WO2023080205A1 - 光学素子、レーザ装置および光学素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
光学素子、レーザ装置および光学素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023080205A1 WO2023080205A1 PCT/JP2022/041208 JP2022041208W WO2023080205A1 WO 2023080205 A1 WO2023080205 A1 WO 2023080205A1 JP 2022041208 W JP2022041208 W JP 2022041208W WO 2023080205 A1 WO2023080205 A1 WO 2023080205A1
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- optical element
- metal layer
- laser
- intermediate layer
- multilayer film
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/02—Constructional details
- H01S3/04—Arrangements for thermal management
- H01S3/042—Arrangements for thermal management for solid state lasers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical element, a laser device, and a method for manufacturing an optical element.
- Patent Document 1 Patent Document 2
- Non-Patent Document 1 Non-Patent Document 2
- Non-Patent Document 3 Non-Patent Document 4
- Non-Patent Document 5 technology.
- Non-Patent Document 2 discloses an optical element in which a heat sink is integrated with a laser medium and a total reflection film is provided between the laser medium and the heat sink.
- Patent No. 6245587 Patent No. 4265287
- Non-Patent Document 2 When the laser medium and the heat sink are integrated as in Non-Patent Document 2, heat generated in the laser medium is dissipated through the heat sink. Metals are used as heat sinks because they have higher thermal conductivity than dielectrics.
- a total reflection film is provided between the laser medium and the heat sink. Therefore, the laser light generated or amplified using the laser medium is totally reflected by the total reflection film and output from the opposite side of the heat sink as viewed from the laser medium.
- the total reflection film can function as part of an optical resonator, for example.
- the total reflection film and the heat sink are in contact with each other and the heat sink is made of metal, the total reflection film and the metal are in contact with each other. In such a configuration, if the laser light output is extremely high, the metal in contact with the total reflection film is damaged, and as a result, the optical element including the laser medium, the total reflection film, and the metal heat sink cannot be used stably. something happened.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an optical element that can be stably used for high-power laser light, a laser device including the optical element, and a method for manufacturing the optical element.
- the inventors of the present application have found that, in a structure in which a laser medium, a total reflection film and a metal member are laminated in this order, the effect of an evanescent wave generated when a high-power laser beam is incident on the total reflection film from the laser medium side causes the metal It was discovered that the member was damaged, and the present invention was made. Specifically, the present inventors discovered that the evanescent wave generated by the total reflection of the laser beam by the total reflection film seeps into the metal member, causing a process in which the metal member absorbs the evanescent wave, resulting in damage to the metal member. was found, and the present invention was achieved.
- An optical element comprises: a laser medium; a first intermediate layer provided on the laser medium; and a heat sink provided on the first metal layer and comprising metal, the first intermediate layer being formed on the laser medium and generated or amplified by the laser medium.
- a dielectric multilayer film that totally reflects laser light is included, and the first intermediate layer is thicker than the seepage length of an evanescent wave generated by reflection of light incident from the laser medium side by the dielectric multilayer film.
- the first intermediate layer and the first metal layer are arranged from the laser medium side between the laser medium and the heat sink.
- the first intermediate layer is formed on the laser medium and includes a dielectric multilayer film that totally reflects laser light generated or amplified by the laser medium.
- the dielectric multilayer film of the first intermediate layer functions as a total reflection film.
- the first intermediate layer is thicker than the seepage length of the evanescent wave generated by reflection of the light incident from the laser medium side by the dielectric multilayer film. Therefore, even if a high-power laser beam is totally reflected by the dielectric multilayer film, the resulting evanescent wave is not absorbed by the first metal layer and the heat sink. Therefore, the optical element can be stably used even for high-power laser light.
- the optical element according to one embodiment may further include a second metal layer disposed between the first metal layer and the heat sink and containing a Group 10 element.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the second metal layer containing the Group 10 element is a value between the linear expansion coefficient of the first metal layer and the linear expansion coefficient of the heat sink. Therefore, even if the laser medium generates heat, the optical element is less likely to be damaged than when the second metal layer is not provided.
- An example of the material of the second metal layer is nickel or platinum.
- the optical element according to one embodiment may further have a second intermediate layer arranged between the first metal layer and the second metal layer.
- Examples of materials for the intermediate layer are gold or gold alloys.
- Examples of materials for the first metal layer are chromium or titanium.
- Examples of materials for the heat sink can be copper, copper tungsten, copper molybdenum, iron, aluminum, or aluminum-silicon carbide composites.
- the first intermediate layer may have the dielectric multilayer film and a non-metallic heat transfer layer disposed between the dielectric multilayer film and the first metal layer.
- Examples of materials for the non-metallic heat transfer layer may be diamond, silicon carbide or nitride.
- a laser device includes the above optical element. Since this laser device includes the above-described optical element, it is possible to stably output a high-power laser beam.
- a method of manufacturing an optical element includes a preparation step of preparing a first part including a laser medium and a second part including a heat sink including metal; the preparing step includes forming a first intermediate layer on the laser medium; and forming a first intermediate layer containing a group 4 element or a group 6 element on the first intermediate layer. and forming one metal layer, wherein the joining step joins the first component and the second component via the first metal layer, and the first intermediate layer is the laser medium.
- the step of forming the first intermediate layer includes a dielectric multilayer film that is formed thereon and that totally reflects laser light generated or amplified by the laser medium, wherein the thickness of the first intermediate layer is The first intermediate layer is formed so as to be thicker than the seepage length of the evanescent wave generated by the reflection of the light incident from the laser medium side by the dielectric multilayer film.
- the manufacturing method it is possible to manufacture an optical element in which the first intermediate layer and the first metal layer are arranged from the laser medium side between the laser medium and the heat sink.
- the first metal layer contains a Group 4 element or a Group 6 element.
- the dielectric multilayer film included in the first intermediate layer functions as a total reflection film.
- the first intermediate layer is thicker than the seepage length of the evanescent wave generated by reflection of the light incident from the laser medium side by the dielectric multilayer film. Therefore, even if a high-power laser beam is totally reflected by the dielectric multilayer film, the resulting evanescent wave is not absorbed by the first metal layer and the heat sink. Therefore, the optical element can be stably used even for high-power laser light. Therefore, the manufacturing method described above can manufacture an optical element that can be stably used even for a high-power laser beam.
- the preparing step has a step of forming a second metal layer containing a group 10 element on the heat sink, and in the bonding step, the first metal layer and the second metal layer are interposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer. You may join a component and the said 2nd component.
- an optical element having a second metal layer between the first metal layer and the heat sink can be manufactured.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the second metal layer containing the Group 10 element is a value between the linear expansion coefficient of the first metal layer and the linear expansion coefficient of the heat sink. Therefore, even if the laser medium generates heat, the optical element is less likely to be damaged than when the second metal layer is not provided. That is, in the method of manufacturing an optical element having the step of forming the second metal layer containing the Group 10 element, it is possible to manufacture an optical element that can be used more stably even with high-power laser light.
- the preparing step forms, on at least one of the first metal layer and the second metal layer, a layer to be a second intermediate layer disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer. You may have a process.
- the surface of the first part on the side to be joined with the second part and the surface of the second part on the side of joining with the first part are subjected to surface activation treatment, and then the surface activation treatment is performed.
- the first component and the second component may be joined together. In this case, the first part and the second part can be joined directly and firmly.
- the surface of the first component on the bonding side with the second component and the surface of the second component on the bonding side with the first component are subjected to surface activation treatment.
- the preparing step further comprises forming a second metal layer containing a Group 10 element on the first metal layer, the second component being the heat sink; In the bonding step, the first component and the second component may be bonded via the second metal layer.
- an optical element having a second metal layer between the first metal layer and the heat sink can be manufactured.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the second metal layer containing the Group 10 element is a value between the linear expansion coefficient of the first metal layer and the linear expansion coefficient of the heat sink. Therefore, even if the laser medium generates heat, the optical element is less likely to be damaged than when the second metal layer is not provided. That is, in the method of manufacturing an optical element having the step of forming the second metal layer containing the Group 10 element, it is possible to manufacture an optical element that can be used more stably even with high-power laser light.
- the step of forming the first intermediate layer includes forming the dielectric multilayer film on the laser medium, and forming a nonmetallic heat transfer layer on the dielectric multilayer film. good too.
- an optical element that can be stably used for high-power laser light, a laser device including the optical element, and a method for manufacturing the optical element.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing showing a schematic configuration of an optical element according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a drawing for explaining an example of a method of manufacturing the optical element shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a drawing for explaining another example of the method of manufacturing the optical element shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of an optical element according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a drawing for explaining an example of a method of manufacturing the optical element shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a drawing for explaining another example of the method of manufacturing the optical element shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of an optical element according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a drawing for explaining an example of a method of manufacturing the optical element shown in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an example of a laser device using an optical element.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device that is a laser oscillator.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device that is a laser oscillator.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device that is a laser oscillator.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device using optical elements.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device as a laser amplifier.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of another example of a laser device using optical elements.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device as a laser regenerative amplifier.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device that is a laser regenerative amplifier.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device that is a laser regenerative amplifier.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of another example of the optical element.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of another example of the optical element.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of another example of the optical element.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing showing a schematic configuration of an optical element 10 according to one embodiment.
- the optical element 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a laser medium 11 , a dielectric multilayer film (first intermediate layer) 12 , a first metal layer 13 and a heat sink 14 .
- the optical element 10 is a laser medium with a heat sink having a total reflection function by a dielectric multilayer film 12 .
- the optical device 10 is applied to laser oscillators, laser amplifiers, and the like.
- the optical element 10 may have an intermediate layer (second intermediate layer) 15 .
- the optical element 10 may have a second metal layer 16 . In the following, unless otherwise specified, a configuration having the intermediate layer 15 and the second metal layer 16 will be described.
- the laser medium 11 is a material that forms a population inversion in which amplification exceeds loss in an excited state and amplifies light using stimulated emission.
- the laser medium 11 is an optical component for oscillating or amplifying the laser light L. As shown in FIG.
- the laser medium 11 is also called a gain medium.
- Examples of the material of the laser medium 11 include an optical gain material formed from an oxide doped with rare earth ions serving as emission centers, an optical gain material formed from oxides doped with transition metal ions serving as emission centers, and a color center. It includes an optical gain material formed from an oxide, an optical gain material formed from a semiconductor, and the like.
- rare earth ions examples include Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb.
- transition metal ions examples include Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu. Examples of base materials to which rare earth ions, transition metal ions, etc.
- the state of the laser medium 11 may be single crystal, amorphous (including glass), or ceramics.
- the host material may be any type of amorphous glass. Examples of semiconductors include GaAs, GaAlAs, GaAlP, GaP, GaN, InGaN, AlGaN, GaAlN, and the like.
- a dielectric multilayer film 12 is formed on the first surface 11 a of the laser medium 11 .
- the dielectric multilayer film 12 totally reflects the laser light L generated or amplified by stimulated emission of the laser medium 11 .
- the dielectric multilayer film 12 functions as an HR coat layer for the laser light L.
- the dielectric multilayer film 12 may reflect light of wavelengths other than the wavelength of the laser light L described above.
- the dielectric multilayer film 12 is configured by alternately laminating a plurality of high refractive index layers and a plurality of low refractive index layers (layers having a lower refractive index than the high refractive index layers).
- dielectric multilayer film 12 desired reflection characteristics can be achieved by adjusting the refractive index and thickness of each of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer.
- the dielectric multilayer film 12 has a thickness such that the evanescent wave EW generated when the laser beam L is totally reflected does not reach the first metal layer 13 .
- the thickness t of the dielectric multilayer film 12 is longer than the penetration length d of the evanescent wave EW.
- Dielectric multilayer film 12 is, for example, a multilayer film composed of a plurality of layers of 10 nm or more and 9000 nm or less (100 ⁇ or more and 90000 ⁇ or less).
- an example of the thickness t of the dielectric multilayer film 12 is about several ⁇ m. Depending on the wavelength of the light reflected by the dielectric multilayer film 12, the thickness t may be 10 ⁇ m or more. However, it is preferable that the dielectric multilayer film 12 is thin.
- the material of the layer closest to the first metal layer 13 in the dielectric multilayer film 12 is mainly Al 2 O 3 with high thermal conductivity, but SiO 2 may also be used.
- the first metal layer 13 is formed on the first surface 12 a of the dielectric multilayer film 12 .
- the first surface 12 a is the surface of the dielectric multilayer film 12 opposite to the laser medium 11 .
- the first metal layer 13 functions as a buffer layer when bonding the laser medium 11 and the heat sink 14 having different coefficients of linear expansion.
- the first metal layer 13 contains a metal material having a coefficient of linear expansion close to that of the laser medium 11 .
- the first metal layer 13 Contains Group 4 or Group 6 elements.
- An example of a group 4 element is titanium (Ti) and an example of a group 6 element is chromium (Cr).
- An example of the thickness of the first metal layer 13 is 1 nm or more and 900 nm or less (10 ⁇ or more and 9000 ⁇ or less).
- a Ni layer or a Pt layer may be provided on the opposite side of the dielectric multilayer film 12 with respect to the first metal layer 13 in order to prevent migration which is feared when the temperature raising process is required.
- An example of the thickness of the Ni layer or Pt layer is 10 nm or more and 900 nm or less (100 or more and 9000 ⁇ or less).
- the heat sink 14 is a heat conductor for cooling the laser medium 11 and contains metal.
- Heat sink 14 is, for example, a metal heat sink.
- the material of the heat sink 14 is a material with high thermal conductivity. Examples of materials for the heat sink 14 are copper, copper alloys, aluminum, iron, aluminum-silicon carbide composites, and the like. Examples of copper alloys are copper tungsten, copper molybdenum, and the like.
- the intermediate layer 15 is formed on the first surface 13 a of the first metal layer 13 .
- the first surface 13 a is the surface of the first metal layer 13 opposite to the dielectric multilayer film 12 .
- the intermediate layer 15 also functions as a buffer layer.
- the material of the intermediate layer 15 is gold or gold alloy.
- An example of the thickness of the intermediate layer 15 is 5 nm or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the second metal layer 16 is formed on the first surface 15 a of the intermediate layer 15 .
- the first surface 15 a is the surface of the intermediate layer 15 opposite to the first metal layer 13 .
- the second metal layer 16 is formed on the first surface 14a of the heat sink 14.
- the second metal layer 16 also functions as a buffer layer.
- the second metal layer 16 is made of a material having a linear expansion coefficient close to (or between) the linear expansion coefficients of the first metal layer 13 and the heat sink 14 .
- the second metal layer 16 contains a Group 10 element. Examples of materials for the second metal layer 16 are nickel (Ni) or platinum (Pt).
- the thickness of the second metal layer 16 is, for example, 10 nm or more and 900 nm or less (100 ⁇ or more and 9000 ⁇ or less). When the temperature raising process is required, the thickness of the second metal layer 16 is, for example, about 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- a dielectric multilayer film 17 for suppressing reflection of the laser light L may be formed on the second surface 11b of the laser medium 11 of the optical element 10 .
- the dielectric multilayer film 17 functions as an antireflection film (AR coat) for the laser light L. As shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a drawing for explaining an example of a method of manufacturing the optical element 10 shown in FIG.
- the optical element 10 having the dielectric multilayer film 12, the first metal layer 13, the intermediate layer 15 and the second metal layer 16 between the laser medium 11 and the heat sink 14 is manufactured. explain.
- the first part 20 including the laser medium 11 and the second part 30 including the heat sink 14 are prepared (preparation step).
- the preparation process includes a process of preparing the first component 20 and a process of preparing the second component 30.
- the order of steps for preparing the first component 20 and the second component 30 is not limited.
- the step of preparing the first component 20 includes forming the dielectric multilayer film 12 on the laser medium 11 , forming the first metal layer 13 on the dielectric multilayer film 12 , forming an intermediate layer on the first metal layer 13 .
- the steps of forming layer 151 are performed in sequence.
- the dielectric multilayer film 12, the first metal layer 13, and the intermediate layer 151 can be formed by film formation technology, thin film technology, or the like.
- the intermediate layer 151 is a layer that constitutes the intermediate layer 15 shown in FIG. 1 by being joined to an intermediate layer 152 of the second component 30 described later. Therefore, the material of intermediate layer 151 is the same as that of intermediate layer 15 .
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 151 is such that the sum of the thickness of the intermediate layer 151 and the thickness of the intermediate layer 152 corresponds to the thickness of the intermediate layer 15 .
- the step of preparing the first component 20 includes the step of forming the dielectric multilayer film 17 .
- the step of forming the second metal layer 16 on the heat sink 14 and the step of forming the intermediate layer 152 on the second metal layer 16 are sequentially performed.
- the second metal layer 16 and the intermediate layer 152 can be formed by a film forming technique, a thin film technique, or the like.
- the intermediate layer 152 is a layer that constitutes the intermediate layer 15 shown in FIG. 1 by being joined to the intermediate layer 151 of the first component 20 described above. Therefore, the material of intermediate layer 152 is similar to that of intermediate layer 15 .
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 152 is such that the sum of the thickness of the intermediate layer 152 and the thickness of the intermediate layer 151 corresponds to the thickness of the intermediate layer 15 .
- first part 20 and the second part 30 After preparing the first part 20 and the second part 30, they are joined (joining step). An example of the joining method will be specifically described.
- surface activated bonding is utilized to join the first part 20 and the second part 30 .
- Surface-activated bonding is a method of bonding flat bonding surfaces in which constituent atoms are exposed, and can significantly lower the bonding temperature compared to other bonding methods.
- the first part 20 and the second part 30 are arranged in the chamber 40, and the inside of the chamber 40 is made into a substantially vacuum environment.
- the bonding surface 20a of the first component 20 and the bonding surface 30a of the second component 30 are irradiated with the surface activation beam 42 from the beam source 41 .
- the joint surface 20 a is a surface of the first component 20 that is joined to the second component 30 .
- the bonding surface 20a is the first surface 151a of the intermediate layer 151 .
- the joint surface 30 a is a surface of the second component 30 that is joined to the first component 20 .
- the bonding surface 30a is the first surface 152a of the intermediate layer 152. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
- Examples of surface active beam 42 are an ion beam such as Argon (Ar) or FAB (Fast Atom Beam).
- Ar Argon
- FAB Fluor Atom Beam
- the surfaces irradiated with the surface activation beam 42 (in this embodiment, the bonding surfaces 20a and 30a) are activated.
- oxygen or the like adsorbed on the surface is removed, and a new surface including dangling bonds is formed.
- the substantially vacuum environment is, for example, a vacuum or reduced pressure atmosphere with a background pressure of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 Pa or more and less than atmospheric pressure.
- a beam using rare gas or inert gas such as neon (Ne), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), helium (He) can be adopted.
- rare gases are unlikely to cause chemical reactions, so they do not significantly change the chemical properties of the surface to be irradiated.
- beam sources 41 are particle beam sources or plasma generators.
- Predetermined kinetic energy can be imparted to the ion beam or FAB by accelerating the particles of the ion beam toward the bonding surfaces 20a and 30a using a particle beam source or plasma generator.
- the joint surface 20a and the joint surface 30a are made to face each other.
- the exposed bonds of the first component 20 and the second component 30 (surface-activated bonding surface 20a and bonding surface 30a) are brought into contact with each other in a substantially vacuum environment.
- a bonding force is generated by interactions between atoms.
- the first component 20 and the second component 30 are firmly bonded together, and the optical element 10 is obtained.
- the substantially vacuum environment is, for example, a vacuum or reduced pressure atmosphere with a background pressure of 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 Pa or less.
- a predetermined pressure (1.5 to 2.0 MPa) may be applied to the first part 20 and the second part 30 brought into contact.
- the bonding surface 20a and the bonding surface 30a may be made amorphous by the surface activation treatment.
- the first component 20 and the second component 30 are joined via the amorphous layer.
- Amorphous is a material that does not have long-range order like crystals, but does have short-range order.
- the amorphous state is a state in which the crystal structure is collapsed.
- An amorphous layer is a layer whose crystallinity is below a certain level.
- the amorphous layer includes, as impurities other than the substances constituting the heat sink 14 and the laser medium 11, elements constituting the ion beam or FAB (hereinafter referred to as "beam elements"), and the beam casing of the ion beam or FAB.
- the housing material that constitutes the The beam element is, for example, Ar (argon) or Ne (neon).
- the housing material is, for example, Fe (iron), Ni (nickel) or Cr (chromium).
- the amount of the beam element contained in the amorphous layer is so small that the oscillation or amplification of the laser light L is not affected.
- the optical element 10 may be heat-treated in a heating furnace to raise the temperature of the optical element 10 to a predetermined temperature. Thereby, the optical element 10 is annealed, and the amorphous layer of the optical element 10 is epitaxially grown and crystallized.
- the predetermined temperature (also called crystallization temperature or epi-growth temperature) is lower than the melting points of the heat sink 14 and the laser medium 11 .
- the predetermined temperature is 100° C. or higher and lower than the melting point of the material forming the amorphous layer. In one embodiment, the predetermined temperature is about 865.degree. C., which is about half of about 2000.degree.
- the predetermined temperature is, for example, 1900° C. or lower.
- the predetermined temperature is a low temperature that does not affect the dielectric multilayer film 12, for example, 200.degree. C. or 300.degree.
- the heating time of the optical element 10 is, for example, several hours to several tens of hours. For example, the predetermined temperature may be 100.degree.
- the surface activation treatment may be omitted.
- Au is the most stable material and can be stored for a long period of time while maintaining surface activity by adjusting the storage conditions. Therefore, if the intermediate layer 15 is made of Au and can be stored for a long period of time while maintaining surface activation, the surface activation treatment may be omitted.
- the dielectric multilayer film 12 functions as a total reflection film.
- the thickness t of the dielectric multilayer film 12 is thicker than the seepage length d of the evanescent wave EW generated by the reflection of the laser beam L incident from the laser medium 11 side.
- the evanescent wave EW generated thereby is not absorbed by the first metal layer 13, the heat sink 14, and the like. Therefore, the optical element 10 can be stably used even for a high-power laser beam L.
- the high-power laser beam L is a laser beam having an average output of 1 kW or more (for example, megawatt or more).
- the first metal layer 13 contains a Group 4 element (eg Ti) or a Group 6 element (eg Cr).
- the linear expansion coefficient of the first metal layer 13 is between the linear expansion coefficient of the dielectric (laser medium 11, dielectric multilayer film 12, etc.) and the linear expansion coefficient of the heat sink . Therefore, the coefficient of linear expansion changes stepwise from the laser medium 11 side toward the heat sink 14 inside the optical element 10 as compared with the case where the first metal layer 13 is not provided. That is, the change rate of the coefficient of linear expansion from the laser medium 11 side toward the heat sink 14 is smaller than when the first metal layer 13 is not provided. Therefore, for example, even if heat is generated in the laser medium 11 due to the influence of the high-power laser beam L, the optical element 10 is unlikely to be damaged.
- the second metal layer 16 contains the tenth element (eg, Ni, Pt, etc.).
- the coefficient of linear expansion of the second metal layer 16 is between the coefficient of linear expansion of the first metal layer 13 and the coefficient of linear expansion of the heat sink 14 . Therefore, in the form provided with the second metal layer 16 , the coefficient of linear expansion changes stepwise from the laser medium 11 side toward the heat sink 14 inside the optical element 10 compared to the case without the second metal layer 16 . That is, the change rate of the linear expansion coefficient from the laser medium 11 side toward the heat sink 14 is smaller than when the second metal layer 16 is not provided. Therefore, in the form including the second metal layer 16, even if the laser medium 11 is heated by the influence of the high-power laser beam L, the optical element 10 is more unlikely to be damaged.
- the tenth element eg, Ni, Pt, etc.
- the optical element 10 can be manufactured in the example of the method for manufacturing the optical element described with reference to FIG. That is, in the example of the optical element manufacturing method described with reference to FIG. 2, the optical element 10 that can be stably used for the high-power laser beam L can be manufactured.
- the optical element 10 When the optical element 10 is manufactured using surface active bonding, as shown in FIG. can be joined by using the bonding force due to interaction between atoms), so they can be strongly joined. In this case, since an adhesive layer or the like is not interposed, the optical element 10 is less likely to be damaged by the heat generated in the laser medium 11 .
- an intermediate layer 151 to be the intermediate layer 15 is formed as in the example of the manufacturing method described with reference to FIG.
- the optical element 10 can be manufactured using the first component 20 and the second component 30 having the intermediate layer 152 on the joint side. Since Au or the like is difficult to oxidize, it is easy to keep the joint surface 20a and the joint surface 30a clean. As a result, the first component 20 and the second component 30 can be joined more firmly.
- the intermediate layer 15 is made of Au, the surface activation treatment may be omitted as described above. As a result, the optical element 10 can be easily manufactured.
- the intermediate layer 15 is divided into the intermediate layer 151 and the intermediate layer 152 and arranged on the first component 20 and the second component 30 .
- the optical element 10 may be manufactured using the second component 30A that does not have the intermediate layer 152 and the first component 20A that has the intermediate layer 15 instead of the intermediate layer 151. .
- the first part 20A is the same as the first part 20 except that it has an intermediate layer 15 instead of the intermediate layer 151.
- the first surface 15a of the intermediate layer 15 is the joint surface 20a.
- the method of preparing the first component 20A is also the same as the method of preparing the first component 20, except that the intermediate layer 15 is formed instead of the intermediate layer 151. FIG.
- the second part 30A is the same as the second part 30 except that it does not have the intermediate layer 152.
- the second component 30 is a laminate of the heat sink 14 and the second metal layer 16, and the first surface 16a of the second metal layer 16 is the bonding surface 30a.
- the first surface 16 a is the surface of the second metal layer 16 opposite to the heat sink 14 .
- the preparation method of the second component 30A is also the same as the preparation method of the second component 30 except that the intermediate layer 152 is not formed.
- the method for manufacturing the optical element 10 when using the first component 20A and the second component 30A is the same except that the first component 20A and the second component 30A are used instead of the first component 20A and the second component 30A. , is the same as the case described with reference to FIG. Therefore, the manufacturing method of Modification 1 has the same effect as the manufacturing method described with reference to FIG.
- the joint surface 30a of the second component 30A is the first surface 16a of the second metal layer 16. Since an oxide film is likely to be formed on the first surface 16a of the second metal layer 16, in the first modification, before the first component 20A and the second component 30A are joined, the case described with reference to FIG. Similarly, the bonding surface 30a is surface-activated by the surface-activating beam 42 . Conditions for the surface activation treatment are the same as those described with reference to FIG. Since the surface activation treatment is performed on the second component 30A, the surface activation treatment is normally performed on the first component 20A as well. However, the first part 20A has an intermediate layer 15 . Therefore, as in the case of the first component 20, if the intermediate layer 15 is made of Au and the material is stable and well preserved, the surface activation treatment may be omitted.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of an optical element 10A according to the second embodiment.
- the optical element 10 differs from the optical element 10 in that it does not have the intermediate layer 15 .
- the first metal layer 13 and the second metal layer 16 are in contact with each other.
- the configuration of the optical element 10A is the same as that of the optical element 10 except for the differences described above. Therefore, the optical element 10A has effects similar to those of the optical element 10.
- FIG. although not shown in FIG. 4, the optical element 10A may also have a dielectric multilayer film 17 functioning as an antireflection film.
- the method for manufacturing the optical element 10A is the same as the method for manufacturing the optical element 10, except that the first component 20B and the second component 30A shown in FIG. 5 are prepared and joined to manufacture the optical element 10A. be. Therefore, the method for manufacturing the optical element 10A has the same effect as the method for manufacturing the optical element 10A.
- the first part 20B differs from the first part 20 in that it does not have an intermediate layer 151.
- the configuration of the first component 20B other than this difference is the same as that of the first component 20.
- the bonding surface 20 a of the first component 20 B is the first surface 13 a of the first metal layer 13 .
- the preparation method for the first component 20B is the same as for the first component 20, except that the intermediate layer 151 is not formed.
- the second component 30A is the same as the second component 30A described in Modification 1 above, so description thereof will be omitted.
- a joint surface 30 a of the second component 30 A is the first surface 16 a of the second metal layer 16 .
- the bonding surface 20a of the first component 20B is the first surface 13a of the first metal layer 13
- the bonding surface 30a of the second component 30A is the first surface 16a of the second metal layer 16.
- An oxide film is easily formed on the first surface 13a and the first surface 16a. Therefore, when surface-activating bonding the first component 20B and the second component 30A, the surface-activating beam 42 is used to bond the bonding surface 20a and the bonding surface 30a in the same manner as described with reference to FIG.
- a surface activation treatment is carried out. Conditions for the surface activation treatment are the same as those described with reference to FIG.
- the second component 30A has the second metal layer 16.
- the optical element 10A may be manufactured using the first component 20C having the second metal layer 16 and the second component 30B not having the second metal layer 16.
- the first component 20C is the same as the first component 20B except that the second metal layer 16 is formed on the first metal layer 13.
- the joint surface 20 a of the first component 20 C is the second surface 16 b of the second metal layer 16 .
- the second surface 16b is the surface of the second metal layer 16 opposite to the first surface 16a.
- the method of preparing the first component 20C is the same as the method of preparing the first component 20B, except that the second metal layer 16 is further formed on the first metal layer 13 .
- the second part 30B is the same as the second part 30A except that it does not have the second metal layer 16. Therefore, in Modification 2, the second component 30B is the heat sink 14, and the joint surface 30a of the second component 30B is the first surface 14a of the heat sink 14.
- the method for manufacturing the optical element 10A when using the first component 20C and the second component 30B is the same except that the first component 20C and the second component 30B are used instead of the first component 20B and the second component 30A. , is the same as the case described with reference to FIG.
- An oxide film is easily formed on the second surface 16b of the second metal layer 16, which is the bonding surface 20a, and the first surface 14a of the heat sink 14, which is the bonding surface 30a. Therefore, in modification 2 as well, when the first component 20C and the second component 30B are surface-activatedly bonded, the surface-activated beam 42 is used to bond the bonding surface 20a and the bonding surface 20a, as in the case described with reference to FIG.
- a surface activation treatment is performed on the surface 30a. Conditions for the surface activation treatment are the same as those described with reference to FIG.
- the manufacturing method of the modified example 2 is the same as the manufacturing method of the optical element 10A described using FIG. is. Therefore, the manufacturing method of Modification 2 has the same effect as the manufacturing method of the optical element 10A described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of an optical element 10B according to the third embodiment.
- Optical element 10B differs from optical element 10 in that it does not have intermediate layer 15 and second metal layer 16 .
- a heat sink 14 is arranged on the first metal layer 13 in the optical element 10B.
- the configuration of the optical element 10B is the same as that of the optical element 10 except for the differences described above. Therefore, the optical element 10B has effects similar to those of the optical element 10.
- FIG. 10B differs from optical element 10 in that it does not have intermediate layer 15 and second metal layer 16 .
- a heat sink 14 is arranged on the first metal layer 13 in the optical element 10B.
- the configuration of the optical element 10B is the same as that of the optical element 10 except for the differences described above. Therefore, the optical element 10B has effects similar to those of the optical element 10.
- the method for manufacturing the optical element 10B is the same as the method for manufacturing the optical element 10, except that the first component 20B and the second component 30B shown in FIG. 8 are prepared and joined to manufacture the optical element 10B. be. Therefore, the method for manufacturing the optical element 10B has the same effects as the method for manufacturing the optical element 10B.
- the first part 20B is the same as the first part 20B shown in FIG. 5, so the description is omitted. Since the second component 30B is the same as the second component 30B shown in FIG. 6, the description thereof is omitted.
- the joint surface 20a of the first component 20B is the first surface 13a of the first metal layer 13, as described with reference to FIG.
- the joint surface 30a of the second component 30B is the first surface 14a of the heat sink 14, as described with reference to FIG.
- An oxide film is easily formed on the first surface 13a and the first surface 14a.
- the surface-activated beam 42 is used to bond the bonding surface 20a and the bonding surface 20a, as in the case described with reference to FIG.
- a surface activation treatment is performed on the surface 30a. Conditions for the surface activation treatment are the same as those described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 10 A laser device using the optical element 10 (optical element 10A or optical element 10B) can be applied to measurement, analysis, display, processing, and medical care (including diagnosis and treatment), and can be incorporated into devices in the exemplified fields. good too.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an example of a laser device using an optical element.
- a laser device 100 shown in FIG. 9 is a laser oscillator.
- laser device 100 has optical element 10 and output mirror 111 .
- the dielectric multilayer film 12 of the optical element 10 functions as a total reflection mirror for the laser light L.
- dielectric multilayer film 12 and output mirror 111 constitute optical resonator 101 .
- the optical element 10 is arranged such that the laser medium 11 is positioned within the optical resonator 101 .
- the output mirror 111 may have reflection and transmission characteristics to function as the output mirror 111 in the optical resonator 101 described above.
- Output mirror 111 may be a partially reflective mirror.
- the laser device 100 When the laser device 100 outputs the laser light L, the laser medium 11 is irradiated with the excitation light 102 . As a result, stimulated emission light is generated within the laser medium 11 and propagates through the optical resonator 101 . As a result, laser oscillation occurs and laser light L is output from the output mirror 111 .
- the laser device 100 may have a light source section 103 that outputs the excitation light 102 .
- the laser device 100 may have a Q switch element 104 between the optical element 10 and the output mirror 111 within the optical resonator 101 .
- the Q switch element 104 may be a known Q switch element.
- the laser device 100 may have a mode-locking element instead of the Q-switching element 104, or may have a wavelength conversion element.
- the mode-locking element and wavelength converting element may also be known mode-locking elements and wavelength converting elements. If the laser device 100 includes a wavelength conversion element arranged on the output side of the laser device 100 with respect to the optical element 10, the output mirror 111 may have a wavelength separation function.
- a laser device 100 includes an optical element 10 . As described in the first embodiment, the optical element 10 is less likely to be damaged by the high-power laser beam L, and as a result, the laser device 100 can be used stably. Therefore, the laser device 100 can also stably output a high-power laser beam L. FIG.
- the laser device 100 includes the optical element 10 that can be stably used for the high-power laser light L, it is easy to stably output the high-power short-pulse laser light using the Q switch element 104 . Therefore, the optical element 10 can be applied more effectively to a laser device having the Q-switch element 104.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device that is a laser oscillator.
- the laser device 100A further includes a first total reflection mirror 112A, and the dielectric multilayer film 12 of the optical element 10, the output mirror 111, and the first total reflection mirror 112A constitute an optical resonator 101A. , is different from the laser device 100 . Since the laser device 100A also includes the optical element 10, it has the same effects as the laser device 100.
- the laser device 100A may be provided with a Q switch element 104 as in the case of the laser device 100.
- the laser device 100A may include a mode-locking element or a wavelength converting element instead of the Q-switching element 104.
- FIG. Similar to the case of the laser device 100, the output mirror 111 may have a wavelength separation function when the laser device 100A includes a wavelength conversion element.
- the laser light L from the first total reflection mirror 112A to the output mirror 111 is The optical path bends at the position of the dielectric multilayer film 12 .
- the laser device 100A may also include a light source unit 103 that outputs the excitation light 102.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device that is a laser oscillator.
- the laser device 100B mainly differs from the laser device 100A in that a plurality of optical elements 10 are provided between the first total reflection mirror 112A and the output mirror 111.
- FIG. The laser device 100B is a multistage medium type laser oscillator.
- the laser device 100B also includes the optical element 10, the laser device 100B has effects similar to those of the laser device 100 and the laser device 100A.
- the laser device 100B includes a plurality of optical elements 10, and the laser light L is amplified by each optical element 10. FIG. Therefore, the laser device 100B can output the laser light L with higher power.
- the use of the optical element 10 makes it difficult for the laser device 100B to be damaged, and as a result, it can be used stably. Therefore, the optical element 10 can be more effectively applied to a multistage medium type laser oscillator such as the laser device 100B.
- the laser device 100B may include a Q switch element 104, like the laser device 100 and the laser device 100A.
- the laser device 100B may include a mode-locking element or a wavelength converting element instead of the Q-switching element 104.
- FIG. When the laser device 100B includes a wavelength conversion element, the output mirror 111 may have a wavelength separation function, as in the case of the laser device 100 and the laser device 100A.
- an optical resonator 101B is configured by the dielectric multilayer film 12 of each of the plurality of optical elements 10, the output mirror 111, and the first total reflection mirror 112A. Therefore, the optical path of the laser light L from the total reflection mirror to the output mirror 111 bends at each dielectric multilayer film 12 .
- the laser device 100B may also include a light source section 103 that outputs the pumping light 102 .
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device that is a laser oscillator.
- the laser device 100C is another example of a multistage medium type laser oscillator.
- the laser device 100C includes a first total reflection mirror 112A, an output mirror 111, and a plurality of element sets 120.
- the first total reflection mirror 112A and the output mirror 111 are arranged along the first direction X. As shown in FIG.
- Each of the plurality of element sets 120 includes a first optical element 121A, a second optical element 121B, a polarizing beam splitter 122, a first wave plate 123A, and a second wave plate 123B.
- the first optical element 121A and the second optical element 121B are the same elements as the optical element 10 respectively.
- the first optical element 121A and the second optical element 121B are spaced apart in a direction crossing the first direction X (a direction perpendicular to the first direction X in FIG. 12), and the first optical element 121A and the second optical element 121B are arranged so as to face each other.
- the polarizing beam splitter 122 is arranged between the first optical element 121A and the second optical element 121B.
- the first wave plate 123A is arranged between the first optical element 121A and the polarizing beam splitter 122.
- the first wave plate 123A is configured so that the optical path of the laser light L is changed by the polarizing beam splitter 122 when the laser light L is directed from the polarizing beam splitter 122 to the first optical element 121A and when the laser light L is directed from the first optical element 121A to the polarizing beam splitter. It is an element for changing the polarization state of the laser light L when the laser light L is directed to 122 .
- An example of the first wave plate 123A is a ⁇ /4 plate.
- the second wave plate 123B is arranged between the second optical element 121B and the polarizing beam splitter 122.
- the second wavelength plate 123B is configured so that the optical path of the laser light L is changed by the polarization beam splitter 122 when the laser light L is directed from the polarization beam splitter 122 to the second optical element 121B and when the laser light L is directed from the second optical element 121B to the polarization beam splitter. It is an element for changing the polarization state of the laser light L when the laser light L is directed to 122 .
- An example of the second wave plate 123B is a ⁇ /4 plate.
- the plurality of element sets 120 are arranged such that the first total reflection mirror 112A, the plurality of polarizing beam splitters 122 and the output mirror 111 are arranged along the first direction X.
- the dielectric multilayer film 12, the first total reflection mirror 112A and the output mirror 111 of the first optical element 121A and the second optical element 121B constitute an optical resonator 101C.
- the plurality of polarizing beam splitters 122, the plurality of first wave plates 123A and the plurality of second wave plates also affect the optical path of the laser light L, so they can also be part of the optical resonator 101.
- the first optical element 121A and the second optical element 121B are the optical element 10. Therefore, the laser device 100C has effects similar to those of the laser device 100.
- the laser device 100C may include a Q switch element 104, like the laser device 100, the laser device 100A, and the laser device 100B.
- Q-switch element 104 can be placed, for example, between polarizing beam splitter 122 located in front of output mirror 111 (closest to output mirror 111 ) and output mirror 111 .
- the laser device 100C may have a mode-locking element or a wavelength converting element instead of the Q-switching element 104.
- FIG. When the laser device 100C includes a wavelength conversion element, the output mirror 111 may have a wavelength separation function, as in the case of the laser device 100 and the like.
- the laser device 100C may also include a light source section 103 that outputs the pumping light 102 .
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device using optical elements.
- a laser device 100D shown in FIG. 13 is a laser amplifier.
- the laser device 100D has an optical element 10, a first polarizing beam splitter 105A, and a Faraday element 106.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device using optical elements.
- a laser device 100D shown in FIG. 13 is a laser amplifier.
- the laser device 100D has an optical element 10, a first polarizing beam splitter 105A, and a Faraday element 106.
- the optical element 10 is arranged so that the laser medium 11 faces the first polarization beam splitter 105A.
- the Faraday element 106 is arranged between the optical element 10 and the first polarizing beam splitter 105A.
- An example of Faraday element 106 is a Faraday rotator.
- the Faraday element 106 controls the polarization state of the laser light L so that the amplified laser light L is reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 105A and output from the laser device 100D.
- the optical element 10 When the laser device 100D amplifies the laser light L, the optical element 10 is irradiated with the pumping light 102 to bring the laser medium 11 into an excited state. In this state, the input laser light L is incident from the side opposite to the optical element 10 in the first polarization beam splitter 105A. The laser light L passes through the first polarizing beam splitter 105A and the Faraday element 106 and enters the optical element 10 . When the laser light L is incident, stimulated emission occurs within the laser medium 11, and the laser light L is amplified. The amplified laser light L is totally reflected by the dielectric multilayer film 12, passes through the Faraday element 106, and enters the first polarization beam splitter 105A.
- the polarization state of the laser light L is changed when passing through the Faraday element 106 from the optical element 10 toward the first polarization beam splitter 105A. As a result, the amplified laser light L is reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 105A and output from the laser device 100D.
- the laser device 100D may include a light source unit 103, as in the case of the laser device 100.
- the laser device 100D includes an optical element 10. Therefore, even if the laser device 100D amplifies the input laser light L to generate a high-power laser light L, the laser device 100D is unlikely to be damaged. Therefore, the laser device 100D can be used stably. Therefore, the optical element 10 can be effectively applied to the laser device 100D.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device as a laser amplifier.
- the laser device 100E mainly differs from the laser device 100D in that it has a first total reflection mirror 112A.
- the first total reflection mirror 112A is arranged on the same side as the first polarization beam splitter 105A with respect to the optical element 10 (more specifically, with respect to the laser medium 11).
- the first total reflection mirror 112A is arranged such that the optical path of the laser light L between the first polarization beam splitter 105A and the optical element 10 is different from the optical path of the laser light L between the optical element 10 and the first total reflection mirror 112A. , with respect to the optical element 10 .
- the Faraday element 106 is arranged between the optical element 10 and the first total reflection mirror 112A.
- the Faraday element 106 may be arranged between the optical element 10 and the first polarizing beam splitter 105A.
- the laser device 100E has the same configuration as the laser device 100D except that the optical path of the laser light L resulting from the provision of the first total reflection mirror 112A is different from that of the laser device 100D. Therefore, the laser device 100E has the same effects as the laser device 100D.
- the laser device 100E may include a light source unit 103, as in the case of the laser device 100.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of another example of a laser device using optical elements.
- a laser device 100F shown in FIG. 15 is a laser regenerative amplifier.
- the laser device 100F has an optical element 10, a first total reflection mirror 112A, a first polarizing beam splitter 105A, an electro-optical element 107, a second polarizing beam splitter 105B and a Faraday element .
- the optical element 10 is arranged so that the laser medium 11 faces the first total reflection mirror 112A.
- the second polarizing beam splitter 105B and the electro-optical element 107 are arranged between the first total reflecting mirror 112A and the optical element 10.
- FIG. The second polarizing beam splitter 105B and the electro-optical element 107 are arranged in this order from the first total reflection mirror 112A toward the optical element 10.
- the optical element 10, the electro-optical element 107, the second polarization beam splitter 105B, and the first total reflection mirror 112A are arranged along one direction in this order.
- the first polarizing beam splitter 105A and the Faraday element 106 are arranged in the order of the Faraday element 106 and the first polarizing beam splitter 105A with respect to the second polarizing beam splitter 105B. That is, the second polarizing beam splitter 105B, the Faraday element 106 and the first polarizing beam splitter 105A are arranged in this order along one direction.
- the first total reflection mirror 112A and the dielectric multilayer film 12 of the optical element 10 constitute an optical resonator 101D.
- the laser light L is amplified by repeating the propagation of the laser light L within the optical resonator 101D.
- the electro-optical element 107 functions as an optical switch for extracting the laser light L propagating in the optical resonator 101D to the Faraday element 106 and the first polarizing beam splitter 105A through the second polarizing beam splitter 105B. do.
- An example of the electro-optical element 107 is a Pockels cell.
- the laser light L is amplified while reciprocating multiple times in the optical resonator 101D.
- the laser light L amplified in this way is output to the outside of the laser device 100F via the second polarization beam splitter 105B, the Faraday element 106, and the first polarization beam splitter 105A. .
- the laser device 100F since the laser light L is amplified while reciprocating multiple times in the optical resonator 101D, the laser light L with higher power can be output. Even in such a case, since the optical element 10 is less likely to be damaged by the high-power laser light L, the laser device 100F can output the high-power laser light L stably. Therefore, the optical element 10 can be applied more effectively to the laser device 100F.
- the laser device 100F has a wave plate 123 between the electro-optical element 107 and the optical element 10, which contributes to extracting the laser light L from the optical resonator 101D together with the electro-optical element 107.
- wave plate 123 is a ⁇ /4 plate.
- the laser device 100F may include a light source unit 103 that outputs excitation light 102, as in the case of the laser device 100.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device as a laser regenerative amplifier.
- the laser device 100G mainly differs from the laser device 100F in that it further includes a second total reflection mirror 112B.
- the second total reflection mirror 112B is arranged on the same side as the second polarization beam splitter 105B with respect to the optical element 10 (more specifically, with respect to the laser medium 11).
- the second total reflection mirror 112B is arranged such that the optical path of the laser light L between the second polarization beam splitter 105B and the optical element 10 is different from the optical path of the laser light L between the optical element 10 and the second total reflection mirror 112B. , with respect to the optical element 10 .
- an optical resonator 101E is formed by the first total reflection mirror 112A, the dielectric multilayer film 12 of the optical element 10, and the second total reflection mirror 112B.
- the electro-optical element 107 is arranged between the second polarizing beam splitter 105B and the second total reflection mirror 112B. In the example shown in FIG. 16, the electro-optical element 107 is arranged between the optical element 10 and the second total reflection mirror 112B.
- the electro-optical element 107 functions as an optical switch for extracting the laser light L propagating in the optical resonator 101E to the Faraday element 106 and the first polarizing beam splitter 105A through the second polarizing beam splitter 105B.
- the laser device 100G has the same configuration as the laser device 100F except that the optical path of the laser light L resulting from the provision of the second total reflection mirror 112B is different from that of the laser device 100F. Therefore, the laser device 100G has effects similar to those of the laser device 100F.
- the laser device 100G may include a light source unit 103 that outputs the excitation light 102.
- the laser device 100G may include a wave plate 123 that contributes to extracting the laser light L from the optical resonator 101E, as in the case of the laser device 100F shown in FIG.
- An example of wave plate 123 is a ⁇ /4 plate. Wave plate 123 is arranged between electro-optical element 107 and second total reflection mirror 112B.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device that is a laser regenerative amplifier.
- a laser device 100H shown in FIG. 17 is mainly different from the laser device 100G in that a plurality of optical elements 10 are provided between the first total reflection mirror 112A and the second total reflection mirror 112B.
- the laser device 100H is a multistage laser regenerative amplifier.
- the first total reflection mirror 112A and the second total reflection mirror 112B is bent multiple times.
- the first total reflection mirror 112A, the dielectric multilayer film 12 of the plurality of optical elements 10, and the second total reflection mirror 112B constitute an optical resonator 101F.
- the electro-optical element 107 is arranged on the optical path between the second polarizing beam splitter 105B and the second total reflection mirror 112B. 17, the electro-optical element 107 is arranged between the second total reflection mirror 112B and the optical element 10 closest to the second total reflection mirror 112B in the optical path of the laser light L. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the electro-optical element 107 functions as an optical switch for extracting the laser light L propagating in the optical resonator 101F to the Faraday element 106 and the first polarizing beam splitter 105A through the second polarizing beam splitter 105B.
- the laser device 100H also includes the optical element 10, it has the same effects as the laser device 100G. Since the laser device 100H includes a plurality of optical elements 10, the laser light L can be further amplified. Even in such a case, since the optical element 10 is less likely to be damaged by the high-power laser light L, the laser device 100H can output the high-power laser light L stably. Therefore, the optical element 10 can be applied more effectively to the laser device 100H.
- the laser device 100H may include a light source unit 103 that outputs excitation light 102, as in the case of the laser device 100H.
- the laser device 100H may include a wave plate 123 that contributes to extracting the laser light L from the optical resonator 101F, as in the case of the laser device 100F shown in FIG.
- An example of wave plate 123 is a ⁇ /4 plate. Wave plate 123 is arranged between electro-optical element 107 and second total reflection mirror 112B.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a laser device that is a laser regenerative amplifier.
- the laser device 100I differs from the laser device 100G in that it has a plurality of element sets 120 between the first total reflection mirror 112A and the second total reflection mirror 112B. Also in the description of Modification 9, the first direction X and the second direction Y set in Modification 5 are used.
- the first total reflection mirror 112A, the second polarization beam splitter 105B, the plurality of element sets 120 and the second total reflection mirror 112B are arranged along the first direction X.
- the configuration of the plurality of element sets 120 is the same as the configuration of the element set 120 described using FIG. That is, the element set 120 includes a first optical element 121A, a second optical element 121B, a polarizing beam splitter 122, a first wave plate 123A, and a second wave plate 123B.
- the first optical element 121A and the second optical element 121B are the same elements as the optical element 10 respectively.
- the first optical element 121A and the second optical element 121B are spaced apart in a direction crossing the first direction X (a direction orthogonal to the first direction X in FIG. 18), and are arranged so as to face each other.
- the polarizing beam splitter 122 is arranged between the first optical element 121A and the second optical element 121B.
- the first wave plate 123A is arranged between the first optical element 121A and the polarizing beam splitter 122.
- the first wave plate 123A is configured so that the optical path of the laser light L is changed by the polarizing beam splitter 122 when the laser light L is directed from the polarizing beam splitter 122 to the first optical element 121A and when the laser light L is directed from the first optical element 121A to the polarizing beam splitter. It is an element for changing the polarization state of the laser light L when the laser light L is directed to 122 .
- An example of the first wave plate 123A is a ⁇ /4 plate.
- the second wave plate 123B is arranged between the second optical element 121B and the polarizing beam splitter 122.
- the second wavelength plate 123B is configured so that the optical path of the laser light L is changed by the polarization beam splitter 122 when the laser light L is directed from the polarization beam splitter 122 to the second optical element 121B and when the laser light L is directed from the second optical element 121B to the polarization beam splitter. It is an element for changing the polarization state of the laser light L when the laser light L is directed to 122 .
- An example of the second wave plate 123B is a ⁇ /4 plate.
- the plurality of element sets 120 are arranged such that the first total reflection mirror 112A, the plurality of polarizing beam splitters 122 and the second total reflection mirror 112B are arranged along the first direction X.
- the dielectric multilayer film 12 and the second total reflection mirror 112B of the first total reflection mirror 112A, the first optical element 121A and the second optical element 121B constitute an optical resonator 101G. Since the plurality of polarizing beam splitters 122, the plurality of first wave plates 123A and the plurality of second wave plates 123B also affect the optical path of the laser light L, they can also be part of the optical resonator 101G.
- the electro-optical element 107 is arranged in the first direction X between the second polarizing beam splitter 105B and the second total reflection mirror 112B. In the example shown in FIG. 18, the electro-optical element 107 is arranged between the second polarizing beam splitter 105B and the element set 120 closest to the second polarizing beam splitter 105B among the multiple element sets 120 .
- the electro-optical element 107 functions as an optical switch for extracting the laser light L propagating in the optical resonator 101G to the Faraday element 106 and the first polarizing beam splitter 105A through the second polarizing beam splitter 105B.
- the laser device 100I includes a first optical element 121A and a second optical element 121B, which are the optical elements 10 . That is, the laser device 101I includes multiple optical elements 10 . Therefore, the laser device 100I has the same effects as the laser device 100H.
- the laser device 100I may include a light source unit 103 that outputs the excitation light 102.
- the laser device 100I may include a wave plate 123 that contributes to extracting the laser light L from the optical resonator 101G, like the laser device 100F shown in FIG.
- An example of wave plate 123 is a ⁇ /4 plate.
- a wave plate 123 is arranged outside the element set 120 between the electro-optical element 107 and the second total reflection mirror 112B. In FIG. 18, the wave plate 123 is arranged between the polarizing beam splitter 122 of the element set 120 closest to the second total reflection mirror 112B among the plurality of element sets 120 and the second total reflection mirror 112B.
- the optical element may have a parasitic oscillation prevention section 18 on the second surface 11b of the laser medium 11, like an optical element 10C shown in FIG.
- the optical element 10 ⁇ /b>C corresponds to an element including the optical element 10 and the parasitic oscillation prevention section 18 provided on the optical element 10 .
- the optical element 10C may include the optical element 10A or the optical element 10B instead of the optical element 10.
- the parasitic oscillation prevention section 18 is transparent with respect to the laser light L and the excitation light 102 .
- Examples of the material of the parasitic oscillation prevention section 18 are non-doped laser material (for example, YAG), sapphire (Al 2 O 3 ), and the like.
- the material of the laser medium 11 is YAG doped with Yb (Yb:YAG), and the material of the parasitic oscillation prevention portion 18 is YAG or Al2O3 .
- the generated parasitic oscillation light passes through the region of the parasitic oscillation prevention section 18 having no gain, so that amplification can be suppressed and parasitic oscillation can be prevented.
- a dielectric multilayer film 17 (see FIG. 1) for parasitic oscillation prevention may be formed on the surface of the parasitic oscillation prevention section 18 (the surface opposite to the laser medium 11).
- the optical element may have an absorbing portion 19 for preventing parasitic oscillation on the side surface of the laser medium 11, like the optical element 10D shown in FIG.
- the dielectric multilayer film 12 and the like are arranged for the layer composed of the laser medium 11 and the absorbing portion 19 .
- the material of the absorber 19 are YAG doped with Cr or Sm (Cr:YAG or Sm:YAG) or a garnet-based material doped with Cr or Sm for laser oscillation with a wavelength of 1 ⁇ m.
- the material of laser medium 11 is Yb:YAG and the material of absorber 19 is Cr:YAG.
- the material of the absorber 19 may be Nd:YAG, or may be any other material added with Yb or Nd.
- Examples of the material of the absorbing portion 19 include vanadium-doped YAG (V:YAG) for a wavelength of 1.3 ⁇ m, and Co spinel for a wavelength of 1.5 ⁇ m.
- V:YAG vanadium-doped YAG
- Co spinel for a wavelength of 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the generated parasitic oscillation light is absorbed by the absorbing portion 19 (for example, Cr:YAG). Since the absorption section 19 can eliminate the parasitic oscillation light in this way, the parasitic oscillation can be prevented.
- a dielectric multilayer film as an anti-reflection film may be formed on the surface of the layer composed of the laser medium 11 and the absorber 19 opposite to the dielectric multilayer film 12 .
- the first intermediate layer of the optical element was the dielectric multilayer film 12 .
- the first intermediate layer may be the intermediate layer 50 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram showing an optical element 10E including an intermediate layer 50.
- FIG. The optical element 10E is different from the optical element 10 in that it has an intermediate layer (first intermediate layer) 50 instead of the dielectric multilayer film 12, and other configurations are the same as those of the optical element 10.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram showing an optical element 10E including an intermediate layer 50.
- FIG. The optical element 10E is different from the optical element 10 in that it has an intermediate layer (first intermediate layer) 50 instead of the dielectric multilayer film 12, and other configurations are the same as those of the optical element 10.
- the intermediate layer 50 has a dielectric multilayer film 51 formed on the laser medium 11 and a nonmetallic heat transfer layer 52 formed on the dielectric multilayer film 51 .
- the dielectric multilayer film 51 totally reflects the laser light L generated or amplified by the stimulated emission of the laser medium 11 .
- the dielectric multilayer film 51 functions as an HR coat layer for the laser light L.
- FIG. The dielectric multilayer film 51 may be made of the same material as the dielectric multilayer film 12 .
- Non-metallic heat transfer layer 52 is a non-metallic material with high thermal conductivity.
- Non-metallic heat transfer layer 52 may be formed of, for example, diamond, silicon carbide (SiC), or nitride.
- An example of such a nitride is aluminum nitride (AlN).
- Non-metallic heat transfer layer 52 may function as a heat spreader.
- the intermediate layer 50 has a thickness such that the evanescent wave EW (see FIG. 1) generated when the laser light generated or amplified by the laser medium 11 is totally reflected by the dielectric multilayer film 51 does not reach the first metal layer 13. .
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 50 is longer than the seepage length of the evanescent wave EW, and can have the same thickness as the dielectric multilayer film 12 shown in FIG. Since the intermediate layer 50 having the thickness described above has the dielectric multilayer film 51 and the nonmetallic heat transfer layer 52, the dielectric multilayer film 51 is thinner than the dielectric multilayer film 12. good.
- the nonmetallic heat transfer layer 52 may be a layer for adjusting the thickness of the intermediate layer 50 .
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 50 may be thicker than the dielectric multilayer film 12 .
- the optical element 10E can be manufactured in the same manner as the optical element 10 except that the first component having the intermediate layer 50 is used instead of the dielectric multilayer film 12 in the first component 20.
- the first component having the intermediate layer 50 for example, a step of forming a dielectric multilayer film 51 on the laser medium 11 and a step of forming a nonmetallic heat transfer layer 52 on the dielectric multilayer film 51 are performed.
- the non-metallic heat transfer layer 52 may be provided on the dielectric multilayer film 51 by bonding a heat transfer body made of diamond or the like as an example to the dielectric multilayer film 51 .
- the intermediate layer 50 has a thickness such that the aforementioned evanescent wave EW (see FIG. 1) does not reach the first metal layer 13, similar to the dielectric multilayer film 12. Therefore, the intermediate layer 50 and the optical element 10E including the intermediate layer 50 have effects similar to those of the optical element 10.
- FIG. The non-metallic heat transfer layer 52 of the intermediate layer 50 can function as a heat spreader. Therefore, the heat generated in the laser medium 11 is diffused also in the in-plane direction, so that heat is easily dissipated, and local temperature rise is less likely to occur, so that the optical element 10E is less likely to be damaged.
- the intermediate layer 50 can also be employed in place of the dielectric multilayer film 12 in the optical element 10A, the optical element 10B, the optical element 10C, and the optical element 10D.
- the Faraday element 106 is used as the optical path control element for extracting the laser light L, but a laser amplifier (laser (including regenerative amplifiers) and other known elements capable of realizing a similar function.
- a wavelength plate eg, a ⁇ /4 plate
- a wavelength plate may be employed instead of the Faraday element.
- electro-optical elements are used as optical switching elements (or optical path control elements) for extracting laser light from the optical resonator. board.
- optical switching elements or optical path control elements
- other known elements used in laser regenerative amplifiers and capable of performing similar functions may be used.
- the number of stages of the multi-stage medium laser oscillators in Modifications 4 and 5 is not limited to the number of stages shown in FIGS. It is sufficient that the number of stages in the multi-stage medium type laser oscillator is two or more.
- the number of stages of the multi-stage laser regenerative amplifier in Modification 8 and Modification 9 is not limited to the number of stages shown in FIGS. It is sufficient if the number of stages in the multistage laser regenerative amplifier is two or more.
- Dielectric multilayer film 52... Non-metallic conductive material Thermal layer, 100, 100A, 100B, 100C, 100D, 100E, 100F, 100G, 100H, 100I... Laser device, 101, 101A, 101B, 101C, 101D, 101E, 101F, 101G... Optical resonator, 102... Pumping light , 103... Light source section 104... Q switch element 105A... First polarization beam splitter 105B... Second polarization beam splitter 106... Faraday element 107... Electro-optical element 111... Output mirror 112A...
- First total reflection Mirror 112B Second total reflection mirror 120 Element set X First direction 121A First optical element 121B Second optical element 122 Polarizing beam splitter 123 Wave plate 123A First Wave plate 123B Second wave plate 151 Intermediate layer 151a First surface 152 Intermediate layer 152a First surface L Laser light EW Evanescent wave.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、一実施形態に係る光学素子10の概略構成を示す図面である。図1に示した光学素子10は、レーザ媒質11、誘電体多層膜(第1中間層)12、第1金属層13およびヒートシンク14を備える。光学素子10は、誘電体多層膜12による全反射機能を有するヒートシンク付きレーザ媒質である。光学素子10は、レーザ発振器、レーザ増幅器などに適用される。光学素子10は、中間層(第2中間層)15を有してもよい。光学素子10は、第2金属層16を有してもよい。以下では、断らない限り、中間層15および第2金属層16を有する形態を説明する。
図2を用いて説明した光学素子10の製造方法は、中間層15を、中間層151と中間層152とに分けて第1部品20および第2部品30に配置した。しかしながら、図3に示したように、中間層152を有しない第2部品30Aと、中間層151の代わりに中間層15を有する第1部品20Aとを用いて光学素子10を製造してもよい。
図4は、第2実施形態に係る光学素子10Aの概略構成を示す模式図である。光学素子10は、中間層15を有しない点で、光学素子10と相違する。光学素子10Aでは、第1金属層13と第2金属層16とが接している。上記相違点以外の光学素子10Aの構成は光学素子10と同様である。よって、光学素子10Aは、光学素子10と同様の作用効果を有する。図4では、図示を省略しているが、光学素子10Aも反射防止膜として機能する誘電体多層膜17を有してもよい。
図5を用いて説明した光学素子10Aの製造方法は、第2部品30Aが第2金属層16を有していた。しかしながら、図6に示したように、第2金属層16を有する第1部品20Cと、第2金属層16を有しない第2部品30Bとを用いて光学素子10Aを製造してもよい。
図7は、第3実施形態に係る光学素子10Bの概略構成を示す模式図である。光学素子10Bは、中間層15および第2金属層16を有しない点で、光学素子10と相違する。光学素子10Bでは、第1金属層13上にヒートシンク14が配置されている。上記相違点以外の光学素子10Bの構成は、光学素子10と同様である。よって、光学素子10Bは、光学素子10と同様の作用効果を有する。
図9は、光学素子を用いたレーザ装置の一例の模式図である。図9に示したレーザ装置100は、レーザ発振器である。図9に示したように、レーザ装置100は、光学素子10と、出力鏡111とを有する。
図10は、レーザ発振器であるレーザ装置の他の例を示す模式図である。レーザ装置100Aは、第1全反射鏡112Aを更に備え、光学素子10の誘電体多層膜12、出力鏡111および第1全反射鏡112Aによって光共振器101Aを構成している点で、主に、レーザ装置100と相違する。レーザ装置100Aも光学素子10を備えるため、レーザ装置100と同様の作用効果を有する。
図11は、レーザ発振器であるレーザ装置の他の例を示す模式図である。レーザ装置100Bは、第1全反射鏡112Aと出力鏡111との間に複数の光学素子10を備える点で主にレーザ装置100Aと相違する。レーザ装置100Bは、多段媒質型のレーザ発振器である。
図12は、レーザ発振器であるレーザ装置の他の例を示す模式図である。レーザ装置100Cは、多段媒質型のレーザ発振器の他の例である。
図13は、光学素子を用いたレーザ装置の他の例を示す模式図である。図13に示したレーザ装置100Dは、レーザ増幅器である。レーザ装置100Dは、光学素子10と、第1偏光ビームスプリッタ105Aと、ファラデー素子106とを有する。
図14は、レーザ増幅器としてのレーザ装置の他の例を示す模式図である。レーザ装置100Eは、第1全反射鏡112Aを有する点で、主にレーザ装置100Dと相違する。
図15は、光学素子を用いたレーザ装置の他の例の模式図である。図15に示したレーザ装置100Fは、レーザ再生増幅器である。レーザ装置100Fは、光学素子10と、第1全反射鏡112Aと、第1偏光ビームスプリッタ105Aと、電気光学素子107と、第2偏光ビームスプリッタ105Bとファラデー素子106とを有する。
図16は、レーザ再生増幅器としてのレーザ装置の他の例を示す模式図である。レーザ装置100Gは、第2全反射鏡112Bを更に有する点で、主にレーザ装置100Fと相違する。
図17は、レーザ再生増幅器であるレーザ装置の他の例を示す模式図である。図17に示したレーザ装置100Hは、第1全反射鏡112Aと第2全反射鏡112Bとの間に複数の光学素子10を備える点で主にレーザ装置100Gと相違する。レーザ装置100Hは、多段型のレーザ再生増幅器である。
図18は、レーザ再生増幅器であるレーザ装置の他の例を示す模式図である。レーザ装置100Iは、第1全反射鏡112Aと第2全反射鏡112Bとの間に複数の素子セット120を有する点で、レーザ装置100Gと相違する。変形例9の説明においても、変形例5において設定した第1方向Xおよび第2方向Yを用いる。
Claims (15)
- レーザ媒質と、
前記レーザ媒質上に設けられる第1中間層と、
前記第1中間層に形成されるとともに、第4族元素または第6族元素を含む第1金属層と、
前記第1金属層上に設けられており、金属を含むヒートシンクと、
を備え、
前記第1中間層は、前記レーザ媒質上に形成されるとともに、前記レーザ媒質によって生成または増幅されるレーザ光を全反射する誘電体多層膜を含み、
前記第1中間層は、前記レーザ媒質側から入射される光の前記誘電体多層膜による反射によって生じるエバネッセント波の浸み出し長さより厚い、
光学素子。 - 前記第1金属層と前記ヒートシンクとの間に配置されるとともに、第10族元素を含む第2金属層を更に有する、
請求項1に記載の光学素子。 - 前記第2金属層の材料は、ニッケルまたは白金である、
請求項2に記載の光学素子。 - 前記第1金属層と前記第2金属層との間に配置される第2中間層を更に有し、
前記中間層の材料は、金または金合金である、
請求項2または3に記載の光学素子。 - 前記第1金属層の材料は、クロムまたはチタンである、
請求項1~4の何れか一項にお記載の光学素子。 - 前記ヒートシンクの材料は、銅、銅タングステン、銅モリブデン、鉄、アルミニウムまたはアルミ-炭化ケイ素複合体である、
請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の光学素子。 - 前記第1中間層は、
前記誘電体多層膜と、
前記誘電体多層膜と前記第1金属層の間に配置される非金属製伝熱層と、
を有する、
請求項1~6の何れか一項に記載の光学素子。 - 前記非金属製伝熱層の材料は、ダイアモンド、シリコンカーバイドまたは窒化物である、
請求項7に記載の光学素子。 - 請求項1~7の何れか一項に記載の光学素子を備える、
レーザ装置。 - レーザ媒質を含む第1部品、および、金属を含むヒートシンクを含む第2部品を準備する準備工程と、
前記第1部品と前記第2部品を接合する接合工程と、
を備え、
前記準備工程は、
前記レーザ媒質上に第1中間層を形成する工程と、
前記第1中間層上に、第4族元素または第6族元素を含む第1金属層を形成する工程と、
を有し、
前記接合工程では、前記第1金属層を介して前記第1部品と前記第2部品とを接合し、
前記第1中間層は、前記レーザ媒質上に形成されるとともに、前記レーザ媒質によって生成または増幅されるレーザ光を全反射する誘電体多層膜を含み、
前記第1中間層を形成する工程では、前記第1中間層の厚さが、前記レーザ媒質側から入射される光の前記誘電体多層膜による反射によって生じるエバネッセント波の浸み出し長さより厚いように、前記第1中間層を形成する、
光学素子の製造方法。 - 前記準備工程は、前記ヒートシンク上に、第10族元素を含む第2金属層を形成する工程を有し、
前記接合工程では、前記第1金属層および前記第2金属層を介して前記第1部品と前記第2部品とを接合する、
請求項10に記載の光学素子の製造方法。 - 前記準備工程は、前記第1金属層および前記第2金属層の少なくとも一方上に、前記第1金属層および前記第2金属層の間に配置される第2中間層となるべき層を形成する工程を有する、
請求項11に記載の光学素子の製造方法。 - 前記接合工程では、前記第1部品のうち前記第2部品との接合側の面および前記第2部品のうち前記第1部品との接合側の面を表面活性処理した後、前記表面活性処理された前記第1部品および前記第2部品を接合する、
請求項10~12の何れか一項に記載の光学素子の製造方法。 - 前記第1部品のうち前記第2部品との接合側の面および前記第2部品のうち前記第1部品との接合側の面を表面活性処理する工程を更に有し、
前記準備工程は、前記第1金属層上に、第10族元素を含む第2金属層を形成する工程を更に有し、
前記第2部品は、前記ヒートシンクであり、
前記接合工程では、前記第2金属層を介して前記第1部品と前記第2部品とを接合する、
請求項10に記載の光学素子の製造方法。 - 前記第1中間層を形成する工程は、
前記レーザ媒質上に前記誘電体多層膜を形成する工程と、
前記誘電体多層膜上に非金属製伝熱層を形成する工程と、
を有する、請求項10~14の何れか一項に記載の光学素子の製造方法。
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