WO2023072327A1

WO2023072327A1 - System and method for resilient support of buildings or building parts

Info

Publication number: WO2023072327A1
Application number: PCT/DE2022/000106
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nicolai Kubasiak
Original assignee: Nicolai Kubasiak
Priority date: 2021-10-29
Filing date: 2022-10-27
Publication date: 2023-05-04

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and a method for resilient support or vibration-damping of buildings, and addresses the problem of specifying a solution by means of which a simple and inexpensive solution is provided for a resilient support or a structure of a damper system for reducing vibrations in a building (11), and by means of which both a high effective surface pressure and a low resonance frequency for a resilient support are achieved. This aim is achieved by an arrangement whereby the supporting means is an elastomer piston-cylinder system (1) having a compressible liquid elastomer (5) and at least one elastomer piston-cylinder system (1) is arranged between the building (11) or building part and the substrate (12) such that at least one elastomer piston-cylinder system (1) absorbs a weight force of the building (11), of the building part or of a damper weight (14).

Description

System and method for the elastic support of buildings or parts of buildings

The invention relates to a system for the elastic mounting of buildings or parts of buildings, which comprises a building or part of a building, a mounting means and a substructure.

The invention also relates to a method for the elastic mounting of buildings or parts of buildings, in which a mounting means is provided between a building or part of a building and a subsoil.

In particular, the present invention relates to the use of a system or bearing means whose mode of action is based on the compressibility of a liquid compressible medium, such as a compressible liquid elastomer or silicone oil, which is referred to below as an elastomer-piston-cylinder system.

A bearing or bearing means is understood to mean a component which is arranged between a building or a part of a building and a subsoil in order to transmit mechanical forces. The subsoil can be a building or a part of a building, a foundation of a building or a technical installation on which a building or a part of a building is arranged.

For example, a bearing means can be arranged between different storeys or storeys of a building and elastically store individual areas of a storey or the entire storey by means of a plurality of bearing means.

A further possibility is that one or more bearing means are arranged between a technical system and a structure or part of a structure, the technical system being a metal construction, for example, which has the task of leveling out uneven terrain. Alternatively, the technical system can enable the structure or part of a structure to be erected over a body of water or a river or in a floodplain. For example, a building, a bridge, a railway line, a wind turbine or the like is considered a structure. A structural part is a part of a building such as a room or a floor, a part of a bridge, such as a bridge pillar, a part of a railway line, a part of a wind turbine or the like.

The term elastic mounting of a building or part of a building means that the mechanical connection through the mount or the mounting means is deliberately designed to be elastic and possibly also mechanically damping. One reason for the elastic mounting is the technical use of structural dynamic effects, such as vibration isolation or vibration damping. A bearing can be used to reduce vibrations in buildings or parts of buildings.

Compressible media such as elastomers are known from the prior art as dimensionally stable but elastically deformable plastics. These plastics can deform elastically under tensile and compressive loads. When the forces causing the deformation are removed, these plastics return to their original shape.

In addition to solid elastomers, which are used, for example, as a material for tires, rubber bands, sealing rings and much more, liquid elastomers are also known. For example, dimethylpolysiloxanes can be used as materials for a liquid elastomer.

It is also known to use such liquid elastomers in a system similar to the bearing means as so-called liquid springs in chain tensioning systems, for example, in order to tension chains of caterpillar vehicles and the like.

In general, such a liquid spring has a cylindrical housing open on one side, a piston arranged in this housing with a piston collar, a guide bush guiding the piston and appropriate fastening and sealing means to ensure the cohesion and tight closure of the liquid spring. The liquid spring is designed both as a pressure liquid spring and as a tension liquid spring. In the literature, for example, aircraft construction and mechanical engineering are mentioned as areas of application.

It is also known that elastic elements, which are often made of solid materials such as polyurethane, rubber or steel, such as helical springs or disc springs, are used for elastic mounting or for the construction of so-called vibration absorber systems for buildings or machines. Suppliers of such elastic bearings include the companies VICODA GmbH, GetznerWerke GmbH, Schulz Baubedarf GmbH and others.

A disadvantage of such damping means such as elastic elements is often the limited effective surface pressure p, which occurs with larger loads, such as a building or the pillars of buildings or bridge piers. This leads, for example, to compromises such as the constructive increase in the horizontal storage area with the disadvantage of the additional space required for storage. An example of this are elements with the designation Sylodyn from Getzner starting materials GmbH.

The quotient is used as the effective surface pressure

understood from the vertically absorbable nominal force F of the bearing and the horizontal space requirement A of a bearing element or bearing means.

The elastic support of a building or part of a building creates an oscillating system. This system exhibits a resonant frequency / _g , which is also known as the bearing frequency and is clear from the context

between the object mass m and the stiffness k. The object mass could, for example, be the weight of a part of the building to be supported and the rigidity essentially results from the spring rigidity of the bearings used.

A further disadvantage of the prior art is the comparatively low level of resilience that can be achieved by the elastic elements. This applies in particular to high effective surface pressures of, for example, 10 N/mm ² and more. This results in a comparatively high resonant frequency f _g , which can be detrimental to the desired vibration reduction in the case of vibration isolation. In principle, a lower resonance frequency f _g leads to more effective vibration isolation. Depending on the application, a very soft spring stiffness of, for example, 3000 N/mm is advantageous or even necessary, which is difficult to achieve with the known elastic elements.

The often low or practically non-existent mechanical damping of known elastic elements represents a further disadvantage, depending on the application. Additional measures often have to be implemented in order to increase the mechanical damping, for example in order to sufficiently dampen any resonance peaks that occur. For example, steel springs are combined with solid elastomers or additional hydraulic dampers. An example of a combination of steel springs with solid elastomers is a product with the designation DSD-BL from Getzner starting materials. An example of the use of additional hydraulic dampers is a product from G+H Isolation GmbH with the designation FU 2-40-W-Vi.

In the event that the lowest possible resonance frequencies are required for vibration isolation, steel springs are usually used due to their comparatively high level of flexibility. This high resilience leads to a considerable deflection travel of a steel spring until the so-called working force of the steel spring is reached, at which a vibration reduction or vibration decoupling is achieved under the given load conditions.

In order to avoid this process of spring deflection until the working force is reached, the steel springs or the like are often prestressed, which is also a disadvantage, since additional measures such as screw connections are required for this or the like must be provided before they are used in a so-called uninstalled warehouse.

Especially with steel springs, aging, fatigue and settling effects can occur, which are disadvantageous and counteract the desire for the spring properties to remain practically unchanged for decades.

Lateral displacements, which can only be absorbed to a limited extent, can pose a problem, particularly when using polyurethane or rubber as damping means. Above all, significant lateral displacements can occur as a result of shrinkage processes in the concrete. Shrinkage is a change in volume of the concrete that occurs, for example, as a result of hardening and drying out. The time lag in the production of the substructure and the superstructure (e.g. subsoil or structure) leads, for example, to differences in the shrinkage process of the respective concrete part. The resulting lateral displacements often have to be absorbed over time by the bearings supporting the structure. In addition, lateral displacements can also occur, for example, as a result of thermal expansion processes.

A further disadvantage is that non-destructive replacement is problematic, particularly in the case of the solids used, since the building or a part of the building is often installed directly on the solid used as a storage medium.

In addition, it is usually not possible to readjust a bearing means in the installed state, for example to compensate for height differences that have occurred or to set an operating point of the bearing means that deviates from the design.

The values for an effective surface pressure achieved in the prior art are usually in the range from 0.5 N/mm ² to 2.5 N/mm ² . The resonance frequencies are usually in a range between 1.3 Hz and 11.5 Hz. From CN 2 11 597 369 U an earthquake-proof pillar for ancient buildings is known. The task to be solved is to provide pillars for ancient buildings, which support the buildings and which make the buildings resistant to earthquake tremors.

To solve this problem, it is provided that a central stone column is arranged in a cylindrical housing. The central stone pillar has a second concave spherical surface on its underside by which it is seated on a second convex spherical surface of a sliding member. The sliding element is mounted with its underside designed as a third convex spherical surface on a sliding disc with a top designed as a third concave spherical surface. The cylindrical housing has a bottom formed as a first concave surface on the inside, on which the sliding disk rests with its underside formed as a first convex spherical surface. The resulting overall construction makes it possible for the central stone column to move or shift within the cylindrical recess within limits.

Furthermore, it is provided that several springs are arranged horizontally between the central stone pillar and the side wall of the cylindrical housing, along the circumference of the central stone pillar. Also along the perimeter of the central stone pillar are a plurality of horizontally oriented dampening devices located between the central stone pillar and the side wall of the cylindrical housing. By means of these springs and damping devices, the central stone column is centered and movably mounted in the cylindrical housing. A vertical vibration decoupling of a structure from a subsoil is not possible with the proposed solution of CN 2 11 597 369 U.

Based on this prior art, there is a need for an improved system for the elastic mounting of buildings or parts of buildings and an improved method for the elastic mounting of buildings or parts of buildings. The object of the invention is now to specify a system and a method for the elastic mounting of buildings or parts of buildings, with which a simple and inexpensive solution for an elastic mounting is provided and with which both a high effective surface pressure and a low spring stiffness are achieved and thus low resonant frequencies can be realized for an elastic bearing.

A further object is to provide an absorber system for reducing vibrations in a structure.

The object is solved by a system having the features according to patent claim 1 of the independent patent claims. Further developments are specified in the dependent patent claims.

The object is also achieved by a method with the features according to patent claim 12 of the independent patent claims. Further developments are specified in the dependent patent claims.

It is intended that as an alternative to known elastic mountings, a mounting means according to the invention, a new type of spring element with a liquid compressible medium such as a liquid or a compressible liquid elastomer for the elastic mounting of buildings or parts of buildings, is used. Furthermore, it is envisaged that absorber systems with the novel bearing means will be installed on buildings or parts of buildings for the purpose of reducing vibration. Such a new type of bearing means is also referred to below as an elastomer-piston-cylinder system, which works with a liquid, compressible medium such as a liquid elastomer.

The basic idea behind the process is to use a liquid, highly compressible medium such as a liquid in an elastomer-piston-cylinder system for the elastic mounting of buildings or parts of buildings. As an example of such a liquid compressible medium, only a compressible liquid elastomer is described below, without the invention being restricted to the use of a compressible liquid elastomer. It is provided here that at least one or more of these elastomer piston-cylinder systems are arranged between a structure such as a building and a subsoil under the structure. Such an arrangement of several elastomer-piston-cylinder systems can take place, for example, in the form of a matrix, with several elastomer-piston-cylinder systems being arranged in each row of the matrix and with the matrix having several of these rows. Here, an elastomer-piston-cylinder system or several elastomer-piston-cylinder systems are arranged between the building and the subsoil in such a way that the elastomer-piston-cylinder system or the elastomer-piston-cylinder systems carry the weight of the building and the elastic mounting of the Structure takes place in the direction of a weight of the structure. In one embodiment, it is provided that the elastomer-piston-cylinder system or several elastomer-piston-cylinder systems are arranged in a vertical installation position, which corresponds to the direction or the effective direction of a weight of the structure. The elastomer-piston-cylinder system or the elastomer-piston-cylinder systems thus counteracts the weight of the structure.

Despite such an installation position of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system or several elastomer-piston-cylinder systems, in the direction of the weight of the structure, there are deviations from the installation position described in the direction of the weight of the structure, or to an inclination of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system or several elastomer-piston-cylinder systems of up to 10 degrees, caused by horizontal displacements between the building or a part of the building and the subsoil. However, such a deviation from the installation position, in the direction of the weight of the structure, has only an insignificant effect on the function of the elastic mounting of the structure or part of the structure.

Furthermore, an installation position of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system other than vertical is also possible if the weight of the structure is partially or partially offset from its vertical direction of action with the aid of joints and levers is completely deflected in a different direction. After a corresponding force deflection, the weight of the structure can also act horizontally.

Alternatively, an arrangement of the elastomer-piston-cylinder systems can deviate from the matrix form, for example in the event that the weight distribution of the structure is uneven. In this case, for example, a larger number of the elastomer-piston-cylinder systems can be arranged in areas in which the structure acts with a greater weight force on the elastomer-piston-cylinder systems arranged under the structure and on the subsoil.

It is also provided that an elastomer-piston-cylinder system is arranged between the subsoil and a structural part, such as a load-bearing wall or a pillar. In this realization, too, an elastomer-piston-cylinder system or several elastomer-piston-cylinder systems are arranged to support the weight of the building part and the elastic mounting of the building part takes place in the direction of the weight of the building part. In this embodiment, it is also provided that the elastomer-piston-cylinder system or several elastomer-piston-cylinder systems are arranged in a vertical installation position, which corresponds to the direction of the weight of the structural part. The elastomer-piston-cylinder system or the elastomer-piston-cylinder systems thus counteracts the weight of the structural part.

Furthermore, it is intended to use elastomer-piston-cylinder systems for the construction of vibration absorber systems on buildings or parts of buildings.

The use of highly compressible fluids in an elastomer-piston-cylinder system solves the problem of the highest possible compression with simultaneously low spring stiffness.

According to the invention, horizontal displacements in a bearing that absorbs the weight of a building or part of a building are accommodated in that the elastomer-piston-cylinder system is realized with one or two curved contact surfaces. These contact surfaces are on the Elastomer-piston-cylinder system arranged at one or both ends, which lie in the longitudinal extension of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system. Provision is made for a first curved contact surface to be arranged at a first end of the elastomer piston-cylinder system, for example on a head sleeve, and a second curved contact surface at a second end of the elastomer piston-cylinder system, for example on a base plate .

The bearing of a building, for example, is designed in such a way that a bearing upper part, which is firmly connected to the building, is arranged under the building and a bearing lower part, which is firmly connected to the ground, is arranged above the subsoil. The upper bearing part and the lower bearing part form, for example, two surfaces aligned parallel to one another, between which an elastomer-piston-cylinder system is arranged. Usually, for the elastic mounting of a building, several of these mounts, each comprising an elastomer-piston-cylinder system, an upper mount part and a lower mount part, are formed. The elastomer-piston-cylinder system is aligned in this bearing in a position or installation position, which corresponds to the direction of the weight of the structure. The elastomer-piston-cylinder system counteracts the weight of the structure.

The design of the first curved contact surface on the head sleeve of the elastomer piston-cylinder system and the second curved contact surface on the base plate of the elastomer piston-cylinder system results in a frictional connection of the elastomer piston-cylinder system with the upper bearing part and the lower bearing part.

It is intended that horizontal displacements between the building or a part of the building and the subsoil take place by rolling the elastomer piston-cylinder system over at least one curved contact surface, alternatively over both curved contact surfaces, with the elastomer piston-cylinder system from its Installation position, in the direction of the weight of the structure, moves away or inclines. During this process of inclination of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system, which can also be described as rolling over the curved contact surfaces, the frictional connection remains Connection of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system to the upper part of the bearing and the lower part of the bearing.

In this way, deviations or inclinations of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system from its vertical installation position, in the direction of the weight of the building, of up to 10 degrees can occur, which are tolerated by the system for the elastic mounting of buildings or building parts, without affecting the functionality of the elastic storage is affected.

Thus, the disadvantage of comparatively limited lateral displacement in prior art resilient solids such as rubber or polyurethane is overcome.

With the selection of the radii of curvature of the curved contact surfaces, the force that counteracts the horizontal displacement can be set constructively. A correspondingly larger radius R of the curved contact surfaces generates a greater counterforce, which counteracts a horizontal displacement of the structure relative to the subsoil.

It is provided to select a radius sum consisting of the upper and lower radius of the curved contact surfaces, which is equal to or greater than the length or the longitudinal extension of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system. For example, in the event that the minimum length of an elastomer-piston-cylinder system is 640 mm, the sum of the radius is chosen to be 640 mm, 1000 mm or 1500 mm, for example.

Provision is also made for the opposite bearing parts, ie the upper bearing part and the lower bearing part, to have curved surfaces. The upper bearing part and the lower bearing part are each provided, for example, with a curved, inwardly curved, concave surface facing the elastomer-piston-cylinder system.

In this way, for example, a joint socket can arise on the upper and lower side of the bearing, with an inclined position of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system not being caused by rolling, but by sliding of the curved Surfaces of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system can arise in the curved surfaces of the upper part of the bearing and the lower part of the bearing.

It is also provided that lateral displacements that occur can be solved with other bearings from the prior art that are customary in construction. Examples of this are in V. Wetzk, Brückenlager. 1850 - 1950, dissertation TU Cottbus, 2010, overview 2 and T. Block, Lager im Bauwesen, Berlin, Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn 2013, pp. 207 - 218.

The problem of the comparatively low mechanical damping values of conventional elastic elements is solved by an elastomer-piston-cylinder system. Additional damping elements are not required for this, as is usual in the prior art. The solution is achieved structurally with the elastomer-piston-cylinder system without any significant additional effort, in that a small gap s is provided between an inner cylinder diameter of the compression chamber and the edge of the piston collar. The dimensions of such a small gap s are, for example, in a range between 0.1 mm and 1.0 mm and can in particular be 0.5 mm.

This divides the compression chamber with the compressible liquid elastomer into a first sub-chamber A behind and a second sub-chamber B in front of the piston collar, which is only connected by the small gap s between the inner cylinder diameter of the compression chamber and the piston collar.

If the force acting on the piston changes, the piston moves with the piston collar of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system, causing the volume of the sub-chambers A and B to change in the opposite direction. The expansion or compression of the compressible liquid elastomer in the sub-chambers A and B creates a pressure difference between the first sub-chamber A and the second sub-chamber B. This is followed by a pressure equalization process due to the compressible liquid elastomer flowing through the narrow gap s, with a flow resistance of from sub-chamber A to sub-chamber B or vice versa. This creates a counteracting effect on the piston speed or the piston movement Force component that manifests itself as mechanical damping. The mechanical work done is converted into heat, among other things, in the flow process through the narrow gap s. The mechanical damping can thus be designed structurally without additional components, for example by changing the gap size of the gap s or the gap length, i.e. the length of the piston collar k. This possibility of influencing the mechanical damping through the selection of suitable design parameters such as s and k represents a significant advantage over the known solutions from the prior art Connection of the two sub-chambers A and B, are further influenced. Here, for example, the number and/or the diameter of the holes can be selected as a further design parameter.

It is envisaged that the elastomer-piston-cylinder system as a bearing means for the elastic mounting of a building or part of a building or for the construction of an absorber system for a building or part of a building has a preload which in known systems for the elastic mounting of buildings according to the prior art corresponds to the preload of a spring.

According to the invention, it is provided that the liquid compressible medium, such as a compressible liquid elastomer, is provided with a pressure, the so-called admission pressure, in the compression chamber of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system. This initial pressure of the compressible liquid elastomer is set at the factory, for example, and can be between 100 bar and 2000 bar, preferably between 500 bar and 2000 bar, particularly preferably between 700 bar and 1200 bar. In addition, it is provided that the elastomer-piston-cylinder system according to the invention works reliably with internal pressures of up to 2000 bar and more.

The elastomer-piston-cylinder system thus has a property that is comparable to the preload of steel springs, but which is achieved without any additional design effort. In this way, an undesired high spring deflection, which occurs in solutions of the known prior art without a preload, is also avoided. Provision is also made to achieve non-destructive replacement and adjustment of an elastomer-piston-cylinder system by arranging a valve for draining the liquid compressible medium in the compression chamber, such as a compressible liquid elastomer or silicone oil. By discharging the liquid compressible medium from the compression chamber, the piston can be moved into the compression chamber while overcoming a small resistance, which reduces the dimension of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system in its longitudinal extension and the previously acting force of adjacent elastomer-piston-cylinder systems or other supports. The elastomer-piston-cylinder system can thus be removed from the bearing in which it is arranged, for example, in the direction of the weight of the structure. A new elastomer piston-cylinder system can then be inserted into the bearing. A liquid compressible medium such as a compressible liquid elastomer or silicone oil is then filled into the compression chamber via the valve and a correspondingly necessary working pressure is generated in the compression chamber before the valve is closed. Thus, the non-destructive replacement of an elastomer-piston-cylinder system in a warehouse or a storage location has taken place.

Provision is also made for the elastomer-piston-cylinder system to have a hydraulic chamber with an associated valve system in addition to the compression chamber. Filling the hydraulic chamber with a liquid, compressible medium such as hydraulic oil or grease via the valve system increases the volume of the hydraulic chamber. The hydraulic chamber is arranged in a cylindrical outer cylinder that can be moved over the housing of the compression chamber and is sealed accordingly. Due to the increase in the volume of the hydraulic chamber, the outer cylinder is displaced in relation to the compression chamber of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system, as a result of which the length of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system increases. Conversely, by draining the liquid, compressible medium from the hydraulic chamber via the valve system, the length of the elastomer piston can ben cylinder system can be reduced. This possibility of changing the length of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system in its longitudinal extent also makes it possible to exchange an elastomer-piston-cylinder system at a bearing point.

It is advantageous here that the pre-pressure set in the factory in the compression chamber is not changed and the additional hydraulic fluid such as hydraulic oil or grease has a negligible compressibility compared to the compressible liquid elastomer and the spring characteristic of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system is therefore practically not changed.

Provision is also made for an elastomer-piston-cylinder system to be readjusted in the bearing in the installed state. Thus, for example, a compensation of height differences occurring between the upper bearing part and the lower bearing part can be achieved. This readjustment can take place by changing the volume of the liquid, compressible medium located in the hydraulic chamber.

In the event that the elastomer-piston-cylinder system is designed without an additional hydraulic chamber, readjustment can also be achieved by changing the amount of compressible liquid elastomer and thus the pressure in the compression chamber of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system.

Such a change in the pressure of the compressible liquid elastomer, ie a pressure increase or a pressure reduction, can also change the working pressure for the associated working length of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system.

It is also planned that several elastomer-piston-cylinder systems are combined in one package. In one example, four elastomeric piston-cylinder systems can be placed in a package. To fix the four elastomer-piston-cylinder systems in a package, for example, appropriate brackets and screw connections are provided which fix the elastomer-piston-cylinder systems in the package parallel to one another and, for example, aligned vertically or aligned in the direction of the weight of the structure.

By combining several elastomer-piston-cylinder systems in this way, compact bearings can be built, which means that the alignment of individual bearing elements or elastomer-piston-cylinder systems on a construction site is no longer necessary, thus enabling simple use in the field.

In contrast to the prior art, no aging effects or settling effects are known with regard to the elastomer-piston-cylinder systems used according to the invention.

According to the invention, the values for the elastomer-piston-cylinder system for elastic mounting for the effective surface pressure are in the range from 10 N/mm ² to 20 N/mm ² . According to the invention, very small spring stiffnesses below 1000 N/mm can be achieved as required, whereby resonance frequencies below 0.3 Hz can be achieved in the case of vibration isolation of, for example, buildings or parts of buildings. The resonance frequencies achieved in buildings today are generally between 1 Hz and 5 Hz.

The elastomer-piston-cylinder systems according to the invention have many advantages over conventionally frequently used springs, such as coil springs, which are explained below:

• Less floor space required compared to comparable spring assemblies from the prior art (e.g. only 1/3 of the floor space required).

• A very low spring stiffness such as 1 kN/mm with a simultaneously high spring force such as 451 can be achieved.

• Progressive spring characteristic curve for component protection can be adjusted by selecting suitable parameters such as piston diameter, quantity and type of liquid compressible medium used, for example a compressible liquid elastomer, and set admission pressure and can therefore be adapted to the specific application. • In addition to the spring effect, a mechanical damping effect can be integrated without major additional technical effort, which must be implemented separately for coil springs, for example.

• There are no fatigue or settling effects such as are known with coil springs, for example.

The foregoing features and advantages of this invention will be better understood and appreciated after a careful study of the following detailed description of preferred non-limiting example embodiments of the invention herein, with the accompanying drawings, which show:

Fig. 1: an exemplary embodiment of an elastomer according to the invention

Piston-cylinder system with additional hydraulic chamber,

Fig. 2: a spring force-deflection path diagram of an inventive

Elastomer-piston-cylinder system with a progressive characteristic curve,

Fig. 3: an example of an elastic bearing according to the invention for a

building

Fig. 4: an illustration of an operating principle of an inventive

vibration isolation for a structure,

Fig. 5: an illustration of an operating principle of an inventive

Vibration reduction for a building by a vibration absorber system with an elastomer-piston-cylinder system according to the invention,

6: an embodiment of a system according to the invention for the elastic mounting of a building by means of an elastomer-piston-cylinder system,

FIG. 7: an illustration of the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 6 when a lateral displacement occurs,

8: another exemplary embodiment of the system according to the invention for the elastic support of a building,

Fig. 9: another embodiment with a bearing shell and a

Bearing base each with curved surface, Fig. 10: shows a sectional view of part of an elastomer piston-cylinder system with a compression chamber in a first variant with a damping effect and

11 shows a sectional representation of part of an elastomer-piston-cylinder system with a compression chamber in a second variant with a path-dependent damping effect.

Figure 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an elastomer piston-cylinder system 1 according to the invention.

The basic structure of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 is shown in FIG. 1 as a basic sketch. A piston 3 with its piston collar 2 can be seen, which moves or deflects into the inner cylinder 4 due to the force F acting on the piston 3 . The force F can be, for example, a weight of a building 11, which acts on an elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 arranged, for example, in the direction of the weight of the building. The force F acting on the piston 3 is shown in FIG. 1 by means of an arrow in its direction acting on the piston 3 . Furthermore, seals 16 for sealing the system are indicated in various places.

The liquid, compressible medium, such as a compressible liquid elastomer 5, which is located in the inner cylinder 4 and is under an admission pressure of, for example, approximately 1000 bar, is further compressed by the deflection of the piston, with the internal pressure in the compression chamber 6 increasing. The spring force 7 created by the internal pressure in the compression chamber 6 is proportional to the diameter of the piston 3 and to the internal pressure in the compression chamber 6 and increases according to the deflection travel of the piston 3.

Furthermore, an optional outer cylinder 8 with a hydraulic chamber 9 is shown. Hydraulic fluid can be conducted into the hydraulic chamber 9 with the aid of the valve connection 10 and the inner cylinder 4 can thereby be moved out of or into the outer cylinder 8 . FIG. 2 shows an exemplary spring force-compression travel diagram of an elastomer piston-cylinder system 1 according to the invention. As can be seen, the resulting spring force of the elastomer piston-cylinder system 1 increases with the increasing compression travel of the piston 2. The spring force 7 of the elastomer piston-cylinder system 1 is the force F acting on the piston 3, for example a vertically acting weight force of a building 11, not shown in FIG. 2, in the opposite direction. In the example design shown, an increase in spring stiffness can be seen from a spring deflection of around 24 mm, which results in a progressive spring characteristic curve in this example.

Internal pressures of up to 2000 bar and more arise over a normal compression travel of the piston 3 of a few centimeters. The force F absorbed by the piston 3 can be a few tons to over 100 tons.

The outer cylinder 8 of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 and the hydraulic chamber 9 connected to it make it possible for the inner cylinder 4 to be extended or retracted hydraulically. This changes the length or the overall height of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1. Due to the possibility of hydraulically extending or retracting the inner cylinder 4, the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 can be assembled and disassembled easily. In addition, the operating point of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 can be set in the assembled state in that a pressure associated with the operating point is generated in the compression chamber 6 by moving the inner cylinder 4 in the outer cylinder 8 and the associated deflection of the piston rod 3. For this purpose, hydraulic oil, for example, is introduced into the hydraulic chamber 9 via a valve connection 10 (not shown). For the purpose of reducing the length or the overall height of the elastomer piston-cylinder system 1 , hydraulic oil, for example, is drained from the hydraulic chamber 9 via the valve connection 10 .

Provision is also made for the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 to be equipped with a valve system that is not shown in FIG. Because of the engagement With such a valve system, hydraulic fluid can be introduced into the hydraulic chamber 9 or removed from it. Furthermore, the hydraulic pressure, which is practically proportional to the acting force F, can be checked. In addition, pressure valves can be installed, which allow the hydraulic chamber 9 to be filled up to a preset pressure or drain hydraulic fluid if the hydraulic pressure is too high. In addition, it is also possible to connect individual hydraulic chambers 9 of different elastomer-piston-cylinder systems 1, with which, for example, a uniform force distribution to different elastomer-piston-cylinder systems 1 can be realized.

It is also provided that the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 works reliably with internal pressures of up to 2000 bar and more.

FIG. 3 shows an example of an elastic mounting according to the invention for a building 11. A building, a bridge, a bridge or building pillar, a railway line, a wind turbine or the like is assumed to be a building 11, for example. The aim is to elastically mount the structure 11, which is arranged on a substructure 12, in order to protect the structure 11 or the substructure 12, such as the soil, from vibrations or shocks. In general, the structure 11 and the subsoil 12 should be decoupled from one another in terms of vibrations, which is alternatively also referred to as vibration isolation. Everything that is described in this description using the example of a building 11 also applies analogously to the case that only a part of the building 11, ie a part of the building, is to be mounted elastically or arranged in a vibration-insulated manner.

One reason for vibration-reducing measures is the increasing demand for the avoidance of vibrations and secondary airborne noise within structures 11 such as buildings, which arise, for example, as a result of densification in inner-city areas, since building sites that are close to railway systems and heavily frequented are increasingly being used roads or industrial facilities that emit vibrations. In addition, there is, for example, the expansion of inner-city, partially underground railway lines that emit vibrations. In addition to building insulation, emitting structures such as railway tunnel systems are also elastically decoupled in order to minimize the impact of vibrations on neighboring structures. FIG. 3 shows a structure 11 emitting vibrations like a building, which is arranged on a subsoil 12 such as, for example, soil.

For the elastic mounting according to the invention, provision is made for arranging a plurality of elastomer-piston-cylinder systems 1 between the structure 11 and the substructure 12, preferably aligned in the direction of the weight of the structure. These elastomer-piston-cylinder systems 1 can be arranged, for example, in the form of a matrix having rows and columns. The distances between the elastomer-piston-cylinder systems 1 within the rows and/or within the columns of the matrix can be the same. With such an arrangement of the elastomer-piston-cylinder systems 1 in a matrix, a uniform distribution of the weight of the structure 11 acting on the elastomer-piston-cylinder systems 1 can be achieved, at least in the event that the weight distribution within the structure 11 is considered to be uniform can be.

In an alternative embodiment, it is provided that the distances between the elastomer-piston-cylinder systems 1 within a row and/or within a column of the matrix are not the same. In this way, for example, more elastomer-piston-cylinder systems 1 can be arranged in areas in which the structure 11 has a greater weight or partial weight than in areas in which the structure 11 has a lower weight or partial weight. It is also customary to arrange elastic bearings such as elastomer piston-cylinder systems 1 inside walls, columns and supports.

An elastic mounting of structures 11 can, for example, prevent disruptive vibrations from being transmitted from a structure 11 or a building into the subsoil 12 . Around- swept are also reduced or eliminated disturbing effects of ground vibrations of the subsoil 12 on a structure 11, which is often a reason for an elastic mounting of buildings.

Any lateral or horizontal displacements that may occur between the subsoil 12 and the building 11 are tolerated within predetermined tolerance limits by the system according to the invention for the elastic mounting of buildings 11, as will be shown in more detail later. Such a horizontal shift is not shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 shows the working principle of the elastic mounting of buildings 11 or parts of the building. A building 11 with an internal vibration excitation 13 is shown above a subsoil 12 . Such a vibration excitation 13 can, for example, represent the acceleration of a mass.

Vibration excitations can occur, for example, within a machine in a building, by a moving vehicle on a bridge, or by a moving train on a bridge or in a tunnel.

The elastic mounting of the building 11 according to the invention is achieved by using one or more elastomer-piston-cylinder systems 1 which are arranged between the building 11 and the subsoil 12 .

Figure 4 shows the resilient effect of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 by the illustrated spring element 29 and the damping effect of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 by the illustrated damper element 30, which between the structure 11 with internal vibration excitation 13 and the ground 12 are arranged.

In addition to the principle according to the invention of the elastic mounting of structures 11 or parts of structures by arranging one or more elastomer piston-cylinder systems 1 between the structure 11 and the ground 12, a vibration absorber system with the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 can also be constructed. The principle of a vibration absorber system is shown in FIG. The elements already known from FIG. 4: structure 11, base 12, vibration excitation 13 and an existing elastic coupling 15 to the base 12, which is created, for example, with the help of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 with its resilient and damping effect, can be seen. In addition, an absorber mass 14 m _T is shown, which is connected to the structure 11 with the aid of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 according to the invention.

As is known from the prior art, the absorber mass 14 m _T together with an absorber spring or the spring element 29 forms a so-called mass-spring system whose natural frequency is tuned to an oscillation frequency that is to be reduced. FIG. 5 also shows a absorber damper, such as a damping element 30, which is often important from a practical point of view. The absorber spring 29 and the absorber damper 30 are realized here by an elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 . As is known from the relevant literature, absorber mass 14 begins to oscillate due to vibration excitation 13 . The resulting acceleration forces act on the structure 11 and lead to a reduction in vibration on the structure 11 within a specific frequency range.

FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of a system according to the invention for the elastic mounting of a structure 11 by means of one or more elastomer piston-cylinder systems 1, only one elastomer piston-cylinder system 1 being shown in a sectional view in FIG. The elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 in the representation of FIG. 6 is aligned in the direction of the weight of the structure, the weight of the structure 11 receiving, arranged.

The elastomeric piston-cylinder system 1 has a piston 3 with a piston collar 2 , the piston 3 being guided in a corresponding guide bushing 17 . The compression chamber 6 is filled with a compressible liquid elastomer 5 such as silicone oil. The compression chamber 6 is surrounded by an inner cylinder 4 . The elastomer piston-cylinder system 1 has a head sleeve 18 which is connected to the piston 3 and encloses the inner cylinder 4 with its cylindrical part. The to seal the Compression chamber required seal between the piston 3 and the inner cylinder 4 are not shown here.

It is provided that the head sleeve 18 has a first curved contact surface 20 in a region in which the head sleeve 18 is connected to an upper bearing part 19 , the upper bearing part 19 being firmly connected to the underside of the structure 11 .

It is also provided that the inner cylinder 4 is connected to a base plate 21, which has a second curved contact surface 23 in an area in which the base plate 21 is connected to a bearing base 22, with the bearing base 22 being fixed to the upper side of the ground 12 is connected.

The first curved contact surface 20 and the second curved contact surface 23 are designed with a corresponding radius in the shape of a segment of a sphere. It is provided here that the sum of the two radii of the contact surfaces 20 and 23 is selected to be equal to or greater than the longitudinal extent of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 . As an alternative to the shape of a spherical segment, a shape of an ellipsoid segment with different main radii of curvature can also be selected for the configuration of the curved contact surface 20 and 23 .

FIG. 7 shows the exemplary embodiment of the system according to the invention, known from FIG. Even in this arrangement of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1, which deviates by a few degrees from the direction of the weight of the structure, the weight of the structure 11 is absorbed by the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 and the elastic mounting of the structure 11 takes place practically in Direction of the weight of the structure 11.

In the event that the building 11 moves horizontally above the ground 12, problems occur with solutions according to the prior art, since the used elastic elements allow such horizontal shifts only insufficient. In such cases, the function of the elastic elements used may decrease or the structure 11 or a part of the structure may be destroyed. The horizontal forces resulting from the displacement can be too high or too low, which can only be influenced indirectly in the design.

The invention solves the problem of horizontal displacements that occur by designing the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 with at least one first curved contact surface 20 which is connected to the upper bearing part 19 . Furthermore, a second curved contact surface 23 is also provided, which is connected to the lower bearing part 22 .

The first curved contact surface 20 and/or the second curved contact surface 23 allow the elastomer piston-cylinder system 1 to incline away from the vertical installation position, i.e. deviating from the direction of the weight of the structure, without affecting the elastic bearing function of the elastomer piston-cylinder system 1 is significantly affected. In the example of FIG. 7, the structure 11 has shifted horizontally to the left relative to the subsoil 12 in the direction shown by the arrow. In the case of a structure 11, a cause for such a horizontal movement or displacement can be, for example, a shrinkage process in the concrete.

Such deviations or inclinations of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 from its vertical installation position, ie deviating from the direction of the weight of the building, of up to 10 degrees can occur, which are tolerated by the system for the elastic mounting of buildings without the Functionality of the elastic bearing is significantly affected.

FIG. 8 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the system according to the invention for the elastic mounting of a building 11. The example in FIG. 8 shows a plurality of elastomer piston-cylinder systems 1 which are arranged in what is known as a package 24 . By combining several elastomer-piston-cylinder systems 1 in a package 24 can be compact Produce storage systems in which an alignment of individual elastomer piston-cylinder systems 1 is no longer necessary when used on a construction site. This greatly simplifies use in practice.

FIG. 8 shows an arrangement of four elastomer-piston-cylinder systems 1 in a package 24 in a front view and in a side view. As can be seen in FIG. 8, the four elastomer-piston-cylinder systems 1 are fixed in the package 24 by means of appropriate holders 25 and using appropriate screw connections 26 . In such a package 24, the weight of the structure 11 is distributed over the elastomer-piston-cylinder systems 1 arranged in the package 24. Furthermore, the exemplary embodiment can also be used to construct vibration absorber systems, as shown in FIG. 5, for example.

FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of the invention with an upper bearing part 19 and a lower bearing part 22, each with a curved surface. In this further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the upper bearing part 19 and the lower bearing part 22 are not each equipped with a flat surface facing the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1, as has already been shown in FIGS.

FIG. 9 shows the upper bearing part 19 and the lower bearing part 22 each with a curved, inwardly concave surface. In this way, for example, a so-called first joint socket can arise on the upper side of the bearing, between the upper bearing part 19 and the first curved contact surface 20, and a second socket on the lower side of the bearing, between the lower bearing part 22 and the second curved contact surface 23.

In this embodiment, an inclined position of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1, depending on the adhesive force and the curvatures, can be caused by rolling or sliding of the curved surfaces 20 and 23 of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 in the curved surfaces of the upper bearing part 19 and the Bearing base 22 arise. For example, the curved surfaces in the upper bearing part 19 and in the lower bearing part 22 with the associated contact partner first curved contact surface 20 and second curved contact surface 23 each form a socket joint or a joint.

FIG. 10 shows a sectional illustration of part of an elastomer piston-cylinder system 1 with a compression chamber 6 in a first variant with a damping effect.

The sectional view shows one half of an elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 with the piston 3 and the piston collar 2. The piston collar 2 divides the compression chamber 6 with the compressible liquid elastomer 5 introduced into it into a first partial chamber A 27, which is in the 10 is formed to the left of the piston collar 2 or behind the piston collar 2, and a second partial chamber B 28, which is formed to the right of the piston collar 2 or in front of the piston collar 2 in the representation of FIG.

FIG. 10 shows that the piston 3 dips into the compression chamber 6 of the inner cylinder 4 by the length x. The piston collar 2 has a radius r which is structurally selected such that a gap s of, for example, 0.5 mm, which is comparatively small relative to the piston radius r, is formed between the inner wall of the inner cylinder 4 and the edge of the piston collar 2 . It is also shown that the piston collar 2 has a length k. The flow resistance that acts when the compressible liquid elastomer 5 flows from the first partial chamber A 27 into the second partial chamber B 28 can be influenced by varying the parameters length k and gap s. This flow resistance also acts when the direction of flow is reversed from the second sub-chamber B 28 to the first sub-chamber A 27. This structurally adjustable flow resistance causes the additional damping provided by the elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 according to the invention.

FIG. 11 shows a sectional view of a part of an elastomer-piston-cylinder system 1 with a compression chamber 6 in a second variant with a path-dependent damping effect.

This sectional view also shows one half of an elastomer piston-cylinder system 1 comprising the piston 3 with its piston collar 2. The piston collar 2 divides the compression chamber 6 of the inner cylinder 4 with the compressible liquid elastomer 5 introduced into it into a first sub-chamber A 27, which is formed to the left of the piston collar 2 or behind the piston collar 2 in the illustration in Figure 11, and a second sub-chamber B 28, which is formed to the right of the piston collar 2 or in front of the piston collar 2 in the representation of FIG.

FIG. 11 also shows that the piston 3 dips into the compression chamber 6 of the inner cylinder 4 by the length x. The piston collar 2 has a radius r, which is structurally chosen such that between the inner wall of the inner cylinder 4 and the edge of the piston collar 2 there is only a partial area e with a comparatively small gap s compared to the radius r of, for example, 0.5 mm.

In the area of the inner wall of the inner cylinder 4 that is not covered by the partial area e, i.e. in a partial area f, a gap is formed between the inner wall of the inner cylinder 4 and the edge of the piston collar 2, which is significantly larger than the gap s and is 10 mm, for example amounts to.

Analogous to FIG. 10, for the partial area e it applies that varying the parameters length k and gap s influences the flow resistance that acts when the compressible liquid elastomer 5 flows from the first partial chamber A 27 into the second partial chamber B 28 . This flow resistance also acts when the direction of flow is reversed from the second sub-chamber B 28 to the first sub-chamber A 27.

The embodiment according to FIG. 11 causes the additional damping of the elastomer piston-cylinder system 1 according to the invention caused by the adjustable flow resistance to be provided only in a region of the immersion depth x of the piston 2, which is equal to or smaller than the partial region e.

Versions of elastomer piston-cylinder systems 1 from Meycotec GmbH have the following parameters, for example: Product designation: MT 80

Structure: Elastomer-piston-cylinder system with hydraulic chamber

Working weight: 851

Required space: 273 mm x 273 mm Height h: < 1,000 mm

Effective surface pressure p approx. 11 N / mm ²

Spring rate: approx. 2,300 N/mm

Resonance frequency f _g < 0.85 Hz

Product designation: MT 42 Structure: Elastomer piston-cylinder system with hydraulic chamber

Working weight: 301

Required area: 178 mm x 178 mm

Height h: approx. 600 mm

Effective surface pressure p: approx. 11 N/ ^mm2 Spring rate: approx. 3,000 N/mm

Resonance frequency f _g <1.6 Hz

LIST OF REFERENCE MARKS

1 elastomer piston-cylinder system

2 piston collar

3 pistons

4 inner cylinders

5 compressible liquid elastomer

6 compression chamber

7 spring force

8 outer cylinders

9 hydraulic chamber

10 valve port

11 structure

12 underground

13 vibration excitation

14 absorber mass

15 elastic coupling

16 seal

17 guide bush

18 head sleeve

19 bearing top

20 first curved contact surface

21 footplate

22 bearing base

23 second curved contact surface

24 pack

25 bracket

26 screw connection

27 first partial chamber A

28 second sub-chamber B

29 spring element / absorber spring

30 damping element / absorber damper

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1 . System for the elastic mounting of buildings (11) or parts of buildings, which comprises a building (11) or a part of a building, a storage medium and a base (12), characterized in that the storage medium is an elastomer-piston-cylinder system (1) with a liquid compressible medium and that at least one elastomer-piston-cylinder system (1) is arranged between the building (11) or the part of the building and the subsoil (12) in such a way that the at least one elastomer-piston-cylinder system (1) bears a weight of the building (11) or part of the building.

2. System for constructing an absorber system for reducing vibrations in a structure (11) or part of a structure, which comprises the structure (11) or part of a structure provided for vibration reduction, at least one storage medium and at least one absorber mass (14), characterized in that the storage medium is an elastomer Piston-cylinder system (1) with a compressible liquid elastomer (5).

3. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one elastomer-piston-cylinder system (1) is arranged in one installation position and with its effective direction or longitudinal extent in the direction of the weight of the structure (11) or the structure part.

4. System according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the elastomeric piston-cylinder system (1) has a first curved contact surface (20) and / or a second curved contact surface (23).

5. System according to claim 4, characterized in that the first curved contact surface (20) on a bearing upper part (19) connected to the structure (11) or part of the structure or the absorber mass (14) and the second curved contact surface (23) on a the top of the Subsoil (12) or the building (11) associated bearing base (22) is arranged. System according to one of Claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the first curved contact surface (20) and the second curved contact surface (23) are arranged in the shape of a spherical segment with a radius R. System according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the elastomeric piston-cylinder system (1) has an outer cylinder (8) with a hydraulic chamber (9). System according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that several elastomer-piston-cylinder systems (1) and / or that several in a package (24) arranged elastomer-piston-cylinder systems (1) between the structure (11) or part of the structure and the subsoil (12) or the absorber mass (14) and the structure (11) or part of the structure are arranged. System according to claim 8, characterized in that the several elastomeric piston-cylinder systems (1) are arranged in a package (24) in a matrix form. System according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the elastomer piston-cylinder system (1) is connected to a valve system, via which hydraulic fluid is introduced into or removed from the hydraulic chamber 9, such a length and/or a Operating point of the elastomer piston-cylinder system (1) is set. System according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the compressible liquid medium is a compressible liquid elastomer (5). Method for the elastic mounting of buildings (11) or parts of buildings, in which a mounting means is provided between a building (11) or part of the building and a substructure (12), characterized in that for the elastic mounting of the building (11) or part of a building as Storage means between the building (11) or part of the building and the subsoil (12) at least one elastomer-piston-cylinder system (1) with a compressible liquid elastomer (5) is provided, wherein the at least one elastomer-piston-cylinder system (1) a weight force of the building (11) or part of the building is provided between the building (11) or part of the building and the subsoil (12). Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the elastomer-piston-cylinder system (1) is provided in an installation position aligned in the direction of the weight of the building (11) or part of the building. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the elastomer-piston-cylinder system (1) is provided with a first curved contact surface (20) and/or a second curved contact surface (23). Method according to Claim 14, characterized in that the connection of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system (1) with its first curved contact surface (20) via a bearing upper part (19) provided on an underside of the structure (11) or part of the structure and with its second curved Contact surface (23) takes place via a bearing base (22) provided on an upper side of the base (12), the connection being effected by friction or sliding. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the upper bearing part (19) and the lower bearing part (22) are each provided with a elastomer-piston-cylinder system (1) facing flat surface or with a curved, inwardly concave surface . Method according to one of Claims 12 to 16, characterized in that a change in the length of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system (1) in its longitudinal extension is achieved by a change in volume of a liquid, compressible medium arranged in a hydraulic chamber of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system (1). becomes. Method according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that an adjustment of an operating point of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system (1) by changing the amount of the compressible liquid elastomer (5) in a compression chamber (6) or a hydraulic fluid in a hydraulic chamber (9) of the elastomer-piston-cylinder system (1).