WO2023062033A1 - Utilisation de 1,3-thiazépane-2-thione pour stimuler les défenses de plantes contre les agents pathogènes, composition et procédés associés - Google Patents
Utilisation de 1,3-thiazépane-2-thione pour stimuler les défenses de plantes contre les agents pathogènes, composition et procédés associés Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023062033A1 WO2023062033A1 PCT/EP2022/078302 EP2022078302W WO2023062033A1 WO 2023062033 A1 WO2023062033 A1 WO 2023062033A1 EP 2022078302 W EP2022078302 W EP 2022078302W WO 2023062033 A1 WO2023062033 A1 WO 2023062033A1
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- plants
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- trees
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- thione
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
- A01N47/46—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides containing —N=C=S groups
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a use of 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione to stimulate the defenses of plants or trees against pathogens, in particular bacteria, viruses and fungi and to a composition and methods thereof.
- the present invention aims to reduce the effects of an attack of such a pathogenic agent on a plant, including a tree, in order, at least, to allow the plant or the tree to continue to grow correctly despite this infection, by overcoming the disease, i.e. allowing the plant or tree to grow despite the pathogen, reducing or eliminating the impact of the pathogen.
- 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione, synthesized or extracted from a source plant can also, in certain uses, allow the target plant of the attack to eradicate certain pathogens. This use can be curative or preventive.
- the present invention aims to remedy all or part of these drawbacks.
- the present invention relates to an eliciting composition stimulating the defenses of plants or trees reducing the effects of an attack by a pathogenic agent, which comprises 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione.
- the present invention reduces the effects of pathogenic agents on plants, plants including trees, so as to allow the plant to continue to grow correctly despite this attack, by overcoming the consequences of this attack, that is to say by allowing the plant or tree to grow despite the pathogen, reducing or eliminating the impact of that pathogen.
- This use can be curative or preventive.
- 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione is a fairly stable compound, even under heat treatment.
- thiones Two main characteristics differentiate thiones (or thioketones) from other carbonyls: because of the higher energies of the sulfur p orbitals, the thiocarbonyl group is more reactive and tends to form oligomers except in special cases such as thiobenzophenone. In addition, the double bond between carbon and sulfur is less polarized due to a less difference in electronegativity between these two atoms. This reduces the selectivity in case of nucleophilic addition. It is noted that thiones are generally more stable than thioaldehydes. Their synthesis can be carried out by thionation: the thionation of ketone compounds is the most common route for the synthesis of thiones. Lawesson's reagent is particularly used for this type of reaction.
- composition that is the subject of the invention has an effect of potentiation of the defenses and resistances of universal plants for pathogens triggering gene for gene recognition, whether these pathogens are viruses, bacteria or fungi, or even other types of pathogens.
- the eliciting composition comprises, as the main active compound, 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione.
- the elicitor composition comprises, as sole active compound, 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione.
- the eliciting composition stimulating the defenses of the plants or trees that are the subject of the invention reduces the effects of an attack by one of the following viruses:
- BBTV Banana Bunchy Top Virus
- JNO or BYDV Barley yellow dwarf virus
- SCMV Sugarcane mosaic virus
- MNN Maize lethal necrosis disease viruses
- TSWV Tomato spotted wilt virus
- Tomato mosaic virus Tomato mosaic virus, ToMV
- the eliciting composition stimulating the defenses of the plants or trees that are the subject of the invention reduces the effects of an attack:
- Pruni in particular Prunus spp., and in particular fruit trees such as apricot, almond, cherry, peach, plum, P. salicina, cherry laurel as well as other exotic or ornamental Prunus, including P. davidiana and P. laurocerasus,
- Candidatus Phytoplasma solani of the vine lavender, potato, tomato, eggplant, pepper and tobacco
- HLB huanglongbing
- CBS Citrus black spot
- the reduction of the effects of pathogenic agents on the plants or trees attacked by these pathogenic agents comprises, in certain cases, the total or partial reduction of the symptoms.
- plants and trees have, when their defense system is functional (in particular thanks to the stimulation obtained by the implementation of the invention), the capacity to defeat a pathogenic agent.
- the use of the composition that is the subject of the present invention aims to stimulate what plants already know how to do, but which they do not do in cases of “sensitivity”, because they do not recognize their aggressor. The decline of the pathology thus appears in certain examples of the description.
- the eliciting composition stimulating the defenses of the plants or trees that are the subject of the invention reduces the effects of an attack by at least one of the beet yellows viruses.
- the eliciting composition stimulating the defenses of the plants or trees that are the subject of the invention reduces the effects of an attack by at least one of the cucumber mosaic viruses.
- the 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione is obtained from at least part of a rocket plant, including Eruca sativa and Diplotaxis tenuifolia.
- the 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione is obtained from ground material from the rocket plant, and:
- said extract of at least a part of arugula plants comprises at least leaves of said arugula plants, preferably essentially leaves and flowers, and
- the method for obtaining said liquid extract comprises the following steps: a) a step of grinding in an aqueous medium of said arugula plants; b) filtration of the ground material obtained; and c) recovering the liquid extract obtained after filtration.
- the term “essentially comprises” is intended here to denote by comprising at least 75%, preferably at least 95%, of leaves and flowers of said plants by weight, for example dry, relative to the total weight of the plant, before mixing with the solvent aqueous.
- the elicitor composition comprises 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione obtained by thionation. In embodiments, the elicitor composition comprises 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione obtained by aqueous extraction from at least one of the plants of the species Brassica oleracea.
- the application to the plant or tree is by foliar spraying, ground irrigation, drip, use in hydroponics, seed treatment and/or seed coating.
- the application to the plant or the tree is done with a dilution in water of the composition between 2 g/L and 2000 g/L expressed in grams of plants on which the extraction per liter of product applied.
- the application to the plant or the tree is done with a dilution in water of the composition between 5 g/L and 200 g/L expressed in grams of plants on which the extraction per liter of product applied.
- said extract of at least one part of plants is a liquid extract of said plants.
- application to the plant or tree is by foliar spray, soil drench, soil irrigation, drip, hydroponic cultivation, seed treatment and/or seed coating.
- At least one active principle is obtained from leaves of said plants.
- At least one active principle is obtained from flowers of said plants.
- At least one active principle is obtained by grinding at least a part of said plants.
- At least one active principle is obtained by aqueous extraction.
- At least one active principle is obtained, by oil extraction, by solvent extraction, or by extraction of cakes or pastes.
- the 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione is a synthetic product.
- the composition is formulated as a powder, soluble powder, wettable powder, granules, dispersible granules, or wettable or slow-release granules, to be diluted in water at the time of use.
- the composition is formulated as a liquid, liquid soluble concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate, suspension concentrate, or ready to use.
- the present invention relates to a use of the eliciting composition which is the subject of the invention to reduce the effects of pathogenic agents on plants, including trees.
- the present invention relates to a process for reducing the effects of pathogenic agents on plants, including trees, comprising a step of applying the eliciting composition which is the subject of the invention to said plant.
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of a composition which is the subject of the invention, which comprises a step of grinding at least a part of said plants, to provide a ground material, and a filtering step to extracting solid parts from said ground material and obtaining a liquid.
- the present invention relates to a process for the physical simulation of gene-for-gene interaction by applying to the plant a composition comprising 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione.
- the process and the composition that is the subject of the invention perform an action on the plant within hours, or even in less than one hour, after the gene-for-gene interaction with the virus or its variant, thus avoiding the problem of mutations in the case of viruses, and providing a response immediately strengthening the resistance of treated plants against viruses, bacteria, fungi and other pathogens.
- composition which is the subject of the invention acts in a effective against pathogens, by acting in very early times by simulating a gene for gene interaction, which allows the plant to overcome all the weaknesses of a plant vis-à-vis a virus (too rapid appearance of variants, replication of the virus, etc.) and, more generally, of a pathogen.
- Figure 1 schematically represents a first synthesis reaction
- Figure 2 schematically represents a second synthesis reaction
- FIG. 3 represents, in the form of a flowchart, the steps of a particular embodiment of the manufacturing process
- FIG. 4 represents, in the form of a flowchart, the steps of a particular embodiment of the process for the manufacture and use of the eliciting composition which is the subject of the present invention.
- Figure 5 shows a cyclized structure of 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione.
- composition which is the subject of the invention, preferably in its form extracted from a rocket plant, and particularly from Eruca Sativa and from diplotaxis tenuifolia or broccoli, acts very early after its spraying, demonstrating that this composition mimics the gene-to-gene relationship. For example, thirty minutes after being sprayed, the preferential composition triggers a series of metabolic events which show that the defense mechanisms triggered resemble those described in a gene for gene relationship:
- ROS reactive oxygen species
- composition object of the invention is therefore capable of acting independently of the structure of the products of Resistance and Avirulence genes, making it possible to overcome any mutation of the virus and the other pathogens.
- composition which is the subject of the invention acts effectively, not only against bacteria and fungi, but also against viruses, by acting in very early times by simulating a gene for gene interaction, which allows the plant to overcome all the weaknesses of a plant vis-à-vis a virus (too rapid appearance of variants, replication of the virus, etc.).
- composition places the plants in a state of resistance, by acting downstream of the interaction between the R and AVR genes, in order to short-circuit any virus mutations.
- the composition that is the subject of the invention has the capacity to trigger all the defense mechanisms appearing “after” a “gene for gene” recognition phenomenon, both for viruses and for other pathogens, in particular bacteria and fungi.
- the effectiveness of the present invention reduces the effects of viruses on plants, plants, or trees, so as to allow the plant, in particular a tree, to continue to grow correctly despite this attack, by overcoming the consequences of this attack, it that is, allowing the plant or tree to grow despite the virus, reducing or eliminating the impact of the virus.
- the plant extract can also, in certain uses, allow the plant to eradicate certain viruses. This use can be curative or preventive.
- the reduction of the effects of the viruses on the plants or trees attacked by these viruses comprises, in certain cases, the total or partial reduction of the symptoms.
- plants and trees have, when their defense system is functional (in particular thanks to the stimulation obtained by the implementation of the invention), the capacity to defeat a virus.
- the use of the composition that is the subject of the present invention aims to stimulate what plants already know how to do, but which they do not do in cases of “sensitivity”, because they do not recognize their aggressor. The decline of the pathology thus appears in certain examples of the description.
- a phytovirus, or plant virus is a virus attacking plant organisms. These viruses have the particularity of penetrating the plant cell of their host in order to divert the mechanisms of the cell to their advantage and allow them to reproduce.
- Lineages of plant viruses have evolved independently of each other: like most endoparasites, viruses multiply in isolation within their hosts.
- the parallel evolution of viral strains and resistant hosts (coevolution) is at the origin of a great specialization of viruses vis-à-vis their host.
- Viruses are thus capable of attacking only one species or one family of plants.
- the tobacco mosaic virus for example, is capable of attacking most plants belonging only to the Solonaceae family (tomato, tobacco, eggplant, etc.).
- Viruses are obligate parasites, in the sense that they cannot multiply and live only in their host plant. Moreover, they can occur alone or in combinations of several pathogens.
- viruses on which the eliciting composition which is the subject of the invention have been successfully tested are described below:
- Beet yellows is a leaf disease caused by viruses transmitted by green aphids. These viruses negatively impact the storage of sugar in the roots. Moderate jaundice is caused by two genetically similar viruses from the Luteovirus family: Beet Chlorosis Virus (BChV) Beet Mild Yellowing Virus (BMYV).
- BChV Beet Chlorosis Virus
- BMYV Beet Mild Yellowing Virus
- Severe jaundice is caused by a single virus belonging to the Closterovirus family, the Beet Yellows Virus (BYV).
- BYV Beet Yellows Virus
- the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV, Tobacco mosaic virus) is a species of virus of the genus Tobamovirus (family Virgaviridae) of which it is the type species. It was the first virus to be discovered at the end of the nineteenth century. This plant virus, with a cosmopolitan distribution, infects many species of plants, in particular common tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and other members of the Solanaceae family in which it causes, among other things, symptoms of leaf discoloration in the form of mosaics. or marbling.
- Cassava Mosaic Virus ACMD
- the Africa-restricted ACMD complex poses a major threat to the continent's food security, especially given the increased use of cassava continent-wide.
- BBTV Banana Bunchy Top Virus
- Banana streak virus (BSV) is responsible for chlorotic streak mosaics on banana. Symptoms evolve into necroses and lead to bursting of the pseudostem. In severe cases, the infection can lead to the death of the plants by necrosis of the apical meristem preventing the formation of the inflorescence. BSV is a complex of species: there is a strong heterogeneity between its isolates, both serological and genetic, which results in a classification into various viral species.
- JNO Barley dwarf yellows
- the symptoms expressed by the mosaic virus can be of several types: leaf mosaic or mottling, progressive yellowing of the foliage, necrotic rings, deformation of flowers, fruits and leaves.
- the damage may necessitate the total destruction of all plants and may completely prevent harvesting.
- Sugarcane mosaic virus (ScMV) is directly implicated in Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease which is caused by the combination of Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and a potyvirus, commonly Sugarcane Mosaic Virus on maize Incidence of the disease is greater in areas where the vector population is more present, and where crops susceptible to the disease are grown in large numbers, such as in Africa with maize.
- MCMV Maize chlorotic mottle virus
- Potyviridae which includes about 200 species of economically important plant viruses, causes significant losses in agricultural, pasture, horticultural and ornamental crops.
- Sugar cane mosaic virus is l 'one of the most important and economically important viruses due to its host diversity.
- the virus, especially the corn dwarf mosaic disease caused by SCMV is one of the most common diseases. most
- the sweet potato feathery mottle virus (Potyvirus), or SPFMV, Sweetpotato feathery mottle virus): This is the most widespread in the tropics. It is transmitted by aphids like aphis gossypii, aphis craccivora, Myzus persicae and Lipaphis erysimi. It causes light circular spots on the leaves and necrotic, cork-like lesions on the tubers.
- the sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (Crinivirus), or SPCSV (Sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus): This virus is transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). It causes yellowing or purple discoloration of the lower leaves as well as general stunting of the plant and a significant drop in tuber production.
- SPCSV and SPFMV are the agents of the sweetpotato virus disease sometimes known as SPVD (Sweetpotato virus disease).
- Other viruses that can affect sweetpotato crops include sweetpotato mild mottle virus (SPMMV), sweetpotato mild mottle virus (SPLV), sweetpotato mild mottle virus (SPLV). ), sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus (SPCFV), sweet potato virus G (SPVG), and sweet potato leafroll virus (SPLCV) (Sweet potato leaf curl virus).
- ToBRFV tomato brown rugose fruit virus
- the present invention also relates to the preventive or curative treatment:
- Pruni in particular Prunus spp., and in particular fruit trees such as apricot, almond, cherry, peach, plum, P. salicina, cherry laurel as well as other exotic or ornamental Prunus, including P. davidiana and P. laurocerasus,
- Candidatus Phytoplasma solani of the vine lavender, potato, tomato, eggplant, pepper and tobacco
- Candidatus Liberibacter spp. affects the health of trees as well as the development and ripening of fruits and the quality of citrus fruits and their juice, whose vector is the Psylla, going as far as the death of the tree,
- CBS citrus black spot disease
- phytoplasma bacterial organism
- glucosinolates which are secondary metabolites of sulfur-containing plants.
- ITCs 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione and isothyocyanates
- Camelinin 1 -isothiocyanato-10-(methylsulfinyl)decane
- 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione is a powerful elicitor for plants infected with the pathogenic agents described above, whether curative or preventive.
- 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione has a cyclized structure described in figure 4.
- 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione is a fairly stable compound, even under heat treatment.
- the 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione forming part of the eliciting composition that is the subject of the present invention can be obtained by purification of a plant extract.
- the 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione forming part of the eliciting composition which is the subject of the invention is a synthetic 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione.
- the general method of synthesizing isothiocyanates is to react a primary amine (e.g. aniline) with carbon disulfide in aqueous ammonia, causing the precipitation of the ammonium dithiocarbamate salt, which is then treated to lead nitrate to give the corresponding isothiocyanate.
- Another method is based on a decomposition of the dithiocarbamate salts generated in the first step above by tosyl chloride (4-toluenesulfonyl chloride, usually called tosyl chloride is a sulfonic acid chloride with the condensed structural formula CH3C6H4SO2CI .) as shown in Figure 1 .
- Isothiocyanates are also synthesized by the thermally induced fragmentation reactions of 1,4,2-oxathiazoles. This synthetic methodology was applied to a polymer-based isothiocyanate synthesis, as shown in Figure 2.
- Isothiocyanates are also synthesized by reactions of glucosinolates, and the enzyme myrosinase, which acts on glucosinolates to release isothiocyanates.
- the eliciting composition can be formulated to make it easier to use.
- it can be used in the form of powder, soluble powder, wettable powder, granules, dispersible granules, or wettable or slow-release granules, to be diluted in water at the time of use, liquid, liquid soluble concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate, suspension concentrate, or ready to use, depending on the formulation chosen and the intended use.
- the formulations are made from isothiocyanates according to techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- 4-mercaptobutyl ITC takes the form of its tautomer with a cyclic structure, 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione.
- 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione can also be synthesized by thionation: thionation of ketone compounds is the most common route for the synthesis of thiones. Lawesson's reagent is particularly used for this type of reaction.
- Results of the reactions mentioned above can be purified, by any means, to facilitate formulation.
- the eliciting composition object of the invention (“IEC”) showed an absence of antibacterial and antifungal effects.
- IEC eliciting composition object of the invention
- Molds Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus brasiliensis, Aureobasidium melanogenum (formerly A. pullulans), Viruses: Beet Chlorosis Virus (BChV) and Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV).
- the sample analyzed is the CEI product ready to use, at the dose of use.
- the sample is filtered at 0.22 ⁇ m and kept cool before use.
- a count is carried out by spreading on the surface or in mass of decimal dilutions from 0.1 ml of sample on the following media:
- the CEI product is also tested under in vitro conditions on other main fungal species associated with the “CoDIRO” disease: Phaeoacremonium, Phaeomoniella, Pleurostomophora, Colletotrichum, Botryosphaeriaceae.
- the IEC product does not appear to directly inhibit fungal growth in vitro, and each micro- organism grows. However, in open fields, none of these microorganisms were found on the drupes of the treated trees, whereas they were found on the control trees.
- CEI works by stimulating plant defenses, and allowing treated plants to defend themselves against pathogens.
- CEI can be defined as an elicitor, given that the molecules possessing the property of inducing within the plant a cascade of defense reactions against pathogenic agents are called elicitors.
- CEI exhibits no direct antibacterial or antifungal activity as described above.
- CEI has the particularity of stimulating the defenses of plants, and allowing them to react effectively, even in the case of invasive pathogens, which are difficult to combat.
- CEI had no effect on the growth of the bacterium in vitro. But as with the other models, CEI shows significant efficacy against xyllela fastidiosa of the grapevine, allowing them to recover vigor, and begin to produce new shoots and fruit again.
- xylem cells undergo programmed cell death and, therefore, are not able to trigger defense responses on their own (Yadeta and Bart 2013; Hilaire et al. 2001; Berne and Javornik 2016 Rep et al. 2002).
- Vascular pathogens are then likely to be recognized by receptors in living parenchyma cells surrounding the xylem (Yadeta and Bart 2013; Berne and Javornik 2016).
- xylem occlusion many factors can contribute to xylem occlusion, such as high and low molecular weight polysaccharides secreted by the bacteria during xylem colonization, or the presence of pathogenic biomass (bacterial cells) (Yadeta and Bart 2013).
- plant defense responses can also contribute to xylem occlusion, such as the formation of thyloses by parenchymal cells and the secretion of gums and gels (Fradin and Thomma 2006; Kleinman et al. 2009; Beattie 2011). . Embolism (the formation of air bubbles) in xylem vessels is also another factor that can reduce xylem hydraulic conductivity (Pérez-Donoso et al. 2007).
- CEI makes it possible to set up mechanisms of degradation of thyloses, gums, or gels obstructing the vessels in the vine by specific enzymes or processes (in association with metabolic mechanisms linked to defense, such as phenolic compounds, proteins PR, phytoalexins, etc.).
- CEI allows for the active development, in response to infection, of new xylem vessels that will conduct sap.
- CEI has significant efficacy against a variety of hard-to-kill field pathogens. As set forth in the description which follows, the inventor has discovered that the use of this product has a significant effect on the trees and plants mentioned above infected with the pathogens mentioned above.
- composition that is the subject of the present invention does not correspond to what the literature describes:
- 1/ 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione is synthesized or extracted from leaves, stems, flowers, seeds and/or roots, according to a preferential mode of extraction, with or without added water, according to the process described below ( Figure 1 ).
- the composition is preferably diluted in the spray tanks (tanks) to be sprayed at the foliar level (or other application methods described in the description of uses)
- the CEI composition obtained under these extraction conditions, has no direct antimicrobial activity.
- the leaves, stems, seeds, roots and/or flowers are subject to an extraction of compounds, by a known technique, for example by pressing, by ultrasound, and/or by the use of solvents, in particular oily or aqueous.
- plant parts are ground up and heavily diluted in water.
- plant parts are ground without adding water. If necessary, the filtered ground material is then formulated in the form of a powder, by nebulization in a current of rising hot dry air.
- the eliciting composition which is the subject of the invention is in particular used, by application, to stimulate the defenses of plants or trees and to reduce the effects of pathogenic agents, in particular the beet yellows virus and the cucumber mosaic virus.
- CEI works by stimulating plant defenses, and allowing treated plants to defend themselves against these pathogens.
- CEI can be defined as an elicitor, given that the molecules possessing the property of inducing within the plant a cascade of defense reactions against pathogenic agents are called elicitors.
- CEI has the particularity of stimulating the defenses of plants, and allowing them to react effectively, even in the case of invasive pathogens, which are difficult to combat.
- 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione is a fairly stable compound, even under heat treatment, while ITCs from Eruca sativa are degraded.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a particular embodiment of the manufacturing process and the use of the eliciting composition which is the subject of the invention.
- 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione is synthesized or extracted from a plant.
- the extraction is carried out according to one of the methods described above for the synthesis.
- the extraction is carried out according to the method described below with regard to FIG. 3, by grinding, optionally in the presence of water, filtering and purification. As illustrated in FIG.
- the method for manufacturing and using the composition that is the subject of the present invention comprises a step 105 of extracting a plant extract containing a precursor of 1,3- thiazepane-2-thione, for example a rocket plant, in particular Eruca Sativa, diplotaxis tenuifolia or broccoli or a plant genetically modified to produce this precursor.
- a rocket plant in particular Eruca Sativa, diplotaxis tenuifolia or broccoli or a plant genetically modified to produce this precursor.
- this extraction is performed according to the following procedure:
- the leaves, roots, stems, seeds and/or flowers of said plants are finely ground with running water, for fifteen minutes, in a suitable mixer device, in order to obtain a homogeneous ground material;
- the ground material is filtered to separate the debris from the organs used and to obtain a green liquid without residue (the filtrate), which is the basis of the composition that is the subject of the invention or constitutes it.
- At least one of the active principles of the ground material is obtained by oil extraction.
- at least one of the active principles of the ground material is obtained by solvent extraction by mechanical extraction or by microwaves, or by extraction of cakes or pastes.
- at least one of the active principles is obtained by mechanical extraction or microwave extraction.
- the extraction step 105 includes a step of compressing the leaves, roots, stems, seeds or flowers of said plants and collecting the extracted liquid, by simple gravity or by centrifugation.
- a simple centrifugation is implemented during the extraction step 105, to extract the liquid from the parts of said plants used.
- the liquid composition obtained at the end of step 105 can be formulated to make it easier to use.
- it can be used in the form of powder, soluble powder, wettable powder, granules, dispersible granules, or wettable or slow-release granules, to be diluted in water at the time of use, liquid, liquid soluble concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate, suspension concentrate, or ready to use, depending on the formulation chosen and the intended use or infused on a substrate dispersed in the soil of the culture.
- the formulations are made from the product of the extraction step 105 according to techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- volatile extracts are removed from the extract obtained.
- this extract is transformed into a powder, for example by nebulization and passage of the nebulized extract in a flow of hot air, preferably ascending.
- a purification is carried out on the reaction or extraction products, to increase the content of 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione and, optionally, reduce the content of impurities and potentially toxic products.
- the eliciting composition which is the subject of the invention comprises, as sole active compound, 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione.
- Step 215 is then not performed.
- 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione from other sources, GLS precursors, (poly)phenolic compounds and/or at least one brassinosteroid is added to the composition comprising the 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione.
- the eliciting composition which is the subject of the invention comprises, as main active compound, 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione.
- the eliciting composition is formulated.
- the eliciting composition during step 225, it is applied in any form whatsoever (liquid formulation, powder, soluble powder, granules, dispersible granules, slow-dispersing granules, and all formulations) according to the uses and the formulation envisaged.
- the eliciting composition which is the subject of the present invention is preferably used by foliar application or spraying. In other modes of application, soil watering, soil irrigation, drip irrigation, hydroponic cultivation, or even seed treatment and/or seed coating are implemented.
- the eliciting composition can be diluted in water according to the necessary dose, at the time of its use.
- the eliciting composition can be used in a single application, at a rate of between one day and one hundred and twenty days, or continuously, or according to the key stages of plant development, in accordance with good agricultural practices and treatment schedules for each plant species.
- the eliciting composition may include other products (phytosanitary products, growing media and fertilizing material, fertilizer, product facilitating absorption by the treated plant, in particular by its leaves, or any other product intended for agriculture).
- Application doses and application rates are adapted to plant uses and models.
- the doses per liter or per hectare can be adapted to the types of plants infected, the level of infection and the level of symptoms caused by the pathogens.
- the doses and the rates of treatment with the composition that is the subject of the invention will also be adapted to the strategy of preventive or curative action against these pathogenic agents.
- arugula plants from which the extracts used in the present invention are taken they are preferably freshly picked.
- the plants or the parts of interest are suitably dried, in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
- the crushing can be carried out with two crushers which are used with different blade speeds.
- the first ground product obtained in 10 min of grinding is then poured into the second grinder having a faster blade speed.
- the ground material is homogeneous, with no visible residue of parts of leaves, stems or flowers.
- the amount of water added during grinding is between 0 and 200 mL of water, preferably between 10 and 100 mL of water, at room temperature for 100 g of leaves, stem, root, flower or seed.
- Two successive filtrations are carried out, with a nylon filtration cloth (Dutcher, registered trademark) 1000 ⁇ m then 500 ⁇ m.
- the filtration is carried out at room temperature, without pressure.
- Concerning the formulation in the form of powder, granules, dispersible granules, or granules with slow diffusion, a drying temperature is used, and, in embodiments, coatings of the particles with other natural molecules (preferably very hydrophilic ) which allow a very good dissolution in water.
- the formulations are conventional formulations in agriculture, in particular for phytosanitary products, intended to be transported and stored in the form of powder, etc. and to be, just before application, diluted in water.
- the eliciting composition that is the subject of the invention also comprises at least one of the following substances, obtained by synthesis or by extraction from plants, in particular the plants mentioned above:
- Camelinin 1 -isothiocyanato-10-(methylsulfinyl)decane
- alkaloids alkaloids, flavonoids, including kaempferol 3-0-(2"-Omalonyl-pD-glucopy-ranoside)-4'-0-pD-glucopy-ranoside, kaempferol 3,4'-0-diglucopyranoside, rhamnocitrin 3-0-(2"-0- methylnalonyl-pD-glucopyranoside)-4'-O-pD-glucopyranoside,
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Title |
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ALFREDO AIRES ET AL: "Correlations between disease severity, glucosinolate profiles and total phenolics andpv.inoculation of different Brassicaceae", SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 129, no. 3, 7 April 2011 (2011-04-07), pages 503 - 510, XP028221967, ISSN: 0304-4238, [retrieved on 20110414], DOI: 10.1016/J.SCIENTA.2011.04.009 * |
ANDERSSON MATS X. ET AL: "Involvement of the Electrophilic Isothiocyanate Sulforaphane in Arabidopsis Local Defense Responses", vol. 167, no. 1, 31 December 2014 (2014-12-31), Rockville, Md, USA, pages 251 - 261, XP055916479, ISSN: 0032-0889, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://academic.oup.com/plphys/article-pdf/167/1/251/37196477/plphys_v167_1_251.pdf> DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.251892 * |
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