WO2023082439A1 - 一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法 - Google Patents

一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023082439A1
WO2023082439A1 PCT/CN2021/141063 CN2021141063W WO2023082439A1 WO 2023082439 A1 WO2023082439 A1 WO 2023082439A1 CN 2021141063 W CN2021141063 W CN 2021141063W WO 2023082439 A1 WO2023082439 A1 WO 2023082439A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
parts
seeds
treatment solution
tropical
sandy land
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/141063
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王旭
马王睿
Original Assignee
海南大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 海南大学 filed Critical 海南大学
Publication of WO2023082439A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023082439A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of restoration of coastal sandy land, in particular to a method for rapid greening of tropical and subtropical coastal sandy land.
  • the sand beds of tropical and subtropical coastal sandy lands are special, lacking real soil and fertility, and most plants do not have the soil requirements for growth and reproduction.
  • the floating and unstable sand in the sandy land also causes inconvenience to the landscape, production and life. It is not uncommon to use empirical methods for sand control in ordinary deserts, but tropical and subtropical coastal sandy lands have the characteristics of extreme environments such as high light, high salinity, high humidity, many typhoons, heavy rains, and lack of fresh water. It is suitable for greening in tropical and subtropical coastal sandy land. And compared with the general inland areas, the plant species in the tropical and subtropical coastal sandy land are relatively simple.
  • Publication No. CN105900663B provides a greening method for coastal saline-alkali land in South China. It uses 1.5-2-year-old Pampas saplings, and salt millet seeds soaked in 0.1% KNO3 for 24 hours to accelerate germination. Cultivate with matrix soil composed of farmyard manure, control the planting hole specifications and spacing of saplings and seeds, and rebuild the vegetation of the coastal saline-alkali land in South China; Publication No. CN104488531A provides a method for building near-natural vegetation in the southern coastal sandy land.
  • the present invention provides a kind of method for tropical, subtropical sandy land rapid afforestation, the seeds of Pittosporum and Vitex pratense are treated, the germination time of seeds is shortened, and the growth rate of Pittosporum and Vitex pratense seeds is improved.
  • Germination rate increase the flavin content and total flavonoid content of Vitex pratense fruit; through the mixed planting mode, use Vitex pratense to improve the lack of ground coverage in the initial stage of planting, and increase the seedling rate of Pittosporum And the number of leaves, so that the coastal sandy land can complete more rapid sand fixation and beautiful greening, increase the level and green quantity of the landscape, and achieve the effect of sandy land greening and landscaping.
  • Scaevola sericea Vahl (scientific name: Scaevola sericea Vahl), is an erect or spreading shrub of the Scaevola family, Scaevola sericea genus, sometimes rooting on the branches, or a small tree, up to 7 meters high. Distributed in China's Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places, it grows by the sea, usually on open sandy land or coastal cliffs. It plays an important role in restoring the degraded tropical island ecosystem and is the advantage of tropical island plants. One of the tree species.
  • Vitex trifolia L.var. simplicifolia Cham is a variant of Vitex trifolia L.var. simplicifolia Cham in the family Verbenaceae. Deciduous shrubs, rarely small trees, up to 5 m tall, fragrant; stems prostrate, often with adventitious roots at nodes.
  • the single leaves are opposite, the leaves are obovate or nearly round, the top is usually blunt or short pointed, the base is wedge-shaped, the surface is green, and both sides are slightly raised.
  • the panicle is terminal, the peduncle is densely covered with gray-white hairs; the calyx is bell-shaped, the corolla is lavender or blue-purple, and the stamens protrude from the corolla; the ovary and style are glabrous, and the drupe is nearly round, black when mature; the calyx is persistent, It blooms from July to August and bears fruit from August to October.
  • a method for rapid greening of tropical and subtropical coastal sandy land characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • Step S1 Take Pittosporum seeds, place them in a dark place for 2-4 hours, air-dry them naturally for 13-17 hours, soak them in water for 10-14 hours, remove the exocarp, add treatment solution A and soak them for 22-26 hours, and obtain strengthened Pittosporum seeds;
  • the treatment solution A includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-40 parts of seawater with a salinity of 3-5 ⁇ , 8-11 parts of zinc sulfate and 2-3 parts of EM strains;
  • Step S2 Take the Vitex vitae seeds, add treatment solution B to soak them for 12-18 minutes, and then cultivate them at a constant temperature to obtain strengthened Vitex vitae seeds;
  • the treatment solution B includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of gibberellin, 15-18 parts of concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass concentration of 85-90%, 12-15 parts of Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product and 8-12 parts of ammonium phosphate;
  • Step S3 Excavate horizontal ditches with a row spacing of 25 to 30 cm, sow the enhanced seeds of Pittosporum chinensis and the enhanced seeds of Vitex chinensis in the horizontal ditch at a quantitative ratio of 1 to 2:2 to 3, and the space between the seeds The distance is 10-15cm, and water is regularly sprayed to make the humidity of the horizontal ditch 55-65%.
  • the treatment solution A includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 38 parts of seawater with a salinity of 4 ⁇ , 9 parts of zinc sulfate and 2.5 parts of EM bacteria.
  • volume ratio of the treatment liquid A to Pittosporum seeds is 2.5-4:0.5-1.8.
  • the treatment solution B includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of gibberellin with a mass concentration of 180-220 mg/L, 16 parts of concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass concentration of 85-90%, 13 parts of Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product and ammonium phosphate 10 servings.
  • Paenibacillus polymyxa fermented product is obtained by inoculating Paenibacillus polymyxa powder with an inoculum amount of 90-100 cfu/g into bagasse and fermenting at 25-28° C. for 8-10 hours.
  • volume ratio of the treatment liquid B to the Vitex vitae seeds is 3.5-4.5:1.2-2.
  • the constant temperature cultivation is to heat the treatment solution B to 25-28°C, soak at a constant temperature for 10-12 hours, replace with new treatment solution B, and soak for 2-4 hours.
  • step S3 after the sowing is completed, the protective matrix with a thickness of 0.5-1 cm is covered in the horizontal ditch, wherein the protective matrix is composed of peat soil, coconut peat and sand in a mass ratio of 16-20:12-15:30 ⁇ 36 mixed.
  • the nutrient solution is sprayed every 3 to 4 days for a total of 55 to 65 days, and the spraying amount is 250 to 280mL/m 2 ; wherein, the nutrient solution, by weight, has a mass concentration of 60 to It is prepared by mixing 10-12 parts of 80mg/L gibberellin, 13-15 parts of Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product and 50-55 parts of water.
  • the radius range extending outwards of 4-5cm with the seedlings as the center of the circle is the covering soil area, and the covering thickness in the covering soil area is loam soil with a thickness of 0.8 ⁇ 1cm.
  • a gravel layer; the width of the gravel layer is 0.5-0.6 cm, the thickness is 0.5-0.8 cm, and the particle size of the gravel is 20-30 mm.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) the present invention selects the plant Pittosporum pratense and the white-backed vitex as the species for afforesting the tropics and subtropical coastal sandy lands with tropical characteristics of high temperature resistance and beach characteristics, through Treating the seeds in the early stage can shorten the germination time of Pittonia pratense and Vitex pratense seeds, increase the germination rate and seedling rate of seeds, and control the germination rate of seeds, so that Vitex pratense grows rapidly first, covering On the ground, the growth of other weeds is inhibited, and Pittosporum can grow together with Vitex white-backed at a certain growth rate; the invention adopts a specific mixed planting and seedling treatment method to make the seedlings grow better, and can realize coastal sandy land rapid greening; compared with other pioneer plants in sandy land, Pittonia and Vitex have better tourism value and environmental civilization value.
  • Pittonia has bright colors, long flowering period and beautiful branch shape, so it is often ornamental plant.
  • Pittosporum and other plants of the genus Pittosporum have become the main ornamental gardening plants in Australia and other countries, and Vitex chinensis also has good ornamental value, which is conducive to the ornamental value of coastal sand greening and saves manpower and material resources. It greatly improves the observability of coastal sandy land and meets the tourism demand of tropical and subtropical coastal sandy land.
  • the present invention adopts seawater, zinc sulfate and EM bacterial classification to process Pittonia pratense seeds, and seawater and zinc sulfate play the effect of activating EM bacterial classification, can make the microbial activity of bacterial classification improve, form dominant flora and produce corresponding Antibiotic substances not only soften the endocarp of Pittosporum seeds, increase the absorption rate of seeds, but also enhance the ability of seed hypocotyls to break through the endocarp, shorten the germination time of Pittosporum seeds, and increase the germination rate and seedling rate of seeds , to further enhance the survival ability of vegetation under the burial of wind and sand, and play a role in preventing soil erosion.
  • the present invention adopts gibberellin, concentrated sulfuric acid, Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product and ammonium phosphate to process Vitex vitae seeds, and concentrated sulfuric acid softens the seed shell, so that Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product and ammonium phosphate can be immersed in the seeds
  • the cytokinin and auxin produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa together with gibberellin, enhance the activity of various enzymes in the seed, and promote the absorption and decomposition of the treatment liquid components by the seed
  • ammonium phosphate can Provide basic nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus for the growth and reproduction of cells, and decompose into ammonium dihydrogen phosphate when heated, which can provide the fertilizer needed for seed growth
  • the fermentation product of Paenibacillus polymyxa has high protein and amino acid content, which can increase Nutrients stored in the seed embryo shorten the germination time of Vitex vitae seeds.
  • the present invention selects Pittosporum and Vitex, adopts specific mixed planting and seedling treatment mode, by controlling the quantity ratio of seeds, planting spacing and covering protection matrix, and spraying nutrient solution and seedling, can improve
  • the survival rate of seedlings can make Pittosporum and Vitex spp. seedlings grow synchronously, and promote the growth and development of seedlings, so that Pittosporum and Vitex syringae can grow rapidly in tropical and subtropical coastal sandy land, and realize greening The role of coastal sand.
  • a method for rapid greening of tropical and subtropical coastal sandy land comprising the following steps:
  • Step S1 Take Pittosporum seeds, place them in a dark place for 2 hours, air-dry them naturally for 13 hours, soak them in water for 10 hours, remove the exocarp, add treatment solution A and soak them for 22 hours, and obtain Pittosporum fortified seeds;
  • treatment solution A is made of 3 It is prepared by stirring 350g of seawater with ⁇ salinity, 80g of zinc sulfate and 20g of EM bacteria, and the volume ratio of treatment solution A to seeds is 2.5:0.5;
  • Step S2 Take the Vitex vitae seeds, add treatment solution B to soak for 12 minutes, heat the treatment solution B to 25°C, soak at a constant temperature for 10 hours, replace with new treatment solution B, and soak for 2 hours to obtain strengthened Vitex vitae seeds;
  • the treatment solution B is made by stirring 200 g of gibberellin with a mass concentration of 180 mg/L, 150 g of concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass concentration of 85%, 120 g of Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product, and 8 g of ammonium phosphate. The ratio is 3.6:1.2.
  • Step S3 Excavate horizontal furrows with a row spacing of 25 cm. Sow 50 Pittosporum fortified seeds and 150 Vitex chinensis fortified seeds in the horizontal furrows at a quantity ratio of 1:3. The distance between the seeds is 10cm. After the sowing is completed, the protective substrate with a thickness of 0.5cm is covered in the horizontal ditch.
  • the protective substrate is made of peat soil, coconut peat and sand at a mass ratio of 16:15:30, and the nutrient solution is sprayed every 3 days , sprayed for a total of 55 days, and the spraying rate was 250mL/m 2 , in which the nutrient solution was mixed with 1 kg of gibberellin with a mass concentration of 60 mg/L, 1.3 kg of Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product and 5 kg of water, and sprayed regularly Clean water makes the sand bed humidity 55%.
  • the Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product is obtained by inoculating Paenibacillus polymyxa powder into bagasse at an inoculum amount of 90 cfu/g, and fermenting at 25° C. for 8 hours.
  • the height of the seedlings of Vitex pratense is greater than 30cm, take the seedlings as the center of the circle and extend the radius range of 4cm outwards to be the soil covering area, and the covering thickness in the covering soil area is loam with a thickness of 0.8cm, and a circle with a width and thickness of 0.5cm gravel layer, the particle size of the gravel is 20mm.
  • a method for rapid greening of tropical and subtropical coastal sandy land comprising the following steps:
  • Step S1 Take Pittosporum seeds, place them in a dark place for 4 hours, air-dry them naturally for 17 hours, soak them in water for 14 hours, remove the exocarp, add treatment solution A and soak them for 26 hours, and obtain Pittosporum fortified seeds; wherein, treatment solution A is made of 3 It is prepared by stirring 400g of seawater with ⁇ salinity, 110g of zinc sulfate and 30g of EM strain. The volume ratio of treatment solution A to seeds is 2.7:1.8;
  • Step S2 Take the Vitex vitae seeds, add treatment solution B to soak for 18 minutes, heat the treatment solution B to 28°C, soak at a constant temperature for 12 hours, replace with new treatment solution B, and soak for 4 hours to obtain strengthened Vitex vitae seeds;
  • the treatment liquid B is made by stirring 300 g of gibberellin with a mass concentration of 220 mg/L, 180 g of concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass concentration of 90%, 150 g of Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product, and 120 g of ammonium phosphate. The ratio is 4.5:2.
  • Step S3 Excavate horizontal furrows with a row spacing of 30 cm, sow 80 Pittosporum fortified seeds and 120 Vitex radix fortified seeds in the horizontal furrows at a quantity ratio of 2:3, with the distance between the seeds
  • the protective substrate with a thickness of 1cm is covered in the horizontal ditch.
  • the protective substrate is made of peat soil, coconut peat and sand in a mass ratio of 20:12:36, and the nutrient solution is sprayed every 3 days.
  • the fermented product of Paenibacillus polymyxa is obtained by inoculating Paenibacillus polymyxa powder into bagasse at an inoculation amount of 100 cfu/g, and fermenting at 28° C. for 10 h.
  • the seedling seedling height of Vitex alba is greater than 30cm, take the seedling as the center of the circle and extend the radius range of 4cm outwards to be the soil covering area, and the covering thickness is 0.8cm loam in the covering soil area, and a circle of width of 0.6cm and 0.6cm is laid outside the covering soil area A gravel layer with a thickness of 0.8 cm and a grain size of the gravel is 30 mm.
  • a method for rapid greening of tropical and subtropical coastal sandy land comprising the following steps:
  • Step S1 Take Pittosporum seeds, place them in a dark place for 3 hours, air-dry them naturally for 15 hours, soak them in water for 12 hours, remove the exocarp, add treatment solution A and soak them for 24 hours, and obtain Pittosporum fortified seeds; wherein, treatment solution A is made of 3.5 It is prepared by stirring 380g of seawater with ⁇ salinity, 90g of zinc sulfate and 25g of EM strain. The volume ratio of treatment solution A to seeds is 3.5:1.4;
  • Step S2 Take Vitex vitae seeds, add treatment solution B to soak for 14 minutes, heat treatment solution B to 26°C, soak at constant temperature for 12 hours, replace with new treatment solution B, and soak for 3.5 hours to obtain strengthened Vitex vitae seeds
  • treatment solution B is stirred by the concentrated sulfuric acid 160g of the gibberellin 250g of mass concentration 200mg/L, mass concentration 85%, 130g of Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product and ammonium phosphate 100g form, treatment solution B and seed
  • the volume ratio is 4:1.6.
  • Step S3 Excavate horizontal furrows with a row spacing of 25 cm, plant 100 Pittosporum fortified seeds and 100 Vitex vetia fortified seeds in the horizontal furrows at a quantity ratio of 1:1, and the distance between the seeds is After the sowing is completed, the protective substrate with a thickness of 1cm is covered in the horizontal ditch.
  • the protective substrate is made of peat soil, coconut peat and sand with a mass ratio of 19:14:33.
  • the nutrient solution is sprayed every 4 days.
  • the spraying amount is 260mL/m 2 , in which the nutrient solution is mixed with 1.2kg of gibberellin with a mass concentration of 70mg/L, 1.5kg of Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product and 5.5kg of water, and regularly Spray clean water to make the sand bed humidity 65%.
  • the Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product is obtained by inoculating Paenibacillus polymyxa powder into bagasse at an inoculum amount of 100 cfu/g, and fermenting at 26° C. for 9 hours.
  • the height of the seedlings of Vitex chinensis is greater than 30cm, take the seedlings as the center of the circle and extend the radius range of 4cm outwards to be the soil covering area.
  • the loam with a thickness of 1cm is covered, and a circle with a width of 0.6cm and a thickness of 0.6cm is laid outside the soil covering area.
  • the gravel layer is 0.7cm, and the particle size of the gravel is 25mm.
  • a method for rapid greening of tropical and subtropical coastal sandy land comprising the following steps:
  • Step S1 Take Pittosporum seeds, place them in a dark place for 3 hours, air-dry them naturally for 15 hours, soak them in water for 12 hours, remove the exocarp, add treatment solution A and soak them for 24 hours, and obtain Pittosporum fortified seeds; wherein, the treatment solution A is prepared by 3.5 It is prepared by stirring 380g of seawater with ⁇ salinity, 90g of zinc sulfate and 25g of EM strain. The volume ratio of treatment solution A to seeds is 3.6:1.2;
  • Step S2 Take Vitex vitae seeds, add treatment solution B to soak for 15 minutes, heat treatment solution B to 26°C, soak at constant temperature for 11 hours, replace with new treatment solution B, and soak for 3.5 hours to obtain strengthened Vitex vitae seeds
  • treatment solution B is stirred by the concentrated sulfuric acid 160g of the gibberellin 250g of mass concentration 200mg/L, mass concentration 85%, 130g of Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product and ammonium phosphate 100g form, treatment solution B and seed
  • the volume ratio is 3.6:1.8.
  • Step S3 Excavate horizontal furrows with a row spacing of 28 cm. Sow 60 Pittosporum fortified seeds and 120 Vitex chinensis fortified seeds in the horizontal furrows at a quantity ratio of 1:2. The distance between the seeds is 12cm.
  • the protective substrate with a thickness of 0.8cm is covered in the horizontal ditch.
  • the protective substrate is composed of peat soil, coconut peat and sand in a mass ratio of 18:13:35, and the nutrients are sprayed every 4 days.
  • the nutrient solution was sprayed for a total of 60 days, and the spraying rate was 260mL/m 2 , wherein the nutrient solution was mixed with 1.1kg of gibberellin with a mass concentration of 70mg/L, 1.4kg of Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product and 5.2kg of water , and regularly spray clear water to make the sand bed humidity 65%.
  • the Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product is obtained by inoculating Paenibacillus polymyxa powder into bagasse at an inoculum amount of 95 cfu/g, and fermenting at 26° C. for 9 hours.
  • the radius range of 5cm extending outwards with the seedling is the soil covering area, and the covering thickness is 0.8cm loam in the covering soil area, and a circle width of 0.6cm and A gravel layer with a thickness of 0.7 cm and a grain size of the gravel is 25 mm.
  • nutrient solution is made of gibberellin 2kg of mass concentration 100mg/L, Paenibacillus polymyxa It is made by mixing 2kg of fermented product and 3.6kg of water.
  • the difference is that the proportioning of the treatment solution A is different, that is, the treatment solution A consists of 300g of seawater with a salinity of 10 ⁇ , 150g of zinc sulfate and EM bacteria Stir 40g of seeds.
  • treatment solution B is made of gibberellin 350g of mass concentration 240mg/L, mass concentration 95 % concentrated sulfuric acid 100g, Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product 100g and ammonium phosphate 50g are stirred.
  • the difference is that the Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product of the treatment solution B is replaced by the Paenibacillus polymyxa powder, that is, the treatment solution B is made of quality It is prepared by stirring 250 g of gibberellin with a concentration of 200 mg/L, 160 g of concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass concentration of 85%, 130 g of Paenibacillus polymyxa powder and 100 g of ammonium phosphate.
  • the difference is that the Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation product of the treatment solution B is replaced by the Bacillus subtilis fermentation product, that is, the preparation of the Bacillus subtilis fermentation product
  • the method is as follows: Bacillus subtilis powder is inoculated into bagasse at an inoculum amount of 95cfu/g, and fermented at 26°C for 9 hours.
  • the treatment solution B consists of 250g of gibberellin with a mass concentration of 200mg/L and 160g of concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass concentration of 85%. 130g of Bacillus subtilis fermentation product and 100g of ammonium phosphate are mixed and stirred.
  • the difference is that the sowing quantity ratio of Pittosporum fortified seeds and Vitex verticae fortified seeds is 3:1.
  • Assay method get the culture box, the box is housed with the sandy soil that gets to the seaside sandy land, the Pittonia chinensis seeds and the Vitex vitae seeds that the embodiment of the present invention 1 ⁇ 4 and comparative example 1 ⁇ 4 are soaked processed, Place them in the culture box respectively, spray clear water regularly to make the sandy soil humidity 65%, regard the seed germination when the radicle breaks through the seed coat, if the seed does not germinate after 28 days, it is regarded as invalid seed, and record the germination time of the seeds within 28 days respectively.
  • the germination time of the seeds of Pittosporum and Vitex in Examples 1-4 of the present invention are 13.8-17.5d and 6.2-10.2d respectively, indicating that the treatment with seawater, zinc sulfate and EM strains in specific proportions
  • the germination time of the seeds of Pittosporum and Vitex can be shortened by using specific ratio of gibberellin, concentrated sulfuric acid, Paenibacillus polymyxa fermented product and ammonium phosphate to treat the seeds of Vitex vetex.
  • Leaf area measurement method use YMJ-P2 leaf area measuring instrument to measure leaf area, select representative leaves for each plant, and randomly select 5 leaves from the top and bottom four directions;
  • Flavin determination method use ultimate 3000 high performance liquid chromatography to determine the flavin content; chromatographic conditions: Diamonsil-C18 chromatographic column (250mm ⁇ 4.6mm), column temperature is room temperature, detection wavelength is 258nm, flow rate is 1.0mL/min, The sample volume is 20 ⁇ L, the mobile phase has a thickness of 0.45 ⁇ m, and the mobile phase is composed of methanol and 0.4% phosphoric acid solution with a volume ratio of 60:40; sample solution preparation: take Vitex vitae fruit, crush it through 30 meshes, and accurately weigh 10.00 g , add 120mL of 75% methanol, concentrate under reduced pressure in a water bath, then add 75% methanol and repeat concentration under reduced pressure in a water bath for 2-3 times, cool, add 120mL of 75% methanol to dissolve, filter, and then filter through a 0.45 ⁇ m microporous membrane to obtain a sample Liquid, randomly selected 3 Vitex vinifera fruits to prepare the sample liquid; Viticexanthin was selected
  • Determination method of total flavonoids use a 7230G visible spectrophotometer to determine the content of total flavonoids; take Vitex vitae fruit, crush it through 30 meshes, weigh 10.00g accurately, add 120mL of 70% ethanol, concentrate under reduced pressure in a water bath, and then add 70% ethanol Repeat decompression and concentration in a water bath for 2-3 times, cool, add 70% ethanol to dissolve, filter, and dilute to 100mL to obtain a sample solution, randomly select 3 Vitex vitae fruits to prepare the sample solution; take 1mL of the sample solution, add 5% Sodium nitrite solution 0.5mL, let stand for 6min, add 0.5mL of 10% aluminum nitrate solution, let stand for 6min, add 4% NaOH solution 4mL, shake well, 70% ethanol to 10mL volumetric flask, let stand for 20min, then Absorbance was measured at 510nm; rutin was selected as the standard reference substance.
  • the present invention uses a scientifically proportioned treatment solution to pre-treat Pittosporum seeds and Vitex radix seeds, and through a specific mixed planting method, combined with a certain seedling treatment method, can shorten the time of Pittosporum.
  • the germination time of seeds and vitex seeds not only improves the germination rate and seedling rate of seeds, but also promotes the growth and development of seedlings, further improves the leaf area of Pittonia chinensis and improves the flavin content and flavin content of vitex fruit.
  • the total flavonoid content can increase the landscape layering and greening amount of the coastal sandy land, and realize the rapid greening effect of the coastal sandy land.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，将草海桐和白背蔓荆的种子分别采用处理液A和处理液B进行处理，处理液A包括以下重量份原料：3～5‰盐度的海水35～40份、硫酸锌8～11份和EM菌种2～3份，处理液B包括以下重量份原料：质量浓度180～220mg/L的赤霉素20～30份、质量浓度85～90％的浓硫酸15～18份、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物12～15份和磷酸铵8～12份。本发明采用科学配比的处理液，并结合特定的混合种植方式和幼苗的处理方式，不仅缩短草海桐和白背蔓荆种子的萌发时间，还可提高种子的发芽率，并增大草海桐叶面积和增加白背蔓荆果实的黄素和总黄酮含量，使滨海沙地快速地实现景观美化和沙地绿化的效果。

Description

一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及滨海沙地恢复领域，特别涉及一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法。
背景技术
热带、亚热带滨海沙地的沙床特殊，缺少真正的土壤及肥力，大部分植物没有所需要的生长繁殖的土壤要求。沙地中沙子飘散不固定也造成了景观、生产生活的不便。对于普通沙漠治沙治理的经验方式并不少见，但是热带、亚热带滨海沙地具有高光照、高盐、高湿、多台风、多暴雨、缺淡水等极端环境的特点导致一般的固沙绿化方法不适用于热带、亚热带滨海沙地的绿化。且与一般内陆地区对比，热带、亚热带滨海沙地的植物种类比较单一。近几年来人类活动的影响也导致大部分滨海沙地植物生态系统出现退化的现象，滨海沙质海岸土壤长期受到海水和风沙侵蚀，滨海植物生存受到盐分胁迫和风沙掩埋危害，导致热带、亚热带地区的滨海植被减少，沙化现象严重。因此，滨海沙地的固沙与绿化也是人类所面临的极为重要的一项任务。
公开号CN105900663B提供一种华南滨海盐碱地的绿化方法，选用1.5-2年生的水黄皮树苗，和经0.1％KNO 3浸泡24小时催芽处理的盐地鼠尾粟种子，采用由黄土、细河沙和农家肥组成的基质土壤进行栽培，控制树苗和种子的种植穴规格和间距，重建华南滨海盐碱地的植被；公开号CN104488531A提供一种在南方滨海沙地营建近自然植被的方法，选用厚藤、草海桐、鬣刺、单叶蔓荆、长春花和假马鞭等6种植物，形成2种组合种植，2个月左右可形成近自然植被，存活率高。上述现有技术是直接通过种植树苗或幼苗，仅是达到改善盐碱地或滨海沙地的绿化效果，并未进一步充分地利用植物的特性，在实现景观美化的同时实现植物的药用价值。
发明内容
鉴于此，本发明提供一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，将草海桐和白背蔓荆的种子进行处理，缩短种子的萌发时间、提高草海桐和白背蔓荆种子的发芽率、提高白背蔓荆果实的黄素含量和总黄酮含量；通过混合种植的模式，以白背蔓荆改良草海桐在种植初期被地覆盖的不足，提高草海桐的成苗率和叶片数量，使滨海沙地完成更加迅速的固沙以及美观的绿化，增加景观的层次与绿量，达到沙地绿化、景观美化的效果。
草海桐(学名：Scaevola sericea Vahl)，是草海桐科、草海桐属直立或铺散灌木，有时枝上生根，或为小乔木，高可达7米。分布于中国的台湾、福建、广东、广西等地，生长于海边，通常在开旷的海边砂地上或海岸峭壁上，对恢复退化的热带海岛生态系统具有重要的作用，是热带海岛植物的优势树种之一。
白背蔓荆(学名：Vitex trifolia L.var.simplicifolia Cham)，是马鞭草科，牡荆属蔓荆的变种。落叶灌木，罕为小乔木，高可达5米，有香味；茎匍匐，节处常生不定根。单叶对生，叶片倒卵形或近圆形，顶端通常钝圆或有短尖头，基部楔形，表面绿色，两面稍隆起。圆锥花序顶生，花序梗密被灰白色绒毛；花萼钟形，花冠淡紫色或蓝紫色，雄蕊伸出花冠外；子房、花柱无毛，核果近圆形，成熟时黑色；果萼宿存，7-8月开花，8-10月结果。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：取草海桐种子，置于黑暗处2～4h后，自然风干13～17h，加水浸泡10～14h，去外果皮，加入处理液A浸泡22～26h，得草海桐强化种子；其中，处理液A包括以下重量份原料：3～5‰盐度的海水35～40份、硫酸锌8～11份和EM菌种2～3份；
步骤S2：取白背蔓荆种子，加入处理液B浸泡12～18min后，恒温培育，得白背蔓荆强化种子；其中，处理液B包括以下重量份原料：质量浓度180～220mg/L的赤霉素20～30份、质量浓度85～90％的浓硫酸15～18份、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物12～15份和磷酸铵8～12份；
步骤S3：开挖横沟，横沟间的行距为25～30cm，将草海桐强化种子和白背 蔓荆强化种子按数量比为1～2：2～3播种至横沟内，种子间相距10～15cm，并定期喷洒清水使横沟的湿度为55～65％。
进一步说明，处理液A包括以下重量份原料：4‰盐度的海水38份、硫酸锌9份和EM菌种2.5份。
进一步说明，处理液A与草海桐种子的体积比为2.5～4：0.5～1.8。
进一步说明，处理液B包括以下重量份原料：质量浓度180～220mg/L的赤霉素25份、质量浓度85～90％的浓硫酸16份、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物13份和磷酸铵10份。
进一步说明，多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物是由多粘类芽孢杆菌粉以接种量为90～100cfu/g，接种至甘蔗渣中，25～28℃发酵8～10h所得。
进一步说明，处理液B与白背蔓荆种子的体积比为3.5～4.5：1.2～2。
进一步说明，恒温培育为将处理液B加热至25～28℃，恒温浸泡10～12h后，更换新的处理液B，浸泡2～4h。
进一步说明，步骤S3中，播种完成后，在横沟内覆盖厚度为0.5～1cm的保护基质，其中，保护基质是由草炭土、椰糠和沙的质量比为16～20：12～15：30～36混合而成。
进一步说明，播种完成后，每隔3～4d喷施营养液，共喷施55～65d，喷施量为250～280mL/m 2；其中，营养液，按重量份计，由质量浓度60～80mg/L的赤霉素10～12份、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物13～15份和水50～55份混合而成。
进一步说明，待白背蔓荆的幼苗苗高大于30cm时，以幼苗为圆心向外延伸4-5cm的半径范围为覆土区，覆土区内覆盖厚度为0.8～1cm的壤土，覆土区外铺设一圈砾石层；所述砾石层的宽度为0.5～0.6cm，厚度为0.5～0.8cm，砾石的粒径为20～30mm。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：(1)本发明选择具有热带特性抗高温与海滩特性的植物草海桐和白背蔓荆作为绿化热带、亚热带滨海沙地的物种，通过前期对种子进行处理，可缩短草海桐和白背蔓荆种子的萌发时间，并提高种子的萌发率和成苗率，还可控制种子的萌发速率，使白背蔓荆先快速生长，覆盖地面，抑制其他杂草生长，而后草海桐以一定的生长速率，实现与白 背蔓荆共同生长；本发明采特定的混合种植和幼苗处理方式，使幼苗长势更好，可实现滨海沙地的快速绿化；相较于其他沙地先锋植物，海草桐与白背蔓荆拥有更好的旅游价值与环境文明价值，草海桐的花色艳丽，花期较长，枝型优美，故常为观赏型植物。草海桐等草海桐属植物在澳大利亚等国家已经成为主要的观赏性园艺植物，白背蔓荆也具有较好的观赏性价值，有利于滨海沙地绿化的可观赏性，节省人力物力，大大提升了滨海沙地的可观性，满足热带、亚热带滨海沙地对于旅游业的需求。
(2)本发明采用海水、硫酸锌和EM菌种处理草海桐种子，海水和硫酸锌起到活化EM菌种的作用，可使菌种的微生物活性提高，形成优势菌群并产生相应的抗生性物质，不仅软化草海桐种子的内果皮，提高种子的吸收速率，还可增强种子下胚轴突破内果皮的能力，缩短草海桐种子的萌发时间，提高种子萌发率和成苗率，进一步增强植被在风沙掩埋下的存活能力，起到防止水土流失的作用。
(3)本发明采用赤霉素、浓硫酸、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物和磷酸铵处理白背蔓荆种子，浓硫酸软化种壳，可使多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物和磷酸铵浸入种子胚内，多粘类芽孢杆菌产生的细胞分裂素和生长素，协同赤霉素共同增强种子内多种酶的活性，促进种子对处理液成分的吸收和分解；磷酸铵作为生物培养剂，可为细胞的生长和繁殖提供氮磷等基础营养物质，在加热时分解成磷酸二氢铵，可提供种子生长所需的肥料；多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物的蛋白质、氨基酸等含量高，可增加种子胚内储藏的营养成分，缩短白背蔓荆种子的萌发时间。
(4)本发明选用草海桐和白背蔓荆，采用特定的混合种植和幼苗处理方式，通过控制种子的数量比、种植间距和覆盖保护基质，并对幼苗喷施营养液和，可提高幼苗成活率，可使草海桐和白背蔓荆幼苗同步生长，并促进幼苗的生长发育，使草海桐和白背蔓荆在热带、亚热带的滨海沙地中能够快速的生长，实现绿化滨海沙地的作用。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容，下面提供具体实施例，对本发明做进一步的说明。
本发明实施例所用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
本发明实施例所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：取草海桐种子，置于黑暗处2h后，自然风干13h，加水浸泡10h，去外果皮，加入处理液A浸泡22h，得草海桐强化种子；其中，处理液A是由3‰盐度的海水350g、硫酸锌80g和EM菌种20g搅拌而成，处理液A与种子的体积比为2.5：0.5；
步骤S2：取白背蔓荆种子，加入处理液B浸泡12min后，将处理液B加热至25℃，恒温浸泡10h后，更换新的处理液B，浸泡2h，得白背蔓荆强化种子；其中，处理液B是由质量浓度180mg/L的赤霉素200g、质量浓度85％的浓硫酸150g、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物120g和磷酸铵8g搅拌而成，处理液B与种子的体积比为3.6：1.2。
步骤S3：开挖横沟，横沟间的行距为25cm，将草海桐强化种子50粒和白背蔓荆强化种子150粒，以1：3的数量比播种至横沟内，种子间相距10cm，播种完成后，横沟内覆盖厚度为0.5cm的保护基质，其中，保护基质是由草炭土、椰糠和沙的质量比为16：15：30混合而成，每隔3d喷施营养液，共喷施55d，喷施量为250mL/m 2，其中，营养液由质量浓度60mg/L的赤霉素1kg、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物1.3kg和水5kg混合而成，并定期喷洒清水使沙床湿度为55％。
其中，多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物是将多粘类芽孢杆菌粉以90cfu/g的接种量接种至甘蔗渣中，25℃发酵8h所得。
待白背蔓荆的幼苗苗高大于30cm时，以幼苗为圆心向外延伸4cm的半径范围为覆土区，覆土区内覆盖厚度为0.8cm的壤土，覆土区外铺设一圈宽度和厚度均为0.5cm的砾石层，砾石的粒径为20mm。
实施例2
一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：取草海桐种子，置于黑暗处4h后，自然风干17h，加水浸泡14h， 去外果皮，加入处理液A浸泡26h，得草海桐强化种子；其中，处理液A是由3‰盐度的海水400g、硫酸锌110g和EM菌种30g搅拌而成，处理液A与种子的体积比为2.7：1.8；
步骤S2：取白背蔓荆种子，加入处理液B浸泡18min后，将处理液B加热至28℃，恒温浸泡12h后，更换新的处理液B，浸泡4h，得白背蔓荆强化种子；其中，处理液B是由质量浓度220mg/L的赤霉素300g、质量浓度90％的浓硫酸180g、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物150g和磷酸铵120g搅拌而成，处理液B与种子的体积比为4.5：2。
步骤S3：开挖横沟，横沟间的行距为30cm，将草海桐强化种子80粒和白背蔓荆强化种子120粒，以2：3的数量比播种至横沟内，种子间相距15cm，播种完成后，横沟内覆盖厚度为1cm的保护基质，其中，保护基质是由草炭土、椰糠和沙的质量比为20：12：36混合而成，每隔3d喷施营养液，共喷施65d，喷施量为280mL/m 2，其中，营养液由质量浓度80mg/L的赤霉素1.2kg、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物1.5kg和水5.5kg混合而成，并定期喷洒清水使沙床湿度为65％。
其中，多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物是将多粘类芽孢杆菌粉以100cfu/g的接种量接种至甘蔗渣中，28℃发酵10h所得。
待白背蔓荆的幼苗苗高大于30cm时，以幼苗为圆心向外延伸4cm的半径范围为覆土区，覆土区内覆盖厚度为0.8cm的壤土，覆土区外铺设一圈宽度为0.6cm和厚度为0.8cm的的砾石层，砾石的粒径为30mm。
实施例3
一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：取草海桐种子，置于黑暗处3h后，自然风干15h，加水浸泡12h，去外果皮，加入处理液A浸泡24h，得草海桐强化种子；其中，处理液A是由3.5‰盐度的海水380g、硫酸锌90g和EM菌种25g搅拌而成，处理液A与种子的体积比为3.5：1.4；
步骤S2：取白背蔓荆种子，加入处理液B浸泡14min后，将处理液B加热至26℃，恒温浸泡12h后，更换新的处理液B，浸泡3.5h，得白背蔓荆强化 种子；其中，处理液B是由质量浓度200mg/L的赤霉素250g、质量浓度85％的浓硫酸160g、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物130g和磷酸铵100g搅拌而成，处理液B与种子的体积比为4：1.6。
步骤S3：开挖横沟，横沟间的行距为25cm，将草海桐强化种子100粒和白背蔓荆强化种子100粒，以1：1的数量比播种至横沟内，种子间相距12cm，播种完成后，横沟内覆盖厚度为1cm的保护基质，其中，保护基质是由草炭土、椰糠和沙的质量比为19：14：33混合而成，每隔4d喷施营养液，共喷施60d，喷施量为260mL/m 2，其中，营养液由质量浓度70mg/L的赤霉素1.2kg、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物1.5kg和水5.5kg混合而成，并定期喷洒清水使沙床湿度为65％。
其中，多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物是将多粘类芽孢杆菌粉以100cfu/g的接种量接种至甘蔗渣中，26℃发酵9h所得。
待白背蔓荆的幼苗苗高大于30cm时，以幼苗为圆心向外延伸4cm的半径范围为覆土区，覆土区内覆盖厚度为1cm的壤土，覆土区外铺设一圈宽度为0.6cm和厚度为0.7cm的砾石层，砾石的粒径为25mm。
实施例4
一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：取草海桐种子，置于黑暗处3h后，自然风干15h，加水浸泡12h，去外果皮，加入处理液A浸泡24h，得草海桐强化种子；其中，该处理液A由3.5‰盐度的海水380g、硫酸锌90g和EM菌种25g搅拌而成，处理液A与种子的体积比为3.6：1.2；
步骤S2：取白背蔓荆种子，加入处理液B浸泡15min后，将处理液B加热至26℃，恒温浸泡11h后，更换新的处理液B，浸泡3.5h，得白背蔓荆强化种子；其中，处理液B是由质量浓度200mg/L的赤霉素250g、质量浓度85％的浓硫酸160g、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物130g和磷酸铵100g搅拌而成，处理液B与种子的体积比为3.6：1.8。
步骤S3：开挖横沟，横沟间的行距为28cm，将草海桐强化种子60粒和白背蔓荆强化种子120粒，以1：2的数量比播种至横沟内，种子间相距12cm， 播种完成后，横沟内覆盖厚度为0.8cm的保护基质，其中，该保护基质是由草炭土、椰糠和沙的质量比为18：13：35混合而成，每隔4d喷施营养液，共喷施60d，喷施量为260mL/m 2，其中，该营养液由质量浓度70mg/L的赤霉素1.1kg、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物1.4kg和水5.2kg混合而成，并定期喷洒清水使沙床湿度为65％。
其中，多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物是将多粘类芽孢杆菌粉以95cfu/g的接种量接种至甘蔗渣中，26℃发酵9h所得。
待白背蔓荆的幼苗苗高大于30cm时，以幼苗为圆心向外延伸5cm的半径范围为覆土区，覆土区内覆盖厚度为0.8cm的壤土，覆土区外铺设一圈宽度为0.6cm和厚度为0.7cm的的砾石层，砾石的粒径为25mm。
实施例5
根据实施例4的一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其区别在于：营养液的配比不同，即，营养液由质量浓度100mg/L的赤霉素2kg、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物2kg和水3.6kg混合而成。
对比例1
根据实施例4的一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其区别在于：处理液A的配比不同，即，处理液A由10‰盐度的海水300g、硫酸锌150g和EM菌种40g搅拌而成。
对比例2
根据实施例4的一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其区别在于：处理液B的配比不同，即，处理液B由质量浓度240mg/L的赤霉素350g、质量浓度95％的浓硫酸100g、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物100g和磷酸铵50g搅拌而成。
对比例3
根据实施例4的一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其区别在于：采用多粘类芽孢杆菌粉替换处理液B的多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物，即，处理液B是由质量浓度200mg/L的赤霉素250g、质量浓度85％的浓硫酸160g、多粘类芽孢杆菌粉130g和磷酸铵100g搅拌而成。
对比例4
根据实施例4的一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其区别在于：采用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵物替换处理液B的多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物，即，枯草芽孢杆菌发酵物的制备方法为：将枯草芽孢杆菌粉以95cfu/g的接种量接种至甘蔗渣中，26℃发酵9h所得，处理液B由质量浓度200mg/L的赤霉素250g、质量浓度85％的浓硫酸160g、枯草芽孢杆菌发酵物130g和磷酸铵100g混合搅拌而成。
对比例5
根据实施例4的一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其区别在于：草海桐强化种子和白背蔓荆强化种子的播种数量比为3：1。
一、种子萌发实验
(1)测定方法：取培养盒，盒内装有取至滨海沙地的沙土，将本发明实施例1～4和对比例1～4浸泡处理过的草海桐种子和白背蔓荆种子，分别置于培养盒内，定期喷洒清水使沙土湿度为65％，以胚根突破种皮时视为种子萌发，若28d后种子未萌发则视为无效种子，分别记录种子28d内萌发的时间。
(2)测试结果如表1：
Figure PCTCN2021141063-appb-000001
由上表可知，本发明实施例1～4草海桐和白背蔓荆种子萌发时间分别为13.8～17.5d和6.2～10.2d，表明采用特定配比的海水、硫酸锌和EM菌种处理草海桐种子，采用特定配比的赤霉素、浓硫酸、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物和磷酸铵处理白背蔓荆种子，可缩短草海桐和白背蔓荆种子的萌发时间。
二、绿化种植实验
(1)测定方法：以胚根突出土壤视为种子发芽，播种至45d计算发芽率，发芽率＝(播种后的种子发芽数/播种的种子总数)×100％；
叶面积测定方法：采用YMJ-P2叶面积测定仪测定叶面积，每株选取代表性叶片，顶部和下部四个方位分别随机选取5个叶片；
黄素测定方法：采用ultimate 3000高效液相色谱仪测定黄素含量；色谱条件：Diamonsil-C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm)，柱温为室温检测波长为258nm，流速为1.0mL/min，上样量为20μL，流动相过0.45μm，流动相由体积比为60:40的甲醇和0.4％磷酸溶液组成；样品液制备：取白背蔓荆果实，粉碎过30目，准确称取10.00g，加入75％甲醇120mL，水浴减压浓缩，再加入75％甲醇重复水浴减压浓缩2-3次，冷却，加入75％甲醇120mL溶解，过滤，再经0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤，得样品液，随机选取3个白背蔓荆果实制备样品液；选用蔓荆子黄素为标准对照品；
总黄酮测定方法：采用7230G可见分光光度计测定总黄酮含量；取白背蔓荆果实，粉碎过30目，准确称取10.00g，加入70％乙醇120mL，水浴减压浓缩，再加入70％乙醇重复水浴减压浓缩2-3次，冷却，加入70％乙醇溶解，过滤，定容至100mL，得样品液，随机选取3个白背蔓荆果实制备样品液；取样品液1mL，加入5％亚硝酸钠溶液0.5mL，静置6min，加入10％硝酸铝溶液0.5mL，静置6min，加入4％NaOH溶液4mL，摇匀，70％乙醇定容至10mL容量瓶，静置20min后，于510nm处测定吸光度；选用芦丁为标准对照品。
(2)测试结果如表2：
Figure PCTCN2021141063-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021141063-appb-000003
由上表可知，本发明实施例1～5中，实施例4的草海桐发芽率达到93.3％，叶面积89.7cm 2，白背蔓荆发芽率为90.0％，黄素和总黄酮含量分别为0.1％和9.78％，表明本发明采用科学配比的处理液、特定的混合种植方式，并结合一定的幼苗处理方式，可控制草海桐和白背蔓荆的生长速率，不仅提高幼苗的成活率，还有利于促进幼苗的生长发育。
对比例1～4分别调整了处理液的配方和配比，种子的发芽率有所降低，两种植物的生长相互受到影响；对比例5调整种子的数量比，结果发现，增加草海桐种子的播种量并未提高其发芽率，且在草海桐后续的生长过程中限制了叶面积的增加。
综上所述，本发明采用科学配比的处理液，对草海桐种子和白背蔓荆种子进行前期处理，并通过特定的混合种植方式，结合一定的幼苗处理方法，可缩短草海桐种子和白背蔓荆种子的萌发时间，不仅提高种子的萌发率和成苗率，还可促进幼苗的生长发育，进一步提高草海桐的叶面积和提高白背蔓荆果实的黄素含量和总黄酮含量，可增加滨海沙地的景观层次感和绿化量，实现滨海沙地快速地绿化效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    步骤S1：取草海桐种子，置于黑暗处2～4h后，自然风干13～17h，加水浸泡10～14h，去外果皮，加入处理液A浸泡22～26h，得草海桐强化种子；其中，处理液A包括以下重量份原料：3～5‰盐度的海水35～40份、硫酸锌8～11份和EM菌种2～3份；
    步骤S2：取白背蔓荆种子，加入处理液B浸泡12～18min后，恒温培育，得白背蔓荆强化种子；其中，处理液B包括以下重量份原料：质量浓度180～220mg/L的赤霉素20～30份、质量浓度85～90％的浓硫酸15～18份、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物12～15份和磷酸铵8～12份；
    步骤S3：开挖横沟，横沟间的行距为25～30cm，将草海桐强化种子和白背蔓荆强化种子按数量比为1～2：2～3播种至横沟内，种子间相距10～15cm，并定期喷洒清水使横沟的湿度为55～65％。
  2. 根据权利要求1的一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其特征在于：所述处理液A包括以下重量份原料：4‰盐度的海水38份、硫酸锌9份和EM菌种2.5份。
  3. 根据权利要求1的一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其特征在于：所述处理液A与草海桐种子的体积比为2.5～4：0.5～1.8。
  4. 根据权利要求1的一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其特征在于：所述处理液B包括以下重量份原料：质量浓度180～220mg/L的赤霉素25份、质量浓度85～90％的浓硫酸16份、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物13份和磷酸铵10份。
  5. 根据权利要求1的一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其特征在于：所述多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物是由多粘类芽孢杆菌粉以接种量为90～100cfu/g，接种至甘蔗渣中，25～28℃发酵8～10h所得。
  6. 根据权利要求1的一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其特征在于：所述处理液B与白背蔓荆种子的体积比为3.5～4.5：1.2～2。
  7. 根据权利要求1的一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其特征 在于：所述恒温培育为将处理液B加热至25～28℃，恒温浸泡10～12h后，更换新的处理液B，浸泡2～4h。
  8. 根据权利要求1的一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其特征在于：步骤S3中，播种完成后，在横沟内覆盖厚度为0.5～1cm的保护基质，所述保护基质是由草炭土、椰糠和沙的质量比为16～20：12～15：30～36混合而成。
  9. 根据权利要求1的一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其特征在于：播种完成后，每隔3～4d喷施营养液，共喷施55～65d，喷施量为250～280mL/m 2；其中，所述营养液，按重量份计，由质量浓度60～80mg/L的赤霉素10～12份、多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵物13～15份和水50～55份混合而成。
  10. 根据权利要求1的一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法，其特征在于：待白背蔓荆的幼苗苗高大于30cm时，以幼苗为圆心向外延伸4～5cm的半径范围为覆土区，覆土区内覆盖厚度为0.8～1cm的壤土，覆土区外铺设一圈砾石层；所述砾石层的宽度为0.5～0.6cm，厚度为0.5～0.8cm，砾石的粒径为20～30mm。
PCT/CN2021/141063 2021-11-12 2021-12-24 一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法 WO2023082439A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111337415.4A CN114097511A (zh) 2021-11-12 2021-11-12 一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法
CN202111337415.4 2021-11-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023082439A1 true WO2023082439A1 (zh) 2023-05-19

Family

ID=80378613

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2021/141063 WO2023082439A1 (zh) 2021-11-12 2021-12-24 一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN114097511A (zh)
WO (1) WO2023082439A1 (zh)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102090181A (zh) * 2010-12-07 2011-06-15 江西中医学院 一种快速解除蔓荆子种子休眠的方法
CN104054426A (zh) * 2014-03-26 2014-09-24 上海辰山植物园 利用促进牡丹生长并拮抗病原菌的细菌使牡丹种子萌发和促进牡丹幼苗生长的方法
CN104488531A (zh) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-08 中国科学院华南植物园 一种在南方滨海沙地营建近自然植被的方法
CN106386495A (zh) * 2016-10-09 2017-02-15 上海兰葹生物科技有限公司 一种新型石斛培养方法
CN107889576A (zh) * 2017-12-07 2018-04-10 中国科学院华南植物园 一种草海桐种苗快速高效繁育方法
CN112262856A (zh) * 2020-10-27 2021-01-26 宁夏益润生生物科技有限公司 一种促进种子萌发的混合微生物菌液

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102986330A (zh) * 2012-11-25 2013-03-27 溧阳市天目湖保健品有限公司 一种单叶蔓荆的种子处理方法
CN104876672A (zh) * 2014-10-18 2015-09-02 颍上县永祥旱粮研究所 一种玉米种子包衣剂
CN104956808A (zh) * 2015-06-10 2015-10-07 马魁 一种荆条种子的处理方法
CN105053023A (zh) * 2015-08-03 2015-11-18 佛山市顺德区宝铜金属科技有限公司 一种采用微生物的种子处理剂
CN107509405B (zh) * 2017-07-17 2020-03-13 中国科学院华南植物园 一种在热带珊瑚岛礁营建近自然植被的方法
CN107667604A (zh) * 2017-11-18 2018-02-09 蚌埠市徽吉星农业科技农民专业合作社 一种促进海桐种子发芽的处理方法

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102090181A (zh) * 2010-12-07 2011-06-15 江西中医学院 一种快速解除蔓荆子种子休眠的方法
CN104054426A (zh) * 2014-03-26 2014-09-24 上海辰山植物园 利用促进牡丹生长并拮抗病原菌的细菌使牡丹种子萌发和促进牡丹幼苗生长的方法
CN104488531A (zh) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-08 中国科学院华南植物园 一种在南方滨海沙地营建近自然植被的方法
CN106386495A (zh) * 2016-10-09 2017-02-15 上海兰葹生物科技有限公司 一种新型石斛培养方法
CN107889576A (zh) * 2017-12-07 2018-04-10 中国科学院华南植物园 一种草海桐种苗快速高效繁育方法
CN112262856A (zh) * 2020-10-27 2021-01-26 宁夏益润生生物科技有限公司 一种促进种子萌发的混合微生物菌液

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LIANG, HANZHI ET AL.: "Effective breaking of dormancy of Scaevola sericea seeds with seawater, improved germination, and reliable viability testing with 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride", SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, no. 132, 22 May 2020 (2020-05-22), XP086234272, ISSN: 0254-6299, DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.04.018 *
SUN, RONGJIN; LUO, GUANG-MING: "Seed Dormancy Characteristics for Vitex Trifolia Var. Simplicifolia", CHINESE TRADITIONAL AND HERBAL DRUGS, vol. 43, no. 08, 31 August 2012 (2012-08-31), pages 1621 - 1625, XP009546051, ISSN: 0253-2670 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN114097511A (zh) 2022-03-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN105284478B (zh) 一种油茶芽苗砧轻基质嫁接容器苗的一步法培育方法
CN101803613B (zh) 甜菜抗逆增产增糖苗期复合生长调节剂及用法
CN109496734A (zh) 利用酵素种植水稻的方法及一种酵素大米
CN104961545B (zh) 一种提高盐碱地甜高粱出苗质量的制剂
CN104186173A (zh) 一种元宝枫的选育栽培方法
CN105028123A (zh) 一种盐碱地富有机质微咸水灌溉方法及其在串叶松香草种植中的应用
CN105165532A (zh) 一种优质茶叶的高产种植方法
CN106069428B (zh) 一种应用富有机硒液态肥生产有机硒稻米的方法
CN103694039B (zh) 一种川鄂连蕊茶良种的轻型栽培基质及其容器育苗方法
CN105724011A (zh) 一种富硒牡丹的种植培育方法
CN106717888A (zh) 一种猴樟一年生容器苗的培育方法
Nasrudin et al. The agro-physiological characteristics of three rice varieties affected by water depth in the coastal agricultural land of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
CN113973672B (zh) 一种西洋参的生态种植方法
CN105906450B (zh) 一种功能性生物复合肥及其制备方法
CN105028124A (zh) 一种盐碱地微咸水和淡水混合灌溉方法及其在籽粒苋种植中的应用
CN105000986A (zh) 一种促生长的江南油杉育苗轻基质
CN110583386A (zh) 辣椒的富硒种植方法
Wen-Quan et al. Effects of different rhizosphere ventilation treatment on water and nutrients absorption of maize
CN109496733A (zh) 一种降低高浓度镉污染下水稻籽粒镉含量的硅素分期施用方法
CN103609310B (zh) 一种轮作方法以及一种烤烟种植方法
CN110495359A (zh) 一种改善食用品质减缓嫩茎木质化的菜心种植方法
CN107624634A (zh) 一种墨菊花种子繁育的方法
CN107188713A (zh) 一种沙基水稻育苗基质及其制备方法
CN106613653A (zh) 一种香樟树育苗方法
WO2023082439A1 (zh) 一种热带、亚热带滨海沙地快速绿化的方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 21963876

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1