WO2023071339A1 - 一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法和装置 - Google Patents
一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of power battery recycling, in particular to a method and device for defining the carbon emission accounting boundary of power battery recycling.
- the invention provides a method and device for defining the boundary of carbon emission accounting for recycling and utilization of power batteries, so as to solve the technical problem of blurred system boundaries and improve the accuracy of life cycle evaluation and carbon emission accounting of decommissioned power batteries.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for defining the carbon emission accounting boundary of power battery recycling, including:
- the overall process flow range is the range formed by one or more combinations of the following processes: pre-plant treatment process, transportation process, waste treatment process, in-plant physical treatment process, in-plant chemical treatment process, product Shaping processes and assigning usage processes.
- evaluation requirements corresponding to carbon emission accounting are to obtain copper and aluminum metal, to obtain plastic shells, or to prepare raw materials for chemical extraction, combined with the pre-plant treatment process, transportation process, waste treatment process and in-plant physics in the scope of the overall process flow processing the process to generate a second boundary corresponding to the evaluation requirement;
- the transportation process information corresponding to the decommissioned power battery includes the transportation range inside and outside the factory, means of transportation, fuel type, and fuel consumption per 100 kilometers;
- the waste treatment process information corresponding to the decommissioned power battery includes waste treatment methods, waste treatment The recycling method, the standardized discharge method of waste, the parameter information of the required equipment and the input-output logistics information.
- the in-plant physical processing process information corresponding to the decommissioned power battery includes the equipment information of the discharge, heat treatment, crushing, sorting, and mechanical dismantling processes, the materials of each first functional unit, and the input and output of the first energy. data.
- the in-plant chemical treatment process information corresponding to the decommissioned power battery includes information on equipment required for leaching, chemical purification, extraction purification, crystallization, liquid preparation, reaction, filtration and washing, drying, foreign matter separation, and high-temperature calcination process, each Material and secondary energy input-output data of a second functional unit.
- the product shaping process information corresponding to the decommissioned power battery includes product packaging materials, packaging materials, and granulation program information.
- the distribution and use process information corresponding to the decommissioned power battery includes the distribution and use logistics information of the product and the carbon emission information caused by the loading weight of the power battery.
- an embodiment of the present invention also provides a device for defining the accounting boundary of carbon emissions in the recycling of power batteries, including a range setting unit, a boundary determination unit, and an information output unit; wherein,
- the range setting unit sets the overall process flow range of the recycling of decommissioned power batteries;
- the overall process flow range is the range formed by one or more combinations of the following processes: pre-factory treatment process, transportation process, Waste treatment process, in-plant physical process, in-plant chemical process, product shaping process and distribution use process;
- the boundary determination unit is used to generate a corresponding boundary according to the scope of the overall process flow and in combination with the evaluation requirements corresponding to carbon emission accounting;
- the information output unit is used to output the unit process and list structure corresponding to the recycling of the decommissioned power battery according to the boundary.
- the present invention provides a method and device for defining the carbon emission accounting boundary of power battery recycling.
- the defining method includes: setting the overall process flow range for the recycling of decommissioned power batteries; According to the evaluation requirements corresponding to the carbon emission accounting, a corresponding boundary is generated; according to the boundary, the unit process and inventory structure corresponding to the recycling of the decommissioned power battery are output.
- the present invention determines a clear and standardized system boundary by defining the boundary of carbon emission accounting, improves the accuracy of carbon emission accounting and full life cycle evaluation of decommissioned power batteries, and is more suitable for practical applications Condition.
- Fig. 1 A schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the method for defining the boundary of carbon emission accounting for the recycling and utilization of power batteries provided by the present invention.
- Fig. 2 A structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the carbon emission accounting boundary definition device for the recycling and utilization of power batteries provided by the present invention.
- Fig. 1 is a method for defining the carbon emission accounting boundary of power battery recycling provided by an embodiment of the present invention, including steps S1 to S3; wherein,
- Step S1 setting the overall process flow range of the recycling of decommissioned power batteries
- the overall process flow range is the range formed by one or more combinations of the following processes: pre-plant treatment process, transportation process, waste treatment process, in-plant physical treatment process, in-plant chemical treatment process, product shaping process, and distribution use process.
- the pre-factory treatment process includes the following steps:
- the transportation process includes the following steps:
- Install fire and smoke detectors install a wireless connector in the cab to monitor the condition of the compartment), and turn on GPS to remotely monitor the condition of the vehicle;
- Formulate an emergency plan, strictly control the vehicle load, and connect with the vehicle transport personnel every certain preset time.
- the in-plant physical processing flow includes the following steps:
- Iron, copper, aluminum and carbon powder are recycled, and the positive and negative electrode mixture is pyrolyzed;
- the in-plant chemical treatment process is mainly to recover valuable metals such as cobalt, nickel, lithium and manganese through wet or pyrotechnic recovery.
- the product shaping process includes: positive and negative electrode ingredients, positive and negative electrode coating, positive and negative electrode sheeting, diaphragm baking, winding, short circuit inspection, shelling, grooving, injection, etc. liquid, sealing and tightness inspection, formation, volume separation, outer packaging and other steps to form the final battery product.
- the distribution and use process includes sending battery products to consumers or downstream customers through different logistics means and sales channels.
- the waste treatment process includes the following steps:
- Step S2 generating a corresponding boundary according to the scope of the overall process flow, combined with the evaluation requirements corresponding to carbon emission accounting;
- the corresponding boundaries are generated based on the overall process flow range and in combination with the evaluation requirements corresponding to carbon emission accounting, specifically:
- evaluation requirements corresponding to carbon emission accounting are to obtain copper and aluminum metal, to obtain plastic shells, or to prepare raw materials for chemical extraction, combined with the pre-plant treatment process, transportation process, waste treatment process and in-plant physics in the scope of the overall process flow processing the process to generate a second boundary corresponding to the evaluation requirement;
- Step S3 output the unit flow and list structure corresponding to the recycling of the decommissioned power battery.
- the boundary is the first boundary
- the first transportation process information and waste treatment process information are output;
- the transportation process information corresponding to the decommissioned power battery includes the transportation range inside and outside the factory, transportation means, fuel type, and fuel consumption per 100 kilometers;
- the waste treatment process information corresponding to the decommissioned power battery includes waste treatment methods, waste recycling method, the standardized discharge method of waste, the parameter information of the required equipment and the input-output logistics information.
- the in-plant physical processing process information corresponding to the decommissioned power battery includes equipment information of discharge, heat treatment, crushing, sorting, and mechanical dismantling processes, materials of each first functional unit, and first energy input-output data.
- the in-plant chemical treatment process information corresponding to the decommissioned power battery includes information on equipment required for leaching, chemical purification, extraction purification, crystallization, liquid preparation, reaction, filtration and washing, drying, foreign matter separation, high-temperature calcination, and each second Material and secondary energy input-output data for functional units.
- the product shaping process information corresponding to the decommissioned power battery includes product packaging materials, packaging materials, and granulation program information.
- the distribution and use process information corresponding to the decommissioned power battery includes product distribution and use logistics information (these information is mainly determined based on the logistics model of new energy vehicles, for example, the national standard "Building Carbon Emission Calculation Standard" issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (number GB /T51366-2019) on the calculation method of transportation allocation, to determine the average transportation distance and average transportation weight of the products produced, that is, to determine the average ton*km value of the product, in addition to determine the means of transportation types, including 2-ton, 5-ton light vehicles, 10-ton heavy-duty vehicles, 15-ton heavy-duty vehicles, etc.) and information on carbon emissions caused by the loading weight of power batteries.
- product distribution and use logistics information (these information is mainly determined based on the logistics model of new energy vehicles, for example, the national standard "Building Carbon Emission Calculation Standard" issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (number GB /T51366-2019) on the calculation method of transportation allocation, to determine the
- FIG. 2 is an embodiment of the present invention and also provides a schematic structural diagram of a device for defining the carbon emission accounting boundary of power battery recycling, including a range setting unit 101 , a boundary determination unit 102 and an information output unit 103 ;in,
- the range setting unit 101 sets the overall process flow range of the recycling of decommissioned power batteries;
- the overall process flow range is the range formed by one or more combinations of the following processes: pre-factory treatment process, transportation process , waste treatment process, in-plant physical treatment process, in-plant chemical treatment process, product shaping process and distribution and use process;
- the boundary determination unit 102 is configured to generate a corresponding boundary according to the scope of the overall process flow and in combination with the evaluation requirements corresponding to carbon emission accounting;
- the information output unit 103 is used to output the unit process and list structure corresponding to the recycling of the decommissioned power battery according to the boundary.
- the present invention provides a method and device for defining the carbon emission accounting boundary of power battery recycling.
- the defining method includes: setting the overall process flow range for the recycling of decommissioned power batteries; According to the evaluation requirements corresponding to the carbon emission accounting, a corresponding boundary is generated; according to the boundary, the unit process and inventory structure corresponding to the recycling of the decommissioned power battery are output.
- the present invention determines a clear and standardized system boundary by defining the boundary of carbon emission accounting, improves the accuracy of carbon emission accounting and full life cycle evaluation of decommissioned power batteries, and is more suitable for practical applications Condition.
- an embodiment (embodiment 2) is also provided, which includes the following steps:
- Step S1 setting the overall process flow range of the recycling of decommissioned power batteries
- the overall process flow scope includes seven processes in the whole life cycle of decommissioned power battery recycling technology, namely, pre-plant treatment process, transportation process, waste treatment process, in-plant physical treatment process, and in-plant chemical treatment. process, product shaping process, and distribution use process.
- Step S2 generating a corresponding boundary according to the scope of the overall process flow, combined with the evaluation requirements corresponding to carbon emission accounting;
- the fourth boundary is selected, including pre-factory treatment process, transportation process, waste treatment process, in-plant physical treatment process, in-plant chemical Process and product shaping processes.
- the purpose of this boundary is to use recycled metal raw materials to prepare lithium iron phosphate cathode material products.
- Step S3 output the unit process and list structure corresponding to the recycling of the decommissioned power battery.
- the transportation process within the boundary range only includes the transportation range outside the factory, assuming that the average transportation distance of decommissioned batteries is 500km, and Xichai 4110 diesel vehicles are used for transportation, and the average fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of this model is 12-14 liters;
- the waste treatment process includes the treatment of waste liquid, waste gas and solid waste, mixing, calcination and other processes will produce Li elements, CO 2 , CO, ammonia, sulfide, ammonium hydrogen phosphate and sucrose, etc.
- Carbon-containing organic matter is mainly discharged in the form of gas, which is discharged after harmless treatment according to environmental protection requirements, and the waste water is purchased in the form of third-party services.
- the physical treatment process of waste batteries in the factory such as equipment information of technological processes such as discharge, heat treatment, crushing, sorting, and mechanical dismantling, as well as material and energy input and output data per functional unit.
- the chemical treatment process in the plant includes the equipment information of leaching, chemical purification, extraction purification, crystallization, liquid preparation, reaction, filtration and washing, drying, foreign matter separation, high-temperature calcination, etc., and the materials and energy input per functional unit output data, etc.;
- the average recycling of waste ternary lithium batteries per kWh requires input energy of 0.0186kWh of electricity and 12kg of steam.
- An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for defining the carbon emission accounting boundary of power battery recycling.
- the defining method includes: setting the overall process flow range for the recycling of decommissioned power batteries; According to the evaluation requirements corresponding to the carbon emission accounting, a corresponding boundary is generated; according to the boundary, the unit process and inventory structure corresponding to the recycling of the decommissioned power battery are output.
- the present invention determines a clear and standardized system boundary by defining the boundary of carbon emission accounting, improves the accuracy of carbon emission accounting and full life cycle evaluation of decommissioned power batteries, and is more suitable for practical applications Condition.
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Abstract
本申请提供了一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法和装置，所述界定方法包括：设定退役动力电池的回收利用的总体工艺流动范围；根据所述总体工艺流动范围，结合与碳排放核算对应的评价需求，生成相应的边界；根据所述边界，输出与所述退役动力电池的回收利用对应的单元流程与清单结构。本申请通过对碳排放核算边界的界定，相对于现有技术确定了一种清晰、规范的系统边界，提高了碳排放核算和对退役动力电池全生命周期评价的准确性，更加贴合实际应用情况。
Description
本发明涉及动力电池回收领域，尤其涉及一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法和装置。
随着科学技术的发展，动力电池的应用变得越来越广泛。而动力电池包含多种金属元素，如果处理不当则可能会造成安全隐患和环境的污染，同时很难对其进行回收。目前对于动力电池的生命周期评价(LCA)一般会将动力电池的回收利用包含在整个生命周期当中。然而现有技术对退役动力电池的生命周期评价或者对碳排放核算时，常存在系统边界模糊不清的问题，针对同一评价需求得出的输出结果可能相差较大，这也导致了一些研究得出的结论出现较大误差，而且这些理论在碳排放核算的过程中是无法切合实际情况的。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法和装置，以解决系统边界模糊不清的技术问题，提高了退役动力电池的生命周期评价和碳排放核算的精确性。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例提供了一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法，包括：
设定退役动力电池的回收利用的总体工艺流动范围；
根据所述总体工艺流动范围，结合与碳排放核算对应的评价需求，生成相应的边界；
根据所述边界，输出与所述退役动力电池的回收利用对应的单元流程与清 单结构。
进一步的，所述总体工艺流动范围为由以下流程中的一个或多个组合所形成的范围：厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程、厂内化学处理流程、产品塑造流程和分配使用流程。
进一步的，所述根据所述总体工艺流动范围，结合与碳排放核算对应的评价需求，生成相应的边界，具体为：
当与碳排放核算对应的评价需求为仅需废物处理时，结合所述总体工艺流动范围中的厂前处理流程、运输流程和废物处理流程，生成与所述评价需求对应的第一边界；
当与碳排放核算对应的评价需求为获取铜铝金属、获取塑料外壳或为化学提取准备原料时，结合所述总体工艺流动范围中的厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程和厂内物理处理流程，生成与所述评价需求对应的第二边界；
当与碳排放核算对应的评价需求为回收金属元素、为制备前驱体提供原材料或为制备正极材料提供原材料时，结合所述总体工艺流动范围中的厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程和厂内化学处理流程，生成与所述评价需求对应的第三边界；
当与碳排放核算对应的评价需求为制造再生电池时，结合所述总体工艺流动范围中的厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程、厂内化学处理流程和产品塑造流程，生成与所述评价需求对应的第四边界；
当与碳排放核算对应的评价需求为制造再生电池且投入市场时，结合所述总体工艺流动范围中的厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程、厂内化学处理流程、产品塑造流程和分配使用流程，生成与所述评价需求对应的第五边界。
进一步的，所述根据所述边界，输出与所述退役动力电池的回收利用对应的单元流程与清单结构。具体为：
当所述边界为第一边界时，输出第一运输流程信息和废物处理流程信息；
当所述边界为第二边界时，输出第二运输流程信息、第二废物处理流程信 息和第二厂内物理处理流程信息；
当所述边界为第三边界时，输出第三运输流程信息、第三废物处理流程信息、第三厂内物理处理流程信息和第三厂内化学处理流程信息；
当所述边界为第四边界时，输出第四运输流程信息、第四废物处理流程信息、第四厂内物理处理流程信息、第四厂内化学处理流程信息和第四产品塑造流程信息；
当所述边界为第五边界时，输出第五运输流程信息、第五废物处理流程信息、第五厂内物理处理流程信息、第五厂内化学处理流程信息、第五产品塑造流程信息和第五分配使用流程信息。
进一步的，所述退役动力电池对应的运输流程信息包括厂内厂外运输范围、运输工具、燃料类型和百公里油耗；所述退役动力电池对应的废物处理流程信息包括废物的处理方式、对废物的回收利用方式、对废物的规范化排放方式以及所需设备的参数信息和投入产出物流信息。
进一步的，所述退役动力电池对应的厂内物理处理流程信息包括放电、热处理、破碎、分选、机械拆分工艺流程的设备信息、每个第一功能单位的物料和第一能源投入产出数据。
进一步的，所述退役动力电池对应的厂内化学处理流程信息包括浸出、化学净化、萃取净化、结晶、配液、反应、过滤洗涤、干燥、异物分离、高温煅烧过程所需设备的信息、每个第二功能单位的物料和第二能源投入产出数据。
进一步的，所述退役动力电池对应的产品塑造流程信息包括产品的包装材料、打包材料以及造粒的程序信息。
进一步的，所述退役动力电池对应的分配使用流程信息包括产品的分配使用物流信息和因动力电池装载重量导致的碳排放的信息。
相应的，本发明实施例还提供了一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定装置，包括范围设定单元、边界确定单元和信息输出单元；其中，
所述范围设定单元设定退役动力电池的回收利用的总体工艺流动范围；所述总体工艺流动范围为由以下流程中的一个或多个组合所形成的范围：厂前处 理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程、厂内化学处理流程、产品塑造流程和分配使用流程；
所述边界确定单元用于根据所述总体工艺流动范围，结合与碳排放核算对应的评价需求，生成相应的边界；
所述信息输出单元用于根据所述边界，输出与所述退役动力电池的回收利用对应的单元流程与清单结构。
相比于现有技术，本发明实施例具有如下有益效果：
本发明提供了一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法和装置，所述界定方法包括：设定退役动力电池的回收利用的总体工艺流动范围；根据所述总体工艺流动范围，结合与碳排放核算对应的评价需求，生成相应的边界；根据所述边界，输出与所述退役动力电池的回收利用对应的单元流程与清单结构。本发明通过对碳排放核算边界的界定，相对于现有技术确定了一种清晰、规范的系统边界，提高了碳排放核算和对退役动力电池全生命周期评价的准确性，更加贴合实际应用情况。
图1：为本发明提供的动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界界定方法的一种实施例的流程示意图。
图2：为本发明提供的动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界界定装置的一种实施例的结构示意图。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一：
请参照图1，图1为本发明实施例提供的一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法，包括步骤S1至S3；其中，
步骤S1，设定退役动力电池的回收利用的总体工艺流动范围；
在本实施例中，所述总体工艺流动范围为由以下流程中的一个或多个组合所形成的范围：厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程、厂内化学处理流程、产品塑造流程和分配使用流程。
在本实施例中，所述厂前处理流程包括以下步骤：
确认拟提货退役动力电池产品类型以及对应用于装配的车辆类型，并相应地进行登记、存档和备份；
检查是否存在漏电或者绝缘失败，如果是，则进行绝缘处理或者安全放电至电压低于1.5V；
检查电解液是否泄露，切断泄露源，收集电解液并采用防泄露专用包装箱或者采用有效的防泄露措施解除风险；
检查是否有起火、冒烟痕迹，如果有则进行隔离放置，待危险解除后进行包装运输或者开包检查从而解除风险；
检查是否存在浸水痕迹，判别浸水的安全风险程度，进行风干或者解除风险；
检查电池温度、电压等电池参数，判断是否超出厂家规定的安全限制条件，如果超出则隔离放置，待危险解除后再进行包装运输；
在本实施例中，所述运输流程包括以下步骤：
确定运输时间、地点、对接信息、交接方式和运输方案；
采用具备危险品运输资质且经验丰富的运输公司；
安装火感、烟感探测器(驾驶室安装无线连接器监控车厢情况)、开启GPS远程监控车辆情况；
制定应急预案，严格控制车辆负载、每隔一定的预设时间与车辆运输人员对接联系。
在本实施例中，所述厂内物理处理流程包括以下步骤：
在提货后，根据具体的需要或业务需求进行退役动力电池的储存、拆解和再利用，其中，再利用包括梯次利用和再生利用；
在进行放电后，切割外壳，然后进行湿式破碎、分选，得到铁、铜、铝、碳粉和正负极混合料；
铁铜铝和碳粉进行回收，将正负极混合料进行热解；
根据热解程度的不同，分别进行破碎、筛分、磁选、脱水或二次燃烧、初步除尘、降温、脱酸、布袋除尘以及再次除酸等工艺处理，最终得到热解渣。
在本实施例中，所述厂内化学处理流程主要为通过湿法或者火法回收得到有价金属钴、镍、锂和锰等元素。
在本实施例中，所述产品塑造流程包括：依次进行正负极配料、正负极涂布、正负极制片、加隔膜烘烤、卷绕、短路检验、入壳、滚槽、注液、封口及密封性检验、化成、分容、外包装等步骤，形成最终的电池产品。
所述分配使用流程包括将电池产品通过不同的物流手段和销售渠道送至消费者或下游的客户手中。
在本实施例中，所述废物处理流程包括以下步骤：
将各流程产生的固态、液态和气态废物，根据相关废物处理要求和标准规范处置。
步骤S2，根据所述总体工艺流动范围，结合与碳排放核算对应的评价需求，生成相应的边界；
在本实施例中，所述根据所述总体工艺流动范围，结合与碳排放核算对应的评价需求，生成相应的边界，具体为：
当与碳排放核算对应的评价需求为仅需废物处理时，结合所述总体工艺流动范围中的厂前处理流程、运输流程和废物处理流程，生成与所述评价需求对应的第一边界；
当与碳排放核算对应的评价需求为获取铜铝金属、获取塑料外壳或为化学提取准备原料时，结合所述总体工艺流动范围中的厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程和厂内物理处理流程，生成与所述评价需求对应的第二边界；
当与碳排放核算对应的评价需求为回收金属元素、为制备前驱体提供原材料或为制备正极材料提供原材料时，结合所述总体工艺流动范围中的厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程和厂内化学处理流程，生成与所述评价需求对应的第三边界；
当与碳排放核算对应的评价需求为制造再生电池时，结合所述总体工艺流动范围中的厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程、厂内化学处理流程和产品塑造流程，生成与所述评价需求对应的第四边界；
当与碳排放核算对应的评价需求为制造再生电池且投入市场时，结合所述总体工艺流动范围中的厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程、厂内化学处理流程、产品塑造流程和分配使用流程，生成与所述评价需求对应的第五边界。
步骤S3，根据所述边界，输出与所述退役动力电池的回收利用对应的单元流程与清单结构。
在本实施例中，当所述边界为第一边界时，输出第一运输流程信息和废物处理流程信息；其中，
所述退役动力电池对应的运输流程信息包括厂内厂外运输范围、运输工具、燃料类型和百公里油耗；所述退役动力电池对应的废物处理流程信息包括废物的处理方式、对废物的回收利用方式、对废物的规范化排放方式以及所需设备的参数信息和投入产出物流信息。
当所述边界为第二边界时，输出第二运输流程信息、第二废物处理流程信息和第二厂内物理处理流程信息；其中，
所述退役动力电池对应的厂内物理处理流程信息包括放电、热处理、破碎、分选、机械拆分工艺流程的设备信息、每个第一功能单位的物料和第一能源投入产出数据。
当所述边界为第三边界时，输出第三运输流程信息、第三废物处理流程信息、第三厂内物理处理流程信息和第三厂内化学处理流程信息；其中，
所述退役动力电池对应的厂内化学处理流程信息包括浸出、化学净化、萃 取净化、结晶、配液、反应、过滤洗涤、干燥、异物分离、高温煅烧过程所需设备的信息、每个第二功能单位的物料和第二能源投入产出数据。
当所述边界为第四边界时，输出第四运输流程信息、第四废物处理流程信息、第四厂内物理处理流程信息、第四厂内化学处理流程信息和第四产品塑造流程信息；其中，
所述退役动力电池对应的产品塑造流程信息包括产品的包装材料、打包材料以及造粒的程序信息。
当所述边界为第五边界时，输出第五运输流程信息、第五废物处理流程信息、第五厂内物理处理流程信息、第五厂内化学处理流程信息、第五产品塑造流程信息和第五分配使用流程信息。其中，
所述退役动力电池对应的分配使用流程信息包括产品的分配使用物流信息(这些信息主要依据新能源汽车的物流模型进行确定，例如采用住建部发布的国家标准《建筑碳排放计算标准》(编号GB/T51366-2019)中关于运输分配的计算方法，确定所生产的产品的平均运输距离和平均运输重量，也就是要确定出该产品的平均ton*km数值，除此之外还要确定交通工具的类型，包括2吨、5吨轻型车、10吨重型车，15吨重型车等等)和因动力电池装载重量导致的碳排放的信息。
相应的，参照图2，图2为本发明实施例还提供了一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定装置的结构示意图，包括范围设定单元101、边界确定单元102和信息输出单元103；其中，
所述范围设定单元101设定退役动力电池的回收利用的总体工艺流动范围；所述总体工艺流动范围为由以下流程中的一个或多个组合所形成的范围：厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程、厂内化学处理流程、产品塑造流程和分配使用流程；
所述边界确定单元102用于根据所述总体工艺流动范围，结合与碳排放核算对应的评价需求，生成相应的边界；
所述信息输出单元103用于根据所述边界，输出与所述退役动力电池的回 收利用对应的单元流程与清单结构。
相比于现有技术，本发明实施例具有如下有益效果：
本发明提供了一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法和装置，所述界定方法包括：设定退役动力电池的回收利用的总体工艺流动范围；根据所述总体工艺流动范围，结合与碳排放核算对应的评价需求，生成相应的边界；根据所述边界，输出与所述退役动力电池的回收利用对应的单元流程与清单结构。本发明通过对碳排放核算边界的界定，相对于现有技术确定了一种清晰、规范的系统边界，提高了碳排放核算和对退役动力电池全生命周期评价的准确性，更加贴合实际应用情况。
实施例二：
根据本发明的一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法，还提供了一种实施例(实施例二)，包括了如下步骤：
步骤S1，设定退役动力电池的回收利用的总体工艺流动范围；
在本实施例中，所述总体工艺流动范围包括退役动力电池回收利用技术全生命周期的七个流程，即厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程、厂内化学处理流程、产品塑造流程和分配使用流程。
步骤S2，根据所述总体工艺流动范围，结合与碳排放核算对应的评价需求，生成相应的边界；
在本实施例中，由于是面向磷酸铁锂正极材料产品的评价需求，因此选定了第四边界，即包括厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程、厂内化学处理流程和产品塑造流程。该边界对应的目的在于利用回收的金属原材料制备磷酸铁锂正极材料产品。
步骤S3，根据所述边界，输出与所述退役动力电池的回收利用对应的单元流程与清单结构。
在本实施例中，所述边界范围内的运输过程仅包括厂外的运输范围，假设退役电池平均运输距离为500km，采用锡柴4110柴油车运输，该车型平均每百公里的耗油量为12-14升；所述废物处理过程包括对废液、废气与固废的处理， 混合、煅烧等过程会产生包含Li元素、CO
2、CO、氨气、硫化物、磷酸氢铵以及蔗糖等含碳有机物等主要以气体的形式排出，经过环保要求无害化处理后排放，废水采用第三方服务采购的形式。
同时还需要考虑废旧电池的厂内物理处理流程，例如放电、热处理、破碎、分选、机械拆分等工艺流程的设备信息，每功能单位的物料、能源投入产出数据等。以及所述厂内化学处理流程包括的浸出、化学净化、萃取净化、结晶、配液、反应、过滤洗涤、干燥、异物分离、高温煅烧等程序的设备信息，每功能单位的物料、能源投入产出数据等；
经统计，平均每kWh的废旧三元锂电池回收利用，需要投入的物料包括：
经统计，平均每kWh的废旧三元锂电池回收利用，需要投入的能源为0.0186kWh的电力以及12kg的蒸汽。
经统计，平均每kWh的废旧三元锂电池回收利用，产生的排放清单如下表所示：
相比于现有技术，本发明实施例具有如下有益效果：
本发明实施例提供了一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法，所述界定方法包括：设定退役动力电池的回收利用的总体工艺流动范围；根据所述总体工艺流动范围，结合与碳排放核算对应的评价需求，生成相应的边界；根据所述边界，输出与所述退役动力电池的回收利用对应的单元流程与清单结构。本发明通过对碳排放核算边界的界定，相对于现有技术确定了一种清晰、规范的系统边界，提高了碳排放核算和对退役动力电池全生命周期评价的准确性，更加贴合实际应用情况。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步的详细说明，应当理解，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围。特别指出，对于本领域技术人员来说，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
- 一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法，其特征在于，包括：设定退役动力电池的回收利用的总体工艺流动范围；根据所述总体工艺流动范围，结合与碳排放核算对应的评价需求，生成相应的边界；根据所述边界，输出与所述退役动力电池的回收利用对应的单元流程与清单结构。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法，其特征在于，所述总体工艺流动范围为由以下流程中的一个或多个组合所形成的范围：厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程、厂内化学处理流程、产品塑造流程和分配使用流程。
- 如权利要求2所述的一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述总体工艺流动范围，结合与碳排放核算对应的评价需求，生成相应的边界，具体为：当与碳排放核算对应的评价需求为仅需废物处理时，结合所述总体工艺流动范围中的厂前处理流程、运输流程和废物处理流程，生成与所述评价需求对应的第一边界；当与碳排放核算对应的评价需求为获取铜铝金属、获取塑料外壳或为化学提取准备原料时，结合所述总体工艺流动范围中的厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程和厂内物理处理流程，生成与所述评价需求对应的第二边界；当与碳排放核算对应的评价需求为回收金属元素、为制备前驱体提供原材料或为制备正极材料提供原材料时，结合所述总体工艺流动范围中的厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程和厂内化学处理流程，生成与所述评价需求对应的第三边界；当与碳排放核算对应的评价需求为制造再生电池时，结合所述总体工艺流动范围中的厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程、厂 内化学处理流程和产品塑造流程，生成与所述评价需求对应的第四边界；当与碳排放核算对应的评价需求为制造再生电池且投入市场时，结合所述总体工艺流动范围中的厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程、厂内化学处理流程、产品塑造流程和分配使用流程，生成与所述评价需求对应的第五边界。
- 如权利要求3所述的一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述边界，输出与所述退役动力电池的回收利用对应的单元流程与清单结构，具体为：当所述边界为第一边界时，输出第一运输流程信息和废物处理流程信息；当所述边界为第二边界时，输出第二运输流程信息、第二废物处理流程信息和第二厂内物理处理流程信息；当所述边界为第三边界时，输出第三运输流程信息、第三废物处理流程信息、第三厂内物理处理流程信息和第三厂内化学处理流程信息；当所述边界为第四边界时，输出第四运输流程信息、第四废物处理流程信息、第四厂内物理处理流程信息、第四厂内化学处理流程信息和第四产品塑造流程信息；当所述边界为第五边界时，输出第五运输流程信息、第五废物处理流程信息、第五厂内物理处理流程信息、第五厂内化学处理流程信息、第五产品塑造流程信息和第五分配使用流程信息。
- 如权利要求4所述的一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法，其特征在于，所述退役动力电池对应的运输流程信息包括厂内厂外运输范围、运输工具、燃料类型和百公里油耗；所述退役动力电池对应的废物处理流程信息包括废物的处理方式、对废物的回收利用方式、对废物的规范化排放方式以及所需设备的参数信息和投入产出物流信息。
- 如权利要求4所述的一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法，其特征在于，所述退役动力电池对应的厂内物理处理流程信息包括放电、热处理、破碎、分选、机械拆分工艺流程的设备信息、每个第一功能单位的物 料和第一能源投入产出数据。
- 如权利要求4所述的一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法，其特征在于，所述退役动力电池对应的厂内化学处理流程信息包括浸出、化学净化、萃取净化、结晶、配液、反应、过滤洗涤、干燥、异物分离、煅烧过程所需设备的信息、每个第二功能单位的物料和第二能源投入产出数据。
- 如权利要求4所述的一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法，其特征在于，所述退役动力电池对应的产品塑造流程信息包括产品的包装材料、打包材料以及造粒的程序信息。
- 如权利要求4所述的一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定方法，其特征在于，所述退役动力电池对应的分配使用流程信息包括产品的分配使用物流信息和因动力电池装载重量导致的碳排放的信息。
- 一种动力电池回收利用碳排放核算边界的界定装置，其特征在于，包括范围设定单元、边界确定单元和信息输出单元；其中，所述范围设定单元设定退役动力电池的回收利用的总体工艺流动范围；所述总体工艺流动范围为由以下流程中的一个或多个组合所形成的范围：厂前处理流程、运输流程、废物处理流程、厂内物理处理流程、厂内化学处理流程、产品塑造流程和分配使用流程；所述边界确定单元用于根据所述总体工艺流动范围，结合与碳排放核算对应的评价需求，生成相应的边界；所述信息输出单元用于根据所述边界，输出与所述退役动力电池的回收利用对应的单元流程与清单结构。
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