receiver is 50%
  • the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is 33%
  • the total other losses are 0.96.
  • the comprehensive photoelectric efficiency of the system of the present invention is 36.3%.
  • the overall installed capacity is 5MW
  • the concentrating system 2 adopts a dish reflector array
  • the heat exchange medium 12 in the heat absorption chamber 1 adopts supercritical carbon dioxide
  • the inlet temperature is 290°C
  • the outlet temperature is 393°C
  • the spectral reflective film cuts off
  • the wavelength is 900nm
  • the optical efficiency of the design point is 85%
  • the efficiency of the high-power concentrated photovoltaic module is 28%
  • the overall thermal efficiency of the receiver is 50%
  • the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is 40%
  • the total other losses are 0.96.
  • the comprehensive photoelectric efficiency of the system of the present invention is 39.2%.
  • the overall installed capacity is 50MW
  • the concentrating system 2 adopts a tower mirror field
  • the heat exchange medium 12 in the heat absorption chamber 1 adopts supercritical carbon dioxide
  • the inlet temperature is 290°C
  • the outlet temperature is 530°C
  • the spectral reflective film 4 cuts off
  • the wavelength is 900nm
  • the optical efficiency at the design point is 80%
  • the overflow loss is 10%
  • the efficiency of the high-power concentrated photovoltaic module 3 is 28%
  • the overall thermal efficiency of the receiver is 50%
  • the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is 46%
  • the total other losses are 0.96.
  • the comprehensive photoelectric efficiency of the system of the present invention is 35.25%.

Abstract

本发明一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电系统及方法，系统包括吸热塔、光热组件和光伏组件；光热组件包括聚光系统、高温储罐、低温储罐、换热系统、透平系统、发电机和吸热腔；吸热腔设在吸热塔上方，包括受热面管路和设在受热面管路表面的紫外可见光反射膜；受热面管路内部设有换热介质，换热介质输出端沿流动方向依次经过高温储罐、低温储罐、换热系统的放热回路连接换热介质输入端；换热系统的吸热回路连接透平系统做功，透平系统同轴连接发电机；光伏组件设在吸热腔的聚光焦点处，包括沿光线入射方向设置的高倍聚光光伏电池板和设在高倍聚光光伏电池板表面的分光谱反射膜；聚光系统用于将太阳的直辐射反射至吸热腔的受热面和分光谱反射膜上。

Description

一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能发电领域，具体为一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电系统及方法。
背景技术
太阳能光伏发电是以太阳能光伏组件为基础，将光能转化为电能，其作为一种新型的可再生能源而被广泛的应用。太阳能光热发电是以聚光太阳能为理论基础，利用大规模的抛物镜面或者碟形镜面来收集太阳热能，通过导热介质，将收集到的热能进行储存，并且通过热交换装置产生蒸汽，使蒸汽推动传统的涡轮机，然后带动发电机进行发电。因光伏和光热利用的是太阳光不同波段的能量，因此可以利用同一聚光系统，利用分光原理，实现光伏和光热同时发电，从而构成光伏光热一体化发电系统。
现有高倍聚光光伏系统以碟式系统为主，由于单独碟式高倍聚光光伏发电系统的集热量有限，因此热利用能力有限，无法规模化应用。而利用高倍聚光光伏光热一体化系统(HCPVT系统)冷却介质余热发电，主要是耦合HCPVT和有机朗肯循环低温发电技术，即HCPVT-ORC系统。但由于冷却水温度较低，HCPVT-ORC系统发电效率仅在6％-10％，对整体系统发电效率提升贡献有限。由此可知，这种常规高倍聚光光伏光热一体化系统存在只能与低温发电循环耦合的局限性，而且这种常规高倍聚光光伏光热发电系统光电转化效率低。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电系统及方法，设计合理，结构简单，适用范围广，能有效提升光电转化效率。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电系统，包括吸热塔、光热组件和光伏组件；
所述光热组件包括聚光系统、高温储罐、低温储罐、换热系统、透平系统、发电机和吸热腔；
所述吸热腔设置在吸热塔上方，包括受热面管路和设置在受热面管路表面的紫外可见光反射膜；所述受热面管路内部设置有换热介质，换热介质输出端沿流动方向依次经过高温储罐、低温储罐、换热系统的放热回路连接换热介质输入端；所述换热系统的吸热回路连接透平系统做功，透平系统同轴连接发电机；
所述光伏组件设置在吸热腔的聚光焦点处，包括沿光线入射方向设置的高倍聚光光伏电池板和设置在高倍聚光光伏电池板表面的分光谱反射膜；
所述聚光系统用于将太阳的直辐射反射至吸热腔的受热面和分光谱反射膜上。
进一步的，所述吸热腔采用抛物线回转反射腔体，受热面管路由一组或多组管束组成，所述管束采用螺旋盘管、回型管束和平行直管束中的任意一种。
进一步的，所述换热介质采用超临界二氧化碳、水、导热油和熔盐中的任意一种。
进一步的，所述分光谱反射膜采用凸面反射镜。
进一步的，所述聚光系统采用塔式定日镜镜场或者碟式集热器阵列。
进一步的，所述低温储罐和高温储罐采用导热油储热、低温熔盐储热、相变储热和固体储热系统中的任意一种。
进一步的，所述透平系统采用汽轮机或者超临界二氧化碳透平系统。
进一步的，所述透平系统进入端和换热系统之间还设置有冷却系统。
一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电方法，包括，
聚光系统将太阳的直辐射反射至吸热腔的受热面和分光谱反射膜上；
反射的太阳辐射中红外和远红外射线被吸热腔吸收，紫外和可见光经过分光谱反射膜投射至高倍聚光光伏电池板发电后送出；
吸热腔吸收的热量通过换热介质送入高温储罐，高温储罐中的传热流体通过换热系统将热量传递给发电工质，发电工质在透平系统中做功带动发电机发电后送出；
完成高倍聚光光伏电池板和发电机共同发电。
进一步的，所述聚光系统根据太阳的辐射角度调整偏转角度。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益的技术效果：
本发明系统通过将具有分光谱反射功能的光伏组件放置于吸热塔上，利用其设置在高倍聚光光伏电池板表面的分光谱反射膜，将聚光系统反射的太阳直辐射中的红外线、远红外射线和紫外线、可见光分离，紫外线、可见光投射至高倍聚光光伏电池板发电后送出，完成光伏发电，红外线、远红外射线被设置在吸热塔上的吸热腔吸收，热量通过换热介质沿放热回路传给高温储罐内的传热流体，经过吸热回路传给透平系统，进而带动发电机发电后送出，完成光热发电，从而实现了高效光伏发电和高温热发电系统的耦合，在增加少量投资的基础上，实现了光电转化效率的大幅提升，与单独的高倍聚光光伏发电系统相比，其光电转化效率能够额外提升10％以上，系统整体光电转化效率是常规光热发电系统的两倍以上，有效克服了常规高倍聚光光伏光热一体化系统只能与低温发电循环耦合的不足，也解决了常规光热发电系统光电转化效率低的问题。
进一步，本发明系统采用的吸热腔为抛物线回转反射腔体，而且腔体采用由螺旋盘管、回型管束和平行直管束中的一种组成的一组或多组管束，能有效聚集太阳直辐射，从而提高系统吸热效率。
进一步，本发明系统通过使用超临界二氧化碳、水、导热油或者低温熔 盐中的任意一种作为换热介质，确保传热效果，安全可靠，提高经济可行性。
进一步，本发明系统采用凸面反射镜作为分光谱反射膜，其反射效果好，能有效确保光线分离，提高系统转化效率。
进一步，本发明系统将塔式定日镜镜场或者碟式集热器阵列作为聚光系统，能最大限度的聚集太阳直辐射，从而提高了光伏组件和光热组件的转化效率。
进一步，本发明系统通过采用导热油储热、低温熔盐储热、相变储热或者固体储热系统中的任意一种作为低温储罐和高温储罐，储热效果好，经济可靠，安全可行，热量损失小。
进一步，本发明系统采用汽轮机或者超临界二氧化碳透平系统中的任意一种作为透平系统，高效经济，安全有效。
进一步，本发明系统通过将冷却系统设置在透平系统和换热系统之间，能进一步确保整个系统光电转化过程中的可靠性，提高整体安全性和转化效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中所述系统的结构示意图。
图中：1.吸热腔，2.聚光系统，3.高倍聚光光伏电池板，4.分光谱反射膜，5.低温储罐，6.高温储罐，7.换热系统，8.透平系统，9.冷却系统，10.发电机，11.吸热塔，12.换热介质。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
实施例一
本发明一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电系统，如图1所示，包括吸热腔1、聚光系统2、高倍聚光光伏电池板3、分光谱反射膜4、低温储罐5、 高温储罐6、换热系统7、透平系统8、冷却系统9、发电机10、吸热塔11和换热介质12；所述吸热腔1、聚光系统2、低温储罐5、高温储罐6、换热系统7、透平系统8和发电机10为光热组件，高倍聚光光伏电池板3和分光谱反射膜4为光伏组件；
所述的吸热腔1与高倍聚光光伏电池板3、分光谱反射膜4共同组成聚焦光束的接收器，放置于吸热塔11上；所述的吸热腔1采用抛物线回转反射腔体结构，腔体由一组或多组管束组成，管束可采用螺旋盘管、回型管束和平行直管束中的任意一种；所述的吸热腔1包括受热面管路和紫外可见光反射膜，受热面管路的表面设置有紫外可见光反射膜，受热面管路的内部设置有换热介质12；所述的换热介质12可以是超临界二氧化碳、水、导热油或者是低温熔盐，其流动方向为高温储罐6、低温储罐5、换热系统7；所述分光谱反射膜4采用凸面反射镜；
所述的换热系统7包括放热回路和吸热回路；所述吸热回路连接透平系统8；所述放热回路连接换热介质12输入端，且与换热介质12的输出端连接的吸热回路形成热量传递回路；
所述的高倍聚光光伏电池板3安装于吸热腔1的焦点处，内表面设置有分光谱反射膜4，分光谱反射膜4为凸面反射镜，能够透过紫外线和可见光，反射红外线和远红外线；
所述的低温储罐5和高温储罐6可采用导热油储热、低温熔盐储热、相变储热或者固体储热型式；
所述的透平系统8可采用汽轮机或者超临界二氧化碳透平系统，其与发电机10同轴连接，进入端设置有冷却系统9；
所述的聚光系统2由数百至数万个定日镜组成，通过不同的偏转角度将太阳的直辐射反射至吸热腔1的受热面和分光谱反射膜4上；聚光系统2可以是塔式定日镜镜场，也可以是碟式集热器阵列。
本发明系统的工作原理是，吸热腔1吸收通过聚光系统2反射的太阳直辐射中的红外和远红外射线，分光谱反射膜4将聚光系统2反射的太阳直辐射中的紫外和可见光投射至高倍聚光光伏电池板3发电后送出；吸热腔1吸收热量后通过换热介质12送入高温储罐6，高温储罐6中的传热流体通过换热系统7将热量传递给发电工质，发电工质在透平系统8中做功，带动发电机10发电，形成高倍聚光光伏电池板3和发电机10共同发电的耦合系统。
基于上述系统，本发明还提供一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电方法，包括，
聚光系统2将太阳的直辐射反射至吸热腔1的受热面和分光谱反射膜4上；
反射的太阳辐射中红外和远红外射线被吸热腔1吸收，紫外和可见光经过分光谱反射膜4投射至高倍聚光光伏电池板3发电后送出；
吸热腔1吸收的热量通过换热介质12送入高温储罐6，高温储罐6中的传热流体通过换热系统7将热量传递给发电工质，发电工质在透平系统8中做功带动发电机10发电后送出；
完成高倍聚光光伏电池板3和发电机10共同发电。
其中，所述聚光系统2根据太阳的辐射角度调整偏转角度。
本实施例中总体装机50MW，聚光系统2采用塔式镜场，吸热腔1内的换热介质12采用导热油，入口温度290℃，出口温度393℃，分光谱反射膜4截止波长为900nm，设计点光学效率80％，溢出损失10％，高倍聚光光伏组件3效率28％，接收器整体热效率50％，热电转化效率33％，其他损失合计0.96，本发明系统综合光电效率为30.75％。
实施例二
本实施例中，总体装机1MW，聚光系统2采用碟式反射镜，吸热腔1内的换热介质12采用导热油，入口温度290℃，出口温度393℃，分光谱反 射膜截止波长为900nm，设计点光学效率85％，高倍聚光光伏组件效率28％，接收器整体热效率50％，热电转化效率33％，其他损失合计0.96，本发明系统综合光电效率为36.3％。
实施例三
本实施例中，总体装机5MW，聚光系统2采用碟式反射镜阵列，吸热腔1内的换热介质12采用超临界二氧化碳，入口温度290℃，出口温度393℃，分光谱反射膜截止波长为900nm，设计点光学效率85％，高倍聚光光伏组件效率28％，接收器整体热效率50％，热电转化效率40％，其他损失合计0.96，本发明系统综合光电效率为39.2％。
实施例四
本实施例中，总体装机50MW，聚光系统2采用塔式镜场，吸热腔1内的换热介质12采用超临界二氧化碳，入口温度290℃，出口温度530℃，分光谱反射膜4截止波长为900nm，设计点光学效率80％，溢出损失10％，高倍聚光光伏组件3效率28％，接收器整体热效率50％，热电转化效率46％，其他损失合计0.96，本发明系统综合光电效率为35.25％。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电系统，其特征在于，包括吸热塔(11)、光热组件和光伏组件；
    所述光热组件包括聚光系统(2)、高温储罐(6)、低温储罐(5)、换热系统(7)、透平系统(8)、发电机(10)和吸热腔(1)；
    所述吸热腔(1)设置在吸热塔(11)上方，包括受热面管路和设置在受热面管路表面的紫外可见光反射膜；所述受热面管路内部设置有换热介质(12)，换热介质(12)输出端沿流动方向依次经过高温储罐(6)、低温储罐(5)、换热系统(7)的放热回路连接换热介质(12)输入端；所述换热系统(7)的吸热回路连接透平系统(8)做功，透平系统(8)同轴连接发电机(10)；
    所述光伏组件设置在吸热腔(1)的聚光焦点处，包括沿光线入射方向设置的高倍聚光光伏电池板(3)和设置在高倍聚光光伏电池板(3)表面的分光谱反射膜(4)；
    所述聚光系统(2)用于将太阳的直辐射反射至吸热腔(1)的受热面和分光谱反射膜(4)上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电系统，其特征在于，所述吸热腔(1)采用抛物线回转反射腔体，受热面管路由一组或多组管束组成，所述管束采用螺旋盘管、回型管束和平行直管束中的任意一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电系统，其特征在于，所述换热介质(12)采用超临界二氧化碳、水、导热油和熔盐中的任意一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电系统，其特征在于，所述分光谱反射膜(4)采用凸面反射镜。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电系统，其 特征在于，所述聚光系统(2)采用塔式定日镜镜场或者碟式集热器阵列。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电系统，其特征在于，所述低温储罐(5)和高温储罐(6)采用导热油储热、低温熔盐储热、相变储热和固体储热系统中的任意一种。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电系统，其特征在于，所述透平系统(8)采用汽轮机或者超临界二氧化碳透平系统。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电系统，其特征在于，所述透平系统(8)进入端和换热系统(7)之间还设置有冷却系统(9)。
  9. 一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电方法，其特征在于，基于权利要求1-8任意一项所述系统，包括，
    聚光系统(2)将太阳的直辐射反射至吸热腔(1)的受热面和分光谱反射膜(4)上；
    反射的太阳辐射中红外和远红外射线被吸热腔(1)吸收，紫外和可见光经过分光谱反射膜(4)投射至高倍聚光光伏电池板(3)发电后送出；
    吸热腔(1)吸收的热量通过换热介质(12)送入高温储罐(6)，高温储罐(6)中的传热流体通过换热系统(7)将热量传递给发电工质，发电工质在透平系统(8)中做功带动发电机(10)发电后送出；
    完成高倍聚光光伏电池板(3)和发电机(10)共同发电。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种储能型高温光伏光热一体化发电方法，其特征在于，所述聚光系统(2)根据太阳的辐射角度调整偏转角度。
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