WO2023054493A1 - 電動制動装置 - Google Patents
電動制動装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023054493A1 WO2023054493A1 PCT/JP2022/036219 JP2022036219W WO2023054493A1 WO 2023054493 A1 WO2023054493 A1 WO 2023054493A1 JP 2022036219 W JP2022036219 W JP 2022036219W WO 2023054493 A1 WO2023054493 A1 WO 2023054493A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electric
- electric motor
- actuator
- piston
- braking device
- Prior art date
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
- B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/68—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
- B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
- B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric braking device.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an electric braking device that generates a braking force through linear motion of a piston in a cylinder powered by an electric motor.
- Such electric braking devices include wet-type electric braking devices that generate braking force by transmitting pressure from the piston to the friction members via brake fluid, and electric braking devices that generate braking force by directly transmitting pressure from the piston to the friction members.
- An electric braking device that solves the above problems transmits the rotational motion generated by the electric motor rotating in the braking force increasing direction to the linear motion conversion mechanism through the transmission mechanism, and the linear motion conversion mechanism converts the rotary motion into the cylinder.
- An electric braking device that generates a braking force on the vehicle by converting it into a linear motion that drives the piston provided in the vehicle and pressing the friction part against the friction part that rotates with the wheel of the vehicle, wherein the piston is
- the electric motor rotates in the braking force decreasing direction opposite to the braking force increasing direction by moving in the braking force decreasing direction due to an external force, the electric motor reduces the braking force.
- an actuator actuated to restrain movement of said piston in said decreasing direction by rotating in said direction using electrical power generated by said electric motor.
- the electric control device can reduce the impact when the piston collides with the end of the moving range of the piston in the decreasing direction. As a result, the electric braking device can suppress deterioration in the durability of the component parts of the device.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle equipped with an electric braking device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the circuit configuration of the electric braking device of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle equipped with the electric braking device of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle equipped with the electric braking device of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle equipped with the electric braking device of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle equipped with the electric braking device of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 illustrates some of the components of vehicle 10 .
- the braking mechanism 30 has a brake rotor 31 that rotates together with the wheel 20, a friction member 32 that does not rotate integrally with the wheel 20, and a wheel cylinder 33 that displaces the friction member 32 toward the brake rotor 31 according to hydraulic pressure. .
- the wheel cylinder 33 is connected to an electric braking device 40 via a fluid passage 34 .
- the braking mechanism 30 applies a greater braking force to the wheels 20 by pressing the friction member 32 against the brake rotor 31 more strongly as the hydraulic pressure of the wheel cylinder 33 increases.
- the brake rotor 31 corresponds to an example of a "part to be rubbed"
- the friction member 32 corresponds to an example of a "rubbing part”.
- the electric braking device 40 includes an electric motor 50 , a transmission device 60 , an electric cylinder mechanism 70 and an actuator 80 .
- the electric motor 50 is a brushless DC motor and has a stator 51 , a rotor 52 and an output shaft 53 .
- the stator 51 includes a u-phase coil, a v-phase coil and a w-phase coil. By controlling the energization of each coil, the rotor 52 and the output shaft 53 rotate in the first rotation direction R1 or in the second rotation direction R2 opposite to the first rotation direction R1.
- a ratchet gear 531 is fixed to the output shaft 53 . The ratchet gear 531 rotates together with the output shaft 53 .
- the transmission device 60 transmits power between the electric motor 50 and the electric cylinder mechanism 70 .
- the transmission device 60 has a deceleration mechanism 61 that reduces the rotation speed of the output shaft 53 of the electric motor 50, and a linear motion conversion mechanism 65 that converts rotary motion into linear motion.
- the power of the electric motor 50 is transmitted from the speed reduction mechanism 61 to the linear motion conversion mechanism 65 and output to the electric cylinder mechanism 70 .
- the reduction mechanism 61 has a first gear 62 fixed to the output shaft 53 of the electric motor 50 and a second gear 63 meshing with the first gear 62 . Since the number of teeth of the second gear 63 is larger than that of the first gear 62 , the rotation speed of the second gear 63 is slower than the rotation speed of the first gear 62 . Although there are two gears in this example, the speed reduction mechanism 61 may be constructed by meshing three or more gears. In this respect, the reduction mechanism 61 corresponds to a "transmission mechanism" and the second gear 63 corresponds to a "reduction section". In FIG. 1, the rotation axis of the first gear 62 and the rotation axis of the second gear 63 are in a parallel positional relationship. They may have a positional relationship.
- the linear motion converting mechanism 65 is, for example, a ball screw mechanism and a feed screw mechanism.
- the direct-acting conversion mechanism 65 has a rotating member 66 that rotates based on the power transmitted from the reduction mechanism 61 and a direct-acting member 67 that moves in the axial direction of the rotating member 66 as the rotating member 66 rotates.
- the rotating member 66 includes a third gear 661 meshing with the second gear 63 of the speed reduction mechanism 61 and a screw shaft 662 extending from the third gear 661 in the axial direction of the third gear 661 .
- the direct-acting member 67 cannot rotate around the axis of the rotating member 66 and can move in the axial direction of the rotating member 66 . In the direct-acting conversion mechanism 65 , when the rotating member 66 rotates, the direct-acting member 67 moves in the axial direction of the rotating member 66 .
- the electric cylinder mechanism 70 has an electric cylinder 71 , a piston 72 housed in the electric cylinder 71 , and a stopper 73 that defines the movement range of the piston 72 .
- the electric cylinder mechanism 70 also has a liquid chamber 74 that is divided into the electric cylinder 71 and the piston 72 .
- the electric cylinder 71 accommodates the screw shaft 662 and the linear motion member 67 together with the piston 72 . Inside the electric cylinder 71 , the piston 72 and the linear motion member 67 are connected. Therefore, when the linear motion member 67 moves in the axial direction of the electric cylinder 71, the piston 72 moves together with the linear motion member 67 in the first direction D1 or in the second direction D2 opposite to the first direction D1. .
- the linear motion of linear member 67 is the linear motion that drives piston 72 .
- the stopper 73 defines the end of the movement range of the piston 72 in the second direction D2. In the present embodiment, when the direct-acting member 67 moving in the second direction D2 together with the stopper 73 contacts the stopper 73, the movement of the piston 72 in the second direction D2 is restricted.
- the stopper 73 can be configured by a wall portion of the electric cylinder 71 or can be configured by a member separate from the electric cylinder 71 .
- the fluid chamber 74 is filled with brake fluid.
- the liquid chamber 74 is connected to the wheel cylinder 33 of the braking mechanism 30 via the liquid passage 34 .
- the brake fluid flows out from the fluid chamber 74 toward the wheel cylinder 33 .
- the piston 72 moves in the second direction D ⁇ b>2 to increase the volume of the fluid chamber 74 , brake fluid flows into the fluid chamber 74 from the wheel cylinder 33 .
- the first rotation direction R1 corresponds to the "braking force increasing direction”
- the first direction D1 corresponds to the "increasing direction”.
- the second rotation direction R2 corresponds to the "braking force decreasing direction”
- the second direction D2 corresponds to the "decreasing direction”.
- the actuator 80 is a so-called solenoid actuator.
- the actuator 80 has a columnar plunger 81 , a coil 82 that generates a magnetic field for driving the plunger 81 , and a housing 83 that houses the plunger 81 and the coil 82 .
- the tip of the plunger 81 has a pawl shape that can be engaged with the ratchet gear 531 .
- the coil 82 generates a magnetic field that drives the plunger 81 when energized. In this embodiment, when the coil 82 is not energized, the plunger 81 is located at the accommodation position where it is accommodated in the housing 83 . On the other hand, when the coil 82 is energized, the plunger 81 is positioned at the protruding position protruding from the housing 83 . If the coil 82 remains energized, the plunger 81 remains in the extended position.
- the actuator 80 is arranged so that the projecting direction of the plunger 81 faces the ratchet gear 531 fixed to the output shaft 53 of the electric motor 50 . As shown in solid lines in FIG. 1, the plunger 81 does not engage the ratchet wheel 531 when the plunger 81 is placed in the retracted position. On the other hand, as indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 1, the plunger 81 is locked to the ratchet gear 531 when the plunger 81 is arranged at the projecting position. When the plunger 81 is placed in the projecting position while the output shaft 53 of the electric motor 50 is rotating, the rotation speed of the output shaft 53 is greatly reduced.
- the actuator 80 strongly prevents the rotation of the output shaft 53 by engaging the plunger 81 with the ratchet gear 531 .
- the ratchet gear 531 may be configured to prevent the rotation of the output shaft 53 by engaging with the plunger 81 when the output shaft 53 is rotating at least in the second rotation direction R2.
- the electric braking device 40 includes a DC power supply 90, a positive line 91 and a negative line 92, a first drive circuit 110, a second drive circuit 120, a control device 130, and a switching element 140. , provided.
- the positive wire 91 is connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply 90 .
- the negative electrode line 92 is connected to the negative electrode of the DC power supply 90 .
- the first drive circuit 110 is an inverter circuit that drives the electric motor 50 .
- the first drive circuit 110 has a plurality of switching elements 111u, 112u, 111v, 112v, 111w, 112w.
- switching elements 111u, 111v, and 111w are connected to the positive line 91, and switching elements 112u, 112v, and 112w are connected to the negative line 92.
- Two switching elements 111u and 112u correspond to the u-phase coil of electric motor 50 .
- the two switching elements 111v and 112v correspond to the v-phase coils of the electric motor 50 .
- the two switching elements 111w and 112w correspond to w-phase coils of the electric motor 50 .
- the first drive circuit 110 periodically turns on/off the plurality of switching elements 111u, 112u, 111v, 112v, 111w, and 112w to convert the DC power input from the DC power supply 90 into AC power.
- the first drive circuit 110 supplies AC power to the u-phase coil, the v-phase coil, and the w-phase coil of the electric motor 50 .
- the second drive circuit 120 is a circuit that drives the actuator 80 .
- the second drive circuit 120 has a first connection line 121 and a second connection line 122 , a switching element 123 , a switching circuit 124 , a diode 125 and a capacitor 126 . Also, the coil 82 of the actuator 80 is provided in the second drive circuit 120 .
- the first connection line 121 connects the positive line 91 and the negative line 92 .
- the second connection line 122 connects the first connection line 121 and the negative electrode line 92 .
- the coil 82 and the switching element 123 are provided in series on the second connection line 122 .
- the switching element 123 switches the energized state of the coil 82 . Specifically, when the switching element 123 is on, the coil 82 is energized, and when the switching element 123 is off, the coil 82 is not energized.
- the switching element 123 is, for example, a MOSFET.
- the switching circuit 124 is a circuit that controls ON/OFF of the switching element 123 .
- the switching circuit 124 controls the switching element 123 based on the identification signal output from the control device 130 .
- the identification signal output from the control device 130 to the switching circuit 124 is a signal indicating whether power supply to the electric motor 50 is normal.
- the identification signal when the power supply to the electric motor 50 is normal is defined as a normal signal
- the identification signal when the power supply to the electric motor 50 is abnormal is defined as an abnormal signal.
- the switching circuit 124 turns off the switching element 123 when the identification signal is a normal signal. In other words, the switching circuit 124 prohibits the switching element 123 from being turned on.
- the switching circuit 124 allows the switching element 123 to turn on from off when the identification signal is an abnormal signal. In this case, when current flows from the first connection line 121 to the switching circuit 124 , the switching circuit 124 turns on the switching element 123 .
- the switching circuit 124 corresponds to an example of a "switching section".
- the case where the identification signal is an abnormal signal is, for example, the case where the DC power supply 90 has a power failure.
- the diode 125 is provided on the first connection line 121 .
- the connection point between the first connection line 121 and the positive electrode line 91 is defined as a connection point P1
- the connection point between the first connection line 121 and the second connection line 122 is defined as a connection point P2
- the diode 125 It is provided in the portion between the connection point P1 and the connection point P2 on the 1 connection line 121 .
- Diode 125 allows current flow from node P1 to node P2 and limits current flow from node P2 to node P1.
- a capacitor 126 is provided on the first connection line 121 .
- the connection point between the first connection line 121 and the switching circuit 124 is defined as a connection point P3
- the connection point between the first connection line 121 and the negative electrode line 92 is defined as a connection point P4
- the capacitor 126 is connected to the first connection It is provided in the portion between the connection point P3 and the connection point P4 on the line 121 .
- the capacitor 126 charges the first connection line 121 when current flows from the connection point P1 to the connection point P3.
- the capacitor 126 discharges toward the switching circuit 124 .
- Capacitor 126 corresponds to a "power supply".
- the switching element 140 is provided on the path between the DC power supply 90 and the connection point P1. Switching element 140 is turned off when electric braking device 40 is abnormal. As a result, for example, when the voltage of the DC power supply 90 drops, it is possible to prevent the electric power generated by the electric motor 50 from being supplied to the DC power supply 90 .
- the control device 130 controls the first drive circuit 110 based on the control signal output from the braking control device that calculates the required braking force required for the vehicle 10 .
- the controller 130 periodically turns on/off the switching elements 111u, 112u, 111v, 112v, 111w, and 112w to adjust the rotation speed and rotation direction of the output shaft 53 of the electric motor 50 .
- control device 130 adjusts the braking force applied to wheels 20 .
- control device 130 outputs the above-described identification signal to switching circuit 124 .
- the switching element 123 of the second drive circuit 120 is turned off. Therefore, the coil 82 is not energized at the point where no current flows through the second connection line 122 . That is, the switching circuit 124 prohibits the operation of the actuator 80 when the power supply to the electric motor 50 is normal. As a result, the plunger 81 of the actuator 80 is arranged in the retracted position. On the other hand, the first connection line 121 is charged by the capacitor 126 at the point where the current flows.
- the switching circuit 124 detects that the switching element 123 is turned on based on the identification signal output from the control device 130. allow. Under such circumstances, when electric power is supplied from the first drive circuit 110 to the second drive circuit 120 due to the power generation of the electric motor 50 , current flows from the first connection line 121 to the switching circuit 124 . As a result, the switching circuit 124 turns on the switching element 123 . Then, current flows through the second connection line 122 and the coil 82 is energized. Thus, switching circuit 124 permits operation of actuator 80 when the power supply to electric motor 50 is abnormal.
- the actuator 80 uses the power generated by the electric motor 50 to restrain the movement of the piston 72 in the second direction D2. Therefore, the piston 72 is prevented from being vigorously pushed back in the second direction D2, and the impact when the piston 72 collides with the end of the movement range of the piston 72 in the second direction D2 can be alleviated. Specifically, the impact when the linear motion member 67 moving in the second direction D2 together with the piston 72 hits the stopper 73 can be reduced. As a result, the electric braking device 40 can suppress deterioration in the durability of the components of the device.
- the first embodiment can further obtain the following effects.
- the second drive circuit 120 has a capacitor 126 . While power is being supplied from the DC power supply 90 to the second drive circuit 120, the capacitor 126 is fully charged. Therefore, when power is no longer supplied from the DC power supply 90 to the second drive circuit 120 and no current flows through the first connection line 121 , the capacitor 126 immediately starts discharging to the switching circuit 124 . In other words, capacitor 126 provides power to switching circuit 124 when the power supply to electric motor 50 is abnormal.
- the electric braking device 40 can quickly turn on the switching element 123 when power is no longer supplied from the DC power supply 90 to the first drive circuit 110 and the second drive circuit 120 . Therefore, the electric braking device 40 can quickly start operating the actuator 80 .
- the actuator 80 prevents rotation of the output shaft 53 of the electric motor 50 before being decelerated by the deceleration mechanism 61 .
- the actuator 80 prevents the operation of the electric motor 50 side of the speed reduction mechanism 61 rather than the second gear 63 in the output torque transmission path of the electric motor 50 . Therefore, for example, the actuator 80 can efficiently suppress the movement of the piston 72 in the second direction D ⁇ b>2 compared to a configuration that prevents the rotation of the rotating body after being decelerated by the deceleration mechanism 61 .
- the electric braking device 40A includes an electric motor 50, a transmission device 60, an electric cylinder mechanism 70, and a plurality of actuators 80A1-80A3.
- the electrical configuration of the electric braking device 40A is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment except that three coils 82 are arranged in series on the second connection line 122 of the second drive circuit 120.
- the plurality of actuators 80A1 to 80A3 are configured in substantially the same manner as the actuator 80 in the first embodiment.
- the plunger 81 does not have to be engaged with the ratchet gear 531, so the tip of the plunger 81 does not have to be claw-shaped.
- the first actuator 80A1 is arranged such that the rotor 52 of the electric motor 50 is positioned in the projecting direction of the plunger 81 .
- the second actuator 80A2 is arranged such that the first gear 62 of the reduction mechanism 61 is positioned in the projecting direction of the plunger 81 .
- the third actuator 80A3 is arranged such that the linear motion member 67 of the linear motion converting mechanism 65 is positioned in the projecting direction of the plunger 81 .
- the first actuator 80A1 prevents the rotor 52 of the electric motor 50 from rotating by bringing the plunger 81 into contact with the rotor 52 of the electric motor 50 . That is, the rotational speed of the output shaft 53 decreases due to the friction between the plunger 81 of the first actuator 80A1 and the rotor 52 .
- the second actuator 80A2 prevents the first gear 62 from rotating by bringing the plunger 81 into contact with the first gear 62 of the reduction mechanism 61 . That is, the friction between the plunger 81 of the second actuator 80A2 and the first gear 62 reduces the rotational speed of the output shaft 53. As shown in FIG.
- the third actuator 80A3 prevents the plunger 81 from moving by bringing the plunger 81 into contact with the linear motion member 67 of the linear motion conversion mechanism 65 . That is, the movement speed of the linear motion member 67 decreases due to the friction between the plunger 81 of the third actuator 80A3 and the linear motion member 67 .
- the electric braking device 40A can suppress the movement of the piston 72 in the second direction D2. That is, the electric braking device 40A can suppress deterioration in the durability of the components of the device.
- the electric braking device 40A only needs to include at least one actuator among the plurality of actuators 80A1 to 80A3. Further, in the second embodiment, the electric braking device 40A only needs to include an actuator that prevents the operation of the power transmission element that forms part of the power transmission path from the electric motor 50 to the piston 72 .
- the electric braking device 40A may include an actuator that prevents rotation of the second gear 63 of the reduction mechanism 61, or an actuator that prevents rotation of the rotating member 66 of the direct-acting conversion mechanism 65.
- the electric braking device 40A may also include an actuator that prevents the piston 72 from operating.
- the electric braking device 40B includes an electric motor 50, a transmission device 60, an electric cylinder mechanism 70, and an actuator 80B.
- the electrical configuration of the electric braking device 40B is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the actuator 80B is a normally open solenoid valve provided in the fluid path 34 connecting the fluid chamber 74 and the wheel cylinder 33.
- Actuator 80B has a coil 82B that generates a magnetic field for driving actuator 80B.
- brake fluid can move between the fluid chamber 74 and the wheel cylinder 33 .
- the actuator 80B is closed, the brake fluid cannot move between the fluid chamber 74 and the wheel cylinder 33 . Since the brake fluid is sealed in the wheel cylinder 33 when the actuator 80B is closed, a fluid passage for releasing the sealed brake fluid may be provided between the wheel cylinder 33 and the actuator 80B. .
- the vehicle 10 includes an atmospheric pressure reservoir 35 that stores brake fluid, and a fluid path 36 that connects the fluid path 34 and the atmospheric pressure reservoir 35 .
- the internal pressure of the atmospheric pressure reservoir 35 is equivalent to the atmospheric pressure.
- the electric braking device 40C includes an electric motor 50, a transmission device 60, an electric cylinder mechanism 70, and an actuator 80C.
- the electrical configuration of the electric braking device 40C is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the actuator 80C is a normally closed solenoid valve provided in the liquid path 36.
- Actuator 80C has coil 82C that generates a magnetic field for driving actuator 80C.
- the actuator 80 ⁇ /b>C When the actuator 80 ⁇ /b>C is closed, the brake fluid cannot move between the wheel cylinder 33 and the fluid chamber 74 and the atmospheric pressure reservoir 35 .
- the actuator 80 ⁇ /b>C When the actuator 80 ⁇ /b>C is open, the brake fluid can move between the wheel cylinder 33 and the fluid chamber 74 and the atmospheric pressure reservoir 35 .
- the electric braking device 40D includes an electric motor 50, a transmission device 60, an electric cylinder mechanism 70, and an actuator 80D.
- the electrical configuration of the electric braking device 40D is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the electric cylinder mechanism 70 includes a first fluid chamber 74 defined by an electric cylinder 71 and a piston 72, a second fluid chamber 75 defined by a linear motion member 67, an electric cylinder 71 and a stopper 73, and a first fluid chamber 75. and a liquid passage 76 connecting the chamber 74 and the second liquid chamber 75 .
- the stopper 73 also functions as a seal that closes the gap between the electric cylinder 71 and the screw shaft 662 of the rotating member 66 .
- the internal pressure of the second fluid chamber 75 is lower than the internal pressure of the first fluid chamber 74 when braking force is applied to the wheels 20 by the operation of the electric cylinder mechanism 70 .
- the actuator 80D is provided in the liquid path 76.
- Actuator 80D is a normally closed solenoid valve.
- Actuator 80D has a coil 82D that generates a magnetic field for driving actuator 80D.
- the actuator 80D is closed, the brake fluid cannot move between the first fluid chamber 74 and the second fluid chamber 75.
- the actuator 80D is open, brake fluid can move between the first fluid chamber 74 and the second fluid chamber 75 .
- the electric braking device 40D can suppress the movement of the piston 72 in the second direction D2. In other words, the electric braking device 40D can suppress deterioration in the durability of the component parts of the device.
- the electric braking devices 40, 40A to 40D may be dry-type devices that displace the friction member 32 with respect to the brake rotor 31 without using brake fluid.
- the electric braking devices 40 , 40 A to 40 D may be configured so that the friction member 32 is pressed against the brake rotor 31 by directly pressing the friction member 32 with the piston 72 .
- the electric braking device 40 does not have to include the ratchet gear 531 .
- the actuator 80 may reduce the rotation speed of the output shaft 53 by bringing the plunger 81 into contact with the output shaft 53 of the electric motor 50 .
- the tip of the plunger 81 and the outer peripheral surface of the output shaft 53 may be processed to increase the friction between the plunger 81 and the output shaft 53, or the outer peripheral surface of the output shaft 53 may be provided with an uneven shape.
- the reduction mechanism 61 may transmit the output of the electric motor 50 to the linear motion conversion mechanism 65 without reducing the rotational speed of the output shaft 53 of the electric motor 50 .
- the electric cylinder 71 may include an elastic body such as a coil spring that biases the piston 72 in the second direction D2.
- the actuator 80 need not be a solenoid actuator as long as it is an actuator driven by electric power generated by the electric motor 50 .
- actuator 80 may comprise an electric motor.
- the actuator 80 may be a rotary actuator instead of a linear actuator.
- the electric motor 50 may be a brushed motor or an AC motor. In these cases, it is preferable to appropriately change the configuration of the drive circuit.
- the circuit configuration of the second drive circuit 120 can be changed as appropriate.
- the second drive circuit 120 may be configured to supply the electric power generated by the electric motor 50 to the actuator 80 when the electric motor 50 generates electric power.
- the second drive circuit 120 does not need to include the capacitor 126 as long as a current can flow through the switching circuit 124 when the electric motor 50 generates power.
- the identification signal may be a signal that is always on when the controller 130 is supplied with power. According to this, when the DC power supply 90 cannot supply power normally, in other words, when it becomes impossible to transmit the identification signal to the switching circuit 124 because the power is not supplied to the control device 130, the signal is automatically turned off. Therefore, the switching circuit 124 can select the on/off state of the switching element 123 according to whether or not the identification signal is transmitted from the control device 130 .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)
- Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
上記課題を解決する電動制動装置は、電気モータが制動力増加方向に回転することで発生した回転運動を伝達機構により直動変換機構に伝達し、前記直動変換機構により前記回転運動をシリンダ内に設けられたピストンを駆動する直線運動に変換し、車両の車輪とともに回転する被摩擦部に、摩擦部を押し付けることで、前記車両に制動力を発生させる電動制動装置であって、前記ピストンが外力により前記制動力が減少する方向である減少方向に移動することで前記電気モータが前記制動力増加方向と逆方向である制動力減少方向に回転する場合に、前記電気モータが前記制動力減少方向に回転することにより当該電気モータで発電される電力を使用して前記ピストンの前記減少方向への移動を抑制するよう駆動するアクチュエータを備える。
以下、第1実施形態に係る電動制動装置を備える車両について説明する。
<車両>
図1に示すように、車両10は、車輪20と、制動機構30と、電動制動装置40と、を備える。図1は、車両10の構成要素の一部を図示している。
制動機構30は、車輪20とともに回転するブレーキロータ31と、車輪20と一体回転しない摩擦部材32と、液圧に応じて摩擦部材32をブレーキロータ31に向けて変位させるホイールシリンダ33と、を有する。ホイールシリンダ33は液路34を介して電動制動装置40に接続されている。制動機構30は、ホイールシリンダ33の液圧が高いほど、摩擦部材32をブレーキロータ31に強く押し付けて大きい制動力を車輪20に付与する。ブレーキロータ31は「被摩擦部」の一例に相当し、摩擦部材32は「摩擦部」の一例に相当する。
電動制動装置40は、電気モータ50と、伝達装置60と、電動シリンダ機構70と、アクチュエータ80と、を備える。
図2に示すように、電動制動装置40は、直流電源90と、正極線91及び負極線92と、第1駆動回路110と、第2駆動回路120と、制御装置130と、スイッチング素子140と、を備える。
第1駆動回路110は、電気モータ50を駆動するインバータ回路である。第1駆動回路110は、複数のスイッチング素子111u,112u,111v,112v,111w,112wを有する。
制動制御装置から要求制動力に応じた制御信号が電動制動装置40に入力されると、第1駆動回路110が駆動する。そして、要求制動力が増大される場合には、電気モータ50の出力軸53が第1回転方向R1に回転される。すると、ピストン72が第1方向D1に移動することにより、電動シリンダ71の液室74からホイールシリンダ33にブレーキ液が流出する。その結果、ホイールシリンダ33の液圧が増大し、車輪20に付与される制動力が増大する。
(1)第2駆動回路120は、コンデンサ126を有する。直流電源90から第2駆動回路120に電力が供給されている段階で、コンデンサ126は最大限に充電されている。このため、直流電源90から第2駆動回路120に電力が供給されなくなり、第1接続線121に電流が流れなくなると、コンデンサ126は速やかに切替回路124に放電を開始する。言い換えれば、コンデンサ126は、電気モータ50への電力供給が異常である場合に切替回路124に電力を供給する。こうして、電動制動装置40は、直流電源90から第1駆動回路110及び第2駆動回路120に電力が供給されなくなる場合には、速やかにスイッチング素子123をオンとすることができる。したがって、電動制動装置40は、アクチュエータ80の作動を速やかに開始できる。
以下、第2実施形態に係る電動制動装置40Aについて説明する。第2実施形態の説明では、第1実施形態と共通する構成要素について、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
図3に示すように、電動制動装置40Aは、電気モータ50と、伝達装置60と、電動シリンダ機構70と、複数のアクチュエータ80A1~80A3と、を備える。電動制動装置40Aの電気的構成は、第2駆動回路120の第2接続線122に3つのコイル82を直列に配置する点以外においては第1実施形態と略同様である。
直流電源90から第1駆動回路110及び第2駆動回路120に電力が供給されなくなると、電気モータ50が発電した電力が第2駆動回路120に供給されることにより、複数のアクチュエータ80A1~80A3が駆動する。
以下、第3実施形態に係る電動制動装置40Bについて説明する。第3実施形態の説明では、第1実施形態と共通する構成要素について、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
図4に示すように、電動制動装置40Bは、電気モータ50と、伝達装置60と、電動シリンダ機構70と、アクチュエータ80Bと、を備える。電動制動装置40Bの電気的構成は、第1実施形態と略同様である。
直流電源90から第1駆動回路110及び第2駆動回路120に電力が供給されなくなると、電気モータ50が発電した電力が第2駆動回路120に供給されることにより、アクチュエータ80Bが駆動される。詳しくは、アクチュエータ80Bが閉弁するため、ホイールシリンダ33から電動シリンダ71の液室74にブレーキ液が流入しなくなる。言い換えれば、アクチュエータ80Bは、ホイールシリンダ33から電動シリンダ71のピストン72に対するブレーキ液の流れを弱める。こうして、電動制動装置40Bは、ピストン72の第2方向D2への移動を抑制できる。つまり、電動制動装置40Bは、装置の構成部品の耐久性が低下することを抑制できる。
以下、第4実施形態に係る電動制動装置40Cについて説明する。第4実施形態の説明では、第1実施形態と共通する構成要素について、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
図5に示すように、車両10は、ブレーキ液を貯留する大気圧リザーバ35と、液路34と大気圧リザーバ35とを接続する液路36と、を備える。大気圧リザーバ35の内圧は大気圧と同等である。電動制動装置40Cは、電気モータ50と、伝達装置60と、電動シリンダ機構70と、アクチュエータ80Cと、を備える。なお、電動制動装置40Cの電気的構成は、第1実施形態と略同様である。
直流電源90から第1駆動回路110及び第2駆動回路120に電力が供給されなくなると、電気モータ50が発電した電力が第2駆動回路120に供給されることにより、アクチュエータ80Cが駆動される。詳しくは、アクチュエータ80Cが開弁されるため、ホイールシリンダ33から電動シリンダ71の液室74に向かって流れるブレーキ液の一部が大気圧リザーバ35に流出する。言い換えれば、アクチュエータ80Cは、ホイールシリンダ33から電動シリンダ71のピストン72に対するブレーキ液の流れを弱める。こうして、電動制動装置40Cは、ピストン72の第2方向D2への移動を抑制できる。つまり、電動制動装置40Cは、装置の構成部品の耐久性が低下することを抑制できる。
以下、第5実施形態に係る電動制動装置40Dについて説明する。第5実施形態の説明では、第1実施形態と共通する構成要素について、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
図6に示すように、電動制動装置40Dは、電気モータ50と、伝達装置60と、電動シリンダ機構70と、アクチュエータ80Dと、を備える。電動制動装置40Dの電気的構成は、第1実施形態と略同様である。
直流電源90から第1駆動回路110及び第2駆動回路120に電力が供給されなくなると、電気モータ50が発電した電力が第2駆動回路120に供給されることにより、アクチュエータ80Dが駆動される。詳しくは、アクチュエータ80Dが開弁されるため、ホイールシリンダ33から第1液室74に流入するブレーキ液の一部が第2液室75に流出される。こうして、電動制動装置40Dは、ピストン72の第2方向D2への移動を抑制できる。つまり、電動制動装置40Dは、装置の構成部品の耐久性が低下することを抑制できる。
上記複数の実施形態は、以下のように変更して実施することができる。上記複数の実施形態及び以下の変更例は、技術的に矛盾しない範囲で互いに組み合わせて実施することができる。
・電動シリンダ71は、ピストン72を第2方向D2に付勢するコイルばねなどの弾性体を備えてもよい。
・電気モータ50は、ブラシ付きモータであってもよいし、交流モータであってもよい。これらの場合には、適宜に駆動回路の構成を変更することが好ましい。
・制御装置130に対する電力の供給源が直流電源90である場合には、識別信号は、制御装置130に電力が供給されている場合に常時オンとなる信号であればよい。これによれば、直流電源90が電力を正常に供給できなくなる場合、言い換えれば、制御装置130に電力が供給されなくなることで切替回路124に識別信号を送信できなくなる場合、上記信号は自動的にオフとなる。よって、切替回路124は、制御装置130から識別信号が送信されているか否かに応じて、スイッチング素子123のオン/オフ状態を選択できる。
Claims (6)
- 電気モータが制動力増加方向に回転することで発生した回転運動を伝達機構により直動変換機構に伝達し、前記直動変換機構により前記回転運動をシリンダ内に設けられたピストンを駆動する直線運動に変換し、車両の車輪とともに回転する被摩擦部に、摩擦部を押し付けることで、前記車両に制動力を発生させる電動制動装置であって、
前記ピストンが外力により前記制動力が減少する方向である減少方向に移動することで前記電気モータが前記制動力増加方向と逆方向である制動力減少方向に回転する場合に、前記電気モータが前記制動力減少方向に回転することにより当該電気モータで発電される電力を使用して前記ピストンの前記減少方向への移動を抑制するよう駆動するアクチュエータを備える
電動制動装置。 - 前記アクチュエータは、前記電気モータ、前記伝達機構、前記直動変換機構、及び、前記ピストンのうち少なくとも1つの作動を妨げることで、前記ピストンの前記減少方向への移動を抑制する
請求項1に記載の電動制動装置。 - 前記伝達機構は、前記電気モータの回転を減速して前記直動変換機構に伝達する減速部を含み、
前記アクチュエータは、前記電気モータの出力トルクの伝達経路において前記伝達機構の前記減速部よりも前記電気モータ側の作動を妨げることで、前記ピストンの前記減少方向への移動を抑制する
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の電動制動装置。 - 前記電動制動装置は、ホイールシリンダにブレーキ液を供給することにより、前記摩擦部を前記被摩擦部に押し付けるものであり、
前記アクチュエータは、前記ホイールシリンダから前記シリンダ内の前記ピストンに対するブレーキ液の流れを弱めることで、前記ピストンの前記減少方向への移動を抑制する
請求項1に記載の電動制動装置。 - 前記電気モータへの電力供給が正常である場合は前記アクチュエータの作動を禁止し、前記電気モータへの電力供給が異常である場合は前記アクチュエータの作動を許可する切替部を有する
請求項1~請求項4の何れか一項に記載の電動制動装置。 - 前記電気モータへの電力供給が異常である場合に前記切替部に電力を供給する電力供給部を有する
請求項5に記載の電動制動装置。
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JPH0522241U (ja) * | 1991-09-06 | 1993-03-23 | 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 | 車両用ブレーキ制御装置の安全機構およびブレーキアクチユエータ |
JP2016210267A (ja) * | 2015-05-07 | 2016-12-15 | Ntn株式会社 | 電動ブレーキシステム |
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JPH0522241U (ja) * | 1991-09-06 | 1993-03-23 | 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 | 車両用ブレーキ制御装置の安全機構およびブレーキアクチユエータ |
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