WO2023084572A1 - Solid biomass fuel production method, and water absorption additive - Google Patents

Solid biomass fuel production method, and water absorption additive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023084572A1
WO2023084572A1 PCT/JP2021/041118 JP2021041118W WO2023084572A1 WO 2023084572 A1 WO2023084572 A1 WO 2023084572A1 JP 2021041118 W JP2021041118 W JP 2021041118W WO 2023084572 A1 WO2023084572 A1 WO 2023084572A1
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Prior art keywords
water
absorbing additive
biomass fuel
solid biomass
fungus bed
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PCT/JP2021/041118
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
潤 沖原
健治 引野
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中国電力株式会社
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Priority to PCT/JP2021/041118 priority Critical patent/WO2023084572A1/en
Priority to JP2022506141A priority patent/JPWO2023084572A1/ja
Publication of WO2023084572A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023084572A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing solid biomass fuel and a water-absorbing additive.
  • General waste includes, for example, mushroom culture media (fungal beds) used for artificial cultivation of mushrooms.
  • mushroom medium fungal bed
  • medium materials containing corn cobs corn cob
  • sawdust etc.
  • waste culture medium waste culture medium
  • a kneading step of obtaining a kneaded product with moldability a molding step of applying pressure to the kneaded product to obtain a molded product, and a drying step of drying the molded product.
  • Patent Document 1 has a drying process for drying the molded product, so there is a problem that drying requires time and money.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above, and provides a method for producing a solid biomass fuel that can omit the step of drying the waste fungus bed and that can obtain favorable formability and durability of the waste fungus bed. With the goal.
  • the present invention is a method for producing solid biomass fuel, comprising a pressure molding step of pressurizing a waste fungus bed and a water absorbing additive adding step of adding a water absorbing additive to the waste fungus bed. and methods for producing solid biomass fuels.
  • the water-absorbing additive is added so that the water content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive is 40% to 60%, (1) or ( 2) The method for producing a solid biomass fuel according to 2).
  • the present invention provides a water-absorbing additive used when forming a waste fungus bed to produce a solid biomass fuel, wherein the water-absorbing additive has a mass ratio of 1 to the waste fungus bed. It relates to a water-absorbing additive that is added to the waste fungus bed so as to be within the range of /2 to 1/20.
  • the water-absorbing additive is used by adding it to the waste fungus bed so that the water content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive is 40% to 60%.
  • the present invention can provide a water-absorbing additive used in the production of solid biomass fuel, which can omit the step of drying the waste mushroom bed, and which can obtain favorable formability and durability of the waste mushroom bed.
  • the solid biomass fuel according to the present embodiment is formed by using a waste mushroom bed as a main raw material and adding a water-absorbing additive to improve moldability.
  • waste mushroom bed used as the main raw material for solid biomass fuel is generated as waste when artificially cultivating mushrooms such as shiitake, oyster mushroom, maitake, king oyster mushroom, and shimeji mushroom.
  • Waste mushroom beds include, for example, corn cobs (corn cobs), rice bran, crushed wood, sawdust, mushrooms, and the like.
  • the waste fungus bed is discharged in a state containing a lot of water, for example, with a water content of about 50% to 70%.
  • the solid biomass fuel according to the present embodiment can obtain favorable moldability even when the moisture content of the waste fungus bed as a raw material is about 60% to 70%.
  • the water-absorbing additive is used by being added to the waste fungus bed.
  • the water-absorbing additive is added to the waste fungus bed to reduce the water content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive, thereby improving moldability.
  • Pulverized rice hulls are preferably used as the water-absorbing additive.
  • the crushed rice husks have a low moisture content of about 5 to 15%, and are presumed to play a role of a binder that develops affinity between the corn cobs contained in the waste mushroom bed and other materials. .
  • rice husks which are raw materials for pulverized rice husks, are generated as a waste product, it is possible to use all of the raw materials as organic resources of biological origin when mixing them with waste fungus beds to produce solid biomass fuel.
  • Pulverized rice husks are produced by pulverizing rice husks. Pulverization of rice husks increases the surface area, increases the water absorption and retention capacity, and reduces the volume. It has the advantage of being able to improve the calorific value of biomass fuel.
  • the water-absorbing additive in addition to the above, organic resources such as sawdust, crushed wood, and wood chips, or water-absorbing materials composed of water-absorbing resin, etc. may be used.
  • the water-absorbing additive may be used singly or in combination of two or more. From the standpoint of moldability, the water-absorbing additive is preferably pulverized to a size smaller than a predetermined size.
  • the water-absorbing additive is preferably added to the waste fungus bed so that the mass ratio of water-absorbing additive/waste fungus bed is in the range of 1/2 to 1/20. .
  • the mass ratio is more preferably in the range of 1/4 to 1/20, and even more preferably in the range of 1/8 to 1/20.
  • the water-absorbing additive when added to the waste fungus bed, reduces the water content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive to, for example, 40-60%. As a result, the moldability of the solid biomass fuel can be improved, and the durability of the solid biomass fuel can be ensured. More preferably, the water content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water absorbing additive is 45 to 55%.
  • the solid biomass fuel according to the present embodiment may contain components other than the above as long as the effects of the present invention are not hindered, except that the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive are essential. However, in the solid biomass fuel according to the present embodiment, preferable moldability is obtained by the water-absorbing additive. organic resources, etc.) may not be included.
  • the method for producing a solid biomass fuel according to the present embodiment includes a kneading step of kneading the waste mushroom bed, a pressure molding step of pressurizing the waste mushroom bed, and a water absorbing additive that adds a water absorbing additive to the waste mushroom bed. and an adding step.
  • the kneading step is a step of homogenizing the waste fungus bed by kneading it.
  • a step of adding a water-absorbing additive may be provided before the kneading step, and in the kneading step, a mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive may be kneaded.
  • a specific kneading method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a kneading machine such as a mixer or a kneader.
  • the kneading time can be arbitrarily changed depending on the degree of homogenization of the waste fungus bed, and can be, for example, several tens of seconds to several minutes.
  • the pressure molding process is a process of pressurizing the waste fungus bed that has undergone the kneading process or a mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive to form pellets.
  • the pressure molding step includes, for example, a step of filling a mold having a predetermined size and shape with the waste fungus bed, or the waste fungus bed and a water-absorbing additive, and pressurizing.
  • the pressure molding process may be a process using a granulator other than the above. .
  • the force during pressurization can be, for example, 2 MPa or less.
  • the water-absorbing additive addition step is a step of adding a water-absorbing additive to the waste fungus bed.
  • the water-absorbing additive addition step may be provided before the kneading step to uniformly mix the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive.
  • the moisture content of the mixture of the waste mushroom bed and the water-absorbing additive can be made uniform, and the moldability in the pressure molding process can be improved.
  • the water-absorbing additive addition process is provided after the kneading process and the pressure molding process, and the water-absorbing additive is uniformly adhered to the surface of the waste fungus bed that has undergone the pressure molding process. good too.
  • the water-absorbing additive addition step may be provided before the kneading step and may also be provided after the pressure molding step. In this case, it is preferable that the total mass of the added water-absorbing additives satisfies the condition of mass ratio to the waste fungus bed.
  • the water-absorbing additive is preferably added so that the mass ratio of the water-absorbing additive/waste fungus bed is in the range of 1/2 to 1/20. Thereby, the moldability and durability of the produced solid biomass fuel can be made favorable.
  • the mass ratio is preferably in the range of 1/4 to 1/20, more preferably in the range of 1/8 to 1/20.
  • the mass ratio can be less than 1/20.
  • the moisture content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive is reduced to, for example, 40-60% by the water-absorbing additive addition process. As a result, the moldability of the produced solid biomass fuel is improved, and the durability of the solid biomass fuel can be ensured. More preferably, the water content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water absorbing additive is 45 to 55%.
  • the solid biomass fuel production method according to the present embodiment may include steps other than those described above as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. For example, it may include a classification step of separating the waste mushroom bed with a sieve having a predetermined mesh size (eg, 3 to 6 mm). Thereby, the moldability of the waste mushroom bed can be further improved.
  • the method for producing solid biomass fuel includes the above-described classification step, the method for producing solid biomass fuel may not have the kneading step.
  • the solid biomass fuel production method according to the present embodiment includes the step of adding a water-absorbing additive, it may not include the drying step of drying the waste fungus bed.
  • Example 1 Pulverized rice husks (water content: 10.18%) were added to the waste fungus bed as a water-absorbing additive and kneaded manually. Specifically, after the waste fungus bed was lightly loosened on a stainless steel tray, the water-absorbing additive was added from above, and the tray was lightly vibrated and stirred with fingers for about 20 seconds. The water content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and water absorbing additive after kneading was 52.39%. The mixture of the kneaded waste fungus bed and water-absorbing additive was pressurized and molded to obtain a solid biomass fuel according to Example 1. As the pressure molding method, a method of molding into a spherical shape (about 14 mm in diameter) with fingers was used. The moisture content was measured using a moisture meter MOC63u (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
  • Comparative Examples 1 to 2 Solid biomass fuels according to Examples and Comparative Examples were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the mass ratio of the water-absorbing additive and the waste fungus bed was set to the ratio shown in Table 1. In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, no water absorbing additive was added.
  • Examples 8-9> Using a sieve with a mesh size of 2.9 mm, the waste mushroom bed from which corn cobs with a diameter exceeding 2.9 mm were removed was pressurized without kneading and molded. The surface was sprinkled with the mass ratio shown in , to obtain solid biomass fuels according to Examples 8 and 9.
  • a cylindrical PVC pipe (16 mm in diameter, 20 mm in height) is filled with the waste fungus bed, and a rod-shaped stainless steel member is used to compress the waste fungus bed. Using. At this time, the pressure for compressing the waste fungus bed was adjusted to the extent that no moisture was released from the waste fungus bed.
  • Weight reduction rate (weight immediately before drop test - weight of largest fragment immediately after drop test) / weight immediately before drop test * 100 (1)
  • Deformation rate (1 - short axis length of solid biomass fuel after drop test/average diameter of solid biomass fuel before drop test) * 100 (2)

Abstract

Provided is a solid biomass fuel production method with which it is possible to omit a step for drying mushroom compost, and to obtain excellent shapability and durability of mushroom compost.　A solid biomass fuel production method comprises a press shaping step in which mushroom compost is subjected to pressure, and a water absorption additive addition step in which a water absorption additive is added such that the mass ratio with respect to the mushroom compost is preferably with the range of 1/2-1/20. In the water absorption additive addition step, it is preferable to add the water absorption additive such that the water content of the mixture of the mushroom compost and the water absorption additive is 40%-55%.

Description

固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法及び吸水添加材Method for producing solid biomass fuel and water absorbing additive
　本発明は、固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法及び吸水添加材に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing solid biomass fuel and a water-absorbing additive.
　従来、石油、石炭、天然ガス等の化石燃料の大量消費による地球温暖化や資源枯渇といった問題に対応するため、一般廃棄物、産業廃棄物等の廃棄物をエネルギー源として再利用する技術の開発が課題となっている。 Conventionally, in order to deal with problems such as global warming and resource depletion due to the mass consumption of fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas, development of technologies to reuse waste such as general waste and industrial waste as an energy source. is an issue.
　一般廃棄物として、例えばキノコの人工栽培に用いられるキノコ培地（菌床）が挙げられる。キノコ培地（菌床）としては、コーンコブ（トウモロコシの芯）、おが屑等を主成分とした培地材料が用いられる。新しくキノコ栽培を行う度に新しいキノコ培地（菌床）が使用されるため、キノコ栽培後に大量の廃培地（廃菌床）が発生するという問題がある。廃培地（廃菌床）をバイオマス燃料として使用することが考えられるが、廃培地（廃菌床）は含水率が高いため、そのままでは成形し燃料化することが困難であるという課題がある。 General waste includes, for example, mushroom culture media (fungal beds) used for artificial cultivation of mushrooms. As the mushroom medium (fungal bed), medium materials containing corn cobs (corn cob), sawdust, etc. as main components are used. Since a new mushroom culture medium (fungus bed) is used each time a new mushroom cultivation is performed, there is a problem that a large amount of waste medium (waste mushroom bed) is generated after mushroom cultivation. It is conceivable to use waste culture medium (waste culture bed) as biomass fuel.
　上記課題を解決する技術として、草木質破砕物等の有機骨材と粘結材とを混合することで可燃性の混合物を得る混合工程と、前記混合物について含まれる水成分を利用して練ることで成形性の生じた混練物を得る混練工程と、前記混練物に圧力を加えることで成形物を得る成形工程と、前記成形物を乾燥する乾燥工程とを有する固形燃料の製造方法が開示されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 As a technique for solving the above problems, a mixing step of obtaining a combustible mixture by mixing an organic aggregate such as crushed plant material and a caking agent, and kneading using the water component contained in the mixture. a kneading step of obtaining a kneaded product with moldability, a molding step of applying pressure to the kneaded product to obtain a molded product, and a drying step of drying the molded product. (See, for example, Patent Document 1).
特開２００８－２３９９４３号公報JP 2008-239943 A
　特許文献１に開示された技術は、成形物を乾燥する乾燥工程を有するため、乾燥に手間とコストを要するという課題があった。 The technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a drying process for drying the molded product, so there is a problem that drying requires time and money.
　本発明は、上記に鑑みてなされたものであり、廃菌床を乾燥する工程を省略でき、かつ廃菌床の好ましい成形性及び耐久性が得られる、固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above, and provides a method for producing a solid biomass fuel that can omit the step of drying the waste fungus bed and that can obtain favorable formability and durability of the waste fungus bed. With the goal.
　（１）　本発明は、固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法であって、廃菌床を加圧する、加圧成形工程と、前記廃菌床に吸水添加材を添加する、吸水添加材添加工程と、を含む、固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法に関する。 (1) The present invention is a method for producing solid biomass fuel, comprising a pressure molding step of pressurizing a waste fungus bed and a water absorbing additive adding step of adding a water absorbing additive to the waste fungus bed. and methods for producing solid biomass fuels.
　（２）　前記吸水添加材添加工程は、前記廃菌床に対する質量比が、１／２～１／２０の範囲内となるように、吸水添加材を添加する、（１）に記載の固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法。 (2) The solid biomass according to (1), wherein, in the step of adding a water-absorbing additive, the water-absorbing additive is added so that the mass ratio to the waste fungus bed is in the range of 1/2 to 1/20. How to make fuel.
　（３）　前記吸水添加材添加工程は、前記廃菌床と前記吸水添加材との混合物の含水率が４０％～６０％となるように、前記吸水添加材を添加する、（１）又は（２）に記載の固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法。 (3) In the water-absorbing additive addition step, the water-absorbing additive is added so that the water content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive is 40% to 60%, (1) or ( 2) The method for producing a solid biomass fuel according to 2).
　（４）　前記吸水添加材添加工程は、前記吸水添加材として粉砕もみ殻を用いる、（１）～（３）のいずれかに記載の固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法。 (4) The method for producing a solid biomass fuel according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the water-absorbing additive addition step uses pulverized rice husks as the water-absorbing additive.
　（５）　また、本発明は、廃菌床を成形して固形バイオマス燃料を製造する際に用いられる、吸水添加材であって、前記吸水添加材は、前記廃菌床に対する質量比が、１／２～１／２０の範囲内となるように、前記廃菌床に添加して用いられる、吸水添加材に関する。 (5) In addition, the present invention provides a water-absorbing additive used when forming a waste fungus bed to produce a solid biomass fuel, wherein the water-absorbing additive has a mass ratio of 1 to the waste fungus bed. It relates to a water-absorbing additive that is added to the waste fungus bed so as to be within the range of /2 to 1/20.
　（６）　前記吸水添加材は、前記廃菌床と前記吸水添加材との混合物の含水率が４０％～６０％となるように、前記廃菌床に添加して用いられる、（５）に記載の吸水添加材。 (6) The water-absorbing additive is used by adding it to the waste fungus bed so that the water content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive is 40% to 60%. A water absorbing additive as described.
　（７）　前記吸水添加材は、粉砕もみ殻である、（６）又は（７）に記載の吸水添加材。 (7) The water-absorbing additive according to (6) or (7), wherein the water-absorbing additive is ground rice husks.
　本発明は、廃菌床を乾燥する工程を省略でき、かつ廃菌床の好ましい成形性及び耐久性が得られる、固形バイオマス燃料の製造に用いられる吸水添加材を提供できる。 The present invention can provide a water-absorbing additive used in the production of solid biomass fuel, which can omit the step of drying the waste mushroom bed, and which can obtain favorable formability and durability of the waste mushroom bed.
　以下、本発明の実施形態について説明する。なお、本発明は以下の実施形態に制限されず、適宜変更が可能である。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Note that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and can be modified as appropriate.
＜固形バイオマス燃料＞
　本実施形態に係る固形バイオマス燃料は、廃菌床を主原料とし、成形性を向上させるために吸水添加材が添加されて成形されるものである。 <Solid biomass fuel>
The solid biomass fuel according to the present embodiment is formed by using a waste mushroom bed as a main raw material and adding a water-absorbing additive to improve moldability.
（廃菌床）
　本実施形態において、固形バイオマス燃料の主原料として用いられる廃菌床は、シイタケ、ヒラタケ、マイタケ、エリンギ、シメジ等のキノコを人工栽培する際に廃棄物として発生するものである。廃菌床は、例えば、コーンコブ（トウモロコシの芯）、米ぬか、破砕木材、オガクズ、キノコ等を含む。 (Waste fungus bed)
In the present embodiment, the waste mushroom bed used as the main raw material for solid biomass fuel is generated as waste when artificially cultivating mushrooms such as shiitake, oyster mushroom, maitake, king oyster mushroom, and shimeji mushroom. Waste mushroom beds include, for example, corn cobs (corn cobs), rice bran, crushed wood, sawdust, mushrooms, and the like.
　上記廃菌床は多くの水分を含んだ状態、例えば含水率が５０％～７０％程度の状態で排出される。本実施形態に係る固形バイオマス燃料は、原料となる廃菌床の含水率が６０％超～７０％程度であっても好ましい成形性が得られる。 The waste fungus bed is discharged in a state containing a lot of water, for example, with a water content of about 50% to 70%. The solid biomass fuel according to the present embodiment can obtain favorable moldability even when the moisture content of the waste fungus bed as a raw material is about 60% to 70%.
（吸水添加材）
　吸水添加材は、廃菌床に添加して用いられる。吸水添加材は、廃菌床に添加されることで、廃菌床と吸水添加材との混合物の含水率を低下させ、成形性を向上させる。吸水添加材としては、粉砕もみ殻を用いることが好ましい。粉砕もみ殻は、含水率が５～１５％程度と低く、廃菌床に含まれるコーンコブと、他の材料との間に親和性を発現させる繋ぎの役割を有しているものと推察される。また、粉砕もみ殻の原料であるもみ殻は廃棄物として発生するものであり廃菌床と混合して固形バイオマス燃料を作成する際に、原料の全てを生物由来の有機性資源とすることができる。粉砕もみ殻は、もみ殻を粉砕加工したものであり、もみ殻が粉砕されることで表面積が増大し、吸水量・保水量が増大する上に、体積が低下することから、製造される固形バイオマス燃料の発熱量を向上させることができる、という利点を有する。
  (water absorbing additive)
The water-absorbing additive is used by being added to the waste fungus bed. The water-absorbing additive is added to the waste fungus bed to reduce the water content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive, thereby improving moldability. Pulverized rice hulls are preferably used as the water-absorbing additive. The crushed rice husks have a low moisture content of about 5 to 15%, and are presumed to play a role of a binder that develops affinity between the corn cobs contained in the waste mushroom bed and other materials. . In addition, since rice husks, which are raw materials for pulverized rice husks, are generated as a waste product, it is possible to use all of the raw materials as organic resources of biological origin when mixing them with waste fungus beds to produce solid biomass fuel. can. Pulverized rice husks are produced by pulverizing rice husks. Pulverization of rice husks increases the surface area, increases the water absorption and retention capacity, and reduces the volume. It has the advantage of being able to improve the calorific value of biomass fuel.
　吸水添加材としては、上記以外に、オガクズ、破砕木材、木質チップ等の有機性資源や、吸水性樹脂等により構成される吸水材を用いてもよい。上記吸水添加材は、１種又は２種以上を併用してもよい。上記吸水添加材は、所定の大きさ未満に粉砕されて用いられることが、成形性の観点から好ましい。 As the water-absorbing additive, in addition to the above, organic resources such as sawdust, crushed wood, and wood chips, or water-absorbing materials composed of water-absorbing resin, etc. may be used. The water-absorbing additive may be used singly or in combination of two or more. From the standpoint of moldability, the water-absorbing additive is preferably pulverized to a size smaller than a predetermined size.
　吸水添加材は、廃菌床に対する質量比が、吸水添加材／廃菌床で、１／２～１／２０の範囲内となるように、前記廃菌床に添加して用いられることが好ましい。これにより、吸水添加材は、製造される固形バイオマス燃料の成形性及び耐久性を好ましいものとすることができる。上記質量比は、１／４～１／２０の範囲内であることがより好ましく、１／８～１／２０の範囲内であることが更に好ましい。なお、吸水添加材を成形された廃菌床の表面にまぶすように、廃菌床の表面に吸水添加材を付着させることで添加する場合、吸水添加材の上記質量比を１／２０未満とすることもできる。 The water-absorbing additive is preferably added to the waste fungus bed so that the mass ratio of water-absorbing additive/waste fungus bed is in the range of 1/2 to 1/20. . Thereby, the water absorbing additive can make the moldability and durability of the produced solid biomass fuel favorable. The mass ratio is more preferably in the range of 1/4 to 1/20, and even more preferably in the range of 1/8 to 1/20. When adding the water-absorbing additive by adhering the water-absorbing additive to the surface of the waste fungus bed so as to sprinkle the surface of the waste fungus bed, the mass ratio of the water-absorbing additive should be less than 1/20. You can also
　吸水添加材は、廃菌床に添加されることで、廃菌床と吸水添加材との混合物の含水率を、例えば４０～６０％にまで低下させる。これにより、固形バイオマス燃料の成形性が向上すると共に、固形バイオマス燃料の耐久性を確保できる。上記廃菌床と吸水添加材との混合物の含水率は、４５～５５％であることがより好ましい。 The water-absorbing additive, when added to the waste fungus bed, reduces the water content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive to, for example, 40-60%. As a result, the moldability of the solid biomass fuel can be improved, and the durability of the solid biomass fuel can be ensured. More preferably, the water content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water absorbing additive is 45 to 55%.
　本実施形態に係る固形バイオマス燃料は、上記廃菌床と上記吸水添加材とを必須として含むこと以外は、本発明の効果を阻害しない限り、上記以外の成分が含まれていてもよい。しかし、本実施形態に係る固形バイオマス燃料は、吸水添加材により好ましい成形性が得られるため、成形性を向上させるための粘結性を有する成分（バインダー成分及び／又は粘結性を有する生物由来の有機性資源等）が含まれていなくてもよい。 The solid biomass fuel according to the present embodiment may contain components other than the above as long as the effects of the present invention are not hindered, except that the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive are essential. However, in the solid biomass fuel according to the present embodiment, preferable moldability is obtained by the water-absorbing additive. organic resources, etc.) may not be included.
＜固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法＞
　本実施形態に係る固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法は、廃菌床を混練する混練工程と、廃菌床を加圧する、加圧成形工程と、廃菌床に吸水添加材を添加する、吸水添加材添加工程と、を備える。 <Method for producing solid biomass fuel>
The method for producing a solid biomass fuel according to the present embodiment includes a kneading step of kneading the waste mushroom bed, a pressure molding step of pressurizing the waste mushroom bed, and a water absorbing additive that adds a water absorbing additive to the waste mushroom bed. and an adding step.
（混練工程）
　混練工程は、廃菌床を混練することで均一化する工程である。混練工程の前に吸水添加材添加工程を設け、混練工程において、廃菌床と吸水添加材との混合物を混練してもよい。混練の具体的方法としては特に限定されず、例えば、ミキサー、ニーダー等の混練機を用いる方法が挙げられる。混練時間は、廃菌床の均一化の度合いによって任意に変更可能であり、例えば数十秒から数分間とすることができる。 (Kneading process)
The kneading step is a step of homogenizing the waste fungus bed by kneading it. A step of adding a water-absorbing additive may be provided before the kneading step, and in the kneading step, a mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive may be kneaded. A specific kneading method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a kneading machine such as a mixer or a kneader. The kneading time can be arbitrarily changed depending on the degree of homogenization of the waste fungus bed, and can be, for example, several tens of seconds to several minutes.
（加圧成形工程）
　加圧成形工程は、混練工程を経た廃菌床、又は廃菌床と吸水添加材との混合物を、加圧してペレット状に成形する工程である。加圧成形工程は、例えば、所定の大きさ及び形状を有する型枠に上記廃菌床、又は廃菌床と吸水添加材を充填して加圧する工程が挙げられる。混練工程を経た廃菌床、又は廃菌床と吸水添加材との混合物の含水率や粘性にもよるが、加圧成型工程は、上記以外に、造粒装置を用いる工程であってもよい。加圧時の力は、例えば、２ＭＰａ以下とすることができる。 (Pressure molding process)
The pressure molding process is a process of pressurizing the waste fungus bed that has undergone the kneading process or a mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive to form pellets. The pressure molding step includes, for example, a step of filling a mold having a predetermined size and shape with the waste fungus bed, or the waste fungus bed and a water-absorbing additive, and pressurizing. Depending on the water content and viscosity of the waste fungus bed that has undergone the kneading process, or the mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive, the pressure molding process may be a process using a granulator other than the above. . The force during pressurization can be, for example, 2 MPa or less.
（吸水添加材添加工程）
　吸水添加材添加工程は、廃菌床に吸水添加材を添加する工程である。吸水添加材添加工程は、混練工程の前に設け、廃菌床と吸水添加材とを均一に混合するものであってもよい。これにより、廃菌床と吸水添加材との混合物の含水率を均一化し、加圧成形工程における成形性を向上させることができる。上記以外に、吸水添加材添加工程は、混練工程、及び加圧成形工程の後に設け、加圧成形工程を経た成形された廃菌床の表面に吸水添加材を均一に付着させるものであってもよい。これにより、成形された廃菌床の表面付近の含水率を低下させ、ペレット状に成形された固形バイオマス燃料の耐久性を向上できる。吸水添加材添加工程は、混練工程の前に設け、かつ加圧成形工程の後にも設けてもよい。この場合、添加される吸水添加材の質量の合計が、上記廃菌床に対する質量比の条件を満たすことが好ましい。 (Water absorbing additive addition step)
The water-absorbing additive addition step is a step of adding a water-absorbing additive to the waste fungus bed. The water-absorbing additive addition step may be provided before the kneading step to uniformly mix the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive. As a result, the moisture content of the mixture of the waste mushroom bed and the water-absorbing additive can be made uniform, and the moldability in the pressure molding process can be improved. In addition to the above, the water-absorbing additive addition process is provided after the kneading process and the pressure molding process, and the water-absorbing additive is uniformly adhered to the surface of the waste fungus bed that has undergone the pressure molding process. good too. As a result, the water content near the surface of the molded waste mushroom bed can be reduced, and the durability of the solid biomass fuel molded into pellets can be improved. The water-absorbing additive addition step may be provided before the kneading step and may also be provided after the pressure molding step. In this case, it is preferable that the total mass of the added water-absorbing additives satisfies the condition of mass ratio to the waste fungus bed.
　吸水添加材添加工程は、廃菌床に対する質量比が、吸水添加材／廃菌床で、１／２～１／２０の範囲内となるように、吸水添加材を添加することが好ましい。これにより、製造される固形バイオマス燃料の成形性及び耐久性を好ましいものとすることができる。上記質量比は、１／４～１／２０の範囲内であることが好ましく、１／８～１／２０の範囲内であることがより好ましい。なお、加圧成形工程を経た成形された廃菌床の表面に吸水添加材を付着させる場合、上記質量比を１／２０未満とすることもできる。 In the water-absorbing additive addition step, the water-absorbing additive is preferably added so that the mass ratio of the water-absorbing additive/waste fungus bed is in the range of 1/2 to 1/20. Thereby, the moldability and durability of the produced solid biomass fuel can be made favorable. The mass ratio is preferably in the range of 1/4 to 1/20, more preferably in the range of 1/8 to 1/20. In addition, when the water-absorbing additive is adhered to the surface of the waste fungus bed that has undergone the pressure molding process, the mass ratio can be less than 1/20.
　吸水添加材添加工程により、廃菌床と吸水添加材との混合物の含水率は、例えば４０～６０％にまで低下する。これにより、製造される固形バイオマス燃料の成形性が向上すると共に、固形バイオマス燃料の耐久性を確保できる。上記廃菌床と吸水添加材との混合物の含水率は、４５～５５％であることがより好ましい。 The moisture content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive is reduced to, for example, 40-60% by the water-absorbing additive addition process. As a result, the moldability of the produced solid biomass fuel is improved, and the durability of the solid biomass fuel can be ensured. More preferably, the water content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water absorbing additive is 45 to 55%.
　本実施形に係る固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法は、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲内で、上記以外の工程を備えていてもよい。例えば、廃菌床を所定の目開き（例えば、３～６ｍｍ）を有する篩により分離する、分級工程を含んでいてもよい。これにより、廃菌床の成形性を更に向上させることができる。固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法として、上記分級工程を備える場合、固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法は、混練工程を有していなくてもよい。一方で、本実施形に係る固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法は、吸水添加材添加工程を有することから、廃菌床を乾燥させる乾燥工程を有していなくてもよい。 The solid biomass fuel production method according to the present embodiment may include steps other than those described above as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. For example, it may include a classification step of separating the waste mushroom bed with a sieve having a predetermined mesh size (eg, 3 to 6 mm). Thereby, the moldability of the waste mushroom bed can be further improved. When the method for producing solid biomass fuel includes the above-described classification step, the method for producing solid biomass fuel may not have the kneading step. On the other hand, since the solid biomass fuel production method according to the present embodiment includes the step of adding a water-absorbing additive, it may not include the drying step of drying the waste fungus bed.
　以下、実施例に基づいて本発明の内容を更に詳細に説明する。本発明の内容は以下の実施例の記載に限定されない。 Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be described in further detail based on examples. The content of the present invention is not limited to the description of the following examples.
（固形バイオマス燃料の製造）
＜実施例１＞
　廃菌床に対して、吸水添加材としての粉砕もみ殻（含水率：１０．１８％）を添加して手作業で混練した。具体的には，廃菌床をステンレス製トレー上で軽くほぐした後，上部より吸水添加材を投入し、トレー上で手指による軽い振動、掻き混ぜを約２０秒程度行った。混練後の廃菌床と吸水添加材の混合物の含水率は５２．３９％であった。上記混練後の廃菌床と吸水添加材の混合物を、加圧して成形し、実施例１に係る固形バイオマス燃料を得た。加圧成形方法としては、手指にて球状に成形（直径約１４ｍｍ）する方法を用いた。なお、含水率の測定は、水分計ＭＯＣ６３ｕ（島津製作所社製）を用いて行った。 (Production of solid biomass fuel)
<Example 1>
Pulverized rice husks (water content: 10.18%) were added to the waste fungus bed as a water-absorbing additive and kneaded manually. Specifically, after the waste fungus bed was lightly loosened on a stainless steel tray, the water-absorbing additive was added from above, and the tray was lightly vibrated and stirred with fingers for about 20 seconds. The water content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and water absorbing additive after kneading was 52.39%. The mixture of the kneaded waste fungus bed and water-absorbing additive was pressurized and molded to obtain a solid biomass fuel according to Example 1. As the pressure molding method, a method of molding into a spherical shape (about 14 mm in diameter) with fingers was used. The moisture content was measured using a moisture meter MOC63u (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
＜実施例２～７、比較例１～２＞
　吸水添加材と廃菌床の質量比を表１に示す比率としたこと以外は、実施例１と同様として、各実施例及び比較例に係る固形バイオマス燃料を得た。比較例１及び比較例２については、吸水添加材の添加を行わなかった。 <Examples 2 to 7, Comparative Examples 1 to 2>
Solid biomass fuels according to Examples and Comparative Examples were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the mass ratio of the water-absorbing additive and the waste fungus bed was set to the ratio shown in Table 1. In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, no water absorbing additive was added.
＜実施例８～９＞
　目開きが２．９ｍｍの篩を用い、径が２．９ｍｍを超えるコーンコブを除去した廃菌床を、混練を行わずに加圧して成形した後、吸水添加材としての粉砕もみ殻を表１に示す質量比で表面にまぶして、実施例８及び９に係る固形バイオマス燃料を得た。上記加圧して成形する方法としては、円筒形状の塩ビ管（直径１６ｍｍ、高さ２０ｍｍ）の内部に上記廃菌床を充填し、棒状のステンレス部材を用いて上記廃菌床を圧縮する方法を用いた。この際に、廃菌床から水分が放出されない程度に、廃菌床を圧縮する圧力を調整した。 <Examples 8-9>
Using a sieve with a mesh size of 2.9 mm, the waste mushroom bed from which corn cobs with a diameter exceeding 2.9 mm were removed was pressurized without kneading and molded. The surface was sprinkled with the mass ratio shown in , to obtain solid biomass fuels according to Examples 8 and 9. As the method of pressurization and molding, a cylindrical PVC pipe (16 mm in diameter, 20 mm in height) is filled with the waste fungus bed, and a rod-shaped stainless steel member is used to compress the waste fungus bed. Using. At this time, the pressure for compressing the waste fungus bed was adjusted to the extent that no moisture was released from the waste fungus bed.
（評価）
［成形性評価］
　以下の基準により、固形バイオマス燃料の成形性について評価を行った。評価２以上を合格とした。結果を表１に示した。
　３：　　亀裂発生なし
　２：　　亀裂発生数が１箇所
　１：　　亀裂発生数が２箇所以上 (evaluation)
[Moldability evaluation]
The moldability of the solid biomass fuel was evaluated according to the following criteria. An evaluation of 2 or more was regarded as a pass. Table 1 shows the results.
3: No cracks 2: One crack occurred 1: Two or more cracks occurred
［耐久性評価］
　各実施例及び比較例に係る固形バイオマス燃料を、５ｍの高さから落下させて衝撃を加え、試験後の固形バイオマス燃料の状態を観察し、以下の基準により耐久性について評価を行った。評価２以上を合格とした。結果を表１に示した。なお、以下の評価基準における重量減少率は、以下の式（１）により算出される。また、以下の評価基準における変形率は、落下時の衝撃で固形バイオマス燃料が押し潰されて変形した場合の、元の形状からの変形度合いを観察して以下の式（２）により数値化したものである。 [Durability evaluation]
The solid biomass fuel according to each example and comparative example was dropped from a height of 5 m and impacted, the state of the solid biomass fuel after the test was observed, and the durability was evaluated according to the following criteria. An evaluation of 2 or more was regarded as a pass. Table 1 shows the results. In addition, the weight reduction rate in the following evaluation criteria is calculated by the following formula (1). In addition, the deformation rate in the following evaluation criteria was quantified by the following formula (2) by observing the degree of deformation from the original shape when the solid biomass fuel was crushed and deformed by the impact at the time of dropping. It is.
　重量減少率＝（落下試験直前の重量－落下試験直後の最も大きな破片の重量）／落下試験直前の重量＊１００　　　（１）
　変形率＝（１－落下試験後の固形バイオマス燃料の短軸の長さ／落下試験前の固形バイオマス燃料の平均径）＊１００　　　（２） Weight reduction rate = (weight immediately before drop test - weight of largest fragment immediately after drop test) / weight immediately before drop test * 100 (1)
Deformation rate = (1 - short axis length of solid biomass fuel after drop test/average diameter of solid biomass fuel before drop test) * 100 (2)
　（評価基準）
　３：　　重量減少率５％未満，かつ変形率２５％未満
　２：　　重量減少率５％以上１０％未満，または変形率２５％以上５０％未満
　１：　　上記評価３、及び評価２以外 (Evaluation criteria)
3: Weight reduction rate of less than 5% and deformation rate of less than 25% 2: Weight reduction rate of 5% or more and less than 10%, or deformation rate of 25% or more and less than 50% 1: Other than the above evaluation 3 and evaluation 2
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
　表１に示す結果より、各実施例に係る固形バイオマス燃料は、各比較例に係る固形バイオマス燃料と比較して、好ましい成形性及び耐久性が得られる結果が確認された。 From the results shown in Table 1, it was confirmed that the solid biomass fuels according to each example had better moldability and durability than the solid biomass fuels according to each comparative example.

Claims (7)

  1. 　固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法であって、
    　廃菌床を加圧する、加圧成形工程と、
    　前記廃菌床に吸水添加材を添加する、吸水添加材添加工程と、を備える、固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法。     A method for producing a solid biomass fuel,
    a pressure molding step for pressurizing the waste fungus bed;
    A method for producing a solid biomass fuel, comprising a step of adding a water-absorbing additive to the waste fungus bed.
  2. 　前記吸水添加材添加工程は、前記廃菌床に対する質量比が、１／２～１／２０の範囲内となるように、吸水添加材を添加する、請求項１に記載の固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法。 2. Production of solid biomass fuel according to claim 1, wherein the water absorbing additive addition step adds the water absorbing additive so that the mass ratio to the waste fungus bed is within the range of 1/2 to 1/20. Method.
  3. 　前記吸水添加材添加工程は、前記廃菌床と前記吸水添加材との混合物の含水率が４０～６０％となるように、前記吸水添加材を添加する、請求項１又は２に記載の固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法。 3. The solid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in said water absorbing additive addition step, said water absorbing additive is added so that the water content of the mixture of said waste fungus bed and said water absorbing additive is 40 to 60%. A method for producing biomass fuel.
  4. 　前記吸水添加材添加工程は、前記吸水添加材として粉砕もみ殻を用いる、請求項１～３のいずれかに記載の固形バイオマス燃料の製造方法。 The method for producing a solid biomass fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water-absorbing additive addition step uses pulverized rice husks as the water-absorbing additive.
  5. 　廃菌床を成形して固形バイオマス燃料を製造する際に用いられる、吸水添加材であって、
    　前記吸水添加材は、前記廃菌床に対する質量比が、１／２～１／２０の範囲内となるように、前記廃菌床に添加して用いられる、吸水添加材。     A water-absorbing additive used when producing solid biomass fuel by molding a waste fungus bed,
    The water-absorbing additive is used by being added to the waste fungus bed so that the mass ratio of the water-absorbing additive to the waste fungus bed is in the range of 1/2 to 1/20.
  6. 　前記吸水添加材は、前記廃菌床と前記吸水添加材との混合物の含水率が４０～６０％となるように、前記廃菌床に添加して用いられる、請求項５に記載の吸水添加材。 6. The water-absorbing additive according to claim 5, wherein the water-absorbing additive is used by being added to the waste fungus bed so that the water content of the mixture of the waste fungus bed and the water-absorbing additive is 40 to 60%. material.
  7. 　前記吸水添加材は、粉砕もみ殻である、請求項５又は６に記載の吸水添加材。
          7. The water-absorbing additive according to claim 5, wherein said water-absorbing additive is ground rice husks.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006141218A (en) * 2004-11-16 2006-06-08 Itou Seibaku:Kk Method for producing organic product
WO2007142161A1 (en) * 2006-06-05 2007-12-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Nakata Solid fuel and process for producing the same
JP2008120890A (en) * 2006-11-10 2008-05-29 Itou Seibaku:Kk Method for producing biomass fuel, biomass fuel and method for utilizing used medium
JP2010077201A (en) * 2008-09-24 2010-04-08 Takumi Shikagawa Apparatus for producing biomass fuel
JP2013256565A (en) * 2012-06-11 2013-12-26 Olympus Corp Woody biomass fuel

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006141218A (en) * 2004-11-16 2006-06-08 Itou Seibaku:Kk Method for producing organic product
WO2007142161A1 (en) * 2006-06-05 2007-12-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Nakata Solid fuel and process for producing the same
JP2008120890A (en) * 2006-11-10 2008-05-29 Itou Seibaku:Kk Method for producing biomass fuel, biomass fuel and method for utilizing used medium
JP2010077201A (en) * 2008-09-24 2010-04-08 Takumi Shikagawa Apparatus for producing biomass fuel
JP2013256565A (en) * 2012-06-11 2013-12-26 Olympus Corp Woody biomass fuel

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