WO2023063247A1 - 抗ウイルス剤、抗ウイルス性を付与する方法、抗ウイルス性を有する物品、抗菌剤、抗菌性を有する物品、抗真菌剤、及び抗真菌性を有する物品 - Google Patents
抗ウイルス剤、抗ウイルス性を付与する方法、抗ウイルス性を有する物品、抗菌剤、抗菌性を有する物品、抗真菌剤、及び抗真菌性を有する物品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023063247A1 WO2023063247A1 PCT/JP2022/037573 JP2022037573W WO2023063247A1 WO 2023063247 A1 WO2023063247 A1 WO 2023063247A1 JP 2022037573 W JP2022037573 W JP 2022037573W WO 2023063247 A1 WO2023063247 A1 WO 2023063247A1
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- chlorhexidine
- solubility
- antiviral
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P1/00—Disinfectants; Antimicrobial compounds or mixtures thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
- A01N47/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides containing —N=CX2 groups, e.g. isothiourea
- A01N47/44—Guanidine; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P3/00—Fungicides
Definitions
- the present invention provides an antiviral agent, a method for imparting antiviral properties, an article having antiviral properties, and an antiviral agent that can be applied to everyday items such as tools and clothing used in medical care, nursing care, and daily life, as well as building materials.
- Antimicrobial agents, articles with antimicrobial properties, antifungal agents, and articles with antifungal properties are examples of antiviral agents, antifungal agents, and antifungal properties.
- Antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal drugs are used in medical facilities to treat infections.
- various resistant viruses, drug-resistant bacteria, and drug-resistant fungi that have acquired resistance to them have emerged. It is known that these resistant viruses, resistant bacteria, and resistant fungi have acquired significant resistance to drugs due to drug inactivation, changes in drug action sites, production of drug-substituting enzymes, and the like. Many of them are partial structural changes near the drug target site, and extreme structural changes in the body rarely occur during survival. Infections caused by such drug-resistant viruses, drug-resistant bacteria, and drug-resistant fungi are becoming a serious social problem because of the limited therapeutic drugs that can be used for treatment.
- non-virus belongs to the genus Norovirus in the family Caliciviridae, is an RNA type virus that has only RNA, has a structure that covers the RNA with a protein shell called a capsid, and consists of sugar and lipid called an envelope. does not have a membrane.
- enveloped viruses can be inactivated by simply destroying their envelopes with drugs, making them incapable of binding to host cell receptors.
- norovirus does not have this envelope, it is resistant to drugs.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a composition consisting of three components, a lower alcohol, an alkaline substance, and a cationic surfactant, has an inactivating effect against norovirus. It describes the use of benzalkonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, chlorhexidine gluconate, etc. as cationic surfactants.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discusses the reason for the high solubility of chlorhexidine gluconate. Chlorhexidine gluconate is believed to be highly soluble due to the masking of the fat-soluble portion of chlorhexidine by hybrid micelles. In this case, the gluconic acid is present in the mixed micelles and helps increase solubility, while the chlorhexidine is masked by the mixed micelles, possibly making it less aggressive to microorganisms.
- chlorhexidine gluconate is known for its high solubility. Therefore, even if a solvent containing chlorhexidine gluconate or chlorhexidine gluconate is applied as an antiviral agent, an antibacterial agent, or an antifungal agent to the surface of the base material, the moisture adhering to the surface of the base material causes the chlorhexidine gluconate to dissolve. melts out. Therefore, there is a problem that the durability of the antiviral effect on the surface of the base material becomes low.
- one of the objects of one embodiment of the present invention is to improve the durability of the antiviral effect, antibacterial effect, or antifungal effect.
- chlorhexidine containing no anions or low-solubility salts such as chlorhexidine hydrochloride (collectively referred to as low-solubility chlorhexidine) are not the ones whose solubility is enhanced by the action of anions derived from acids such as gluconic acid and acetic acid. It was found that by using the antiviral effect, antibacterial effect, or antifungal effect persistence can be improved.
- An antiviral agent according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a solvent and low-solubility chlorhexidine.
- the solubility of low-solubility chlorhexidine is 150 mg/100 mL or less.
- the typical solubility of chlorhexidine in water at 20° C. is 80 mg/100 mL.
- the concentration of low-solubility chlorhexidine is 0.0016% by mass to 0.15% by mass.
- the solvent is at least one of methyl acetate, acetone, alcohol, and water.
- Antiviral agents inactivate enveloped and/or non-enveloped viruses.
- the non-enveloped virus is feline calicivirus.
- the antiviral agent further contains ZnO nanoparticles as additives.
- the antiviral agent further contains any one of alkyldiaminoethylglycine hydrochloride, alkylbetaine, and alkylamine oxide as additives.
- the antiviral agent further contains any one of alkyl glycosides, fatty acid alkanolamides, and polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers as additives.
- a method for imparting antiviral properties comprises applying or spraying the antiviral agent onto a substrate, or impregnating the substrate with the antiviral agent, and then evaporating the solvent. , a low-solubility chlorhexidine having a solubility in water at 20° C. of 150 mg/100 mL or less is attached to the substrate.
- An article having an antiviral effect according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a base material and low-solubility chlorhexidine having a solubility of 150 mg/100 mL or less at 20°C.
- the low-solubility chlorhexidine disposed on the substrate is 0.01 ⁇ g/cm 2 or more.
- the upper limit concentration C at which low-solubility chlorhexidine is placed on the substrate is defined by the following formula (1).
- C 1000 tp ⁇ [mg/cm 2 ] (1)
- t (cm) is the thickness of the surface film or layer to be permeated (1 ⁇ 10 -5 ⁇ t ⁇ 0.3)
- p is the porosity in the case of a porous membrane
- the base of the permeating component in the case of a resin material is the critical volume ratio to the material (dimensionless, 0.01 ⁇ 0.9).
- ⁇ is the density of low-solubility chlorhexidine (0.8 ⁇ 2.2, typical value is 1.4 g/cm 3 ). If the concentration of chlorhexidine exceeds the upper limit concentration C specified here, it overflows from the base material, resulting in poor touch, sliminess, or powder on the surface, which is unsuitable for use.
- a typical upper concentration limit C is desired to be 1 mg/cm 2 or less when penetrated by low-solubility chlorhexidine with a density of 1.4 g/cm 3 at a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and a volume ratio of 70%.
- the base material is fiber, paper, cloth, resin, metal, or ceramics.
- Chlorhexidine which has low solubility compared to gluconate, which has high solubility, is highly hydrophobic and tends to spread evenly on hydrophobic surfaces, but the wettability can be appropriately adjusted by the composition of the antiviral agent.
- the antibacterial agent according to one embodiment of the present invention has a solvent and low-solubility chlorhexidine.
- chlorhexidine having a solubility in water at 20° C. of 150 mg/100 mL or less is disposed on the substrate.
- An antifungal agent according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a solvent and low-solubility chlorhexidine. Also, in an antifungal article according to one embodiment of the present invention, chlorhexidine having a solubility in water at 20° C. of 150 mg/100 mL or less is disposed on the substrate.
- the present invention it is possible to improve the durability of the antiviral effect, antibacterial effect, or antifungal effect.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the chemical formula of chlorhexidine
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram explaining the mechanism by which chlorhexidine destroys the envelope.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure explaining the mechanism by which chlorhexidine destroys a membrane protein.
- Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between time (min) and residual virus (PFU/mL). It is a figure explaining the outline
- chlorhexidine (molecular formula: C 22 H 30 Cl 2 N 10 ) has a molecular weight of 505.4, a solubility of about 80 mg/100 mL, and a length of 2.5 nm to 3.5 nm. Chlorhexidine is poorly soluble and positively charged.
- the chemical formula of chlorhexidine is exemplified below.
- chlorhexidine gluconate (C 22 H 30 Cl 2 N 10 (C 6 H 12 O 7 ) 2 ) has a molecular weight of 897.8 and 21000 mg/100 mL or more.
- the chemical formula of chlorhexidine gluconate is illustrated below.
- chlorhexidine refers to chlorhexidine (molecular formula: C22H30Cl2N10 ), and refers to chlorhexidine that does not contain anions derived from acids such as gluconic acid, acetic acid, and hydrochloric acid. .
- chlorhexidine does not include salts such as chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine hydrochloride, chlorhexidine phosphanilate, and chlorhexidine acetate.
- the saturation concentration of chlorhexidine gluconate is 21000 mg/100 mL or more, and chlorhexidine acetate is 1820 mg/100 mL.
- chlorhexidine hydrochloride is about 60 mg/100 mL.
- Chlorhexidine hydrochloride is an example of low-solubility chlorhexidine, and can be used in the following embodiments in the same manner as chlorhexidine.
- an antiviral agent having an antiviral effect in this embodiment, an antiviral agent having an antiviral effect according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the antiviral effect means inactivation of pathogen viruses.
- the antiviral agent according to one embodiment of the present invention exhibits antiviral effects against enveloped viruses and non-enveloped viruses.
- Antiviral agents, as non-enveloped viruses show a high virus-inactivating effect on Caliciviridae viruses, and a higher virus-inactivating effect on viruses of the genus Vesivirus and/or viruses of the genus Norovirus. It shows a particularly high virus-inactivating activity against at least one virus selected from the group consisting of feline calicivirus, mouse norovirus and human norovirus.
- the antiviral agent is not limited to the non-enveloped viruses described above, and also exhibits virus inactivation effects on rotavirus, poliovirus, adenovirus, and the like.
- enveloped viruses examples include SARS coronavirus, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, MARS coronavirus, Ebola virus, novel coronavirus, smallpox virus, hepatitis B virus, measles virus, and rabies virus. . Antiviral agents also exhibit virus-inactivating effects against these enveloped viruses.
- viruses are prone to errors in genetic information during proliferation and replication. Therefore, viruses are known to mutate at high speed, and mutant strains appear one after another. Such mutations often occur in spike proteins, etc., and affect the efficacy of vaccines.
- the antiviral agent according to one embodiment of the present invention exhibits a virus inactivating effect even on mutant strains of viruses.
- An antiviral agent according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a solvent and low-solubility chlorhexidine.
- the solubility of chlorhexidine in water at 20°C which is representative of low-solubility chlorhexidine, is 80 mg/100 mL as described above.
- chlorhexidine is often used as chlorhexidine gluconate.
- the solubility of chlorhexidine gluconate in water at 20°C is 21000 mg/100 mL or more, which is higher than the solubility of chlorhexidine in water at 20°C.
- low-solubility chlorhexidine which has a lower solubility than chlorhexidine gluconate, is used.
- Chlorhexidine gluconate is commercially available as a disinfectant, and 0.1% to 0.5% is used for disinfecting hands, skin, etc., and 0.05% is used for disinfecting wound sites. Even at such a low concentration, anaphylactic shock may occur if it is applied to the mucous membrane of the human body. Therefore, even when low-solubility chlorhexidine is used as an antiviral agent, if the antiviral agent is unintentionally applied to the mucous membranes, considering the effects on the human body, the low concentration contained in the antiviral agent Lower concentrations of chlorhexidine are preferred.
- the antiviral agent when the concentration of low-solubility chlorhexidine is 0.0016% by mass or more and 0.15% by mass or less, the antiviral effect can be exhibited. Since this concentration is sufficiently low compared to the concentration of chlorhexidine gluconate in commonly used disinfectants, safety to the human body can be ensured. In addition, when the concentration of low-solubility chlorhexidine in the antiviral agent is more than 0.028% by mass and 0.08% by mass or less, it is possible to ensure greater safety to the human body. Moreover, even when the concentration of low-solubility chlorhexidine is 0.000051% by mass, it has the effect of attacking viruses and destroying their envelopes.
- At least one of ethyl acetate, acetone, alcohol, and water is used as a solvent.
- a polar solvent such as water, ethanol, or acetone is used. It is preferable to use By using the above polar solvent, the permeability of chlorhexidine to the substrate surface can be improved. In addition, chlorhexidine can be uniformly arranged on the substrate surface.
- the polarity may be low or high. It is preferred to use a solvent that does not By using the above solvent, the permeability of chlorhexidine to the substrate surface can be improved. In addition, chlorhexidine can be uniformly arranged on the substrate surface.
- an antiviral agent on a fiber, paper, or cloth substrate use a water-based or alcohol-based organic solvent.
- alcoholic organic solvent for example, ethanol or isopropyl alcohol is used.
- a mixed aqueous solution thereof is also suitable.
- an ester-, ketone-, or alcohol-based organic solvent When using an antiviral agent on a plastic base material, use an ester-, ketone-, or alcohol-based organic solvent. Ethyl acetate, for example, is used as the ester organic solvent. As the ketone-based organic solvent, for example, acetone is used, and as the alcohol-based solvent, for example, ethanol is used.
- a water-based, ketone-based, or ester-based organic solvent When using an antiviral agent on a ceramic base material, use a water-based, ketone-based, or ester-based organic solvent.
- Acetone for example, is used as the ketone-based organic solvent.
- Ethyl acetate for example, is used as the ester-based organic solvent.
- ketone-based or ester-based organic solvent When using an antiviral agent on a metal-based substrate, use a ketone-based or ester-based organic solvent.
- Acetone for example, is used as the ketone-based organic solvent.
- Ethyl acetate for example, is used as the ester-based organic solvent.
- the antiviral agent may contain additives, if necessary, in addition to the components described above.
- Metal oxide nanoparticles such as ZnO nanoparticles or TiO nanoparticles may be used as additives.
- the antiviral agent may contain 0.1% to 30% by weight of ZnO nanoparticles in the solution state, and 1% to 60% by weight in the solute residue after the solvent is evaporated and placed on the substrate. preferable.
- ZnO nanoparticles By including ZnO nanoparticles as an additive, it is possible to suppress decomposition of dissolved components of antiviral agents such as low-solubility chlorhexidine due to ultraviolet rays, and to improve weather resistance.
- the ZnO nanoparticles preferably have a diameter of 10 nm or more and 40 nm or less.
- Amphoteric surfactants such as alkyldiaminoethylglycine hydrochloride, alkylbetaine, and alkylamine oxide may be used as additives. By including 0.1% by mass to 30% by mass of an amphoteric surfactant as an additive, the antiviral effect can be improved.
- nonionic surfactants such as alkyl glycosides, fatty acid alkanolamides, and polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers may be used.
- a nonionic surfactant By including 0.1% by mass to 30% by mass of a nonionic surfactant as an additive, the antiviral effect can be improved.
- FIG. 1A is the chemical formula of chlorhexidine 150.
- FIG. FIG. 1B is a schematic representation of the chemical formula of chlorhexidine.
- chlorhexidine has structures 51a, 51b with many positive charges, large structures 52a, 52b, and a highly hydrophobic structure 53 connecting structures 51a and 51b.
- the large structures 52a, 52b are six-membered rings.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram explaining the mechanism by which chlorhexidine destroys the envelope 202.
- FIG. Chlorhexidine 150 is positively charged because it contains a large amount of N. Therefore, when chlorhexidine 150 approaches the envelope 202, it uses the negative charge on the surface of the envelope 202 to approach (in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 2A). However, many positive charges are required to bind tightly to the surface of envelope 202 . Subsequently, large structures 52a, 52b, such as six-membered rings, and structure 53 can be inserted into the surface of the membrane to greatly perturb the stability of the lipid membrane.
- envelope 202 can be destabilized by the hydrophobic groups of chlorhexidine.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram explaining the mechanism by which chlorhexidine destroys membrane proteins (eg, spike 203, etc.).
- the mechanism by which chlorhexidine approaches the envelope 202 surface is as explained in FIG. 2A.
- many positive charges are required to bind tightly to the surface of envelope 202 .
- large structures 52a, 52b such as six-membered rings and some of the positively charged and highly hydrophobic structures 53 bind to the spike 203 and greatly disturb the stability of the spike 203.
- the antiviral agent according to one embodiment of the present invention utilizes such a mechanism by which chlorhexidine destroys viruses. Since the solubility of chlorhexidine is sufficiently lower than that of chlorhexidine gluconate, elution of chlorhexidine into water adhering to the surface of the substrate can be suppressed. The antiviral effect of chlorhexidine attached to the surface of the substrate can be maintained for a long period of time. That is, it is possible to improve the durability of the antiviral effect on the article.
- the base material includes fiber, paper, cloth, resin such as plastic or rubber, metal, ceramic, etc., and the material is not particularly limited.
- the base material may be, for example, metal, wood, stainless steel, glass, plastic (polyethylene, PET, acrylic resin, melamine resin, polyvinyl chloride, etc.), or a hard solid such as ceramics, fiber, paper, cloth. , a rubber sheet, a sponge, a metal foil, or a thin membranous film.
- the antiviral agent may adhere to the substrate by impregnating the substrate with the antiviral agent.
- the solvent contained in the antiviral agent adhered to the substrate is evaporated.
- Methods for evaporating the solvent include natural drying and infrared irradiation.
- chlorhexidine having a solubility in water at 20°C of 80 mg/100 mL is disposed on the surface of the base material by the method for imparting antiviral properties described above.
- chlorhexidine disposed on the substrate can attack, destroy, and inactivate the virus.
- chlorhexidine gluconate When chlorhexidine gluconate is used as an antiviral agent, chlorhexidine gluconate has a high solubility, so even if the antiviral agent is attached to a substrate, virus droplets and other If moisture adheres, chlorhexidine gluconate is eluted. Therefore, depending on the concentration of chlorhexidine gluconate, elution of chlorhexidine gluconate may cause anaphylactic shock to the human body. In addition, there is a problem that the antiviral effect on articles is low in durability.
- the amount of chlorhexidine placed on the substrate is 0.01 ⁇ g/cm 2 or more.
- the upper limit concentration C of chlorhexidine placed on the substrate is defined by the following formula (1).
- C 1000 tp ⁇ [mg/cm 2 ] (1)
- t (cm) is the thickness of the surface film or layer to be permeated (1 ⁇ 10 -5 ⁇ t ⁇ 0.3)
- p is the porosity in the case of a porous membrane
- the base of the permeating component in the case of a resin material is the critical volume ratio to the material (dimensionless, 0.01 ⁇ 0.9).
- ⁇ is the density of low-solubility chlorhexidine (0.8 ⁇ 2.2, typical value is 1.4 g/cm 3 ). Chlorhexidine can destroy and inactivate viruses even at very low concentrations. Chlorhexidine is a substance that is also used in oral care. Even if chlorhexidine dissolves in water or the like, safety to the human body can be ensured. If the concentration of chlorhexidine exceeds the upper limit concentration C specified here, it overflows from the base material, resulting in poor touch, sliminess, or powder on the surface, which is unsuitable for use.
- a typical upper concentration limit C is desired to be 1 mg/cm 2 or less when penetrated by low-solubility chlorhexidine with a density of 1.4 g/cm 3 at a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and a volume ratio of 70%.
- the base material When using an antiviral-imparted article for a long period of time, the base material may be sprayed or coated with an antiviral agent, or the base material may be impregnated with the antiviral agent to evaporate the solvent. This makes it possible to repeatedly impart antiviral properties to the article.
- the surface of the plastic may be attacked by the solvent and chlorhexidine may permeate inside the plastic.
- chlorhexidine is slowly released from the interior of the plastic. Slow-release chlorhexidine can attack, destroy, and inactivate viruses.
- antiviral agents using chlorhexidine can inactivate viruses in a short period of time.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discusses the reason for the high solubility of chlorhexidine gluconate. Chlorhexidine gluconate is believed to be highly soluble due to the masking of the fat-soluble portion of chlorhexidine by hybrid micelles. In this case, the gluconic acid is present in the mixed micelles and helps increase solubility, while the chlorhexidine is masked by the mixed micelles, possibly making it less aggressive to microorganisms.
- An antiviral article according to one embodiment of the present invention contains low-solubility chlorhexidine. Even if the low-solubility chlorhexidine is eluted in water, it is not masked by the mixed micelles and can exist alone in water. Therefore, the antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine is not attenuated, and it is considered to have an antiviral effect even against non-enveloped viruses.
- chlorhexidine which does not contain anions derived from acids such as gluconic acid, acetic acid, and hydrochloric acid, has an antiviral effect against non-enveloped viruses has not been known, and was discovered by the present inventors for the first time.
- Examples of articles whose surface is coated with an antiviral agent according to an embodiment of the present invention include items that touch human sweat, such as doorknobs, electric switches, keyboards, handrails, footwear, clothing, and armpit pads that are touched by human hands. be done. Goods include toilet floors and toilet seats, seat surfaces of passenger cars such as taxis, filters of purified water and air conditioners, etc., which have been pointed out as a cause of family infection. Examples of articles include seats and straps for trains, handrails for escalators, building materials for buildings, packaging materials, and the like. Thus, the antiviral agent according to one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a wide variety of articles.
- face masks which have been pointed out to be effective in preventing the spread of sensibility and are commonly used as etiquette, are usually made of cloth (non-woven fabric) or paper and are opaque, so it is difficult to read the other person's expression during conversation. It has a problem as a hindrance to reading the lips of a crosstalker.
- an antiviral agent with high antiviral properties and long-lasting antiviral properties is applied to a transparent resin film, it is possible to provide a material having antiviral effects in addition to transparency and flexibility.
- an antiviral agent is partially used in the area surrounding the lips of the mask, facial expressions and lip movements during conversation can be read, and the antiviral effect makes it safe to use for a long time. significantly improved.
- an antibacterial agent having an antibacterial effect in this specification and the like is a concept that includes bactericidal effect and bactericidal effect. In other words, it is considered to have an "antibacterial effect" when not only the action of reducing the number of viable bacteria of a specific bacterium but also the action of suppressing the growth speed of the specific bacterium is confirmed.
- the antibacterial agent includes, for example, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa wild strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa-resistant gene quadruple disruptant, It exhibits an antibacterial effect against Faecalis, vancomycin-resistant Faecalis, vancomycin-resistant Faecalis, and the like.
- the antibacterial agent according to one embodiment of the present invention includes carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, penicillin-resistant pneumococci, substrate-extended beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, AmpC-producing bacteria, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, drug-resistant Acinetobacter, and the like. It also exerts an antibacterial effect against resistant bacteria.
- the site of action of chlorhexidine is the bacterial cell membrane (lipid membrane). Therefore, the antibacterial agent according to one embodiment of the present invention similarly exhibits an antibacterial effect against bacteria and resistant bacteria other than those exemplified above.
- An antimicrobial agent according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a solvent and low-solubility chlorhexidine.
- Low-solubility chlorhexidine and solvent that can be used as an antibacterial agent can be the same as those described in the first embodiment, so for detailed description, refer to the first embodiment. good.
- the concentration of low-solubility chlorhexidine when the concentration of low-solubility chlorhexidine is 0.0016% by mass or more and 0.15% by mass or less, the effect of attacking and reducing bacteria can be exhibited. Further, when the concentration of low-solubility chlorhexidine in the antibacterial agent is more than 0.028% by mass and 0.08% by mass or less, it is possible to ensure greater safety to the human body. Furthermore, the concentration of low-solubility chlorhexidine should be at least 0.00005% by mass or more for the bacteriostatic effect. When the concentration of the low-solubility chlorhexidine is 0.00005% by mass or more, the growth of bacteria can be prevented, and the growth speed of bacteria can be suppressed.
- the antibacterial agent may adhere to the base material by impregnating the base material with the antibacterial agent.
- the solvent contained in the antibacterial agent adhered to the base material is evaporated.
- Methods for evaporating the solvent include natural drying and infrared irradiation.
- chlorhexidine having a water solubility of 80 mg/100 mL at 20° C. is placed on the surface of the base material by the method for imparting antibacterial properties described above.
- chlorhexidine disposed on the substrate can attack, destroy, and inactivate the bacteria if they adhere to the surface of the substrate.
- the amount of chlorhexidine placed on the substrate is 0.01 ⁇ g/cm 2 or more.
- the upper limit concentration C of chlorhexidine placed on the substrate is defined by the formula (1) described in the first embodiment.
- chlorhexidine destroys bacteria is similar to the mechanism by which it destroys viruses. Chlorhexidine is charged because it contains a lot of N. Therefore, when chlorhexidine approaches the bacterial cell membrane, it uses the negative charge on the surface of the cell membrane to do so.
- the insertion of large structures 52a, 52b, such as the six-membered ring of chlorhexidine, and structure 53 onto the surface of the cell membrane can greatly disturb the stability of the cell membrane.
- chlorhexidine and the negative charge on the surface of the cell membrane are firmly bonded, chlorhexidine can be made difficult to peel off from the surface of the cell membrane. Additionally, the hydrophobic groups of chlorhexidine can destabilize the envelope.
- large structures 52a, 52b such as six-membered rings, some of the positive charges, and highly hydrophobic structure 53 bind to surface proteins of bacteria and greatly disturb the stability of surface proteins.
- the antibacterial agent according to one embodiment of the present invention utilizes such a mechanism by which chlorhexidine destroys viruses. Since the solubility of chlorhexidine is sufficiently lower than that of chlorhexidine gluconate, elution of chlorhexidine into water adhering to the surface of the substrate can be suppressed. The antibacterial effect of chlorhexidine attached to the surface of the substrate can be maintained for a long period of time. That is, it is possible to improve the durability of the antibacterial effect on the article.
- This embodiment describes an antifungal agent having an antifungal effect according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the term "antifungal effect” used in this specification and the like is a concept that includes fungicidal effect and fungal growth inhibitory effect. In other words, it is considered to have an "antifungal effect" when not only the action of reducing the number of viable bacteria of a specific fungus but also the action of suppressing the growth speed of the specific fungus is confirmed.
- the antifungal agent according to one embodiment of the present invention includes Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Pneumocystis, Trichosporon, Trichophyton, Malassezia, Sporothrix, Black fungus, Malassezia, Fusarium, Trichothecium, Cepharosporium , Rhzioctonia, Ceratobasidium, Magnaporthe, Ophiostoma, Cryphonectria, Ustilago, and Alternaria also exert an antifungal effect.
- the antifungal agent according to one embodiment of the present invention specifically exhibits an antifungal effect against Candida.
- the site of action of chlorhexidine is the fungal cell membrane (lipid membrane). Therefore, the antifungal agent according to one embodiment of the present invention similarly exerts an antifungal effect on fungi other than those exemplified above.
- An antifungal agent according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a solvent and low-solubility chlorhexidine.
- Low-solubility chlorhexidine and solvent that can be used as an antifungal agent can be the same as those described in the first embodiment, so for detailed description, refer to the first embodiment. Just do it.
- the concentration of low-solubility chlorhexidine when the concentration of low-solubility chlorhexidine is 0.0016% by mass or more and 0.15% by mass or less, the effect of attacking and reducing fungi can be exhibited. Further, when the concentration of low-solubility chlorhexidine in the antifungal agent is more than 0.028% by mass and 0.08% by mass or less, the safety to the human body can be further ensured. Furthermore, the concentration of low-solubility chlorhexidine should be at least 0.0002% by mass or more for fungal growth inhibitory effect. When the concentration of the low-solubility chlorhexidine is 0.0002% by mass or more, the growth of fungi can be inhibited, and the growth speed of fungi can be suppressed.
- the antifungal agent may adhere to the substrate by impregnating the substrate with the antifungal agent.
- the solvent contained in the antifungal agent adhered to the substrate is evaporated.
- Methods for evaporating the solvent include natural drying and infrared irradiation.
- chlorhexidine having a water solubility of 80 mg/100 mL at 20° C. is disposed on the surface of the base material by the method for imparting antifungal properties described above.
- chlorhexidine disposed on the substrate can attack, destroy, and inactivate the fungus when it adheres to the surface of the substrate.
- the amount of chlorhexidine disposed on the substrate is 0.01 ⁇ g/cm 2 or more.
- the upper limit concentration C of chlorhexidine placed on the substrate is defined by the formula (1) described in the first embodiment.
- chlorhexidine destroys fungi is similar to the mechanism by which it destroys viruses. Chlorhexidine is charged because it contains a lot of N. Therefore, when chlorhexidine approaches the fungal cell membrane, it uses the negative charge on the surface of the cell membrane to do so.
- the insertion of large structures 52a, 52b, such as the six-membered ring of chlorhexidine, and structure 53 onto the surface of the cell membrane can greatly disturb the stability of the cell membrane.
- chlorhexidine and the negative charge on the surface of the cell membrane are firmly bonded, chlorhexidine can be made difficult to peel off from the surface of the cell membrane. Additionally, the hydrophobic groups of chlorhexidine can destabilize the envelope.
- large structures 52a, 52b such as six-membered rings and some of the positive charges, and highly hydrophobic structure 53 bind to surface proteins of fungi and greatly disturb the stability of the surface proteins.
- the antifungal agent according to one embodiment of the present invention utilizes such a mechanism by which chlorhexidine destroys viruses. Since the solubility of chlorhexidine is sufficiently lower than that of chlorhexidine gluconate, elution of chlorhexidine into water adhering to the surface of the substrate can be suppressed. The antifungal effect of chlorhexidine attached to the surface of the substrate can be maintained for a long period of time. That is, it is possible to improve the durability of the antifungal effect on the article.
- the antiviral agent, antibacterial agent, and antifungal agent have been described in the first to third embodiments, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto. In one embodiment of the present invention, it can function as an antimicrobial agent with combined antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal effects.
- microorganisms include viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
- the antimicrobial agent may include a solvent and low-solubility chlorhexidine.
- concentration of low-solubility chlorhexidine in the antimicrobial agent is 0.0016% by mass or more and 0.15% by mass or less, the antimicrobial agent can have antiviral effect, antibacterial effect, and antifungal effect. .
- the concentration of low-solubility chlorhexidine in the antimicrobial agent is greater than 0.028% by mass and 0.08% by mass or less, the antimicrobial agent has both antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal effects, Safety to the human body can be more ensured. Further, the detailed description of the composition of the antimicrobial agent, the method of imparting antimicrobial properties, and the article having antimicrobial properties can be referred to the descriptions of the first to third embodiments.
- feline calicivirus was used as a non-enveloped virus.
- Example 1 An aqueous solution containing 128 ⁇ g/mL of chlorhexidine was used as a test sample.
- Comparative example 1 As Comparative Example 1, a buffer solution (PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline) was used.
- PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
- Example 1 A feline calicivirus suspension containing 685,000 PFU/mL was added dropwise to each of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2.
- the number of active viruses was counted at treatment times of 0, 0.5, 2, 10, and 30 minutes.
- Table 1 is a table summarizing the results of comparing Comparative Examples 1 and 2 with Example 1. Chlorhexidine is represented as CHX in the following tables and figures.
- the inactivation rate refers to the virus inactivation rate calculated from the number of active viruses (PFU/mL) in the control sample and the test sample.
- the control sample was designated Comparative Example 1
- the test sample was designated Example 1. The following formula was used to calculate the inactivation rate.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between time (min) and residual virus (PFU/mL). Comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, Example 1 was confirmed to have a high antiviral effect with an inactivation rate of 98.82 after 30 minutes.
- 4A to 4D are diagrams explaining the outline of the ISO21702 compliance test.
- Example 2 As Example 2, a 4 cm ⁇ 4 cm porous film (nanoporous film) of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) of 3 ⁇ m was formed on a 4 cm ⁇ 4 cm SUS substrate by the AD method (Aerosol Deposition Method). The porous membrane was coated with 128 ⁇ g/cm 2 of chlorhexidine.
- Comparative Example 3 As Comparative Example 3, a SUS substrate (4 cm ⁇ 4 cm) was used.
- test piece 301 was allowed to stand at 25°C for 24 hours while preventing drying.
- surface of the test piece 301 was washed with 10 mL of SCDLP medium to collect residual viruses.
- a 10-fold dilution series of the recovered solution was prepared with EMEM medium containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin.
- each diluted solution was applied to a petri dish 305 in which CRFK cells (feline kidney cells) were cultured, and cultured continuously (referred to as a plaque method).
- the living cells were stained, and the areas that were not stained (cells died and peeled off) were counted. Finally, the virus infectivity titer was calculated from the number of counts and the dilution factor.
- V (10 ⁇ C ⁇ D)/A
- V Viral infectious titer per 1 cm 2 of test piece (PFU/cm 2 )
- C Number of plaques
- D Dilution ratio of washing solution
- A Contact area between test piece and virus
- Antiviral activity value log (Vb) - log (Vc)
- Log(Vb) Common logarithm of virus infectivity per 1 cm 2 in Comparative Example 1 after 24 hours
- Log(Vc) Common logarithm of virus infectivity per 1 cm 2 in Example 1 after 24 hours
- Table 2 is a table summarizing the results of comparing the control polyethylene plate, Comparative Example 3, and Example 2.
- the inactivation rate refers to the virus inactivation rate calculated from the number of active viruses (PFU/mL) in each of the control sample and the test sample.
- the control sample is a control polyethylene plate
- the test samples are Comparative Example 3 and Example 2.
- Example 2 had a high antiviral effect, with an antiviral activity value of >3.06 and an inactivation rate of 99.9131% after 24 hours. rice field.
- Example 3 As Example 3, a porous film (nanoporous film) of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) with a thickness of 3 ⁇ m was formed in a size of 4 cm ⁇ 4 cm on a 4 cm ⁇ 4 cm SUS substrate by the AD method. The porous membrane was coated with 16 ⁇ g/cm 2 of chlorhexidine.
- Example 3 0.225 mL of influenza A virus suspension 302 containing 10000000 PFU/mL was dropped onto a test piece 301 (Example 3) per 9 cm 2 and covered with a film 303 .
- test piece 301 was allowed to stand at 25°C for 2 hours while preventing drying.
- the surface of the test piece 301 was washed with 10 mL of SCDLP to collect residual virus.
- a 10-fold dilution series of the collected liquid was prepared with SCDLP.
- each diluted solution was applied to a petri dish 305 in which MDCK cells (canine kidney cells) were cultured, and cultured continuously.
- the live cells were stained and the areas that were not stained (cells dead and detached) were counted.
- the virus infectivity titer was calculated from the number of counts and the dilution factor.
- the antiviral activity value was calculated in the same manner as in Example 2.
- Table 3 is a table summarizing the results of comparing the control polyethylene plate and Example 3.
- the control sample was a control polyethylene plate and the test sample was Example 3.
- Example 3 a high antiviral effect was confirmed, with an antiviral activity value of 3.16 after 2 hours and an inactivation rate of 99.9297%. Thus, in Example 3, it was confirmed that a high antiviral effect was obtained even for a short time of 2 hours.
- Example 4 chlorhexidine was dissolved in acetone to 1 mg/mL. Next, a 16 cm 2 SUS substrate was coated with a solution containing chlorhexidine. After that, 125 ⁇ g/cm 2 of chlorhexidine was deposited on the substrate by volatilizing the acetone.
- Example 4 For Example 4 and Comparative Example 4, ultrasonic cleaning was performed in 25°C water for 0 min, 2 min, 10 min, 30 min, and 60 mL.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the ultrasonic cleaning time (min), the amount of residual chlorhexidine and the amount of residual chlorhexidine gluconate ( ⁇ g/cm 2 ). After ultrasonic cleaning for 2 minutes, the residual amount of chlorhexidine was 45.4 ⁇ g/cm 2 and the residual amount of chlorhexidine gluconate was 12.7 ⁇ g/cm 2 . After 10 minutes of ultrasonic cleaning, the residual amount of chlorhexidine was 43.0 ⁇ g/cm 2 , and the residual amount of chlorhexidine gluconate could not be calculated. In other words, it is considered that all chlorhexidine gluconate was eluted after 10 minutes of ultrasonic cleaning.
- chlorhexidine gluconate when chlorhexidine gluconate is used as an antiviral agent, chlorhexidine gluconate immediately elutes when water adheres to the surface of the base material. In contrast, when chlorhexidine was used as an antiviral agent, it was suggested that chlorhexidine was less likely to elute even if water adhered to the surface of the substrate. Therefore, it was shown that the article using chlorhexidine as an antiviral agent has a long-lasting antiviral effect.
- Example 5 A method for producing a virus composition artificial membrane will be described. First, phosphatidyl choline (PC: phosphatidyl choline) and cholesterol were used to adjust the molar ratio to 4:3.
- PC phosphatidyl choline
- cholesterol were used to adjust the molar ratio to 4:3.
- phospholipid and cholesterol were dissolved in 1.5 mL of diethyl ether, and 1 mL of calcein-KOH (100 mM) was added. This mixture was sonicated in ice for 1 minute using an ultrasonic homogenizer to obtain a homogeneous emulsion.
- diethyl ether in the emulsion was evaporated by a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure (using an aspirator) at 25° C., and then completely removed by injecting nitrogen gas.
- the resulting liposomes were centrifuged in a small ultracentrifuge for separation (100 krpm, 5 minutes, 4° C.) and added to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM NaH 2 PO 4 /Na 2 HPO 4 , pH 7.2) to remove extraliposomal calcein-KOH.
- PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
- a suspension was obtained by suspending the obtained liposomes in PBS.
- the obtained liposome is called a virus composition artificial membrane.
- a bacterial composition artificial film was prepared in the same manner as the virus composition artificial film except that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE: phosphatidylethanolamine) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG: phosphatidylglycerol) were used at a molar ratio of 4:1. made.
- PE phosphatidylethanolamine
- PG phosphatidylglycerol
- the calcein efflux rate was measured for each of the viral composition artificial membrane and the bacterial composition artificial membrane.
- 100 ⁇ L of liposome suspension encapsulating PBS and calcein-KOH (viral composition artificial membrane or bacterial composition artificial membrane) and 20 ⁇ L of chlorhexidine dissolved in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) were added to bring the total volume to 1 mL.
- the concentration of chlorhexidine was set to 1 ⁇ M, 2 ⁇ M, 4 ⁇ M, 8 ⁇ M, 16 ⁇ M, 32 ⁇ M, 64 ⁇ M and 128 ⁇ M.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of calcein efflux rates for virus composition artificial membranes.
- FIG. 7 shows the calcein efflux rate results for the bacterial composition artificial membrane.
- the horizontal axis in FIGS. 6 and 7 is the concentration of chlorhexidine ( ⁇ g/mL), and the vertical axis is the calcein efflux rate (%).
- chlorhexidine can form pores large enough for calcein having a molecular weight of 622.55 to pass through in both the virus-composed artificial membrane and the bacterial-composed artificial membrane.
- the ability of chlorhexidine to disrupt membranes was shown to be high, since pores that are much larger than the pores through which small ions (K + , H + ) can pass can be formed.
- the measurement is performed in an aqueous solution, and it can be said that a sufficient effect is exhibited at a concentration lower than the solubility of 80 mg/100 mL of chlorhexidine.
- Fig. 8 shows the results of measuring the erythrocyte destructive action of chlorhexidine gluconate and chlorhexidine.
- the horizontal axis is the concentration of chlorhexidine gluconate and chlorhexidine, and the vertical axis is hemolytic activity (%).
- the values in parentheses for the concentration (%) of chlorhexidine gluconic acid are values obtained by converting the concentration of chlorhexidine gluconic acid into the concentration of chlorhexidine.
- the maximum solubility of chlorhexidine in water is 0.08% (80 mg/100 mL), and even at this concentration the hemolytic activity can be estimated to be about 50%. This is because the solubility of chlorhexidine is lower than that of chlorhexidine gluconic acid, indicating the high safety of chlorhexidine in the presence of water. By using within the solubility of chlorhexidine (0.08% or less in water solvent), it was shown that it can be used much more safely than conventional chlorhexidine disinfectants.
- Bacteria include methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus 209P, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N3115, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus OM584, vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Mu50, Pseudomonas aeruginosa wild strain PAO1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa-resistant gene quadruple disruption strain. YM64, S. faecalis ATCC29212, vancomycin-resistant S. faecalis ATCC51299, and vancomycin-resistant S. faecalis NCTC12201 were used.
- the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was measured for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant bacteria.
- Table 5 shows the minimum growth inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of chlorhexidine and norfloxacin against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant bacteria.
- chlorhexidine inhibited the growth of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus 209P at a concentration of 0.5 ⁇ g/mL (0.00005%) compared to norfloxacin. .
- chlorhexidine when chlorhexidine was used, it was confirmed that growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N3115 was inhibited at a concentration of 1 ⁇ g/mL (0.0001%).
- chlorhexidine when chlorhexidine is used, at a concentration of 2 ⁇ g/mL (0.0002%), it inhibits the growth of vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Mu50, Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance gene quadruple disruptant YM64, and S. faecalis ATCC29212. was confirmed. In addition, when chlorhexidine was used, it was confirmed that growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus OM584, vancomycin-resistant S. faecalis ATCC51299, and vancomycin-resistant S. faecalis NCTC12201 was inhibited at a concentration of 4 ⁇ g/mL (0.0004%).
- a 96-well test plate was prepared using RPMI1640 with 100 ⁇ L per well and a 2-fold dilution series of the reagent concentration. Bacteria were grown in RPMI 1640 and added at approximately 200 CFU/mL per well of the test plate. After culturing at 37° C. for 48 hours, the growth of bacteria was visually confirmed, and the minimum concentration at which no growth of bacteria occurred was taken as MIC.
- Candida fungus ATCC12201 was used.
- chlorhexidine was used as an example
- fluconazole an antifungal agent
- the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was measured against Candida. As a result, the minimum growth inhibitory concentration was 2 ⁇ g/mL (0.0002%) when chlorhexicine was used, whereas it was 0.25 ⁇ g/mL when fluconazole was used. With chlorhexidine, the minimum growth inhibitory concentration was higher than with fluconazole, but a sufficiently low result of 2 ⁇ g/mL (0.0002%) was obtained. Therefore, it is possible to sufficiently prevent the growth of fungi even for Candida.
- the antibacterial agent and antifungal agent according to one embodiment of the present invention can inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi by containing sufficiently low concentration of low-solubility chlorhexidine.
- chlorhexidine By containing 0.00005% chlorhexidine in the case of an antibacterial agent and by containing 0.0002% chlorhexidine in the case of an antifungal agent, it is possible to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi and to ensure safety to the human body. was confirmed.
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Abstract
Description
C=1000tpρ [mg/cm2]・・・・・・(1)
ただし、t(cm)は浸透させる表面の皮膜又は層の厚み(1×10-5<t<0.3)、pは多孔質膜の場合は空隙率であり樹脂材料等では浸透成分の基材に対する限界体積比率(無次元,0.01<ρ<0.9)である。ρは低溶解度クロルヘキシジンの密度(0.8<ρ<2.2,代表的値は1.4g/cm3)である。ここで指定される上限濃度Cを超えてクロルヘキシジンが配置されると基材から溢れて肌触りを悪くしたり、ぬめりを生じたり、表面に粉末を生じて使用に適さない。典型的な上限濃度Cは、10μm厚で、70%の体積比で、密度1.4g/cm3の低溶解度クロルヘキシジンが浸透する場合、1mg/cm2以下であることが望ましい。
本実施形態では、本発明の一実施形態に係る抗ウイルス効果を有する抗ウイルス剤について説明する。本明細書等において、抗ウイルス効果とは、病原体ウイルスの不活性化を意味する。
本発明の一実施形態に係る抗ウイルス剤は、溶媒と、低溶解度クロルヘキシジンと、を有する。
次に、本発明の一実施形態に係る抗ウイルス剤を用いて、物品に抗ウイルス効果を付与する方法について説明する。
上述した抗ウイルス性を付与する方法により、本発明に一実施形態に係る抗ウイルス性を有する物品において、基材の表面に20℃における水への溶解度が80mg/100mLのクロルヘキシジンが配置されている。抗ウイルス性を有する物品では、基材の表面にウイルスを含む飛沫液が付着した場合、基材に配置されたクロルヘキシジンが、ウイルスを攻撃し、破壊して、不活性化させることができる。
C=1000tpρ [mg/cm2]・・・・・・(1)
ただし、t(cm)は浸透させる表面の皮膜又は層の厚み(1×10-5<t<0.3)、pは多孔質膜の場合は空隙率であり樹脂材料等では浸透成分の基材に対する限界体積比率(無次元,0.01<ρ<0.9)である。ρは低溶解度クロルヘキシジンの密度(0.8<ρ<2.2,代表的値は1.4g/cm3)である。クロルヘキシジンは、極めて低い濃度であってもウイルスを破壊して、不活性化させることができる。クロルヘキシジンは、口腔ケアにも用いられる物質である。仮に、クロルヘキシジンが、水分などに溶け出したとしても、人体への安全性も確保することができる。ここで指定される上限濃度Cを超えてクロルヘキシジンが配置されると基材から溢れて肌触りを悪くしたり、ぬめりを生じたり、表面に粉末を生じて使用に適さない。典型的な上限濃度Cは、10μm厚で、70%の体積比で、密度1.4g/cm3の低溶解度クロルヘキシジンが浸透する場合、1mg/cm2以下であることが望ましい。
本実施形態では、本発明の一実施形態に係る抗菌効果を有する抗菌剤について説明する。なお、本明細書等における「抗菌効果」とは、殺菌効果や制菌効果を包含する概念である。すなわち、特定の細菌の生菌数を減少させる作用だけでなく、特定の細菌の増殖スピードを抑制する作用が確認された場合も「抗菌効果」を有しているとみなされる。
本発明の一実施形態に係る抗菌剤は、溶媒と、低溶解度クロルヘキシジンとを、を有する。抗菌剤として用いることが可能な低溶解度クロルヘキシジン及び溶媒は、第1実施形態で説明したものと同様のものを用いることが可能であるため、詳細な説明については、第1実施形態を参照すればよい。
次に、本発明の一実施形態に係る抗菌剤を用いて、物品に抗菌効果を付与する方法について説明する。なお、抗菌効果を付与することが可能な基材は、第1実施形態で説明した基材と同様の基材を用いることができる。
上述した抗菌性を付与する方法により、本発明に一実施形態に係る抗菌性を有する物品において、基材の表面に20℃における水への溶解度が80mg/100mLのクロルヘキシジンが配置されている。抗菌性を有する物品では、基材の表面に細菌が付着した場合、基材に配置されたクロルヘキシジンが、細菌を攻撃し、破壊して、不活性化させることができる。
本実施形態では、本発明の一実施形態に係る抗真菌効果を有する抗真菌剤について説明する。なお、本明細書等における「抗真菌効果」とは、殺真菌効果や真菌増殖抑制効果を包含する概念である。すなわち、特定の真菌の生菌数を減少させる作用だけでなく、特定の真菌の増殖スピードを抑制する作用が確認された場合も「抗真菌効果」を有しているとみなされる。
本発明の一実施形態に係る抗真菌剤は、溶媒と、低溶解度クロルヘキシジンとを、を有する。抗真菌剤として用いることが可能な低溶解度クロルヘキシジン及び溶媒は、第1実施形態で説明したものと同様のものを用いることが可能であるため、詳細な説明については、第1実施形態を参照すればよい。
次に、本発明の一実施形態に係る抗真菌剤を用いて、物品に抗真菌効果を付与する方法について説明する。なお、抗真菌効果を付与することが可能な基材は、第1実施形態で説明した基材と同様の基材を用いることができる。
上述した抗真菌性を付与する方法により、本発明に一実施形態に係る抗真菌性を有する物品において、基材の表面に20℃における水への溶解度が80mg/100mLのクロルヘキシジンが配置されている。抗真菌性を有する物品では、基材の表面に真菌が付着した場合、基材に配置されたクロルヘキシジンが、真菌を攻撃し、破壊して、不活性化させることができる。
試験検体として、クロルヘキシジンを128μg/mLを含む水溶液を用いた。
比較例1として、緩衝液(PBS:Phosphate-buffered saline)を用いた。
比較例2として、MilliQを用いた。
実施例2として、4cm×4cmのSUS基板上に、AD法(Aerosol Deposition Method)によって3μmのアルミナ(Al2O3)の多孔質膜(ナノポーラス膜)を4cm×4cmとして形成した。当該多孔質膜に、128μg/cm2のクロルヘキシジンを塗布した。
比較例3として、SUS基板(4cm×4cm)を用いた。
V=(10×C×D)/A
V:試験片1cm2当たりのウイルス感染価(PFU/cm2)
C:プラーク数
D:洗い出し液の希釈倍率
A:試験片とウイルスとの接触面積
抗ウイルス活性値=log(Vb)-log(Vc)
Log(Vb):24時間後の比較例1の1cm2当たりのウイルス感染価の常用対数値
Log(Vc):24時間後の実施例1の1cm2当たりのウイルス感染値の常用対数値
実施例3として、4cm×4cmのSUS基板上に、AD法によって3μmのアルミナ(Al2O3)の多孔質膜(ナノポーラス膜)を4cm×4cmとして形成した。当該多孔質膜に、16μg/cm2のクロルヘキシジンを塗布した。
まず、クロルヘキシジンを1mg/mLとなるようにアセトン中に溶解させた。次に、16cm2のSUS基板にクロルヘキシジンを含む溶液を塗布した。その後、アセトンを揮発させることにより、基材上にクロルヘキシジンを125μg/cm2配置させた。
クロルヘキシジングルコン酸塩を1mg/mLとなるようにアセトン中に溶解させた。次に、16cm2のSUS基板にクロルヘキシジングルコン酸塩を含む溶液を塗布した。その後、アセトンを揮発させることにより、基材上にクロルヘキシジングルコン酸塩を125μg/cm2配置させた。
ウイルス組成人工膜の作製方法について説明する。まず、ホスファチジルコリン(PC:phosphatidyl choline)とコレステロールを用いて、モル比を4:3として調整した。
次に、バクテリア組成人工膜の作製方法について説明する。ホスファチジルエタノールアミン(PE:phosphatidylethanolamine)とホスファチジルグリセロール(PG:phosphatidylglycerol)を用いて、モル比を4:1として調製したこと以外は、ウイルス組成人工膜の作製方法と同様にして、バクテリア組成人工膜を作製した。
Claims (18)
- 溶媒と、低溶解度クロルヘキシジンと、を有する、抗ウイルス剤。
- 前記低溶解度クロルヘキシジンの20℃における水への溶解度は、150mg/100mL以下である、請求項1に記載の抗ウイルス剤。
- 前記低溶解度クロルヘキシジンは、陰イオンを含まないクロルヘキシジンまたはクロルヘキシジン塩酸塩である、請求項1又は2に記載の抗ウイルス剤。
- 前記低溶解度クロルヘキシジンの濃度は、0.0016質量%~0.15質量%である、請求項1に記載の抗ウイルス剤。
- 前記溶媒は、酢酸メチル、アセトン、アルコール、及び水の少なくとも一つである、請求項1に記載の抗ウイルス剤。
- エンベロープ型ウイルス及び/又は非エンベロープ型ウイルスを不活性化する、請求項1に記載の抗ウイルス剤。
- 前記非エンベロープ型ウイルスは、ネコカリシウイルスである、請求項6に記載の抗ウイルス剤。
- 添加剤として、ZnOナノ粒子をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の抗ウイルス剤。
- 添加剤として、アルキルジアミノエチルグリシン塩酸塩、アルキルベタイン、アルキルアミンオキシドのいずれか一つをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の抗ウイルス剤。
- 添加剤として、アルキルグリコシド、脂肪酸アルカノールアミド、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルのいずれか一つをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の抗ウイルス剤。
- 請求項1に記載の抗ウイルス剤を、基材に塗布若しくは噴霧、又は前記抗ウイルス剤に前記基材を含侵させた後、前記溶媒を蒸発させることで、前記基材に20℃における水への溶解度が150mg/100mL以下の前記低溶解度クロルヘキシジンを付着させる、抗ウイルス性を付与する方法。
- 基材に、20℃における水への溶解度が150mg/100mL以下のクロルヘキシジンが配置された抗ウイルス性を有する物品。
- 前記基材に配置されるクロルヘキシジンは、0.01μg/cm2以上、下記式(1)で表される上限濃度C以下である、請求項12に記載の抗ウイルス性を有する物品。
上限濃度C=1000tpρ[mg/cm2] (1)
(式中、t(cm)は浸透させる表面の皮膜又は層の厚み、pは多孔質膜の場合は空隙率、樹脂材料の場合は浸透成分の前記基材に対する限界体積比率(無次元)、ρは低溶解度クロルヘキシジンの密度(g/cm3)である。) - 前記基材は、繊維、紙、布、樹脂、金属、又はセラミックスである、請求項12に記載の抗ウイルス性を有する物品。
- 溶媒と、低溶解度クロルヘキシジンと、を有する、抗菌剤。
- 基材に、20℃における水への溶解度が150mg/100mL以下のクロルヘキシジンが配置された抗菌性を有する物品。
- 溶剤と、低溶解度クロルヘキシジンと、を有する、抗真菌剤。
- 基材に、20℃における水への溶解度が150mg/100mL以下のクロルヘキシジンが配置された抗真菌性を有する物品。
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WO2014126099A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-12 | 2014-08-21 | 東洋紡株式会社 | ウイルス不活化剤 |
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ALBAYATY YASSAMIN N., THOMAS NICKY, JAMBHRUNKAR MANASI, AL-HAWWAS MOHAMMED, KRAL ANITA, THORN CHELSEA R., PRESTIDGE CLIVE A.: "Enzyme responsive copolymer micelles enhance the anti-biofilm efficacy of the antiseptic chlorhexidine", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS, vol. 566, 20 July 2019 (2019-07-20), NL , pages 329 - 341, XP093056843, ISSN: 0378-5173, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.069 * |
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