WO2023070307A1 - 电池包和用电装置 - Google Patents

电池包和用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023070307A1
WO2023070307A1 PCT/CN2021/126372 CN2021126372W WO2023070307A1 WO 2023070307 A1 WO2023070307 A1 WO 2023070307A1 CN 2021126372 W CN2021126372 W CN 2021126372W WO 2023070307 A1 WO2023070307 A1 WO 2023070307A1
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Prior art keywords
battery cell
active material
battery
positive electrode
discharge voltage
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PCT/CN2021/126372
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许宝云
欧阳少聪
付成华
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/126372 priority Critical patent/WO2023070307A1/zh
Priority to KR1020227037375A priority patent/KR102530204B1/ko
Priority to CN202180089298.6A priority patent/CN116783753A/zh
Priority to JP2022568960A priority patent/JP7495525B2/ja
Priority to EP21936244.9A priority patent/EP4199196A4/en
Priority to US17/969,120 priority patent/US11811054B2/en
Publication of WO2023070307A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023070307A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4264—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing with capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of lithium-ion batteries, in particular to a battery pack with high energy retention rate at low temperature and an electric device including the battery pack.
  • lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in energy storage power systems such as water power, fire power, wind power and solar power stations, as well as power tools, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, military equipment , aerospace and other fields.
  • Lithium-ion secondary battery cells used in battery packs mainly include ternary batteries such as nickel-cobalt lithium manganese oxide batteries or nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium manganese oxide batteries, lithium cobalt oxide batteries, and lithium titanate batteries. Batteries, manganese dioxide batteries, etc.
  • the present application has been made in view of the above-mentioned technical problems, and an object thereof is to provide a battery pack composed of a lithium-ion secondary battery having an excellent energy retention rate at low temperature and an improved battery life at low temperature, and a battery pack including the same. Electrical installations.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a battery pack, which includes a battery pack case and battery cells accommodated in the battery pack case, the inner space of the battery pack case is defined by the first A region and a second region, the first battery cell is arranged in the first region, the second battery cell is arranged in the second region, and the second battery cell surrounds the first battery cell Arranging around the battery cells, the first battery cell and the second battery cell each have a first discharge voltage platform and a second discharge voltage platform, and the average discharge voltage of the first discharge voltage platform is higher than The average discharge voltage of the second discharge voltage platform, in each of the first battery cell and the second battery cell, when the discharge capacity corresponding to the first discharge voltage platform and the second discharge voltage When the sum of the discharge capacities corresponding to the platforms is 100%, the proportion of the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform of the second battery cell is greater than that corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform of the first battery cell of discharge capacity.
  • the present application improves the energy retention rate of the battery pack as a whole at low temperatures by providing battery cells with different discharge capabilities at low temperatures according to the temperature distribution in the battery pack.
  • low-temperature batteries with dual discharge voltage platforms a first discharge voltage platform with a higher discharge voltage and a second discharge voltage platform with a lower discharge voltage
  • Battery cells with different energy retention rates, and battery cells with higher low-temperature energy retention rates are arranged in areas with lower temperatures.
  • the battery cells with relatively high low-temperature performance are configured in the low-temperature area, which can make the cycle consistency of the battery cells in each area with different temperatures of the battery pack higher, and improve the overall performance of the battery pack. Low temperature energy retention rate, thereby improving the overall low temperature endurance of the battery pack.
  • the shape of the battery pack described in this application is arbitrary, and can be any shape designed according to customer requirements.
  • the difference between the lowest discharge voltage of the first discharge voltage platform and the highest discharge voltage of the second discharge voltage platform is 0.25-0.6V.
  • the discharge can continue to be performed using the second discharge voltage platform with a lower discharge voltage, which can increase the energy that each battery cell can release at low temperature, thereby improving The energy retention rate of the battery pack as a whole at low temperature.
  • the second The discharge capacity corresponding to the first discharge voltage platform accounts for 91.8%-99%, and the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform accounts for 1%-8.2%.
  • the performance of the first battery unit at low temperature can be improved.
  • the energy that can be released can improve the low-temperature energy retention rate of the battery pack as a whole.
  • the second battery cell when the sum of the discharge capacity corresponding to the first discharge voltage platform and the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform is 100%, the second The discharge capacity corresponding to the first discharge voltage platform accounts for 52.5%-96.8%, and the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform accounts for 3.2%-47.5%.
  • the performance of the second battery unit at low temperature can be improved.
  • the energy that can be released can further improve the low-temperature energy retention rate of the battery pack as a whole.
  • the positive electrode active material of the first battery cell and the second battery cell is composed of a first positive electrode active material having the first discharge voltage platform and a positive electrode active material having the second discharge voltage platform The second positive electrode active material is mixed.
  • the first battery cell and the second battery cell each have a first discharge voltage platform and a second discharge voltage platform with different discharge voltages, and can continue discharging after using the first discharge voltage platform with a higher discharge voltage. Discharging is performed using a second discharge voltage platform with a lower discharge voltage, thereby improving the low-temperature energy retention rates of the first battery cell and the second battery cell.
  • the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material are each independently selected from lithium nickelate, lithium cobaltate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate, lithium nickel cobalt aluminate, lithium iron phosphate, At least one of lithium manganate, lithium titanate and manganese dioxide.
  • the first positive active material and the second The two positive electrode active materials can be selected from various existing positive electrode active materials, so that the battery pack of the present application can be easily realized by using the existing positive electrode active materials.
  • the first positive electrode active material is lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide
  • the second positive electrode active material is lithium iron phosphate
  • the first positive electrode active material is lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide
  • the The second positive electrode active material is lithium manganate or lithium titanate, or, the first positive electrode active material is lithium iron phosphate, and the second positive electrode active material is lithium manganate or lithium titanate.
  • the voltage platform and specific energy are basically in the following order: nickel-cobalt lithium manganate > lithium iron phosphate > lithium manganate or lithium titanate. Therefore, relatively speaking, the order of energy density is: nickel-cobalt lithium manganate + iron phosphate Lithium > lithium nickel cobalt manganate + lithium manganate or lithium titanate > lithium iron phosphate + lithium manganate or lithium titanate. Correspondingly, in a module or battery pack of the same volume, the order of the cruising range of the above three systems is: nickel cobalt lithium manganese oxide + lithium iron phosphate system > nickel cobalt lithium manganate + lithium manganese oxide or lithium titanate > Lithium iron phosphate + lithium manganate or lithium titanate.
  • the nickel cobalt lithium manganese oxide + lithium iron phosphate system is more suitable for scenarios with higher mileage or higher output power requirements; Scenes with moderate output power; the lithium iron phosphate + lithium manganese oxide or lithium titanate system is more suitable for low-speed scooter and other scenarios where output power is not required.
  • the first positive electrode active material in the first battery cell and the second battery cell are the same and the type of the second positive electrode active material is the same, the first positive electrode active
  • the mass proportion of the material to the positive active material is in descending order of the first battery cell and the second battery cell, and the mass proportion of the second positive active material to the positive active material is in accordance with the order of the first battery cell
  • the sequence of the battery cell and the second battery cell is increasing.
  • the mass of the first positive active material accounts for 92.5%-97.5%
  • the mass of the second positive electrode active material accounts for 2.5%-7.5%.
  • the discharge capacity corresponding to the first discharge voltage plateau in the first battery cell can be made.
  • the energy that can be released by the first battery cell at low temperature can be increased, thereby improving the low-temperature energy retention rate of the battery pack as a whole.
  • the mass of the first positive electrode active material accounts for 50%-92.5%, and the mass of the second positive electrode active material accounts for 7.5%-50%.
  • the discharge capacity corresponding to the first discharge voltage plateau in the second battery cell can be made.
  • the proportions of the discharge capacities corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform are within the above-mentioned range, which can increase the energy released by the second battery cell at low temperature, thereby further improving the low-temperature energy retention rate of the battery pack as a whole.
  • the first positive electrode active material when the first positive electrode active material is lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, and the second positive electrode active material is lithium iron phosphate, the first battery cell and the second battery cell
  • the mass ratio of the second positive electrode active material is 1: (9-17); when the first positive electrode active material is lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, the second positive electrode active material is lithium titanate or manganic acid When lithium is used, the mass ratio of the second positive electrode active material in the first battery cell and the second battery cell is 1: (9-13); when the first positive electrode active material is phosphoric acid Lithium iron, when the second positive electrode active material is lithium titanate or lithium manganate, the mass ratio of the second positive electrode active material in the first battery cell to the second battery cell is 1 : (9-17).
  • the present invention applicable to different scenarios can be easily realized. Applied battery pack.
  • the discharge cut-off voltage of the first battery cell is 0-0.3V higher than the discharge cut-off voltage of the second battery cell, and the second battery cell The discharge cut-off voltage is above 1.6V.
  • the energy released by the first battery cell and the second battery cell at low temperature can be made approximately the same, thereby improving the performance of the battery. Energy retention of the package as a whole at low temperatures.
  • the sum of the number of the first battery cells and the number of the second battery cells is 100%, the number of the first battery cells accounts for 10-30%, and the number of the second battery cells accounts for The ratio is 70 to 90%.
  • the battery pack of the present application can be easily realized.
  • capacitors are arranged in the interstices of the different battery cells.
  • the gaps between the battery cells can be fully utilized to increase the volumetric energy density of the battery pack as a whole.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides an electric device, which includes the battery pack of the first aspect of the present application.
  • the electrical device has a strong battery life at low temperatures, and can be used normally for a long time even at low temperatures.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the structural components of the battery pack according to one embodiment of the present application shown in FIG. 1 , without the casing.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing constant current discharge curves of battery cells with a first discharge voltage platform and a second discharge voltage platform in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electrical device using a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application as a power source.
  • 1 battery pack 2 upper box; 3 lower box; g1, g2 gap; C11, C12 capacitor; BL1 first boundary line; BL2 second boundary line; R1 first area; R2 second area; 61 first battery single cell; 62 second battery cell.
  • ranges disclosed herein are defined in terms of lower and upper limits, and a given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit that define the boundaries of the particular range. Ranges defined in this manner may be inclusive or exclusive and may be combined arbitrarily, ie any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if ranges of 60-120 and 80-110 are listed for a particular parameter, it is understood that ranges of 60-110 and 80-120 are contemplated. Also, if the minimum range values 1 and 2 are listed, and the maximum range values 3, 4, and 5 are listed, the following ranges are all expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3 , 2-4 and 2-5.
  • the numerical range "a-b” represents an abbreviated representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers.
  • the numerical range "0-5" indicates that all real numbers between "0-5" have been listed in this article, and "0-5" is only an abbreviated representation of the combination of these values.
  • a certain parameter is an integer ⁇ 2
  • the method includes steps (a) and (b), which means that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed in sequence, and may also include steps (b) and (a) performed in sequence.
  • steps (a) and (b) performed in sequence
  • steps (b) and (a) performed in sequence.
  • step (c) means that step (c) may be added to the method in any order, for example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), also Steps (a), (c) and (b) may be included, and steps (c), (a) and (b) may also be included.
  • the “comprising” and “comprising” mentioned in this application mean open or closed.
  • the “comprising” and “comprising” may mean that other components not listed may be included or included, or only listed components may be included or included.
  • the term "or” is inclusive unless otherwise stated.
  • the phrase "A or B” means “A, B, or both A and B.” More specifically, the condition "A or B” is satisfied by either of the following: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists) ; or both A and B are true (or exist).
  • the inventor thought that by arranging battery cells with better low-temperature discharge performance in the lower temperature area of the battery pack, the energy released by the battery cells at different positions in the battery pack in a low-temperature environment can be roughly consistent, thereby making the battery The energy performance of the pack as a whole in a low-temperature environment is improved, thereby increasing the cruising range of an electrical device using the battery pack as a power source in a low-temperature environment.
  • the inventors have repeatedly conducted research, and found that by making the battery cells arranged in the lower temperature area have two discharge voltage platforms, after the discharge of the higher discharge voltage platform is completed, the lower temperature can continue to be used. Discharging on a specific discharge voltage platform can increase the discharge capacity of these battery cells, so that the discharge performance of these battery cells at low temperatures is better.
  • the discharge capacity corresponding to the lower discharge voltage platform accounts for The higher the proportion of the total discharge capacity corresponding to the high and low discharge voltage platforms, the better the low-temperature performance of the battery cell. In this way, the higher the proportion of the discharge capacity corresponding to the lower discharge voltage platform is used in the lower temperature area
  • the battery cells can make the energy exerted by the battery cells in various regions with different temperatures roughly the same at low temperatures, and can improve the energy retention rate of the battery pack as a whole at low temperatures, thereby improving the efficiency of using the battery pack as a power source. The battery life of electric vehicles and other electrical devices at low temperatures.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the structural components of the battery pack 1 shown in FIG. 1 without the casing.
  • the battery pack 1 of the present application includes a battery box and a plurality of battery cells ( 61 and 62 ) arranged in the battery box.
  • the battery box includes an upper box body 2 and a lower box body 3 , the upper box body 2 can cover the lower box body 3 and form a closed space (battery pack cavity) for accommodating multiple battery cells.
  • the internal space of the battery pack box is roughly rectangular, and the internal space of the battery pack box is composed of a first region R1 and a second region R2, wherein the first region R1 is formed by the first boundary line BL1
  • the substantially rectangular area surrounded is located at the center of the rectangular shape of the internal space of the battery pack case (for example, the length and width of the rectangular shape of the first region R1 may be respectively the length of the rectangular shape of the internal space of the battery pack case. and roughly half of the width)
  • the second region R2 is a roughly annular region between the first boundary line BL1 and the boundary line BL2, wherein the first boundary line BL1 and the second boundary line BL2 are for clearly showing A virtual line drawn for the first region R1 and the second region R2.
  • a first battery cell 61 is arranged in the first region R1
  • a second battery cell 62 is arranged in the second region R2
  • the second battery cell 62 surrounds the first Arranged around the battery cells 61
  • the first battery cells 61 and the second battery cells 62 each have a first discharge voltage platform and a second discharge voltage platform, and the average discharge of the first discharge voltage platform
  • the voltage is higher than the average discharge voltage of the second discharge voltage platform, in each of the first battery cell 61 and the second battery cell 62, when the discharge capacity corresponding to the first discharge voltage platform and the When the sum of the discharge capacities corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform is 100%, the proportion of the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform of the second battery cell 62 is greater than that of the first battery cell 61
  • the discharge capacity ratio corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform When placed in an external environment with the same temperature, in the battery pack 1 , the temperature of the second region R2 is lower than the temperature of the first region R1 .
  • discharge voltage platform is a part of the discharge curve where the discharge voltage is relatively stable. When discharging is performed on the discharge voltage platform, the discharge amount per unit time is relatively large.
  • the discharge curve represented by the dotted line has two discharge voltage platforms. After passing through point A, the discharge voltage drops sharply, and then tends to be stable after falling to point B, and continues to discharge using the discharge voltage platform (corresponding to the dual-platform battery cell).
  • the first discharge voltage platform that is, the high voltage discharge platform, that is, the first discharge voltage platform of the present application
  • the ratio of all the energy released by the high-voltage positive electrode active material to the current it is a balanced value, which can also be roughly regarded as the average voltage before point B
  • the point B after the end of the first voltage drop becomes the second discharge voltage platform (i.e. the low-voltage discharge platform, i.e. the second discharge voltage platform of the present application), which is reflected in the ratio of all the energy released by the low-voltage positive electrode active material to the current (it is a balanced value, which can also be roughly regarded as the value after point B) average voltage).
  • the low-temperature batteries with dual discharge voltage platforms are respectively arranged in areas with different temperatures in the inner space of the battery pack box.
  • the battery cells 61 and 62 with different energy retention rates are arranged, and the battery cells with higher low-temperature energy retention rates are arranged in the lower temperature region.
  • the temperature in the first region R1>the temperature in the second region R2 in this application, the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform of the second battery cell 62 occupies ratio>the proportion of the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform of the first battery cell 61 .
  • the battery cells in different positions in the battery pack have different heat dissipation capabilities. Generally, the closer to the outside of the battery cell, the stronger the heat dissipation capacity, that is, the faster the heat dissipation speed. The heat dissipation rate of the battery cells gradually decreases. On the contrary, as the battery goes from the inside of the battery pack to the outside of the battery pack, the heat preservation capacity of the battery cells gradually decreases.
  • the temperature of the battery cells in different areas of the battery pack is different, resulting in inconsistent charging and discharging performance: for example, in a low-temperature external environment, the heat dissipation speed of the inner battery cells is relatively slow, the temperature is relatively high, and the performance in a low-temperature external environment is relatively low.
  • the inventors of the present application have provided double discharge voltage platforms in the first region R1 and the second region R2 with different temperatures (that is, the first discharge voltage platform with relatively high discharge voltage and the relatively high discharge voltage platform).
  • the first battery cell 61 and the second battery cell 62 of the low second discharge voltage platform when the discharge of the first discharge voltage platform ends, the second discharge voltage platform can be used to continue discharging (that is, to realize the same battery single step discharge), thereby increasing the energy released by each battery cell in a low-temperature environment, thereby improving the low-temperature energy retention rate of the battery pack as a whole.
  • the present inventor further analyzed the proportion of the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform in each of the first battery cell 61 and the second battery cell 62 with dual discharge voltage platforms arranged in the regions R1 and R2 with different temperatures.
  • the relationship with the total energy retention rate of the battery pack at -20°C has been thoroughly studied.
  • the second battery cell 62 when the sum of the discharge capacity corresponding to the first discharge voltage platform and the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform is 100%, by making the second The proportion of discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform of the second battery unit 62 > the proportion of discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform of the first battery unit 61 can make the low-temperature energy retention rate of the second battery unit 62 >
  • the low-temperature energy retention rate of the first battery cell 61 is the energy that can be released by each battery cell 61, 62 arranged in each region R1, R2 of the battery pack at a different temperature at a low temperature (at low temperature Discharge capacity) is approximately the same, so that the overall low-temperature energy retention rate of the battery pack 1 (the total energy retention rate of the battery pack at -20° C.) can be improved, and the battery pack’s overall battery life at low temperature can be improved.
  • the battery cells located on the outer side of the plurality of battery cells may be in contact with the inner surface of the battery pack box (upper box 2, lower box 3), or may be in contact with the inner surface of the battery pack.
  • the structural members on the inner surface of the box are in contact.
  • gaps g1 and g2 are optionally formed between the outermost battery cells and the inner surface of the battery pack box, and various components of the battery pack can be placed in these gaps g1 and g2. Structure.
  • capacitors C11, C12, etc. can be optionally arranged to increase the energy density of the battery pack as a whole.
  • the difference between the lowest discharge voltage of the first discharge voltage platform and the highest discharge voltage of the second discharge voltage platform is 0.25- 0.6V.
  • the "lowest discharge voltage of the first discharge voltage platform” described in this application refers to the discharge voltage corresponding to point A
  • the “highest discharge voltage of the second discharge voltage platform” refers to the discharge voltage corresponding to point B. Voltage.
  • the energy output is low, resulting in low overall energy output of the battery pack; on the contrary, if the difference between the lowest discharge voltage of the first discharge voltage platform and the highest discharge voltage of the second discharge voltage platform is greater than 0.6V, it is equivalent to contributing the first If the quality of positive electrode active material on the discharge voltage platform is too much (the quality of the positive electrode active material contributing to the second discharge voltage platform is too small), then in a lower external temperature environment, the first discharge voltage platform cannot output energy prematurely and the second discharge voltage The energy output by the platform is limited, which leads to poor overall low-temperature energy retention of the battery pack.
  • the discharge capacity corresponding to the first discharge voltage platform accounts for 91.8%-99%
  • the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform accounts for 1%-8.2%.
  • the discharge capacity corresponding to the first discharge voltage platform accounts for 52.5%-96.8%
  • the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform accounts for 3.2%-47.5%.
  • the second battery unit 62 can be improved.
  • the energy that can be released at low temperature can further improve the overall low-temperature energy retention rate of the battery pack 1 .
  • the respective positive active materials of the first battery cell 61 and the second battery cell 62 are composed of the first positive active material having the first discharge voltage platform and the first positive active material having the second discharge voltage platform.
  • the second positive electrode active material of the voltage platform is mixed.
  • the first battery cell 61 and the second battery cell 62 each have a first discharge voltage platform and a second discharge voltage platform with different discharge voltages, and can be discharged after using the first discharge voltage platform with a higher discharge voltage. , continue to discharge using the second discharge voltage platform with a lower discharge voltage, so as to improve the respective low-temperature energy retention rates of the first battery cell 61 and the second battery cell 62 .
  • the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material are each independently selected from lithium nickelate, lithium cobaltate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate, lithium nickel cobalt aluminate, lithium iron phosphate, At least one of lithium manganate, lithium titanate and manganese dioxide.
  • the first positive active material and the second positive active material can be selected from various existing positive electrode active materials, so that the battery pack of the present application can be easily realized by using the existing positive electrode active materials.
  • the first positive electrode active material is lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide
  • the second positive electrode active material is lithium iron phosphate
  • the first positive electrode active material is lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide
  • the The second positive electrode active material is lithium manganate or lithium titanate, or, the first positive electrode active material is lithium iron phosphate, and the second positive electrode active material is lithium manganate or lithium titanate.
  • the voltage platform and specific energy are basically in the following order: nickel-cobalt lithium manganate > lithium iron phosphate > lithium manganate or lithium titanate. Therefore, relatively speaking, the order of energy density is: nickel-cobalt lithium manganate + iron phosphate Lithium > lithium nickel cobalt manganate + lithium manganate or lithium titanate > lithium iron phosphate + lithium manganate or lithium titanate. Correspondingly, in a module or battery pack of the same volume, the order of the cruising range of the above three systems is: nickel cobalt lithium manganese oxide + lithium iron phosphate system > nickel cobalt lithium manganate + lithium manganese oxide or lithium titanate > Lithium iron phosphate + lithium manganate or lithium titanate.
  • the nickel cobalt lithium manganese oxide + lithium iron phosphate system is more suitable for scenarios with higher mileage or higher output power requirements; Scenes with moderate output power; the lithium iron phosphate + lithium manganese oxide or lithium titanate system is more suitable for low-speed scooter and other scenarios where output power is not required.
  • the first positive electrode active material in the first battery cell 61 and the second battery cell 62 are of the same type and the second positive electrode active material is of the same type
  • the first The mass ratio of the positive electrode active material to the positive electrode active material decreases in the order of the first battery cell 61 and the second battery cell 62
  • the mass ratio of the second positive electrode active material to the positive electrode active material follows the order of the first battery cell 61 and the second battery cell 62.
  • the order of the first battery cell 61 and the second battery cell 62 is increasing.
  • the proportion can make the low-temperature energy retention rate of the second battery cell 62>the low-temperature energy retention rate of the first battery cell 61, and can make the energy released by the first battery cell 61 and the second battery cell 62 at low temperature roughly consistent, thereby improving the energy retention rate of the battery pack 1 as a whole at low temperatures.
  • the mass of the first positive active material accounting for 92.5%-97.5%
  • the mass of the second positive electrode active material accounts for 2.5%-7.5%.
  • the first discharge voltage platform in the first battery cell 61 can be made to correspond to the The respective proportions of the discharge capacity and the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform are within the above range, which can increase the energy that can be released by the first battery cell 61 at low temperature, thereby improving the overall low temperature energy retention rate of the battery pack 1 .
  • the mass of the first positive active material accounts for 50%-92.5%, and the mass of the second positive active material accounts for 7.5%-50%.
  • the first discharge voltage platform in the second battery cell 62 can be made to correspond to the The respective proportions of the discharge capacity and the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform are within the above range, which can increase the energy that the second battery cell 62 can release at low temperature, thereby further improving the overall low temperature energy retention rate of the battery pack 1 .
  • the first positive electrode active material when the first positive electrode active material is lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, and the second positive electrode active material is lithium iron phosphate, the first battery cell 61 and the second battery cell
  • the mass ratio of the second positive electrode active material in 62 is 1: (9-17); when the first positive electrode active material is lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, the second positive electrode active material is lithium titanate or When lithium manganate is used, the mass ratio of the second positive electrode active material in the first battery cell 61 and the second battery cell 62 is 1: (9-13); when the first positive electrode When the active material is lithium iron phosphate, and the second positive electrode active material is lithium titanate or lithium manganate, the second positive electrode active material in the first battery cell 61 and the second battery cell 62 The mass ratio is 1: (9-17).
  • the discharge cut-off voltage of the first battery cell 61 is 0-0.3V higher than the discharge cut-off voltage of the second battery cell 62, and the second battery cell The discharge cut-off voltage of the cell 62 is 1.6V or more.
  • the energy released by the first battery cell 61 and the second battery cell 62 at low temperature can be made approximately the same, Accordingly, the energy retention rate of the battery pack 1 as a whole at low temperatures can be improved.
  • Too high charge cut-off voltage or too low discharge cut-off voltage will damage the cycle performance of battery cells.
  • the charging cut-off voltage is too high, the battery cell will be overcharged, and continuing to charge the battery cell when the battery is full will cause the structure of the positive electrode material to change, resulting in capacity loss, and the oxygen released by the decomposition of the positive electrode material will interact with the electrolytic A violent chemical reaction occurs with the liquid, and the worst result may lead to an explosion.
  • the discharge cut-off voltage is too low, the battery cell will be over-discharged. Over-discharge will increase the internal pressure of the battery cell, and the reversibility of the positive and negative active materials will be damaged. Even if it is charged, it can only be partially recovered, and the capacity will also be reduced. Significantly attenuated. Deep charge and deep discharge of a battery cell will increase the loss of the battery cell. The ideal working state of the battery cell is shallow charge and shallow discharge, which can prolong the life of the battery cell.
  • the sum of the quantity of the first battery cells 61 and the quantity of the second battery cells 62 is 100%
  • the quantity of the first battery cells 61 accounts for 10-30%
  • the quantity of the second battery cells 62 is 100%.
  • the number of 62 accounts for 70-90%.
  • the number of the first battery cells may be one.
  • the battery pack of the present application can be easily realized.
  • capacitors are disposed in the interstices of different battery cells.
  • the gaps between the battery cells can be fully utilized to increase the volumetric energy density of the battery pack as a whole.
  • the present application also provides an electric device, the electric device includes the battery pack of the present application.
  • the battery pack can be used as a power source of the electric device, and can also be used as an energy storage unit of the electric device.
  • the electric devices may include mobile devices (such as mobile phones, notebook computers, etc.), electric vehicles (such as pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, etc.) , electric trucks, etc.), electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc., but not limited thereto.
  • a battery cell or a battery pack can be selected according to its use requirements.
  • FIG. 4 is an example of an electrical device.
  • the electric device is a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
  • the battery pack of the present application can be used.
  • the first positive electrode active material LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM) as the positive electrode active material, the second positive electrode active material lithium iron phosphate (LFP), the superconducting carbon black SP as the conductive agent and the Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is dispersed in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent and mixed evenly to obtain positive electrode slurry; the positive electrode slurry is evenly coated on the positive electrode current collector aluminum foil, dried, cold pressed, After slitting and cutting into pieces, the positive electrode sheet is obtained.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the mass ratio of the positive electrode active material, conductive carbon black, and binder PVDF is 96:2:2, and the mass ratio of the second positive electrode active material LFP to the first positive electrode active material NCM is 5:95.
  • Polyethylene film is used as the isolation film.
  • ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC) in a volume ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain an organic solvent, and then dissolve fully dried lithium salt LiPF6 in the mixed In an organic solvent, prepare an electrolyte solution with a concentration of 1mol/L.
  • the first battery cell was obtained in the same manner as in Preparation Example I-1. Body I-3.
  • the first battery cell I-4 was obtained in the same manner as Preparation Example I-1, except that the first positive electrode active material lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and the second positive electrode active material lithium manganate (LMO) were used as the positive electrode active material.
  • LFP lithium iron phosphate
  • LMO lithium manganate
  • the first battery cell I-5 was obtained in the same manner as Preparation Example I-1, except that the first positive electrode active material lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and the second positive electrode active material lithium titanate (LTO) were used as the positive electrode active material.
  • LFP first positive electrode active material lithium iron phosphate
  • LTO second positive electrode active material lithium titanate
  • the first battery cell I-12 was obtained in the same manner as Preparation Example I-1 except that only NCM was used as the positive electrode active material.
  • a second battery cell II-12 was obtained in the same manner as in Preparation Example I-1, except that only LFP was used as the positive electrode active material.
  • a second battery cell II-13 was obtained in the same manner as Preparation Example I-1 except that only NCM was used as the positive electrode active material.
  • the internal space of the battery pack box is divided into a first region R1 and a second region R2.
  • the first battery cell I-1 is arranged as the first battery cell 61.
  • the second battery cell II-1 is arranged in the second region R2 as the second battery cell 62 to be assembled into a battery pack.
  • the battery pack was assembled in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the battery pack was assembled in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the battery pack was assembled in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the battery pack was assembled in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the battery pack was assembled in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • Examples 1 to 21 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 respectively use Xinwei Power Battery Tester (model BTS-5V300A-4CH) to measure the temperature at 25°C
  • the discharge capacity corresponding to the first discharge voltage platform of the first battery cell and the second battery cell and the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform and then calculate the respective first battery cell and the second battery cell.
  • the proportion (%) of the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform is the proportion (%) of the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform.
  • the method of measuring the discharge capacity of a battery cell is as follows:
  • the discharge curve in the step (4) for example, as the discharge curve represented by the dotted line in Fig. 3 of the present application, in the discharge curve represented by the dotted line in Fig. 3, the discharge capacity before the B point adds up to The discharge capacity C1 corresponding to the first discharge voltage platform, the discharge capacity from point B to the discharge cut-off voltage is the discharge capacity C2 corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform.
  • V Charging cut-off voltage
  • V Discharge cut-off voltage
  • NCM+LFP 2.5 NCM+LMO
  • NCM+LTO 4.2 2 LFP+LMO 3.6 2 LFP+LTO 3.6 2
  • Examples 1-21 and Comparative Examples 1-4 respectively use Xinwei Power Battery Tester (model BTS-5V300A-4CH) to measure the total full discharge energy of the battery pack at 25°C and the battery pack at -20°C
  • Xinwei Power Battery Tester model BTS-5V300A-4CH
  • For the total full-discharge energy divide the total full-discharge energy of the battery pack at -20°C by the total full-discharge energy of the battery pack at 25°C to calculate the total energy retention rate (%) of the battery pack at -20°C.
  • both the first battery cell and the second battery cell have a first discharge voltage platform and a second discharge voltage platform, and the first battery cell of the second battery cell has The proportion of discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform is greater than the proportion of discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform of the first battery cell, and the total energy retention rate of the battery pack at -20°C reaches 86% to 92%.
  • both the first battery cell and the second battery cell have only one discharge voltage platform, and the total energy retention rate of the battery pack at -20°C is only 74% and 71%.
  • both the first battery cell and the second battery cell have a first discharge voltage platform and a second discharge voltage platform
  • the second battery cell has a first discharge voltage platform.
  • the proportion of the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform is greater than the proportion of the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform of the first battery cell
  • the respective first discharge voltage platforms of the first battery cell and the second battery cell are The difference between the lowest discharge voltage and the highest discharge voltage of the second discharge voltage platform is in the range of 0.25-0.6V, and the total energy retention rate of the battery pack at -20°C reaches 82%-92%.
  • Example 11 the difference between the lowest discharge voltage of the first discharge voltage platform of the first battery cell and the highest discharge voltage of the second discharge voltage platform of the second battery cell is less than 0.25V, and the battery pack-20 °C The total energy retention rate is 63%.
  • Example 12 the difference between the lowest discharge voltage of the first discharge voltage platform of the first battery cell and the highest discharge voltage of the second discharge voltage platform of the second battery cell is greater than 0.6V, and the battery pack is -20°C The total energy retention was 72%.
  • both the first battery cell and the second battery cell have a first discharge voltage platform and a second discharge voltage platform, and the second battery cell has a first discharge voltage platform.
  • the proportion of discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform is greater than the proportion of discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform of the first battery cell, and the second positive active material in the first battery cell and the second battery cell respectively.
  • the mass ratio of the battery pack and the discharge capacity ratio corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform are within the preferred ranges recorded in this application, and the total energy retention rate of the battery pack at -20°C reaches 81% to 92%.
  • the discharge capacity ratio corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform of the second battery cell is smaller than the discharge capacity ratio corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform of the first battery cell, and the total energy of the battery pack at -20°C
  • the retention rate is only 70%.
  • Embodiment 16 although the proportion of discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform of the second battery unit is greater than the proportion of discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform of the first battery unit, the first battery unit and The mass proportion of the second positive electrode active material in each of the second battery cells and the proportion of the discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform are outside the preferred range recorded in this application, and the total energy retention rate of the battery pack at -20°C is 62. %.
  • both the first battery cell and the second battery cell have a first discharge voltage platform and a second discharge voltage platform, and the second battery cell has a first discharge voltage platform.
  • the proportion of discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform is greater than the proportion of discharge capacity corresponding to the second discharge voltage platform of the first battery cell, and the discharge cut-off voltage of the first battery cell at -20°C is the same as that of the second battery cell.
  • the difference between the discharge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage of the second battery cell are within the preferred ranges described in this application, and the total energy retention rate of the battery pack at -20°C reaches 87% to 94%.
  • Example 19 the discharge cut-off voltage of the second battery cell is greater than that of the first battery cell at -20°C, and the total energy retention rate of the battery pack at -20°C is 65%.
  • Example 20 the discharge cut-off voltage of the first battery cell and the discharge cut-off voltage of the second battery cell were too low at -20°C, although the total energy retention rate of the battery pack at -20°C reached 88%, but as mentioned above It will damage the cycle performance of the battery cell.
  • Example 21 although the difference between the discharge cut-off voltage of the first battery cell at -20°C and the discharge cut-off voltage of the second battery cell is within the preferred range described in this application, the first battery cell at -20°C The discharge cut-off voltage of the body and the discharge cut-off voltage of the second battery cell are too high, and the total energy retention rate of the battery pack at -20°C is 66%.
  • the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples, and within the scope of the technical solutions of the present application, embodiments that have substantially the same configuration as the technical idea and exert the same effects are included in the technical scope of the present application.
  • various modifications conceivable by those skilled in the art are added to the embodiments, and other forms constructed by combining some components in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application. .

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Abstract

本申请提供电池包和用电装置。电池包包括电池包箱体和被收纳在电池包箱体中的电池单体，其中，电池包箱体的内部空间由第一区域和第二区域组成，在第一区域中配置有第一电池单体，在第二区域中配置有第二电池单体，第二电池单体包围第一电池单体的周围排布，第一电池单体和第二电池单体各自具有第一放电电压平台和第二放电电压平台，第一放电电压平台的平均放电电压高于第二放电电压平台的平均放电电压，在第一电池单体和第二电池单体各自中，当第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量之和为100％时，第二电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比大于第一电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比。

Description

电池包和用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及锂离子电池领域，尤其涉及一种低温下的能量保持率高的电池包和包括该电池包的用电装置。
背景技术
近年来，随着锂离子电池技术的不断发展，锂离子电池被广泛应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，以及电动工具、电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车、军事装备、航空航天等多个领域。
在上述领域中，锂离子二次电池单体的容量有时无法满足使用需求，此时需要将多个锂离子二次电池单体串联或者并联组成电池包。电池包中使用的锂离子二次电池单体主要有镍钴锰酸锂电池或镍钴铝酸锂电池等三元电池、磷酸铁锂电池、锰酸锂电池、钴酸锂电池、钛酸锂电池、二氧化锰电池等。
但是，由锂离子二次电池单体组成的电池包，在冬季那样的低温环境下使用时，能量保持率大幅降低，即，在低温下的续航能力严重缩水，如何提高电池包整体在低温下的续航能力成为亟待解决的关键问题。因此，现有的由锂离子二次电池单体组成的电池包在低温下的能量保持率仍有待提高。
发明内容
本申请是鉴于上述技术问题而做出的，其目的在于，提供一种低温下的能量保持率优异、低温下的续航能力提高的由锂离子二次电池组成的电池包和包括该电池包的用电装置。
为了达到上述目的，本申请的第一方面提供一种电池包，其包括电池包箱体和被收纳在所述电池包箱体中的电池单体，所述电池包箱体的内部空间由第一区域和第二区域组成，在所述第一区域中配置有第一电池单体，在所述第二区域中配置有第二电池单体，所述第二电 池单体包围所述第一电池单体的周围排布，所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体各自具有第一放电电压平台和第二放电电压平台，所述第一放电电压平台的平均放电电压高于所述第二放电电压平台的平均放电电压，在所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体各自中，当所述第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量之和为100％时，所述第二电池单体的所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比大于所述第一电池单体的所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比。
由此，本申请通过按照电池包内的温度分布来设置低温下的放电能力不同的电池单体从而改善电池包整体在低温下的能量保持率。具体而言，在电池包箱体的内部空间的温度不同的区域中分别配置具有双放电电压平台(放电电压较高的第一放电电压平台和放电电压较低的第二放电电压平台)的低温能量保持率不同的电池单体，并且在温度越低的区域配置低温能量保持率越高的电池单体。通过在电池包箱体的内部空间中的温度相对较高的区域配置低温性能相对较低(低温能量保持率相对较小)的电池单体，在电池包箱体的内部空间中的温度相对较低的区域配置低温性能相对较高(低温能量保持率相对较大)的电池单体，能够使电池包的温度不同的各区域中的电池单体的循环一致性更高，提升电池包整体的低温能量保持率，从而提高电池包整体的低温续航能力。
本申请所述电池包的形状是任意的，可以是根据客户要求设计的任意形状。
在任意实施方式中，在所述第一、第二电池单体中，所述第一放电电压平台的最低放电电压与所述第二放电电压平台的最高放电电压之差为0.25-0.6V。
由此，能够利用放电电压较高的第一放电电压平台进行放电之后，继续利用放电电压较低的第二放电电压平台进行放电，能够提高各电池单体在低温下能够释放的能量，从而提升电池包整体在低温下的能量保持率。
在优选实施方式中，在所述第一电池单体中，当所述第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量之和 为100％时，所述第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量占91.8％～99％，所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占1％～8.2％。
由此，通过使第一电池单体中的第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量各自的占比在上述范围内，能够提高第一电池单体在低温下能够释放的能量，从而提升电池包整体的低温能量保持率。
在优选实施方式中，在所述第二电池单体中，当所述第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量之和为100％时，所述第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量占52.5％～96.8％，所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占3.2％～47.5％。
由此，通过使第二电池单体中的第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量各自的占比在上述范围内，能够提高第二电池单体在低温下能够释放的能量，从而进一步提升电池包整体的低温能量保持率。
在优选实施方式中，所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体各自的正极活性物质由具有所述第一放电电压平台的第一正极活性物质和具有所述第二放电电压平台的第二正极活性物质混合而成。
由此，第一电池单体和第二电池单体各自具有放电电压不同的第一放电电压平台和第二放电电压平台，能够在利用放电电压较高的第一放电电压平台进行放电之后，继续利用放电电压较低的第二放电电压平台进行放电，从而提高第一电池单体和第二电池单体各自的低温能量保持率。
在优选实施方式中，所述第一正极活性物质和所述第二正极活性物质各自独立地选自镍酸锂、钴酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂、镍钴铝酸锂、磷酸铁锂、锰酸锂、钛酸锂和二氧化锰中的至少一种。
由此，只要由第一正极活性物质产生的第一放电电压平台与由第二正极活性物质产生的第二放电电压平台的放电电压和放电容量占比满足上述关系，第一正极活性物质和第二正极活性物质可以从现有的各种正极活性物质中选择，从而，能够利用现有的正极活性物质容易地实现本申请的电池包。
在优选实施方式中，所述第一正极活性物质为镍钴锰酸锂，所述 第二正极活性物质为磷酸铁锂，或者，所述第一正极活性物质为镍钴锰酸锂，所述第二正极活性物质为锰酸锂或钛酸锂，或者，所述第一正极活性物质为磷酸铁锂，所述第二正极活性物质为锰酸锂或钛酸锂。
电压平台和比能量大小基本上按以下顺序：镍钴锰酸锂＞磷酸铁锂＞锰酸锂或钛酸锂，因此，相对来说，能量密度的顺序为：镍钴锰酸锂+磷酸铁锂＞镍钴锰酸锂+锰酸锂或钛酸锂＞磷酸铁锂+锰酸锂或钛酸锂。相对应地，在相同体积的模组或电池包中，上述三种体系的续航里程的顺序为：镍钴锰酸锂+磷酸铁锂体系＞镍钴锰酸锂+锰酸锂或钛酸锂＞磷酸铁锂+锰酸锂或钛酸锂。因此，镍钴锰酸锂+磷酸铁锂体系更适合用于续航里程较高或者输出功率要求较大的场景；镍钴锰酸锂+锰酸锂或钛酸锂则适用于中度续航里程或输出功率适中的场景；磷酸铁锂+锰酸锂或钛酸锂体系更适合用于低速代步车等输出功率要求不大的场景。
在优选实施方式中，当所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体中所述第一正极活性物质种类相同且所述第二正极活性物质种类相同时，所述第一正极活性物质占正极活性物质的质量占比按照所述第一电池单体、所述第二电池单体的顺序递减，所述第二正极活性物质占正极活性物质的质量占比按照所述第一电池单体、所述第二电池单体的顺序递增。
用于产生放电电压较低的第二放电电压平台的第二正极活性物质的质量占比越大，第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比越大，电池单体的低温能量保持率越高，通过使配置在第二区域中的第二电池单体的第二正极活性物质的质量占比＞配置在第一区域中的第一电池单体的第二正极活性物质的质量占比，能够使第二电池单体的低温能量保持率＞第一电池单体的低温能量保持率，能够使第一电池单体和第二电池单体在低温下释放的能量大致一致，从而提高电池包整体在低温下的能量保持率。
在优选实施方式中，在所述第一电池单体中，当所述第一正极活性物质和所述第二正极活性物质的总质量为100％时，所述第一正极活性物质的质量占92.5％～97.5％，所述第二正极活性物质的质量占2.5％～7.5％。
由此，通过使第一电池单体中的第一正极活性物质和第二正极活性物质的质量占比在上述范围内，能够使第一电池单体中的第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量各自的占比在上述范围内，能够提高第一电池单体在低温下能够释放的能量，从而提升电池包整体的低温能量保持率。
在优选实施方式中，在所述第二电池单体中，所述第一正极活性物质的质量占50％～92.5％，所述第二正极活性物质的质量占7.5％～50％。
由此，通过使第二电池单体中的第一正极活性物质和第二正极活性物质的质量占比在上述范围内，能够使第二电池单体中的第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量各自的占比在上述范围内，能够提高第二电池单体在低温下能够释放的能量，从而进一步提升电池包整体的低温能量保持率。
在优选实施方式中，当所述第一正极活性物质为镍钴锰酸锂，所述第二正极活性物质为磷酸铁锂时，所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体中的所述第二正极活性物质的质量之比为1∶(9-17)；当所述第一正极活性物质为镍钴锰酸锂，所述第二正极活性物质为钛酸锂或锰酸锂时，所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体中的所述第二正极活性物质的质量之比为1∶(9-13)；当所述第一正极活性物质为磷酸铁锂，所述第二正极活性物质为钛酸锂或锰酸锂时，所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体中的所述第二正极活性物质的质量之比为1∶(9-17)。
由此，通过在第一电池单体和第二电池单体中将特定的第一正极活性物质和特定的第二正极活性物质以特定的质量比使用，能够容易地实现适用于不同场景的本申请的电池包。
在优选实施方式中，在0℃以下的温度下，所述第一电池单体的放电截止电压比所述第二电池单体的放电截止电压高0～0.3V，所述第二电池单体的放电截止电压为1.6V以上。
由此，通过如上述那样设置第一电池单体和第二电池单体的放电截止电压，能够使第一电池单体和第二电池单体在低温下释放的能量大致一致，从而能够提高电池包整体在低温下的能量保持率。
在优选实施方式中，所述第一电池单体的数量∶所述第二电池单体 的数量＝(3～8)∶(18～28)。换言之，当第一电池单体的数量与所述第二电池单体的数量之和为100％时，第一电池单体的数量占比为10～30％，第二电池单体的数量占比为70～90％。
由此，只要按照常见的电池包的温度分布范围来设置第一电池单体和第二电池单体的数量，就能够容易地实现本申请的电池包。
在优选实施方式中，不同电池单体的空隙中设置有电容器。
由此，能够充分利用电池单体之间的空隙，提高电池包整体的体积能量密度。
本申请的第二方面提供一种用电装置，其包括本申请的第一方面的电池包。
由此，本申请的第二方面的用电装置在低温下的续航能力强，即使在低温下也能够长时间地正常使用。
发明效果
采用本发明，通过在电池包箱体内部的温度不同的区域配置具有双放电电压平台的低温能量保持率不同的电池单体，能够提供能够使温度不同的区域的电池单体在低温下释放的能量大致一致、整体在低温下的能量保持率提高的电池包和包括该电池包的用电装置。
附图说明
图1是本申请一实施方式的电池包的结构示意图。
图2是图1所示的本申请一实施方式的电池包除去箱体后的结构组件的俯视图。
图3是表示本申请一实施方式的电池包内的具有第一放电电压平台和第二放电电压平台的电池单体的恒流放电曲线图。
图4是使用本申请一实施方式的电池包作为电源的用电装置的示意图。
附图标记说明
1 电池包；2 上箱体；3 下箱体；g1、g2 间隙；C11、C12 电容器；BL1 第一边界线；BL2 第二边界线；R1 第一区域；R2 第二区域；61 第一电池单体；62 第二电池单体。
具体实施方式
以下，适当地参照附图详细说明具体公开了本申请的电池包和用电装置的实施方式。但是会有省略不必要的详细说明的情况。例如，有省略对已众所周知的事项的详细说明、实际相同结构的重复说明的情况。这是为了避免以下的说明不必要地变得冗长，便于本领域技术人员的理解。此外，附图及以下说明是为了本领域技术人员充分理解本申请而提供的，并不旨在限定权利要求书所记载的主题。
本申请所公开的“范围”以下限和上限的形式来限定，给定范围是通过选定一个下限和一个上限进行限定的，选定的下限和上限限定了特别范围的边界。这种方式进行限定的范围可以是包括端值或不包括端值的，并且可以进行任意地组合，即任何下限可以与任何上限组合形成一个范围。例如，如果针对特定参数列出了60-120和80-110的范围，理解为60-110和80-120的范围也是预料到的。此外，如果列出了最小范围值1和2、并且列出了最大范围值3，4和5，则下面的范围可全部预料到：1-3、1-4、1-5、2-3、2-4和2-5。在本申请中，除非有其他说明，数值范围“a-b”表示a到b之间的任意实数组合的缩略表示，其中a和b都是实数。例如数值范围“0-5”表示本文中已经全部列出了“0-5”之间的全部实数，“0-5”只是这些数值组合的缩略表示。另外，当表述某个参数为≥2的整数，则相当于公开了该参数为例如整数2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12等。
如果没有特别的说明，本申请的所有实施方式以及可选实施方式可以相互组合形成新的技术方案。
如果没有特别的说明，本申请的所有技术特征以及可选技术特征可以相互组合形成新的技术方案。
如果没有特别的说明，本申请的所有步骤可以顺序进行，也可以随机进行，优选是顺序进行的。例如，所述方法包括步骤(a)和(b)，表示所述方法可包括顺序进行的步骤(a)和(b)，也可以包括顺序进行的步骤(b)和(a)。例如，提到所述方法还可包括步骤(c)，表示步骤(c)可以任意顺序加入到所述方法，例如，所述方法可以包括步骤(a)、(b)和(c)，也可包括步骤(a)、(c)和(b)，也可以包括步骤(c)、(a)和(b)等。
如果没有特别的说明，本申请所提到的“包括”和“包含”表示开放式，也可以是封闭式。例如，所述“包括”和“包含”可以表示还可以包括或包含没有列出的其他组分，也可以仅包括或包含列出的组分。
如果没有特别的说明，在本申请中，术语“或”是包括性的。举例来说，短语“A或B”表示“A，B，或A和B两者”。更具体地，以下任一条件均满足条件“A或B”：A为真(或存在)并且B为假(或不存在)；A为假(或不存在)而B为真(或存在)；或A和B都为真(或存在)。
发明人注意到，由锂离子二次电池单体组成的电池包，在冬季使用时，因电池包中不同位置的电池单体的散热能力和保温效果不同，会导致不同位置的电池单体充放电性能不一致。具体而言，在低温环境下使用时，电池包中位于内侧的电池单体温度相对较高，低温下的放电性能相对较好，电池包中位于外侧的电池单体温度相对较低，低温下的放电性能相对较差。电池包中不同部位的电池单体在低温下放电能力的差异，导致电池包整体在低温下的能量保持率大幅降低。
于是发明人想到，通过在电池包中温度较低的区域配置低温放电性能更优异的电池单体，能够使电池包中不同位置的电池单体在低温环境下放出的能量大致一致，从而使电池包整体在低温环境下的能量发挥得到提高，进而提升使用该电池包作为电源的用电装置在低温环境下的续航里程。
为了达到上述目的，发明人反复进行了研究，结果发现，通过使配置在温度较低的区域的电池单体具有两个放电电压平台，在较高的放电电压平台放电结束之后，继续利用较低的放电电压平台进行放电，能够提高这些电池单体的放电量，从而使这些电池单体在低温下的放电性能更优异。
而且，在较低的放电电压平台的正极活性物质的质量占高低两个放电电压平台的正极活性物质的总质量的比例不超过50％的情况下，较低的放电电压平台对应的放电容量占高低两个放电电压平台对应的总放电容量的比例越高，电池单体的低温性能越优异，这样，通过在温度越低的区域使用较低的放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比越高的 电池单体，能够使配置在温度不同的各个区域中的电池单体在低温下所发挥出的能量大致一致，能够提高电池包整体在低温下的能量保持率，从而提高使用该电池包作为电源的电动汽车等用电装置在低温下的续航能力。
电池包
下面，对本申请的电池包1进行具体说明。
图1是本申请一实施方式的电池包1的结构示意图。图2是图1所示的电池包1除去箱体后的结构组件的俯视图。
如图1和图2所示，本申请的电池包1包括电池箱和设置于电池箱中的多个电池单体(61和62)。电池箱包括上箱体2和下箱体3，上箱体2能够盖设于下箱体3，并形成用于容纳多个电池单体的封闭空间(电池包腔体)。
如图2所示，电池包箱体的内部空间呈大致矩形形状，电池包箱体的内部空间由第一区域R1和第二区域R2组成，其中，第一区域R1是由第一边界线BL1包围的大致矩形的区域，位于电池包箱体的内部空间的矩形形状的中心部(例如，第一区域R1的矩形形状的长和宽可以分别为电池包箱体的内部空间的矩形形状的长和宽的大致二分之一)，第二区域R2是第一边界线BL1与边界线BL2之间的大致环形的区域，其中，第一边界线BL1和第二边界线BL2是为了清楚地表示第一区域R1和第二区域R2而画的虚拟线。
进一步地，在所述第一区域R1中配置有第一电池单体61，在所述第二区域R2中配置有第二电池单体62，所述第二电池单体62包围所述第一电池单体61的周围排布，所述第一电池单体61和所述第二电池单体62各自具有第一放电电压平台和第二放电电压平台，所述第一放电电压平台的平均放电电压高于所述第二放电电压平台的平均放电电压，在所述第一电池单体61和所述第二电池单体62各自中，当所述第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量之和为100％时，所述第二电池单体62的所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比，大于所述第一电池单体61的所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比。当置于同样温度的外界环境中时，在电池包1内，第二区域R2的温度低于第一区域R1的温度。
需要说明的是，“放电电压平台”是放电曲线中放电电压比较平稳的部分，在放电电压平台进行放电时，单位时间的放电量较多。如图3所示的两种电池单体的恒流放电曲线图：用实线表示的放电曲线只有一个放电电压平台，经过A’点之后，放电电压急剧下降(对应单平台电池单体)；用虚线表示的放电曲线有两个放电电压平台，经过A点之后，放电电压急剧下降，下降到B点之后又趋于平稳，继续利用放电电压平台进行放电(对应双平台电池单体)。
如图3的虚线所示，第一个电压瞬降结束的B点之前为第一放电电压平台(即高电压放电平台，也即本申请的第一放电电压平台)，其在数据值上等于高电压正极活性物质放出的所有能量与电流的比值(是一个均衡的值，也可以粗略看作B点之前的平均电压)，第一个电压瞬降结束的B点之后成为第二放电电压平台(即低电压放电平台，也即本申请的第二放电电压平台)，体现为低电压正极活性物质放出的所有能量与电流的比值(是一个均衡的值，也可以粗略看作B点之后的平均电压)。
本申请中，在电池包箱体的内部空间的温度不同的区域中分别配置具有双放电电压平台(放电电压较高的第一放电电压平台和放电电压较低的第二放电电压平台)的低温能量保持率不同的电池单体61、62，并且在温度越低的区域配置低温能量保持率越高的电池单体。具体而言，按照通常的电池包内部的温度分布，第一区域R1的温度＞第二区域R2的温度，在本申请中，第二电池单体62的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比＞第一电池单体61的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比。
需要说明的是，本申请的第一/第二电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比的具体定义和测试方法参见本说明书“相关测试”部分。
在电池包中所处不同位置的电池单体，散热能力不同，通常，越靠外侧的电池单体，散热能力越强，即散热速度越快，随着从电池包外侧向电池包内部去，电池单体的散热速度逐渐降低，相反，随着从电池包内部向电池包外侧去，电池单体的保温能力逐渐降低。电池包不同区域的电池单体的温度不同，导致其充放电性能不一致：比如， 在低温外界环境下，内侧的电池单体散热速度相对较慢，温度相对较高，低温外界环境下的性能相对较好(但高温性能较差)，然而，外侧的电池单体散热速度相对较快，温度相对较低，低温外界环境下的性能相对较差(但高温性能较高)。由此，这种电池包内不同区域的电池单体在低温环境下出现的彼此之间电性能差异过大的现象，会使电池包整体在低温环境下的能量保持率降低。
为了解决上述问题，本申请发明人通过在温度不同的第一区域R1和第二区域R2中设置均具有双放电电压平台(即，放电电压相对较高的第一放电电压平台和放电电压相对较低的第二放电电压平台)的第一电池单体61和第二电池单体62，当第一放电电压平台的放电结束后，能够再利用第二放电电压平台继续进行放电(即实现同一电池单体的梯次放电)，由此提高每个电池单体在低温环境下释放的能量，从而能够提高电池包整体的低温能量保持率。
而且发现，通过进一步调节第一电池单体61和第二电池单体62的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比，能够得到整体低温能量保持率更高的电池包1，并且这种设置显著改善了电池包在冬季的低温条件下的低温能量保持率。具体而言，通过使第二电池单体62的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比大于第一电池单体61的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比，能够在第一电池单体61无法继续放电的低温环境下，使第二电池单体62继续放电，以确保电池包整体的放电容量处于较高水平。
本发明人进一步对设置在温度不同的各区域R1、R2中的具有双放电电压平台的第一电池单体61和第二电池单体62各自中的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比与电池包-20℃总能量保持率之间的关系进行了深入研究。结果发现，在第一电池单体61和第二电池单体62各自中，当第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量之和为100％时，通过使第二电池单体62的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比＞第一电池单体61的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比，能够使第二电池单体62的低温能量保持率＞第一电池单体61的低温能量保持率，能够使配置在电池包的温度不同的各区域R1、R2中的各电池单体61、62在低温下能够释放出来的能量(在 低温下的放电容量)大致一致，从而能够提高电池包1整体的低温能量保持率(电池包-20℃总能量保持率)，提高电池包整体在低温下的续航能力。
如图2所示，多个电池单体中位于较外侧的电池单体可以是与电池包箱体(上箱体2、下箱体3)的内表面接触，也可以是与设置在电池包箱体的内表面上的结构件接触。在图2所示的俯视图中，在最外侧的电池单体与电池包箱体的内表面之间任选地形成有间隙g1、g2，在这些间隙g1、g2中可以设置电池包的各种结构件。在不同的电池单体之间的空隙中，可以任选地设置电容器C11、C12等，以提高电池包整体的能量密度。
在一些实施方式中，在所述第一、第二电池单体61、62中，所述第一放电电压平台的最低放电电压与所述第二放电电压平台的最高放电电压之差为0.25-0.6V。
参照图3，本申请所述的“第一放电电压平台的最低放电电压”是指A点对应的放电电压，所述的“第二放电电压平台的最高放电电压”是指B点对应的放电电压。
由此，针对存在两个放电电压平台的电池单体，若所述第一放电电压平台的最低放电电压与所述第二放电电压平台的最高放电电压之差小于0.25V，相当于贡献第二放电电压平台的正极活性物质质量过多，而贡献第二放电电压平台的正极活性物质所输出的能量又小于贡献第一放电电压平台的正极活性物质所输出的能量，故会导致电池单体整体能量输出低，从而导致电池包整体能量输出低；反之，若所述第一放电电压平台的最低放电电压与所述第二放电电压平台的最高放电电压之差大于0.6V，相当于贡献第一放电电压平台的正极活性物质质量过多(贡献第二放电电压平台的正极活性物质质量过少)，则在较低外界温度环境中，第一放电电压平台过早无法输出能量而第二放电电压平台所输出的能量又受限，进而导致电池包整体低温能量保持率差。
在一些实施方式中，在所述第一电池单体61中，当所述第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量之和为100％时，所述第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量占91.8％～99％，所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占1％～8.2％。
由此，通过使第一电池单体61中的第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量各自的占比在上述范围内，能够提高第一电池单体61在低温下能够释放的能量，从而提升电池包1整体的低温能量保持率。
在一些实施方式中，在所述第二电池单体62中，当所述第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量之和为100％时，所述第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量占52.5％～96.8％，所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占3.2％～47.5％。
由此，通过使第二电池单体62中的第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量各自的占比在上述范围内，能够提高第二电池单体62在低温下能够释放的能量，从而进一步提升电池包1整体的低温能量保持率。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一电池单体61和所述第二电池单体62各自的正极活性物质由具有所述第一放电电压平台的第一正极活性物质和具有所述第二放电电压平台的第二正极活性物质混合而成。
由此，第一电池单体61和第二电池单体62各自具有放电电压不同的第一放电电压平台和第二放电电压平台，能够在利用放电电压较高的第一放电电压平台进行放电之后，继续利用放电电压较低的第二放电电压平台进行放电，从而提高第一电池单体61和第二电池单体62各自的低温能量保持率。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一正极活性物质和所述第二正极活性物质各自独立地选自镍酸锂、钴酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂、镍钴铝酸锂、磷酸铁锂、锰酸锂、钛酸锂和二氧化锰中的至少一种。
只要由第一正极活性物质产生的第一放电电压平台与由第二正极活性物质产生的第二放电电压平台的放电电压和放电容量占比满足上述关系，第一正极活性物质和第二正极活性物质可以从现有的各种正极活性物质中选择，从而，能够利用现有的正极活性物质容易地实现本申请的电池包。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一正极活性物质为镍钴锰酸锂，所述第二正极活性物质为磷酸铁锂，或者，所述第一正极活性物质为镍钴锰酸锂，所述第二正极活性物质为锰酸锂或钛酸锂，或者，所述第一 正极活性物质为磷酸铁锂，所述第二正极活性物质为锰酸锂或钛酸锂。
电压平台和比能量大小基本上按以下顺序：镍钴锰酸锂＞磷酸铁锂＞锰酸锂或钛酸锂，因此，相对来说，能量密度的顺序为：镍钴锰酸锂+磷酸铁锂＞镍钴锰酸锂+锰酸锂或钛酸锂＞磷酸铁锂+锰酸锂或钛酸锂。相对应地，在相同体积的模组或电池包中，上述三种体系的续航里程的顺序为：镍钴锰酸锂+磷酸铁锂体系＞镍钴锰酸锂+锰酸锂或钛酸锂＞磷酸铁锂+锰酸锂或钛酸锂。因此，镍钴锰酸锂+磷酸铁锂体系更适合用于续航里程较高或者输出功率要求较大的场景；镍钴锰酸锂+锰酸锂或钛酸锂则适用于中度续航里程或输出功率适中的场景；磷酸铁锂+锰酸锂或钛酸锂体系更适合用于低速代步车等输出功率要求不大的场景。
在一些实施方式中，当所述第一电池单体61和所述第二电池单体62中所述第一正极活性物质种类相同且所述第二正极活性物质种类相同时，所述第一正极活性物质占正极活性物质的质量占比按照所述第一电池单体61、所述第二电池单体62的顺序递减，所述第二正极活性物质占正极活性物质的质量占比按照所述第一电池单体61、所述第二电池单体62的顺序递增。
用于产生放电电压较低的第二放电电压平台的第二正极活性物质的质量占比越大，第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比越大，电池单体的低温能量保持率越高，通过使配置在第二区域R2中的第二电池单体62的第二正极活性物质的质量占比＞配置在第一区域R1中的第一电池单体61的第二正极活性物质的质量占比，能够使第二电池单体62的低温能量保持率＞第一电池单体61的低温能量保持率，能够使第一电池单体61和第二电池单体62在低温下释放的能量大致一致，从而提高电池包1整体在低温下的能量保持率。
在一些实施方式中，在所述第一电池单体61中，当所述第一正极活性物质和所述第二正极活性物质的总质量为100％时，所述第一正极活性物质的质量占92.5％～97.5％，所述第二正极活性物质的质量占2.5％～7.5％。
由此，通过使第一电池单体61中的第一正极活性物质和第二正极活性物质的质量占比在上述范围内，能够使第一电池单体61中的第一 放电电压平台对应的放电容量和第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量各自的占比在上述范围内，能够提高第一电池单体61在低温下能够释放的能量，从而提升电池包1整体的低温能量保持率。
在一些实施方式中，在所述第二电池单体62中，所述第一正极活性物质的质量占50％～92.5％，所述第二正极活性物质的质量占7.5％～50％。
由此，通过使第二电池单体62中的第一正极活性物质和第二正极活性物质的质量占比在上述范围内，能够使第二电池单体62中的第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量各自的占比在上述范围内，能够提高第二电池单体62在低温下能够释放的能量，从而进一步提升电池包1整体的低温能量保持率。
在一些实施方式中，当所述第一正极活性物质为镍钴锰酸锂，所述第二正极活性物质为磷酸铁锂时，所述第一电池单体61和所述第二电池单体62中的所述第二正极活性物质的质量之比为1∶(9-17)；当所述第一正极活性物质为镍钴锰酸锂，所述第二正极活性物质为钛酸锂或锰酸锂时，所述第一电池单体61和所述第二电池单体62中的所述第二正极活性物质的质量之比为1∶(9-13)；当所述第一正极活性物质为磷酸铁锂，所述第二正极活性物质为钛酸锂或锰酸锂时，所述第一电池单体61和所述第二电池单体62中的所述第二正极活性物质的质量之比为1∶(9-17)。
由此，通过在第一电池单体61和第二电池单体62中将特定的第一正极活性物质和特定的第二正极活性物质以特定的质量比使用，能够容易地实现适用于不同场景的本申请的电池包。
在一些实施方式中，在0℃以下的温度下，所述第一电池单体61的放电截止电压比所述第二电池单体62的放电截止电压高0～0.3V，所述第二电池单体62的放电截止电压为1.6V以上。
由此，通过如上述那样设置第一电池单体61和第二电池单体62的放电截止电压，能够使第一电池单体61和第二电池单体62在低温下释放的能量大致一致，从而能够提高电池包1整体在低温下的能量保持率。
充电截止电压过高或者放电截止电压过低会损害电池单体的循环 性能。在充电截止电压过高的情况下，电池单体会过充电，在电池单体电量已满的情况下继续充电会导致正极材料结构变化，造成容量损失，而正极材料分解放出的氧会与电解液发生剧烈的化学反应，最坏的结果有可能导致发生爆炸。在放电截止电压过低的情况下，电池单体会过放电，过放电会使电池单体内压升高，正负极活性物质可逆性受到破坏，即使充电也只能部分恢复，容量也会有明显衰减。电池单体深充深放，会增大电池单体的损耗，电池单体最理想的工作状态是浅充浅放，这样能够延长电池单体的寿命。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一电池单体61的数量：所述第二电池单体62的数量＝(3～8)∶(18～28)。换言之，当第一电池单体61的数量与所述第二电池单体62的数量之和为100％时，第一电池单体61的数量占比为10～30％，第二电池单体62的数量占比为70～90％。
在一些实施方式，第一电池单体的数量可以为1。
由此，只要按照常见的电池包的温度分布范围来设置第一电池单体61和第二电池单体62的数量，就能够容易地实现本申请的电池包。
在一些实施方式中，不同电池单体的空隙中设置有电容器(例如，参照图2中的电容器C11、C12)。
由此，能够充分利用电池单体之间的空隙，提高电池包整体的体积能量密度。
用电装置
另外，本申请还提供一种用电装置，所述用电装置包括本申请的电池包。所述电池包可以用作所述用电装置的电源，也可以用作所述用电装置的能量存储单元。所述用电装置可以包括移动设备(例如手机、笔记本电脑等)、电动车辆(例如纯电动车、混合动力电动车、插电式混合动力电动车、电动自行车、电动踏板车、电动高尔夫球车、电动卡车等)、电气列车、船舶及卫星、储能系统等，但不限于此。
作为所述用电装置，可以根据其使用需求来选择电池单体或电池包。
图4是作为一个示例的用电装置。该用电装置为纯电动车、混合动力电动车、或插电式混合动力电动车等。为了满足该用电装置对低 温下的续航能力的需求，可以采用本申请的电池包。
实施例
以下，说明本申请的实施例。下面描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
(一)电池单体的制备
I.第一电池单体的制备
[制备例I-1]
1)正极极片的制备
将作为正极活性物质的第一正极活性物质LiNi 0.6Co 0.2Mn 0.2O 2(NCM)和第二正极活性物质磷酸铁锂(LFP)、作为导电剂的超导电炭黑SP和作为粘结剂的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)分散在作为溶剂的N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)中混合均匀，得到正极浆料；将正极浆料均匀涂覆在正极集流体铝箔上，经烘干、冷压、分条、裁片后，得到正极极片。
其中，正极活性物质、导电炭黑、粘结剂PVDF的质量比为96∶2∶2，第二正极活性物质LFP与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为5∶95。
2)负极极片的制备
将负极活性材料石墨、作为导电剂的超导电炭黑SP、作为粘结剂的SBR和作为增稠剂的CMC-Na按照质量比96∶1∶1∶2分散在作为溶剂的去离子水中混合均匀，得到负极浆料；将负极浆料均匀涂覆在负极集流体铜箔上；经烘干、冷压、分条、裁片后，得到负极极片。
3)隔离膜
选用聚乙烯膜作为隔离膜。
4)电解液的制备
将碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)按照体积比1∶1∶1混合均匀得到有机溶剂，接着将充分干燥的锂盐LiPF6溶解 于混合后的有机溶剂中，配制成浓度为1mol/L的电解液。
5)电池单体的制备
将上述正极极片、隔离膜、负极极片按顺序层叠，使隔离膜处于正极极片与负极极片之间起到隔离作用，然后卷绕得到裸电芯；将裸电芯置于外包装壳中，干燥后注入电解液，经过真空封装、静置、化成、整形等工序，获得第一电池单体I-1。
[制备例I-2]
除了正极活性物质使用第一正极活性物质LiNi 0.6Co 0.2Mn 0.2O 2(NCM)和第二正极活性物质锰酸锂(LMO)以外，与制备例I-1同样地操作，获得第一电池单体I-2。
[制备例I-3]
除了正极活性物质使用第一正极活性物质LiNi 0.6Co 0.2Mn 0.2O 2(NCM)和第二正极活性物质钛酸锂(LTO)以外，与制备例I-1同样地操作，获得第一电池单体I-3。
[制备例I-4]
除了正极活性物质使用第一正极活性物质磷酸铁锂(LFP)和第二正极活性物质锰酸锂(LMO)以外，与制备例I-1同样地操作，获得第一电池单体I-4。
[制备例I-5]
除了正极活性物质使用第一正极活性物质磷酸铁锂(LFP)和第二正极活性物质钛酸锂(LTO)以外，与制备例I-1同样地操作，获得第一电池单体I-5。
[制备例I-6]
除了第二正极活性物质LFP与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为2.5∶97.5以外，与制备例I-1同样地操作，获得第一电池单体I-6。
[制备例I-7]
除了第二正极活性物质LMO与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为2.5∶97.5以外，与制备例I-2同样地操作，获得第一电池单体I-7。
[制备例I-8]
除了第二正极活性物质LTO与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为2.5∶97.5以外，与制备例I-3同样地操作，获得第一电池单体I-8。
[制备例I-9]
除了第二正极活性物质LMO与第一正极活性物质LFP的质量比为2.5∶97.5以外，与制备例I-4同样地操作，获得第一电池单体I-9。
[制备例I-10]
除了第二正极活性物质LTO与第一正极活性物质LFP的质量比为2.5∶97.5以外，与制备例I-5同样地操作，获得第一电池单体I-10。
[制备例I-11]
除了第二正极活性物质LTO与第一正极活性物质LFP的质量比为7.5∶92.5以外，与制备例I-5同样地操作，获得第一电池单体I-11。
[制备例I-12]
除了正极活性物质仅使用NCM以外，与制备例I-1同样地操作，获得第一电池单体I-12。
[制备例I-13]
除了第二正极活性物质LFP与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为22.5∶77.5以外，与制备例I-1同样地操作，获得第一电池单体I-13。
[制备例I-14]
除了第二正极活性物质LTO与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为55∶45以外，与制备例I-3同样地操作，获得第一电池单体I-14。
[制备例I-15]
除了第二正极活性物质LTO与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为0.5∶99.5以外，与制备例I-3同样地操作，获得第一电池单体I-15。
[制备例I-16]
除了第二正极活性物质LFP与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为37.5∶62.5以外，与制备例I-1同样地操作，获得第一电池单体I-16。
II.第二电池单体的制备
[制备例II-1]
除了第二正极活性物质LFP与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为22.5∶77.5以外，与制备例I-1同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-1。
[制备例II-2]
除了第二正极活性物质LMO与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为22.5∶77.5以外，与制备例I-2同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-2。
[制备例II-3]
除了第二正极活性物质LTO与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为22.5∶77.5以外，与制备例I-3同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-3。
[制备例II-4]
除了第二正极活性物质LMO与第一正极活性物质LFP的质量比为22.5∶77.5以外，与制备例I-4同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-4。
[制备例II-5]
除了第二正极活性物质LTO与第一正极活性物质LFP的质量比为22.5∶77.5以外，与制备例I-5同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-5。
[制备例II-6]
除了第二正极活性物质LFP与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为50∶50以外，与制备例I-1同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-6。
[制备例II-7]
除了第二正极活性物质LMO与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为50∶50以外，与制备例I-2同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-7。
[制备例II-8]
除了第二正极活性物质LTO与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为50∶50以外，与制备例I-3同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-8。
[制备例II-9]
除了第二正极活性物质LMO与第一正极活性物质LFP的质量比为50∶50以外，与制备例I-4同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-9。
[制备例II-10]
除了第二正极活性物质LTO与第一正极活性物质LFP的质量比为50∶50以外，与制备例I-5同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-10。
[制备例II-11]
除了第二正极活性物质LMO与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为7.5∶92.5以外，与制备例I-2同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-11。
[制备例II-12]
除了正极活性物质仅使用LFP以外，与制备例I-1同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-12。
[制备例II-13]
除了正极活性物质仅使用NCM以外，与制备例I-1同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-13。
[制备例II-14]
除了第二正极活性物质LFP与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为5∶95以外，与制备例I-1同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-14。
[制备例II-15]
除了第二正极活性物质LTO与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为65∶35以外，与制备例I-3同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-15。
[制备例II-16]
除了第二正极活性物质LTO与第一正极活性物质NCM的质量比为2∶98以外，与制备例I-3同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-16。
[制备例II-17]
除了第二正极活性物质LTO与第一正极活性物质LFP的质量比为60∶40以外，与制备例I-5同样地操作，获得第二电池单体II-17。
(二)电池包的组装
[实施例1]
如图2所示，电池包箱体的内部空间划分为第一区域R1和第二区域R2，在第一区域R1中配置第一电池单体I-1作为第一电池单体61，在第二区域R2中配置第二电池单体II-1作为第二电池单体62，组装成电池包。其中，第一电池单体61的数量∶第二电池单体62的数量＝12∶72。
[实施例2]
除了使用第一电池单体I-2代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-2代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例3]
除了使用第一电池单体I-3代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-3代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例4]
除了使用第一电池单体I-4代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池 单体II-4代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例5]
除了使用第一电池单体I-5代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-5代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例6]
除了使用第一电池单体I-6代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-6代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例7]
除了使用第一电池单体I-7代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-7代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例8]
除了使用第一电池单体I-8代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-8代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例9]
除了使用第一电池单体I-9代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-9代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例10]
除了使用第一电池单体I-10代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-10代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例11]
除了使用第一电池单体I-14代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-15代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例12]
除了使用第一电池单体I-15代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-16代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例13]
除了使用第一电池单体I-7代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-11代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例14]
除了使用第一电池单体I-7代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-10代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例15]
除了使用第一电池单体I-11代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-10代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例16]
除了使用第一电池单体I-16代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-17代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例17]
与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例18]
与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例19]
与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例20]
与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[实施例21]
与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[对比例1]
除了使用第一电池单体I-12代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-12代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[对比例2]
除了使用第一电池单体I-12代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-13代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[对比例3]
除了使用第一电池单体I-13代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-14代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装成电池包。
[对比例4]
除了使用第一电池单体I-11代替第一电池单体I-1，使用第二电池单体II-11代替第二电池单体II-1以外，与实施例1同样地操作，组装 成电池包。
(三)相关测试
1、电池单体第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量的测定
对实施例1～21和对比例1～4的各电池包中的第一电池单体和第二电池单体，分别使用新威动力电池测试机(型号BTS-5V300A-4CH)测量25℃时第一电池单体和第二电池单体各自的第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量，进而计算出第一电池单体和第二电池单体各自的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比(％)。
电池单体的放电容量的测量方法如下：
(1)将电池单体在25℃静置2h，确保电池单体的温度为25℃；
(2)在25℃以0.33C将电池单体充电至下述的表1所示的充电截止电压后，继续以该充电截止电压进行恒压充电，直至电流为0.05C，充电截止(其中，C表示电池单体额定容量)；
(3)将电池单体在25℃静置1h；
(4)在25℃以0.33C将电池单体放电至下述的表1所示的放电截止电压，记录电池单体放出的总放电容量C0；
(5)得出步骤(4)中的放电曲线，例如，如本申请的图3中用虚线表示的放电曲线，在图3中用虚线表示的放电曲线中，B点前的放电容量合计为第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量C1，B点至放电截止电压的放电容量为第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量C2。
因此，电池单体的第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比＝C1/C0，电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比＝C2/C0。
[表1]
正极活性物质种类 充电截止电压(V) 放电截止电压(V)
NCM+LFP 4.2 2.5
NCM+LMO 4.2 2
NCM+LTO 4.2 2
LFP+LMO 3.6 2
LFP+LTO 3.6 2
2、电池包-20℃总能量保持率的测定
另外，对实施例1～21和对比例1～4的各电池包，分别使用新威动力电池测试机(型号BTS-5V300A-4CH)测量电池包25℃总满放能量和电池包-20℃总满放能量，用电池包-20℃总满放能量除以电池包25℃总满放能量，计算出电池包-20℃总能量保持率(％)。
电池包25℃总满放能量的测量按照《GBT 31467.2-2015电池包及系统高能量应用测试规程》中的“7.1.2室温下的容量和能量测试”进行。
电池包-20℃总满放能量的测量按照《GBT 31467.2-2015电池包及系统高能量应用测试规程》中的“7.1.4低温下的容量和能量测试”进行。将实施例1～21和对比例1～4的各电池包的组成和测试结果示于下述的表2～表5。
Figure PCTCN2021126372-appb-000001
根据上述表2的结果可知，在实施例1～5中，第一电池单体和第二电池单体均具有第一放电电压平台和第二放电电压平台，并且，第二电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比大于第一电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比，电池包-20℃总能量保持率达到86％～92％。
在对比例1和对比例2中，第一电池单体和第二电池单体都仅具有一个放电电压平台，电池包-20℃总能量保持率仅为74％和71％。
在对比例3中，虽然第一电池单体和第二电池单体均具有第一放电电压平台和第二放电电压平台，但是，第二电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比小于第一电池单体的第二放电电压平台的放电容量占比，电池包-20℃总能量保持率仅为63％。
Figure PCTCN2021126372-appb-000002
根据上述表3的结果可知，在实施例1、6～10中，第一电池单体和第二电池单体均具有第一放电电压平台和第二放电电压平台，第二电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比大于第一电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比，并且，第一电池单体和第二电池单体各自的第一放电电压平台的最低放电电压与第二放电电压平台的最高放电电压之差在0.25-0.6V的范围，电池包-20℃总能量保持率达到82％～92％。
而在实施例11中，第一电池单体和第二电池单体各自的第一放电电压平台的最低放电电压与第二放电电压平台的最高放电电压之差均小于0.25V，电池包-20℃总能量保持率为63％。
在实施例12中，第一电池单体和第二电池单体各自的第一放电电压平台的最低放电电压与第二放电电压平台的最高放电电压之差均大于0.6V，电池包-20℃总能量保持率为72％。
Figure PCTCN2021126372-appb-000003
根据上述表4的结果可知，在实施例1、13～15中，第一电池单体和第二电池单体均具有第一放电电压平台和第二放电电压平台，第二电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比大于第一电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比，并且，第一电池单体和第二电池单体各自中的第二正极活性物质的质量占比和第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比在本申请中记载的优选范围内，电池包-20℃总能量保持率达到81％～92％。
而在对比例4中，第二电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比小于第一电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比，电池包-20℃总能量保持率仅为70％。
在实施例16中，虽然第二电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比大于第一电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比，但是第一电池单体和第二电池单体各自中的第二正极活性物质的质量占比和第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比在本申请中记载的优选范围以外，电池包-20℃总能量保持率为62％。
Figure PCTCN2021126372-appb-000004
根据上述表5的结果可知，在实施例1、17～18中，第一电池单体和第二电池单体均具有第一放电电压平台和第二放电电压平台，第二电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比大于第一电池单体的第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比，并且，-20℃时第一电池单体的放电截止电压与第二电池单体的放电截止电压之差、以及第二电池单体的放电截止电压在本申请中记载的优选范围内，电池包-20℃总能量保持率达到87％～94％。
而在实施例19中，-20℃时第二电池单体的放电截止电压大于第一电池单体的放电截止电压，电池包-20℃总能量保持率为65％。
在实施例20中，-20℃时第一电池单体的放电截止电压和第二电池单体的放电截止电压过低，虽然电池包-20℃总能量保持率达到88％，但是如上所述会损害电池单体的循环性能。
在实施例21中，虽然-20℃第一电池单体的放电截止电压与第二电池单体的放电截止电压之差在本申请中记载的优选范围内，但是-20℃时第一电池单体的放电截止电压和第二电池单体的放电截止电压过高，电池包-20℃总能量保持率为66％。
需要说明的是，本申请不限定于上述实施方式。上述实施方式仅为示例，在本申请的技术方案范围内具有与技术思想实质相同的构成、发挥相同作用效果的实施方式均包含在本申请的技术范围内。此外，在不脱离本申请主旨的范围内，对实施方式施加本领域技术人员能够想到的各种变形、将实施方式中的一部分构成要素加以组合而构筑的其它方式也包含在本申请的范围内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电池包，其包括电池包箱体和被收纳在所述电池包箱体中的电池单体，所述电池包的特征在于，
    所述电池包箱体的内部空间由第一区域和第二区域组成，在所述第一区域中配置有第一电池单体，在所述第二区域中配置有第二电池单体，所述第二电池单体包围所述第一电池单体的周围排布，
    所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体各自具有第一放电电压平台和第二放电电压平台，所述第一放电电压平台的平均放电电压高于所述第二放电电压平台的平均放电电压，
    在所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体各自中，当所述第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量之和为100％时，所述第二电池单体的所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比大于所述第一电池单体的所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占比。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，
    在所述第一、第二电池单体中，所述第一放电电压平台的最低放电电压与所述第二放电电压平台的最高放电电压之差为0.25-0.6V。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池包，其特征在于，
    在所述第一电池单体中，当所述第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量之和为100％时，所述第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量占91.8％-99％，所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占1％-8.2％。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，
    在所述第二电池单体中，当所述第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量和所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量之和为100％时，所述第一放电电压平台对应的放电容量占52.5％-96.8％，所述第二放电电压平台对应的放电容量占3.2％-47.5％。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，
    所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体各自的正极活性物质由具有所述第一放电电压平台的第一正极活性物质和具有所述第二放电电压平台的第二正极活性物质混合而成。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池包，其特征在于，
    所述第一正极活性物质和所述第二正极活性物质各自独立地选自镍酸锂、钴酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂、镍钴铝酸锂、磷酸铁锂、锰酸锂、钛酸锂和二氧化锰中的至少一种。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的电池包，其特征在于，
    所述第一正极活性物质为镍钴锰酸锂，所述第二正极活性物质为磷酸铁锂，
    或者，所述第一正极活性物质为镍钴锰酸锂，所述第二正极活性物质为锰酸锂或钛酸锂，
    或者，所述第一正极活性物质为磷酸铁锂，所述第二正极活性物质为锰酸锂或钛酸锂。
  8. 根据权利要求5-7中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，
    当所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体中所述第一正极活性物质种类相同且所述第二正极活性物质种类相同时，所述第一正极活性物质占正极活性物质的质量占比按照第一电池单体、第二电池单体的顺序递减，所述第二正极活性物质占正极活性物质的质量占比按照第一电池单体、第二电池单体的顺序递增。
  9. 根据权利要求5-8中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，
    在所述第一电池单体中，当所述第一正极活性物质和所述第二正极活性物质的总质量为100％时，所述第一正极活性物质的质量占92.5％～97.5％，所述第二正极活性物质的质量占2.5％～7.5％。
  10. 根据权利要求5-9中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，
    在所述第二电池单体中，当所述第一正极活性物质和所述第二正极活性物质的总质量为100％时，所述第一正极活性物质的质量占50％～92.5％，所述第二正极活性物质的质量占7.5％～50％。
  11. 根据权利要求7-10中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，
    当所述第一正极活性物质为镍钴锰酸锂，所述第二正极活性物质为磷酸铁锂时，所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体中的所述第二正极活性物质的质量之比为1∶(9-17)；
    当所述第一正极活性物质为镍钴锰酸锂，所述第二正极活性物质为钛酸锂或锰酸锂时，所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体中的所述第二正极活性物质的质量之比为1∶(9-13)；
    当所述第一正极活性物质为磷酸铁锂，所述第二正极活性物质为钛酸锂或锰酸锂时，所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体中的所述第二正极活性物质的质量之比为1∶(9-17)。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，
    在0℃以下的温度下，所述第一电池单体的放电截止电压比所述第二电池单体的放电截止电压高0～0.3V，所述第二电池单体的放电截止电压为1.6V以上。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，
    所述第一电池单体的数量∶所述第二电池单体的数量＝(3～8)∶(18～28)。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，
    不同电池单体的空隙中设置有电容器。
  15. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-14中任一项所述的电池包。
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