Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23B—TURNING; BORING
  • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
  • B23B51/0002—Drills with connected cutting heads, e.g. with non-exchangeable cutting heads; Drills with a single insert extending across the rotational axis and having at least two radially extending cutting edges in the working position
  • B23B51/0003—Drills with connected cutting heads, e.g. with non-exchangeable cutting heads; Drills with a single insert extending across the rotational axis and having at least two radially extending cutting edges in the working position with exchangeable heads or inserts
  • B23B51/0005—Drills with connected cutting heads, e.g. with non-exchangeable cutting heads; Drills with a single insert extending across the rotational axis and having at least two radially extending cutting edges in the working position with exchangeable heads or inserts with cutting heads or inserts attached by wedge means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23B—TURNING; BORING
  • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
  • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
  • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23B—TURNING; BORING
  • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
  • B23B51/0002—Drills with connected cutting heads, e.g. with non-exchangeable cutting heads; Drills with a single insert extending across the rotational axis and having at least two radially extending cutting edges in the working position
  • B23B51/0003—Drills with connected cutting heads, e.g. with non-exchangeable cutting heads; Drills with a single insert extending across the rotational axis and having at least two radially extending cutting edges in the working position with exchangeable heads or inserts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23B—TURNING; BORING
  • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
  • B23B51/0002—Drills with connected cutting heads, e.g. with non-exchangeable cutting heads; Drills with a single insert extending across the rotational axis and having at least two radially extending cutting edges in the working position
  • B23B51/0003—Drills with connected cutting heads, e.g. with non-exchangeable cutting heads; Drills with a single insert extending across the rotational axis and having at least two radially extending cutting edges in the working position with exchangeable heads or inserts
  • B23B51/00035—Spade drills
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23B—TURNING; BORING
  • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
  • B23B2251/20—Number of cutting edges
  • B23B2251/204—Four cutting edges

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a rotary cutting tool and a cutting head having four cutting portions releasably secured to a tool shank associated therewith, for use in metal cutting processes in general, and for drilling operations in particular.
• cutting heads having more than two cutting portions releasably secured to a tool shank associated therewith.
• US 10,173,271 discloses a tool shank having a head receiving pocket at a forward end, and a plurality of chip flutes extending rearwardly therefrom along a longitudinal axis.
• the head receiving pocket has a support surface transverse to the longitudinal axis.
• a central recess is formed in the support surface and extends rearwardly therefrom.
• the central recess has a plurality of resiliently displaceable abutment portions circumferentially alternating with and spaced apart by a plurality of intermediate portions.
• Each abutment portion has a radially inward facing abutment surface, and each intermediate portion has an intermediate surface intersecting two circumferentially adjacent abutment surfaces.
• a rotary cutting tool includes the shank and a cutting head releasably mounted thereto.
• the cutting head has a mounting portion provided with a base surface and an engagement member protruding therefrom. In an assembled position, the engagement member is resiliently retained in the central recess against the plurality of abutment surfaces.
• US 11,110,521 discloses a cutting head rotatable about a first axis, having a cap portion and a rigid mounting protuberance joined thereto.
• the cap portion has a plurality of cutting portions circumferentially alternating with a plurality of head chip flutes, and a head base surface facing in an axial rearward direction.
• the mounting protuberance exhibits rotational symmetry about the first axis, extends axially rearwardly from the head base surface, and has a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart convex clamping surfaces.
• the plurality of cutting portions define a cutting diameter
• the plurality of head chip flutes are inscribed by an imaginary first circle having a first diameter
• the plurality of clamping surfaces are circumscribed by an imaginary second circle having a second diameter.
• the first diameter is greater than the second diameter
• the second diameter is less than forty percent of the cutting diameter.
• a cutting head rotatable about a head axis in a first direction of rotation, the head axis establishing an axial forward direction and an axial rearward direction opposite the axial forward direction
• the cutting head comprising: a cap portion having exactly four cutting portions circumferentially alternating with four head flutes, and a head base surface facing in the axial rearward direction, each cutting portion having a front surface facing in the axial forward direction and intersecting a circumferentially adjacent and rotationally forward head flute with respect to the first direction of rotation to form a radially extending cutting edge, and a rigid mounting protuberance extending axially rearwardly from the head base surface and having exactly two circumferentially spaced apart convex clamping surfaces, wherein: in a cross-section taken in a first horizontal plane perpendicular to the head axis and intersecting the mounting protuberance at the two clamping surfaces, only the two clamping surfaces are circumscribed by an imaginary first circle having a first diameter and a
• a rotary cutting tool comprising: an elongated tool shank having a head receiving pocket at a forward end thereof and four shank flutes extending away from the forward end along a shank axis, and a cutting head of the type described above releasably secured to the head receiving pocket.
• Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a cutting head in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
• Fig. 2 is a side view of the cutting head shown in Fig. 1;
• Fig. 3 is a top view of the cutting head shown in Fig. 1 ;
• Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the cutting head shown in Fig. 2, taken along the line
• Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the cutting head shown in Fig. 2, taken along the line
• Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the cutting head shown in Fig. 2, taken along the line
• Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the cutting head shown in Fig. 3, taken along the line
• Fig. 8 is an exploded perspective view of a rotary cutting tool in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
• Fig. 9 is an end view of a tool shank in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
• Fig. 10 is a side view of the tool shank shown in Fig. 9;
• Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the tool shank shown in Fig. 10, taken along the line
• Fig. 12 is a side view of the rotary cutting tool shown in Fig. 8, in a state of clamped assembly;
• Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary cutting tool shown in Fig. 12, taken along the line XIII-XIII;
• Fig. 14 is a side view of the rotary cutting tool shown in Fig. 8, in a state of unclamped assembly;
• Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary cutting tool shown in Fig. 14, taken along the line XV-XV.
• a first aspect of the present invention relates to a cutting head 20 rotatable about a head axis AH in a first direction of rotation Rl, the head axis AH establishing an axial forward direction DF and an axial rearward direction DR opposite to the axial forward direction DF.
• the cutting head 20 may preferably be manufactured by form pressing and sintering a cemented carbide, such as tungsten carbide, and may be coated or uncoated.
• the cutting head 20 comprises a cap portion 22 and a rigid mounting protuberance 24 joined to the cap portion 22.
• the cutting head 20 may be of unitary one-piece construction, and the mounting protuberance 24 may have the same rigidity as the cap portion 22 and be devoid of resiliently displaceable elements.
• the cap portion 22 has a first plurality of cutting portions 26, being exactly twice the number of a second plurality of convex clamping surfaces 38 provided on the mounting protuberance 24.
• the cap portion 22 has exactly four cutting portions 26 circumferentially alternating with four head flutes 28, and a head base surface 30 facing in the axial rearward direction DR.
• each cutting portion 26 has a front surface 32 facing in the axial forward direction DF, and each front surface 32 intersects a circumferentially adjacent and rotationally forward head flute 28 with respect to the first direction of rotation R1 to form a radially extending cutting edge 34.
• the four cutting edges 34 may be identical.
• the four cutting edges 34 may be circumferentially equi-spaced about the head axis AH.
• the cap portion 22 may exhibit 4-fold rotational symmetry about the head axis AH.
• the four cutting edges 34 may define a cutting diameter DC corresponding to an imaginary cutting circle CC.
• the cutting head 20 may be used for drilling operations.
• the rigid mounting protuberance 24 extends axially rearwardly from the head base surface 30 and has exactly two circumferentially spaced apart convex clamping surfaces 38.
• a first vertical plane PV1 containing the head axis AH may intersect the two clamping surfaces 38, and the two clamping surfaces 38 may be described as a pair of diametrically opposed clamping surfaces 38.
• the two clamping surfaces 38 may be partially cylindrically shaped, and in a cross-section taken in the first vertical plane PV1, as shown in Fig. 4, the two clamping surfaces 38 may extend parallel to the head axis AH.
• the two clamping surfaces 38 may be partially conically shaped, and in a cross-section taken in a vertical plane containing the head axis AH and intersecting the two clamping surfaces 38, the two clamping surfaces 38 may diverge away from the head axis AH in the axial rearward direction DR.
• the mounting protuberance 24 may have at least two circumferentially spaced apart axial stopper portions 39 located axially rearward of the two clamping surfaces 38.
• the first vertical plane PV1 may intersect two of the at least two circumferentially spaced apart axial stopper portions 39, and in the crosssection taken in the first vertical plane PV1, as shown in Fig. 4, the said two axial stopper portions 39 may extend radially beyond the two clamping surfaces 38.
• each axial stopper portion 39 may have a stopper surface 41 facing in the axial forward direction DF.
• the mounting protuberance 24 may have four axial stopper portions 39 circumferentially equi-spaced about the head axis AH forming a bulge 43 at the distal end thereof.
• each of the four axial stopper portions 39 extends radially outward of an axial projection of the first imaginary circle Cl.
• an imaginary circle perpendicular to the head axis AH and having a center coincident therewith, and circumscribing the four axial stopper portions 39 would have a diameter greater than the first diameter DI.
• no portion of the mounting protuberance 24 may be located outside the imaginary first circle Cl, and it should be appreciated throughout the description and claims, that the imaginary first circle Cl circumscribes the entire mounting protuberance 24 at only the two clamping surfaces 38.
• the two clamping surfaces 38 may form two clamping arcs 40 coincident with the imaginary first circle Cl.
• the first vertical plane PV1 may bisect the two clamping arcs 40 at midpoints thereof.
• the first vertical plane PV1 may bisect the two clamping surfaces 38.
• the first diameter DI may be less than forty percent of the cutting diameter DC, i.e., DI ⁇ 0.40*DC.
• the four head flutes 28 are inscribed by an imaginary second circle C2 having a second diameter D2 and a center coincident with the head axis AH, the imaginary second circle C2 passing through four radially innermost head flute points NH, each head flute point NH associated with a corresponding one of the four head flutes 28.
• the second diameter D2 may be greater than the first diameter DI, i.e., D2 > DI.
• the rigid mounting protuberance 24 may have two circumferentially spaced apart convex guide surfaces 42, and the two guide surfaces 42 may circumferentially alternate with the two clamping surfaces 38.
• the two guide surfaces 42 may be located inside the imaginary first circle Cl.
• the two guide surfaces 42 may be circumscribed by an imaginary third circle C3 having a third diameter D3 and a center coincident with the head axis AH, and the third diameter D3 may be less than the first diameter DI, but greater than eighty-five percent of the first diameter DI, i.e., DI > D3 > 0.85*Dl.
• the imaginary third circle C3 circumscribes the two guide surfaces 42 in the cross-section taken in the first horizontal plane PHI, the imaginary third circle C3 does not circumscribe the entire mounting protuberance 24, especially the two clamping surfaces 38.
• the two guide surfaces 42 may form two guide arcs 37 coincident with the imaginary third circle C3.
• a second vertical plane PV2 containing the head axis AH may intersect the two guide surfaces 42, and the two guide surfaces 42 may be described as a pair of diametrically opposed guide surfaces 42.
• the second vertical plane PV2 may bisect the two guide arcs 37 at midpoints thereof.
• the second vertical plane PV2 may bisect the two guide surfaces 42.
• the first and second vertical planes PV1, PV2 may be mutually perpendicular.
• the mounting protuberance 24 may exhibit 2-fold rotational symmetry about the head axis AH.
• the rigid mounting protuberance 24 may have four transitional surfaces 45 circumferentially spaced apart by the two clamping surfaces 38 and the two guide surfaces 42.
• each transitional surface 45 may be planar.
• each transitional surface 45 may be parallel to the head axis AH.
• a rake surface 44 is disposed on each head flute 28 adjacent its associated cutting edge 34.
• the rake surface 44 may be inclined at a positive rake angle al.
• positive rake angle refers to an acute external angle formed between the rake surface 44 and an imaginary reference line parallel to the head axis AH and intersecting the associated cutting edge 34.
• the rake angle al may be greater than seven degrees, i.e., al > 7°.
• the head base surface 30 includes a central base region 46 and four radially outer base regions 48, and each head flute 28 intersects one of the four radially outer base regions 48 to form a radially outer base edge 50.
• the central base region 46 may entirely surround the mounting protuberance 24.
• the four radially outer base regions 48 and the central base region 46 may be coplanar.
• the third vertical plane PV3 intersects one of the radially outer base edges 50.
• a joining surface 52 may be disposed on each head flute 28 adjacent its associated radially outer base edge 50.
• a straight tangent line LT tangential to the joining surface 52 may be inclined at a zero or positive joining angle pi.
• zero joining angle refers to a configuration in which the straight tangent line LT is parallel to the head axis AH
• positive joining angle refers to an acute internal angle formed between the straight tangent line LT and an imaginary reference line parallel to the head axis AH and intersecting the associated radially outer base edge 50.
• the joining angle pi may be less than the rake angle al, i.e., pi ⁇ al.
• the joining angle pi is less than the rake angle al
• the joining surface 52 may be concave.
• each of the four radially outer base regions 48 may be advantageously increased, whilst providing each of the four head flutes 28 with an optimally large flute volume.
• each radially outer base region 48 contributes to providing a cutting tool with good stability when the cutting head 20 is releasably secured to a tool shank, and providing each head flute 28 with an optimally large flute volume is of greater importance when the cutting head 20 is configured with four circumferentially spaced apart head flutes 28, compared to an alternative cutting head configuration (not shown), having, for example, only two or three circumferentially spaced apart head flutes.
• each cutting portion 26 may have a torque transmission surface 54 facing opposite the first direction of rotation Rl.
• each cutting portion 26 has a torque transmission surface 54
• the cap portion 22 substantially exhibits 4-fold rotational symmetry about the head axis AH
• the cutting head 20 may be mounted on a tool shank in four index positions whereby each of the four torque transmission surfaces 54 makes contact with a different one of four shank drive surfaces, the four torque transmission surfaces 54 and four index positions being exactly twice the number of the second plurality of convex clamping surfaces 38 provided on the mounting protuberance 24.
• each torque transmission surface 54 may be located between its associated cutting portion's front surface 32 and one of the radially outer base regions 48.
• each torque transmission surface 54 may be planar.
• each torque transmission surface 54 may be inclined in the first direction of rotation Rl as it extends in the axial rearward direction DR away from its associated cutting portion's front surface 32.
• a second aspect of the present invention relates to a rotary cutting tool 56 having the cutting head 20 secured to an elongated tool shank 58.
• the tool shank 58 is provided with a head receiving pocket 60 at a forward end 62 thereof and four shank flutes 64 extending away from the forward end 62 along a shank axis AS, and the cutting head 20 is releasably secured to the head receiving pocket 60.
• the cutting head 20 may be releasably secured to the head receiving pocket 60 without the requirement of an additional fastening member, such as a clamping screw.
• the four shank flutes 64 extend away from the tool shank's forward end 62 in the axial rearward direction DR. As shown in Figs. 8 to 10, the four shank flutes 64 may be formed in a cylindrical shank peripheral surface 65 of the tool shank 58.
• the head axis AH may be coincident with the shank axis AS.
• the four shank flutes 64 may helically extend along the shank axis AS, and the four head flutes 28 may serve as corresponding extensions of the four shank flutes 64.
• the tool shank 58 may preferably be manufactured from tool steel.
• the rotary cutting tool 56 may be used for drilling operations.
• the head receiving pocket 60 has a shank support surface 66 transverse to the shank axis AS and a central recess 68 formed in the shank support surface 66.
• the central recess 68 may not intersect any of the four shank flutes 64.
• the shank support surface 66 includes a central support region 70 and four radially outer support regions 72.
• the central recess 68 may be formed in the central support region 70.
• each radially outer support region 72 may intersect the shank peripheral surface 65.
• the four radially outer support regions 72 may be coplanar and located axially forward of the central support region 70.
• the central recess 68 has four circumferentially spaced apart resiliently displaceable abutment portions 74, each abutment portion 74 having a radially inward facing abutment surface 76.
• the four abutment portions 74 may be identical, and the four abutment surfaces 76 may be arranged as two pairs of diametrically opposed abutment surfaces 76.
• the tool shank 58 has a third plurality of abutment surfaces 76, being the same in number as the first plurality of cutting portions 26 and exactly twice the number of the second plurality of convex clamping surfaces 38.
• the four abutment portions 74 may be independently resiliently displaceable, and for such embodiments it should be appreciated that radial displacement of one of the four abutment portions 74 does not cause radial displacement of any of the other three abutment portions 74.
• the central recess 68 may include four intermediate portions 78 which circumferentially alternate with the four abutment portions 74, and each intermediate portion 78 may have an intermediate surface 80 intersecting two circumferentially adjacent abutment surfaces 76.
• each intermediate surface 80 may extend radially outwardly from the two circumferentially adjacent abutment surfaces 76.
• the head receiving pocket 60 has a ‘circumferentially confined’ central recess 68, which improves the resilience of the four abutment portions 74 and extends the useful life of the tool shank 58.
• the head receiving pocket 60 may exhibit 4-fold rotational symmetry about the shank axis AS.
• the tool shank 58 may exhibit 4-fold rotational symmetry about the shank axis AS.
• the mounting protuberance 24 is resiliently retained in the central recess 68 in any one of four index positions, and in each index position: the head base surface 30 faces the shank support surface 66, the two clamping surfaces 38 make clamping contact with two operative abutment surfaces 76' of the four abutment surfaces 76, and no clamping contact occurs between the rigid mounting protuberance 24 and two nonoperative abutment surfaces 76" of the four abutment surfaces 76. It should be appreciated throughout the description and claims, that clamping contact between the two clamping surfaces 38 and the two operative abutment surfaces 76' results in radial outward displacement of the two associated abutment portions 74.
• the head receiving pocket 60 in each index position, may exhibit 2-fold rotational symmetry about the shank axis AS.
• the rotary cutting tool's tool shank 58 has two operational configurations, namely, a first operational configuration in which the mounting protuberance 24 of a removably secured cutting head 20 is resiliently retained in the tool shank's central recess 68 in a first or second of the above said four index positions in which a same first pair of diametrically opposed abutment surfaces 76 are operative, and a second operational configuration in which the mounting protuberance 24 of a removably secured cutting head 20 is resiliently retained in the tool shank's central recess 68 in a third or fourth of the above said four index positions in which a same second pair of diametrically opposed abutment surfaces 76 are operative.
• the tool shank 58 has exactly twice as many radially inward facing abutment surfaces 76 in its central recess 68, as the cutting head 20 has clamping surfaces 38 on its mounting protuberance 24.
• the tool shank in the fully assembled rotary cutting tool 56, in the circumferential direction of the tool shank’s central recess 68, only alternate ones of the third plurality of abutment surfaces 76 are operative.
• the second plurality of circumferentially spaced apart convex clamping surfaces 38 on the cutting head’s mounting protuberance 24 are in abutment with alternate ones of the third plurality of circumferentially spaced apart and radially inward facing abutment surfaces 76 of the tool shank’s central recess 68.
• visual markings or indications may be provided on the tool shank's forward end 62 to enable the first and second pairs of diametrically opposed abutment surfaces 76 to be distinguished from each other.
• the key slots 36 located on the cutting head's cap portion 22 may provide a visual indication for the position of the two clamping surfaces 38 on the cutting head's mounting protuberance 24, which may be relied upon when selecting the desired index position of the cutting head 20 in the tool shank's central recess 68.
• the head base surface 30 may make contact with the shank support surface 66, and apart from the two clamping surfaces 38 making clamping contact with the two operative abutment surfaces 76', no other portion of the mounting protuberance 24 may make clamping contact with the central recess 68.
• At least three of the four radially outer base regions 48 may make contact with at least three of the four radially outer support regions 72.
• the central base region 46 may be spaced apart from the central support region 70.
• the first and third horizontal planes PHI, PH3 may be coincident, and the first diameter DI may be greater than the fifth diameter D5, i.e., DI > D5.
• the diameter of the outermost portions of the clamping surfaces 38 matches that of the operative abutment surfaces 76'.
• the third diameter D3 may be less than the fifth diameter D5, i.e., D3 ⁇ D5. Restated, the diameter of the outermost portions of the guide surfaces 42 is less than that of the non-operative abutment surfaces 76".
• the four circumferentially spaced apart resiliently displaceable abutment portions 74 are identical, it should be appreciated that prior to the cutting head 20 being releasably secured to the head receiving pocket 60, as shown in Fig. 11, in the cross-section taken in the third horizontal plane PH3, the four shank flutes 64 are inscribed by an imaginary sixth circle C6 having a sixth diameter D6 and a center coincident with the shank axis AS at four first flute points NFI.
• a radial flute axis AF perpendicular to the shank axis AS and containing one of the four first flute points NFI may intersect one of the four abutment surfaces 76, and each first flute point NFI may be located a minimum first wall thickness T1 from its adjacent abutment surface 76 along its associated radial flute axis AF.
• the sixth diameter D6 may be between ninety percent and one hundred and ten percent of the second diameter D2, i.e. D2*0.90 ⁇ D6 ⁇ D2*1.10.
• each shank flute 64 has a second flute point NF2 spaced apart from the first flute point NFI and located a minimum second wall thickness T2 from its adjacent intermediate surface 80.
• the minimum second wall thickness T2 may be equal to or less than the minimum first wall thickness Tl, i.e. T2 ⁇ Tl.
• each shank flute 64 is a main parameter for regulating the resilience of the associated abutment portion 74.
• the tool shank's forward end 62 may have four drive protuberances 82 protruding from the shank support surface 66, and each drive protuberance 82 may have a drive surface 84 adjacent one of the radially outer support regions 72 facing in the first direction of rotation Rl.
• each drive surface 84 may intersect the shank peripheral surface 65.
• At least two of the four drive surfaces 84 may make contact with at least two of the four torque transmission surfaces 54.
• the four drive surfaces 84 and the four torque transmission surfaces 54 may be correspondingly inclined with respect to the first direction of rotation Rl.
• each drive surface 84 By configuring each drive surface 84 to be slanted away from the first direction of rotation Rl as it extends away from its associated radially outer support region 72, as shown in Fig. 12, it should be appreciated that a component of the rotational cutting forces is directed axially rearwardly and the robustness of the four drive protuberances 82 is increased.
• the present invention further relates to a method of assembling the rotary cutting tool 56, comprising the steps of: a) orienting the head base surface 30 to face the shank support surface 66; b) aligning the head axis AH with the shank axis AS; c) rotationally aligning the two clamping surfaces 38 with two of the four intermediate portions 78; d) inserting the mounting protuberance 24 into the central recess 68, until the head base surface 30 makes contact with the shank support surface 66, as shown in Fig.
• step d) the rotary cutting tool 56 is in a state of unclamped assembly whereby none of the four abutment portions 74 are being resiliently displaced, and in the cross-section taken in the third horizontal plane PH3, as shown in Fig. 15, an imaginary seventh circle C7 having a seventh diameter D7 and a center coincident with the shank axis AS may inscribe all of the four abutment surfaces 76.
• the first diameter DI may be greater than the seventh diameter D7, i.e., DI > D7, although due to the two clamping surfaces 38 being rotationally aligned with two of the four intermediate portions 78, no radially outward forces FR are being applied to any of the four abutment portions 74 and the head receiving pocket 60 has a configuration identical to that prior to the cutting head 20 being releasably secured thereto.
• the head receiving pocket 60 may exhibit 4-fold rotational symmetry about the shank axis AS.
• step e) is typically performed by using an assembly tool (not shown) which engages the cutting head's key slots 36.
• the cutting head 20 in step e), may be rotated by approximately 45 degrees about its head axis AH relative to the tool shank's central recess 68, until the rotary cutting tool 56 achieves a state of clamped assembly.
• step e) is typically performed until at least two of the four drive surfaces 84 make contact with at least two of the four torque transmission surfaces 54.
• step e) the two abutment portions 74 associated with the two operative abutment surfaces 76' are being resiliently displaced, and in the cross-section taken in the third horizontal plane PH3, as shown in Fig. 13, the imaginary fourth circle C4 inscribes the two operative abutment surfaces 76' and the fourth diameter D4 is greater than the seventh diameter D7, i.e., D4 > D7.
• step e) radially outward forces FR are being applied to the said two abutment portions 74 associated with the two operative abutment surfaces 76' by the two clamping surfaces 38.
• step e) that no radially outward forces FR are being applied to the said two abutment portions 74 associated with the two non-operative abutment surfaces 76".
• the head receiving pocket 60 may exhibit 2-fold rotational symmetry about the shank axis AS.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Milling Processes (AREA)
• Drilling Tools (AREA)

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