WO2023082680A1 - 铁路货车用手制动机 - Google Patents

铁路货车用手制动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023082680A1
WO2023082680A1 PCT/CN2022/105048 CN2022105048W WO2023082680A1 WO 2023082680 A1 WO2023082680 A1 WO 2023082680A1 CN 2022105048 W CN2022105048 W CN 2022105048W WO 2023082680 A1 WO2023082680 A1 WO 2023082680A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wheel
hand brake
driving
gear
chain
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PCT/CN2022/105048
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曾德凉
涂智文
张金发
刘幻云
陈学良
王丽娜
陈祖顺
陈瑞
韩亚培
胡文涛
周乐
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中车长江运输设备集团有限公司
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Application filed by 中车长江运输设备集团有限公司 filed Critical 中车长江运输设备集团有限公司
Publication of WO2023082680A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023082680A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H13/00—Actuating rail vehicle brakes
    • B61H13/02—Hand or other personal actuation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H13/00—Actuating rail vehicle brakes
    • B61H13/02—Hand or other personal actuation
    • B61H13/04—Hand or other personal actuation by mechanisms incorporating toothed gearing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of hand brakes, in particular to a hand brake for railway wagons.
  • the domestic railway wagons mainly use the NSW type hand brake as the hand brake device, which belongs to the ordinary capacity type hand brake of TB/T2978 "Railway wagon hand brake".
  • the output force of the NSW hand brake can no longer meet the requirements.
  • the Chinese invention patent with the publication number CN 103569153 A discloses a hand brake for heavy-duty trucks. Separate mounting seat; drive shaft and gear shaft are connected by thread.
  • the above-mentioned NSW hand brake has the phenomenon that the output force does not meet the development needs of heavy-duty trucks, and there are phenomena such as rapid relief.
  • the driving shaft and the pinion shaft of the above-mentioned heavy-duty truck hand brake are integrally connected by threads. When the driving shaft rotates, the driving shaft will have a certain axial movement, and the gap between the threads will affect the connection between the driving shaft and the pinion.
  • the coaxiality between the gear shafts will affect the reliability of the hand brake.
  • the installation shaft of the ratchet tongue is designed separately from the dial frame, which not only takes up installation space, but also increases manufacturing difficulty and cost.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned background technology and provide a hand brake for railway freight cars.
  • the chain output force of the hand brake for railway freight cars is large to meet the development needs of heavy-duty freight cars, and the driving shaft mechanism adopts integral shaft
  • the structure ensures that there will be no axial movement during the rotation of the drive shaft, which is stable and reliable.
  • a hand brake for railway wagons designed by the present invention includes a base, a case cover, a rolling chain wheel mechanism, a drive shaft mechanism, a hand wheel mechanism and a handle mechanism;
  • the rolling chain wheel mechanism is arranged on Below the accommodation cavity enclosed between the base and the case cover;
  • the driving shaft mechanism is arranged above the rolling chain wheel mechanism to drive it to rotate forward or reversely, and one end of the driving shaft mechanism is rotated and installed on the base, The other end of the driving shaft mechanism passes through the case cover and is connected with the hand wheel mechanism;
  • the handle mechanism is arranged above the driving shaft mechanism for driving its rotation.
  • the sprocket mechanism includes a first gear, a sprocket, an installation shaft, and a chain, the first gear and the sprocket are passed on the installation shaft, and the first gear is connected to the sprocket in transmission
  • One end of the installation shaft is rotatably installed on the base, and the other end is rotatably installed on the box cover; the chain is wound on the winding chain wheel, one end of the chain is suspended, and the other end is provided with a deceleration buffer.
  • the inner ring of the winding sprocket is provided with several protruding teeth, and the chain meshes with the protruding teeth.
  • first limiting plate and a second limiting plate are arranged inside the case cover, and the chain winding wheel is located in a limiting cavity surrounded by the first limiting plate and the second limiting plate to prevent the chain Overlap winding on winding sprockets.
  • the driving shaft mechanism includes a driving shaft, on which a ratchet, a driving wheel, a key wheel and a second gear are sequentially arranged; the driving wheel is threadedly connected to the driving shaft, and the key wheel can be relatively The driving wheel moves left and right so that the key wheel engages with or separates from the second gear, a return spring is arranged between the key wheel and the driving wheel, and the second gear meshes with the first gear.
  • the drive shaft is also provided with a positioning pin for axially limiting the driving wheel; one end of the drive shaft close to the base is equipped with a sleeve through an elastic cylindrical pin, and the other end of the drive shaft It is connected with a handwheel mechanism; the handwheel mechanism includes a handwheel and a hub arranged on the handwheel, and the handwheel is fixedly connected with the driving shaft through a locking piece.
  • first friction plate is provided on one side of the ratchet
  • second friction plate is provided on the other side of the ratchet.
  • the drive wheel includes a drive wheel body and a drive shaft, the outer wall of the drive shaft is provided with a number of guide grooves extending axially, and the inner ring of the key wheel is provided with guide blocks matching the guide grooves ;
  • the side of the second gear facing the key wheel is provided with several claws, and the key wheel is provided with several holes matching the claws;
  • the key wheel can slide along the drive shaft under the driving action of the handle mechanism so that the hole of the key wheel engages with or separates from the claw of the second gear.
  • the handle mechanism includes a handle, a horizontal dial frame and a vertical dial frame; the handle is fixedly connected to one end of the horizontal dial frame, and the other end of the horizontal dial frame is provided with a shift block; the horizontal dial A ratchet for matching with the ratchet is arranged on the frame, a spring is arranged on the ratchet, one end of the spring is fixedly connected with the ratchet, and the other end of the spring abuts against the case cover;
  • the longitudinal shifting frame is arranged below the horizontal shifting frame, and the two ends of the longitudinal shifting frame are rotatably connected with the case cover.
  • the longitudinal derailleur rotates to push the key wheel to slide along the drive shaft so that the slot of the key wheel is separated from the dog of the second gear.
  • the longitudinal dial frame includes a driving rod, a first rotating plate and a second rotating plate, one end of the driving rod is fixedly connected to the first rotating plate, and the other end of the driving rod is fixed to the second rotating plate connected, the first rotating plate and the second rotating plate are rotationally connected with the case cover through pin shafts respectively.
  • the present invention has following advantage:
  • the clutch function of the driving shaft mechanism is innovatively designed for the hand brake for railway freight cars of the present invention, which effectively solves the problems of poor quick relief and the like in the existing hand brake, and the driving shaft adopts an integral shaft structure to ensure that the rotation process of the driving shaft In the middle, there will be no axial movement, stable and reliable.
  • the inner ring of the coil chain wheel of the hand brake for railway freight cars of the present invention is surrounded by several convex teeth, and the chain and the convex teeth are meshed with the function of guiding the chain.
  • the chain Under the joint action of the two limit plates, the chain always keeps meshing with the winding wheel during the transmission process, so as to ensure that the chain does not overlap and wind.
  • the end of the chain of the present invention is connected with the deceleration buffer joint, which can prevent the chain from being released from the guide sprocket and other functions when the hand brake is implementing a quick release function.
  • the ratchet tongue of the present invention is installed on the dial frame, cancels the ratchet tongue seat mounting hole on the ratchet tongue seat and the case cover, and the engagement design of the ratchet tongue and the ratchet wheel, even when the hand brake is relieved, the ratchet tongue still remains
  • the ratchet wheel can not rotate anticlockwise, and when the gradual release function can be performed, the friction plates on both sides of the ratchet wheel can be compressed again and the braking force can be maintained.
  • the present invention can improve the braking ratio of the hand brake by increasing the gear ratio, and meet the technical development of heavy-duty railway wagons, under the condition that the distance between the installation holes of the hand brake and the external dimensions conform to the AAR standard. need.
  • the chain output force of the hand brake of the present invention is big, and output force, installation structure etc. all can meet the requirement of the middle capacity type hand brake of AAR standard, simultaneously full TB/T2978 " railway wagon hand brake "The requirements of the medium ability type.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural representation of a hand brake for a railway freight car
  • Fig. 2 is the side view sectional structure schematic diagram of the hand brake for railway wagon shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the winding chain wheel mechanism
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of the chain wheel mechanism shown in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the winding sprocket in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the driving shaft mechanism
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the partial assembly structure of the driving wheel, the key wheel and the second gear
  • Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the handle mechanism
  • Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of another angle of the handle mechanism.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the vertical dial frame in Fig. 8;
  • Fig. 11 is the schematic diagram that the handbrake of railway wagon is located in common position and release position;
  • base 1 box cover 2 (first limiting plate 2.1, second limiting plate 2.2), winding chain wheel mechanism 3 (first gear 3.1, winding chain wheel 3.2, convex teeth 3.21, installation shaft 3.3, chain 3.4, deceleration buffer 3.5), drive shaft mechanism 4 (drive shaft 4.1, ratchet 4.2, drive wheel 4.3, drive wheel body 4.31, drive shaft 4.32, guide groove 4.33, key wheel 4.4, guide block 4.41, hole groove 4.42, the first Second gear 4.5, claw 4.51, return spring 4.6, positioning pin 4.7, elastic cylindrical pin 4.8, bushing 4.9, first friction plate 4.10, second friction plate 4.11), hand wheel mechanism 5 (hand wheel 5.1, wheel hub 5.2) , handle mechanism 6 (handle 6.1, horizontal dialing frame 6.2, longitudinal dialing frame 6.3, driving lever 6.31, first rotating plate 6.32, second rotating plate 6.33, shifting block 6.4, ratchet tongue 6.5, spring 6.6).
  • drive shaft mechanism 4 drive shaft 4.1, ratchet 4.2, drive wheel
  • Mechanism 3 is set under the accommodation chamber surrounded by base 1 and box cover 2, and the winding wheel mechanism 3 is located at the lower end of driving shaft 4.1, one end is installed on base 1 through a bearing seat, and the other end is installed on the bearing seat of box cover 2 superior.
  • the driving shaft mechanism 4 is arranged on the top of the winding chain wheel mechanism 3 for driving its forward or reverse rotation.
  • One end of the driving shaft mechanism 4 is rotated and installed on the base 1, and the other end of the driving shaft mechanism 4 passes through the case cover 2 and the
  • the hand wheel mechanism 5 is connected, and the hand wheel mechanism 5 is installed on the driving shaft mechanism 4, which is on the outside of the case cover 2; the handle mechanism 6 is arranged on the top of the driving shaft mechanism 4 for driving its rotation.
  • the sprocket mechanism 3 includes a first gear 3.1, a sprocket wheel 3.2, an installation shaft 3.3, and a chain 3.4.
  • the first gear 3.1 and the sprocket wheel 3.2 are mounted on the installation shaft 3.3.
  • the first gear 3.1 is in drive connection with the volume chain wheel 3.2; one end of the mounting shaft 3.3 is mounted on the base 1 by rotation, and the other end is mounted on the case cover 2 by rotation; the chain 3.4 is wound on the volume chain wheel 3.2, and one end of the chain 3.4 suspension, the other end is provided with a deceleration buffer 3.5.
  • the end of the chain of the present invention is connected with the external impact deceleration buffer joint conforming to the AAR standard, which can prevent the chain from detaching from the guide sprocket caused by the rapid release of the chain when the hand brake is performing a quick release function.
  • the inner ring of the winding sprocket 3.2 is surrounded by several convex teeth 3.21, and the chain 3.4 meshes with the convex teeth 3.21, and has the function of guiding the chain.
  • the sprocket is provided with a toothed structure meshed with the chain, and the chain can be completely engaged with the sprocket during transmission.
  • the box cover 2 is provided with a first limiting plate 2.1 and a second limiting plate 2.2, and the winding chain wheel 3.2 is located in the limiting cavity surrounded by the first limiting plate 2.1 and the second limiting plate 2.2 to prevent the chain from Overlap winding on the volume chain wheel 3.2.
  • the driving shaft mechanism 4 includes a driving shaft 4.1, on which a ratchet 4.2, a driving wheel 4.3, a key wheel 4.4, and a second gear 4.5 are sequentially arranged on the driving shaft 4.1; between the driving wheel 4.3 and the driving shaft 4.1 Threaded connection, in this embodiment, a trapezoidal internal thread is provided in the center hole of the driving wheel 4.3, which cooperates with the trapezoidal thread of the driving shaft.
  • the key wheel 4.4 can move left and right relative to the driving wheel 4.3 so that the key wheel 4.4 engages or separates from the second gear 4.5.
  • a return spring 4.6 is arranged between the key wheel 4.4 and the driving wheel 4.3. Mesh.
  • One side of the ratchet 4.2 is provided with a first friction plate 4.10, and the other side of the ratchet 4.2 is provided with a second friction plate 4.11.
  • One side of the drive wheel is evenly provided with a guide groove 4.33, and the other side is used to press the friction plate together with the ratchet.
  • the drive shaft 4.1 is also provided with a positioning pin 4.7 for axially limiting the drive wheel 4.3; the end of the drive shaft 4.1 close to the base 1 is equipped with a sleeve 4.9 through an elastic cylindrical pin 4.8, and the drive shaft
  • the other end of 4.1 is connected with the handwheel mechanism 5;
  • the handwheel mechanism 5 includes a handwheel 5.1 and a wheel hub 5.2 arranged on the handwheel 5.1, and the handwheel 5.1 is fixedly connected with the driving shaft 4.1 through a locking member rivet.
  • the drive wheel 4.3 includes a drive wheel body 4.31 and a drive shaft 4.32, the outer wall of the drive shaft 4.32 is provided with a number of guide grooves 4.33 extending axially, and the inner ring of the key wheel 4.4 is provided with guide grooves that match the guide groove 4.33.
  • the guide block 4.41; the second gear 4.5 is provided with several claws 4.51 on the side facing the key wheel 4.4, and the key wheel 4.4 is provided with several holes 4.42 matching with the claws 4.51; the key wheel 4.4 can be used in the handle mechanism Under the driving action of 6, it slides along the drive shaft 4.32 so that the hole 4.42 of the key wheel 4.4 is engaged with or separated from the claw 4.51 of the second gear 4.5 to realize the clutch function of the drive shaft mechanism.
  • the handle mechanism 6 includes a handle 6.1, a horizontal dial frame 6.2, and a vertical dial frame 6.3; Block 6.4; the ratchet 6.5 for matching with the ratchet 4.2 is arranged on the horizontal dial frame 6.2, and the ratchet 6.5 is provided with a spring 6.6, and one end of the spring 6.6 is fixedly connected with the ratchet 6.5, and the other end of the spring 6.6 is connected with the box cover 2 Abutting: under the action of the spring 6.6 at the head of the ratchet tongue, the ratchet tongue and the ratchet wheel are in an engaged state, so that the ratchet wheel will not rotate counterclockwise.
  • the longitudinal shifting frame 6.3 is arranged below the horizontal shifting frame 6.2, and the two ends of the longitudinal shifting frame 6.3 are rotationally connected with the case cover 2, and the horizontal shifting frame 6.2 can drive the shifting block 6.4 to rotate and press down the vertical shifting frame 6.3 under the action of the handle 6.1.
  • the key wheel 4.4 is driven to slide along the drive shaft 4.32 by driving the longitudinal dial frame 6.3 to rotate so that the hole 4.42 of the key wheel 4.4 is separated from the claw 4.51 of the second gear 4.5.
  • the longitudinal dial frame 6.3 includes a driving rod 6.31, a first rotating plate 6.32 and a second rotating plate 6.33, one end of the driving rod 6.31 is fixedly connected with the first rotating plate 6.32, and the other end of the driving rod 6.31 is connected with the second rotating plate.
  • the rotating plate 6.33 is fixedly connected, and the first rotating plate 6.32 and the second rotating plate 6.33 are rotationally connected with the case cover 2 through the pin shaft 6.34 respectively, so that the longitudinal dial frame 6.3 can rotate around the pin shaft 6.34.
  • the ratchet tongue 6.5 is installed on the horizontal dial frame 6.2, the upper head of the ratchet tongue is provided with a spring 6.6, and the other end of the spring is installed on the box cover 2, which can ensure the rapid reset of the ratchet tongue 6.5, and then realize the counterclockwise rotation of the handwheel mechanism 5 , no braking occurs.
  • the handle When the handle is turned from the normal position to the relief position, the handle only needs to rotate 30° to 35°, which is smaller than the rotation angle of the existing hand brake. And the ratchet tongue engaged with the ratchet wheel is installed on the horizontal dial frame, canceling the relevant holes of the ratchet tongue mounting seat and the box cover.
  • the rotation of the handle is clockwise. It is consistent with the rotation direction of the handle of AAR standard hand brake.
  • the hand brake for railway wagons of the present invention can realize three functions of the hand brake including braking, rapid relief and gradual relief by rotating the handle mechanism and the handwheel mechanism, and the specific implementation methods are as follows:
  • the handle 6.1 Facing the hand brake, the handle 6.1 is in the usual position, and the handwheel mechanism 5 is turned clockwise to drive the driving shaft 4.1 to rotate, and the trapezoidal male thread on the driving shaft 4.1 is engaged and tightened with the trapezoidal female thread of the driving wheel 4.3 to drive the drive
  • the wheel 4.3 rotates, and the driving wheel 4.3 cooperates with the guide block 4.41 of the key wheel through its own guide groove 4.33, and brings the key wheel 4.4 to rotate, and drives the second gear 4.5 to rotate through the key wheel 4.4, which further drives the first gear 3.1 to rotate, and drives the roll
  • the sprocket wheel 3.2 rotates counterclockwise, and the chain 3.4 is promoted to realize the braking function.
  • the sequence of power transmission is: hand wheel ⁇ drive shaft ⁇ drive wheel ⁇ key wheel ⁇ second gear ⁇ first gear ⁇ winding sprocket ⁇ chain.
  • the example of the present invention effectively solves the problems such as poor quick release of the existing hand brake through the innovative design of the clutch mechanism of the driving shaft of the hand brake;
  • the ratchet tongue 6.5 is still functioning, and the ratchet 4.2 cannot rotate counterclockwise, and when the gradual relief function can be performed, the friction plates on both sides of the ratchet 4.2 can be pressed again and the braking force can be maintained;
  • the meshing mechanism of the chain 3.4 cooperates with the deceleration buffer 3.5 connected to the end of the chain, the first limit plate and the second limit plate on the box cover to realize that the chain 3.4 does not produce any damage when it rotates on the winding sprocket 3.2.
  • the amount of chain involvement is not less than 1016mm; in the case of ensuring that the hand brake installation hole spacing and external dimensions meet the AAR standard, increase the gear ratio.
  • the braking magnification of the hand brake is improved to meet the development needs of the heavy-duty technology of railway freight cars.

Abstract

一种铁路货车用手制动机，该手制动机包括底座（1）、箱盖（2）、卷链轮机构（3）、主动轴机构（4）、手轮机构（5）以及手柄机构（6）；卷链轮机构（3）设置在底座（1）与箱盖（2）之间围成的容纳腔下方；主动轴机构（4）设置在卷链轮机构（3）的上方用于驱动其正向或者反向旋转，主动轴机构（4）的一端转动安装在底座（1）上，主动轴机构（4）的另一端穿出箱盖（2）与手轮机构（5）连接；手柄机构（6）设置在主动轴机构（4）的上方用于驱动其旋转。

Description

铁路货车用手制动机 技术领域
本发明涉及手制动机的技术领域，具体涉及一种铁路货车用手制动机。
背景技术
目前，国内铁路货车主要采用NSW型手制机作为手制动装置，该机型属于TB/T2978《铁路货车手制动机》的普通能力型手制动机。随着铁路货车重载技术的不断发展，NSW型手制动机的输出力已不能满足要求。
NSW型手制动机在应用过程中，当主动轴等部件锈蚀、导致离合器摩擦副摩擦力增大，车辆的风、手制动共同作用时，出现手制动机的离合器无法脱离，进而导致产生手制动快速缓解不良的现象。需设计一种符合AAR标准的中等能力型的手制动机，且制动、缓解性能良好的手制动机来适应重载货车发展需求。
现有技术中，公开号为CN 103569153 A的中国发明专利公开了一种重载货车用手制动机，其横向拨架与棘舌不在同一根转动轴上，而是分开安装，棘舌有单独安装座；主动轴与齿轮轴通过螺纹连接。上述的NSW型手制动机存在输出力不满足重载货车发展需要，以及出现快速缓解不良等现象。此外，上述的重载货车手制动机的主动轴与小齿轮轴通过螺纹连接组成一体，在主动轴转动时，主动轴会有一定的轴向运动，且螺纹的间隙会影响主动轴与小齿轮轴间的同轴度，进而影响手制动机的可靠性。棘舌的安装轴与拨架分开设计，不仅占用安装空间，且增加制造难度和成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述背景技术的不足，提供一种铁路货车用手制动机，该铁路货车用手制动机的链条输出力大满足重载货车发展需要，而且主动轴机构采用整体轴结构，保证主动轴转动过程中，不会出现轴向运动，稳定可靠。
为实现上述目的，本发明所设计的一种铁路货车用手制动机，包括底座、箱盖、卷链轮机构、主动轴机构、手轮机构以及手柄机构；所述卷链轮机构设置在底座与箱盖之间围成的容纳腔下方；所述主动轴机构设置在卷链轮机构的上方用于驱动其正向或者反向旋转，所述主动轴机构的一端转动安装在底座上，所述主动轴机构的另一端穿出箱盖与手轮机构连接；所述手柄机构设置在主动轴机构的上方用于驱动其旋转。
进一步地，所述卷链轮机构包括第一齿轮、卷链轮、安装轴、以及链条，所述第一齿轮与卷链轮穿设在安装轴上，且第一齿轮与卷链轮传动连接；所述安装轴的一端转动安装在底 座上，另一端转动安装在箱盖上；所述链条绕设在卷链轮上，所述链条的一端悬置，另一端设置有减速缓冲器。
进一步地，所述卷链轮的内圈环绕设置有若干个凸齿，所述链条与凸齿相啮合。
进一步地，所述箱盖内设置有第一限位板和第二限位板，所述卷链轮位于第一限位板和第二限位板围成的限位腔内用于防止链条在卷链轮上重叠缠绕。
进一步地，所述主动轴机构包括主动轴，所述主动轴上依次设置有棘轮、驱动轮、键轮以及第二齿轮；所述驱动轮与主动轴之间螺纹连接，所述键轮可相对于驱动轮左右移动以使得键轮与第二齿轮卡合或者分离，所述键轮与驱动轮之间设置有复位弹簧，所述第二齿轮与第一齿轮相啮合。
进一步地，所述主动轴上还设有用于对驱动轮进行轴向限位的定位销；所述主动轴靠近底座的一端端部通过弹性圆柱销安装有轴套，所述主动轴的另一端与手轮机构连接；所述手轮机构包括手轮和设置在手轮上的轮毂，所述手轮通过锁紧件与主动轴固定连接。
进一步地，所述棘轮的一侧设置有第一摩擦片，所述棘轮的另一侧设置有第二摩擦片。
进一步地，所述驱动轮包括驱动轮本体和驱动轴，所述驱动轴的外壁上设置有若干沿其轴向延伸的导向槽，所述键轮的内圈设置有与导向槽匹配的导向块；
所述第二齿轮朝向键轮的一侧上设置有若干个凸爪，所述键轮上设置有若干个与凸爪匹配的孔槽；
所述键轮可在手柄机构的驱动作用下沿驱动轴滑动以使得键轮的孔槽与第二齿轮的凸爪相卡合或者分离。
再进一步地，所述手柄机构包括手柄、横向拨架以及纵向拨架；所述手柄设置在横向拨架的一端与其固定连接，所述横向拨架的另一端设置有拨块；所述横向拨架上设置有用于与棘轮相匹配的棘舌，所述棘舌上设置有弹簧，所述弹簧的一端与棘舌固定连接，所述弹簧的另一端与箱盖抵接；
所述纵向拨架设置在横向拨架的下方，所述纵向拨架的两端与箱盖转动连接，所述横向拨架可在手柄的作用下驱动拨块转动下压纵向拨架，以带动纵向拨架转动来推动键轮沿驱动轴滑动以使得键轮的孔槽与第二齿轮的凸爪相分离。
更进一步地，所述纵向拨架包括拨杆、第一旋转板以及第二旋转板，所述拨杆的一端与第一旋转板固定连接，所述拨杆的另一端与第二旋转板固定连接，所述第一旋转板、第二旋转板分别通过销轴与箱盖转动连接。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：
其一，本发明铁路货车用手制动机创新设计主动轴机构的离合功能，有效解决既有手制动机出现的快速缓解不良等问题，且主动轴采用整体轴结构，保证主动轴转动过程中，不会出现轴向运动，稳定可靠。
其二，本发明铁路货车用手制动机的卷链轮的内圈环绕设置有若干个凸齿，链条与凸齿相啮合具有导链功能，与箱盖上的第一限位板、第二限位板共同作用下，链条在传动过程中，始终保持其与卷链轮啮合，确保链条不重叠缠绕。
其三，本发明的链条的端部与减速缓冲器接头连接，可以起到在手制动机在实施快速缓解功能时，防止链条快速缓解而产生的链条脱离导链轮等功能。
其四，本发明的棘舌安装在拨架上，取消棘舌座和箱盖上的棘舌座安装孔，而且棘舌与棘轮的啮合设计，即使手制动机在缓解时，棘舌仍在起作用，实现棘轮不可逆时针转动，得以进行逐渐缓解功能时，可以再次压紧棘轮两侧的摩擦片并保持制动力。
其五，本发明在保证手制动安装孔间距、外形尺寸等符合AAR标准的情况下，可以通过增加齿轮的齿数比值，提高了手制动机的制动倍率，满足铁路货车重载技术发展需求。
其六，本发明的手制动机的链条输出力大，输出力、安装结构等均能满足AAR标准的中等能力型手制动机的要求，同时满TB/T2978《铁路货车手制动机》的中等能力型的要求。
附图说明
图1为一种铁路货车用手制动机的结构示意图；
图2为图1所示铁路货车用手制动机的侧视剖视结构示意图；
图3为卷链轮机构的结构示意图；
图4为图3所示卷链轮机构的侧视结构示意图；
图5为图3中卷链轮的放大结构示意图；
图6为主动轴机构的剖视结构示意图；
图7为驱动轮、键轮以及第二齿轮的局部装配结构示意图；
图8为手柄机构的结构示意图；
图9为手柄机构另一角度的局部放大结构示意图；
图10为图8中纵向拨架的结构示意图；
图11为铁路货车用手制动机位于常用位与缓解位的示意图；
图中：底座1、箱盖2(第一限位板2.1、第二限位板2.2)、卷链轮机构3(第一齿轮3.1、卷链轮3.2、凸齿3.21、安装轴3.3、链条3.4、减速缓冲器3.5)、主动轴机构4(主动轴4.1、棘轮4.2、驱动轮4.3、驱动轮本体4.31、驱动轴4.32、导向槽4.33、键轮4.4、导向块4.41、孔槽4.42、第二齿轮4.5、凸爪4.51、复位弹簧4.6、定位销4.7、弹性圆柱销4.8、轴套4.9、第一摩擦片4.10、第二摩擦片4.11)、手轮机构5(手轮5.1、轮毂5.2)、手柄机构6(手柄6.1、横向拨架6.2、纵向拨架6.3、拨杆6.31、第一旋转板6.32、第二旋转板6.33、拨块6.4、棘舌6.5、弹簧6.6)。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施案例详细说明本发明的实施情况，但它们并不构成对本发明的限定，仅作举例而已。同时通过说明本发明的优点将变得更加清楚和容易理解。
如图1～图2所示的一种铁路货车用手制动机，包括底座1、箱盖2、卷链轮机构3、主动轴机构4、手轮机构5以及手柄机构6；卷链轮机构3设置在底座1与箱盖2之间围成的容纳腔下方，卷链轮机构3位于主动轴4.1下端，一端通过轴承座安装于底座1上，另一端安装于箱盖2的轴承座上。主动轴机构4设置在卷链轮机构3的上方用于驱动其正向或者反向旋转，主动轴机构4的一端转动安装在底座1上，主动轴机构4的另一端穿出箱盖2与手轮机构5连接，手轮机构5安装在主动轴机构4上，处于箱盖2的外侧；手柄机构6设置在主动轴机构4的上方用于驱动其旋转。
如图3～如5所示，卷链轮机构3包括第一齿轮3.1、卷链轮3.2、安装轴3.3、以及链条3.4，第一齿轮3.1与卷链轮3.2穿设在安装轴3.3上，且第一齿轮3.1与卷链轮3.2传动连接；安装轴3.3的一端转动安装在底座1上，另一端转动安装在箱盖2上；链条3.4绕设在卷链轮3.2上，链条3.4的一端悬置，另一端设置有减速缓冲器3.5。本发明的链条的端部与符合AAR标准的外冲击减速缓冲器接头连接，可以起到在手制动机在实施快速缓解功能时，防止链条快速缓解而产生的链条脱离导链轮等功能。
上述技术方案中，卷链轮3.2的内圈环绕设置有若干个凸齿3.21，链条3.4与凸齿3.21相啮合，具有导链功能。这样，通过卷链轮设有与链条相啮合的齿状结构，链条在传动过程中，可完全与卷链轮啮合。箱盖2内设置有第一限位板2.1和第二限位板2.2，卷链轮3.2位于第一限位板2.1和第二限位板2.2围成的限位腔内用于防止链条在卷链轮3.2上重叠缠绕。这样，通过卷链轮的凸齿、第一限位板2.1、第二限位板2.2的共同作用，始终处于与卷链轮啮合的状态，可防止链条在卷链轮3.2上重叠缠绕，实现链条3.4的输出力稳定。
如图6～图7所示，主动轴机构4包括主动轴4.1，主动轴4.1上依次设置有棘轮4.2、驱动轮4.3、键轮4.4以及第二齿轮4.5；驱动轮4.3与主动轴4.1之间螺纹连接，本实施例中，驱动轮4.3的中心孔内设有梯形内螺纹，与主动轴的梯形螺纹配合作用。键轮4.4可相对于驱动轮4.3左右移动以使得键轮4.4与第二齿轮4.5卡合或者分离，键轮4.4与驱动轮4.3之间设置有复位弹簧4.6，第二齿轮4.5与第一齿轮3.1相啮合。棘轮4.2的一侧设置有第一摩擦片4.10，棘轮4.2的另一侧设置有第二摩擦片4.11。驱动轮一侧均匀设有导向槽4.33，另一侧用于与棘轮共同压紧摩擦片。当手轮转动时，主动轴不出现轴向运动，而是通过主动轴上的梯形螺纹紧固推动驱动轮轴向运动，压紧棘轮两侧的第一摩擦片和第二摩擦片。
上述技术方案中，主动轴4.1上还设有用于对驱动轮4.3进行轴向限位的定位销4.7；主动轴4.1靠近底座1的一端端部通过弹性圆柱销4.8安装有轴套4.9，主动轴4.1的另一端与 手轮机构5连接；手轮机构5包括手轮5.1和设置在手轮5.1上的轮毂5.2，手轮5.1通过锁紧件铆钉与主动轴4.1固定连接。
上述技术方案中，驱动轮4.3包括驱动轮本体4.31和驱动轴4.32，驱动轴4.32的外壁上设置有若干沿其轴向延伸的导向槽4.33，键轮4.4的内圈设置有与导向槽4.33匹配的导向块4.41；第二齿轮4.5朝向键轮4.4的一侧上设置有若干个凸爪4.51，键轮4.4上设置有若干个与凸爪4.51匹配的孔槽4.42；键轮4.4可在手柄机构6的驱动作用下沿驱动轴4.32滑动以使得键轮4.4的孔槽4.42与第二齿轮4.5的凸爪4.51相卡合或者分离，实现主动轴机构的离合功能。
如图8～图9所示，手柄机构6包括手柄6.1、横向拨架6.2以及纵向拨架6.3；手柄6.1设置在横向拨架6.2的一端与其固定连接，横向拨架6.2的另一端设置有拨块6.4；横向拨架6.2上设置有用于与棘轮4.2相匹配的棘舌6.5，棘舌6.5上设置有弹簧6.6，弹簧6.6的一端与棘舌6.5固定连接，弹簧6.6的另一端与箱盖2抵接；受到棘舌头部的弹簧6.6的作用，棘舌与棘轮处于啮合状态，实现棘轮不会逆时针转动。
纵向拨架6.3设置在横向拨架6.2的下方，纵向拨架6.3的两端与箱盖2转动连接，横向拨架6.2可在手柄6.1的作用下驱动拨块6.4转动下压纵向拨架6.3，以带动纵向拨架6.3转动来推动键轮4.4沿驱动轴4.32滑动以使得键轮4.4的孔槽4.42与第二齿轮4.5的凸爪4.51相分离。
如图10所示，纵向拨架6.3包括拨杆6.31、第一旋转板6.32以及第二旋转板6.33，拨杆6.31的一端与第一旋转板6.32固定连接，拨杆6.31的另一端与第二旋转板6.33固定连接，第一旋转板6.32、第二旋转板6.33分别通过销轴6.34与箱盖2转动连接，使得纵向拨架6.3可绕销轴6.34转动。
如图11所示，当手柄6.1由常用位顺时针旋转至缓解位时，横向拨架6.2随之转动，进而导致横向拨架的拨块6.4压动纵向拨架6.3的拨杆6.31，纵向拨架6.3则会逆时针转动，进而第一旋转板6.32和第二旋转板6.33共同推动键轮4.4沿主动轴的轴向运动，使得键轮4.4与第二齿轮4.5脱离；
当手柄由缓解位逆时针旋转至常用位时，驱动轮4.3受到主动轴机构上的复位弹簧4.6作用，使得键轮4.4与第二齿轮4.5再次啮合。棘舌6.5安装在横向拨架6.2上，棘舌上头部设置有弹簧6.6，弹簧的另一端安装在箱盖2上，其可保证棘舌6.5快速复位，进而实现手轮机构5逆时针旋转时，不会产生制动现象。
手柄由常用位转至缓解位时，手柄仅需转动30°～35°，比既有的手制动机转动角度小。且与棘轮啮合的棘舌安装于横向拨架上，取消了棘舌安装座及箱盖的相关孔。手柄由常用位拨至缓解位时，手柄的转动为顺时针转动。与AAR标准手制动机的手柄转动方向一致。
本发明铁路货车用手制动机通过转动手柄机构和手轮机构，可实现该手制动机包括制动、快速缓解和逐渐缓解的3种功能，具体实现方式为：
(1)制动功能
面向该手制动机，手柄6.1处于常用位，顺时针转动手轮机构5，带动主动轴4.1转动，通过主动轴4.1上的梯形阳螺纹与驱动轮4.3的梯形阴螺纹啮合旋紧，带动驱动轮4.3转动，驱动轮4.3通过自身的导向槽4.33与键轮的导向块4.41配合，带到键轮4.4转动，通过键轮4.4带动第二齿轮4.5转动，进一步带动第一齿轮3.1转动，驱动卷链轮3.2逆时针转动，将链条3.4提升，实现制动功能。其传力顺序是：手轮→主动轴→驱动轮→键轮→第二齿轮→第一齿轮→卷链轮→链条。
(2)快速缓解功能
链条处于制动受力状态，将手柄6.1由常用位顺时针转动至缓解位，这时受到手柄机构6转动作用，纵向拨架6.3逆时针转动，推动键轮4.4依靠其导向块4.41沿驱动轮4.3上导向槽4.33的轴向运动，使主动轴机构中的键轮4.4与第二齿轮4.5脱离分开，处于制动状态下的链条3.4则会带动第一齿轮3.1顺时针转动，实现快速缓解功能。
(3)逐渐缓解功能
手制动机处于制动状态，逆时针转动手轮机构5，带动主动轴4.1转动，致使主动轴4.1与驱动轮4.3间的梯形螺纹旋转松开，进而带动棘轮4.2与两侧的第一摩擦片和第二摩擦片之间有微小的间隙，制动状态下的链条3.4，则会带动第一齿轮3.1顺时针转动，第一齿轮3.1带动第二齿轮4.5转动，第二齿轮4.5依次带动键轮4.4、驱动轮4.3转动，致使棘轮4.2两侧的摩擦片再次被压紧并保持制动力，从而实现逐渐缓解功能。
综上，本发明实例通过创新设计手制动机主动轴的离合机构，有效解决既有手制动机出现的快速缓解不良等问题；棘舌6.5与棘轮4.2的啮合设计，即使手制动机在缓解时，棘舌6.5仍在起作用，实现棘轮4.2不可逆时针转动，得以进行逐渐缓解功能时，可以再次压紧棘轮4.2两侧的摩擦片并保持制动力；卷链轮3.2上设有与链条3.4啮合的机构，与链条端部连接的减速缓冲器3.5、箱盖组成上的第一限位板、第二限位板等共同配合，实现链条3.4在卷链轮3.2上转动时不产生重复缠绕的情况，并能保证链条输出力稳定的同时，实现链条的卷入量不小于1016mm；在保证手制动安装孔间距、外形尺寸等符合AAR标准的情况下，增加齿轮的齿数比值，提高了手制动机的制动倍率，满足铁路货车重载技术发展需求。
以上，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，应当指出，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明所揭示的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内，其余未详细说明的为现有技术。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种铁路货车用手制动机，其特征在于：包括底座(1)、箱盖(2)、卷链轮机构(3)、主动轴机构(4)、手轮机构(5)以及手柄机构(6)；所述卷链轮机构(3)设置在底座(1)与箱盖(2)之间围成的容纳腔下方；所述主动轴机构(4)设置在卷链轮机构(3)的上方用于驱动其正向或者反向旋转，所述主动轴机构(4)的一端转动安装在底座(1)上，所述主动轴机构(4)的另一端穿出箱盖(2)与手轮机构(5)连接；所述手柄机构(6)设置在主动轴机构(4)的上方用于驱动其旋转。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的铁路货车用手制动机，其特征在于：所述卷链轮机构(3)包括第一齿轮(3.1)、卷链轮(3.2)、安装轴(3.3)、以及链条(3.4)，所述第一齿轮(3.1)与卷链轮(3.2)穿设在安装轴(3.3)上，且第一齿轮(3.1)与卷链轮(3.2)传动连接；所述安装轴(3.3)的一端转动安装在底座(1)上，另一端转动安装在箱盖(2)上；所述链条(3.4)绕设在卷链轮(3.2)上，所述链条(3.4)的一端悬置，另一端设置有减速缓冲器(3.5)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的铁路货车用手制动机，其特征在于：所述卷链轮(3.2)的内圈环绕设置有若干个凸齿(3.21)，所述链条(3.4)与凸齿(3.21)相啮合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的铁路货车用手制动机，其特征在于：所述箱盖(2)内设置有第一限位板(2.1)和第二限位板(2.2)，所述卷链轮(3.2)位于第一限位板(2.1)和第二限位板(2.2)围成的限位腔内用于防止链条在卷链轮(3.2)上重叠缠绕。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3或4所述的铁路货车用手制动机，其特征在于：所述主动轴机构(4)包括主动轴(4.1)，所述主动轴(4.1)上依次设置有棘轮(4.2)、驱动轮(4.3)、键轮(4.4)以及第二齿轮(4.5)；
    所述驱动轮(4.3)与主动轴(4.1)之间螺纹连接，所述键轮(4.4)可相对于驱动轮(4.3)左右移动以使得键轮(4.4)与第二齿轮(4.5)卡合或者分离，所述键轮(4.4)与驱动轮(4.3)之间设置有复位弹簧(4.6)，所述第二齿轮(4.5)与第一齿轮(3.1)相啮合。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的铁路货车用手制动机，其特征在于：所述主动轴(4.1)上还设有用于对驱动轮(4.3)进行轴向限位的定位销(4.7)；所述主动轴(4.1)靠近底座(1)的一端端部通过弹性圆柱销(4.8)安装有轴套(4.9)，所述主动轴(4.1)的另一端与手轮机构(5)连接；所述手轮机构(5)包括手轮(5.1)和设置在手轮(5.1)上的轮毂(5.2)，所述手轮(5.1)通过锁紧件与主动轴(4.1)固定连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的铁路货车用手制动机，其特征在于：所述棘轮(4.2)的一侧设置有第一摩擦片(4.10)，所述棘轮(4.2)的另一侧设置有第二摩擦片(4.11)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的铁路货车用手制动机，其特征在于：所述驱动轮(4.3)包括驱动轮本体(4.31)和驱动轴(4.32)，所述驱动轴(4.32)的外壁上设置有若干沿其轴向延伸的导向槽(4.33)，所述键轮(4.4)的内圈设置有与导向槽(4.33)匹配的导向块(4.41)；
    所述第二齿轮(4.5)朝向键轮(4.4)的一侧上设置有若干个凸爪(4.51)，所述键轮(4.4)上设置有若干个与凸爪(4.51)匹配的孔槽(4.42)；
    所述键轮(4.4)可在手柄机构(6)的驱动作用下沿驱动轴(4.32)滑动以使得键轮(4.4)的孔槽(4.42)与第二齿轮(4.5)的凸爪(4.51)相卡合或者分离。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的铁路货车用手制动机，其特征在于：所述手柄机构(6)包括手柄(6.1)、横向拨架(6.2)以及纵向拨架(6.3)；所述手柄(6.1)设置在横向拨架(6.2)的一端与其固定连接，所述横向拨架(6.2)的另一端设置有拨块(6.4)；所述横向拨架(6.2)上设置有用于与棘轮(4.2)相匹配的棘舌(6.5)，所述棘舌(6.5)上设置有弹簧(6.6)，所述弹簧(6.6)的一端与棘舌(6.5)固定连接，所述弹簧(6.6)的另一端与箱盖(2)抵接；
    所述纵向拨架(6.3)设置在横向拨架(6.2)的下方，所述纵向拨架(6.3)的两端与箱盖(2)转动连接，所述横向拨架(6.2)可在手柄(6.1)的作用下驱动拨块(6.4)转动下压纵向拨架(6.3)，以带动纵向拨架(6.3)转动来推动键轮(4.4)沿驱动轴(4.32)滑动以使得键轮(4.4)的孔槽(4.42)与第二齿轮(4.5)的凸爪(4.51)相分离。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的铁路货车用手制动机，其特征在于：所述纵向拨架(6.3)包括拨杆(6.31)、第一旋转板(6.32)以及第二旋转板(6.33)，所述拨杆(6.31)的一端与第 一旋转板(6.32)固定连接，所述拨杆(6.31)的另一端与第二旋转板(6.33)固定连接，所述第一旋转板(6.32)、第二旋转板(6.33)分别通过销轴(6.34)与箱盖(2)转动连接。
PCT/CN2022/105048 2021-11-09 2022-07-12 铁路货车用手制动机 WO2023082680A1 (zh)

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