WO2023065911A1

WO2023065911A1 - Preform having preset hole channels having yarns implanted and preparation method for preform

Info

Publication number: WO2023065911A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/119353
Authority: WO
Inventors: 朱建勋; 瞿书涯; 张方超; 郑云; 陈婷婷; 邢丹丹; 王芳芳
Original assignee: 南京玻璃纤维研究设计院有限公司; 中国建材集团有限公司
Priority date: 2021-10-21
Filing date: 2022-09-16
Publication date: 2023-04-27
Also published as: CN114411306B; CN114411306A

Abstract

A preform having preset hole channels having yarns implanted and a preparation method for the preform, which are applied to the field of fiber preforms. The preparation method comprises the following steps: designing widening yarn having certain width and thickness according to the property requirements of a composite material; sequentially flatly laying the widening yarn in multiple directions; for the used widening yarn, machining holes having a certain diameter in center lines or edges of yarn bundles in the length direction; by means of computer aided design, flatly laying widening yarn having various widths in multiple directions and multiple layers; forming regular holes channels in the thickness direction, the formed hole channels being perpendicular to the flatly laid yarn layer, inclined in a single direction, inclined in multiple directions, etc.; and flatly laying the widening yarn to have a required thickness size, and then filling fibers into the hole channels one by one under the control of a computer program to form a preform. The method avoids the abrasion of fiber bundles in a conventional preform forming process, reduces the device complexity, and improves the product properties.

Description

A prefabricated body with pre-set channels and yarns on it and its preparation method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber prefabricated bodies, and in particular relates to a prefabricated body in which channels are preset and yarns are deposited on them, and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

The prefabricated body is an integral structural material formed from fiber bundles after certain processing. The overall structure of fiber bundles overcomes the problem of low mechanical properties and only relying on enhanced matrix performance between layers of laminates, and becomes an important part of high-performance composite materials. An important form of high-performance composite material reinforced structure is the braided prefabricated body prepared by the three-dimensional weaving technology derived from the textile process. Its main features are:

1. The fiber bundles are interwoven and oriented in multiple directions in the prefabricated body, thereby forming an overall non-layered structure, so that the part can be strengthened in all directions, especially in the thickness direction.

2. It can directly imitate and weave integral special-shaped parts of various shapes and sizes, such as three-dimensional integral thick-walled circular tubes, rings, cone sleeves, I-shaped beams, T-shaped beams, L-shaped beams, and box-shaped beams wait. The composite material parts made of it do not need to be processed again, which avoids the damage of fiber bundles caused by processing.

3. Various high-performance fiber bundles can be used for weaving, such as carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, quartz fiber, alumina fiber, aramid fiber, glass fiber and ordinary fiber. Therefore, the traditional prefabricated body molding technology has developed rapidly in recent years, and has become one of the key preparation technologies for composite components used in high-tech fields such as aviation and aerospace, and has a good development prospect.

Although the currently prepared preforms have improved the mechanical properties of the preforms in the circumferential direction and between layers, due to the traditional preform molding process, the fiber bundle handover process is complicated, the tension changes greatly, and the wear is serious, which seriously damages the performance of the fiber bundles. In addition, the braiding equipment has a large size, a large footprint, and poor versatility, which increases the manufacturing cost of the prefabricated body.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated body with pre-set channels and its yarns, and its preparation method. The fibers of the braided structure are decomposed into the laying direction and the yarns direction by computer, which solves the problems existing in the formation of the existing prefabricated body. shortcoming.

The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the present invention is: a method for preparing a prefabricated body that presets a channel and holds a yarn on it, comprising the following steps:

Step (1): Prepare a preform with preset channels

Step (11) Model the prefabricated body, determine the X direction in the prefabricated body model, the Y direction and other directions except the X and Y directions, remove the fiber bundles in other directions, and the rest is the prefabricated channel. Prefabricated body model, which decomposes the prefabricated body model with preset channels into multiple layers of perforated fiber layers, each layer of perforated fiber layer consists of X-direction fiber bundles and Y-direction fiber bundles, or fibers located in any direction in the X-Y plane bundle composition;

Step (12): According to the shape and position requirements of the holes on the XOY surface fiber layer with holes obtained in step (11), prepare a fiber layer with micropores;

Step (13): Processing the profile of the fiber layer with micropores obtained in step (12) to obtain the fiber layer with holes described in step (11);

Step (14): laying and pressing the perforated fiber layers obtained in step (13) layer by layer to obtain a prefabricated body with preset channels;

Step (2): Implanting fiber bundles in other directions into the channels of the preform with preset channels prepared in step (1) to obtain a preform.

Further, the minimum structural unit of the prefabricated body in step (11) is an orthogonal three-way, 2.5D weaving, three-dimensional body core or three-dimensional surface core;

For the prefabricated body whose smallest structural unit is three-orthogonal, the fiber bundles in other directions are Z-direction fiber bundles;

For the prefabricated body whose minimum structural unit is 2.5D weaving, the fiber bundles in other directions are unbent fiber bundles;

For the prefabricated body whose minimum structural unit is a three-dimensional face core, the face angles on the opposite faces constitute the XOY face, and the fiber bundles in other directions are all fiber bundles except the XOY face;

For the prefabricated body whose minimum structural unit is a three-dimensional body core, any two body diagonals form the XOY plane, and the fiber bundles in other directions are all fiber bundles except the XOY plane.

Further, the fiber layer in step (12) is a dry, semi-dry or wet fiber layer.

Further, the method for preparing the fiber layer with micropores in step (12) is:

The fiber layer with holes is formed by laying the expanded yarn with holes;

Alternatively, a micropore forming device is used to form micropores in the unidirectional, bidirectional or multidirectional stretched cloth, thereby obtaining a fiber layer with micropores.

Further, step (13) also includes the following steps: processing the profile of the fiber layer without micropores to obtain the same fiber layer without micropores as the profile of the fiber layer with holes described in step (11) ;

When laying the fiber layer in step (14), multiple layers of fiber layers with holes and one layer of fiber layers without micropores are laid alternately to obtain a prefabricated body with channels that are not connected. Use of in-plane fibers to increase friction.

Further, the step (12) also includes the following steps: preparing a plurality of fiber layers with partial holes in the fiber layer with holes, and the positions and shapes of the holes in the fiber layers with holes are not completely the same;

When laying the fiber layers in step (14), the fiber layers with holes and the fiber layers with partial holes are laid alternately to obtain a prefabricated body with channels with incomplete channels, and the incomplete positions of the channels are not located in the same fiber layer.

Further, step (12) also includes the following steps: the size of the micropores of the prepared part of the fiber layer with micropores is smaller than the cross-sectional size of the fiber bundle to be implanted except in the XOY plane;

When laying fiber layers in step (14), alternately lay fiber layers with holes with different micropore sizes to obtain prefabricated body with channels with incomplete channel sizes. The use of fibers inside to increase friction.

Further, the shape of the plurality of perforated fiber layers to be processed decomposed in step (11), that is, the cross-section of the preform is rectangular, trapezoidal or "back";

When the cross section is "back" shaped, the profile of the fiber layer processed in step (13) is the developed profile of the "back" shaped cross section.

Further, the micropore forming device in step (12) "Using the micropore forming device to form micropores in the unidirectional or bidirectional stretched cloth, and then obtain the fiber layer with micropores" includes creel, traction device, Coating device, pulling device, piercing device, pulling device and winding device;

The spread cloth enters the coating device under the action of the traction device, and the coating material placed in the hopper is evenly sprayed on the spread cloth;

Driven by the traction device, the stretched cloth whose surface is coated with the coating material enters the piercing device, and the piercing of the stretched cloth is realized in the piercing device. At the same time as the piercing, the dressing is heated by a laser heater to make it melt , and finally form a fibrous layer with pinholes and fused coating material with micropores.

Further, the processing device of the expanded yarn with holes has the same structure as the micropore forming device with the fiber layer of micropores, but the size is different. The size of the roll unit is determined according to the size of the spread yarn.

Further, in step (14), "laying and pressing the perforated fiber layer obtained in step (13) layer by layer to obtain a prefabricated body with preset channels" is specifically:

Step (141): Taking the boundary around the first layer of fiber layer as the preliminary positioning basis, pre-positioning each subsequent layer of fiber;

Step (142): Using the "triangle" positioning method, starting from a boundary of the fiber layer, positioning;

Step (143): Starting from the second layer, pressurize above the molding area of the molding equipment after each layer is laid, so as to obtain the number of layers in centimeters obtained according to the calculation formula of fiber volume content, and at the same time use the adsorption method to perform layer-by-layer positioning, Dimensional shape, repeat the above steps to complete the laying of all fiber layers, and obtain a prefabricated body with channels without fiber bundles to be implanted.

Further, the fibers to be implanted are implanted into the "skeleton" with channels by using thread introduction, needle introduction, fiber rod implantation or vacuum adsorption to obtain a prefabricated body.

A preform is prepared by the above method.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has significant advantages in that:

1. All fiber bundle directions of the weaving structure can be converted and decomposed into fiber bundles in the laying direction and fiber bundles in the yarn-resident direction through computer design;

2. Yarn laying and yarn retention are independent of each other, which eliminates the handover and bending of fiber bundles in weaving;

3. Multi-directional tiling of the preset channels and their fixed yarns reduces the movement and wear of fiber bundles in the weaving process;

4. The processing equipment occupies a small area and has strong versatility;

5. Only a single (direction) yarn bundle moves in any processing period, which is convenient for the realization of mechanization and automation technology.

6. The yarn bundle of the prefabricated body designed and prepared by the invention is straight and has little damage, which can improve the fiber performance utilization rate of the high-performance fiber prefabricated body and the mechanical properties of the prefabricated body composite material.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the expanded fiber bundle with holes used in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the fiber layer with holes in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the micropore forming device of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the coating device of the micropore forming device of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the piercing device of the microhole forming device of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the preform with channels of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a preform with an impermeable channel according to the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a prefabricated body with channels whose channel sizes are not completely consistent according to the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the preform of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the Z-direction fiber bundle implantation method of the present invention; wherein (a) is a wire-guided type, (b) is a needle-induced type, (c) is an air suction type, and (d) is a carbon rod implanted type.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a 2.5D braided structure prefabricated body of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a prefabricated body with a three-dimensional body core structure of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional surface-core structure prefabricated body of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1-9, the preparation of an orthogonal three-dimensional preform includes the following steps:

Step (1): Prepare a preform with preset channels, as shown in Figure 6

Step (11) Model the prefabricated body, determine the X direction, Y direction and Z direction in the prefabricated body model, remove the fiber bundles in the Z direction, and the remaining part is the prefabricated body model with preset channels, which will bring The prefabricated body model with preset channels is decomposed into multiple layers of perforated fiber layers, as shown in Figure 2;

Step (12): According to the shape and position requirements of the holes on the multi-layer porous fiber layer obtained in step (11), prepare a fiber layer with micropores; use the holed stretched yarn to lay the holed fiber layer; The structure of the hole-expanded yarn is shown in Figure 1, and the processing method of the hole-expanded yarn is as follows:

Step (121): widen the fiber that needs to be formed with micropores to obtain a widened fiber bundle with a predetermined width, and wind it to the yarn storage tray on the yarn storage rack 1;

Step (122): introduce the stretched fiber bundle on the yarn storage rack 1 into the first drawing device 2, under the traction and extrusion of the rollers of the first drawing device 2 and the second drawing device 4, the coating device 3 will The material to be coated is uniformly coated on the surface of the widened fiber bundle, wherein the coating device 3 controls the amount of coating material on the surface of the widened fiber bundle to ensure that the thickness of the widened fiber bundle does not change significantly after coating; materials such as resin can be sprayed as needed Chemical treatment, to ensure uniform distribution on the widened fiber bundle, coating device 3 as shown in Figure 4;

Step (123): the coated widened fiber bundle is passed through the hole-forming device under the action of the third traction device 6, and the widened fiber bundle is sent to between the needle-removing plate 503 and the hole-forming bottom plate 502 of the punching device 5, The hole-forming needles move downwards through the pinholes on the needle stripping plate 503 and the widened fiber bundles and enter the pinholes of the hole-forming bottom plate 502, thereby forming holes on the widened fiber bundles. Before the hole-forming needles exit the widened fiber bundles, The laser source provides energy to trigger the curing of the resin or film-like material, thereby ensuring the retention of the shape of the pinholes. After the resin or film-like material is cured, the needle-removing plate 503 moves down to compact and widen the fiber bundle, and at this time the hole-forming needle moves up to separate from the widened fiber Then, pinholes of predetermined shape are formed. During the forward movement of the widened fiber bundle under the action of the traction device, the multi-degree-of-freedom head 505 moves along the direction perpendicular to the widened fiber bundle, passes through the widened fiber bundle, and enters the hole-forming base plate. 502, the process of widening the fiber bundle moves intermittently, which coincides with the frequency of the vertical movement of the multi-degree-of-freedom head 505, as shown in Figure 5;

Step (124): Under the action of the third pulling device 6, the widened fiber bundles having formed a predetermined shape, spacing, and number of pores are pulled to the winding device 7, and then the widened fiber bundles with micropores having a certain length (such as Figure 1).

Step (143): Starting from the second layer, pressurize above the molding area of the molding equipment after each layer is laid, so as to obtain the number of layers in centimeters obtained according to the calculation formula of fiber volume content, and at the same time use the adsorption method to perform layer-by-layer positioning, Dimensional shape, repeat the above steps to complete the laying of all fiber layers, and obtain a prefabricated body with channels without Z-direction fiber bundles.

Step (2): Implanting fiber bundles in other directions in the channel of the prefabricated body with preset channels prepared in step (1) to obtain a prefabricated body;

Using wire introduction as shown in Figure 10(a), needle introduction as shown in Figure 10(b), fiber rod implantation as shown in Figure 10(c), or vacuum suction as shown in Figure 10(d) The prefabricated body is obtained by implanting Z-direction fibers into the "skeleton" with channels.

Example 2

The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the method of preparing a fiber layer with micropores in step (12) is to use a micropore forming device to form micropores in a unidirectional, bidirectional or multidirectional stretched cloth, and then obtain a fiber layer with micropores. Microporous fiber layer.

Example 3

As shown in Figure 7, the difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the preset channel of the prepared preform is an impermeable damping channel, and the preparation method is as follows:

Step (13) also includes the following steps: processing the profile of the fiber layer without micropores to obtain a fiber layer without micropores that is identical to the profile of the fiber layer with holes described in step (11);

Example 4

The difference between embodiment 4 and embodiment 3 is that: the impermeable part of the impermeable channel in the preform is not located in the same fiber layer, and the preparation method is as follows:

Step (12) also includes the following steps: preparing a plurality of fiber layers with partial holes in the fiber layer with holes, and the positions and shapes of the holes in the fiber layers with holes are not completely the same;

Example 5

As shown in Figure 8, the difference between Example 5 and Example 1 lies in that the dimensions of the channels of the prepared preform with channels are inconsistent, and the cross-sectional area of the smallest channel size is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the fiber bundle to be implanted. area, prepared as follows:

Step (12) also includes the following steps: the size of the micropores of the prepared part of the fiber layer with micropores is smaller than the cross-sectional size of the Z-direction fiber bundle to be implanted;

When laying fiber layers in step (14), alternately lay fiber layers with holes with different micropore sizes to obtain a prefabricated body with channels with incomplete channel sizes. Use of bundles to increase friction.

Example 6

As shown in Figure 11, the prefabricated body of the 2.5D braided structure is prepared. The difference between the preparation method and Example 1 is:

Determine the non-bending fiber bundle in the preform model as the Z-direction yarn bundle, that is, the yarn bundle to be implanted, define the surface perpendicular to the Z-direction yarn bundle as the XOY surface, and remove the Z-direction yarn bundle. A prefabricated body model with preset channels, decomposing the prefabricated body model with preset channels into multiple layers of perforated fiber layers, each layer of perforated fiber layers consists of X-direction fiber bundles and Y-direction fiber bundles.

Example 7

As shown in Figure 12, the preform of the three-dimensional body core structure is prepared, the difference between the preparation method and Example 1 is:

For the prefabricated body whose minimum structural unit is the three-dimensional core, any two body diagonals form the XOY plane, and the fiber bundles in other directions are all fiber bundles except the XOY plane, that is, the fiber bundles to be implanted.

Example 8

As shown in Figure 13, the prefabricated body of the three-dimensional surface core structure is prepared. The difference between the preparation method and Example 1 is:

For the prefabricated body whose minimum structural unit is a three-dimensional surface core, the facing angles on the opposite surfaces constitute the XOY surface, and the fiber bundles in other directions are all fiber bundles except the XOY surface, that is, the fiber bundles to be implanted.

Claims

A method for preparing a prefabricated body with preset tunnels and yarns on it, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

Step (1): Prepare a preform with preset channels

Step (11) Model the prefabricated body, determine the X direction in the prefabricated body model, the Y direction and other directions except the X and Y directions, remove the fiber bundles in other directions, and the rest is the prefabricated channel. Prefabricated body model, which decomposes the prefabricated body model with preset channels into multiple layers of perforated fiber layers, each layer of perforated fiber layer consists of X-direction fiber bundles and Y-direction fiber bundles, or fibers located in any direction in the X-Y plane bundle composition;

Step (12): According to the shape and position requirements of the holes on the XOY surface fiber layer with holes obtained in step (11), prepare a fiber layer with micropores;

Step (13): Processing the profile of the fiber layer with micropores obtained in step (12) to obtain the fiber layer with holes described in step (11);

Step (14): laying and pressing the perforated fiber layers obtained in step (13) layer by layer to obtain a prefabricated body with preset channels;

Step (2): Implanting fiber bundles in other directions into the channels of the preform with preset channels prepared in step (1) to obtain a preform.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the minimum structural unit of the prefabricated body in step (11) is an orthogonal three-way, 2.5D weaving, three-dimensional body core or three-dimensional surface core;

For the prefabricated body whose smallest structural unit is three-orthogonal, the fiber bundles in other directions are Z-direction fiber bundles;

For the prefabricated body whose minimum structural unit is 2.5D weaving, the fiber bundles in other directions are unbent fiber bundles;

For the prefabricated body whose minimum structural unit is a three-dimensional face core, the face angles on the opposite faces constitute the XOY face, and the fiber bundles in other directions are all fiber bundles except the XOY face;

For the prefabricated body whose minimum structural unit is a three-dimensional body core, any two body diagonals form the XOY plane, and the fiber bundles in other directions are all fiber bundles except the XOY plane.
The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber layer in step (12) is a dry, semi-dry or wet fiber layer.
method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the method for preparing the fibrous layer with micropores in step (12) is:

The fiber layer with holes is formed by laying the expanded yarn with holes;

Alternatively, a micropore forming device is used to form micropores in the unidirectional, bidirectional or multidirectional stretched cloth, thereby obtaining a fiber layer with micropores.
The method according to claim 1, characterized in that step (13) also includes the step of: processing the profile of the fiber layer without micropores to obtain the profile of the fiber layer with holes described in step (11) Fibrous layers with the same profile without pores;

When laying the fiber layer in step (14), multiple layers of fiber layers with holes and one layer of fiber layers without micropores are laid alternately to obtain a prefabricated body with channels that are not connected. Use of in-plane fibers to increase friction.
The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, step (12) also includes the steps of: preparing a plurality of partially holed fiber layers with partly holed fiber layers, the positions and positions of the holes of a plurality of partly holed fiber layers Not exactly the same shape;

When laying the fiber layers in step (14), the fiber layers with holes and the fiber layers with partial holes are laid alternately to obtain a prefabricated body with channels with incomplete channels, and the incomplete positions of the channels are not located in the same fiber layer.
The method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step (12) also includes the following steps: the size of the micropores of the prepared part of the fiber layer with micropores is smaller than that of the fiber bundles to be implanted except in the XOY plane cross-sectional dimensions;

When laying fiber layers in step (14), alternately lay fiber layers with holes with different micropore sizes to obtain prefabricated body with channels with incomplete channel sizes. The use of fibers inside to increase friction.
The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the shape of the plurality of perforated fiber layers to be processed decomposed in step (11), that is, the cross-section of the prefabricated body, is rectangular, trapezoidal or "back";

When the cross section is "back" shaped, the profile of the fiber layer processed in step (13) is the developed profile of the "back" shaped cross section.
The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the micropore forming device in step (12) "using a micropore forming device to form micropores in a unidirectional or bidirectional stretched cloth, thereby obtaining a fiber layer with micropores" Including the creel, traction device, coating device, traction device, piercing device, traction device and winding device arranged in sequence;

The spread cloth enters the coating device under the action of the traction device, and the coating material placed in the hopper is evenly sprayed on the spread cloth;

Driven by the traction device, the stretched cloth whose surface is coated with the coating material enters the piercing device, and the piercing of the stretched cloth is realized in the piercing device. At the same time as the piercing, the dressing is heated by a laser heater to make it melt , and finally form a fibrous layer with pinholes and fused coating material with micropores.
The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, the processing device of the expanded yarn with holes and the micropore forming device with the fiber layer of micropores have the same structure and different sizes, creel, traction device, coating device, traction The size of the device, piercing device, pulling device and winding device is determined according to the size of the spread yarn.
The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (14), "laying and pressing the perforated fiber layer obtained in step (13) layer by layer to obtain a prefabricated body with preset channels" Specifically:

Step (141): Taking the boundary around the first layer of fiber layer as the preliminary positioning basis, pre-positioning each subsequent layer of fiber;

Step (142): Using the "triangle" positioning method, starting from a boundary of the fiber layer, positioning;

Step (143): Starting from the second layer, pressurize above the molding area of the molding equipment after each layer is laid, so as to obtain the number of layers in centimeters obtained according to the calculation formula of fiber volume content, and at the same time use the adsorption method to perform layer-by-layer positioning, Dimensional shape, repeat the above steps to complete the laying of all fiber layers, and obtain a prefabricated body with channels without fiber bundles to be implanted.
The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber to be implanted is implanted into the "skeleton" with a channel by using thread introduction, needle introduction, fiber rod implantation or vacuum adsorption to obtain a prefabricated body.
A preform, characterized in that it is prepared by the method described in any one of claims 1-11.