WO2023065193A1 - 电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023065193A1
WO2023065193A1 PCT/CN2021/125114 CN2021125114W WO2023065193A1 WO 2023065193 A1 WO2023065193 A1 WO 2023065193A1 CN 2021125114 W CN2021125114 W CN 2021125114W WO 2023065193 A1 WO2023065193 A1 WO 2023065193A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
collecting member
heat
current collecting
shrinkable film
wall
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/125114
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
方堃
郭志君
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP21960944.3A priority Critical patent/EP4329050A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/125114 priority patent/WO2023065193A1/zh
Priority to JP2023541758A priority patent/JP2024503028A/ja
Priority to CN202180091174.1A priority patent/CN116745971A/zh
Priority to KR1020247000895A priority patent/KR20240019323A/ko
Publication of WO2023065193A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023065193A1/zh
Priority to US18/223,064 priority patent/US20230361380A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01M50/474—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by their position inside the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01M50/48—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/588—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries outside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of terminals or busbars
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/595—Tapes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and a method and equipment for manufacturing the battery cell.
  • the battery cell During the charging and discharging process of the battery, the battery cell will have the risk of short circuit, which poses a great safety hazard. How to reduce the probability of battery cell short circuit and improve the safety of the battery cell and the battery is crucial to the development of battery technology. important.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and a manufacturing method and equipment for the battery cell.
  • the battery cell is not prone to short circuit and has high safety.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, which includes a casing, including a wall; electrode terminals, insulated and installed on the wall; an electrode assembly, arranged in the casing, and the electrode assembly includes a main body and a first tab.
  • the tab is formed at one end of the main body close to the wall; the current collecting member is arranged between the electrode assembly and the wall, and the current collecting member is used to connect the first tab and the electrode terminal; heat shrinkable film, at least a part of the heat shrinkable film Covering the side of the current collecting member facing the wall to insulate and separate the current collecting member and the wall.
  • the heat-shrinkable film wraps the current-collecting member in a heat-shrinking manner, so as to insulate and isolate the current-collecting member and the wall.
  • the heat-shrinkable film has a good covering property after being heat-shrunk.
  • the heat-shrinkable film can still cover the current-collecting member relatively stably, reducing the short circuit between the current-collecting member and the wall. risk and improve the safety of battery cells.
  • the surface of the heat-shrinkable film formed by thermal shrinkage is relatively smooth, and it is not easy to produce wrinkles. If it is too large, it interferes with the current collecting member, which increases the resistance and difficulty of installing the electrode assembly into the case, and improves the production efficiency of the battery cell.
  • the heat shrinkable film extends between the electrode terminal and the current collecting member.
  • the heat-shrinkable film since the heat-shrinkable film needs to completely cover the current-collecting member, the heat-shrinkable film is extended to between the electrode terminal and the current-collecting member, and there is no need to adjust the range of the heat-shrinkable film covering the current-collecting member, which reduces the The difficulty in the process of covering the current-collecting member with heat-shrinkable film improves the production efficiency of the battery cell.
  • the heat-shrinkable film extends between the electrode terminal and the current-collecting member, and the heat-shrinkable film is clamped by the electrode terminal and the current-collecting member to prevent the heat-shrinkable film from being completely damaged due to its own heat shrinkage and the expansion of the electrode assembly.
  • Covering the current-collecting member improves the stability of the heat-shrinkable film coating the current-collecting member, ensures that the heat-shrinkable film can have a stable insulation and isolation effect on the current-collecting member and the wall, and improves the safety of the battery cell.
  • the heat-shrinkable film includes a first part and a second part integrally formed, the first part covers the side of the current collecting member facing the wall, and the second part covers the side of the first tab. peripheral surface.
  • the heat-shrinkable film is not only wrapped on the current collecting member, but also on the outer peripheral surface of the first tab, and the current collecting member and the wall, as well as the first tab and the side wall of the housing are simultaneously sealed through an insulating film.
  • the effect of insulation and isolation between them reduces the number of parts and makes the structure of the battery cell compact.
  • the current collecting member is disc-shaped, the diameter of the current collecting member is smaller than the diameter of the first tab, and a stepped area is formed between the edge of the current collecting member and the outer peripheral surface of the first tab,
  • the heat shrinkable film covers the step area.
  • the setting of the stepped area provides enough space for the current collecting member to be welded to the first tab, so that the current collecting member is welded to the first tab, which improves the production efficiency of the battery cell, The production capacity of the battery is expanded; on the other hand, during the heat shrinking process of the heat shrinkable film, the step area can absorb the margin of the heat shrinkable film, reduce the probability of wrinkles during the heat shrinkable film shrinkage process, and improve the heat shrinkable film coating The flatness of the current collecting member.
  • the heat-shrinkable film further includes a third part, the third part covers the outer peripheral surface of the main body, and the third part is integrally formed with the second part.
  • the third part covers the outer peripheral surface of the main body, reduces the risk of short circuit between the casing and the main body, reduces the risk of short circuit of the battery cell, and improves the safety of the battery cell; on the other hand, the third part
  • the three parts and the second part are integrally formed, and the third part and the second part are not easy to overlap, which prevents the thickness of the heat-shrinkable film from increasing due to the overlapping of the second part and the third part, and reduces the thickness of the heat-shrinkable film
  • the probability of local stress concentration due to size increase and shell extrusion reduces the risk of lithium precipitation on the pole piece due to stress concentration.
  • the electrode assembly is formed by winding the pole piece and the separator
  • the battery cell also includes an adhesive tape, which is bonded to the outer peripheral surface of the main body and fixes the winding end of the pole piece and/or the separator, The third part does not overlap with the tape.
  • the battery cell further includes an elastic layer disposed between the wall portion and the heat shrinkable film, and the elastic layer is used to apply an elastic force to the electrode assembly along the axial direction of the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly further includes a second tab, the second tab is formed at an end of the main body away from the wall, the second tab is opposite in polarity to the first tab, and the second tab is opposite to the first tab.
  • the wall is electrically connected.
  • the first tab and the second tab are located at both ends of the electrode assembly, and there is better insulation between the first tab and the second tab, which reduces the risk of short circuit of the battery cell and improves the battery capacity. Safety of battery cells.
  • the housing includes a shell and an end cover
  • the shell includes a bottom wall and a side wall
  • the side wall is surrounded by the bottom wall
  • one end of the side wall is connected to the bottom wall
  • An opening opposite to the bottom wall is enclosed
  • the end cover covers the opening
  • the wall is the bottom wall or the end cover.
  • the second wall and the wall portion define a space for accommodating the electrode assembly, electrolyte and other structures, and the opening surrounded by the second wall is covered by the end cap to prevent the electrolyte from leaking through the opening.
  • the present application provides a battery, including the battery cell described above.
  • the present application provides an electric device, including the above-mentioned battery, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell, including providing a casing and electrode terminals, the casing includes a wall, and the electrode terminals are insulated and installed on the wall; providing an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly includes a main body and a first tab , the first tab is formed at one end of the main body close to the wall; a current collecting member is provided, and the current collecting member is connected to the first tab; a heat shrinkable film is provided, and the heat shrinkable film is sleeved on the electrode assembly; the heat shrinkable film is heated To shrink, and at least a part of the heat shrinkable film is coated on the current collecting member; the electrode assembly and the current collecting member covered with the heat shrinkable film are put into the casing, and the side of the current collecting member is covered by the heat shrinkable film Towards the wall, insulating the current collecting member from the wall; connecting the current collecting member to the electrode terminal.
  • the present application provides a battery cell manufacturing equipment, including a first providing device for providing a casing and electrode terminals, the casing includes a wall, and the electrode terminals are insulated and installed on the wall; the second providing device uses In order to provide an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly includes a main body and a first tab, the first tab is formed at one end of the main body close to the wall; the third providing device is used to provide a current collecting member; the fourth providing device is used to provide heatshrinking film, sheathing the heat shrinkable film on the electrode assembly; the first assembly device, used to connect the current collecting member to the first tab; the heating device, used to heat the heat shrinkable film to shrink, and make the heat shrinkable film at least A part is covered on the current collecting member; the second assembly device puts the electrode assembly and the current collecting member coated with the heat shrinkable film into the casing, and makes the side of the current collecting member covered by the heat shrinkable film face the wall, so that The insulation separates the current collecting member from the wall; the third assembly device uses In order to provide
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the heat shrinkable film extending between the electrode terminal and the current collecting member provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a heat shrinkable film provided by an embodiment of the present application including a first part and a second part;
  • Fig. 7 is another schematic diagram of the heat shrinkable film provided by an embodiment of the present application including the first part and the second part;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a heat shrinkable film provided by an embodiment of the present application including a third part;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell provided with an elastic layer according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing method of the battery cell provided by the fourth embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing equipment of the battery cell provided by the fifth embodiment of the present application.
  • a battery refers to a single physical module comprising one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a diaphragm.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer. Fluid, the positive electrode current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer. Fluid, the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the diaphragm can be PP (Polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (Polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power plants, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields . With the continuous expansion of power battery application fields, its market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the electric vehicle Taking an electric vehicle as an example of an electric device installed with a battery cell and a battery, the electric vehicle will produce different degrees of bumps and vibrations depending on the roughness of the road surface during the driving process of the electric vehicle.
  • road defects such as deep pits, cracks, and convex hulls
  • the body posture of the electric vehicle will deviate significantly, and the electric vehicle will vibrate greatly.
  • the battery cells will be greatly disturbed.
  • the electrode assembly and the current collecting member located in the casing of the battery cell may move, especially in the axial direction of the electrode assembly, the current collecting member and the electrode assembly are prone to displacement. Furthermore, due to the difference in polarity between the current collecting member and the casing, after the current collecting member and the electrode assembly move, there is a risk of a short circuit between the current collecting member and the casing, and the short circuit of the battery will cause the electric energy stored in the battery cell to It is released in the form of heat energy, causing thermal runaway, reducing the safety of the battery cells, and posing a great potential safety hazard.
  • insulating paper or an insulating tube can be arranged between the current collecting member and the casing to insulate and isolate the current collecting member and the casing .
  • the insulating paper is covered on the current collecting member by pasting, so that the insulating paper itself is easy to fall off under the interference of the vibration and cannot effectively cover the current collecting member.
  • the insulating tube is sheathed on the electrode assembly and covers the current collecting member by folding. During the folding process of the insulating tube, wrinkles will be generated, and the thickness of the insulating tube increases at the location of the wrinkles.
  • the increase in the thickness of the insulating tube covering the current collecting member will reduce the stability of the electrical connection between the current collecting member and the electrode terminal; on the other hand, when the thickness of the insulating tube is too large, it will also increase The resistance and difficulty of installing the electrode assembly into the case reduces the production efficiency of the battery cell, which in turn leads to low battery production capacity and cannot meet the growing market demand for batteries.
  • the inventor in order to reduce the risk of short circuit between the current collecting member and the case, the inventor has designed a battery cell after in-depth research.
  • One side of the member facing the wall to insulate the current collecting member from the wall.
  • the heat-shrinkable film is coated on the current-collecting member by heat-shrinking.
  • the heat-shrinkable film has better coating performance after heat-shrinking. Create wrinkles.
  • the heat-shrinkable film is relatively flat and stably covered on the current-collecting member after heat-shrinking. Even if the battery cell is disturbed by external factors, causing the current-collecting member to move, the heat-shrinkable film can still Covering the current-collecting member, and insulating the current-collecting member and the wall, reducing the risk of short circuit between the current-collecting member and the wall, and improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the battery cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, in electric devices such as vehicles, ships or aircrafts.
  • the power supply system comprising the battery cell and the battery disclosed in the present application can be used to form the electric device, which is beneficial to reduce the risk of short circuit between the current collecting member and the wall in the battery cell, and improve the safety of the battery cell and the battery. safety.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device can be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • a vehicle is used as an example of an electric device in the embodiment of the present application for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery 100 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 20 and a battery cell 10 housed in the case 20 .
  • the box body 20 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells 10 , and the box body 20 may adopt various structures.
  • the box 20 may include a first sub-box 21 and a second sub-box 22, the first sub-box 21 and the second sub-box 22 cover each other, the first sub-box 21 and the second sub-box
  • the two sub-boxes 22 jointly define an accommodating space for accommodating the battery cells 10 .
  • the second sub-casing 22 can be a hollow structure with an open end, and the first sub-casing 21 can be a plate-shaped structure, and the first sub-casing 21 covers the opening side of the second sub-casing 22, so that the first sub-casing Casing body 21 and the second sub-casing body 22 define accommodating space jointly; Cover the opening side of the second sub-box 22 .
  • the box body 20 formed by the first sub-box body 21 and the second sub-box body 22 may be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 10 , and the multiple battery cells 10 may be connected in series, parallel or mixed.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 10 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole of the plurality of battery cells 10 is housed in the box 20; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 10
  • the battery modules are firstly connected in series or in parallel or in combination, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series or in parallel or in combination to form a whole and accommodated in the box 20 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a current flow component for realizing electrical connection between a plurality of battery cells 10 .
  • each battery cell 10 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 10 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell 10 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 10 refers to the smallest unit constituting the battery 100 .
  • the battery cell 10 includes a casing 11 , an electrode assembly 13 and other functional components.
  • the casing 11 is a component used to form the internal environment of the battery cell 10 , wherein the internal environment formed by the casing 11 can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 13 , electrolyte and other components.
  • the housing 11 can be in various shapes and sizes, such as cylinder, cuboid, hexagonal prism and so on. Specifically, the shape of the shell 11 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 13 .
  • the housing 11 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and the like.
  • the electrode assembly 13 is a part where the electrochemical reaction occurs in the battery cell 10 .
  • One or more electrode assemblies 13 may be contained within the housing 11 .
  • the electrode assembly 13 is mainly formed by winding or laminating the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, and usually a separator is provided between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece.
  • the part of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece with active material constitutes the main body 132 of the electrode assembly 13 , and the parts of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece without active material respectively form tabs.
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab can be located at one end of the main body 132 together or at both ends of the main body 132 .
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cell 10 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the present application provides a battery cell 10 , which includes a casing 11 , an electrode terminal 12 , an electrode assembly 13 , a current collecting member 14 and a heat shrinkable film 15 .
  • the housing 11 includes a wall portion 11a, and the electrode terminal 12 is insulated from the wall portion 11a.
  • the electrode assembly 13 is disposed in the casing 11 , and the electrode assembly 13 includes a main body 132 and a first tab 131 , and the first tab 131 is formed at an end of the main body 132 close to the wall portion 11 a.
  • the current collecting member 14 is disposed between the electrode assembly 13 and the wall portion 11 a, and the current collecting member 14 is used to connect the first tab 131 and the electrode terminal 12 . At least a part of the heat-shrinkable film 15 covers a side of the current collecting member 14 facing the wall portion 11a to insulate the current collecting member 14 from the wall portion 11a.
  • the electrode terminal 12 is insulated and installed on the wall portion 11a, because the polarity between the electrode terminal 12 and the shell 11 is different, that is, the polarity between the electrode terminal 12 and the wall portion 11a is different (for example, in some embodiments of the present application, The electrode terminal 12 is positively charged, and the wall portion 11a is negatively charged), therefore, the electrode terminal 12 and the wall portion 11a should be insulated to prevent the electrode terminal 12 from being electrically connected to the wall portion 11a, resulting in a short circuit problem in the battery cell 10 , thereby ensuring higher safety of the battery cell 10, the battery 100 and the electrical device.
  • an insulating member 121 may be provided between the electrode terminal 12 and the wall portion 11a, and the insulating member 121 is used to isolate the electrode terminal 12 and the wall portion 11a, so as to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the material of insulating member 121 can be plastics, such as PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride, polyvinyl chloride), PP (Polypropylene, polypropylene) etc., perhaps, the material of insulating member 121 can also be rubber, such as butyl rubber, styrene butadiene Rubber, silicone rubber, etc., or, the insulating member 121 can also be made of fiber material, such as NOMEX (aromatic polyamide/Nomex) insulating paper, NOMEX insulating paper is mainly composed of meta-polyaramid fiber, which has better Excellent insulation properties, as well as good heat resistance and corrosion resistance.
  • NOMEX aromatic polyamide/Nomex
  • the use of the current collecting member 14 for connecting the first tab 131 and the electrode terminal 12 means that both the first tab 131 and the electrode terminal 12 are connected to the current collecting member 14, and the connection between the first tab 131 and the electrode is realized through the current collecting member 14. Electrical connection between terminals 12.
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 is made of heat-shrinkable material, which is a kind of polymer shape memory material, which is a kind of material obtained by radiation processing of polymer materials.
  • heat-shrinkable material which is a kind of polymer shape memory material, which is a kind of material obtained by radiation processing of polymer materials.
  • Ordinary polymer materials such as polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, usually have a linear structure, and the linear structure of the polymer material is transformed into a network structure under the action of radiation from an electron accelerator or other radiation source.
  • This kind of network-shaped polymer material obtained by radiation processing is heat-shrinkable material.
  • Heat-shrinkable material has a unique shape memory effect. The heat-shrinkable material that has been expanded and cooled can shrink back to its original shape after being heated.
  • heat-shrinkable materials can be made into heat-shrinkable tubes, heat-shrinkable films, or heat-shrinkable shaped materials.
  • the shrinkable material forms a heat-shrinkable film 15, which covers the outer surface of the object flatly and tightly, and plays the role of insulation, sealing and protection for the covered object.
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 is coated on the side of the current-collecting member 14 facing the wall 11a means that a tubular or film-shaped heat-shrinkable material is arranged on the current-collecting member 14, and the heat-shrinkable material is heated to make the heat-shrinkable material It shrinks to form a heat-shrinkable film 15 , and the heat-shrinkable film 15 covers the side of the current collecting member 14 facing the wall 11 a flatly and tightly, so as to insulate and isolate the current collecting member 14 and the wall 11 a.
  • the fact that the heat shrinkable film 15 covers the side of the current collecting member 14 facing the wall 11 a does not mean that the heat shrinkable film 15 covers the side of the current collecting member 14 facing the wall 11 a. If the heat-shrinkable film 15 completely covers the side of the current-collecting member 14 towards the wall 11a, the heat-shrinkable film 15 will insulate and isolate the electrode terminal 12 from the current-collecting member 14, while the electrode terminal 12 and The current collecting members 14 need to be electrically connected, that is, the electrode terminals 12 and the current collecting members 14 should have abutting and contacting parts. Specifically, it is sufficient that the heat shrinkable film 15 covers the portion of the current collecting member 14 corresponding to the wall portion 11a.
  • part of the electrode terminal 12 is located between the wall portion 11a and the current collecting member 14, that is, the projection of the wall portion 11a on the current collecting member 14 and the part between the wall portion 11a and the current collecting member 14
  • the projections of the electrode terminals 12 on the current-collecting member 14 overlap, because the electrical connection between the electrode terminal 12 and the current-collecting member 14 does not need to be insulated and isolated. Therefore, the heat-shrinkable film 15 also does not need to cover the current-collecting member 14 Part of the projected portion of the electrode terminal 12 on the current collecting member 14 between the wall portion 11 a and the current collecting member 14 (the portion is located within the projection of the wall portion 11 a on the current collecting member 14 ).
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 covers the current-collecting member 14 in a heat-shrinking manner, so as to insulate the current-collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a.
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 has a good wrapping property after heat-shrinking.
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 can still cover the current-collecting member 14 relatively stably, reducing the current-collecting member.
  • the risk of short circuit between 14 and the wall portion 11a improves the safety of the battery cell 10 .
  • the surface of the heat-shrinkable film 15 formed by thermal shrinkage is relatively smooth, and it is not easy to produce wrinkles. If the thickness dimension is too large, it interferes with the current collecting member 14 , thereby increasing the resistance and difficulty of installing the electrode assembly 13 into the casing, and improving the production efficiency of the battery cell 10 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the heat shrinkable film 15 extending between the electrode terminal 12 and the current collecting member 14 in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the heat shrinkable film 15 extends between the electrode terminal 12 and the current collecting member 14 .
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 protrudes between the electrode terminal 12 and the current-collecting member 14, and the heat-shrinkable film 15 is clamped and pressed by the electrode terminal 12 and the current-collecting member 14, so as to prevent the heat-shrinkable film 15 from moving.
  • the portion corresponding to the wall portion 11 a of the current collecting member 14 cannot be completely covered, thereby reducing the risk of a short circuit between the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11 a and ensuring higher safety of the battery cell 10 .
  • the temperature of the battery cell 10 will rise, which will not only heat the heat-shrinkable film 15 to further shrink the heat-shrinkable film 15, but also cause the electrode to shrink.
  • the assembly 13 will expand outward, and the heat-shrinkable film 15 cannot completely cover the current collecting member 14, and cannot play the role of insulating and isolating the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a, thereby causing a gap between the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a. There is a risk of short circuits.
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 By extending the heat-shrinkable film 15 between the electrode terminal 12 and the current collecting member 14, even if the temperature of the battery cell 10 rises, the heat-shrinkable film 15 tends to shrink further.
  • the current-collecting member 14 clamps and presses the heat-shrinkable film 15, and the part of the heat-shrinkable film 15 covering the current-collecting member 14 will not be shifted due to shrinkage, that is, the heat-shrinkable film 15 can be stably wrapped on the collector.
  • the part of the current collecting member 14 corresponding to the wall 11a ensures that the current collecting member 14 and the wall 11a are in a state of insulation and isolation, reduces the risk of a short circuit between the current collecting member 14 and the wall 11a, and ensures that the battery cell Body 10 has higher security.
  • the heat shrinkable film 15 may not extend to between the electrode terminal 12 and the current collecting member 14, that is, the part of the electrode terminal 12 located between the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a
  • the projection on the flow member 14 does not overlap with the projection of the heat shrinkable film 15 on the flow collecting member 14 .
  • the heat shrinkable film 15 extends between the electrode terminal 12 and the current collecting member 14 , due to the heat shrinkable film 15 having a certain thickness, there will be a certain gap between the electrode terminal 12 and the current collecting member 14 .
  • the electrode terminal 12 and the current collecting member 14 should be in a state of being in contact with and stably electrically connected to ensure that the battery cell 10 forms a stable circuit, thereby ensuring that the battery cell 10 supplies power stably, and the electrode terminal 12 and the current collecting member
  • the gap between 14 will destroy the stability of the electrical connection between the electrode terminal 12 and the current collecting member 14, and even the battery cells 10 cannot form a loop and cannot supply power.
  • the part of the current collecting member 14 used to connect to the electrode terminal 12 may be oriented towards The electrode terminal 12 protrudes and forms a first protrusion 141 so that the current collecting member 14 and the electrode terminal 12 can maintain contact and be electrically connected stably.
  • the electrode terminal 12 and the current collecting member 14 can hold the heat-shrinkable film 15 , and the portion of the electrode terminal 12 for cooperating with the current-collecting member 14 to hold the heat-shrinkable film 15 may be formed with a second protrusion 122 extending toward the current-collecting member 14 .
  • the current collecting member 14 together clamps the heat shrinkable film 15 extending between the electrode terminal 12 and the current collecting member 14 .
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 is extended to between the electrode terminal 12 and the current-collecting member 14, and there is no need to adjust the range where the heat-shrinkable film 15 covers the current-collecting member 14.
  • the process difficulty of the component 14 improves the production efficiency of the battery cell 10 .
  • the heat shrinkable film 15 extends between the electrode terminal 12 and the current collecting member 14, and the electrode terminal 12 and the current collecting member 14 can clamp the heat shrinkable film 15 to prevent the heat shrinkable film 15 from shrinking due to heat, and the expansion of the electrode assembly 13, etc.
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 cannot completely cover the current-collecting member 14 , which improves the stability of the heat-shrinkable film 15 covering the current-collecting member 14 , and improves the safety of the battery cell 10 .
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 is wrapped on the side of the current-collecting member 14 facing the wall portion 11 a . It can be understood that the heat-shrinkable film 15 is closely attached to the outer surface of the current-collecting member 14 facing the wall portion 11 a. Further, the polarity between the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a is different, and there is a potential difference between the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a. Although the heat shrinkable film 15 itself has better insulation, it can insulate and isolate the current collecting member.
  • the potential difference between the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a is not enough to break down the heat shrinkable film 15.
  • the heat shrinkable film 15 and the No gap may be provided between the wall portions 11a, that is, the heat-shrinkable film 15 may be in contact with the wall portions 11a. It can be understood that it is sufficient that the heat shrinkable film 15 is provided to insulate and isolate the current collecting member 14 from the wall portion 11a.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the heat shrinkable film 15 including the first part 151 and the second part 152 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 includes an integrally formed first part 151 and a second part 152, the first part 151 covers the side of the current collecting member 14 facing the wall part 11a, and the second part 152 covers Covering the outer peripheral surface of the first tab 131 .
  • the first tab 131 is electrically connected to the current collecting member 14, and the polarity of the first tab 131 is the same as that of the current collecting member 14, that is, the polarity of the first tab 131 is different from that of the housing 11. Therefore, the first tab 131 and the The shells 11 need to be insulated to prevent the first tab 131 from being electrically connected to the shell 11 and short circuit, reducing the risk of a short circuit in the battery cell 10, and ensuring that the battery cell 10, the battery 100 and the electrical device have a relatively high performance. High security.
  • the current collecting member 14 is disposed between the first tab 131 and the wall portion 11a, that is, the current collecting member 14 is disposed on the end surface of the first tab 131 facing the wall portion 11a, and the heat shrinkable film
  • the first part 151 of 15 covers the side of the current collecting member 14 facing the wall 11 a , which realizes the insulation isolation between the end surface of the first tab 131 facing the wall 11 a and the housing 11 .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the first tab 131 and the casing 11 should also be insulated and isolated.
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 is set to include a first portion 151 and a second portion 152, on the basis of covering the side of the current collecting member 14 facing the wall portion 11a by the first portion 151, and covering by the second portion 152
  • the outer peripheral surface of the first tab 131 is used to insulate the outer peripheral surface of the first tab 131 from the inner peripheral wall of the housing 11 .
  • the first part 151 and the second part 152 of the heat shrinkable film 15 are integrally formed.
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 integrally formed of the first part 151 and the second part 152 has a good coating ability, and can completely cover the side of the current collecting member 14 facing the wall part 11a, the outer peripheral surface of the first tab 131 and the collector.
  • the corner positions of the current collecting member 14 and the first tab 131, and between the current collecting member 14 and the first tab 131 and the casing 11 have good insulation effect, and it is not easy to cause the collection due to the inadequate coating of the heat shrinkable film 15.
  • the short circuit between the flow member 14 or the first tab 131 and the housing 11 are integrally formed.
  • the angular positions of the current collecting member 14 and the first tab 131 refer to the rotation angle of the current collecting member 14 itself, the rotation angle of the first tab 131 itself, and the relationship between the current collecting member 14 and the first tab. 131 between the formed corners.
  • the rotation angle of the current collecting member 14 itself is the rotation angle between the side surface of the current collecting member 14 facing the wall portion 11a and the outer peripheral surface of the current collecting member 14, and the rotation angle of the first tab 131 itself is the rotation angle of the first tab 131.
  • the corner between the side facing the wall portion 11a and the outer peripheral surface of the first tab 131, and the corner formed between the current collecting member 14 and the first tab 131 is the outer peripheral surface of the current collecting member 14 and the first tab.
  • the integrally formed heat shrinkable film 15 of the first part 151 and the second part 152 is convenient for forming and has high production efficiency. During the process of heating the heat-shrinkable film 15 , there is no need to adjust the parts covered by the first part 151 and the second part 152 . It can be understood that, after heat-shrinking, the integrally formed heat-shrinkable film 15 can be naturally adhered to and wrapped around the part of the battery cell 10 that needs to be covered with the heat-shrinkable film 15 without intervention. Therefore, the production efficiency of the battery cell 10 provided with the integrally formed heat-shrinkable film 15 is higher, thereby expanding the production capacity of the battery 100 to meet the increasing market demand for the production capacity of the battery 100 .
  • the first part 151 and the second part 152 of the heat-shrinkable film 15 can also be provided separately.
  • the second portion 152 is a cylindrical ring and covers the outer peripheral surface of the first tab 131 .
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 is not only covered on the current collecting member 14, but also on the outer peripheral surface of the first tab 131, and the heat-shrinkable film 15 simultaneously realizes the connection between the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a and the
  • the insulating isolation between the first tab 131 and the side wall of the casing 11 reduces the number of parts and makes the structure of the battery cell 10 compact.
  • FIG. 7 is another schematic diagram of the heat shrinkable film 15 including the first part 151 and the second part 152 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the current collecting member 14 is disc-shaped, and the diameter of the current collecting member 14 is smaller than the diameter of the first tab 131 .
  • a stepped area 142 is formed, and the heat shrinkable film 15 covers the stepped area 142 .
  • the edge of the current collecting member 14 refers to the outer peripheral surface of the current collecting member 14 .
  • the edge of the current collecting member 14 and the outer peripheral surface of the first tab 131 form a stepped area 142.
  • the current collecting member 14 is arranged between the electrode assembly 13 and the wall portion 11a, that is, The current collecting member 14 is disposed between the first tab 131 and the wall 11a, that is, the side of the current collecting member 14 facing the wall 11a is closer to the wall than the side of the first tab 131 facing the wall 11a 11a; at the same time, the diameter of the current collecting member 14 is smaller than the diameter of the first tab 131, that is, the projection of the current collecting member 14 on the first tab 131 is located inside the first tab 131, therefore, on the outer periphery of the current collecting member 14 A stepped structure, that is, a stepped region 142 will be formed between the surface (the edge of the current collecting member 14 ) and the outer peripheral surface of the first tab 131 .
  • the current collecting member 14 is connected to the first tab 131 by welding, and the setting of the stepped area 142 provides a sufficient area for welding between the current collecting member 14 and the first tab 131, which can effectively
  • the difficulty of welding between the current collecting member 14 and the first tab 131 is reduced, the welding efficiency is improved, and the production efficiency of the battery cell 10 is improved, so as to expand the production capacity of the battery 100 and meet the market demand for the production capacity of the battery 100 .
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 should be provided with a certain margin, and the margin of the heat-shrinkable film 15 is extremely prone to wrinkles during the heat-shrinking process of the heat-shrinkable film 15 .
  • heat-shrinkable film 15 is subject to factors such as the flatness of the surface covered by heat-shrinkable film 15 and the shape of the position covered by heat-shrinkable film 15 in the process of thermal shrinkage, for example, the orientation of current-collecting member 14
  • the outer surface of the wall portion 11 a is not an absolute plane, but an uneven surface.
  • the surface of the heat-shrinkable film 15 may also have wrinkles.
  • the generation of wrinkles will not only affect the quality of the heat shrinkable film 15, but may even increase the thickness of the position where the heat shrinkable film 15 has wrinkles, resulting in the problem that the battery cell 10 cannot be packaged, resulting in waste products and reducing the battery cell.
  • the pass rate in the body 10 production process Therefore, in order to reduce the probability of wrinkling during the thermal shrinkage process of the heat shrinkable film 15 , an area for absorbing the remainder of the heat shrinkable film 15 should be provided at the portion covered by the heat shrinkable film 15 .
  • the setting of the stepped area 142 enables the stepped area 142 to be used for absorbing the surplus of the heat-shrinkable film 15 , thereby reducing the probability of wrinkling of the heat-shrinkable film 15 during the heat-shrinking process.
  • the heat shrinkable film 15 covers the current collecting member 14 and the first tab 131, and a stepped area 142 is formed between the current collecting member 14 and the first tab 131, in some embodiments of the present application, as shown in FIG. 6 As shown, the heat-shrinkable film 15 can be across the step region 142, that is, the heat-shrinkable film 15 does not adhere to the outer peripheral surface of the current collecting member 14 and the end surface of the first tab 131 facing the wall portion 11a; in other implementations of the present application For example, as shown in FIG. 7 , the heat-shrinkable film 15 can also be shrunk and attached to the outer peripheral surface of the current-collecting member 14 and the end surface of the first tab 131 facing the wall portion 11 a.
  • a stepped area 142 is provided between the current collecting member 14 and the first tab 131.
  • the setting of the stepped area 142 provides enough space for the current collecting member 14 to be welded to the first tab 131, It facilitates welding between the current collecting member 14 and the first tab 131, improves the production efficiency of the battery cell 10, and expands the capacity of the battery 100; 142 can absorb the remainder of the heat-shrinkable film 15 , reduce the probability of wrinkles during the shrinking process of the heat-shrinkable film 15 , and improve the flatness of the heat-shrinkable film 15 covering the current collecting member 14 .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the heat shrinkable film 15 including the third part 153 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 further includes a third part 153, the third part 153 covers the outer peripheral surface of the main body 132, and the third part 153 and the second part 152 are integrally formed.
  • the electrode assembly 13 includes a main body 132 and a first tab 131, and the first tab 131 is formed at an end of the main body 132 close to the wall portion 11a. Therefore, on the basis of using the second part 152 to cover the outer peripheral surface of the first tab 131, in order to prevent the short circuit between the main body 132 and the casing 11, the outer peripheral surface of the main body 132 and the inner wall of the casing 11 should also be connected. Insulation isolation. Therefore, the third portion 153 is disposed on the heat shrinkable film 15 and covers the outer peripheral surface of the main body 132 through the third portion 153 , so as to achieve insulation between the main body 132 and the housing 11 .
  • the continuity between the second part 152 and the third part 153 is good. There is no gap between the second part 152 and the third part 153, which ensures that the second part 152 and the third part 153 can completely cover the first tab 131, the body and the transition between the first tab 131 and the body The region further reduces the probability of a short circuit in the battery cell 10, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell 10, the battery 100, and the electrical device.
  • the second part 152 and the third part 153 are integrally formed, there will be no overlapping areas between the second part 152 and the third part 153 after being heated and shrunk.
  • the overlapping of 153 increases the thickness of the heat-shrinkable film 15 at a local location, and causes the problem of stress concentration at the position where the thickness of the heat-shrinkable film 15 increases, thereby reducing the risk of lithium precipitation due to stress concentration at the local location.
  • the third part 153 and the second part 152 are integrally formed.
  • the second part 152 is correspondingly sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the first tab 131 .
  • the second part 152 and the third part 153 can shrink and cover the outer peripheral surface of the first tab 131 and the outer peripheral surface of the main body correspondingly, which facilitates the assembly and production of the battery cell 10 , so that the battery cell 10 has higher production efficiency.
  • the first part 151 , the second part 152 and the third part 153 are sequentially connected and integrally formed to further improve the integrity of the heat-shrinkable film 15 .
  • risk improves the safety performance of the battery cell 10
  • the thickness is relatively uniform and consistent, and the problem of stress concentration is not easy to occur, thereby reducing the risk of lithium precipitation due to stress concentration.
  • This arrangement covers the outer peripheral surface of the main body 132 through the third part 153, thereby reducing the risk of a short circuit between the casing 11 and the main body 132, that is, reducing the risk of a short circuit of the battery cell 10, and improving the safety of the battery cell 10.
  • the third part 153 and the second part 152 are integrally formed, and it is not easy to overlap between the third part 153 and the second part 152, which prevents thermal shrinkage caused by the overlapping of the second part 152 and the third part 153
  • the increased thickness of the film 15 reduces the probability of local stress concentration due to the increased thickness of the heat-shrinkable film 15 and the extrusion of the shell 11, thereby reducing the risk of lithium deposition on the pole piece due to stress concentration.
  • the electrode assembly 13 is formed by winding the pole piece and the separator, and the battery cell 10 also includes an adhesive tape, which is bonded to the outer peripheral surface of the main body 132 and fixes the winding of the pole piece and/or the separator.
  • the first and last section, the third part 153 does not overlap with the adhesive tape.
  • the electrode assembly 13 is wound by a pole piece and a separator, wherein the pole piece includes a positive pole piece and a negative pole piece, and the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece are separated by a membrane. Further, the part of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece with the active material constitutes the main body 132, while the part of the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece without the active material is used to form the positive pole lug and the negative pole lug respectively.
  • the first tab 131 is formed by the part of the positive pole piece that does not contain active material.
  • the pole piece and the diaphragm have a tendency to expand outwards, in order to prevent the pole piece and the diaphragm from expanding, and to prevent the pole piece and the diaphragm from directly contacting the shell 11 after expansion to cause a short circuit, it should be Tighten and fix the pole piece and diaphragm.
  • an adhesive tape can be bonded to the outer peripheral surface of the main body 132, and the wound end of the pole piece and/or the diaphragm can be fixed by the tape to prevent the pole piece and the diaphragm from expanding outward.
  • the ending end of the winding refers to the ending part of the outermost layer during the winding process of the pole piece and the diaphragm, and can also be understood as the end of the winding of the pole piece and the diaphragm.
  • adhesive tape when adhesive tape is bonded to the outer peripheral surface of main body 132, in order to prevent the pole pieces of the outermost layer of main body 132 from short circuiting with shell 11, tape should be insulated, for example, adhesive tape can be polyvinyl chloride insulating tape, or polyolefin Insulating tape, etc.
  • the adhesive tape is used to be bonded to the outer peripheral surface of the main body 132, and the third part 153 of the heat shrinkable film 15 is also used to cover the outer peripheral surface of the main body 132, in order to prevent the third part 153 of the heat shrinkable film 15 from contacting with the adhesive tape
  • the problem of stress concentration occurs due to overlapping, thereby reducing the risk of lithium precipitation due to concentration of gravity.
  • the third part 153 of the heat shrinkable film 15 and the tape should cover the outer peripheral surface of different positions of the main body 132, that is, the third part 153 and the tape Do not overlap.
  • the third part 153 does not overlap with the adhesive tape, which prevents the thickness of the overlapping part from increasing due to the overlapping of the third part 153 and the adhesive tape.
  • the problem of local stress concentration occurs due to sidewall extrusion, which in turn reduces the risk of lithium precipitation on the pole piece due to stress concentration.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell 10 provided with an elastic layer 1211 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 10 further includes an elastic layer 1211 disposed between the wall portion 11a and the heat-shrinkable film 15, and the elastic layer 1211 is used to apply a force to the electrode assembly 13 along the electrode assembly 13.
  • the axial elastic force that is, exerts an elastic force along the axial direction of the electrode assembly 13 on the current collecting member 14 .
  • the insulating member 121 is extended to between the heat-shrinkable film 15 and the wall portion 11a, and the insulating member 121 between the wall portion 11a and the heat-shrinkable film 15 is sufficient.
  • the elastic layer 1211 of the battery cell 10 it provides an elastic force to the electrode assembly 13 along the axial direction of the electrode assembly 13 .
  • the elastic layer 1211 when the insulating member 121 extending between the wall portion 11a and the heat-shrinkable film 15 is used as the elastic layer 1211, there may be a certain gap between the elastic layer 1211 and the heat-shrinkable film 15 to prevent the electrode terminals 12 from contacting the current collector. There is a gap between the members 14 , thereby ensuring that the electrode terminal 12 and the current collecting member 14 can be stably abutted and electrically connected.
  • the elastic layer 1211 can also abut against the heat shrinkable film 15 to further limit the position of the electrode assembly 13 and lower the electrode assembly 13 along its axis. The probability of movement to occur.
  • the part of the insulating member 121 extending to between the wall portion 11a and the heat shrinkable film 15, that is, the part where the insulating member 121 serves as the elastic layer 1211 may be formed to face
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 protrudes and abuts against the heat-shrinkable film 15 through the protrusion.
  • the protrusion may be in a ring shape, or there may be multiple protrusions, and the plurality of protrusions are distributed at intervals around the axis of the electrode assembly 13 .
  • the insulating member 121 when the insulating member 121 is extended to the part between the wall portion 11a and the heat shrinkable film 15 as the elastic layer 1211, the insulating member 121 should have a certain degree of elasticity.
  • the material of the insulating member 121 can be rubber, such as Butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, silicone rubber, etc.
  • the elastic layer 1211 can also be an independent part of the battery cell 10, and at this time, the two ends of the elastic layer 1211 along the axial direction of the electrode assembly 13 are respectively connected to the wall portion 11a and the heat shrinkable film 15
  • the abutment is used to limit the position of the electrode assembly 13 and reduce the probability of the electrode assembly 13 moving along its axial direction.
  • the elastic layer 1211 can exert an elastic force along the axial direction on the electrode assembly 13 and the current collecting member 14, further insulate and isolate the current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a, and reduce the The risk of short circuit of the battery cell 10 improves the safety of the battery cell 10 .
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell 10 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 13 further includes a second tab 133 formed on the end of the main body 132 away from the wall portion 11a, the second tab 133 is polarized to the first tab 131 On the contrary, the second tab 133 is electrically connected to the wall portion 11a.
  • the first tab 131 is located at one end of the electrode assembly 13 facing the wall 11a
  • the second tab 133 is located at the end of the electrode assembly 13 away from the wall 11a, that is, the first tab 131 and the second pole.
  • Ears 133 are respectively formed at both ends of the main body 132 of the electrode assembly 13 .
  • the polarity of the first tab 131 is opposite to that of the second tab 133.
  • the first tab 131 is the positive tab of the electrode assembly 13, which is composed of a part of the positive pole piece that does not have an active material, and is connected to the current collecting member 14 and the current collecting member 13.
  • the electrode terminal 12 is electrically connected
  • the second tab 133 is a negative tab of the electrode assembly 13 , which is composed of a part of the negative tab that does not have active material, and is electrically connected to the casing 11 .
  • first tab 131 and the second tab 133 are located at both ends of the electrode assembly 13, and there is better insulation between the first tab 131 and the second tab 133, reducing the battery cell 10.
  • the risk of short circuit improves the safety of the battery cell 10 .
  • the housing 11 includes a housing 111 and an end cover 112, the housing 111 includes a bottom wall 1111 and a side wall 1112, and the side wall 1112 is surrounded by the bottom wall 1111, One end of the side wall 1112 is connected to the bottom wall 1111 , one end of the side wall 1112 encloses an opening opposite to the bottom wall 1111 , the end cover 112 covers the opening, and the wall 11 a is the bottom wall 1111 or the end cover 112 .
  • the bottom wall 1111 and the side wall 1112 can be integrally formed, or the bottom wall 1111 and the side wall 1112 can also be arranged separately and connected by means of welding or clipping.
  • the side wall 1112 may be columnar, such as a cylinder or a prism.
  • the other end of the side wall 1112 relative to the bottom wall 1111 encloses an opening, and the current collecting member 14 and the electrode assembly 13 can be installed into the casing 111 through the opening.
  • the opening is covered by the end cap 112 to seal the opening.
  • electrolyte solution needs to be filled in the housing 11, and when the end cover 112 covers the opening, a seal, such as a sealing ring or a gasket, can be provided between the end cover 112 and the side wall 1112 to improve the sealing of the end cover 16 covering the opening. properties, preventing the electrolyte from leaking from the casing 11.
  • the wall part 11 a is the bottom wall 1111 or the end cover 112 , and in some embodiments of the present application, after the electrode assembly 13 is installed in the casing 111 , the current collecting member 14 faces the bottom wall 1111 . At this time, the bottom wall 1111 is the wall portion 11 a, and the first insulating member 15 is disposed between the bottom wall 1111 and the current collecting member 14 . In other embodiments of the present application, after the electrode assembly 13 is installed in the casing 111, the current collecting member 14 faces the end cap 112. At this time, the end cap 112 is the wall portion 11 a, and the first insulating member 15 is disposed between the end cap 112 and the current collecting member 14 .
  • the side wall 1112 and the wall portion 11a define a space for accommodating the electrode assembly 13 , electrolyte and other structures, and the opening enclosed by the side wall 1112 is covered by the end cap 16 to ensure the sealing of the casing.
  • the present application also provides a battery 100 , including the above-mentioned battery cell 10 .
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 is used to insulate and isolate the current-collecting member 14 from the wall 11a, the problem of short circuit between the current-collecting member 14 and the wall 11a is prevented, and the occurrence of a short circuit in the battery cell 10 is reduced. The probability of short circuit is reduced, thereby improving the safety of the battery 100 .
  • the present application also provides an electric device, including the above-mentioned battery 100, and the battery 100 is used to provide electric energy for the electric device to work.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the present application also provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell.
  • the manufacturing method of the battery cell is as follows:
  • the casing 11 includes a wall portion 11a, and the electrode terminal 12 is insulated and installed on the wall portion 11a;
  • the electrode assembly 13 includes a main body 132 and a first tab 131, and the first tab 131 is formed at one end of the main body 132 close to the wall portion 11a;
  • the above-mentioned manufacturing method of the battery cell is only used as a schematic illustration of the manufacturing process of the battery cell 10 , and does not represent a specific sequence of the manufacturing process of the battery cell 10 .
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell manufacturing equipment 2000 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the present application also provides a battery cell manufacturing device 2000 for manufacturing the above-mentioned battery cell 10 .
  • the battery cell manufacturing equipment 2000 includes a first providing device 2100, a second providing device 2200, a third providing device 2300, a fourth providing device 2400, a first assembling device 2500, a heating device 2600, a second assembling device 2700 and a third The device 2800 is assembled.
  • the first providing device 2100 is used to provide the casing 11 and the electrode terminal 12 , the casing 11 includes a wall portion 11 a, and the electrode terminal 12 is insulated and installed on the wall portion 11 a.
  • the second providing device 2200 is used for providing the electrode assembly 13 , the electrode assembly 13 includes a main body 132 and a first tab 131 , and the first tab 131 is formed at an end of the main body 132 close to the wall portion 11 a.
  • the third providing device 2300 is used to provide the current collecting member 14 .
  • the fourth providing device 2400 is used for providing the heat-shrinkable film 15 , and the heat-shrinkable film 15 is sheathed on the electrode assembly 13 .
  • the first assembly device 2500 is used to connect the current collecting member 14 to the first tab 131 .
  • the heating device 2600 is used to heat the heat-shrinkable film 15 to make it shrink, and make at least a part of the heat-shrinkable film 15 cover the current collecting member 14.
  • the second assembly device 2700 is used to put the electrode assembly 13 and the current collecting member 14 coated with the heat shrinkable film 15 into the casing 11, and make the side of the current collecting member 14 covered by the heat shrinkable film 15 face the wall 11a, The current collecting member 14 and the wall portion 11a have been insulated.
  • the third assembly device 2800 is used to connect the current collecting member 14 to the electrode terminal 12 .
  • the casing 11 includes a wall portion 11 a and a side wall 1112 , and an insulator 121 is provided between the electrode terminal 12 and the wall portion 11 a, so that the electrode terminal 12 is insulated and installed on the wall portion 11 a.
  • the electrode assembly 13 is disposed in the casing 11, the electrode assembly 13 includes a first tab 131, a main body 132 and a second tab 133, the first tab 131 is electrically connected to the current collecting member 14, and the second tab 133 is electrically connected to the casing 11. connect.
  • the current collecting member 14 is arranged between the electrode assembly 13 and the wall portion 11a, the current collecting member 14 is used to connect the first tab 131 and the electrode terminal 12, and the part where the current collecting member 14 is connected to the electrode terminal 12 forms a first protrusion 141, so as to facilitate the electrical connection between the current collecting member 14 and the electrode terminal 12.
  • the heat-shrinkable film 15 includes a first part 151, a second part 152 and a third part 153 that are integrally formed and connected in sequence.
  • the first part 151 covers the side of the current collecting member 14 facing the wall part 11a, and the second part 152 covers On the outer peripheral surface of the first tab 131 , the third portion 153 covers the outer peripheral surface of the main body 132 to insulate the current collecting member 14 , the first tab 131 and the main body 132 from the housing 11 .
  • the diameter of the current collecting member 14 is smaller than that of the first tab 131 , and a stepped area 142 is formed between the current collecting member 14 and the first tab 131 , and the stepped area 142 is used to absorb the surplus during shrinkage of the heat shrinkable film 15 .
  • the portion of the insulating member 121 extending between the wall portion 11 a and the heat-shrinkable film 15 constitutes an elastic layer 1211 , and the elastic layer 1211 is used to apply an elastic force to the electrode assembly 13 along the axial direction of the electrode assembly 13 .
  • An end of the side wall 1112 away from the wall portion 11 a encloses an opening, and the end cover 16 is used to cover the opening.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及设备，涉及电池领域。本申请提供了一种电池单体，电池单体包括：外壳，包括壁部；电极端子，绝缘安装于壁部；电极组件，设置于外壳内，电极组件包括主体和第一极耳，第一极耳形成于主体的靠近壁部的一端；集流构件，设置于电极组件和壁部之间，集流构件用于连接第一极耳和电极端子；热缩膜，热缩膜的至少一部分包覆于集流构件的朝向壁部的一侧，以绝缘隔离集流构件和壁部。本申请的电池单体具有较高的安全性。

Description

电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及设备。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
电池在充放电的使用过程中，电池单体会存在短路的风险，存在极大的安全隐患，如何降低电池单体短路的概率，提高电池单体及电池的安全性对电池技术的发展至关重要。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及设备。该电池单体不易出现短路的问题，具有较高的安全性。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，包括外壳，包括壁部；电极端子，绝缘安装于壁部；电极组件，设置于外壳内，电极组件包括主体和第一极耳，第一极耳形成于主体的靠近壁部的一端；集流构件，设置于电极组件和壁部之间，集流构件用于连接第一极耳和电极端子；热缩膜，热缩膜的至少一部分包覆于集流构件的朝向壁部的一侧，以绝缘隔离集流构件和壁部。
本申请的电池单体，热缩膜通过受热收缩的方式包覆于集流构件，以绝缘隔离集流构件和壁部。热缩膜受热收缩后的包覆性较好，在电池单体受到外界因素干扰时，热缩膜仍能够较为稳定地包覆于集流构件，降低了集流构件与壁部之间短路的风险，提高了电池单体的安全性。此外，受热收缩形成的热缩膜表面较为平整，不易产生褶皱，热缩膜的厚度较为均匀，降低了热缩膜因褶皱而使厚度尺寸增大的概率，进而防止了因热缩膜厚度尺寸过大与集流构件干涉，而增大电极组件安装入壳的阻力和难度，提高了电池单体的生产效率。
在本申请的一些实施例中，热缩膜延伸至电极端子和集流构件之间。
在上述方案中，由于热缩膜需要完整地包覆集流构件，将热缩膜延伸至电极端子与集流构件之间，无需对热缩膜包覆集流构件的范围进行调整，降低了热缩膜包覆集流构件的工艺难度，提高了电池单体的生产效率。同时，热缩膜延伸至电极端子与集流构件之间，通过电极端子与集流构件夹持热缩膜，防止热缩膜因自身受热收缩以及电极组件膨胀等问题而导致热缩膜无法完全包覆于集流构件，提高了热缩膜包覆集 流构件的稳定性，保证热缩膜能够对集流构件和壁部起到稳定地绝缘隔离效果，提高了电池单体的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，热缩膜与壁部之间具有间隙。
在上述方案中，热缩膜与壁部之间留有间隙，以降低壁部与集流构件之间的电势差击穿热缩膜的风险，也即降低电池单体短路的风险，提高了电池单体的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，热缩膜包括一体成型的第一部分和第二部分，第一部分包覆于集流构件的朝向壁部的一侧，第二部分包覆于第一极耳的外周面。
在上述方案中，热缩膜不仅包覆于集流构件，还包覆于第一极耳的外周面，通过一个绝缘膜同时对集流构件与壁部以及第一极耳与外壳的侧壁之间起到绝缘隔离的效果，减少了零部件的数量，使得电池单体的结构紧凑。
在本申请的一些实施例中，集流构件呈圆盘状，集流构件的直径小于第一极耳的直径，集流构件的边缘与第一极耳的外周面之间形成有台阶区，热缩膜包覆台阶区。
在上述方案中，一方面，台阶区的设置为集流构件焊接于第一极耳提供了足够的空间，以便于将集流构件焊接于第一极耳，提高了电池单体的生产效率，扩大了电池的产能；另一方面，热缩膜在受热收缩的过程中，台阶区能够吸收热缩膜的余量，降低热缩膜收缩过程中出现褶皱的概率，提高热缩膜包覆于集流构件的平整度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，热缩膜还包括第三部分，第三部分包覆于主体的外周面，第三部分与第二部分一体成型。
在上述方案中，一方面，第三部分包覆主体的外周面，降低外壳与主体之间短路的风险，降低电池单体短路的风险，提高了电池单体的安全性；另一方面，第三部分和第二部分一体成型，第三部分和第二部分之间不易重叠，防止了因第二部分和第三部分重叠而导致热缩膜的厚度尺寸增大，降低了热缩膜的厚度尺寸增大与外壳挤压而出现局部位置应力集中的概率，进而降低了因应力集中而导致极片析锂的风险。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电极组件由极片和隔膜卷绕而成，电池单体还包括胶带，胶带粘接于主体的外周面并固定极片和/或隔膜的卷绕收尾端，第三部分与胶带不重叠。
在上述方案中，第三部分和胶带之间不重叠，防止了因第三部分和胶带重叠而使重叠部分的厚度尺寸增大，不易出现由于该部分的厚度尺寸增大与外壳的侧壁挤压而出现局部位置应力集中的问题，进而降低了因应力集中而导致极片析锂的风险。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电池单体还包括弹性层，弹性层设置于壁部和热缩膜之间，弹性层用于向电极组件施加沿电极组件的轴向的弹性力。
在上述方案中，当电池单体受到振动时，弹性层能够对电极组件及集流构件施加沿其轴向的弹性力，进一步绝缘隔离集流构件及壁部，降低了电池单体短路的风险，提高了电池单体的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电极组件还包括第二极耳，第二极耳形成于主体的远离壁部的一端，第二极耳与第一极耳极性相反，第二极耳与壁部电连接。
在上述方案中，第一极耳与第二极耳位于电极组件的两端，第一极耳与第二极 耳之间具有较好的绝缘性，降低了电池单体短路的风险，提高了电池单体的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，外壳包括壳体和端盖，壳体包括底壁和侧壁，侧壁围设在底壁的周围，侧壁的一端与底壁连接，侧壁的另一端围成与底壁相对的开口，端盖覆盖开口，壁部为底壁或端盖。
在上述方案中，第二壁与壁部限定出容纳电极组件、电解液及其他结构的空间，并通过端盖覆盖第二壁围成的开口，以防止电解液从开口渗漏。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种电池，包括上述的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种用电装置，包括上述的电池，电池用于提供电能。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体的制造方法，包括提供外壳和电极端子，外壳包括壁部，电极端子绝缘安装于壁部；提供电极组件，电极组件包括主体和第一极耳，第一极耳形成于主体的靠近壁部的一端；提供集流构件，将集流构件连接于第一极耳；提供热缩膜，将热缩膜套设于电极组件；加热热缩膜以收缩，并使热缩膜的至少一部分包覆于集流构件；将电极组件和包覆有热缩膜的集流构件放入外壳，并使集流构件被热缩膜包覆的一侧朝向壁部，以绝缘隔离集流构件和壁部；将集流构件连接于电极端子。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体的制造设备，包括第一提供装置，用于提供外壳和电极端子，外壳包括壁部，电极端子绝缘安装于壁部；第二提供装置，用于提供电极组件，电极组件包括主体和第一极耳，第一极耳形成于主体的靠近壁部的一端；第三提供装置，用于提供集流构件；第四提供装置，用于提供热缩膜，将热缩膜套设于电极组件；第一组装装置，用于将集流构件连接于第一极耳；加热装置，用于加热热缩膜以收缩，并使热缩膜的至少一部分包覆于集流构件；第二组装装置，将电极组件和包覆有热缩膜的集流构件放入外壳，并使集流构件被热缩膜包覆的一侧朝向壁部，以绝缘隔离集流构件和壁部；第三组装装置，用于将集流构件连接于电极端子。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为本申请一实施例提供的电池单体的剖视图；
图5为本申请一实施例提供的热缩膜延伸至电极端子和集流构件之间的示意图；
图6为本申请一实施例提供的热缩膜包括第一部分和第二部分的示意图；
图7为本申请一实施例提供的热缩膜包括第一部分和第二部分的另一种示意图；
图8为本申请一实施例提供的热缩膜包括第三部分的示意图；
图9为本申请一实施例提供的电池单体设置弹性层的示意图；
图10为本申请一实施例提供的电池单体的示意图；
图11为本申请四实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的示意图；
图12为本申请五实施例提供的电池单体的制造设备的示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：10-电池单体；11-外壳；11a-壁部；111-壳体；1111-底壁；1112-侧壁；112-端盖；12-电极端子；121-绝缘件；1211-弹性层；122-第二凸部；13-电极组件；131-第一极耳；132-主体；133-第二极耳；14-集流构件；141-第一凸部；142-台阶区；15-热缩膜；151-第一部分；152-第二部分；153-第三部分；20-箱体；21-第一子箱体；22-第二子箱体；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆；2000-电池单体的制造设备；2100-第一提供装置；2200-第二提供装置；2300-第三提供装置；2400-第四提供装置；2500-第一组装装置；2600-加热装置；2700-第二组装装置；2800-第三组装装置。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，所提及的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提及的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔膜的材质可以为PP(Polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(Polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本发明人注意到，电池在使用的过程中，由于外界因素的干扰，例如振动、碰撞等。以安装有电池单体及电池的用电装置为电动汽车为例，在电动汽车行驶的过程中，根据路面的不同粗糙程度，电动汽车会产生不同程度的颠簸及振动。当电动汽车经过深坑、裂缝、凸包等路面缺陷时，电动汽车的车身姿态将出现较大幅度的偏移，并使电动汽车产生较大幅度的振动。此外，当电动汽车发生碰撞时，无论是低速碰撞还是高速碰撞，电池单体都将会受到较大的扰动。电池单体受到振动时，位于电池单体的外壳内的电极组件和集流构件可能会发生窜动，尤其是在电极组件的轴线方向上，集流构件和电极组件容易出现位移。进一步的，由于集流构件与外壳的极性不同，集流构件与电极组件窜动后，集流构件与外壳之间存在短路的风险，电池短路会将电池单体内储存的电能在短时间内以热能的形式进行释放，造成热失控，降低了电池单体的安全性，存在极大的安全隐患。
为了降低集流构件与外壳之间短路的风险，提高电池单体的安全性，发明人研究发现，可以在集流构件与外壳之间设置绝缘纸或绝缘管，以绝缘隔离集流构件和外壳。但是，绝缘纸通过贴合的方式包覆于集流构件，导致绝缘纸自身在受到振动的干扰下，容易脱落而无法有效地覆盖集流构件。此外，绝缘管套设于电极组件并通过折叠的方式包覆于集流构件，绝缘管在折叠的过程中，会产生褶皱，在褶皱的位置绝缘管的厚度尺寸增大。一方面，包覆于集流构件的绝缘管的厚度尺寸增大，会降低集流构件与电极端子之间电连接的稳定性；另一方面，当绝缘管的厚度过大时，还会增加电极组件安装入壳的阻力和难度，降低电池单体生产效率，进而导致电池的产能较低，无法满足市场对电池日益增长的需求。
基于上述考虑，为了降低集流构件与外壳之间短路的风险，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池单体，外壳包括壁部(位于外壳的一端)，通过热缩膜包覆集流 构件的朝向壁部的一侧，以绝缘隔离集流构件和壁部。热缩膜通过受热收缩的方式包覆于集流构件，热缩膜受热收缩后的包覆性较好，同时，热缩膜受热收缩后能够较为平整且稳定地包覆于集流构件，不易产生褶皱。
在这样的电池单体中，热缩膜受热收缩后较为平整且稳定地包覆于集流构件，即使电池单体受到外界因素的干扰，导致集流构件窜动，热缩膜仍能够稳定地包覆于集流构件，并对集流构件和壁部起到绝缘隔离作用，降低集流构件与壁部之间短路的风险，提高了电池单体的安全性。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统，这样，有利于降低电池单体中集流构件与壁部之间短路的风险，提高电池单体及电池的安全性。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请实施例的一种用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
如图1所示，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
如图2所示，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的结构示意图。电池100包括箱体20和电池单体10，电池单体10容纳于箱体20内。其中，箱体20用于为电池单体10提供容纳空间，箱体20可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体20可以包括第一子箱体21和第二子箱体22，第一子箱体21与第二子箱体22相互盖合，第一子箱体21和第二子箱体22共同限定出用于容纳电池单体10的容纳空间。第二子箱体22可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一子箱体21可以为板状结构，第一子箱体21盖合于第二子箱体22的开口侧，以使第一子箱体21与第二子箱体22共同限定出容纳空间；第一子箱体21和第二子箱体22也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一子箱体21的开口侧盖合于第二子箱体22的开口侧。当然，第一子箱体21和第二子箱体22形成的箱体20可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体10可以是多个，多个电池单体10之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体10中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体10之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体10构成的整体容纳于箱体20内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体10先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体20内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体10之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体10可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体10可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
如图3所示，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体10的爆炸图。电池单体10是指组成电池100的最小单元。如图3所示，电池单体10包括有外壳11、电极组件13以及其他的功能性部件。
外壳11是用于形成电池单体10的内部环境的组件，其中，外壳11形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件13、电解液以及其他部件。外壳11可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如圆柱体形、长方体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，外壳11的形状可以根据电极组件13的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。外壳11的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等。
电极组件13是电池单体10中发生电化学反应的部件。外壳11内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件13。电极组件13主要由正极极片和负极极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极极片与负极极片之间设有隔膜。正极极片和负极极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件13的主体132，正极极片和负极极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体132部的一端或是分别位于主体132部的两端。在电池100的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子12以形成电流回路。
如图4所示，图4为本申请一些实施例的电池单体10的剖视图。本申请提供了一种电池单体10，该电池单体10包括外壳11、电极端子12、电极组件13、集流构件14及热缩膜15。外壳11包括壁部11a，电极端子12绝缘安装于壁部11a。电极组件13设置于外壳11内，电极组件13包括主体132和第一极耳131，第一极耳131形成于主体132的靠近壁部11a的一端。集流构件14设置于电极组件13和壁部11a之间，集流构件14用于连接第一极耳131和电极端子12。热缩膜15的至少一部分包覆集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的一侧，以绝缘隔离集流构件14和壁部11a。
电极端子12绝缘安装于壁部11a，由于电极端子12和外壳11之间的极性不同，即电极端子12和壁部11a之间的极性不同(例如，在本申请的一些实施例中，电极端子12带正电，壁部11a带负电)，因此，电极端子12和壁部11a之间应当绝缘，以防止电极端子12与壁部11a电连接，而导致电池单体10出现短路的问题，进而保证了电池单体10、电池100及用电装置具有较高的安全性。
具体的，如图4所示，电极端子12和壁部11a之间可以设置绝缘件121，绝缘 件121用于隔离电极端子12和壁部11a，以降低短路的风险。其中，绝缘件121的材质可以为塑料，例如PVC(Polyvinyl Chloride，聚氯乙烯)、PP(Polypropylene，聚丙烯)等，或者，绝缘件121的材质还可以为橡胶，例如丁基橡胶、丁苯橡胶、硅橡胶等，再或者，绝缘件121还可以为纤维材质，例如NOMEX(芳香族聚酰胺/诺梅克斯)绝缘纸，NOMEX绝缘纸主要由间位聚芳酰胺纤维构成，具有较好的绝缘性能，以及较好的耐热性和耐腐蚀性。
集流构件14用于连接第一极耳131和电极端子12是指，第一极耳131和电极端子12均与集流构件14连接，并通过集流构件14实现第一极耳131与电极端子12之间的电连接。
热缩膜15由热缩材料构成，热缩材料是一种高分子形状记忆材料，是高分子材料通过辐射加工而得到的一种材料。普通的高分子材料，例如聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯等通常是线性结构，线性结构的高分子材料在电子加速器等放射源的辐射作用下转变为网状结构。这类经辐射加工得到的网状的高分子材料即热缩材料，热缩材料具有独特的形状记忆效应，经扩张、冷却定型的热缩材料在受热后可以收缩恢复至初始形状。利用热缩材料的形状记忆效应，可以将热缩材料制作为热缩管材、热缩膜材或热缩异形材等，在使用的过程中，对热缩材料加热使其收缩，收缩后的热缩材料形成热缩膜15，平整且紧实地包覆于物体的外表面，并对其包覆的物体起到绝缘、密封及保护等作用。
进一步的，热缩膜15的至少一部分包覆于集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的一侧是指，将管状或膜状的热缩材料设置于集流构件14，对热缩材料加热使其收缩，形成热缩膜15，热缩膜15平整且紧实地包覆于集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的一侧，以绝缘隔离集流构件14和壁部11a。
需要指出的是，如图4所示，热缩膜15包覆于集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的一侧并不是指热缩膜15将集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的一侧完全包覆，若热缩膜15将集流构件14朝向壁部11a的一侧完全包覆，热缩膜15将会使电极端子12和集流构件14之间绝缘隔离，而电极端子12和集流构件14之间需要电连接，即电极端子12和集流构件14之间应当具有相互抵接并接触的部分。具体的，热缩膜15包覆集流构件14与壁部11a对应的部分即可。
此外，如图4所示，部分电极端子12位于壁部11a与集流构件14之间，即壁部11a在集流构件14上的投影与位于壁部11a和集流构件14之间的部分电极端子12在集流构件14上的投影重叠，由于电极端子12和集流构件14之间电连接而不需要进行绝缘隔离，因此，热缩膜15同样不需要包覆集流构件14上位于壁部11a和集流构件14之间的部分电极端子12在集流构件14上的投影部分(该部分位于壁部11a在集流构件14上的投影内)。可以理解为，无论热缩膜15以何种方式包覆于集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的一侧，只要热缩膜15能够实现集流构件14和壁部11a之间绝缘隔离，且保证集流构件14和电极端子12之间稳定地电连接即可。
本申请的电池单体10，热缩膜15通过受热收缩的方式包覆于集流构件14，以对集流构件14和壁部11a起到绝缘隔离的作用。热缩膜15受热收缩后的包覆性较好， 在电池单体10受到外界因素干扰及外部扰动时，热缩膜15仍能够较为稳定地包覆于集流构件14，降低了集流构件14与壁部11a之间短路的风险，提高了电池单体10的安全性。此外，受热收缩形成的热缩膜15表面较为平整，不易产生褶皱，热缩膜15的厚度均匀，降低了热缩膜15因褶皱而使其厚度尺寸增大的概率，防止因热缩膜15厚度尺寸过大与集流构件14干涉，而增大电极组件13安装入壳的阻力和难度，提高了电池单体10的生产效率。
如图5所示，图5为本申请一些实施例的热缩膜15延伸至电极端子12和集流构件14之间的示意图。在本申请的一些实施例中，热缩膜15延伸至电极端子12和集流构件14之间。
一方面，一部分热缩膜15伸入电极端子12和集流构件14之间，并通过电极端子12和集流构件14夹持并压紧热缩膜15，以防止热缩膜15窜动而无法完全包覆于集流构件14的与壁部11a对应的部分，降低了集流构件14和壁部11a之间短路的风险，保证了电池单体10具有较高的安全性。此外，由于热缩膜15需要完全包覆于集流构件14，将热缩膜15延伸至电极端子12与集流构件14之间，能够降低包覆热缩膜15的精度要求，进而降低集流构件14包覆热缩膜15的工艺难度。
另一方面，由于电池单体10在使用的过程中，会产生热量，电池单体10的温度将会升高，不仅会对热缩膜15进行加热而导致热缩膜15进一步收缩，而且电极组件13会向外膨胀，热缩膜15无法完全包覆于集流构件14，而无法对集流构件14和壁部11a起到绝缘隔离的作用，进而导致集流构件14和壁部11a之间存在短路的风险。因此，通过将热缩膜15延伸至电极端子12和集流构件14之间的设置方式，即使电池单体10的温度升高，导致热缩膜15出现进一步收缩的趋势，由于电极端子12和集流构件14夹持并压紧热缩膜15，热缩膜15的包覆于集流构件14的部分也不会因为收缩而出现偏移，即热缩膜15能够稳定地包覆于集流构件14的与壁部11a对应的部分，保证了集流构件14和壁部11a之间处于绝缘隔离的状态，降低了集流构件14和壁部11a之间短路的风险，保证了电池单体10具有较高的安全性。
在本申请的一些其他实施例中，热缩膜15还可以不延伸至电极端子12与集流构件14之间，即电极端子12的位于集流构件14与壁部11a之间的部分在集流构件14上的投影与热缩膜15在集流构件14上的投影不重叠。
进一步的，当热缩膜15延伸至电极端子12与集流构件14之间时，由于热缩膜15具有一定的厚度，将会导致电极端子12与集流构件14之间存在一定的间隙。电极端子12与集流构件14之间应当处于接触并稳定地电连接的状态，以保证电池单体10形成稳定的回路，进而保证电池单体10稳定地供电，而电极端子12与集流构件14之间的间隙将会破坏电极端子12与集流构件14之间电连接的稳定性，甚至出现电池单体10无法形成回路，而无法供电的情况。
因此，如图5所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，为了保证集流构件14与电极端子12之间稳定地电连接，可以将集流构件14用于与电极端子12连接的部分朝向电极端子12凸起并形成第一凸部141，以使集流构件14与电极端子12之间能够保持接触并稳定地电连接。
进一步的，如图5所示，当集流构件14形成有第一凸部141时，为了保证热缩膜15延伸至电极端子12与集流构件14之间时，电极端子12与集流构件14能够夹持热缩膜15，电极端子12的用于与集流构件14配合夹持热缩膜15的部分可以形成有朝向集流构件14延伸的第二凸部122。通过第一凸部141和第二凸部122的设置，在保证集流构件14通过第一凸部141与电极端子12稳定电连接的同时，保证了电极端子12能够通过第二凸部122与集流构件14一同对延伸至电极端子12与集流构件14之间的热缩膜15进行夹持。
该种设置方式，将热缩膜15延伸至电极端子12和集流构件14之间，无需对热缩膜15包覆集流构件14的范围进行调整，降低了热缩膜15包覆集流构件14的工艺难度，提高了电池单体10的生产效率。同时，热缩膜15延伸至电极端子12和集流构件14之间，电极端子12和集流构件14能够夹持热缩膜15，防止热缩膜15受热收缩，以及电极组件13膨胀等问题而导致热缩膜15无法完全包覆于集流构件14，提高了热缩膜15包覆于集流构件14的稳定性，提高了电池单体10的安全性。
如图4和图5所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，热缩膜15与壁部11a之间具有间隙，即热缩膜15不与壁部11a接触。
热缩膜15包覆于集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的一侧，可以理解为，热缩膜15紧贴于集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的外表面。进一步的，集流构件14与壁部11a之间的极性不同，集流构件14与壁部11a之间具有电势差，尽管热缩膜15自身具有较好的绝缘性，能够绝缘隔离集流构件14和壁部11a，但是由于热缩膜15的厚度较薄，当热缩膜15与壁部11a接触时，集流构件14与壁部11a之间的电势差存在击穿热缩膜15的风险，因此，热缩膜15应当与壁部11a之间具有一定的间隙，以防止集流构件14与壁部11a的距离过近而击穿热缩膜15，导致集流构件14与壁部11a导通并短路。
在本申请的另一些实施例中，当热缩膜15的厚度较厚时，集流构件14与壁部11a之间的电势差不足以击穿热缩膜15，此时，热缩膜15与壁部11a之间也可以不设置间隙，即热缩膜15也可以与壁部11a抵接。可以理解为，热缩膜15的设置能够绝缘隔离集流构件14与壁部11a即可。
该种设置方式，由于壁部11a与集流构件14之间具有一定的电势差，若热缩膜15与壁部11a接触，存在壁部11a与集流构件14之间的电势差将热缩膜15击穿的风险，因此，热缩膜15与壁部11a之间留有间隙，以降低壁部11a与集流构件14之间短路的风险，也即降低电池单体10短路的风险，提高了电池单体10的安全性。
如图6所示，图6为本申请的一些实施例的热缩膜15包括第一部分151和第二部分152的示意图。在本申请的一些实施例中，热缩膜15包括一体成型的第一部分151和第二部分152，第一部分151包覆于集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的一侧，第二部分152包覆于第一极耳131的外周面。
第一极耳131与集流构件14电连接，第一极耳131与集流构件14的极性相同，即第一极耳131与外壳11的极性不同，因此，第一极耳131与外壳11之间需要进行绝缘隔离，以防止第一极耳131与外壳11电连接而短路，降低了电池单体10出现短路的风险，保证了电池单体10、电池100及用电装置具有较高的安全性。
其中，如图6所示，集流构件14设置于第一极耳131与壁部11a之间，即集流构件14设置于第一极耳131的朝向壁部11a的端面，通过热缩膜15的第一部分151包覆于集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的一侧即实现了第一极耳131的朝向壁部11a的端面与外壳11之间的绝缘隔离。进一步的，如图6所示，为了防止第一极耳131的外周面与外壳11的内周壁电连接，而导致短路，第一极耳131的外周面与外壳11之间同样应当进行绝缘隔离，因此，将热缩膜15设置为包括第一部分151和第二部分152，在通过第一部分151包覆集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的一侧的基础上，通过第二部分152包覆第一极耳131的外周面，以对第一极耳131的外周面和外壳11的内周壁进行绝缘隔离。
具体的，如图6所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，热缩膜15的第一部分151和第二部分152一体成型。第一部分151和第二部分152一体成型的热缩膜15具有较好包覆能力，能够完整的包覆集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的一侧、第一极耳131的外周面以及集流构件14和第一极耳131的转角位置，集流构件14和第一极耳131与外壳11之间均具有较好的绝缘效果，不易出现由于热缩膜15包覆不到位而导致集流构件14或第一极耳131与外壳11短路的问题。
其中，如图6所示，集流构件14和第一极耳131的转角位置是指，集流构件14自身的转角、第一极耳131自身的转角以及集流构件14与第一极耳131之间的形成的转角。具体的，集流构件14自身的转角为集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的侧面与集流构件14的外周面之间的转角，第一极耳131自身的转角为第一极耳131的朝向壁部11a的侧面与第一极耳131的外周面之间的转角，以及，集流构件14与第一极耳131之间形成的转角为集流构件14的外周面与第一极耳131的朝向壁部11a的侧面之间形成的转角。
进一步的，第一部分151和第二部分152一体成型的热缩膜15便于成型，具有较高的生产效率。在对热缩膜15进行加热的过程中，不需要对第一部分151和第二部分152所包覆的部位进行调节。可以理解为，一体成型的热缩膜15受热收缩后，无需进行干预，即可自然地紧贴并包覆于电池单体10中需要包覆热缩膜15的部分。因此，设置一体成型的热缩膜15的电池单体10的生产效率较高，进而扩大了电池100的产能，以能够适应于市场对电池100产能日益增长的需求。
在本申请的另一些实施例中，热缩膜15的第一部分151和第二部分152还可以分体设置，例如，第一部分151为片状的圆环，并包覆于集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的一侧，第二部分152为筒状的圆环，并包覆于第一极耳131的外周面。
该种设置方式，热缩膜15不仅包覆于集流构件14，还包覆于第一极耳131的外周面，通过一个热缩膜15同时实现集流构件14与壁部11a之间以及第一极耳131与外壳11的侧壁之间的绝缘隔离，减少了零部件的数量，使得电池单体10的结构紧凑。
如图6和图7所示，图7为本申请的一些实施例的热缩膜15包括第一部分151和第二部分152的另一种示意图。在本申请的一些实施例中，集流构件14呈圆盘状，集流构件14的直径小于第一极耳131的直径，集流构件14的边缘与第一极耳131的 外周面之间形成有台阶区142，热缩膜15包覆台阶区142。
其中，集流构件14的边缘是指集流构件14的外周面。
如图6和图7所示，集流构件14的边缘与第一极耳131的外周面形成台阶区142，可以理解为，集流构件14设置于电极组件13和壁部11a之间，即集流构件14设置于第一极耳131和壁部11a之间，也即集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的侧面相较于第一极耳131的朝向壁部11a的侧面更靠近壁部11a；同时，集流构件14的直径小于第一极耳131的直径，即集流构件14在第一极耳131上的投影位于第一极耳131内，因此，在集流构件14的外周面(集流构件14的边缘)与第一极耳131的外周面之间将会形成有阶梯状的结构，即台阶区142。
一方面，集流构件14通过焊接的方式连接于第一极耳131，台阶区142的设置，为集流构件14与第一极耳131之间提供了足够的区域以供焊接，能够有效地降低集流构件14与第一极耳131之间焊接的难度，提高焊接的效率，进而提高电池单体10的生产效率，以扩大电池100的产能，满足市场对电池100的产能的需求。
另一方面，为了保证热缩膜15能够完全包覆于集流构件14和第一极耳131需要进行包覆的部分，以使集流构件14和第一极耳131均与外壳11绝缘隔离，热缩膜15应当设置有一定的余量，而热缩膜15的余量在热缩膜15受热收缩的过程中极易产生褶皱。同时，热缩膜15在受热收缩的过程中，受制于热缩膜15包覆的表面的平整度以及热缩膜15包覆的部位的形状等因素的影响，例如，集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的外表面并不是绝对的平面，而是凹凸不平的型面，当热缩膜15包覆于集流构件14时，热缩膜15的表面同样可能会产生褶皱。褶皱的产生不仅会影响热缩膜15包覆的质量，甚至可能因为热缩膜15具有褶皱的位置厚度增加，而导致出现电池单体10无法进行封装的问题，产生废品，且降低了电池单体10生产过程中的合格率。因此，为了降低热缩膜15受热收缩过程中出现褶皱的概率，应当在热缩膜15包覆的部分设置有用于吸收热缩膜15的余量的区域。台阶区142的设置，使得台阶区142即能够用于吸收热缩膜15的余量，进而降低热缩膜15受热收缩过程中出现褶皱的概率。
当热缩膜15包覆集流构件14和第一极耳131，且集流构件14与第一极耳131之间形成有台阶区142时，在本申请的一些实施例中，如图6所示，热缩膜15可以是跨过台阶区142，即热缩膜15不贴合集流构件14的外周面以及第一极耳131的朝向壁部11a的端面；在本申请的另一些实施例中，如图7所示，热缩膜15还可以是收缩并贴合于覆集流构件14的外周面以及第一极耳131的朝向壁部11a的端面。
该种设置方式，通过在集流构件14与第一极耳131之间设置台阶区142，一方面，台阶区142的设置为集流构件14焊接于第一极耳131提供了足够的空间，便于集流构件14与第一极耳131之间进行焊接，提高了电池单体10的生产效率，扩大了电池100的产能；另一方面，热缩膜15在受热收缩的过程中，台阶区142能够吸收热缩膜15的余量，降低热缩膜15收缩过程中出现褶皱的概率，提高热缩膜15包覆于集流构件14的平整度。
如图8所示，图8为本申请的一些实施例的热缩膜15包括第三部分153的示意图。在本申请的一些实施例中，热缩膜15还包括第三部分153，第三部分153包 覆于主体132的外周面，第三部分153与第二部分152一体成型。
电极组件13包括主体132和第一极耳131，第一极耳131形成于主体132的靠近壁部11a的一端。因此，在使用第二部分152对第一极耳131的外周面进行包覆的基础上，为了防止主体132与外壳11之间短路，主体132的外周面与外壳11的内壁之间同样应当进行绝缘隔离。故在热缩膜15上设置第三部分153，并通过第三部分153包覆于主体132的外周面，以实现主体132与外壳11的绝缘隔离。
热缩膜15的第三部分153和第二部分152一体成型时，第二部分152和第三部分153之间的连续性好，第二部分152和第三部分153在受热收缩的过程中，第二部分152和第三部分153之间不易出间隙，保证了第二部分152和第三部分153能够完整地包覆第一极耳131、本体及第一极耳131与本体之间的过渡区域，进一步降低了电池单体10出现短路的概率，进而提高了电池单体10、电池100及用电装置的安全性。同时，因为第二部分152和第三部分153一体成型部，受热收缩后的第二部分152和第三部分153之间不会出现相互重叠的区域，防止了由于第二部分152和第三部分153重叠而使热缩膜15的局部位置厚度增加，并导致在热缩膜15厚度增加的位置出现应力集中的问题，进而降低了因为局部位置应力集中而出现析锂的风险。
此外，第三部分153与第二部分152一体成型，将第三部分153套设于本体的外周面时，第二部分152也对应的套设于第一极耳131的外周面。之后，热缩膜15受热，第二部分152和第三部分153即可收缩并对应的紧贴包覆于第一极耳131的外周面及本体的外周面，便于电池单体10的装配生产，使得电池单体10具有较高的生产效率。
进一步的，如图8所示，第一部分151、第二部分152和第三部分153依次连接且一体成型，以进一步提高热缩膜15的整体性，一方面，降低了电池单体10短路的风险，提高了电池单体10的安全性能，另一方面，防止了第一部分151和第二部分152的连接位置以及第二部分152和三部分的连接位置相互重叠，热缩膜15的各个位置的厚度较为均匀且一致，不易出现应力集中的问题，进而降低了因为应力集中而导致析锂的风险。
该种设置方式，一方面，通过第三部分153包覆主体132的外周面，降低外壳11与主体132之间短路的风险，即降低电池单体10短路的风险，提高了电池单体10的安全性；另一方面，第三部分153和第二部分152一体成型，第三部分153和第二部分152之间不易重叠，防止了因第二部分152与第三部分153重叠而导致热缩膜15的厚度尺寸增大，降低了因热缩膜15的厚度尺寸增大与外壳11挤压而出现局部位置应力集中的概率，进而降低了因应力集中而导致极片析锂的风险。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电极组件13由极片和隔膜卷绕而成，电池单体10还包括胶带，胶带粘结于主体132的外周面并固定极片和/或隔膜的卷绕首尾段，第三部分153与胶带不重叠。
电极组件13由极片和隔膜卷绕而成，其中，极片包括正极极片和负极极片，正极极片和负极极片之间通过隔膜进行隔离。进一步的，正极极片和负极极片具有活性物质的部分构成主体132，而正极极片和负极极片的不具有活性物质的部分分别 用于构成正极极耳和负极极耳。例如，第一极耳131则由正极极片的不具有活性物质的部分构成。
由于电极组件13由极片和隔膜卷绕而成，极片和隔膜具有向外扩张的趋势，为了防止极片和隔膜扩张，以及防止极片和隔膜扩张后与外壳11直接接触导致短路，应当对极片和隔膜进行收紧固定。例如，可以将胶带粘接于主体132的外周面，并通过胶带固定极片和/或隔膜的卷绕收尾端，以防止极片和隔膜向外扩张。
卷绕收尾端是指，极片和隔膜卷绕过程中的最外层的收尾部分，也可以理解为极片和隔膜卷绕的末端。同时，通过胶带粘接于主体132的外周面时，为了防止主体132的最外层的极片与外壳11短路，胶带应当绝缘，例如，胶带可以是以聚氯乙烯类绝缘胶带，或者聚烯烃类绝缘胶带等。
进一步的，由于胶带用于粘接于主体132的外周面，且热缩膜15的第三部分153也用于包覆主体132的外周面，为了防止热缩膜15的第三部分153与胶带重叠而出现应力集中的问题，进而降低因引力集中而导致析锂的风险，热缩膜15的第三部分153与胶带应当包覆主体132的不同位置的外周面，即第三部分153与胶带不重叠。
该种设置方式，第三部分153和胶带之间不重叠，防止了因第三部分153和胶带重叠而使重叠部分的厚度尺寸增大，不易出现由于该部分的厚度尺寸增大与外壳11的侧壁挤压而出现局部位置应力集中的问题，进而降低了因应力集中而导致极片析锂的风险。
不易出现因第三部分153和胶带重叠而增加厚度的问题，防止了因厚度增加而出现局部位置应力集中，进而降低了因应力集中而导致极片析锂的风险。
如图9所示，图9为本申请的一些实施例的电池单体10设置弹性层1211的示意图。在本申请的一些实施例中，电池单体10还包括弹性层1211，弹性层1211设置于壁部11a和热缩膜15之间，弹性层1211用于向电极组件13施加沿电极组件13的轴向的弹性力，也即对集流构件14施加沿电极组件13的轴向的弹性力。
如图9所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，将绝缘件121延伸至热缩膜15和壁部11a之间，延伸至壁部11a和热缩膜15之间的绝缘件121即可作为电池单体10的弹性层1211，并对电极组件13提供沿电极组件13的轴向的弹性力。
进一步的，将延伸至壁部11a和热缩膜15之间的绝缘件121作为弹性层1211时，弹性层1211与热缩膜15之间可以具有一定的间隙，以防止电极端子12和集流构件14之间出现间隙，进而保证电极端子12和集流构件14能够稳定地抵接并电连接。
当然，在确保电极端子12和集流构件14能够稳定电连接的基础上，弹性层1211也可以抵接于热缩膜15，以进一步对电极组件13进行限位，降低电极组件13沿其轴向发生窜动的概率。此时，为了使弹性层1211能够抵接于热缩膜15，可以在绝缘件121延伸至壁部11a和热缩膜15之间的部分，即绝缘件121作为弹性层1211的部分，形成朝向热缩膜15凸出的凸起，并通过凸起与热缩膜15进行抵接。具体的，凸起可以呈环状，或者凸起可以为多个，多个凸起绕电极组件13的轴线间隔分布。
需要指出的是，将绝缘件121延伸至壁部11a和热缩膜15之间的部分作为弹性层1211时，绝缘件121应当具有一定的弹性，此时绝缘件121的材质可以为橡胶，例如丁基橡胶、丁苯橡胶、硅橡胶等。
在本申请的另一些实施例中，弹性层1211还可以为电池单体10中独立的部件，此时弹性层1211沿电极组件13的轴向的两端分别与壁部11a和热缩膜15抵接，以对电极组件13起到限位的作用，降低电极组件13沿其轴向发生窜动的概率。
该种设置方式，当电池单体10受到振动时，弹性层1211能够对电极组件13及集流构件14施加沿其轴向的弹性力，进一步绝缘隔离集流构件14及壁部11a，降低了电池单体10短路的风险，提高了电池单体10的安全性。
如图10所示，图10为本申请的一些实施例的电池单体10的示意图。在本申请的一些实施例中，电极组件13还包括第二极耳133，第二极耳133形成于主体132的远离壁部11a的一端，第二极耳133与第一极耳131极性相反，第二极耳133与壁部11a电连接。
如图10所示，第一极耳131位于电极组件13的朝向壁部11a的一端，第二极耳133位于电极组件13的远离壁部11a的一端，即第一极耳131和第二极耳133分别形成于电极组件13的主体132的两端。
第一极耳131与第二极耳133极性相反，例如第一极耳131为电极组件13的正极极耳，由正极极片的不具有活性物质的部分构成，并与集流构件14及电极端子12电连接，第二极耳133为电极组件13的负极极耳，由负极极片的不具有活性物质的部分构成，并与外壳11电连接。
该种设置方式，第一极耳131与第二极耳133位于电极组件13的两端，第一极耳131与第二极耳133之间具有较好的绝缘性，降低了电池单体10短路的风险，提高了电池单体10的安全性。
如图10所示，在本申请的一些实施例中，外壳11包括壳体111和端盖112，壳体111包括底壁1111和侧壁1112，侧壁1112围设在底壁1111的周围，侧壁1112的一端与底壁1111连接，侧壁1112的一端围成与底壁1111相对的开口，端盖112覆盖开口，壁部11a为底壁1111或端盖112。
其中，底壁1111和侧壁1112可以一体成型，或者，底壁1111和侧壁1112也可以分体设置并通过焊接、卡接等方式进行连接。具体的，侧壁1112可以呈柱状，例如圆柱或棱柱。
侧壁1112相对于底壁1111的另一端围成开口，集流构件14及电极组件13能够从开口安装进入壳体111。将电极组件13装入壳体111后，通过端盖112覆盖开口，以对开口进行封闭。进一步的，外壳11内需要加注电解液，端盖112覆盖开口时，可以在端盖112与侧壁1112之间设置密封件，例如密封圈或密封垫，以提高端盖16覆盖开口的密封性，防止电解液从外壳11中泄漏。
壁部11a为底壁1111或端盖112，在本申请的一些实施例中，将电极组件13装入壳体111后，集流构件14朝向底壁1111。此时，底壁1111为壁部11a，第一绝缘件15设置于底壁1111与集流构件14之间。在本申请的另一些实施例中，将电极 组件13装入壳体111后，集流构件14朝向端盖112。此时，端盖112为壁部11a，第一绝缘件15设置于端盖112与集流构件14之间。
该种设置方式，侧壁1112与壁部11a限定出容纳电极组件13、电解液及其他结构的空间，并通过端盖16覆盖侧壁1112围成的开口，保证了外壳的密封性。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种电池100，包括上述的电池单体10。由于电池单体10中，集流构件14与壁部11a之间通过热缩膜15进行绝缘隔离，防止了集流构件14与壁部11a之间出现短路的问题，降低了电池单体10出现短路的概率，进而提高了电池100的安全性。
第三方面，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括上述的电池100，电池100用于提供电能，以供用电装置工作。
第四方面，如图11所示，图11为本申请的一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的示意图。本申请还提供了一种电池单体的制造方法。具体的，电池单体的制造方法如下：
S100.提供外壳11和电极端子12，外壳11包括壁部11a，电极端子12绝缘安装于壁部11a；
S200.提供电极组件13，电极组件13包括主体132和第一极耳131，第一极耳131形成于主体132的靠近壁部11a的一端；
S300.提供集流构件14，将集流构件14连接于第一极耳131；
S400.提供热缩膜15，将热缩膜15套设于电极组件13；
S500.加热热缩膜15以收缩，并使热缩膜15的至少一部分包覆于集流构件14；
S600.将电极组件13和包覆有热缩膜15的集流构件14放入外壳11，并使集流构件14被热缩膜15包覆的一侧朝向壁部11a，已绝缘隔离集流构件14和壁部11a；
S700.将集流构件14连接于电极端子12。
需要说明的是，上述的电池单体的制造方法仅是作为电池单体10在生产制造过程的示意，并不表示电池单体10在生产制造过程中的具体顺序。
第五方面，如图12所示，图12为本申请的一些实施例的电池单体的制造设备2000的示意图。本申请还提供了一种电池单体的制造设备2000，用于生产制造上述的电池单体10。电池单体的制造设备2000包括第一提供装置2100、第二提供装置2200、第三提供装置2300、第四提供装置2400、第一组装装置2500、加热装置2600、第二组装装置2700及第三组装装置2800。
具体的，如图12所示，第一提供装置2100用于提供外壳11和电极端子12，外壳11包括壁部11a，电极端子12绝缘安装于壁部11a。第二提供装置2200用于提供电极组件13，电极组件13包括主体132和第一极耳131，第一极耳131形成于主体132的靠近壁部11a的一端。第三提供装置2300用于提供集流构件14。第四提供装置2400用于提供热缩膜15，将热缩膜15套设于电极组件13。第一组装装置2500用于将集流构件14连接于第一极耳131。加热装置2600用于加热热缩膜15以使其收 缩，并使热缩膜15的至少一部分包覆于集流构件14。第二组装装置2700用于将电极组件13和包覆有热缩膜15的集流构件14放入外壳11，并使集流构件14被热缩膜15包覆的一侧朝向壁部11a，已绝缘隔离集流构件14和壁部11a。第三组装装置2800用于将集流构件14连接于电极端子12。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图3-图10所示，本申请提供了一种电池单体10，包括外壳11、电极端子12、电极组件13、集流构件14及热缩膜15。外壳11包括壁部11a和侧壁1112，电极端子12与壁部11a之间设置有绝缘件121，以使电极端子12绝缘安装于壁部11a。电极组件13设置于外壳11内，电极组件13包括第一极耳131、主体132和第二极耳133，第一极耳131与集流构件14电连接，第二极耳133与外壳11电连接。集流构件14设置于电极组件13和壁部11a之间，集流构件14用于连接第一极耳131和电极端子12，集流构件14与电极端子12连接的部分形成有第一凸部141，以便于集流构件14与电极端子12电连接。热缩膜15包括一体成型且依次连接的第一部分151、第二部分152和第三部分153，第一部分151包覆于集流构件14的朝向壁部11a的一侧，第二部分152包覆于第一极耳131的外周面，第三部分153包覆于主体132的外周面，以使集流构件14、第一极耳131及主体132与外壳11绝缘隔离。集流构件14的直径小于第一极耳131的直径，集流构件14与第一极耳131之间形成有台阶区142，台阶区142用于吸收热缩膜15收缩过程中的余量。绝缘件121延伸至壁部11a与热缩膜15之间的部分构成弹性层1211，弹性层1211用于对电极组件13施加沿电极组件13的轴向的弹性力。侧壁1112远离壁部11a的一端围成开口，端盖16用于覆盖开口。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，包括壁部；
    电极端子，绝缘安装于所述壁部；
    电极组件，设置于所述外壳内，所述电极组件包括主体和第一极耳，所述第一极耳形成于所述主体的靠近所述壁部的一端；
    集流构件，设置于所述电极组件和所述壁部之间，所述集流构件用于连接所述第一极耳和所述电极端子；
    热缩膜，所述热缩膜的至少一部分包覆于所述集流构件的朝向所述壁部的一侧，以绝缘隔离所述集流构件和所述壁部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述热缩膜延伸至所述电极端子和所述集流构件之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其中，所述热缩膜与所述壁部之间具有间隙。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述热缩膜包括一体成型的第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分包覆于所述集流构件的朝向所述壁部的一侧，所述第二部分包覆于所述第一极耳的外周面。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，所述集流构件呈圆盘状，所述集流构件的直径小于所述第一极耳的直径，所述集流构件的边缘与所述第一极耳的外周面之间形成有台阶区，所述热缩膜包覆所述台阶区。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，所述热缩膜还包括第三部分，所述第三部分包覆于所述主体的外周面，所述第三部分与所述第二部分一体成型。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件由极片和隔膜卷绕而成，所述电池单体还包括胶带，所述胶带粘接于所述主体的外周面并固定所述极片和/或所述隔膜的卷绕收尾端，所述第三部分与所述胶带不重叠。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括弹性层，所述弹性层设置于所述壁部和所述热缩膜之间，所述弹性层用于向所述电极组件施加沿所述电极组件的轴向的弹性力。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件还包括第二极耳，所述第二极耳形成于所述主体的远离所述壁部的一端，所述第二极耳与所述第一极耳极性相反，所述第二极耳与所述壁部电连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体包括底壁和侧壁，所述侧壁围设在所述底壁的周围，所述侧壁的一端与所述底壁连接，所述侧壁的另一端围成与所述底壁相对的开口，所述端盖覆盖所述开口，所述壁部为所述底壁或所述端盖。
  11. 一种电池，其中，包括如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的电池单体。
  12. 一种用电装置，其中，包括如权利要求11所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电 能。
  13. 一种电池单体的制造方法，其中，包括：
    提供外壳和电极端子，所述外壳包括壁部，所述电极端子绝缘安装于所述壁部；
    提供电极组件，所述电极组件包括主体和第一极耳，所述第一极耳形成于所述主体的靠近所述壁部的一端；
    提供集流构件，将所述集流构件连接于所述第一极耳；
    提供热缩膜，将所述热缩膜套设于所述电极组件；
    加热所述热缩膜以收缩，并使所述热缩膜的至少一部分包覆于所述集流构件；
    将所述电极组件和包覆有所述热缩膜的所述集流构件放入所述外壳，并使所述集流构件被所述热缩膜包覆的一侧朝向所述壁部，以绝缘隔离所述集流构件和所述壁部；
    将所述集流构件连接于所述电极端子。
  14. 一种电池单体的制造设备，其中，包括：
    第一提供装置，用于提供外壳和电极端子，所述外壳包括壁部，所述电极端子绝缘安装于所述壁部；
    第二提供装置，用于提供电极组件，所述电极组件包括主体和第一极耳，所述第一极耳形成于所述主体的靠近所述壁部的一端；
    第三提供装置，用于提供集流构件；
    第四提供装置，用于提供热缩膜，将所述热缩膜套设于所述电极组件；
    第一组装装置，用于将所述集流构件连接于所述第一极耳；
    加热装置，用于加热所述热缩膜以收缩，并使所述热缩膜的至少一部分包覆于集流构件；
    第二组装装置，将所述电极组件和包覆有所述热缩膜的所述集流构件放入所述外壳，并使所述集流构件被所述热缩膜包覆的一侧朝向所述壁部，以绝缘隔离所述集流构件和所述壁部；
    第三组装装置，用于将所述集流构件连接于所述电极端子。
PCT/CN2021/125114 2021-10-20 2021-10-20 电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及设备 WO2023065193A1 (zh)

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