WO2023070797A1 - 一种复合滑动轴承 - Google Patents

一种复合滑动轴承 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023070797A1
WO2023070797A1 PCT/CN2021/132709 CN2021132709W WO2023070797A1 WO 2023070797 A1 WO2023070797 A1 WO 2023070797A1 CN 2021132709 W CN2021132709 W CN 2021132709W WO 2023070797 A1 WO2023070797 A1 WO 2023070797A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ring
friction
coating
outer ring
spherical surface
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PCT/CN2021/132709
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English (en)
French (fr)
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朱伟
徐金峰
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江苏希西维轴承有限公司
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Publication of WO2023070797A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023070797A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C23/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for aligning or positioning
    • F16C23/02—Sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C23/04—Sliding-contact bearings self-adjusting
    • F16C23/043—Sliding-contact bearings self-adjusting with spherical surfaces, e.g. spherical plain bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1095—Construction relative to lubrication with solids as lubricant, e.g. dry coatings, powder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/74—Sealings of sliding-contact bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/43—Aeroplanes; Helicopters

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of machinery, and in particular relates to a composite sliding bearing with impact resistance, high corrosion resistance and long service life.
  • the composite sliding bearing When the composite sliding bearing is used, it needs to have the following characteristics: (1) impact resistance, due to the high-speed use environment of the bearing, the product should have the characteristics of high toughness, impact resistance, and high wear resistance; (2) strong corrosion resistance, Bearings are installed in multiple positions exposed, with variable temperature and high humidity.
  • the present invention provides a composite sliding bearing with high impact resistance, high corrosion resistance and long service life, so as to meet various requirements of the composite sliding bearing under special working conditions.
  • the present invention achieves the above-mentioned technical purpose through the following technical means.
  • a composite sliding bearing including a sealing groove respectively provided on both sides of the outer ring, a sealing ring is installed in the sealing groove; a ball filling gap is provided on the end surface of one side of the outer ring, and the inner ring is installed through the ball filling gap
  • the outer ring is equipped with a sealing sheet on the ball filling gap;
  • the outer ring and the inner ring form a spherical friction pair, and the spherical friction pair adopts a self-lubricating method or an oil-lubricating method;
  • the outer diameter of the outer ring and the inner diameter of the inner ring are designed for friction reduction; the friction reduction design includes self-lubricating friction reduction, oil lubrication friction reduction, coating friction reduction, oil lubrication friction reduction + coating friction reduction.
  • the oil lubrication method is to design oil grooves and oil holes on the outer ring or the inner ring, or to design oil grooves and oil holes on the outer ring and the inner ring at the same time.
  • the oil groove is one circumferential groove or multiple circumferential grooves.
  • the oil groove further includes one axial groove or multiple axial grooves.
  • the oil groove is a cross groove
  • the cross groove includes an 8-shaped groove, a cross groove or a grid groove.
  • anti-friction coating or wear-resistant coating is added to the outer spherical surface of the inner ring, or an anti-friction coating or wear-resistant coating is added to the inner spherical surface of the outer ring, or the outer spherical surface of the inner ring and the inner spherical surface of the outer ring are simultaneously added with anti-friction coating.
  • friction coating, or wear-resistant coating is added to the outer spherical surface of the inner ring and the inner spherical surface of the outer ring at the same time, or a wear-resistant coating is added to the outer spherical surface of the inner ring and an anti-friction coating is added to the inner spherical surface of the outer ring, or an anti-friction coating is added to the outer spherical surface of the inner ring At the same time, a wear-resistant coating is added to the inner spherical surface of the outer ring.
  • the anti-friction coating includes a coating containing sulfide, PTFE, graphite, and calcium fluoride
  • the wear-resistant coating includes a chrome-plated layer or a carbon film coating or a ceramic coating.
  • the oil lubrication method is: adding anti-friction coating or wear-resistant coating to the outer spherical surface of the inner ring, or adding an anti-friction coating or wear-resistant coating to the inner spherical surface of the outer ring, or adding an anti-friction coating or wear-resistant coating to the outer spherical surface of the inner ring and Add anti-friction coating to the inner spherical surface of the outer ring at the same time, or add wear-resistant coating to the outer spherical surface of the inner ring and the inner spherical surface of the outer ring at the same time, or add wear-resistant coating to the outer spherical surface of the inner ring and add anti-friction coating to the inner spherical surface of the outer ring or inner An anti-friction coating is added to the outer spherical surface of the outer ring while a wear-resistant coating is added to the inner spherical surface of the outer ring
  • the self-lubricating method is to add a self-lubricating material on the inner spherical surface of the outer ring, and the self-lubricating material is fabric or bushing or FR soft belt or plastic or resin or embedded self-lubricating composite material.
  • a wear-resistant coating is added to the outer spherical surface of the inner ring, and the wear-resistant coating includes a chrome-plated layer or a carbon film coating or a ceramic coating.
  • the self-lubricating anti-friction is to press-fit or paste a self-lubricating material on the surface of the outer diameter of the outer ring or the inner diameter of the inner ring, and the self-lubricating material is fabric or bushing or FR soft belt or plastic or resin or Mosaic self-lubricating composite material.
  • the outer diameter surface of the outer ring or the inner diameter surface of the inner ring has a rib or an external retaining ring.
  • the self-lubricating material is designed as a single flange structure or a double flange structure.
  • the friction reduction of the coating is by adding an anti-friction coating on the surface of the outer diameter of the outer ring or the inner diameter of the inner ring;
  • the anti-friction coating includes coatings containing sulfide, PTFE, graphite, and calcium fluoride. layer.
  • the shape of the sealing ring and the sealing sheet is an O-shaped sealing ring, a lip-shaped sealing ring or a sheet-shaped sealing ring, and the cross-sectional shape of the lip-shaped sealing ring includes Y-shape, V-shape, U-shape, L-shape shape, S shape, frame type.
  • connection structure is designed on one end surface of the outer ring.
  • the combination of the outer ring and the inner ring can be replaced by: the inner ring has a double-split structure, the outer ring has a double-split structure, the outer ring has a slotted assembly structure, or the inner and outer rings have an integral structure.
  • the end face of one side of the outer ring is provided with a ball-filling gap, and the inner ring is loaded into the outer ring through the ball-filling gap to ensure that the inner ring is an integral structure and improve the impact resistance of the bearing; the present invention can also select the outer ring as The double-split structure, the double-split inner ring structure, the slit assembly structure of the outer ring, and the plastic deformation of the overall structure of the inner and outer rings are combined.
  • the design is diverse and can meet various customer needs; in addition, the spherical surface of the bearing of the present invention
  • the friction pair oil lubrication method can choose anti-friction coating or wear-resistant coating, and the anti-friction coating of the inner and outer rings can choose anti-friction coating, which can reduce the hardness of the matrix and improve the overall impact resistance of the bearing.
  • the exposed surface of the bearing (such as the end face of the outer ring, the connection structure, and the end face of the inner ring) can be nickel-plated, zinc-nickel alloy plated, cadmium-plated, galvanized, chrome-plated, painted, electrophoretic paint, sprayed, Phosphating, blackening, passivation and other treatment methods can enhance the corrosion resistance of the bearing.
  • the present invention is respectively provided with a sealing groove on both sides of the outer ring, a sealing ring is installed in the sealing groove, a ball filling gap is provided on the end surface of one side of the outer ring, and a sealing sheet is installed on the ball charging gap, by setting the sealing ring,
  • the sealing sheet can prevent external impurities from entering the working area and prolong the service life of the bearing;
  • the oil groove in the oil lubrication of the present invention is designed in various shapes, which can ensure sufficient lubrication and prolong the service life; in addition, the inner and outer rings can be designed to reduce friction according to needs, Guarantees long life of customer mount holes and mounting mandrels.
  • Fig. 1 is the front view of composite sliding bearing of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the composite sliding bearing of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer ring of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner ring of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is the first structure schematic diagram of the oil tank of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is the second structure schematic diagram of the oil tank of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the third structure of the oil tank of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the fourth structure of the oil tank according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the fifth structure of the oil tank according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the pasted self-lubricating material of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the base with its own ribs according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a single flange structure adopted by the self-lubricating material of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a double flange structure used in the self-lubricating material of the present invention.
  • a composite sliding bearing of the present invention includes an outer ring 1, an inner ring 2, a sealing ring 4A and a sealing sheet 4B, the inner spherical surface 101 of the outer ring 1 and the outer surface of the inner ring 2
  • the spherical surfaces 201 are in contact to form a pair of spherical friction pairs, which can realize the functions of swing and rotation;
  • a sealing groove 106 is respectively provided on both sides of the outer ring 1, and a sealing ring 4A is installed in each sealing groove 106;
  • One side or both sides of the outer ring 1 can be provided with a connection structure 104 according to actual needs, which is used to connect with the mounting seat hole to prevent the bearing outer ring 1 from creeping or falling off relative to the mounting seat hole.
  • the fitting method in the present invention can also be a double-split structure for the outer ring, a double-split structure for the inner ring, a slit assembly structure for the outer ring, and a slit assembly structure for the inner and outer rings.
  • the assembly method of the outer ring is designed with a ball filling gap, which is easy to assemble. After assembly, the inner and outer rings have better contact and higher strength.
  • the ball loading hole can be designed to avoid the bearing area according to the customer's specific radial and axial bearing methods, that is, it will not be significantly reduced.
  • the bearing capacity is easy to assemble at the same time; the outer ring double split and the inner ring double split are aimed at the environment where the ball hole cannot be designed due to the design space or the environment with relatively high load bearing requirements. These two methods can be used in the The subdivided area is filled with the diaphragm to avoid friction and misalignment between the double half rings; for products with a low expansion ratio, the outer ring slit assembly method can be used; for high bearing capacity, high torque, and contact area Products with high requirements can be assembled by plastic deformation of the overall structure.
  • the exposed surface of the bearing (such as the end face of the outer ring 103, the connecting structure 104, and the end face of the inner ring 203) can be nickel-plated, zinc-nickel alloy plated, cadmium-plated, galvanized, chrome-plated, painted, electrophoresis Paint, plastic spraying, phosphating, blackening, passivation and other treatment methods to enhance corrosion resistance.
  • a connecting structure 104 can be designed on one end surface of the outer ring 1 as required.
  • the connecting structure 104 of the outer ring 1 can be designed as a flange or the like. After the outer ring 1 is installed in the mounting hole, the connecting structure 104 and the mounting part are locked to avoid relative creep or falling off between the outer ring and the seat hole.
  • the sealing groove 106 of the outer ring 1 is designed on the outer diameter surface of the outer ring or the end face 103 of the outer ring or the stepped surface 105 of the outer ring according to the specific conditions.
  • the sealing ring 4A is in close contact with the inner ring 1 to prevent dust, muddy water, fine sand particles, wet Air enters the working area to achieve high protection function.
  • the shape of the sealing ring 4A and the sealing sheet 4B can be an O-shaped sealing ring, a lip-shaped sealing ring or a sheet-shaped sealing ring, and the lip-shaped sealing ring can be divided into Y-shaped, V-shaped, U-shaped, L-shaped, S type, frame type, etc.
  • the spherical friction pair of the bearing adopts two methods of self-lubrication and oil lubrication.
  • Oil lubrication method The lubricating medium of oil lubrication is lubricating oil or grease.
  • oil grooves 108 and oil holes 107 are lubricating oil or grease.
  • oil grooves and oil holes can be designed only on the outer ring or inner ring, or on the outer ring and inner ring at the same time
  • a circumferential groove can be designed on the inner spherical surface 101 and outer spherical surface 201 ( Figure 5) or multiple circumferential grooves, one or more axial grooves can also be designed on the basis of the circumferential grooves ( Figure 6), or directly design cross grooves (such as 8-shaped grooves ( Figure 7) , cross groove ( Figure 8), Tianzi grid groove
  • the self-lubricating material can be fabric or bushing or FR soft belt or plastic or resin. It can also be an inlaid self-lubricating composite material.
  • the outer spherical surface of the inner ring can increase the wear resistance in the oil lubrication method coating to increase working life. While using the wear-resistant coating, the hardness of the substrate can be appropriately reduced, so that it has better impact resistance while having wear resistance.
  • the outer diameter 102 of the outer ring 1 and the inner diameter 202 of the inner ring 2 can be designed to reduce friction according to needs. Friction, oil lubrication antifriction + coating antifriction, the outer diameter 102 of the outer ring 1 and the inner diameter 202 of the inner ring 2 can be selected from the above four antifriction designs, and there is no restriction on the selection methods.
  • Oil lubrication and anti-friction oil grooves and oil holes can be designed on the outer diameter 102 of the outer ring 1 and the inner diameter 202 of the inner ring 2, so that the lubricating medium can be fully lubricated; the shape of the oil groove can be selected from one of the oil lubrication methods ;
  • Self-lubrication and friction reduction self-lubricating materials can be pressed or pasted on the surface of the outer diameter 102 of the outer ring 1 or the inner diameter 202 of the inner ring 2 (Figure 10, Figure 1 shows that the surface of the inner diameter 202 of the inner ring 2 is press-fitted Or paste self-lubricating material 3) to reduce friction.
  • the self-lubricating material can be fabric or bushing or FR soft belt or plastic or resin, or it can be an inlaid self-lubricating composite material; the connection between the self-lubricating material and the matrix is press-fitted Or bonding, etc., can prevent the self-lubricating material from moving or falling off relative to the substrate (the outer diameter surface of the outer ring or the inner diameter surface of the inner ring); the self-lubricating material can be prevented by self-lubricating Material movement, self-lubricating materials can also be designed as a single flange as shown in Figure 12 or a double flange structure as shown in Figure 13; (3) increase the coating to reduce friction: through the outer diameter 102 of the outer ring 1 or the inner diameter 202 of the inner ring 2 An anti-friction coating is added to the surface (see anti-friction coating in the oil lubrication method) to prolong the service life of the mounting hole and the mandrel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种复合滑动轴承，外圈两侧分别设有密封槽，密封槽内安装有密封圈；外圈一侧端面设有装球缺口，内圈通过装球缺口装入外圈，装球缺口上安装有密封片；外圈和内圈构成球面摩擦副，球面摩擦副采用自润滑方式或油润滑方式，外圈内球面和内圈外球面可增加减摩涂层或耐磨涂层的方式来增加使用寿命，使用耐磨涂层的同时可以适当降低基体硬度来提高产品的耐冲击性能；外圈的外径和内圈的内径可进行减摩设计，来保护安装座孔和安装芯轴，减摩设计包括自润滑减摩、油润滑减摩、涂层减摩、油润滑减摩+涂层减摩；密封圈和密封片设置，能够避免外界杂质进入工作区域，延长轴承的使用寿命。

Description

一种复合滑动轴承 技术领域
本发明属于机械技术领域，具体涉及一种耐冲击、高耐腐蚀、长寿命的复合滑动轴承。
背景技术
复合滑动轴承在使用时，需要具有以下几项特性：(1)耐冲击，由于轴承的高速度使用环境，产品应具有高韧性、耐冲击、高耐磨的特性；(2)强耐腐蚀，轴承安装多位置裸露，温度多变，湿度较大，需要适应恶劣的环境和多变的气候，对轴承的耐腐蚀能力要求非常高；(3)高防护性，由于使用环境多处于户外和野外环境，会有灰尘、盐水、细砂颗粒、油污等杂物进入功能区域导致轴承失效，所以轴承一定要有很高的防护性；(4)长寿命，特殊工作环境导致了不能频繁维护，这就需要轴承具有长寿命的性能；(5)配套件保护功能，由于和轴承安装的其他配件多是成本较高的零件，更换成本较高，所以特种轴承应具有保护配套件的功能；(6)防脱落，为了防止外圈和安装座孔脱落或者跟转，需要设置防打滑装置。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种耐冲击、高耐腐蚀、长寿命的复合滑动轴承，以满足特殊工况对复合滑动轴承的各项需求。
本发明是通过以下技术手段实现上述技术目的的。
一种复合滑动轴承，包括在外圈两侧分别设有的一个密封槽，所述密封槽内安装有密封圈；所述外圈一侧端面设有装球缺口，内圈通过装球缺口装入外圈，装球缺口上安装有密封片；
所述外圈和内圈构成球面摩擦副，所述球面摩擦副采用自润滑方式或油润滑方式；
所述外圈的外径和内圈的内径进行减摩设计；所述减摩设计包括自润滑减摩、油润滑减摩、涂层减摩、油润滑减摩+涂层减摩。
上述技术方案中，所述油润滑方式是在外圈或内圈上设计油槽和油孔，或者在外圈和内圈上同时设计油槽和油孔。
上述技术方案中，所述油槽为一道周向槽或者多道周向槽。
上述技术方案中，所述油槽还包括一道轴向槽或多道轴向槽。
上述技术方案中，所述油槽为交叉槽，所述交叉槽包括8字槽、十字交叉槽或田字网格槽。
上述技术方案中，在内圈外球面增加减摩涂层或耐磨涂层，或者在外圈内球面增加减摩 涂层或耐磨涂层，或者内圈外球面和外圈内球面同时增加减摩涂层，或者内圈外球面和外圈内球面同时增加耐磨涂层，或者内圈外球面增加耐磨涂层同时外圈内球面增加减摩涂层或者内圈外球面增加减摩涂层同时外圈内球面增加耐磨涂层。
上述技术方案中，所述减摩涂层包括含有硫化物、PTFE、石墨、氟化钙的涂层，所述耐磨涂层包括镀铬层或者碳膜涂层或陶瓷涂层。
上述技术方案中，所述油润滑方式是：在内圈外球面增加减摩涂层或耐磨涂层，或者在外圈内球面增加减摩涂层或耐磨涂层，或者内圈外球面和外圈内球面同时增加减摩涂层，或者内圈外球面和外圈内球面同时增加耐磨涂层，或者内圈外球面增加耐磨涂层同时外圈内球面增加减摩涂层或者内圈外球面增加减摩涂层同时外圈内球面增加耐磨涂层。
上述技术方案中，所述自润滑方式是在外圈内球面表面增加自润滑材料，所述自润滑材料为织物或轴套或FR软带或塑料或树脂或镶嵌式自润滑复合材料。
上述技术方案中，所述内圈外球面增加耐磨涂层，所述耐磨涂层包括镀铬层或者碳膜涂层或陶瓷涂层。
上述技术方案中，所述自润滑减摩是在外圈的外径或内圈的内径表面压装或粘贴自润滑材料，所述自润滑材料为织物或轴套或FR软带或塑料或树脂或镶嵌式自润滑复合材料。
上述技术方案中，外圈外径面或内圈内径面上自带挡边或者外加挡圈。
上述技术方案中，所述自润滑材料设计成单法兰结构或双法兰结构。
上述技术方案中，所述涂层减摩是通过在外圈的外径或内圈的内径表面增加减摩涂层；所述减摩涂层包括含有硫化物、PTFE、石墨、氟化钙的涂层。
上述技术方案中，所述密封圈和密封片的形状为O型密封圈、唇形密封圈或片形密封圈，所述唇形密封圈的截面形状包括Y形、V形、U形、L形、S型、框型。
上述技术方案中，所述外圈的一端面上设计有连接结构。
上述技术方案中，外圈与内圈的合套方式，能替换为：内圈为双剖分结构或外圈为双剖分结构或外圈开缝装配结构或内外圈整体结构。
本发明的有益效果为：
(1)本发明中外圈一侧端面设有装球缺口，内圈通过装球缺口装入外圈，保证内圈为整体结构，提高了轴承的耐冲击性；本发明还可以选用外圈为双剖分结构、内圈为双剖分结构、外圈开缝装配结构、内外圈整体结构塑性变形等方式进行合套，设计多样性，可以满足多种客户需求；另外，本发明轴承的球面摩擦副油润滑方式可以选择减摩涂层或耐磨涂层，内外圈的减摩设计可以选择减摩涂层，能够降低基体的硬度，提高轴承整体的耐冲击性。
(2)本发明将轴承裸露在外的表面(如外圈端面、连接结构、内圈端面)可以采用镀镍、 镀锌镍合金、镀镉、镀锌、镀铬、喷漆、电泳漆、喷塑、磷化、发黑、钝化等处理方式，加强轴承的抗腐蚀性。
(3)本发明在外圈两侧分别设有的一个密封槽，密封槽内安装有密封圈，外圈一侧端面设有装球缺口，装球缺口上安装有密封片，通过设置密封圈、密封片，能够避免外界杂质进入工作区域，延长轴承的使用寿命；本发明中油润滑中油槽设计有多种形状，能够保证润滑充分，延长使用寿命；另外，内外圈可根据需要进行减摩设计，保证客户安装座孔和安装芯轴的长寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述复合滑动轴承的正视图；
图2为本发明所述复合滑动轴承的剖视图；
图3为本发明所述外圈结构示意图；
图4为本发明所述内圈结构示意图；
图5为本发明所述油槽第一种结构示意图；
图6为本发明所述油槽第二种结构示意图；
图7为本发明所述油槽第三种结构示意图；
图8为本发明所述油槽第四种结构示意图；
图9为本发明所述油槽第五种结构示意图；
图10为本发明所述粘贴的自润滑材料示意图；
图11为本发明所述基体自带挡边示意图；
图12为本发明所述自润滑材料采用的单法兰结构示意图；
图13为本发明所述自润滑材料采用的双法兰结构示意图。
图中：1-外圈，2-内圈，3-自润滑材料，4A-密封圈，4B-密封片，101-内球面，102-外径，103-外圈端面，104-连接结构，105-台阶面，106-密封槽，107-油孔，108-油槽，109-装球缺口，201-外球面，202-内径，203-内圈端面。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
如图1、2、3、4所示，本发明一种复合滑动轴承，包括外圈1、内圈2、密封圈4A和密封片4B，外圈1的内球面101与内圈2的外球面201接触，构成一对球面摩擦副，可以实现摆动和旋转功能；外圈1两侧分别设有一个密封槽106，每个密封槽106内装有一个密封 圈4A；外圈1一侧端面设有装球缺口109，内圈2通过装球缺口109装入外圈1，装球缺口109上安装有密封片4B。外圈1的一侧或两侧端面根据实际需求，可设有连接结构104，用于跟安装座孔进行连接，防止轴承外圈1相对安装座孔蠕动或脱落。
本发明中的合套方式除了采用外圈1设有装球缺口109的方式，也可选用外圈为双剖分结构、内圈为双剖分结构、外圈开缝装配结构、内外圈通过塑性变形加工成整体结构等方式。外圈设计装球缺口的装配方式装配简单，装配后内外圈接触更好、强度更高，可以根据客户的径向和轴向的具体承载方式避开承载区设计装球孔，即不明显降低承载能力的同时兼具易装配性；而外圈双剖分和内圈双剖分针对由于设计空间的原因无法设计装球孔的环境或者承载要求比较高的环境，这两种方式可以通过在剖分区域填充膜片的方式来避免双半圈之间的对磨和错位；对于撑开比不高的产品可以采用外圈开缝的装配方式；而对于承载能力高、高扭矩、接触面积要求高的产品可以采用整体结构塑性变形的装配方式。
为了进一步满足高耐腐蚀性，轴承裸露在外的表面(如外圈端面103、连接结构104、内圈端面203)可以采用镀镍、镀锌镍合金、镀镉、镀锌、镀铬、喷漆、电泳漆、喷塑、磷化、发黑、钝化等处理方式加强抗腐蚀性。
为了防止外圈1和安装座孔脱落或者跟转，可根据需要在外圈1的一端面上设计连接结构104。外圈1的连接结构104可设计为法兰等，外圈1装入安装座孔后，通过连接结构104和安装部件锁死，可以避免外圈和座孔之间的相对蠕动或脱落。
外圈1的密封槽106根据具体情况设计在外圈外径面或外圈端面103或外圈的台阶面105上，密封圈4A和内圈1紧密接触，防止灰尘、泥水、细砂颗粒、湿气进入工作区域内，达到高防护的功能。密封圈4A和密封片4B的形状可以为O型密封圈、唇形密封圈或片形密封圈，唇形密封圈根据截面的形状又可分为Y形、V形、U形、L形、S型、框型等。
轴承的球面摩擦副采用自润滑和油润滑两种方式。(1)油润滑方式：油润滑的润滑介质是润滑油或润滑脂，为了让润滑介质进入工作区域且充分润滑，需要对外圈、内圈设计油槽108和油孔107(内圈图中仅在外圈上画出油槽、油孔；油槽、油孔可只设计在外圈或内圈上，或同时设计外圈和内圈上)，可以在内球面101、外球面201上设计一道周向槽(图5)或者多道周向槽，还可以在周向槽的基础上再设计一道轴向槽或多道轴向槽(图6)，或者直接设计交叉槽(如8字槽(图7)、十字交叉槽(图8)、田字网格槽(图9)等槽型)进行润滑；内圈外球面和外圈内球面可增加减摩涂层或耐磨涂层以增加工作寿命(可以只有内圈外球面增加减摩涂层或耐磨涂层，也可以只有外圈内球面增加减摩涂层或耐磨涂层，还可以是：内圈外球面和外圈内球面同时增加减摩涂层、内圈外球面和外圈内球面同时增加耐磨涂层、内圈外球面增加耐磨涂层同时外圈内球面增加减摩涂层、内圈外球面增加减摩涂层同时外圈内 球面增加耐磨涂层)，减摩涂层包括含有硫化物(二硫化钼、二硫化钨等)、PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)、石墨、氟化钙等涂层，耐磨涂层有镀铬层或者碳膜涂层或陶瓷等；减摩涂层或耐磨涂层可在设计油槽油孔的内外圈上增加，或者单独使用；(2)自润滑方式：需要在外圈内球面表面增加一层自润滑材料，自润滑材料可以为织物或轴套或FR软带或塑料或树脂，还可以是镶嵌式自润滑复合材料，内圈外球面可增加油润滑方式中的耐磨涂层，以增加工作寿命。使用耐磨涂层的同时可以适当降低基体硬度，从而在具有耐磨性的同时具有更好的耐冲击性能。
为了保护安装座孔和安装芯轴，外圈1的外径102和内圈2的内径202可根据需要进行减摩设计，减摩设计分为自润滑减摩、油润滑减摩、涂层减摩、油润滑减摩+涂层减摩，外圈1的外径102和内圈2的内径202可以分别从上述4种减摩设计选择，选择方式上彼此没有约束。(1)油润滑减摩：可以在外圈1的外径102和内圈2的内径202设计油槽和油孔，以使润滑介质进行充分润滑；其中油槽形状可以选用油润滑方式中的某一种；(2)自润滑减摩：可在外圈1的外径102或内圈2的内径202表面压装或粘贴自润滑材料(图10，图1展示的是内圈2的内径202表面压装或粘贴自润滑材料3)进行减摩，自润滑材料可以为织物或轴套或FR软带或塑料或树脂，还可以是镶嵌式自润滑复合材料；自润滑材料和基体之间连接采用压装或粘接等方式，可以防止自润滑材料相对基体(外圈外径面或内圈内径面)移动或脱落；在基体上自带挡边(图11)或者外加挡圈的方式，防止自润滑材料移动，自润滑材料还可设计成如图12的单法兰或图13的双法兰结构；(3)增加涂层减摩：通过在外圈1的外径102或内圈2的内径202表面增加减摩涂层(参见油润滑方式中的减摩涂层)，以延长安装座孔和芯轴的使用寿命。
所述实施例为本发明的优选的实施方式，但本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下，本领域技术人员能够做出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，包括在外圈(1)两侧分别设有的一个密封槽(106)，所述密封槽(106)内安装有密封圈(4A)；所述外圈(1)一侧端面设有装球缺口(109)，内圈(2)通过装球缺口(109)装入外圈(1)，装球缺口(109)上安装有密封片(4B)；
    所述外圈(1)和内圈(2)构成球面摩擦副，所述球面摩擦副采用自润滑方式或油润滑方式；
    所述外圈(1)的外径(102)和内圈(2)的内径(202)进行减摩设计；所述减摩设计包括自润滑减摩、油润滑减摩、涂层减摩、油润滑减摩+涂层减摩。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述油润滑方式是在外圈或内圈上设计油槽和油孔，或者在外圈和内圈上同时设计油槽和油孔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述油槽为一道周向槽或者多道周向槽。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述油槽还包括一道轴向槽或多道轴向槽。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述油槽为交叉槽，所述交叉槽包括8字槽、十字交叉槽或田字网格槽。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，在内圈外球面增加减摩涂层或耐磨涂层，或者在外圈内球面增加减摩涂层或耐磨涂层，或者内圈外球面和外圈内球面同时增加减摩涂层，或者内圈外球面和外圈内球面同时增加耐磨涂层，或者内圈外球面增加耐磨涂层同时外圈内球面增加减摩涂层或者内圈外球面增加减摩涂层同时外圈内球面增加耐磨涂层。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述减摩涂层包括含有硫化物、PTFE、石墨、氟化钙的涂层，所述耐磨涂层包括镀铬层或者碳膜涂层或陶瓷涂层。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述油润滑方式是：在内圈外球面增加减摩涂层或耐磨涂层，或者在外圈内球面增加减摩涂层或耐磨涂层，或者内圈外球面和外圈内球面同时增加减摩涂层，或者内圈外球面和外圈内球面同时增加耐磨涂层，或者内圈外球面增加耐磨涂层同时外圈内球面增加减摩涂层或者内圈外球面增加减摩涂层同时外圈内球面增加耐磨涂层。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述自润滑方式是在外圈内球面表面增加自润滑材料，所述自润滑材料为织物或轴套或FR软带或塑料或树脂或镶嵌式自润滑复合材料。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述内圈外球面增加耐磨涂层，所述耐磨涂层包括镀铬层或者碳膜涂层或陶瓷涂层。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述自润滑减摩是在外圈(1)的外径(102)或内圈(2)的内径(202)表面压装或粘贴自润滑材料，所述自润滑材料为织物或轴套或FR软带或塑料或树脂或镶嵌式自润滑复合材料。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，外圈外径面或内圈内径面上自带挡边或者外加挡圈。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述自润滑材料设计成单法兰结构或双法兰结构。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述涂层减摩是通过在外圈(1)的外径(102)或内圈(2)的内径(202)表面增加减摩涂层；所述减摩涂层包括含有硫化物、PTFE、石墨、氟化钙的涂层。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述密封圈(4A)和密封片(4B)的形状为O型密封圈、唇形密封圈或片形密封圈，所述唇形密封圈的截面形状包括Y形、V形、U形、L形、S型、框型。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述外圈(1)的一端面上设计有连接结构(104)。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的复合滑动轴承，其特征在于，外圈(1)与内圈(2)的合套方式，能替换为：内圈为双剖分结构或外圈为双剖分结构或外圈开缝装配结构或内外圈整体结构。
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