WO2023074769A1 - ガス処理装置、ガス処理方法及びメタン発酵処理システム - Google Patents

ガス処理装置、ガス処理方法及びメタン発酵処理システム Download PDF

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WO2023074769A1
WO2023074769A1 PCT/JP2022/040035 JP2022040035W WO2023074769A1 WO 2023074769 A1 WO2023074769 A1 WO 2023074769A1 JP 2022040035 W JP2022040035 W JP 2022040035W WO 2023074769 A1 WO2023074769 A1 WO 2023074769A1
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gas
reaction
electrode
treatment
hydrogen sulfide
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PCT/JP2022/040035
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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達則 清川
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住友重機械工業株式会社
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Publication of WO2023074769A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023074769A1/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/52—Hydrogen sulfide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/73—After-treatment of removed components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas treatment apparatus and a gas treatment method for treating gas containing hydrogen sulfide. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a methane fermentation treatment system with recovery and treatment of biogas generated by anaerobic treatment.
  • gas treatments have been widely performed according to the components in the gas, considering the effective use of the gas and the impact on the environment, for naturally occurring gases and gases generated in various processing processes.
  • gas containing hydrogen sulfide is generally subjected to desulfurization treatment because hydrogen sulfide is highly corrosive and has a great impact on the environment.
  • Bio desulfurization is a process in which a gas to be treated (a gas containing hydrogen sulfide) is passed through a packed bed supporting microorganisms, and is brought into contact with the microorganisms to oxidize the hydrogen sulfide in the gas. Therefore, compared to dry desulfurization and wet desulfurization, biological desulfurization is less costly for the use of desulfurizing agents and chemicals, as well as less for the disposal of waste generated after treatment, enabling treatment with low running costs. It is expected that
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a biological desulfurization tower having a packing material layer to which microorganisms that oxidatively decompose hydrogen sulfide adhere, means for introducing digestion gas into the tower, means for discharging treated gas from the tower, A digester gas desulphurization apparatus is described comprising means for supplying air or oxygen to the column.
  • Patent Document 1 The desulfurization treatment using biological desulfurization as described in Patent Document 1 can be expected to be operated at low cost, while the treatment using microorganisms is vulnerable to temperature changes, and once the treatment is stopped, stable treatment conditions cannot be maintained. Difficult control and low treatment efficiency compared to dry desulfurization and wet desulfurization are major issues.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a gas treatment apparatus, a gas treatment method, and a methane gas treatment method that enable low-cost and stable desulfurization treatment in the treatment of gas containing hydrogen sulfide and also enable efficient recovery and utilization of energy.
  • a fermentation treatment system To provide a fermentation treatment system.
  • the present inventors have made it possible to perform a low-cost and stable desulfurization treatment in the treatment of gas containing hydrogen sulfide by performing an electrode reaction using hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor, At the same time, the inventors have found that it is possible to efficiently recover and use energy, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is the following gas treatment equipment, gas treatment method, and methane fermentation treatment system.
  • a gas treatment apparatus of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a gas treatment apparatus for treating a gas containing hydrogen sulfide, comprising a reaction section having a pair of electrodes and hydrogen sulfide on the anode side of the reaction section. and a gas introduction section for introducing the contained gas, and the reaction section is characterized by generating electricity and/or removing sulfur components by reaction of hydrogen sulfide.
  • a gas containing hydrogen sulfide is introduced to the anode side of a reaction section having a pair of electrodes, so that an electrode reaction proceeds using the hydrogen sulfide contained in the gas as an electron donor.
  • one embodiment of the gas treatment apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that hydrogen sulfide is dissolved in an aqueous solution in the reaction section. According to this feature, dissolving hydrogen sulfide in the aqueous solution makes it easier for hydrogen sulfide to function as an electron donor, allowing the electrode reaction to proceed more stably. This makes it possible to further improve power generation efficiency and desulfurization treatment efficiency.
  • one embodiment of the gas treatment apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that the gas containing hydrogen sulfide is biogas generated by methane fermentation.
  • biogas generated by methane fermentation processing contains hydrogen sulfide in addition to methane, which is effectively used as fuel, and thus desulfurization processing is required.
  • hydrogen sulfide in biogas can be desulfurized effectively at low cost, and energy can be efficiently recovered and used.
  • air oxygen
  • a gas processing method for processing a gas containing hydrogen sulfide comprising a reaction section having a pair of electrodes, wherein the anode side of the reaction section is and a reaction step of generating electricity and/or removing sulfur components by reaction of hydrogen sulfide.
  • a gas containing hydrogen sulfide is introduced to the anode side of a reaction section having a pair of electrodes, so that an electrode reaction using the hydrogen sulfide contained in the gas as an electron donor proceeds. This enables desulfurization and power generation through the reaction of hydrogen sulfide.
  • the methane fermentation treatment system of the present invention for solving the above problems is a methane fermentation treatment system for treating the object to be treated, which comprises an anaerobic treatment part for performing anaerobic treatment on the object to be treated, and an anaerobic treatment part and a wastewater treatment unit for treating wastewater from the anaerobic treatment unit.
  • the biogas recovery unit includes a reaction unit having a pair of electrodes and a reaction unit.
  • a gas introduction part for introducing biogas on the anode side, a gas treatment part for generating electricity and / or removing sulfur components by reaction of hydrogen sulfide in the biogas in the reaction part, and a waste water treatment part for anaerobic treatment.
  • the methane fermentation treatment system of the present invention includes gas treatment by reaction of hydrogen sulfide contained in biogas generated during anaerobic treatment, and wastewater treatment using reducing substances contained in wastewater generated by anaerobic treatment as electron donors. are performed as independent electrode reactions.
  • gas treatment of biogas can be performed at a lower cost than dry desulfurization or wet desulfurization, and stable treatment conditions can be more easily controlled than biological desulfurization. That is, in the treatment of gas containing hydrogen sulfide, low-cost and stable desulfurization treatment is possible, and efficient energy recovery and utilization are also possible.
  • a gas treatment apparatus in the treatment of gas containing hydrogen sulfide, a gas treatment apparatus, a gas treatment method, and a methane gas treatment method that enable low-cost and stable desulfurization treatment and also enable efficient energy recovery and utilization.
  • a fermentation processing system can be provided.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the reaction section of the gas treatment apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the gas introduction section of the gas treatment apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a methane fermentation treatment system according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the methane fermentation treatment system in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing contact efficiency improving means (moving speed control means) in the gas treatment apparatus of the third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another mode of the moving speed control means in the gas treatment apparatus of the third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another mode of the moving speed control means in the gas treatment apparatus of the third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another mode of the moving speed control means in the gas treatment apparatus of the third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another mode of the moving speed control means in the gas treatment apparatus of the third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another mode of the moving speed control means in the gas treatment apparatus of the third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another mode of the moving speed control means in the gas treatment apparatus of the third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the contact efficiency improvement means (concentration control means) in the gas treatment apparatus of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the concentration control means in the gas treatment apparatus of the third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the concentration control means in the gas treatment apparatus of the third embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the concentration control means in the gas treatment apparatus of the third embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing contact efficiency improving means (cleaning means) in the gas treatment apparatus of the fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the cleaning means in the gas treatment apparatus of the fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the cleaning means in the gas treatment apparatus of the fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the cleaning means in the gas treatment apparatus of the fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the cleaning means in the gas treatment apparatus of the fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the gas treatment apparatus in the 5th embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing contact efficiency improving means (cleaning means) in the gas treatment apparatus of the fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the cleaning means in the gas treatment apparatus of the
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the gas treatment device in the fifth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing degassing means in a gas treatment apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another mode of the degassing means in the gas treatment apparatus of the sixth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another mode of the degassing means in the gas treatment apparatus of the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • gas treatment apparatus which concerns on this invention, the gas treatment method, and a methane fermentation treatment system is described in detail, referring drawings.
  • the gas treatment method in the present invention shall be replaced with the explanation of the operation of the gas treatment apparatus in the present invention.
  • the gas treatment apparatus, gas treatment method, and methane fermentation treatment system described in the embodiments are merely examples for explaining the gas treatment apparatus, gas treatment method, and methane fermentation treatment system according to the present invention. is not limited to
  • the gas to be treated is not particularly limited as long as it contains hydrogen sulfide.
  • Specific examples include naturally occurring gas such as volcanic gas, gas generated during oil refining, and gas generated during various processing processes such as biogas generated by methane fermentation. mentioned.
  • the gas to be treated in the gas treatment apparatus of the present invention is preferably biogas generated by methane fermentation.
  • biogas generated by methane fermentation processing contains hydrogen sulfide in addition to methane, which is effectively used as fuel, and thus desulfurization processing is required.
  • air oxygen
  • the gas treatment apparatus of the present invention air (oxygen) is added to the place where the gas containing hydrogen sulfide is introduced and reacted (the anode side of the reaction section) as in biological desulfurization. No need to supply. Therefore, there is an advantage that air (oxygen) is not mixed into the desulfurized gas, and it can be recovered and used as high-purity methane gas.
  • the object to be treated is not particularly limited as long as it generates gas containing hydrogen sulfide by anaerobic treatment.
  • a reducing substance is generated in the waste water as the material to be treated is processed in the methane fermentation treatment system.
  • specific objects to be treated include garbage and food waste discharged from homes and various factories, biomass such as wood, and domestic wastewater such as industrial wastewater and sewage discharged from various factories. Excess sludge and the like can be mentioned.
  • the object to be treated that generates biogas and produces reducing substances in the waste water will be mainly described as the object to be treated, but the object is not limited to this. do not have.
  • the reducing substance is not particularly limited as long as it functions as an electron donor. Whether or not a substance functions as an electron donor is relatively determined by the combination with a substance that functions as an electron acceptor (hereinafter simply referred to as "electron acceptor"). That is, the reducing substance in the present invention may be one that releases electrons more easily than the electron acceptor, that is, one that has a lower oxidation-reduction potential than the electron acceptor. For example, when oxygen is used as the electron acceptor, the reducing substance in the present invention may have a lower oxidation-reduction potential than oxygen.
  • Such reducing substances include hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, ammonia, and the like. is mentioned.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration showing the structure of a gas treatment apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a gas treatment apparatus 1A in this embodiment comprises a reaction section 2 and a gas introduction section 3, as shown in FIG.
  • the gas treatment apparatus 1A shown in FIG. to be introduced.
  • By advancing the reaction of hydrogen sulfide contained in the gas G in the reaction section 2, power generation and/or removal of sulfur components are performed. Details of each configuration of the gas treatment apparatus 1A will be described below.
  • the reaction section 2 is for generating electricity and/or removing sulfur components by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide in the gas G containing hydrogen sulfide. More specifically, the reaction section 2 is for advancing an electrode reaction using hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor, and performing energy recovery by power generation and/or desulfurization by removing sulfur components.
  • the structure of the reaction section 2 of this embodiment will be described mainly from the viewpoint of power generation. The details of reactions and processes related to power generation and desulfurization by the reaction unit 2 of this embodiment will be described later.
  • the reaction section 2 of this embodiment includes a first cell 21a and a second cell 21b, an ion exchanger 25 provided to separate the cells 21a and 21b, and the cell 21a. , 21b, respectively.
  • the first cell 21a is formed so that a gas G is introduced through a gas introduction portion 3, which will be described later, and hydrogen sulfide contained in the gas G reacts at the electrode 23a.
  • An electrode 23a placed on 21a functions as an anode.
  • the second cell 21b is formed to store or supply an electron acceptor, and the electrode 23b arranged in the second cell 21b functions as a cathode.
  • the electrodes 23a and 23b are connected to an external circuit by conducting wires (not shown). As a result, it becomes possible to recover and utilize electrical energy generated by hydrogen sulfide acting as an electron donor in the reaction section 2 .
  • the first cell 21a is provided with an electrode 23a, is connected to the gas introduction part 3, and is formed so that hydrogen sulfide in the gas G reacts with the electrode 23a.
  • the gas introduced through the gas introduction section 3 Hydrogen sulfide in G is preferably dissolved in an aqueous solution. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, the first cell 21a has a structure having a space capable of temporarily storing the gas G and the aqueous solution introduced from the introduction port 22a through the gas introduction portion 3. to do.
  • the first cell 21a may be provided with a recovery port 22b and a pipe 26 for recovering the gas after the electrode reaction of hydrogen sulfide at the electrode 23a and discharging it outside the system.
  • gas G1 (hereinafter simply referred to as "gas G1") obtained by removing the sulfur component from the gas G containing hydrogen sulfide can be efficiently recovered, and can be discharged outside the system or used outside the system. becomes easier.
  • the pipe 26 may be connected to a gas recovery facility (not shown) to recover and utilize the gas G1.
  • the piping 26 may be provided with a flow rate adjusting mechanism such as a valve to adjust the timing of recovery of the gas G1.
  • the positional relationship between the introduction port 22a and the recovery port 22b is not particularly limited.
  • the introduction port 22a is provided on the side surface of the first cell 21a
  • the recovery port 22b is provided on the top surface of the first cell 21a.
  • the recovery port 22b is provided on the bottom surface of the first cell 21a;
  • a recovery port 22b is provided at a position.
  • the main component of the gas G1 is methane gas, which is insoluble in water and lighter than air. It is preferably provided on the upper surface of the first cell 21a.
  • a means for storing the aqueous solution in the first cell 21a is not particularly limited.
  • the aqueous solution may be supplied in advance into the first cell 21a before the operation of the gas treatment apparatus 1A. good too.
  • the properties (physical properties, components, etc.) of the aqueous solution stored in the first cell 21a are not particularly limited, but those that do not inhibit the electrode reaction are preferable, and those that promote the electrode reaction are more preferable.
  • Specific examples of the aqueous solution in this embodiment include pure water, tap water, river water, electrolyte solution, and the like.
  • the gas G may be introduced into the first cell 21a from the gas introduction part 3, and the reaction of hydrogen sulfide may proceed in the first cell 21a in a gaseous state.
  • the first cell 21a may be provided with drainage means for discharging the stored aqueous solution and water supply means for supplying the aqueous solution.
  • the aqueous solution in the first cell 21a contains reaction products (sulfur, sulfuric acid, etc.) generated during the treatment process. Therefore, the aqueous solution discharged from the first cell 21a needs to be treated separately depending on the reaction product generated. Therefore, from the viewpoint of reducing running costs, it is preferable to reduce the frequency of discharging the aqueous solution in the first cell 21a to the outside of the system.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the reaction section 2 (first cell 21a) in the gas treatment apparatus 1A in this embodiment.
  • the first cell 21a may have a drain port 22c and a circulation channel 27, and the aqueous solution in the first cell 21a may be circulated as circulating water.
  • the frequency of discharging the aqueous solution to the outside of the system can be reduced, and the cost associated with the treatment of the aqueous solution can be reduced.
  • the inside of the first cell 21a is agitated, and the effect of the contact efficiency improving means 5 (moving speed control means 6) described later can be obtained.
  • the second cell 21b is provided with an electrode 23b, and may be formed so as to store or supply an electron acceptor for hydrogen sulfide, and the material and shape are not particularly limited.
  • the form of the electron acceptor may be either gas or liquid.
  • the liquid may be a solution in which a solid drug is dissolved, or a solution in which a gas is mixed (dissolved).
  • Specific examples of the electron acceptor in this embodiment include, for example, oxygen and oxygen-containing gases.
  • the gas containing oxygen includes a gas containing oxygen as a mixture such as air and a gas containing oxygen as an element constituting a compound such as carbon dioxide.
  • the electron acceptor in this embodiment include, for example, a solution containing dissolved oxygen, an aqueous solution of an oxidizing agent such as an aqueous solution of potassium ferricyanide, and the like.
  • an aqueous solution of an oxidizing agent such as an aqueous solution of potassium ferricyanide
  • the second cell 21b for example, as shown in FIG. and an electron acceptor outlet 24b for discharging gas after the reaction.
  • a space capable of storing liquid is provided in the second cell 21b, and an electron acceptor supply port 24a and an electron acceptor discharge port 24b are provided, respectively.
  • electrons from the electrode 23a can be received by the electron acceptor via the electrode 23b, and current flows between the electrodes 23a and 23b to generate power.
  • the electron acceptor after the reaction is rapidly discharged to the outside of the reaction section 2 through the electron acceptor discharge port 24b.
  • the electron acceptor supply port 24a and/or the electron acceptor outlet 24b may be provided with a flow control mechanism such as a valve to adjust the electron acceptor concentration in the second cell 21b. Furthermore, a control mechanism may be provided to control the flow rate adjustment mechanism so that the electron acceptor concentration corresponding to the amount of electrons generated by the reaction at the electrode 23a is maintained. As a result, it is possible to suppress a decrease in reaction efficiency related to electron transfer between the electrodes 23a and 23b, and to suppress a decrease in power generation efficiency.
  • one electron acceptor supply port 24a and one electron acceptor discharge port 24b are shown in FIG. 1, the present invention is not limited to this.
  • a plurality of electron acceptor supply ports 24a and electron acceptor discharge ports 24b may be provided.
  • a gas containing oxygen is used as an electron acceptor
  • water is produced by a reaction at the electrode 23b, as will be described later. Therefore, when a plurality of electron acceptor discharge ports 24b are provided, for example, one for discharging gas and one for discharging liquid are provided separately.
  • the ion exchanger 25 is not particularly limited as long as it has a known configuration that allows ions to pass therethrough.
  • a cation exchange membrane capable of permeating hydrogen ions generated at the electrode 23a (anode side) may be used.
  • the hydrogen ions move from the electrode 23a (anode side) to the electrode 23b (cathode side), so that the reaction efficiency of the electron acceptor at the electrode 23b can be increased, and the power generation efficiency can be improved.
  • the ion exchanger 25 has low oxygen permeability.
  • FIG. 1 shows that the ion exchanger 25 is provided separately from the electrodes 23a and 23b, it is not limited to this.
  • a material having an ion exchange capacity and the electrode 23a and/or the electrode 23b may be integrated. This makes it possible to downsize the entire reaction section 2 and shorten the time required for maintenance work.
  • the electrode 23a is an electrode that collects electrons from hydrogen sulfide (reducing substance), and functions as a so-called anode. Further, the electrode 23a in this embodiment is arranged so that the reaction of hydrogen sulfide proceeds in the first cell 21a, and as shown in FIG. , the electrode 23a is arranged so that the aqueous solution is in contact with the electrode 23a.
  • the material and shape of the electrode 23a are not particularly limited as long as it functions as an anode.
  • the material and shape of the electrode 23a can be appropriately selected in consideration of the cost of material procurement and processing, the reaction efficiency of the reducing substance in the electrode 23a, and the like.
  • Examples of materials for the electrode 23a include carbon and metals (titanium, stainless steel, platinum, copper, etc.) that are widely used as electrode materials in the field of electrochemistry.
  • examples of the shape of the electrode 23a include a plate shape, a bar shape, a mesh shape, and the like.
  • the electrode 23a in this embodiment uses hydrogen sulfide as a direct electron donor to cause a reaction.
  • Microorganisms are brought into contact with or supported on the surface of the electrode, and the metabolic capacity of the microorganisms is used to obtain electrical energy. It is different from an electrode related to a fuel cell. Therefore, the mass transfer of hydrogen sulfide (reducing substance) to the surface of the electrode 23a is not inhibited by microorganisms, and the reaction efficiency as hydrogen sulfide (reducing substance) (mass transfer rate of hydrogen sulfide to the electrode 23a) is increased. can be improved, and power generation efficiency can be improved.
  • the electrode 23a in this embodiment does not collect electrons generated by the metabolism of microorganisms, but directly collects electrons from hydrogen sulfide (reducing substance). Therefore, the metabolism of microorganisms does not become rate-determining, and the reaction efficiency as an electron donor (the electron collection rate at the electrode 23a) is improved, and the power generation efficiency can be improved.
  • the electrode 23a in this embodiment does not require special processing of the structure of the electrode 23a, and the cost associated with the production of the electrode 23a can be reduced.
  • the electrodes in the microbial fuel cell it is not necessary to increase the size of the electrode 23a in consideration of the amount of microorganisms retained in the electrode 23a and the reaction efficiency of the microorganisms, so it is possible to reduce the size of the equipment related to the gas treatment apparatus. .
  • the electrode 23b is a counter electrode to the electrode 23a, an electrode that transfers electrons to an electron acceptor, and functions as a so-called cathode. Also, the electrode 23b in this embodiment is arranged in the second cell 21b.
  • the material and shape of the electrode 23b are not particularly limited as long as it functions as a cathode.
  • the material and shape of the electrode 23b can be appropriately selected in consideration of the cost of material procurement and processing, the reaction efficiency of the electron acceptor in the electrode 23b, and the like.
  • Examples of materials for the electrode 23b include carbon and metals (titanium, stainless steel, platinum, copper, etc.) that are widely used as electrode materials in the field of electrochemistry.
  • examples of the shape of the electrode 23b include a flat plate shape, a bar shape, and a mesh shape.
  • the electrode 23b has a form suitable for a so-called air cathode.
  • Forms suitable for air cathodes include, for example, having both gas permeable and water impermeable properties.
  • Electrodes 23b include those made of carbon fiber, and those subjected to surface treatment such as application of a material having gas permeability and water impermeability to the surface of the metal mesh, lamination of films, and the like. mentioned. It should be noted that the term “water-impermeable” as used herein refers to impermeability to water. It is included.
  • the gas introduction section 3 is for introducing the gas G containing hydrogen sulfide from the gas generation source to the anode side (first cell 21a) of the reaction section 2 .
  • the gas source in the present invention refers to an environment in which the gas G containing hydrogen sulfide is generated, and specific examples thereof include facilities in which the gas G containing hydrogen sulfide is generated.
  • the gas introduction part 3 in this embodiment may be any one that can introduce the gas G from the gas generation source into the anode side of the reaction part 2.
  • the gas introduction part 3 in this embodiment may be directly connected to the gas generation source to introduce the gas G into the reaction part 2, and react the gas G collected and temporarily stored from the gas generation source. It may be introduced into part 2.
  • a pipe 31 may be provided to connect the inlet port 22a.
  • the gas G introduced in a gaseous state through the gas introduction part 3 comes into contact with the aqueous solution in the first cell 21a, and the gas is The reaction can proceed with the hydrogen sulfide in G dissolved in the aqueous solution.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the gas introduction part 3 in the gas treatment apparatus 1A in this embodiment. 1 and 2 are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof will be omitted.
  • the gas introduction part 3 includes a pipe 31 for transferring the gas G from the gas generation source, a water tank 33 into which the gas G is introduced via the pipe 31, a water tank 33 and an inlet 22a.
  • the water tank 33 in FIG. 3 is not particularly limited in terms of shape and material as long as it can mix the gas G from the gas generation source and the aqueous solution.
  • the aqueous solution stored in the water tank 33 may be the same as the aqueous solution supplied to the first cell 21a described above, or an alkaline solution may be used together with a so-called wet desulfurization treatment.
  • an alkaline solution it is preferable to use a weakly alkaline aqueous solution in view of the electrode reaction efficiency in the reaction section 2 .
  • means for adjusting the pH may be provided after the water tank 33 so that the aqueous solution becomes neutral (around pH 7) when it is introduced into the reaction section 2 .
  • the structure is not limited to that shown in FIG.
  • the recovery port 22b for recovering the gas G1 and the pipe 26 may be provided in the water tank 33 instead of in the first cell 21a.
  • the circulation path 27 as shown in FIG.
  • Direct connection of a pipe for introducing gas G from a gas generation source can be mentioned.
  • the space of the gas introduction unit 3 can be saved, and the size of the gas treatment apparatus 1A can be reduced.
  • the piping 31 and/or the piping 32a in the gas introduction section 3 may be provided with a flow rate adjusting mechanism such as a valve. This makes it possible to adjust the amount and flow rate of the gas G (hydrogen sulfide) introduced to the anode side of the reaction section 2 and control the mass transfer rate of hydrogen sulfide to the electrode 23a.
  • a flow rate adjusting mechanism such as a valve.
  • the gas treatment apparatus 1A in this embodiment uses hydrogen sulfide in the gas G containing hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor, and performs power generation and/or desulfurization by an electrochemical reaction (electrode reaction).
  • electrochemical reaction electrochemical reaction
  • the gas treatment apparatus 1A in this embodiment be insulated except for the part where the electrochemical reaction is performed (the reaction part 2).
  • insulation treatment for example, facilities other than the reaction section 2 (such as a water tank in the gas introduction section 3) may be installed on top of an insulator, and the outer wall or inner wall of the gas introduction section 3 may be made of an insulator. and coating the outer wall or inner wall of the gas introduction part 3 with an insulating material.
  • examples of insulating treatment for each pipe connected to the reaction section 2 include making each pipe made of an insulator, coating each pipe with an insulating material, and the like.
  • power generation and/or desulfurization can be performed by a reaction using hydrogen sulfide in the gas G as an electron donor.
  • the reactions and processes involved in power generation and desulfurization in the gas treatment apparatus 1A will be described in detail below.
  • reaction and process related to the reaction section 2 and the reaction related to other configurations (gas generation source, gas introduction section 3, gas recovery equipment provided at the latter stage of the pipe 26, etc.) and the description of the steps is omitted.
  • steps S1 and S2 are numbered for the sake of explanation, and do not specify the reaction and the order of steps.
  • a gas G is introduced into the first cell 21a on the anode side of the reaction section 2 from the gas generation source through the gas introduction section 3 (step S1).
  • the hydrogen sulfide dissolved in the aqueous solution in the first cell 21a contacts the electrode 23a, the hydrogen sulfide quickly functions as an electron donor to donate electrons to the electrode 23a.
  • the reaction (reaction R1) at the electrode 23a is represented by the following reaction formula (Formula 1).
  • reaction R1 hydrogen sulfide donates electrons to electrode 23a, and hydrogen sulfide itself is rendered harmless and odorless by being oxidized. Therefore, the gas treatment apparatus 1A of this embodiment can perform desulfurization and deodorization as well as power generation.
  • the gas G contains a reducing substance (ammonia, etc.) that is a harmful substance or an odorant other than hydrogen sulfide, it functions as an electron donor in the same way, and the reaction progresses to render it harmless. can be made odorless.
  • reaction R1 at the electrode 23a proceeds, electrons move from the electrode 23a to the electrode 23b via the lead (reaction R2). At this time, the hydrogen ions generated by the reaction at the electrode 23a move to the second cell 21b side via the ion exchanger 25 (reaction R3).
  • reaction R4 As an electron acceptor is introduced into the second cell 21b from the electron acceptor supply port 24a (step S2).
  • the electron acceptor receives the electron transferred from the electrode 23a to the electrode 23b by the reaction R2 via the electrode 23b.
  • the hydrogen ions that have moved to the second cell 21b side through the ion exchanger 25 by reaction R3 also react with the electron acceptor (oxygen).
  • the reaction (reaction R4) at the electrode 23b at this time is represented by the following reaction formula (formula 3).
  • the gas G1 from which hydrogen sulfide has been removed is discharged out of the system through the recovery port 22b and the pipe 26 as the power generation and desulfurization treatment in the reactions R1 to R4 and the steps S1 and S2 described above proceed. be.
  • the electrical energy obtained by power generation can be recovered and used through an external circuit connected to the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • the use of electric energy is not particularly limited. For example, it may be used for driving equipment of the gas treatment apparatus, or may be used outside the gas treatment apparatus.
  • the reaction since the reaction directly utilizes the component (hydrogen sulfide) in the gas G to be treated, the It is possible to significantly reduce the cost of chemicals (desulfurization agent, etc.).
  • electrode reactions generally have a high reaction rate, and there are many findings related to parameters related to reaction conditions. Therefore, the control of the processing conditions for the electrode reaction can be performed more easily than the control of the processing conditions for the processing using microorganisms. Therefore, in the treatment of gas containing hydrogen sulfide, low-cost and stable desulfurization treatment is possible, and efficient recovery and utilization of energy are also possible.
  • the gas treatment apparatus 1A of the present embodiment it is not necessary to supply gas components other than those derived from the gas G in the reaction section 2, and gas generation due to reaction hardly occurs. Therefore, when the gas G is biogas generated by methane fermentation treatment, the gas treatment apparatus 1A in this embodiment can effectively remove hydrogen sulfide and other reducing substances in the biogas. , high-purity methane gas can be recovered as the gas G1.
  • the configuration related to the gas treatment apparatus 1A in this embodiment may be used as an independent apparatus, or may be combined with other treatment equipment to construct a treatment system. Furthermore, it may be applied as a gas treatment device in an existing treatment system. As a result, it is possible to easily provide a treatment system equipped with the gas treatment apparatus of the present invention having functions of power generation and/or desulfurization treatment. Further, it is possible to provide a gas processing method (power generation method or desulfurization method) using the gas processing apparatus of the present invention for a newly constructed processing system or an existing processing system.
  • Method fermentation treatment system An example of a treatment system to which the gas treatment apparatus 1A of this embodiment is applied is a methane fermentation treatment system.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing the methane fermentation treatment system in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the methane fermentation treatment system 100A in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 310.
  • the methane fermentation treatment system 100A includes an introduction pipe L1 for introducing the material to be treated S into the anaerobic treatment unit 200, a connection pipe L2 for connecting the anaerobic treatment unit 200 and the biogas recovery unit 300, and the anaerobic treatment unit 200.
  • An introduction pipe L3 for introducing the waste water W1 into the waste water treatment unit 400 and a discharge pipe L4 for discharging the treated water W2 from the waste water treatment unit 400 to the outside of the system are provided.
  • the object S to be treated is subjected to anaerobic treatment by the anaerobic treatment unit 200, and the biogas generated at this time is recovered by the biogas recovery unit 300.
  • the subsequent waste water W1 is introduced into the waste water treatment section 400 .
  • the gas processing unit 310 provided in the biogas recovery unit 300 performs power generation and/or removal of sulfur components by reaction of hydrogen sulfide in the biogas.
  • electricity is generated and/or sulfur components are removed by a reaction using reducing substances (including hydrogen sulfide) in the waste water W1 as an electron donor.
  • the anaerobic treatment unit 200 is for performing anaerobic treatment on the object S to be treated.
  • the treatment performed by the anaerobic treatment unit 200 is an anaerobic treatment suitable for the treatment target contained in the object to be treated S, and is not particularly limited as long as the treated waste water W1 contains reducing substances.
  • Methane fermentation, which produces methane, is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of cost and usefulness of produced gas.
  • the anaerobic treatment unit 200 can use a structure known in the methane fermentation process, and preferably has a structure known as a combination of an acid production tank and a methane fermentation tank, or a structure known as a digestion tank. , the specific structure is not particularly limited. Note that the anaerobic treatment unit 200 also corresponds to the gas generation source described above.
  • biogas containing hydrogen sulfide which is mainly composed of methane gas
  • products such as hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen and ammonia.
  • the biogas generated in the anaerobic treatment unit 200 is introduced into the biogas recovery unit 300 via the connecting pipe L2.
  • the waste water W1 from the anaerobic treatment unit 200 is introduced into the waste water treatment unit 400 via the introduction pipe L3.
  • the biogas recovery unit 300 recovers the biogas generated in the anaerobic treatment unit 200 and performs gas processing.
  • the biogas recovery unit 300 in this embodiment is provided with a gas processing unit 310 having a reaction unit having a pair of electrodes and a gas introduction unit for introducing biogas to the anode side of the reaction unit. 310 advances the reaction of hydrogen sulfide in the biogas to generate electricity and/or remove sulfur components.
  • the gas processing unit 310 in this embodiment can have the same structure as the gas processing apparatus 1A described above.
  • the connection pipe L2 corresponds to the gas introduction portion 3.
  • FIG. 4 shows a gas processing unit 310 having the same structure as the gas processing apparatus 1A shown in FIG.
  • the treatment device can also be used as the gas treatment section 310 in the methane fermentation treatment system of the present invention.
  • the reaction directly using the component (hydrogen sulfide) in the biogas to be treated is performed. Therefore, compared with dry desulfurization and wet desulfurization, it is possible to greatly reduce the cost of chemicals (desulfurization agent, etc.) supplied from outside the system. It is also known that the electrode reaction has a faster reaction rate than the treatment using microorganisms, and the treatment conditions can be easily controlled. Therefore, in the treatment of gas containing hydrogen sulfide, low-cost and stable desulfurization treatment is possible, and efficient recovery and utilization of energy are also possible.
  • the gas treatment apparatus 1A as the gas treatment part 310, in the reaction part 2, it is not necessary to supply gas components other than those derived from the biogas, and gas generation due to reaction hardly occurs. Therefore, hydrogen sulfide and other reducing substances in the biogas can be effectively removed, and high-purity methane gas can be recovered as the gas G1.
  • the biogas recovery unit 300 may be provided with facilities for recovering and storing the gas G1 in addition to the gas processing unit 310 (gas processing apparatus 1A). As a result, hydrogen sulfide is removed, and high-purity methane gas can be easily and effectively utilized.
  • the waste water treatment unit 400 is for performing an electrode reaction using a reducing substance in the waste water W1 as an electron donor. More specifically, it is intended to generate power and/or remove sulfur components through a reaction with reducing substances (especially hydrogen sulfide) in the waste water W1 as an electron donor.
  • the wastewater treatment unit 400 of the present embodiment is provided after the anaerobic treatment unit 200, and partitions between the first cell 410a and the second cell 410b and the cells 410a and 410b.
  • An ion exchanger 450 is provided, and electrodes 430a and 430b are arranged in cells 410a and 410b, respectively.
  • the first cell 410a is formed so that the waste water W1 introduced from the anaerobic treatment unit 200 through the introduction pipe L3 and the introduction port 420a is in contact with the electrode 430a, and is arranged in the first cell 410a.
  • the electrode 430a thus formed functions as an anode.
  • the second cell 410b is formed to store or supply an electron acceptor, and the electrode 430b arranged in the second cell 410b functions as a cathode.
  • the second cell 31b is also provided with an electron acceptor supply port 440a for supplying the electron acceptor and an electron acceptor discharge port 440b for discharging the reacted electron acceptor.
  • the electrodes 430a and 430b are connected to an external circuit by conductors (not shown). As a result, in the waste water treatment unit 400, it becomes possible to recover and utilize electrical energy generated by the reducing substance acting as an electron donor, and to perform desulfurization treatment.
  • the first cell 410a and the second cell 410b, the inlet 420a, the electrodes 430a and 430b, the electron acceptor supply port 440a and the electron acceptor outlet 440b, the ion exchanger 450 are the first cell 21a and second cell 21b, the inlet 22a, the electrodes 23a and 23b, the electron acceptor supply port 24a and the electron acceptor outlet 24b, and the ion exchanger 25 in the gas treatment apparatus 1A, respectively.
  • a thing having a function and a structure is mentioned.
  • efficient desulfurization treatment and recovery/utilization of energy are enabled by the same reactions and processes as in the gas treatment apparatus 1A described above.
  • the first cell 410a may be provided with a drain port 420b for discharging the wastewater W after contact with the electrode 430a and a discharge pipe L4. good.
  • the reducing substances in the waste water W1 donate electrons to the electrode 33a as electron donors, and then are rapidly discharged through the discharge pipe L4.
  • the treated water W2 discharged through the discharge pipe L4 can be discharged as it is if it satisfies the water quality that allows discharge to a river or the like.
  • a reaction tank (not shown) for further processing the treated water W2 may be provided after the discharge pipe L4.
  • Such a reaction tank is not particularly limited as long as the treated water W2 can be treated so as to have a water quality that can be discharged into a river. Examples include an aeration tank and a pH adjustment tank.
  • FIG. 4 shows a wastewater treatment unit 400 having substantially the same structure as the gas treatment apparatus 1A shown in FIG.
  • the structure related to the gas treatment device can also be used as the structure of the waste water treatment section 400 in the methane fermentation treatment system of the present invention.
  • the first cell in the wastewater treatment unit 400 can be the circulation flow path 27 in the gas treatment apparatus 1A shown in FIG. 2 or the combination of the water tank 33 and the pipes 32a and 32b in the gas treatment apparatus 1A shown in FIG.
  • a channel may be formed for circulating the waste water W1 (treated water W2) after the electrode reaction in the cell 410a into the first cell 410a.
  • the waste water W1 (treated water W2) can be repeatedly introduced into the first cell 410a, the reaction efficiency with the reducing substance as an electron donor can be increased, and a particularly efficient desulfurization treatment can be performed. becomes.
  • the methane fermentation treatment system 100A in this embodiment uses the reducing substance in the waste water W1 from the anaerobic treatment unit 200 as an electron donor in addition to the hydrogen sulfide in the biogas, and generates and produces electricity through an electrochemical reaction (electrode reaction). Desulfurization treatment is performed. As described above, it is known that there is a problem that the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction is lowered due to the movement of electrons to a place other than the place where the electrochemical reaction is performed. Therefore, in the methane fermentation treatment system 100A in this embodiment, it is preferable to insulate the parts other than the part where the electrochemical reaction takes place.
  • the insulation treatment include, for example, installing the anaerobic treatment unit 200 on top of an insulator, configuring the outer wall or inner wall of the anaerobic treatment unit 200 with an insulator,
  • the inner wall may be coated with an insulating material.
  • Insulation of the introduction pipes L1 and L3, the connection pipe L2, and the discharge pipe L4 includes, for example, making each pipe made of an insulator, coating each pipe with an insulating material, and the like. be done.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the methane fermentation treatment system in this embodiment.
  • the methane fermentation treatment system 100B shown in FIG. 5 as the wastewater treatment unit 400, instead of directly introducing the wastewater W1 from the anaerobic treatment unit 200 into the first cell 410a, the filtrate F after the solid-liquid separation treatment is transferred to the first cell 410a. Introduced into the cell 410a, wastewater treatment is performed using the reducing substance in the filtrate F as an electron donor.
  • description is abbreviate
  • the waste water W1 discharged from the anaerobic treatment unit 200 may contain a certain amount of solid components. Therefore, by directly introducing the waste water W1 into the first cell 410a, the electrode reaction may be inhibited by the solid components. Therefore, in the methane fermentation treatment system 100B, by introducing the filtrate F after the solid-liquid separation treatment of the waste water W1 into the first cell 410a, the reaction using the reducing substance in the waste water W1 as an electron donor is indirectly performed. to proceed to power generation and/or removal of sulfur components.
  • the methane fermentation treatment system 100B in this embodiment further includes a solid-liquid separation part 460 in the waste water treatment part 400 of the methane fermentation treatment system 100A.
  • the methane fermentation treatment system 100B connects the anaerobic treatment unit 200 and the solid-liquid separation unit 460 instead of the introduction pipe L3, and the connection pipe L5 for introducing the waste water W1 into the solid-liquid separation unit 460 and the solid-liquid separation unit
  • An introduction pipe L6 for introducing the filtrate F separated in 460 into the first cell 410a is provided, and a discharge pipe L7 for discharging solids separated by the solid-liquid separation section 460 is provided.
  • the solid-liquid separation unit 460 separates the waste water W1 introduced from the anaerobic treatment unit 200 into solid matter and filtrate F. As shown in FIG. Here, the waste water W1 separated and treated in the solid-liquid separation unit 460 is the effluent after being anaerobic treated in the anaerobic treatment unit 200, and is a solid-liquid mixture (sludge) containing muddy matter such as excess sludge. . Moreover, the waste water W1 contains reducing substances produced by methane fermentation.
  • the solid-liquid separation unit 460 performs solid-liquid separation of the waste water W1, recovers the filtrate F containing the reducing substance, and introduces it into the subsequent first cell 410a, thereby removing the reducing substance in the waste water W1 by electrons. It becomes possible to indirectly proceed the reaction with the donor.
  • the solid-liquid separation unit 460 is not particularly limited as long as it can separate the solids contained in the waste water W1 and the filtrate F.
  • sedimentation separation tanks such as coagulation sedimentation tanks and sedimentation tanks, centrifugal separation tanks equipped with centrifuges, belt press dehydrators and screw press dehydrators equipped with pressurized filtration equipment, etc. is mentioned.
  • the filtrate F separated by the solid-liquid separation unit 460 is introduced into the first cell 410a via the introduction pipe L6.
  • the solid matter separated by the solid-liquid separation section 460 is discharged out of the system through the discharge pipe L7.
  • a treatment facility for treating the solids may be provided downstream of the discharge pipe L7.
  • the filtrate F introduced into the first cell 410a is processed by the same reaction and process as the electrode reaction of the waste water W1 in the methane fermentation treatment system 100A described above, and the reducing substance in the filtrate F acts as an electron donor. It is possible to recover and utilize the generated electric energy, and desulfurization treatment is also possible.
  • the methane fermentation treatment system 100 performs gas treatment by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide contained in biogas generated during anaerobic treatment, and reduces reducing substances contained in wastewater generated due to anaerobic treatment.
  • Wastewater treatment for use as an electron donor can be carried out as separate electrode reactions.
  • gas treatment of biogas can be performed at a lower cost than dry desulfurization or wet desulfurization, and stable treatment conditions can be more easily controlled than biological desulfurization. That is, in the treatment of gas containing hydrogen sulfide, low-cost and stable desulfurization treatment is possible, and efficient energy recovery and utilization are also possible.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing a gas treatment apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the gas treatment apparatus 1B according to the second embodiment has a microorganism adding means for adding microorganisms M to the anode side (first cell 21a) of the reaction section 2, in contrast to the structure of the gas treatment apparatus 1A according to the first embodiment. 4 is further provided.
  • a gas treatment apparatus 1B shown in FIG. 6 is provided with a microorganism adding means 4 in contrast to the gas treatment apparatus 1A shown in FIG. Also, the description of the same configuration as that of the first embodiment will be omitted.
  • sulfur is produced by the reaction (reaction R1) at the electrode 23a represented by formulas 1 and 2.
  • the sulfur generated at this time may be discharged out of the system together with the aqueous solution in the first cell 21a through the drain port 22c or the like.
  • the gas treatment apparatus 1A shown in FIG. can happen. Accumulated sulfur affects the electrode reaction and causes a decrease in the efficiency of power generation and desulfurization treatment. Therefore, it is preferable to process the sulfur in a form that does not affect the electrode reaction in the first cell 21a.
  • the microorganism addition means 4 is for adding microorganisms to the anode side of the reaction section 2 to oxidize sulfur compounds on the anode side, and particularly for oxidizing sulfur generated on the anode side.
  • the microorganism adding means 4 is not particularly limited as long as it can add the microorganism M to the anode side (first cell 21a) of the reaction section 2.
  • a pipe 41 for adding microorganisms M may be provided on the circulation flow path 27 .
  • the microorganisms M added via the pipe 41 circulate in the first cell 21a together with the aqueous solution, making it possible to increase the efficiency of contact with the sulfur compound to be oxidized.
  • Microorganisms M to be added may be those capable of oxidizing sulfur compounds, and include microorganisms classified as sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. As a result, the sulfur produced in the first cell 21a is oxidized by the microorganisms M into sulfuric acid (sulfate ions). Also, hydrogen sulfide is also oxidized by the microorganisms M, although the processing speed is slower than the electrode reaction by the electrode 23a, so that the desulfurization process proceeds.
  • the microorganisms M to be added may be isolated ones, or fractionated microorganisms used in other microorganism treatment facilities.
  • a pipe 42 for adding the nutrient N may be provided in order to improve the metabolic rate of the microorganism M.
  • the nutrient N to be added may include a component that contributes to the activity improvement (metabolism improvement) of the microorganism M, and examples thereof include phosphorus and trace elements (rare metals).
  • sulfur generated on the anode side of the reaction section can be removed by providing the microorganism addition means for adding microorganisms to the anode side of the reaction section. , it is possible to suppress the decrease in the efficiency of the electrode reaction and improve the efficiency of power generation and desulfurization treatment.
  • gas treatment apparatus 1B of this embodiment power generation and desulfurization can be performed by the same steps as in the first embodiment.
  • the gas treatment device 1B in this embodiment can be applied as the gas treatment section 310 in the methane fermentation treatment system 100 in the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing a gas treatment apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the gas treatment apparatus 1C according to the third embodiment has a contact efficiency improving means 5 for improving the contact efficiency between the electrode surface of the reaction section 2 and the electrode reaction component. is further provided.
  • a gas treatment apparatus 1C shown in FIG. 7 is provided with a contact efficiency improving means 5 in contrast to the gas treatment apparatus 1A shown in FIG. Also, the description of the same configuration as that of the first embodiment will be omitted.
  • the electrode 23a in this embodiment directly collects electrons from the hydrogen sulfide contained in the gas G. Therefore, by improving the contact efficiency of hydrogen sulfide (reducing substance), which is an electrode reaction component, with respect to the electrode 23a, it is possible to suppress a decrease in electrode reaction efficiency and improve power generation efficiency. Similarly, by improving the contact efficiency of the electron acceptor, which is an electrode reaction component, for the electrode 23b, it is possible to suppress the decrease in the electrode reaction efficiency and improve the power generation effect.
  • hydrogen sulfide reducing substance
  • the electron acceptor which is an electrode reaction component
  • the contact efficiency improving means 5 is for improving the contact efficiency of the electrode reaction component with respect to the surface of the electrode 23 a and/or the electrode 23 b in the reaction section 2 .
  • the contact efficiency improving means 5 is not particularly limited as long as it can improve the contact efficiency of the electrode reaction component with respect to the surface of the electrode 23a and/or the electrode 23b.
  • Examples of the contact efficiency improving means 5 in this embodiment include means for increasing the moving speed of the electrode reaction component on the surface of the electrode 23a and/or the electrode 23b, and means for increasing the concentration of the electrode reaction component.
  • the contact efficiency improving means 5 may be provided as a dedicated incidental equipment for the gas treatment apparatus 1C, but it is preferable to use the treatment means in other treatment equipment.
  • the existing processing means in other processing equipment can be used as the contact efficiency improving means 5, the incidental equipment related to improving the contact efficiency between the electrode and the electrode reaction component can be reduced, and the running cost can be greatly reduced. .
  • contact efficiency improving means 5 A specific example of the contact efficiency improving means 5 will be described below. Note that the following description of the contact efficiency improving means 5 is an example of the contact efficiency improving means 5 in this embodiment, and is not limited to this.
  • An example of the contact efficiency improving means 5 in this embodiment is to provide a movement speed control means 6 for controlling the movement speed of the electrode reaction component with respect to the surface of the electrode 23a and/or the electrode 23b.
  • Examples of the movement speed control means 6 include those that can control the movement speed of the electrode reaction component with respect to the surface of the electrode 23a and/or the electrode 23b, and at least increase the movement speed of the electrode reaction component. Specifically, the flow rate when gas G (or an aqueous solution in which gas G is mixed (dissolved)) is introduced into the reaction section 2 via the gas introduction section 3 is controlled, and the cells of the reaction section 2 ( In addition to generating turbulence in the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b), controlling the temperature related to the electrode reaction and the like can be mentioned.
  • the moving speed control means 6 when the movement speed control means 6 is used to control the flow speed of the entire gas G introduced by the gas introduction portion 3, considering the total amount of the gas G, this flow speed control requires a large amount of power. is assumed. Therefore, it is preferable that the moving speed control means 6 be capable of forming turbulent flow in the cells of the reaction section 2 and increasing the moving speed of the electrode reaction components. Furthermore, it is more preferable to form a turbulent flow in the vicinity of the electrode surface in the reaction section 2 . As a result, the power required for controlling the moving speed of the electrode reaction component can be suppressed, and energy saving and cost saving can be achieved.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic explanatory diagram of the moving speed control means 6 used in this embodiment that supplies a fluid to the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • fluid supply ports 61a and 61b and fluid supply means 62 are provided in the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b, respectively. to be supplied with fluid.
  • the dashed arrows in FIG. 8 indicate the moving direction of the fluid.
  • the fluid supply means 62 is not particularly limited as long as it can supply fluid. As described above, the fluid supply means 62 may be provided as ancillary equipment dedicated to the gas treatment apparatus 1C, but it is preferable to use treatment means in other treatment equipment. As the fluid supply means 62, equipment capable of compressing the fluid may be provided to supply the compressed fluid. By using the compressed fluid, it becomes possible to easily perform flow velocity control related to turbulent flow formation near the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • gas is used as the fluid to be supplied from the fluid supply means 62, for example, a gas generated in a treatment process in another treatment facility may be supplied, or a part of the gas used in a treatment process in another treatment facility may be diverted. supply.
  • the gas treatment apparatus 1C in this embodiment is applied to the methane fermentation treatment system 100 that treats the object S to be treated, it is installed as a treatment facility for the treated water W2 in the methane fermentation treatment system 100.
  • part of the aeration gas in the aeration tank may be supplied from the fluid supply ports 61a and 61b.
  • a part of the liquid used in the treatment process in another treatment facility may be used for supply.
  • the gas treatment apparatus 1C in this embodiment is applied to the methane fermentation treatment system 100 that treats the material to be treated S
  • part of the treated water W2 in the methane fermentation treatment system 100 is For example, it may be supplied from the supply ports 61a and 61b.
  • the liquid supply source of the processing means for the object to be processed S and the moving speed control means 6 can be used together, and the processing cost can be reduced.
  • the gas G to be treated is biogas
  • gas components other than those derived from the biogas are mixed into the gas G1. Therefore, it is preferable to use a liquid as the fluid supplied from the fluid supply means 62 .
  • the introduction port 22a, the recovery port 22b, the electron acceptor supply port 24a and the electron acceptor discharge port are provided without separately providing the fluid supply ports 61a and 61b shown in FIG. 24b may also be used as fluid supply ports 61a and 61b.
  • the fluid supplied to the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b is directly discharged from the drain port 22c and the electron acceptor outlet 24b together with the treated water and the electron acceptor.
  • recovery means 63 for recovering the supplied fluid may be provided.
  • the recovery means 63 is not particularly limited as long as it can discharge and recover the fluid in the movement speed control means 6 from the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are schematic explanatory diagrams showing another aspect of the gas treatment device 1C in this embodiment.
  • a gas treatment apparatus 1C in FIGS. 9 and 10 is a schematic explanatory diagram relating to the moving speed control means 6 shown in FIG.
  • fluid discharge ports 64a and 64b are provided in the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b as a fluid recovery means 63, and the fluid supplied to the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b is (gas) is recovered from fluid outlets 64a and 64b.
  • the recovery port 22b can also be used as a fluid discharge port 64a in the fluid recovery means 63.
  • the fluid recovery means 63 includes a gas-liquid separator 65 that separates and recovers the fluid discharged from the recovery port 22b and/or the electron acceptor discharge port 24b.
  • a recovery port 22b is provided on the side surface of the first cell 21a
  • a gas-liquid separator 65 is provided on the pipe 26 connected to the recovery port 22b, and gas G1 and fluid (liquid) are separated.
  • the gas G1 and the treated water W4 obtained by removing the gas G1 from the treated water W3 can be recovered separately.
  • the treated water W4 may be discharged outside the system as shown in FIG.
  • the fluid (liquid) can be used repeatedly, and the running cost can be reduced.
  • the water-soluble component contained in the fluid can be dissolved in and removed. Therefore, by supplying a gas containing a water-soluble component discharged from other processing equipment as a fluid, it functions not only as a fluid in the moving speed control means 6 but also as a water-soluble component contained in the fluid (gas). Components can also be removed. Thereby, in addition to the gas treatment (desulfurization treatment) of the gas containing hydrogen sulfide and power generation, the gas treatment device 1C can be given the function of gas refining. In particular, when the water-soluble component is an electrolyte or an electrode reaction component, it also functions as the concentration control means 7, which will be described later.
  • Another aspect of the movement speed control means 6 is to provide a stirring mechanism in the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b to form a turbulent flow. As a result, it is possible to control the movement speed of the electrode reaction component with respect to the electrode surface without providing a structure related to fluid supply from the outside. Further, by driving control of the stirring mechanism, it becomes possible to easily control the moving speed of the electrode reaction component.
  • FIG. 11 to 13 are schematic explanatory diagrams when the temperature control means 66 is provided as the moving speed control means 6 of this embodiment. 11 to 13 show a gas treatment apparatus 1C provided with a temperature control means 66 in addition to the gas treatment apparatus 1A shown in FIG.
  • an electrode reaction using hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor is progressing in the reaction section 2 .
  • an increase in temperature causes an improvement in mass transfer rate and an improvement in reaction efficiency. Therefore, by providing the temperature control means 66 for controlling the temperature related to the electrode reaction in the gas treatment apparatus 1C as the movement speed control means 6, the efficiency of the electrode reaction can be improved, and the power generation efficiency and the desulfurization efficiency can be increased. becomes.
  • the temperature control means 66 is not particularly limited as long as it can adjust the temperature of the reaction section 2 .
  • adjusting the temperature of the reaction section 2 itself adjusting the temperature of the gas G (or an aqueous solution in which the gas G is mixed (dissolved)) to be introduced into the reaction section 2, and the like can be mentioned.
  • a facility relating to a heat source may be newly installed, or a heat source may be brought in from another processing facility outside the gas treatment apparatus 1C.
  • the existing heat exchange facility 67 associated with the gas treatment apparatus 1C is used. More specifically, in the anaerobic treatment unit 200 of the methane fermentation treatment system 100, an existing heat exchange facility or the like provided for advancing anaerobic treatment can be mentioned.
  • an existing heat exchange facility or the like provided for advancing anaerobic treatment can be mentioned.
  • the heat from the existing heat exchange equipment 67 is supplied to the second cell 21a and the second cell 21b), the electrodes (the electrode 23a and the electrode 23b), the inlet 22a and the electron acceptor supply port 24a, and the gas inlet 3.
  • pipes 68a and 68b are provided to connect the existing heat exchange equipment 67 and the reaction section 2, and the pipes 68a and 68b are filled with air, water, or the like.
  • Heat from the existing heat exchange equipment 67 can be supplied to the reaction section 2 by moving the heat medium.
  • the temperature of the reaction section 2 is controlled, the temperature of the portion where the reaction with hydrogen sulfide (reducing substance) in the gas G as an electron donor is performed is controlled, and the movement speed of the electrode reaction component with respect to the electrode surface is controlled.
  • the means for connecting the pipes 68a and 68b and the reaction section 2 is not particularly limited.
  • the pipes 68a and 68b are arranged so as to surround the entire reaction section 2, and the pipes 68a and 68b are the components of the reaction section 2 (the electrodes 23a and 23b, or the first cell 21a and the second cell). 21b).
  • the temperature control means 66 as shown in FIG. Heat from the existing heat exchange equipment 67 is supplied to the gas G in the pipe 31 by moving a heat medium such as air or water. As a result, the temperature of the gas G introduced into the reaction section 2 is controlled, and the temperature of the electrode reaction component (electron donor) or the medium used in the reaction using hydrogen sulfide (reducing substance) in the gas G as the electron donor is controlled.
  • the pipes 69a and 69b may be connected to the electron acceptor supply port 24a instead of the pipe 31.
  • FIG. As a result, the heat from the existing heat exchange equipment 67 is supplied to the electron acceptor, and the temperature of the electrode reaction component (electron acceptor) used in the reaction using hydrogen sulfide (reducing substance) in the gas G as the electron donor is reduced. can be controlled to control the migration speed of the electrode reaction component with respect to the electrode surface.
  • the temperature control means 66 shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 may be provided individually or in combination. An appropriate selection can be made in consideration of the efficiency of temperature control by the temperature control means 66 and the cost associated with the equipment.
  • the temperature control means 66 instead of the existing heat exchange equipment 67, exhaust heat in gas power generation using recovered gas (especially methane gas, etc.) as the gas G1 may be used. More specifically, a heat medium such as air or water that is heated using this exhaust heat is brought into contact with the reaction section 2, the pipe 31, etc. through a pipe, and heat is supplied to the sulfurization in the gas G. It becomes possible to control the temperature for the reaction with hydrogen (reducing substance) as an electron donor. As a result, power generation efficiency and desulfurization treatment efficiency can be improved, and exhaust heat associated with methane gas power generation can be effectively used.
  • hydrogen reducing substance
  • Another example of the contact efficiency improving means 5 in this embodiment is to provide a concentration control means 7 for controlling the concentration of the electrode reaction component.
  • concentration control means 7 examples include those that can control the concentration of the electrode reaction component in the reaction section 2 and at least increase the concentration of the electrode reaction component. Specifically, in addition to additionally supplying the electrode reaction components to the reaction section 2, concentrating the electrode reaction components in the reaction section 2 near the electrodes 23a and 23b, in the first cell 21a For example, maintaining environmental conditions that dissolve the electrode reaction components in the medium.
  • a specific example of the concentration control means 7 is to additionally supply the electrode reaction component into the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b.
  • 14A and 14B are schematic explanatory diagrams when a device for additionally supplying an electrode reaction component to the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b is used as the concentration control means 7 of this embodiment.
  • a gas treatment apparatus 1C shown in FIG. 14 has a concentration control means 7 in addition to the gas treatment apparatus 1A shown in FIG.
  • electrode reaction component addition ports 71a and 71b and electrode reaction component addition means 72 are provided in the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b, respectively.
  • the electrode reaction component adding means 72 is not particularly limited as long as it can additionally supply the electrode reaction component to the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b.
  • the electrode reaction component adding means 72 may include a reservoir for storing the electrode reaction component, a controller for determining and adjusting the addition amount of the electrode reaction component, and the like.
  • the type of electrode reaction component added by the electrode reaction component adding means 72 is not particularly limited as long as the electrode reaction proceeds in each of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • a reducing substance may be added as an electrode reaction component to the first cell 21a via the electrode reaction component adding means 72 .
  • the second cell 21b may add an electron acceptor as an electrode reaction component via the electrode reaction component adding means 72 .
  • the function of the electrode reaction component adding means 72 may also be served. This makes it possible to further improve the contact efficiency between the electrode surface of the reaction section 2 and the electrode reaction component.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of the concentration control means 7 of this embodiment in which the electrode reaction components are concentrated in the vicinity of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • the concentration control means 7 includes an adsorbent 73 in the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b.
  • the adsorbent 73 is not particularly limited as long as it can adsorb the electrode reaction component, and its material and shape are not particularly limited.
  • the first cell 21a may be provided with an adsorbent 73 capable of adsorbing hydrogen sulfide and other reducing substances as electrode reaction components.
  • the second cell 21b may be provided with an adsorbent 73 capable of adsorbing an electron acceptor as an electrode reaction component.
  • the adsorbent 73 may be provided in the vicinity of the electrodes 23a and 23b. may have This makes it possible to concentrate the electrode reaction components near the electrodes 23a and 23b and control the concentration of the electrode reaction components.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of the concentration control means 7 used in this embodiment that maintains the environmental conditions for dissolving the electrode reaction component in the medium (aqueous solution) in the first cell 21a. 16 shows a gas treatment apparatus 1C provided with a concentration control means 7 in contrast to the gas treatment apparatus 1A shown in FIG.
  • Hydrogen sulfide contained in the gas G to be treated in this embodiment changes its solubility in the aqueous solution depending on the pH, and the solubility increases by making the pH 6 or higher, which is closer to alkaline, and the hydrogen sulfide out of the aqueous solution. is known to suppress the release of Therefore, by providing the pH control means 74 for adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution in which hydrogen sulfide is dissolved, the solubility of hydrogen sulfide is changed and hydrogen sulfide is dissolved in the medium (aqueous solution) in the first cell 21a. Environmental conditions can be maintained.
  • the amount of hydrogen sulfide dissolved in the aqueous solution in the first cell 21a is increased, and the amount of the electron donor used for the reaction is increased, thereby increasing the power generation efficiency and the desulfurization treatment efficiency in the reaction unit 2. becomes possible.
  • the pH control means 74 is not particularly limited as long as it can adjust the pH of the aqueous solution in which hydrogen sulfide is dissolved and dissolve hydrogen sulfide in the aqueous solution in the first cell 21a.
  • a pH detection unit 77 is provided for the pH control means 74.
  • the storage part 75 is not particularly limited as long as it can store the pH adjuster.
  • the type of pH adjuster stored in the reservoir 75 is not particularly limited, and the pH may be adjusted to increase the solubility of hydrogen sulfide according to the pH dependence of the solubility of hydrogen sulfide and the pH in the water tank 33 . It is preferable to select the type of pH adjuster that can More specifically, the pH adjuster includes hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, and acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.
  • the addition section 76 is for adding the pH adjuster in the storage section 75 to the aqueous solution. Further, the addition section 76 in this embodiment is provided on the pipe 32a as shown in FIG. At this time, the addition part 76 is not particularly limited as long as it has a structure capable of adding the pH adjuster to the aqueous solution in the pipe 32a. For example, a pipe that connects the pipe 32a and the reservoir 75 and has a flow rate adjusting function can be used.
  • the location of the addition portion 76 is not particularly limited, it is preferable to select a location where the pH of the aqueous solution can be adjusted and the solubility of hydrogen sulfide can be appropriately controlled.
  • the addition part 76 may be provided on the water tank 33.
  • FIG. the environment in the water tank 33 can be set to a condition in which the solubility of hydrogen sulfide increases, and the hydrogen sulfide in the gas G can be highly efficiently dissolved in the aqueous solution in the gas introduction section 3. becomes.
  • the amount of hydrogen sulfide introduced to the anode side (first cell 21a) of the reaction section 2 via the gas introduction section 3 increases, and the electrode reaction efficiency in the reaction section 2 can be effectively increased. It becomes possible.
  • the water tank 33 with a pH detection unit 77 and control the amount of the pH adjuster added from the addition unit 76 according to the detection result of the pH detection unit 77 .
  • the location where the pH detection unit 77 is provided is not particularly limited, and it may be provided on the pipe 31 or the pipe 32a. This makes it easier to adjust the pH of the aqueous solution and allows it to be adjusted at an appropriate timing. As a result, by increasing the amount of hydrogen sulfide in the aqueous solution introduced into the reaction section 2 through the pipe 32a and increasing the amount of the electron donor used for the reaction, the power generation efficiency and the desulfurization treatment efficiency in the reaction section 2 are improved. can be increased.
  • the means for controlling the adding section 76 according to the detection result of the pH detecting section 77 is not particularly limited.
  • an operator visually confirms the detection result of the pH detection unit 77 and manually operates the addition unit 76 according to the result, or the pH detection unit 77 and the addition unit 76 are connected so as to be controllable, and the aqueous solution is automatic control of the pH detection and the addition of the pH adjuster.
  • the contact efficiency improving means 5 in this embodiment can appropriately set conditions related to its operation. For example, when the reaction section 2 is driven (during power generation), it may be always operated, or the interval or timing of operation may be changed regularly or irregularly. As a result, it is possible to set operating conditions that allow efficient power generation and desulfurization treatment by the gas treatment device 1C, thereby enabling efficient recovery and utilization of energy and improvement in desulfurization treatment efficiency.
  • the operating conditions of the moving speed control means 6 and the concentration control means 7 may be set in order to suppress deposits from accumulating on the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b. . Further, in order to remove deposits on the electrode surface, the movement speed control means 6 and the concentration control means 7 themselves may also function as the cleaning means 8 described later. Thereby, the contact efficiency improving means 5 is provided with a plurality of functions for improving the contact efficiency between the electrode surface and the electrode reaction component, and the device configuration can be simplified.
  • the contact efficiency improving means for improving the contact efficiency between the electrode surface of the reaction section and the electrode reaction component, the decrease in electrode reaction efficiency is suppressed. This makes it possible to improve the efficiency of power generation and desulfurization.
  • gas treatment apparatus 1C of this embodiment power generation and desulfurization can be performed by the same steps as in the first embodiment.
  • the gas treatment device 1C in this embodiment can be applied as the gas treatment section 310 in the methane fermentation treatment system 100 in the invention.
  • the electrode reaction component can be rapidly moved to the electrode surface. can be supplied.
  • a movement speed control means for controlling the movement speed of the electrode reaction component with respect to the electrode surface
  • concentration control means for controlling the concentration of the electrode reaction component as means for improving the contact efficiency in the gas treatment apparatus 1C of the present embodiment, it is possible to increase the amount of the electrode reaction component involved in the electrode reaction. . As a result, it is possible to improve the contact efficiency between the electrode surface and the electrode reaction component, suppress the decrease in efficiency of the electrode reaction, and improve the power generation efficiency.
  • the contact efficiency improving means in the gas treatment apparatus 1C of the present embodiment it is possible to further suppress the decrease in electrode reaction efficiency.
  • a fluid (gas) containing a water-soluble component (electrolyte, electrode reaction component, etc.) is used as a fluid for turbulent flow formation in the movement speed control means and as an electrode reaction component for additional supply in the concentration control means.
  • the gas treatment apparatus 1C in this embodiment has the effect of being able to provide gas purification functions in addition to gas treatment (desulfurization treatment) of gas containing hydrogen sulfide and power generation.
  • the gas treatment apparatus 1D according to the fourth embodiment has a contact efficiency improving means 5 in which deposits deposited on the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b are A cleaning means 8 for cleaning is provided. Descriptions of the same configurations as those of the first to third embodiments will be omitted.
  • the cleaning means 8 as the contact efficiency improving means 5
  • deposits on the electrode surface can be removed, and the contact efficiency between the electrode and the electrode reaction component can be improved.
  • the cleaning means 8 is for cleaning the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b in the reaction section 2 to suppress the deterioration of the electrode reaction efficiency.
  • the cleaning means 8 is not particularly limited as long as it can remove deposits deposited on the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • cleaning is performed while the electrodes 23a and 23b are kept in the reaction section 2, and cleaning is performed after removing the electrodes 23a and 23b from the reaction section 2.
  • it is possible to select an appropriate one in view of the cleaning effect, ease of work, and the like.
  • cleaning means are described below. Note that the following description of the cleaning means 8 is an example of the cleaning means 8 in this embodiment, and is not limited to this.
  • the cleaning means 8 of this embodiment one having a peeling means 8A for applying an external force to the deposit deposited on the electrode surface and peeling the deposit can be mentioned.
  • the peeling means 8A may be any means that can apply an external force to the deposits to peel them off. Means for applying a shearing force by gas or liquid to the accumulated sediments.
  • the stripping means 8A as the cleaning means 8, the deposits can be forcibly stripped from the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b, and a high cleaning effect can be obtained regardless of the type of deposits.
  • cleaning can be performed by the cleaning means 8 without changing the environmental conditions (pH, concentrations of various compounds, etc.) inside the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b.
  • a specific example of the peeling means 8A is to provide a member such as a sponge or a scraper for scraping the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • a driving unit and a control unit are provided so as to automatically rub the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b, and the frequency and timing of washing are set. To be mentioned. This facilitates cleaning of deposits deposited on the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b. In addition, by periodically moving the members, it is possible to suppress the deposit itself from accumulating on the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • Another example of using a member for rubbing the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b is that the operator directly cleans the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b. As a result, cleaning of the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b and maintenance by the operator's visual inspection can be performed.
  • FIG. 16 Another specific example of the peeling means 8A is to apply air bubbles or compressed fluid (gas or liquid) to the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • 17A and 17B are schematic explanatory diagrams when a fluid (gas or liquid) is applied to the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b as the peeling means 8A of this embodiment.
  • a gas treatment apparatus 1D in FIG. 16 is provided with a cleaning means 8 in contrast to the gas treatment apparatus 1A in the first embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b are provided with fluid supply ports 81a and 81b and a fluid supply means 82 as the peeling means 8A, respectively, and the fluid hits the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • the fluid supply ports 81a and 81b and the fluid supply means 82 have the same structure as the fluid supply ports 61a and 61b and the fluid supply means 62 in the movement speed control means 6 described above. It may also serve as the function of the means 8A.
  • the fluid supply means 82 is not particularly limited as long as it can supply fluid.
  • the fluid supply means 82 may be provided as ancillary equipment dedicated to the gas treatment apparatus 1D, but it is preferable to use treatment means in other treatment equipment.
  • gas When gas is used as the fluid to be supplied from the fluid supply means 82, for example, gas generated in a treatment process in another treatment facility may be supplied, or a part of the gas used in a treatment process in another treatment facility may be diverted. supply.
  • gas treatment apparatus 1D in this embodiment when the gas treatment apparatus 1D in this embodiment is applied to the methane fermentation treatment system 100 that treats the material to be treated S, it is used as treatment equipment for the treated water W2 in the methane fermentation treatment system 100.
  • part of the aeration gas in the provided aeration tank is supplied from the fluid supply ports 81a and 81b.
  • the gas supply source for the processing means for the object to be processed S and the gas supply source for the cleaning means 8 can be combined, and the processing cost can be reduced.
  • equipment capable of compressing gas (blower, compressor, etc.) may be provided as the fluid supply means 82 to supply the compressed gas.
  • the shearing force on the deposits deposited on the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b is increased, and the cleaning effect can be enhanced.
  • a liquid used as the fluid to be supplied from the fluid supply means 82
  • a part of the liquid used in the treatment process in other treatment equipment may be used for supply.
  • the gas treatment apparatus 1D in this embodiment is applied to the methane fermentation treatment system 100 that treats the material to be treated S
  • part of the treated water W2 in the methane fermentation treatment system 100 is Supply from the supply ports 81a and 81b, and the like.
  • the processing means for the object to be processed S and the liquid supply source for the cleaning means 8 can be used together, and the processing cost can be reduced.
  • equipment capable of compressing the liquid such as a high-pressure pump
  • the fluid supply means 82 may be provided as the fluid supply means 82 to supply the high-pressure liquid.
  • the shearing force against the deposits deposited on the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b can be increased, and the cleaning effect can be enhanced.
  • the gas G to be treated is biogas
  • gas components other than those derived from the biogas are mixed into the gas G1. Therefore, it is preferable to use a liquid as the fluid supplied from the fluid supply means 82 .
  • the moving direction of the fluid is preferably opposite to the moving direction of the electrode reaction components (electron donor and electron acceptor).
  • the electrode reaction components electron donor and electron acceptor
  • the introduction port 22a and the discharge port 22c, the electron acceptor supply port 24a and the electron acceptor discharge port 24b are provided without separately providing the fluid supply ports 81a and 81b shown in FIG. can also be used as the fluid supply ports 81a and 81b, respectively.
  • the fluid supply ports 81a and 81b shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing another aspect of the peeling means 8A of this embodiment.
  • a gas treatment apparatus 1D shown in FIG. 18 is the same as the gas treatment apparatus 1A shown in FIG.
  • the dashed arrows in FIG. 18 indicate the moving direction of the fluid.
  • a pump P1 capable of pressurizing the fluid is provided on the pipe 32a (or pipe 31) of the gas introduction section 3, and the electrode 23a is fed through the introduction port 22a. Cleaning by supplying a high-pressure fluid toward the surface can be mentioned.
  • a pump P2 capable of pressurizing the fluid is provided on the pipe 32b of the gas introduction portion 3, and high-pressure fluid is supplied from the drain port 22c side toward the surface of the electrode 23a.
  • a controller 83 may be provided for switching the driving of the pump P1 on the pipe 31 or the pipe 32a and the pump P2 on the pipe 32b.
  • the high-pressure fluid may be alternately supplied from the pipe 32a (or pipe 31) side and the pipe 32b side. This makes it possible to improve the cleaning effect of the surface of the electrode 23a.
  • a compressed fluid is supplied from the electron acceptor supply port 24a and the electron acceptor discharge port 24b to wash the surface of the electrode 23b.
  • a gas generated from a treatment process in another treatment facility, a fluid used in treatment in another treatment facility, or the like may be compressed by a pump or the like and supplied. This makes it possible to minimize the structure newly provided as the peeling means 8A and reduce the facility cost.
  • the fluid supplied to the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b may be discharged from the drain port 22c and the electron acceptor discharge port 24b after cleaning.
  • a discharge port (not shown) may be provided for discharge.
  • Another aspect of the cleaning means 8 of this embodiment includes a dissolving means 8B for dissolving deposits deposited on the electrode surface. Any means can be used as the dissolving means 8B as long as it can dissolve the deposits. • Electrochemical means for controlling electric current, and the like. By using the dissolving means 8B as the cleaning means 8, it is possible to reduce the number of newly added equipment configurations and reduce the size of the equipment. In addition, particularly when the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b are porous, a high cleaning effect is exhibited for deposits deposited on the surfaces and inside of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic explanatory diagram when using a dissolving means 8B of this embodiment in which a chemical agent is added to the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b are provided with drug addition ports 84a and 84b and a drug addition means 85, respectively. Arrangements may be made such that the chemical is supplied to deposits deposited on the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • the dashed arrow in FIG. 19 indicates the direction of addition of the chemical.
  • the drug addition means 85 is not particularly limited as long as it can add drugs to the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b.
  • the chemical adding means 85 may include a reservoir for storing the chemical, a control unit for determining and adjusting the amount of chemical to be added, and the like.
  • the type of chemical added by the chemical adding means 85 is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve deposits.
  • an acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, or an alkali such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution may be used.
  • chemicals such as pH adjusters used in the treatment process for treating the object S to be treated may be used. As a result, there is no need to prepare new chemicals for the cleaning means 8, making it possible to reduce running costs.
  • the direction of addition of the drug is preferably directed from the top to the bottom of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • adding the drug from above the electrodes 23a and 23b allows the drug to quickly flow into the cells 21a and 21b. spread to As a result, the chemical efficiently spreads over the entire surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b, so that the cleaning effect can be enhanced.
  • the chemical adding means 85 may be connected to the gas introduction part 3 (pipe 31), and the chemical may be supplied to the electrode 23a through the introduction port 22a. This eliminates the need to provide the medicine addition port 84a as a separate body, so that the configuration of the device can be simplified.
  • Another aspect of the dissolving means 8B is to provide a voltage/current control device so as to be connected to the electrodes 23a and 23b to perform electrochemical processing. More specifically, a high voltage is applied between the electrodes 23a and 23b, and a current is passed in the direction opposite to the electrode reaction during power generation. As a result, when the electrodes 23a and 23b are porous, it is possible to effectively dissolve the deposits deposited on the surfaces and inside the pores of the electrodes 23a and 23b. In particular, when the deposit is mainly produced by the electrode reaction, the deposit can be forcibly oxidized (or reduced) by applying a current in the direction opposite to the electrode reaction during power generation. , provides a high cleaning effect.
  • the cleaning means 8 of this embodiment includes a dispersing means 8C for dispersing and separating deposits deposited on the electrode surface.
  • the dispersing means 8C may be any means that can disperse the deposits on the electrode surface and, as a result, separate the deposits from the electrode surfaces. Means for adding a certain chemical, means for vibrating the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b, and the like can be used.
  • the dispersing means 8C as the cleaning means 8
  • the deposits are once dispersed and dispersed from the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b, so that the cleaning can be performed with less load on the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • the electrode 23a and the electrode 23b are porous, a high cleaning effect is exhibited even on deposits deposited in the porous interior.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic explanatory view of the dispersing means 8C of this embodiment in which a chemical agent is added to the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • a first cell 21a and a second cell 21b are provided with drug addition ports 86a and 86b and a drug addition means 87, respectively. Arrangements may be made such that the chemical is supplied to deposits deposited on the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b. Note that the dashed arrow in FIG. 20 indicates the addition direction of the chemical.
  • the drug addition means 87 is not particularly limited as long as it can add drugs to the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b.
  • the medicine adding means 87 may include a reservoir for storing the medicine, a controller for determining and adjusting the amount of medicine to be added, and the like.
  • the type of chemical added by the chemical adding means 87 is not particularly limited as long as it can disperse deposits.
  • the drug include surfactants, enzymes, and the like.
  • the chemicals used at this time have little effect on the electrodes 23a and 23b, such as corrosion, and have the effect of not applying an excessive load to the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • the sediment mainly consists of microorganisms
  • the direction of addition of the drug is preferably directed from the top to the bottom of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • adding the drug from above the electrodes 23a and 23b allows the drug to quickly flow into the cells 21a and 21b. spread to As a result, the chemical efficiently spreads over the entire surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b, so that the cleaning effect can be enhanced.
  • the drug addition means 87 may be connected to the gas introduction part 3 (pipe 31) to supply the drug to the electrode 23a through the introduction port 22a. This eliminates the need to provide the medicine addition port 86a as a separate body, so that the configuration of the device can be simplified.
  • Another aspect of the dispersing means 8C is to apply vibration to the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • an ultrasonic generator may be arranged so as to irradiate the electrodes 23a and 23b with ultrasonic waves. This makes it possible to subdivide and disperse the deposits deposited on the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b and separate them from the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • the sediment is an aggregate of microorganisms, or when the product of the electrode reaction is in the form of a mass, it can be subdivided once by ultrasonic waves. Deposits can be easily peeled off without applying a load.
  • a surrounding environment changing means 8D for changing the surrounding environment of the electrode surface.
  • the surrounding environment changing means 8D may be any means as long as it changes the surrounding environment of the electrode surface. Means for supplying an additive that causes the deposit to be damaged, means for giving a certain amount of damage to the deposit, and the like.
  • a specific example of the surrounding environment changing means 8D is to supply an additive that changes physical properties in the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b.
  • 21A and 21B are schematic explanatory diagrams when a device that supplies an additive to the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b is used as the surrounding environment changing means 8D of this embodiment.
  • additive supply ports 88a and 88b and an additive supply means are provided in the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b, respectively. 89 to change the surface of electrodes 23a and 23b and the surrounding environment of the deposited deposit.
  • the dashed arrow in FIG. 21 indicates the adding direction of the additive.
  • the additive supply means 89 is not particularly limited as long as it can supply the additive to the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b.
  • the additive supply means 89 may include a reservoir for storing the additive, a controller for determining and adjusting the supply amount of the additive, and the like.
  • the type of additive supplied by the additive supply means 89 is not particularly limited as long as it can change the physical properties in the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b.
  • the additive include salts such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride, and ion-free materials such as electrolyzed water.
  • the additive supply ports 88a and 88b and the additive supply means 89 are provided as the surrounding environment changing means 8D, as shown in FIG. It is preferable to In particular, when liquid is stored in the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b, by supplying the additive from above the electrode 23a and the electrode 23b, the surface of the electrode 23a and the electrode 23b Additives spread along the This makes it possible to effectively change the physical properties around the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b, thereby enhancing the cleaning effect.
  • Another aspect of the surrounding environment changing means 8D is to give a certain amount of damage to deposits. More specifically, when the deposits on the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b are microorganisms, the methods include supplying chlorine or ozone to the microorganisms, irradiating ultraviolet rays, and the like. As a result, a certain amount of damage can be given to deposits (microorganisms) deposited on the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b. At this time, the microorganisms cannot withstand the environmental change of being damaged, and can be urged to spontaneously move from the surfaces of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • the cleaning means 8 in the gas treatment apparatus 1D of the present embodiment is not limited to those that perform the peeling means 8A, the dissolving means 8B, the dispersing means 8C, and the surrounding environment changing means 8D, respectively.
  • a plurality of 8A to 8D may be combined.
  • the means 8B to 8D of the cleaning means 8 with regard to the configuration in which chemicals/additives are added to the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b, it is only necessary to change the added chemicals/additives. , can implement the respective means 8B-8D. Therefore, the means 8B to 8D can be easily switched according to the type of deposit, and effective cleaning can be performed.
  • the cleaning means for cleaning deposits deposited on the electrode surface is provided as the contact efficiency improving means, thereby suppressing a decrease in the efficiency of the electrode reaction, It is possible to improve the efficiency of power generation and desulfurization.
  • gas treatment apparatus 1D of this embodiment power generation and desulfurization can be performed by the same steps as in the first embodiment.
  • the gas treatment device 1D in this embodiment can be applied as the gas treatment section 310 in the methane fermentation treatment system 100 in the invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing a gas treatment apparatus according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic explanatory view showing another aspect of the gas treatment apparatus in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the gas treatment apparatus 1E according to the fifth embodiment is the gas treatment apparatus 1A according to the first embodiment, in which exhaust gas supply means 9 is used as means for suppressing the pH increase on the cathode side. is provided.
  • 22 and 23 show a gas treatment apparatus 1E provided with an exhaust gas supply means 9 in contrast to the gas treatment apparatus 1A shown in FIG. Also, the description of the same configuration as that of the first embodiment will be omitted.
  • reaction R4 based on Equation 3 proceeds as hydrogen ions (H+) migrate to the cathode side due to reaction R3.
  • the electrode reaction proceeds before sufficient hydrogen ions in the reaction based on the formula 3 are supplied to the electrode 23b on the cathode side.
  • a reaction to generate hydroxide ions (OH-) proceeds instead of a reaction to generate water (H2O) based on Equation 3, and pH rises at the electrode 23b (cathode side). This causes a problem that the electrode reaction efficiency is lowered.
  • Means for suppressing the pH increase include, for example, adding an acidic component.
  • a means for suppressing the pH increase in addition to newly installing a means for adding an acidic component as a chemical, a more preferable example is a configuration that can utilize the waste discharged from an existing device or the like. be done. This enables cost reduction and energy saving of the gas treatment apparatus 1E.
  • means for suppressing the increase in pH by utilizing emissions discharged from existing equipment for example, exhaust gas generated in various combustion devices is supplied to the gas treatment equipment 1E.
  • Exhaust gas generated by combustion equipment contains carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur oxides (SOX), nitrogen oxides (NOX), etc. It is known that these exhaust gas components exhibit acidity when dissolved in an aqueous solution. It is Therefore, by utilizing the exhaust gas generated in the combustion device, it is possible to suppress the increase in pH in the reaction section 2 .
  • the exhaust gas supply means 9 supplies the exhaust gas generated in the combustion device to the reaction section 2 to suppress the increase in pH, thereby suppressing the decrease in the electrode reaction efficiency.
  • the exhaust gas supply means 9 is not particularly limited as long as it can supply the exhaust gas generated in the combustion device to the reaction section 2 .
  • As the exhaust gas supply means 9 in this embodiment it is particularly preferable to supply the exhaust gas into the second cell 21b in which the electrode 23b on the cathode side is arranged.
  • Examples of such exhaust gas supply means 9 include those provided with a structure for directly supplying the exhaust gas to the second cell 21b, those provided with a structure for supplying the exhaust gas together with the electron acceptor, and the like.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic explanatory diagram when a mechanism for supplying exhaust gas to the second cell 21b is directly provided as the exhaust gas supply means 9 of this embodiment.
  • an exhaust gas supply port 91 is provided in the second cell 21b.
  • the dashed arrow in FIG. 22 indicates the inflow direction of the exhaust gas.
  • an exhaust gas supply port 91 is provided in the upper part of the second cell 21b to supply the exhaust gas, but it is not limited to this.
  • an exhaust gas supply port 91 is provided in the lower part of the second cell 21b, and the exhaust gas is supplied so as to rise from the bottom to the top in the second cell 21b. and so on.
  • the exhaust gas supply port 91 and the pipe 92 can use a known configuration related to gas supply and transfer, and the specific structure is not particularly limited. Further, the pipe 92 may be for transferring the exhaust gas generated in the combustion device, and may be directly connected to the combustion device or may be indirectly connected to the combustion device.
  • the exhaust gas supply means 9 is not limited to one in which an exhaust gas supply port 91 and a pipe 92 are provided for the reaction section 2, as shown in FIG.
  • a piping 92 may be connected to a storage location of the electron acceptor or a line for supplying the electron acceptor, and the exhaust gas may be supplied from the electron acceptor supply port 24a to the electrode 23b. . This eliminates the need to provide the exhaust gas supply port 91 as a separate body, so that the device configuration can be simplified.
  • the structure of the combustion device itself connected to the exhaust gas supply means 9, the object to be burned by the combustion device, etc. are not particularly limited.
  • the combustion device a known configuration capable of burning substances can be used.
  • the combustion device may be newly installed for the gas treatment device in this embodiment, or an existing combustion device may be used in consideration of cost.
  • combustion equipment in waste incineration facilities there are combustion equipment in power generation facilities that burn gas such as biogas.
  • the substance to be burned in the combustion apparatus contains at least one or more of carbon component, sulfur component, and nitrogen component. Any specific substance is not particularly limited as long as it generates an exhaust gas containing the components shown.
  • the combustion device there is a device that burns the emissions generated during the treatment process in the treatment system to which the gas treatment device 1E is applied. More specifically, there is a method in which emissions generated during the treatment process in the methane fermentation treatment system 100 to which the gas treatment device 1E is applied are combusted. As a result, in addition to performing the electrode reaction in a series of processing steps in the processing system, it is also possible to perform a step related to suppressing a decrease in electrode reaction efficiency. As a result, the gas treatment apparatus 1E and the treatment system can improve the energy recovery/utilization efficiency and reduce the cost.
  • combustion device examples include, for example, one that burns gas (biogas) generated by anaerobic treatment in the anaerobic treatment unit 200 in the methane fermentation treatment system 100, and an anaerobic treatment unit 200 and solid-liquid separation.
  • gas biogas
  • anaerobic treatment unit 200 and solid-liquid separation One that incinerates the solid matter (sludge) discharged from the unit 460 can be used.
  • the gas treatment apparatus of the present invention does not require a new combustion apparatus, making it possible to greatly reduce the initial cost.
  • the exhaust gas supply means 9 of this embodiment may be provided with a mechanism for adjusting the temperature of the exhaust gas. It is known that the temperature of the exhaust gases produced in combustion devices can exceed 100 degrees.
  • the reaction section 2 of the gas treatment apparatus 1E in this embodiment carries out an electrochemical reaction by means of electrodes placed in an aqueous solution. Evaporation (vaporization) of the electrolyte solution in the reaction unit 2 may cause problems due to heat, such as a decrease in electrode reaction efficiency. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the temperature of the exhaust gas and supply it to the reaction section 2 .
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic explanatory diagram when a mechanism for adjusting the temperature of the exhaust gas is provided as the exhaust gas supply means 9 in this embodiment.
  • a temperature adjusting mechanism 93 is provided on a pipe 92 to adjust the temperature of the exhaust gas. More specifically, the temperature adjustment mechanism 93 may be used to cool the temperature of the exhaust gas to 100 degrees or less. This makes it possible to suppress the occurrence of problems due to heat when the exhaust gas is supplied into the reaction section 2 (second cell 21b).
  • any mechanism that can adjust the temperature of the gas can be used, and a known configuration can be used.
  • An example of the temperature adjustment mechanism 93 is a heat exchanger using a gas such as air or a liquid such as cooling water.
  • the treatment equipment such as the anaerobic treatment unit 200 in the methane fermentation treatment system 100 of the present invention can be heated using the exhaust gas. placement.
  • exhaust gas that has been cooled after being subjected to heating treatment in processing equipment other than the gas treatment apparatus 1E, such as the anaerobic treatment unit 200, is supplied to the reaction unit 2 via the pipe 92, thereby suppressing a decrease in electrode reaction efficiency.
  • the exhaust gas supply means for supplying the exhaust gas generated in the combustion device to the reaction section, it is possible to suppress the pH increase on the cathode side in the electrode reaction. As a result, it is possible to suppress the decrease in the efficiency of the electrode reaction and improve the efficiency of power generation and desulfurization treatment.
  • gas treatment apparatus 1E of this embodiment power generation and desulfurization can be performed by the same steps as in the first embodiment.
  • the gas treatment device 1E in this embodiment can be applied as the gas treatment section 310 in the methane fermentation treatment system 100 in the invention.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing a gas treatment apparatus according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 25 and 26 are schematic explanatory diagrams showing another mode of the gas treatment apparatus according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the gas treatment apparatus 1F according to the sixth embodiment removes the gas contained in the electrodes 21a and 21b of the reaction section 2 in the gas treatment apparatus 1A according to the first embodiment.
  • a degassing means 10 is provided.
  • 24 to 26 show a gas treatment apparatus 1F provided with a degassing means 10 in addition to the gas treatment apparatus 1A shown in FIG. Also, the description of the same configuration as that of the first embodiment will be omitted.
  • the electrode 23a in this embodiment uses hydrogen sulfide in the gas G as an electron donor and directly collects electrons. Therefore, by improving the contact efficiency between the electrode 23a and hydrogen sulfide, the reaction efficiency as an electron donor (the electron collection speed in the electrode 23a) is improved, and the power generation efficiency and the desulfurization treatment efficiency can be improved. Similarly, in the electrode 23b, by improving the contact efficiency between the electrode 23b and the electron acceptor, it is possible to improve the power generation efficiency and the desulfurization treatment efficiency.
  • the electrodes 23a and 23b when a porous body with a large specific surface area is used as the electrodes 23a and 23b in view of the power generation efficiency and the desulfurization efficiency, there will be spaces inside the electrodes for gas to enter. Therefore, when the electrodes 23a and 23b made of a porous material are placed as they are in cells (first cell 21a and second cell 21b) that store a medium (liquid), air bubbles exist in the electrodes 23a and 23b, and the electrodes 23a and 23b The contact area between the surfaces of 23a and 23b and the electrode reaction component such as hydrogen sulfide dissolved in the aqueous solution is reduced. At this time, there arises a problem that the electrode reaction efficiency by the electron donor and the electron acceptor is lowered in the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • the degassing means 10 removes the gas contained in the electrode 23a and the electrode 23b in the reaction section 2 to suppress the deterioration of the electrode reaction efficiency.
  • the degassing means 10 is not particularly limited as long as it can remove the gas contained in the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • degassing may be performed while the electrodes 23a and 23b are installed in the reaction section 2, or before installation in the reaction section 2 or after removal from the reaction section 2. , degassing the electrodes 23 a and 23 b outside the reaction section 2 .
  • the electrodes 23a and 23b in the reaction section 2 are degassed, the electrodes 23a and 23b can be transported and installed as usual, and the degassing step can be easily performed between the reaction steps. Therefore, it is possible to easily set the timing and the like of operations related to the deaeration process.
  • the electrodes 23a and 23b are degassed outside the reaction section 2, a plurality of electrodes can be treated collectively without adding degassing equipment to the reaction section 2, thus reducing work costs. can be made Therefore, the degassing means 10 may be performed either inside the reaction section 2 or outside the reaction section 2, and can be appropriately selected in view of the degassing effect, work efficiency, and the like.
  • the degassing means 10 of this embodiment one having a drug adding means 10A for adding a drug to the electrode can be mentioned.
  • the chemical addition means 10A any means can be used as long as it can remove gas contained in the electrodes by adding the chemical.
  • a chemical agent is added in the part 2 .
  • the electrode can be degassed by a relatively simple means of adding a drug. In this case, it is possible to suppress an increase in the size of incidental equipment related to deaeration of the electrodes, and to reduce the initial cost.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic explanatory view when providing a mechanism for adding a drug to the electrodes 23a and 23b in the reaction section 2 as the drug adding means 10A of this embodiment.
  • drug addition means 10A drug supply ports 101a and 101b and drug supply means 102 are provided in the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b, respectively. Arrangement to touch is mentioned. Note that the dashed arrow in FIG. 24 indicates the inflow direction of the medicine.
  • the drug supplying means 102 is not particularly limited as long as it can add a drug.
  • the medicine supplying means 102 may include a storage section for storing the medicine, a control part for determining and adjusting the amount of medicine to be added, and the like.
  • the medicine to be supplied from the medicine supplying means 102 includes a medicine that replaces the gas in the electrodes 23a and 23b and pushes the gas out of the electrodes 23a and 23b, a medicine that dissolves the gas in the electrodes 23a and 23b, and a medicine that dissolves the gas in the electrodes 23a and 23b. and the like. More specifically, substances known as antifoaming agents, as well as organic solvents such as alcohols, can be used. Thereby, the gas contained in the electrodes 23a and 23b arranged in the reaction section 2 can be removed.
  • the chemical addition means 10A is not limited to the chemical supply ports 101a and 101b and the chemical supply means 102 provided in the reaction section 2, as shown in FIG.
  • the drug supply means 102 may be connected to the gas introduction part 3 (pipe 31) to supply the drug to the electrode 23a through the introduction port 22a. This eliminates the need to provide the drug supply port 101a as a separate body, so that the configuration of the device can be simplified.
  • a facility for adding a drug to the electrodes 23a and 23b is provided outside the reaction section 2, degassing is performed all at once, and then the electrodes 23a and 23b are placed in a storage container filled with a storage solution. 23b may be transported and placed in the reaction section 2 .
  • the storage solution may be any liquid that can suppress the gas from flowing into the electrodes 23a and 23b after the degassing treatment.
  • pure water etc. are mentioned.
  • the storage container may contain the electrodes 23a and 23b and the storage solution, and may be a container capable of suppressing gas from flowing again into the electrodes 23a and 23b after the degassing process.
  • Examples thereof include a box body and a bag body made of a material having neither air permeability nor water permeability.
  • Specific examples of such storage containers include bags made of plastic films or metal thin films, and boxes made of plastic plates or metal plates.
  • the chemical addition means 10A is configured to perform a degassing process using the chemical outside the reaction section 2, the chemical is not directly introduced into the reaction section 2. There is also an effect that there is little environmental change, and the influence on the electrode reaction can be suppressed.
  • degassing means 10 of this embodiment includes an electrical processing means 10B for applying a voltage to the electrodes.
  • the electric processing means 10B any means can be used as long as it can apply a voltage to the electrodes in a state of being immersed in the solution. or to provide equipment having an electrochemical device for controlling the voltage/current applied between the electrodes 23a and 23b outside the reaction section 2.
  • the electrical processing means 10B in the reaction section 2 as the degassing means 10 the number of newly added device configurations is small, and the size of the equipment can be reduced.
  • 25A and 25B are schematic explanatory diagrams when a device that applies a voltage between the electrodes 23a and 23b in the reaction section 2 is used as the electrical processing means 10B of this embodiment.
  • a voltage/current control device 103 is provided so as to be connected to the electrodes 23a and 23b to perform electrochemical processing. More specifically, voltage is applied such that an electrode reaction in which gas is generated from the electrodes 23a and 23b proceeds. As a result, the gas contained in the electrodes 23a and 23b is pushed out of the electrodes 23a and 23b by the gas generated by the electrode reaction, so that the electrodes can be degassed.
  • Electrolysis of the aqueous solution (water) stored in the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b is exemplified as an electrode reaction that generates gas at this time. Hydrogen and oxygen are generated by electrolysis of water in the reaction section 2, and the gases contained in the electrodes 23a and 23b are discharged outside the electrodes 23a and 23b, thereby degassing the electrodes. As a result, it is almost unnecessary to add new equipment as the degassing means 10, so that the equipment cost can be greatly reduced.
  • decompression means 10C for decompressing the electrodes.
  • the decompression means 10C at least the electrodes can be decompressed, and as a result, the gas contained in the electrodes can be removed.
  • a means for decompressing the inside of the cell (the first cell 21a and/or the second cell 21b) in a state, or maintaining the decompressed state after decompressing the electrode 23a and the electrode 23b outside the reaction section 2 Means of storing in a storage container as it is may be mentioned.
  • the pressure reducing means 10C as the degassing means 10
  • the electrodes can be degassed without changing the environmental conditions (pH, concentration of various compounds, etc.) in the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b. .
  • FIG. 26 shows an outline of the decompression means 10C of this embodiment, which decompresses the insides of the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b with the electrodes 23a and 23b arranged in the reaction section 2. It is an explanatory diagram. As shown in FIG. 26, as the decompression means 10C, flow control valves 104a to 104d and a decompression device 105 are provided. Based on FIG. 26, an example of the decompression means 10C of this embodiment will be described. The decompression means 10C shown in FIG. 26 is provided with flow control valves 104a and 104b on the pipe 31 for introducing the gas G into the first cell 21a and the pipe 26 for discharging the gas G1.
  • flow control valves 104c and 104d are provided on pipes 106 and 107 connected to the electron acceptor supply port 24a and the electron acceptor discharge port 24b for introducing and discharging the electron acceptor.
  • the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b are separated from other equipment (anaerobic treatment unit 200, wastewater treatment unit 400, etc.) other than the gas treatment apparatus 1F by opening and closing the flow control valves 104a to 104d.
  • the pressure reducing means 10C shown in FIG. 26 is provided with a pressure reducing device 105 so as to be connected to the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b.
  • the decompression device 105 by driving the decompression device 105, the interiors of the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b, which are the partitioned spaces, are decompressed. At this time, the gas contained in the electrodes 23a and 23b is released to the outside of the electrodes 23a and 23b, so that the electrodes can be degassed.
  • the decompression device 105 is not particularly limited as long as it can reduce the pressure in the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b.
  • the pressure reducing device 105 may include what is known as a pressure reducing pump.
  • the decompression means 10C is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG.
  • the decompression means 10C may be provided only on the first cell side.
  • flow control valves 104a and 104b and a decompression device 105 connected only to the first cell 21a can be provided.
  • only the side of the electrode 23a which is in contact with hydrogen sulfide and needs to be gas-removed can be subjected to the degassing treatment, and the entire gas treatment apparatus 1F can be simplified.
  • the electrodes 23a and 23b and the ion exchanger 25 are degassed due to the pressure difference between the cells. damage may occur. Therefore, when the pressure reducing means 10C is used as the degassing means 10, as shown in FIG. It is more preferable to reduce the pressure in the partitioned space. This makes it possible to stably perform the degassing treatment of the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • new piping may be provided, or existing piping may be utilized.
  • existing piping it is possible to simplify the device configuration.
  • the degassing means 10 in the gas treatment apparatus 1F of the present embodiment is not limited to the above-described chemical adding means 10A, the electrical processing means 10B, and the depressurizing means 10C, respectively.
  • a plurality of 10C may be combined. As a result, it becomes possible to select and implement a suitable degassing means 10 according to the shape and arrangement of the electrodes 23a and 23b, and a higher degassing effect can be obtained.
  • the degassing means 10 is preferably selected from the chemical adding means 10A or the degassing means 10 (means 10A to 10C) performed outside the reaction section 2 .
  • each degassing means 10 (means 10A to 10C) may be performed only once before or after installing the electrodes in the reaction section 2, or may be repeated multiple times.
  • the degassing efficiency can be improved by repeatedly performing the degassing means 10, the number of times of implementation is appropriately set in consideration of the costs (chemical costs, power costs, etc.) related to driving the degassing means 10. be able to.
  • the timing of performing the degassing means 10 includes, for example, the timing of using a new electrode, such as when replacing the electrode, and the timing after maintenance (washing, etc.) of the electrode.
  • the degassing means for removing the gas contained inside the electrodes by providing the degassing means for removing the gas contained inside the electrodes, the problem that the specific surface area inside the electrodes decreases can be solved. As a result, it is possible to suppress the decrease in the efficiency of the electrode reaction and improve the efficiency of power generation and desulfurization treatment.
  • the gas treatment apparatus 1F of this embodiment it is possible to perform power generation and desulfurization treatment in the same steps as in the first embodiment. Furthermore, the gas treatment device 1F in this embodiment can be applied as the gas treatment section 310 in the methane fermentation treatment system 100 in the invention.
  • the above-described embodiment shows an example of a gas treatment device, a gas treatment method, and a methane fermentation treatment system.
  • the gas treatment apparatus, gas treatment method, and methane fermentation treatment system according to the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the gas treatment apparatuses according to the above-described embodiments are provided without changing the gist of the claims. , the gas processing method and the methane fermentation processing system may be modified.
  • the gas treatment apparatus of this embodiment selects one or more of the above-described contact efficiency improving means (moving speed control means, concentration control means, cleaning means), exhaust gas supply means, and degassing means, and a plurality of It is good also as what is provided combining composition. This makes it possible to enhance the effect of improving the efficiency of the electrode reaction.
  • the gas treatment apparatus in this embodiment may be provided with means for preventing adhesion and deposition of microorganisms on the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • means for preventing adhesion and deposition of microorganisms on the electrodes 23a and 23b include coating the surface of the electrode with a material that prevents adhesion of microorganisms, and making the structure of the electrode itself a shape that makes it difficult for microorganisms to adhere. be done. As a result, even when microorganisms flow into the first cell 21a and the second cell 21b of the reaction section 2, it is possible to suppress the microorganisms from inhibiting the electrode reaction at the electrodes 23a and 23b.
  • the gas treatment apparatus in this embodiment may be configured by omitting a part of the structure to further simplify the apparatus configuration.
  • Optional structures include, for example, the ion exchanger 25 . This enables simplification of the reaction section 2 and facilitates maintenance work.
  • Another example of an omissible structure is the electron acceptor supply port 24a and the electron acceptor outlet 24b in the second cell 21b. This makes it possible to further simplify the reaction section 2 .
  • one surface of the electrode 23b is in contact with the aqueous solution or the ion exchanger 25 in the first cell 21a, and the other surface is entirely in direct contact with the outside air (air).
  • the structure of the gas treatment apparatus in this embodiment is used in the same manner as the gas treatment section, and reducing substances (including hydrogen sulfide) can proceed the electrode reaction.
  • the structure of the gas processing section and the structure of the waste water processing section may be the same or different.
  • the processing conditions (processing environment) for each electrode reaction are optimal.
  • the structures of the gas processing section and the waste water processing section can be appropriately selected so that As a result, it is possible to reduce the running cost and improve the processing capacity of the entire methane fermentation treatment system.
  • the gas treatment apparatus and gas treatment method of the present invention are used to treat gas containing hydrogen sulfide.
  • it is suitably used in gas treatment when hydrogen sulfide is contained in biogas generated by methane fermentation.
  • the methane fermentation treatment system of the present invention is used for methane fermentation treatment of objects to be treated.
  • the biogas generated during the anaerobic treatment of the material to be treated contains hydrogen sulfide
  • the waste water after the anaerobic treatment contains reducing substances.

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