WO2023051113A1 - 分波器、合波器和光通信装置 - Google Patents

分波器、合波器和光通信装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023051113A1
WO2023051113A1 PCT/CN2022/114575 CN2022114575W WO2023051113A1 WO 2023051113 A1 WO2023051113 A1 WO 2023051113A1 CN 2022114575 W CN2022114575 W CN 2022114575W WO 2023051113 A1 WO2023051113 A1 WO 2023051113A1
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Prior art keywords
filter device
sub
light beam
light
wave
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PCT/CN2022/114575
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
欧阳奎
操时宜
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2023051113A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023051113A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/28—Interference filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of optical communication, in particular to a demultiplexer, a multiplexer and an optical communication device.
  • the transmission capacity of the optical communication system is continuously improved, and the width of the optical band used in the optical communication system is also increasing day by day.
  • it is often necessary to perform demultiplexing processing on a beam through a demultiplexer or multiplex processing on a beam through a multiplexer.
  • both the wave splitter and the wave combiner can be realized by using filter devices. Based on the optical characteristics of the filter device, if light in the transition wavelength range of the filter device is input to the filter device, the light in this part of the transition wavelength range will be lost and cannot pass through the filter device. In the following, the sub-wave and the multiplex will be described separately.
  • the input beam is divided into a first beam and a second beam.
  • the input light beam includes light within the transition wavelength range of the filter device, the first light beam and the second light beam correspond to light of different wave bands respectively, and the wave band corresponding to the first light beam and the wave band corresponding to the second light beam are located at two ends of the transition wavelength range. side. That is, the light beam output by the filter device does not include the light in the transition wavelength range of the filter device.
  • the received first light beam and the second light beam are combined into an output light beam.
  • the first light beam includes light in one wavelength band and light in the transition wavelength range of the filter device
  • the second light beam includes light in another wave band
  • the wave band corresponding to the first light beam and the wave band corresponding to the second light beam are located in the transition wavelength range
  • the obtained output light beam only includes the light of the first wavelength band and the light of the second wavelength band, but does not include the light in the transition wavelength range of the filter device.
  • the application provides a wave splitter, a wave combiner and an optical communication device, which can improve the utilization rate of light.
  • the present application provides a wave splitter.
  • the wave splitter includes a first filter device and a second filter device.
  • the first filter device is used to divide the input light beam into a first light beam and a second light beam, the first light beam is the light of the first waveband, and the second light beam includes the light of the second waveband and the light of the third waveband, so The first wave band is located between the second wave band and the third wave band.
  • the second filtering device is used to divide the second light beam into a first sub-beam and a second sub-beam, the first sub-beam is the light of the second wavelength band, and the second sub-beam is the Light of the third band.
  • the width of the first transition wavelength range of the first filter device is smaller than the width of the second transition wavelength range of the second filter device, and the first wavelength band at least partially overlaps with the second transition wavelength range.
  • the input light beam first passes through the first filter device, and the first filter device separates the light of the first wave band from the input light beam as the first light beam, and then the second filter device demultiplexes the light of other wave bands in the input light beam, that is performing wave splitting processing on the second light beam. Since the width of the first transition wavelength range of the first filter device is smaller than the width of the second transition wavelength range of the second filter device, and the first waveband at least partially overlaps with the second transition wavelength range, so compared to the second filter As far as the device directly processes the input light beam and loses the light corresponding to the wavelength of the entire second transition wavelength range, at least part of the second transition wavelength range can still be used, thereby reducing the wavelength range corresponding to the lost light. The width improves the utilization rate of the optical band corresponding to the input beam.
  • the input light beam is light in a wavelength band
  • the wavelength band is usually a sub-range of the wavelength band 1260nm-1625nm.
  • the wavelength band 1260nm-1625nm is the low-loss wavelength region in the optical communication system.
  • the first filter device is a band-pass filter device
  • the band-pass filter device is used to transmit light in the first wavelength band, obtain the first light beam, and reflect the second wave band light and the light of the third wavelength band to obtain the second light beam.
  • the second filter device is an edge-type filter device, and the edge-type filter device is used to reflect light in the second wavelength band, obtain the first sub-beam, and transmit light in the third waveband light to obtain the second sub-beam.
  • the wave splitter further includes: a wave combining component, the wave combining component is used to combine the first light beam and the first sub-beam into a first mixed light beam. Combining the first light beam and the first sub-beam into a first mixed light beam and outputting it through the wave combining component can divide the waveband corresponding to the input light beam into two wavebands.
  • the first filter device is multiplexed as part of the wave multiplexing component, which can reduce the number of optical devices included in the wave splitter, which is beneficial to reduce volume and cost. Moreover, the structure of the optical path is simple, and it is easy to modulate and assemble.
  • the multiplexing component includes a reflective device.
  • the reflecting device is used to reflect the first sub-beam to the first filtering device.
  • the first filtering device is also used to reflect the first sub-beam from the reflecting device, so as to combine the first sub-beam and the first light beam into the first mixed light beam.
  • the multiplexing component includes a reflection device.
  • the reflective device is used to reflect the first light beam to the first filter device;
  • the first filter device is also used to transmit the first light beam from the reflective device and reflect the first light beam from the second filter device.
  • the first sub-beam of the device to combine the first sub-beam and the first beam into the first mixed beam.
  • the absolute value of the difference between any two included angles among the first included angle, the second included angle and the third included angle is not greater than 3°.
  • the absolute value of the difference between any two included angles among the first included angle, the second included angle and the third included angle is no greater than 0.5°.
  • the first angle is the angle between the first propagation path and the second propagation path
  • the first propagation path is the path where the input light beam is incident on the first filter device
  • the second propagation path is the path of the second light beam from the first filter device to the second filter device
  • the second included angle is the included angle between the second propagation path and the third propagation path
  • the first The three propagation paths are the paths of the first sub-beam from the second filter device to the first filter device
  • the third angle is the angle between the third propagation path and the fourth propagation path
  • the fourth propagation path is a path after the second sub-beam is reflected by the first filter device.
  • the second sub-beam is reflected and folded by the reflective device, so that the optical paths of the first beam and the first sub-beam are very close or even the same, so the coupling loss and phase difference caused by the difference in optical path can be avoided, which is beneficial to further reduce the split Waveform loss.
  • the multiplexing component employs additional filtering devices to achieve multiplexing.
  • additional filter device is used to realize multiplexing, the position and structure of the device are more flexible, which is beneficial to reduce the difficulty of debugging.
  • the multiplexing component includes a reflection device and a third filter device.
  • the reflective device is used to reflect the first sub-beam from the second filter device to the third filter device.
  • the third filter device is used to transmit the first light beam from the first filter device, and reflect the first sub-beam from the reflection device, so that the first light beam and the first The sub-beams are combined into the first mixed beam.
  • the multiplexing component includes a reflective device and a fourth filter device, and the reflective device is configured to reflect the first light beam from the first filter device to the fourth filter device.
  • the fourth filtering device is used to transmit the first light beam from the reflecting device, and reflect the first sub-beam from the second filtering device, so that the first light beam and the first The sub-beams are combined into the first mixed beam.
  • the propagation path of the first light beam from the first filter device to the reflection device, the propagation path of the first light beam from the reflection device to the fourth filter device, the The propagation path of the first sub-beam from the first filter device to the second filter device and the propagation path of the first sub-beam from the second filter device to the fourth filter device are arranged in a parallelogram .
  • the optical paths of the first light beam and the first sub-beam are basically the same, which can avoid coupling loss and phase difference caused by the difference in optical path, which is beneficial to further reduce the loss of the wave splitter.
  • the wave splitter further includes at least one intermediate filter device, and the at least one intermediate filter device is used for at least one of the following: the first filter from the first filter two light beams are directed to the second filter, the first sub-beam from the second filter device is directed to the fourth filter device, and the second sub-beam from the second filter device is output .
  • the wave splitter further includes: a fifth filter device and a sixth filter device.
  • the fifth filtering device is used to divide the first mixed light beam into a third light beam and a fourth light beam, the third light beam is the light of the first sub-wavelength band, and the fourth light beam includes the light of the second sub-wavelength band and light in a third sub-band, the first sub-band is located between the second sub-band and the third sub-band.
  • the sixth filter device is used to divide the fourth light beam into a third sub-beam and a fourth sub-beam, the third sub-beam is the light of the second sub-wavelength band, and the fourth sub-beam is the The light of the third sub-band.
  • the width of the third transition wavelength range of the fifth filter device is smaller than the width of the fourth transition wavelength range of the sixth filter device, and the first sub-band at least partially overlaps with the fourth transition wavelength range.
  • the wavelength band corresponding to the first mixed light beam can be subdivided into multiple wavelength bands through the fifth filtering device and the sixth filtering device, so as to realize the separation of more wavelength bands.
  • the wave combining component is used to combine the first light beam and the first sub-beam into a first mixed light beam.
  • the first beam and the second sub-beam are combined into a first mixed beam by the wave combining component and then output, and the waveband corresponding to the input beam can also be divided into two wavebands to meet different waveband division requirements.
  • the multiplexer component includes a first reflection device, a second reflection device and an eighth filter device.
  • the first reflecting device is used to reflect the first light beam from the first filtering device to the eighth filtering device.
  • the second reflecting device is used to reflect the second sub-beam from the second filtering device to the eighth filtering device.
  • the eighth filter device is used to transmit the first light beam from the first reflective device, and reflect the second sub-beam from the second reflective device, so that the first light beam and the The second sub-beams are combined into the first mixed beam.
  • the present application provides a wave combiner.
  • the multiplexer includes a first filter device and a second filter device.
  • the second filtering device is used to combine the first sub-beam and the second sub-beam into a second light beam, the first sub-beam is the light of the second wavelength band, and the second sub-beam is the light of the third wave band.
  • the first filter device is used to combine the first light beam and the second light beam into an output light beam, the first light beam is light in a first wavelength band, and the first wave band is between the second wave band and the between the third band.
  • the width of the first transition wavelength range of the first filter device is smaller than the width of the second transition wavelength range of the second filter device, and the first wavelength band at least partially overlaps with the second transition wavelength range.
  • the first filter device is a band-pass filter device
  • the band-pass filter device is used to transmit the first light beam and reflect the second light beam, so as to combine the first light beam and The second light beam is combined into the output light beam.
  • the second filter device is an edge-type filter device, and the edge-type filter device is used to transmit the second sub-beam and reflect the first sub-beam, so that the first sub-beam combined with the second sub-beam to form the second beam.
  • the wave combiner further includes: a wave splitting component, the wave splitting component is used to receive the first mixed light beam, and divide the first mixed light beam into the first light beam and the first sub-beam beam.
  • the wave splitting component includes a reflective device.
  • the first filtering device is further used for dividing the first mixed light beam into the first light beam and the first sub-beam, and reflecting the first sub-beam to the reflecting device.
  • the reflecting device is used to reflect the first sub-beam to the second filtering device.
  • the absolute value of the difference between any two included angles among the first included angle, the second included angle and the third included angle is not greater than 3°.
  • the first included angle, the second included angle and the third included angle The absolute value of the difference between any two included angles is not greater than 0.5°.
  • the first angle is the angle between the first propagation path and the second propagation path
  • the first propagation path is the path where the output beam emerges from the first filter device
  • the second propagation path is the path of the second light beam from the first filter device to the first filter device
  • the second included angle is the included angle between the second propagation path and the third propagation path
  • the first The three propagation paths are the paths of the first sub-beam from the first filter device to the first filter device
  • the third angle is the angle between the third propagation path and the fourth propagation path
  • the fourth propagation path is a path where the first mixed light beam is incident on the first filter device.
  • the wavelength splitting component includes a reflection device and a third filter device.
  • the third filter device is used to split the first mixed beam into the first beam and the first sub-beam, guide the first beam to the first filter device, and direct the first The sub-beams are directed towards the reflective means.
  • the reflecting device is used to reflect the first sub-beam from the third filtering device to the second filtering device.
  • the wavelength splitting component includes a reflection device and a fourth filter device.
  • the fourth filtering device is used to split the first mixed light beam into the first light beam and the first sub-beam, direct the first light beam to the reflecting device, and divide the first sub-beam leads to the second filter device.
  • the reflecting device is used to reflect the first light beam from the fourth filtering device to the first filtering device.
  • the propagation path of the first light beam from the fourth filter device to the reflection device is arranged in a parallelogram.
  • the multiplexer further includes at least one intermediate filter device, and the at least one intermediate filter device is used to realize at least one of the following: guiding the first sub-beam from the fourth filter device to the A second filter device directs the first sub-beam from the second filter device to the first filter device, and directs the second sub-beam to the second filter device.
  • the multiplexer further includes a fifth filtering device and a sixth filtering device.
  • the sixth filter device is used to combine the third sub-beam and the fourth sub-beam into a fourth light beam, the third sub-beam is the light of the second sub-wavelength band, and the fourth sub-beam is the light of the third sub-wavelength band Light.
  • the fifth filtering device is used to combine the third light beam and the fourth light beam into the first mixed light beam, and the third light beam is light in the first sub-wavelength band.
  • the width of the third transition wavelength range of the fifth filter device is smaller than the width of the fourth transition wavelength range of the sixth filter device, and the first sub-band at least partially overlaps with the fourth transition wavelength range.
  • the aforementioned wave splitting component is configured to receive the first mixed light beam, and split the first mixed light beam into the first light beam and the second sub-beam.
  • the first waveband is a part of the second transitional wavelength range, and the sum of the width of the first waveband and the width of the first transitional wavelength range equal to the width of the second transition wavelength range.
  • the first wavelength band completely overlaps with the second transitional wavelength range.
  • the first wavelength band includes the second transitional wavelength range. In these three examples, the light in the second transitional wavelength range can be fully utilized, and the light utilization rate can be further improved.
  • the band-pass filter device is a band-pass filter diaphragm or a wavelength division multiplexing device prepared based on the band-pass diaphragm.
  • the edge-type filter device is an edge-type filter diaphragm or a wavelength division multiplexing device prepared based on the edge-type diaphragm.
  • the filter device in the form of a filter diaphragm can realize light transmission in the form of a spatial optical path; the filter device in the form of a wavelength division multiplexing device can realize light transmission in the form of an optical fiber connection.
  • the reflective device is a reflective prism. In some other examples of the aforementioned wave combiner or wave splitter, the reflective device is a reflective mirror or a combination of at least two reflective mirrors.
  • the present application provides an optical communication device.
  • the communication device includes a wave splitting unit and a wave combining unit, the wave splitting unit includes at least one of the foregoing wave splitters, and the wave combining unit includes at least one of the foregoing wave combiners, and the wave combining unit is used for performing multiplexing on the multiple light beams output by the demultiplexing unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wave splitter provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is the filter spectral line schematic diagram of band-pass type filter device and edge type filter device;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the demultiplexing and multiplexing process of the filter device provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a multiplexer provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave combiner provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave combiner provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave combiner provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave combiner provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave combiner provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave combiner provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave combiner provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave combiner provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of another multiplexer provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another multiplexer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 26 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the wavelength band 1260nm-1625nm belongs to the low-loss wavelength region. Light with wavelengths in this wavelength region is suitable for transmission in optical fibers.
  • This wavelength region is divided into five bands, namely conventional (conventional, C) band, long-wavelength (long-wavelength, L) band, short-wavelength (short-wavelength, S) band, original (orignal, O) band and Extended (extended, E) band.
  • the C-band exhibits the lowest loss, usually in the range of 1530nm to 1565nm.
  • the L band is the second lowest loss band, usually 1565nm ⁇ 1625nm.
  • S band is usually 1460nm ⁇ 1530nm.
  • O band is usually 1260nm ⁇ 1360nm.
  • E-band is usually 1360nm ⁇ 1460nm.
  • the multiplexing and demultiplexing of light beams belonging to the wavelength range of 1260 nm to 1625 nm will be taken as an example for description.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wave splitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the wave splitter includes: a first filter device 10 and a second filter device 20 .
  • the first filter device 10 is used to divide the input light beam L0 into a first light beam L1 and a second light beam L2, the first light beam L1 is the light of the first waveband, and the second light beam L2 includes the light of the second waveband and the light of the third waveband , the first band is located between the second and third bands.
  • the second filter device 20 is used to split the second light beam L2 into a first sub-beam L21 and a second sub-beam L22, the first sub-beam L21 is light in the second wavelength band, and the second sub-beam L22 is light in the third wave band.
  • the width of the first transition wavelength range of the first filter device 10 is smaller than the width of the second transition wavelength range of the second filter device 20 , and the first wavelength band at least partially overlaps with the second transition wavelength range.
  • the input light beam first passes through the first filter device, and the first filter device separates the light of the first wave band from the input light beam as the first light beam, and then the second filter device filters other wave bands in the input light beam. Demultiplexing the light, that is, performing demultiplexing processing on the second light beam.
  • the first filter device 10 is a band-pass filter device, such as a band-pass filter diaphragm.
  • the second filter device is an edge filter device, such as an edge filter diaphragm.
  • Part (a) of Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the filter spectrum of the band-pass filter device.
  • Part (b) of Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the filter spectrum of the edge filter device.
  • the abscissa represents the wavelength, and the wavelength gradually increases from left to right; the ordinate represents the transmittance, and the transmittance gradually increases from bottom to top.
  • the band-pass filter device allows the transmission of light with wavelengths in the transmission wavelength range X1, and reflects light with wavelengths outside the transmission wavelength range, that is Light of wavelengths within the wavelength range X2 and X3 is reflected.
  • the shape of the transmission spectrum of a bandpass filter device resembles a rectangular wave.
  • the edge filter device divides the entire band into two parts, the wavelength corresponding to the transmission band Y1 is larger, and the wavelength corresponding to the reflection band Y2 is smaller , the shape of the transmission spectrum resembles a step.
  • the transitional wavelength range Y3 is between the transmission band Y1 and the reflection band Y2.
  • the transmission wavelength range X1 of the bandpass filter device can be set narrow, and the falling edge of the filter can also be designed to be very steep, that is, the transition wavelength range can be made very small, so it is not shown in the figure.
  • both the transmission band Y1 and the reflection band Y2 of the edge filter device are relatively wide, so the falling edge thereof is relatively gentle, that is, the width of the transition wavelength range Y3 is relatively large.
  • the width of the transition wavelength range Y3 is about 3 nm.
  • the band-pass filter device is used to transmit the first light beam and reflect the second light beam. That is, the wavelength range corresponding to the first light beam is the transmission wavelength range X1 of the bandpass filter device, and the wavelength range corresponding to the second light beam includes wavelength ranges X2 and X3 located on both sides of the transmission wavelength range X1.
  • the edge filter device is used to transmit the second sub-beam and reflect the first sub-beam. That is, the wavelength range corresponding to the second sub-beam is in the transmission band Y1 of the edge filter device, and the wavelength range corresponding to the first sub-beam is in the reflection band Y2 of the edge filter device.
  • Part (a) of FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the demultiplexing process of the filter device.
  • the incident light includes both light with wavelengths within the transmission wavelength range and light with wavelengths outside the transmission wavelength range
  • light with wavelengths within the transmission wavelength range is transmitted from the filter device, and the transmission wavelength Light with wavelengths outside the range is reflected by the filter, thereby splitting the incident light into transmitted light and reflected light.
  • the transmitted light travels in the same direction as the incident light.
  • Part (b) of FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the multiplexing process of the filter device.
  • the incident light 1 is light with a wavelength within the transmission wavelength range of the filter device
  • the incident light 2 is light with a wavelength within the reflection wavelength range of the filter device.
  • the filter device transmits the incident light 1 and reflects the incident light 2, by controlling the incident position and angle of the incident light 1 and the incident light 2, the incident light 1 and the incident light 2 are combined into one outgoing light after passing through the filter device , the outgoing light travels in the same direction as the incident light 1.
  • part (a) of FIG. 2 exemplifies the first filter device by using a band-pass filter device.
  • the first filter device may also be any other filter device capable of splitting the input beam into the first beam and the second beam.
  • the first filter device is a band-stop type filter device, and the band-stop type filter device is used to reflect the light in the first waveband, obtain the first light beam, and transmit the light in the second waveband and the light in the first waveband. Three bands of light are obtained from the second light beam.
  • the second filter device is exemplified with the high-pass filter device as the edge type filter device.
  • the second filter device is a low-pass filter device, and the upper wavelength limit of the transmission wavelength range of the low-pass filter device is smaller than the lower wavelength limit of the reflection wavelength range of the low-pass filter device.
  • the first wavelength band is a part of the second transitional wavelength range, and the sum of the width of the first wavelength band and the width of the first transitional wavelength range is equal to the width of the second transitional wavelength range.
  • the upper limit wavelength of the second band is the lower limit wavelength of the second transitional wavelength range
  • the lower limit wavelength of the third band is the upper limit wavelength of the second transitional wavelength range.
  • the first wavelength band includes the second transition wavelength range, that is, the second transition wavelength range is a part of the first wavelength band. In this way, what is lost in the wave splitter is the light in the first transition wavelength range, and since the width of the first transition wavelength range is smaller than the width of the second transition wavelength range, the loss of the wave splitter can be reduced.
  • the width of the first wavelength may be set according to actual needs.
  • a portion of the first wavelength band coincides with a portion of the second transition wavelength range.
  • the width of the first transition wavelength range is no greater than 1 nm, such as 0.8 nm.
  • the width of the second transition wavelength range is about 3 nm.
  • the input light beam includes light in at least one of the following bands: S-band, C-band, L-band, O-band, and E-band.
  • the input light beam includes C-band light, L-band light or S-band light.
  • the input light beam includes light in two wavelength bands, C-band and L-band.
  • the input light beam includes light in three wavebands of C-band, L-band and S-band.
  • the input light beam is a part of one of the above five bands, for example, a part of the C band: 1530nm ⁇ 1560nm and so on.
  • the input light beam is a portion of two adjacent wavebands among the above five wavebands.
  • it includes a larger wavelength region of the C-band, a smaller wavelength region of the L-band, and the like.
  • the wave splitter in FIG. 1 further includes one first port and three second ports.
  • the first port is used to receive the input light beam.
  • the three second ports are respectively used to output the first beam, the first sub-beam and the second sub-beam.
  • the first beam, the first sub-beam and the second sub-beam are directly output from the corresponding second ports.
  • the first light beam and the first sub-beam are firstly combined to obtain a first mixed light beam, and then the first mixed light beam and the second sub-beam are respectively output from a second port.
  • the first beam and the first sub-beam are firstly combined to obtain the first mixed beam, and then the first mixed beam is split, and then the split beam and the second sub-beam are respectively obtained from a first mixed beam.
  • the number of second ports is equal to the number of beams obtained after splitting the first mixed beam plus one.
  • the input light beam is light with a waveband of 1524nm-1627nm
  • the second waveband is 1524nm-1572nm
  • the first waveband is 1572nm-1575nm
  • the third waveband is 1575nm-1627nm
  • the second The transition wavelength range is 1572nm-1575nm as an example to illustrate the structure and working principle of the wave splitter.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the demultiplexer includes a first filter device 10, a second filter device 20 and a multiplexer component.
  • the first filter device 10 is used to divide the input light beam L0 into a first light beam L1 and a second light beam L2, the first light beam L1 is the light of the first waveband, and the second light beam L2 includes the light of the second waveband and the light of the third waveband , the first band is located between the second and third bands.
  • the second filter device 20 is used to divide the second light beam L2 into a first sub-beam L21 and a first sub-beam L22, the first sub-beam L21 is the light of the second wavelength band, and the first sub-beam L22 is the light of the third wave band.
  • the wave combining component is used to combine the first light beam L1 and the first sub-beam L21 into a first mixed light beam L1'.
  • the width of the first transition wavelength range of the first filter device 10 is smaller than the width of the second transition wavelength range of the second filter device 20 , and the first wavelength band at least partially overlaps with the second transition wavelength range.
  • the multiplexer component includes a reflection device 31 .
  • the reflective device 31 is used to reflect the first sub-beam L21 to the first filter device 10 .
  • the first filter device 10 is also used to reflect the first sub-beam L21 from the reflective device 31, so as to combine the first sub-beam L21 and the first beam L1 into a first mixed beam L1'.
  • the reflective device 31 is a reflective prism.
  • the reflective prism is configured such that the absolute value of the difference between the first included angle and the second included angle is not greater than 3°, for example not greater than 0.5°.
  • the first included angle is the included angle between the incident path of the input light beam L0 incident on the first filter device 10 and the propagation path of the second light beam L2 from the first filter device 10 to the second filter device 20
  • the second included angle is the angle between the propagation path of the first sub-beam L21 from the reflecting device 31 to the first filter device 10 and the propagation path of the first sub-beam L21 after being reflected by the first filter device 10 .
  • This angle relationship can make the propagation path of the first sub-beam L21 reflected by the first filter device 10 substantially coincide with the propagation path of the first beam L1 transmitted by the first filter device 10, so that the first sub-beam L21 and the first The light beam L1 is combined into a first mixed light beam L1'.
  • the reflective prism is a triangular reflective prism
  • the two connected surfaces of the triangular reflective prism are reflective surfaces (or total reflection surfaces), and one of the two reflective surfaces (or total reflection surfaces) connected
  • the surface acts as both the entrance and exit surfaces.
  • the demultiplexer also includes a first port 81 and two second ports 82 .
  • the first port 81 is used to receive the input light beam L0.
  • One second port 82 is used to output the first mixed light beam L1', and the other second port 82 is used to output the first sub-beam L22.
  • the wave splitter further includes a first fiber collimator 91 at the first port 81 and a second fiber collimator 92 at the second port 82 .
  • the input light beam L0 passes through the first port 81 and is collimated by the first fiber collimator 91 before propagating to the first filter device 10 .
  • the first mixed light beam L1' and the first sub-beam L22 respectively pass through the second fiber collimator 92 and output from the corresponding second port 82.
  • the first fiber collimator 91 includes a tube body 91a, a fiber joint 91b and a collimator lens 91c.
  • the optical fiber connector 91b and the collimator lens 91c are arranged in the tube body 91a at intervals.
  • the second fiber collimator 92 includes a tube body 92a, a fiber connector 92b and a collimator lens 92c. Fiber connectors 92b and collimating lenses 92c are also arranged at intervals in the tube body 92a.
  • the tube body is a plastic tube, a glass tube or a metal tube, etc., and is used to integrate corresponding optical fiber connectors and collimating lenses together to form an optical fiber collimator.
  • the input light beam L0 is incident from the first fiber collimator 91 at the first port 81 and propagates to the first filter device 10 .
  • the first filter device 10 transmits the light in the first wavelength band, so as to separate the first light beam L1 from the input light beam L0.
  • the first filter device 10 reflects the light of the second wavelength band and the light of the third wavelength band to form a second light beam L2 and transmits the second light beam L2 to the second filter device 20 .
  • the second filter device 20 transmits light in the third wavelength band to form a first sub-beam L22 , and output the first sub-beam L22 through a second fiber collimator 92 from a second port 82 .
  • the second filter device 20 reflects the light of the second wavelength band to form the first sub-beam L21, and reflects the first sub-beam L21 to the reflective prism, and the reflective prism guides the first sub-beam L21 to the first filter device 10, due to the first sub-beam L21
  • the light beam L21 is light in the second wavelength band
  • the first filter device 10 reflects the first sub-beam L21 again, so that the first sub-beam L21 and the first light beam L1 are combined into a first mixed light beam L1', which is collimated through the second optical fiber
  • the device 92 outputs from another second port 82.
  • the input light beam first passes through the first filter device, and the first filter device separates the light of the first wave band from the input light beam as the first light beam, and then the second filter device filters other wave bands in the input light beam. Demultiplexing the light, that is, performing demultiplexing processing on the second light beam.
  • the width of the first transition wavelength range of the first filter device is less than the width of the second transition wavelength range of the second filter device, and the first waveband overlaps with the second transition wavelength range at least in part, so with respect to directly by the second filter device
  • at least part of the second transition wavelength range can still be used, thereby reducing the width of the wavelength range corresponding to the lost light, The utilization rate of the optical band corresponding to the input beam is improved.
  • multiplexing the first filtering device as a part of the multiplexing component can reduce the number of optical devices included in the demultiplexer, which is beneficial to reducing volume and cost.
  • the structure of the optical path is simple, and it is easy to modulate and assemble.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the difference between this wave splitter and the wave splitter shown in FIG. 4 lies in that the structure of the reflective device 31 in the wave combining component is different.
  • the reflecting device 31 comprises two reflecting mirrors.
  • the two mirrors are arranged symmetrically.
  • the two mirrors are configured such that the absolute value of the difference between the first included angle and the second included angle is not greater than 3°, for example not greater than 0.5°.
  • the first included angle is the included angle between the incident path of the input light beam L0 incident on the first filter device 10 and the propagation path of the second light beam L2 from the first filter device 10 to the second filter device 20
  • the second included angle is the angle between the propagation path of the first sub-beam L21 from the reflecting device 31 to the first filter device 10 and the propagation path of the first sub-beam L21 after being reflected by the first filter device 10 .
  • This angle relationship can make the propagation path of the first sub-beam L21 reflected by the first filter device 10 substantially coincide with the propagation path of the first beam L1 transmitted by the first filter device 10, so that the first sub-beam L21 and the first The light beam L1 is combined into a first mixed light beam L1'.
  • the input light beam L0 is incident from the first fiber collimator 91 at the first port 81 and propagates to the first filter device 10 .
  • the first filter device 10 transmits the light in the first wavelength band, so as to separate the first light beam L1 from the input light beam L0.
  • the first filter device 10 reflects the light of the second wavelength band and the light of the third wavelength band to form a second light beam L2 and transmits the second light beam L2 to the second filter device 20 .
  • the second filter device 20 transmits light in the third wavelength band to form a second sub-beam L22 and output the second sub-beam L22 through a second fiber collimator 92 from a second port 82 .
  • the second filter device 20 reflects the light of the second wavelength band to form the first sub-beam L21, and reflects the first sub-beam L21 to a mirror, and the mirror reflects the first sub-beam L21 to another mirror, and the other mirror A mirror guides the first sub-beam L21 to the first filter device 10, and since the first sub-beam L21 is light in the second wavelength band, the first filter device 10 reflects the first sub-beam L21 again, thereby turning the first sub-beam L21 Combined with the first light beam L1 to form a first mixed light beam L1 ′, which is output from another second port 82 through a second fiber collimator 92 .
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the multiplexer component includes a reflection device 31 .
  • the reflective device 31 is used to reflect the first light beam L1 to the first filter device 10; the first filter device 10 is also used to transmit the first light beam L1 from the reflective device 31 and reflect the first sub-beam L21 from the second filter device 20 , so as to combine the first sub-beam L21 and the first beam L1 into a first mixed beam L1'.
  • the reflecting device 31 is a reflecting mirror.
  • the reflective surface of the mirror is arranged parallel to the filtering surface of the first filter device 10, and the first filter device 10 needs to be large enough so that the first light beam L1 returning from the mirror can still pass through the first filter device 10.
  • the reflecting device 31 and the first filtering device 10 are configured such that the absolute value of the difference between any two included angles among the first included angle, the second included angle and the third included angle is not greater than 3°, for example not greater than 0.5°.
  • the first angle is the angle between the first propagation path of the input light beam L0 incident on the first filter device 10 and the second propagation path of the second light beam L2 from the first filter device 10 to the second filter device 20,
  • the second angle is the angle between the second propagation path and the third propagation path of the first sub-beam L21 from the second filter device 20 to the first filter device 10
  • the third angle is the angle between the third propagation path and the second The included angle between the fourth propagation paths of the sub-beam L22 reflected by the first filter device 10 .
  • the absolute value of the difference between the fourth included angle and any one of the first to third included angles is not greater than 3°, for example not greater than 0.5°.
  • the fourth included angle is the included angle between the incident path and the reflected path of the first light beam L1 on the reflective device 31 .
  • the input light beam L0 is incident from the first fiber collimator 91 at the first port 81 and propagates to the first filter device 10 .
  • the first filter device 10 transmits light in the first wavelength band, thereby separating the first light beam L1 from the input light beam L0, and transmitting the first light beam L1 to the reflective device 31, and the reflective device 31 reflects the first light beam L1 back to the second light beam again.
  • a filtering device 10 .
  • the first filter device 10 reflects the light of the second wavelength band and the light of the third wavelength band to form a second light beam L2 and transmits the second light beam L2 to the second filter device 20 .
  • the second filter device 20 transmits light in the third wavelength band to form a second sub-beam L22 and output the second sub-beam L22 through a second fiber collimator 92 from a second port 82 .
  • the second filter device 20 reflects light in the second wavelength band to form a first sub-beam L21 , and reflects the first sub-beam L21 to the first filter device 10 .
  • the first filter device 10 Since the first sub-beam L21 is light in the second wavelength band, the first filter device 10 reflects the first sub-beam L21 again, and transmits the first beam L1 from the reflecting device 31, thereby combining the first sub-beam L21 with the first beam L1 is combined into a first mixed light beam L1 ′, which is output from another second port 82 through a second fiber collimator 92 .
  • the second sub-beam is reflected and folded by the reflective device, so that the optical paths of the first beam and the first sub-beam are very close or even the same, so the coupling loss and phase difference caused by the difference in optical path can be avoided, which is beneficial to further reduce the split Waveform loss.
  • multiplexing the first filter device as a part of the wave multiplexing component can reduce the number of optical devices included in the wave splitter, which is beneficial to reducing volume and cost.
  • the structure of the optical path is simple, and it is easy to modulate and assemble.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 7 , the difference between this wave splitter and the wave splitter shown in FIG. 6 lies in that the structure of the reflection device 31 in the wave combining component is different.
  • the reflective device 31 is a reflective prism.
  • the reflective prism is a triangular reflective prism, two connected surfaces of the triangular reflective prism are reflective surfaces, and a surface connected between the two reflective surfaces serves as an incident surface and an outgoing surface at the same time.
  • the incident plane is parallel to the filtering plane of the first filtering device.
  • the use of the reflective prism can shorten the distance between the first filter device and the reflective device, effectively compress the size of the entire optical path along the length direction, and is beneficial to the miniaturization of the device.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the multiplexing component includes a reflection device 31 and a third filter device 32 .
  • the reflecting device 31 is used to reflect the first sub-beam L21 from the second filtering device 20 to the third filtering device 32 .
  • the third filter device 32 is used to transmit the first beam L1 from the first filter device 10, and reflect the first sub-beam L21 from the mirror, so as to combine the first beam L1 and the first sub-beam L21 into a first mixed beam L1'.
  • the reflection device 31 is a mirror
  • the third filter device 32 is a band-pass filter device, such as a band-pass filter diaphragm.
  • the input light beam L0 is incident from the first fiber collimator 91 at the first port 81 and propagates to the first filter device 10 .
  • the first filter device 10 transmits the light in the first wavelength band, so as to separate the first light beam L1 from the input light beam L0.
  • the first filter device 10 reflects the light of the second wavelength band and the light of the third wavelength band to form a second light beam L2 and transmits the second light beam L2 to the second filter device 20 .
  • the second filter device 20 transmits light in the third wavelength band to form a second sub-beam L22 and output the second sub-beam L22 through a second fiber collimator 92 from a second port 82 .
  • the second filter device 20 reflects the light of the second wavelength band to form the first sub-beam L21, and reflects the first sub-beam L21 to the reflective device 31, and the reflective device 31 guides the first sub-beam L21 to the second filter device 20, the second The filter device 20 transmits the first light beam L1 from the first filter device 10 while reflecting the first sub-beam L21 from the reflective device 31, thereby combining the first sub-beam L21 and the first light beam L1 into a first mixed light beam L1', It is output from another second port 82 through a second fiber collimator 92 .
  • the first filter device is used for wave splitting
  • the third filter device is used for wave multiplexing.
  • the wave splitting and multiplexing are realized by two devices.
  • the position and structure of the device are more flexible, which is conducive to reducing the difficulty of debugging.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the multiplexer component includes a reflection device 31 and a fourth filter device 33 .
  • the reflective device 31 is used to reflect the first light beam L1 from the first filter device 10 to the fourth filter device 33 .
  • the fourth filter device 33 is used to transmit the first light beam L1 from the reflective device 31, and reflect the first sub-beam L21 from the second filter device 20, so as to combine the first light beam L1 and the first sub-beam L21 into a first mixed Beam L1'.
  • the reflecting device 31 is a reflecting mirror.
  • the fourth filter device 33 is a band-pass filter device, such as a band-pass filter diaphragm.
  • the input light beam L0 is incident from the first fiber collimator 91 at the first port 81 and propagates to the first filter device 10 .
  • the first filter device 10 transmits the light in the first wavelength band, so as to separate the first beam L1 from the input beam L0 and output it to the reflective device 31 .
  • the reflecting device 31 reflects the first light beam L1 to the fourth filtering device 33 .
  • the first filter device 10 reflects the light of the second wavelength band and the light of the third wavelength band to form a second light beam L2 and transmits the second light beam L2 to the second filter device 20 .
  • the second filter device 20 transmits light in the third wavelength band to form a second sub-beam L22 and output the second sub-beam L22 through a second fiber collimator 92 from a second port 82 .
  • the second filter device 20 reflects light in the second wavelength band to form the first sub-beam L21 , and reflects the first sub-beam L21 to the fourth filter device 33 .
  • the fourth filter device 33 transmits the first beam L1 from the reflective device 31 and reflects the first sub-beam L21 from the second filter device 20, thereby combining the first sub-beam L21 and the first beam L1 into a first mixed beam L1 ', output from another second port 82 through the second fiber collimator 92.
  • the propagation path of the filter device and the propagation path of the first sub-beam from the second filter device to the fourth filter device are arranged in a parallelogram. In this way, the optical path difference between the second sub-beam and the first beam can be reduced, further reducing the optical loss of the device.
  • the isolation refers to isolating the return light (that is, the light transmitted in reverse) or the light corresponding to the wavelength of other channels.
  • the isolation is improved by increasing the transmission loss of the light that needs to be isolated.
  • the wave splitter provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes at least one intermediate filter device, and the at least one intermediate filter device is used for at least one of the following: guide the second light beam from the first filter to the second The filter guides the first sub-beam from the second filter device to the fourth filter device, and outputs the second sub-beam from the second filter device.
  • the position and number of intermediate filters can be set according to actual needs, as long as the designed isolation can be satisfied and the guidance of the corresponding sub-beams can be realized.
  • the arrangement of the intermediate filter will be illustrated below with reference to FIG. 10 .
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the wave splitter includes a first filter device 10 , a second filter device 20 , a fourth filter device 33 , a reflection device 31 and three intermediate filter devices.
  • the first filter device 10 , the second filter device 20 , the fourth filter device 33 and the reflective device 31 refer to the relevant content in FIG. 9 .
  • the three intermediate filter devices are respectively a first intermediate filter device 41 , a second intermediate filter device 42 and a third intermediate filter device 43 .
  • the first intermediate filter device 41 is located on the propagation path of the second light beam L2 output by the first filter device 10 for reflecting the second light beam L2 to the second filter device 20 .
  • the first intermediate filter device 41 is a band-pass filter diaphragm.
  • the second intermediate filter device 42 is located on the propagation path of the second sub-beam L22 output by the second filter device 20, and is used for transmitting the second sub-beam L22.
  • the second intermediate filter device 42 is an edge filter membrane.
  • the third intermediate filter device 43 is located on the propagation path of the first sub-beam L21 output by the second filter device 20 for reflecting the first sub-beam L21 to the fourth filter device 33 .
  • the third intermediate filter device 43 is an edge filter membrane.
  • the input light beam L0 is incident from the first fiber collimator 91 at the first port 81 and propagates to the first filter device 10 .
  • the first filter device 10 transmits the light in the first wavelength band, so as to separate the first beam L1 from the input beam L0 and output it to the reflective device 31 .
  • the reflecting device 31 reflects the first light beam L1 to the fourth filtering device 33 .
  • the first filter device 10 reflects the light of the second wavelength band and the light of the third wavelength band to form the second light beam L2 and transmits the second light beam L2 to the first intermediate filter device 41 .
  • the first intermediate filter device 41 reflects the second light beam L2 so that the second light beam L2 propagates to the second filter device 20 .
  • the second filter device 20 transmits the light of the third waveband, forms the second sub-beam L22, and outputs the second sub-beam L22 to the second intermediate filter device 42, and the second intermediate filter device 42 transmits the second sub-beam L22, so that The second sub-beam L22 is output from a second port 82 through a second fiber collimator 92 .
  • the second filter device 20 reflects the light of the second wavelength band to form the first sub-beam L21, and reflects the first sub-beam L21 to the third intermediate filter device 43, and the third intermediate filter device 43 reflects the first sub-beam L21 to The fourth filtering device 33 .
  • the fourth filter device 33 transmits the first beam L1 from the reflective device 31 and reflects the first sub-beam L21 from the third intermediate filter device 43, thereby combining the first sub-beam L21 and the first beam L1 into a first mixed beam L1' is output from another second port 82 through the second fiber collimator 92 .
  • the light corresponding to the wavelength bands of the second light beam L2 , the first light beam L1 , the first sub-beam L21 and the second sub-beam L22 all pass through two filter diaphragms, so that the isolation is significantly improved.
  • the isolation can reach more than 30 dB.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 11 , on the basis of the wave splitter shown in FIG. 9 , a fifth filter device 50 and a sixth filter device 60 are added to the wave splitter.
  • the fifth filtering device 50 is used to split the first mixed light beam L1' into a third light beam L3 and a fourth light beam L4.
  • the third light beam L3 is the light of the first sub-wavelength band
  • the fourth light beam L4 includes the light of the second sub-wavelength band and the light of the third sub-wavelength band.
  • the first sub-band is located between the second sub-band and the third sub-band.
  • the first mixed light beam L1' includes the light of the first wavelength band and the light of the second wavelength band
  • the first sub-wavelength band, the second sub-wavelength band and the third sub-wavelength band satisfy the following relationship: the first sub-wavelength band belongs to the second The band; the second sub-band includes the first band and the part of the second band between the first band and the first sub-band; the third sub-band belongs to the second band.
  • the sixth filter device 60 is used to divide the fourth light beam L4 into a third sub-beam L41 and a fourth sub-beam L42, the third sub-beam L41 is the light of the second sub-wavelength band, and the second sub-beam L42 is the light of the third sub-wavelength band.
  • the width of the third transition wavelength range of the fifth filter device 50 is smaller than the width of the fourth transition wavelength range of the sixth filter device 60, and the first sub-band at least partially overlaps with the fourth transition wavelength range.
  • the first wavelength band (the wavelength band corresponding to the first light beam L1) is 1521 nm ⁇ 1524 nm.
  • the second wavelength band (the wavelength band corresponding to the first sub-beam L21 ) is 1524nm ⁇ 1627nm.
  • the third wavelength band (the wavelength band corresponding to the second sub-beam L22 ) is 1476nm ⁇ 1521nm.
  • the wavelength bands corresponding to the second light beam L2 include 1476nm ⁇ 1521nm and 1524nm ⁇ 1627nm.
  • the wavelength bands corresponding to the first mixed light beam L1' include 1521nm-1524nm and 1524nm-1627nm, that is, 1521nm-1627nm.
  • the first sub-wavelength band (wavelength band corresponding to the third light beam L3) is 1572nm ⁇ 1575nm.
  • the second sub-wavelength band (wavelength band corresponding to the fourth sub-beam L42 ) includes 1521nm-1524nm and 1524nm-1572nm, that is, 1521nm-1572nm.
  • the third sub-wavelength band (wavelength band corresponding to the third sub-beam L41 ) is 1575nm ⁇ 1627nm.
  • the wavelength bands corresponding to the fourth light beam L4 include 1524nm ⁇ 1572nm and 1575nm ⁇ 1627nm.
  • the wavelength bands corresponding to the first mixed light beam L1' include 1572nm-1575nm and 1575nm-1627nm, that is, 1572nm-1627nm.
  • the fifth filter device 50 is a band-pass filter device, such as a band-pass filter diaphragm.
  • the sixth filter device 60 is an edge filter device, such as an edge filter membrane.
  • the wave splitter further includes another wave combining component 70, and the other wave combining component 70 is used to combine the third light beam L3 and the third sub-beam L41 into a second mixed light beam L2'.
  • the other multiplexer component 70 includes another reflective device 71 and a seventh filter device 72
  • the another reflective device 71 is used to reflect the third light beam L3 from the fifth filter device 50 to the seventh filter device 72.
  • the seventh filter device 72 is used to transmit the third light beam L3 and reflect the third sub-beam L41 from the sixth filter device 60 to combine the third light beam L3 and the third sub-beam L41 into a second mixed light beam L2'.
  • the seventh filter device 72 is a band-pass filter device, such as a band-pass filter diaphragm.
  • the input light beam L0 is incident from the first fiber collimator 91 at the first port 81 and propagates to the first filter device 10 .
  • the first filter device 10 transmits the light in the first wavelength band, so as to separate the first beam L1 from the input beam L0 and output it to the reflective device 31 .
  • the reflecting device 31 reflects the received first light beam L1 to the fourth filtering device 33 .
  • the first filter device 10 reflects the light of the second wavelength band and the light of the third wavelength band to form a second light beam L2 and transmits the second light beam L2 to the second filter device 20 .
  • the second filter device 20 transmits light in the third wavelength band to form a second sub-beam L22 and output the second sub-beam L22 from a second port 82 .
  • the second filter device 20 reflects light in the second wavelength band to form the first sub-beam L21 , and reflects the first sub-beam L21 to the fourth filter device 33 .
  • the fourth filter device 33 transmits the first beam L1 from the reflective device 31 and reflects the first sub-beam L21 from the second filter device 20, thereby combining the first sub-beam L21 and the first beam L1 into a first mixed beam L1 ', and propagate the first mixed light beam L1' to the fifth filter device 50.
  • the fifth filtering device 50 transmits light in the first sub-wavelength band, thereby separating the third light beam L3 from the first mixed light beam L1' and outputting it to the reflecting device 71.
  • the reflecting device 71 reflects the received third light beam L3 to the seventh filtering device 72 .
  • the fifth filter device 50 reflects the light of the second sub-wavelength band and the light of the third sub-wavelength band to form a fourth light beam L4 and transmits the fourth light beam to the sixth filter device 60 .
  • the sixth filter device 60 transmits light in the third sub-wavelength band to form a fourth sub-beam L42 and output the fourth sub-beam L42 from a second port 82 .
  • the sixth filter device 60 reflects light in the second sub-wavelength band to form a third sub-beam L41 , and reflects the third sub-beam L41 to the seventh filter device 72 .
  • the seventh filter device 33 transmits the third light beam L3 from the reflective device 71 and reflects the third sub-beam L41 from the sixth filter device 60, thereby combining the third sub-beam L41 and the third light beam L3 into a second mixed light beam L2 ', and output the second mixed light beam L2' from yet another second port 82.
  • the second sub-beam L22, the fourth sub-beam L42 and the second mixed beam L2' are respectively output from the three second ports 82, and the second sub-beam L22, the fourth sub-beam L42 and the second mixed beam L2' corresponds to light of different wavelength bands respectively. Therefore, the demultiplexer provided in this embodiment can realize the separation of three bands.
  • one second port 82 is on the same side as the first port 81, and the other second port 82 is on the opposite side of the first port 81.
  • the two second ports 82 are on the same side as the first port 81 .
  • the first fiber collimator 91 and the second fiber collimator 92 are set independently of each other.
  • light beams are transmitted in the form of spatial optical paths among the various optical devices inside the wave splitter.
  • optical devices inside the wave splitter may also transmit light beams in a cascaded manner, such as the wave splitter shown in FIG. 12 .
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the wave splitter includes a first filter device 10 and a second filter device 20 .
  • Both the first filter device 10 and the second filter device 20 are three-port wavelength division multiplexing (wavelength division multiplexing, WDM) devices.
  • the first filter device 10 is a band-pass filter device, which is prepared based on a band-pass filter diaphragm.
  • the second filter device 20 is an edge filter device, which is prepared based on an edge filter film.
  • the functions of the first filtering device and the second filtering device refer to the relevant embodiment in FIG. 1 , and detailed descriptions are omitted here.
  • the first filter device 10 includes a housing 11, a first tube body 12, a first optical fiber connector 13, a collimating lens 14, a band-pass filter diaphragm 15, a second tube body 16, and a collimating lens 17 And the second optical fiber connector 18.
  • the first optical fiber connector 13 is a dual optical fiber connector, including a common end connector and a reflection end connector.
  • the first optical fiber connector 13 and the collimator lens 14 are located in the first tube body 12 .
  • the first optical fiber connector 13 is located at one end of the collimating lens 14 and has an air gap between the collimating lens 14 and the collimating lens 14 .
  • the band-pass filter film 15 is fixed on the other end of the collimator lens 14 .
  • the collimator lens 17 and the second optical fiber connector 18 are located in the second tube body 16 with an air gap between them and the second optical fiber connector 18 .
  • the collimator lens 17 is opposite to the band-pass filter film 15 .
  • the second optical fiber connector 18 is a single optical fiber connector.
  • the housing 11 is a glass tube or a metal tube or the like.
  • the collimating lens 14 is a conventional lens (conventional lens, C-lens) (also known as a spherical lens or a C lens) or a gradient (step fold) (Gradient-index, GRIN) lens (also known as a self-focusing lens and a G lens). ).
  • the structure of the second filter device 20 is basically the same as that of the first filter device, only the band-pass filter membrane 15 needs to be replaced with an edge filter membrane.
  • the reflective end connector of the first optical fiber connector 13 of the first filter device 10 is connected to the common end connector of the first optical fiber connector 13 of the second filter device 20 through an optical fiber.
  • the input light beam is incident from the common end joint of the first optical fiber joint 13 of the first filter device 10 , and the band-pass filter film 15 divides the input light beam into a first light beam and a second light beam.
  • the first light beam passes through the band-pass filter membrane 15 , passes through the collimator lens 17 , and then outputs through the second optical fiber connector 18 .
  • the second light beam enters the second filter device 20 from the reflective end connector of the first optical fiber connector 13 of the first filter device 10 and the common end connector of the first optical fiber connector 13 of the second filter device 20 .
  • the second light beam is divided into a first sub-beam and a second sub-beam by the edge filter diaphragm of the second filter device 20, the first sub-beam is output from the second optical fiber connector of the second filter device 20, and the second sub-beam is output from the second sub-beam
  • the reflection end of the first optical fiber connector of the second filter device 20 outputs.
  • the demultiplexer further includes a third filter device 32 , and the structure of the third filter device 32 is the same as that of the first filter device 10 .
  • the reflective end connector in the first fiber connector of the third filter device 32 is connected to the second fiber connector of the second filter device 20 through an optical fiber, and receives the second sub-beam output by the second fiber connector of the second filter device 20 .
  • the second optical fiber connector of the third filter device 32 is connected to the second optical fiber connector of the first filter device 10 to receive the first sub-beam output by the second optical fiber connector of the first filter device 10 .
  • the band-pass filter film of the third filter device 32 combines the first sub-beam and the first beam into a first mixed beam and outputs it from the common end connector of the first optical fiber connector of the third filter device 32 .
  • the embodiments shown in Fig. 4 to Fig. 12 are all described by taking the combining component to combine the first sub-beam L21 and the first beam L1 into the first mixed beam L1' as an example.
  • the wave combining component combines the second sub-beam and the first beam into a first mixed beam.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave splitter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the multiplexer component includes a first reflection device 31 a , a second reflection device 31 b and an eighth filter device 34 .
  • the first reflective device 31 a is used to reflect the first light beam L1 from the first filter device 10 to the eighth filter device 34 .
  • the second reflective device 31 b is used to reflect the second sub-beam L22 from the second filter device 20 to the eighth filter device 34 .
  • the eighth filtering device 34 is used to transmit the first light beam L1 from the first reflection device 31a, and reflect the second sub-beam from the second reflection device 31b, so as to combine the first light beam L1 and the second sub-beam L22 into a first Mixed light beam L1'.
  • both the first reflective device 31a and the second reflective device 31b are mirrors.
  • the eighth filter device 34 is a band-pass filter device, such as a band-pass filter diaphragm.
  • FIG. 13 is obtained by adjusting the position of the reflection device and adding a filter device on the basis of FIG. 5
  • FIG. 14 is obtained by adding a reflection device and adjusting the position of the filter device on the basis of FIG. 9 .
  • the multiplexing component can be changed to combine the second sub-beam and the first beam into the first mixed beam by at least one of the following methods: changing the number of reflective devices and/or location; and changing the number and/or location of filter components, etc.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a multiplexer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the multiplexer includes a first filter device 10 and a second filter device 20 .
  • the second filter device 20 is used to combine the first sub-beam L21 and the second sub-beam L22 into a second beam, the first sub-beam L21 is the light of the second wavelength band, and the second sub-beam L22 is the light of the third wavelength band.
  • the first filter device 10 is used to combine the first light beam L1 and the second light beam L2 into an output light beam L0, the first light beam L1 is light in a first wavelength band, and the first wave band is located between the second wave band and the third wave band.
  • the width of the first transition wavelength range of the first filter device 10 is smaller than the width of the second transition wavelength range of the second filter device 20, and the first wavelength band and the second transition wavelength range at least partially overlap.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave combiner provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the multiplexer includes a first filter device 10 , a second filter device 20 and a wave division component.
  • the wave splitting component is used for receiving the first mixed light beam L1', and splitting the first mixed light beam L1' into the first light beam L1 and the first sub-beam L21.
  • the first mixed light beam L1' contains light in the first wavelength band
  • the first wavelength band and the second transition wavelength range of the second filter device 20 at least partially overlap. If the first mixed light beam L1' and the second sub-beam L22 are directly input to the second filter device 20 for multiplexing, the part of the first wavelength band that overlaps with the second transition wavelength range will be lost.
  • the light of the first wavelength band (that is, the first light beam L1) is separated from the first mixed light beam L1' through the wave splitting component, and then the remaining first sub-beam L21 is combined with the second
  • the sub-beam L22 is combined into a second light beam L2 by the second filter device 20
  • the first light beam L1 and the second light beam L2 are combined by the first filter device 10 into an output light beam L0 for output.
  • the light within the second wavelength range that overlaps with the first wavelength band can still pass through the wave splitter and be utilized, thus improving the utilization rate of the optical waveband.
  • the wave splitting component includes a reflection device 31 and a first filter device 10 .
  • the first filter device 10 is also used to divide the first mixed light beam L1' into the first light beam L1 and the first sub-beam L21, and reflect the first sub-beam L21 to the reflective device 31; the reflective device 31 is used to divide the first sub-beam L21 The light beam L21 is reflected to the second filter device 20 for the second filter device 20 to combine the received first sub-beam L21 and the second sub-beam L22 into a second light beam L2.
  • the first mixed light beam L1' is obtained based on the first mixed light beam L1' output by the wave splitter provided in any one of the aforementioned Figures 4 to 12, for example, the first mixed light beam output by the aforementioned wave splitter
  • the light beam L1' is obtained after power amplification.
  • the first filter device 10 receives the first mixed light beam L1' from a second port, transmits the light of the first wavelength band and reflects the light of the first sub-wavelength band, thereby splitting the first mixed light beam L1' into the second A light beam L1 (light of the first wavelength band) and a first sub-beam L21 (light of the first sub-wavelength band).
  • the first filter device 10 propagates the first sub-beam L21 to the reflective device 31, and the reflective device 31 reflects the first sub-beam L21 from the first filter device 10 to the second filter device 20, and the second filter device 20 reflects the first sub-beam L21 from the first filter device 20.
  • the first filter device 10 reflects the second light beam L2 from the second filter device 20 , combines the second light beam L2 and the first light beam L1 into an output light beam L0 and outputs it from the first port.
  • the device structure of the wave combiner shown in Figure 16 is the same as that of the wave splitter shown in Figure 4, and the wave combining process of the wave combiner shown in Figure 16 is the wave splitting process of the wave splitter shown in Figure 4 the reverse process.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave combiner provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the difference between the multiplexer shown in FIG. 17 and the multiplexer shown in FIG. 16 lies in the different structures of the reflecting devices 31 and the relative positions of the devices.
  • For the multiplexing process of the multiplexer shown in FIG. 17 refer to the relevant content in FIG. 16 , and will not be described in detail here.
  • the device structure of the wave combiner shown in Figure 17 is the same as that of the wave splitter shown in Figure 5, and the wave combining process of the wave combiner shown in Figure 17 is the same as that of the wave splitter shown in Figure 5.
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave combiner provided by an embodiment of the present application. The difference from the multiplexer shown in Fig. 16 and Fig. 17 is that the structure of the demultiplexer is different.
  • the wavelength splitting component includes a reflection device 31 and a first filter device 10.
  • the first filter device 10 is also used to divide the first mixed light beam L1' into the first light beam L1 and the first sub-beam L21, guide the first light beam L1 to the reflection device 31 and reflect the first sub-beam L21 to the second filter device 20.
  • the reflective device 31 is used to reflect the first light beam L1 to the first filter device 10 , and the first filter device 10 transmits the first light beam L1 from the reflective device 31 .
  • the reflecting mirror and the first filter device 10 are configured such that the absolute value of the difference between any two included angles among the first included angle, the second included angle and the third included angle is not greater than 3°, for example not greater than 0.5 °.
  • the first included angle is the included angle between the first propagation path of the output light beam L0 and the second propagation path of the second light beam L2 from the second filter device 20 to the first filter device 10
  • the second included angle is the second The angle between the propagation path and the third propagation path of the first sub-beam L21 from the first filter device 10 to the second filter device 20, the third angle is the third propagation path and the first mixed light beam L1' incident to the second An included angle between the fourth propagation paths of the filter device 10 .
  • the first filter device 10 receives the first mixed light beam L1' from a second port, transmits the light of the first wavelength band and reflects the light of the first sub-wavelength band, thereby dividing the first mixed light beam L1' into the second A light beam L1 (light of the first wavelength band) and a first sub-beam L21 (light of the first sub-wavelength band).
  • the first filter device 10 transmits the separated first light beam L1 to the reflection device 31, and the reflection device 31 reflects the first light beam L1 from the first filter device 10 back to the first filter device 10, and the first filter device 10 transmits the first light beam L1 from the first filter device 10.
  • a first light beam L1 of the device is emitted.
  • the first filter device 10 also reflects the separated first sub-beam L21 to the second filter device 20, and the second filter device 20 reflects the first sub-beam L21 from the first filter device 10, and transmits the first sub-beam L21 from another second port.
  • the second sub-beam L22 so that the first sub-beam L21 and the second sub-beam L22 are combined into a second beam L2, and then the second beam L2 is output to the first filter device 10.
  • the first filter device 10 reflects the second light beam L2 from the second filter device 20 , combines the second light beam L2 and the first light beam L1 from the reflection device 31 into an output beam L0 and outputs it from the first port.
  • the device structure of the wave combiner shown in Figure 18 is the same as that of the wave splitter shown in Figure 6, and the wave combining process of the wave combiner shown in Figure 18 is the same as that of the wave splitter shown in Figure 6.
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave combiner provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the difference between the multiplexer shown in FIG. 19 and the multiplexer shown in FIG. 18 is that the reflective device 31 is different.
  • the reflective device 31 is a reflective prism.
  • the multiplexing process of the multiplexer in Figure 19 please refer to the relevant content in Figure 18.
  • the device structure of the wave combiner shown in Figure 19 is the same as that of the wave splitter shown in Figure 7, and the wave combining process of the wave combiner shown in Figure 19 is the same as that of the wave splitter shown in Figure 7.
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave combiner provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the wave splitting component includes a reflection device 31 and a third filter device.
  • the third filtering device is used for splitting the first mixed light beam L1' into the first light beam L1 and the first sub-beam L21, directing the first light beam L1 to the first filtering device 10 and guiding the first sub-beam L21 to the reflecting device 31.
  • the reflecting device 31 is used to reflect the first sub-beam L21 from the third filtering device to the second filtering device 20 .
  • the fourth filtering device receives the first mixed light beam L1' from a second port, transmits the light of the first wavelength band and reflects the light of the first sub-wavelength band, thereby splitting the first mixed light beam L1' into first The light beam L1 (light of the first wavelength band) and the first sub-beam L21 (light of the first sub-wavelength band).
  • the fourth filter device directs the first light beam L1 to the first filter device 10 and directs the first sub-beam L21 to the reflective device 31 .
  • the reflective device 31 reflects the first sub-beam L21 from the fourth filter device to the second filter device 20, and the second filter device 20 reflects the first sub-beam L21 from the reflective device 31, and transmits the first sub-beam L21 from another second port.
  • Two sub-beams L22 so that the first sub-beam L21 and the second sub-beam L22 are combined into a second beam L2, and the second beam L2 is output to the first filter device 10.
  • the first filter device 10 reflects the second beam L2 from the second filter device 20, and transmits the first beam L1 from the fourth filter device, so that the second beam L2 and the first beam L1 are combined into an output beam L0 output from the first port.
  • the device structure of the wave combiner shown in Figure 20 is the same as that of the wave splitter shown in Figure 8, and the wave combining process of the wave combiner shown in Figure 20 is the wave splitting process of the wave splitter shown in Figure 8 the reverse process.
  • Fig. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave combiner provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the wave splitting component includes a reflector and a fourth filter device, the fourth filter device is used to divide the first mixed light beam L1' into the first light beam L1 and the first sub-beam L21, and divide the first light beam L1
  • the reflective device 31 is used to guide the first sub-beam L21 to the second filter device 20 ; the reflective device 31 is used to reflect the first beam L1 from the fourth filter device to the first filter device 10 .
  • the propagation path of the first light beam L1 from the fourth filter device to the reflection device 31 the propagation path of the first light beam L1 from the reflection device 31 to the first filter device 10
  • the propagation path, the propagation path of the first sub-beam L21 from the fourth filter device to the second filter device 20 and the propagation path of the first sub-beam L21 from the second filter device 20 to the first filter device The propagation paths of the device 10 are arranged in a parallelogram.
  • the fourth filtering device receives the first mixed light beam L1' from a second port, transmits light of the first wavelength band and reflects light of the first sub-wavelength band, thereby splitting the first mixed light beam L1' into first The light beam L1 (light of the first wavelength band) and the first sub-beam L21 (light of the first sub-wavelength band).
  • the fourth filter device transmits the first light beam L1 to the reflective device 31, and the reflective device 31 reflects the first light beam L1 from the fourth filter device to the first filter device 10, and the first filter device 10 transmits the first light beam from the emitting device L1.
  • the fourth filter device also reflects the first sub-beam L21 to the second filter device 20, the second filter device 20 reflects the first sub-beam L21 from the fourth filter device, and transmits the second sub-beam from another second port L22, so that the first sub-beam L21 and the second sub-beam L22 are combined into a second beam L2, and the second beam L2 is output to the first filter device 10.
  • the first filter device 10 reflects the second light beam L2 from the second filter device 20 , combines the second light beam L2 and the first light beam L1 from the reflection device 31 into an output beam L0 and outputs it from the first port.
  • the device structure of the wave combiner shown in Figure 21 is the same as that of the wave splitter shown in Figure 9, and the wave combining process of the wave combiner shown in Figure 21 is the wave splitting process of the wave splitter shown in Figure 9 the reverse process.
  • the multiplexer further includes at least one intermediate filter device, and the at least one intermediate filter device is used to realize at least one of the following: guide the first sub-beam L21 from the fourth filter device to the first
  • the second filter device 20 directs the first sub-beam L21 from the second filter device 20 to the first filter device 10 and guides the second sub-beam L22 to the second filter device 20 .
  • the at least one intermediate filter device includes at least one of an edge filter device and a bandpass filter device.
  • Fig. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave combiner provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the multiplexer includes a first filter device 10 , a second filter device 20 , a fourth filter device, a mirror and three intermediate filter devices.
  • the three intermediate filter devices are respectively a first intermediate filter device, a second intermediate filter device and a third intermediate filter device.
  • the first intermediate filter device is located on the propagation path of the second light beam L2 output by the second filter device 20, and is used for reflecting the second light beam L2 to the first filter device 10.
  • the second intermediate filter device is located on the propagation path from the second sub-beam L22 to the second filter device 20 for transmitting the second sub-beam L22.
  • the third intermediate filter device is located on the propagation path of the first sub-beam L21 output by the fourth filter device, and is used for reflecting the first sub-beam L21 to the second filter device 20 .
  • the multiplexing process of the multiplexer shown in FIG. 22 is similar to that of the multiplexer shown in FIG. 21 , and will not be described in detail here. It should be noted that the device structure of the wave combiner shown in Figure 22 is the same as that of the wave splitter shown in Figure 10, and the wave combining process of the wave combiner shown in Figure 22 is the wave splitting process of the wave splitter shown in Figure 10 the reverse process.
  • Fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of another wave combiner provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 23, the device structure of the wave combiner is the same as that of the wave splitter shown in Figure 11, and the wave combining process of the wave combiner shown in Figure 23 is the inverse process of the wave splitting process of the wave splitter shown in Figure 11 , which will not be described in detail here.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a wave combiner, the structure of the wave combiner is the same as that of the wave splitter shown in Figure 12, and the wave combining process is the inverse process of the wave splitting process of the wave splitter shown in Figure 12 , which will not be described in detail here.
  • a wavelength splitting component may be used to receive a first mixed light beam and split the first mixed light beam into the first light beam and the second sub-beam.
  • a wavelength splitting component may be used to receive a first mixed light beam and split the first mixed light beam into the first light beam and the second sub-beam.
  • FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 are schematic structural diagrams of yet another wave combiner provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the wave splitting component includes a first reflection device 31 a , a second reflection device 31 b and an eighth filter device 34 .
  • the eighth filtering device 34 is used to receive the first mixed light beam L1', divide the first mixed light beam L1' into the first light beam L1 and the second sub-beam L22, guide the first light beam L1 to the first reflecting device 31a, and divide the first light beam L1 into the first light beam L1 and the second sub-beam L22
  • the second sub-beam L22 is directed to the second reflective device 31b.
  • the first reflective device 31 a is used to reflect the first light beam L1 from the eighth filter device 34 to the first filter device 10 .
  • the second reflective device 31 b is used to guide the second sub-beam L22 from the eighth filter device 34 to the second filter device 20 .
  • the device structure of the wave combiner shown in Figure 24 is the same as that of the wave splitter shown in Figure 13, and the wave combining process of the wave combiner shown in Figure 24 is the wave splitting process of the wave splitter shown in Figure 13
  • the inverse process will not be described in detail here.
  • the wave combiner shown in Figure 25 has the same device structure as the wave splitter shown in Figure 14, and the wave combining process of the wave combiner shown in Figure 25 is the inverse process of the wave splitting process of the wave splitter shown in Figure 14. This will not be described in detail.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an optical communication device.
  • the communication device includes a wave splitting unit and a wave combining unit, the wave splitting unit includes at least one of the aforementioned wave splitters 1, the wave combining unit includes any of the aforementioned wave combiners 2, and the wave combining unit is used for Combine the multiple beams output by the wave splitting unit.
  • optical communication devices such as optical amplifiers (optical amplifier, OA), etc.
  • OA optical amplifier
  • the OA is used to amplify the power of light in the corresponding wavelength band.
  • the multiple beams output by the demultiplexing unit are processed by other optical communication devices, and the multiplexing unit then multiplexes the processed beams.
  • the demultiplexer 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application is suitable for separating different wavelength bands, for example, in FIG. 26 , the demultiplexer 1 and the wavelength band 2 are separated, so it can be called an optical band demultiplexer.
  • a multiplexer can also be called an optical band multiplexer.
  • the communication device is suitable for wide-spectrum optical communication systems, such as C-band+L-band, S-band+C-band+L-band, S-band+C-band, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an optical communication device.
  • the optical communication device includes a plurality of multiplexers.
  • the multiple multiplexers are divided into at least two stages, and the two second ports of each multiplexer in the first stage are respectively connected to a laser or to an optical amplifier.
  • the two second ports of the multiplexers in the non-first stage are respectively connected to the first ports of the two multiplexers of the previous stage, or, the first port of a multiplexer of the previous stage is connected to the first N stages
  • the first port of a multiplexer, N is an integer greater than 1.
  • the multiplexer can be any one of the aforementioned multiplexers.
  • the communication device is suitable for combining dense narrow-band beams. These narrow-band beams correspond to different optical bands and can be provided by lasers or amplifiers.
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device includes three multiplexers 2, which are divided into two stages.
  • the first stage includes two wave combiners 2, and the second port of each wave combiner 2 is respectively connected to a laser, and the two second ports of the wave combiner 2 in the second stage are respectively connected to two lasers in the first stage.
  • the first port of the multiplexer 2 is connected.
  • the wavelength band coverage of each laser is 12nm, and the wavelength band coverage of the four lasers is 48nm in total.
  • the wavelength band of laser 1 is 1524nm-1536nm
  • the wavelength band of laser 2 is 1536nm-1548nm
  • the wavelength band of laser 3 is 1548nm-1560nm
  • the wavelength band of laser 4 is 1560nm-1572nm. If an edge-type filter device is used as a multiplexer for multiplexing, the loss caused by each multiplexer is 3nm, and the bandwidth of 9nm will be lost in the end.
  • the multiplexer provided by the embodiment of the present application is used, the loss caused by each multiplexer will not exceed 1nm, and the bandwidth will eventually be lost by no more than 3nm, which greatly improves the utilization rate of the optical band of the optical communication system.

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Abstract

一种分波器、合波器和光通信装置。分波器包括：第一滤波器件（10）和第二滤波器件（20）。第一滤波器件（10）用于将输入光束分为第一光束（L1）和第二光束（L2），第一光束（L1）为第一波段的光，第二光束（L2）包括第二波段的光和第三波段的光，第一波段位于第二波段和第三波段之间。第二滤波器件（20）用于将第二光束（L2）分为第一子光束（L21）和第二子光束（L22），第一子光束（L21）为第二波段的光，第二子光束（L22）为第三波段的光。第一滤波器件（10）的第一过渡波长范围的宽度小于第二滤波器件（20）的第二过渡波长范围的宽度，第一波段与第二过渡波长范围至少部分重合。合波器的器件组成与分波器相同，光的传输过程为分波器的逆过程。该分波器和合波器能够提高光的利用率。

Description

分波器、合波器和光通信装置
本申请要求于2021年9月30日提交的申请号为202111161875.6、发明名称为“分波器、合波器和光通信装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及光通信技术领域，特别涉及一种分波器、合波器和光通信装置。
背景技术
随着光通信技术的发展，光通信系统的传输容量不断提升，光通信系统中使用的光波段的宽度也日益增大。在光通信系统中，常常需要通过分波器对光束进行分波处理或者通过合波器对光束进行合波处理。
相关技术中，分波器和合波器均可以采用滤波器件实现。基于滤波器件的光学特性，如果有滤波器件的过渡波长范围内的光输入该滤波器件，那么这部分过渡波长范围内的光将被损耗掉而无法通过滤波器件。下面针对分波和合波分别进行说明。
当该滤波器件作为分波器时，将输入光束分为第一光束和第二光束。其中，输入光束包括该滤波器件的过渡波长范围内的光，第一光束和第二光束分别对应不同波段的光，第一光束对应的波段和第二光束对应的波段位于该过渡波长范围的两侧。也即是，滤波器件输出的光束中不包括该滤波器件的过渡波长范围内的光。
当滤波器件作为合波器时，将接收到的第一光束和第二光束合为输出光束。其中，第一光束包括一个波段的光和该滤波器件的过渡波长范围内的光，第二光束包括另一波段的光，第一光束对应的波段和第二光束对应的波段位于该过渡波长范围的两侧，得到的输出光束仅包括第一波段的光和第二波段的光，而不包括该滤波器件的过渡波长范围内的光。
可见，在该滤波器件分波和合波的过程中，滤波器件的过渡波长范围内的光均由于滤波器件的光学特性而被损耗掉，导致光的利用率较低。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种分波器、合波器和光通信装置，能够提高光的利用率。
一方面，本申请提供了一种分波器。该分波器包括第一滤波器件和第二滤波器件。所述第一滤波器件用于将输入光束分为第一光束和第二光束，第一光束为第一波段的光，所述第二光束包括第二波段的光和第三波段的光，所述第一波段位于所述第二波段和所述第三波段之间。所述第二滤波器件用于将所述第二光束分为第一子光束和第二子光束，所述第一子光束为所述第二波段的光，所述第二子光束为所述第三波段的光。其中，所述第一滤波器件的第一过渡波长范围的宽度小于所述第二滤波器件的第二过渡波长范围的宽度，所述第一波段与所述第二过渡波长范围至少部分重合。
输入光束先经过第一滤波器件，由第一滤波器件将第一波段的光作为第一光束从输入光束中分离出来，然后第二滤波器件再对输入光束中其他波段的光进行分波，即对第二光束进 行分波处理。由于第一滤波器件的第一过渡波长范围的宽度小于所述第二滤波器件的第二过渡波长范围的宽度，而第一波段与第二过渡波长范围至少部分重合，所以相对于由第二滤波器件直接对输入光束进行处理而损耗掉整个第二过渡波长范围对应波长的光而言，第二过渡波长范围内的至少部分仍然可以使用，从而减小了被损耗掉的光对应的波长范围的宽度，提高了输入光束对应的光波段的利用率。
在本申请中，输入光束为一个波段的光，该波段通常为波段1260nm～1625nm的一个子区间。波段1260nm～1625nm是光通信系统中的低损耗波长区域。
在一些示例中，所述第一滤波器件为带通型滤波器件，所述带通型滤波器件用于透射所述第一波段的光，得到所述第一光束，以及反射所述第二波段的光和所述第三波段的光，得到所述第二光束。
在一些示例中，所述第二滤波器件为边缘型滤波器件，所述边缘型滤波器件用于反射所述第二波段的光，得到所述第一子光束，以及透射所述第三波段的光，得到所述第二子光束。
在一些示例中，所述分波器还包括：合波组件，所述合波组件用于将所述第一光束与所述第一子光束合为第一混合光束。通过合波组件将所述第一光束与所述第一子光束合为第一混合光束后输出，可以将输入光束对应的波段分为两个波段。
在一些示例中，将第一滤波器件复用为合波组件的一部分，这样可以减少分波器所包含的光学器件的数量，有利于减小体积和降低成本。并且，光路结构简单，容易调制组装。
例如，所述合波组件包括反射器件。所述反射器件用于将所述第一子光束反射至所述第一滤波器件。所述第一滤波器件还用于反射来自所述反射器件的所述第一子光束，以将所述第一子光束与所述第一光束合为所述第一混合光束。
又例如，所述合波组件包括反射器件。所述反射器件用于将所述第一光束反射至所述第一滤波器件；所述第一滤波器件还用于透射来自所述反射器件的所述第一光束以及反射来自所述第二滤波器件的所述第一子光束，以将所述第一子光束与所述第一光束合为所述第一混合光束。
在一些示例中，第一夹角、第二夹角和第三夹角中任意两个夹角之差的绝对值不大于3°。可选地，第一夹角、第二夹角和第三夹角中任意两个夹角之差的绝对值不大于0.5°。其中，第一夹角为第一传播路径和第二传播路径之间的夹角，所述第一传播路径为所述输入光束入射到所述第一滤波器件的路径，所述第二传播路径为所述第二光束从所述第一滤波器件到所述第二滤波器件的路径；所述第二夹角为所述第二传播路径与第三传播路径之间的夹角，所述第三传播路径为所述第一子光束从所述第二滤波器件到所述第一滤波器件的路径；所述第三夹角为所述第三传播路径与第四传播路径之间的夹角，所述第四传播路径为所述第二子光束经所述第一滤波器件反射后的路径。
通过反射器件将第二子光束做反射折叠，使得第一光束和第一子光束的光程非常接近甚至相同，因此可以避免因光程差异带来的耦合损耗和相位差异，有利于进一步降低分波器的损耗。
在又一些示例中，合波组件采用额外的滤波器件来实现合波。采用额外的滤波器件实现合波时，器件的位置和结构更灵活，有利于降低调试难度。
例如，所述合波组件包括反射器件和第三滤波器件。所述反射器件用于将来自所述第二滤波器件的所述第一子光束反射至所述第三滤波器件。所述第三滤波器件用于透射来自所述 第一滤波器件的所述第一光束，以及反射来自所述反射器件的所述第一子光束，以将所述第一光束和所述第一子光束合为所述第一混合光束。
又例如，所述合波组件包括反射器件和第四滤波器件，所述反射器件用于将来自所述第一滤波器件的所述第一光束反射至所述第四滤波器件。所述第四滤波器件用于透射来自所述反射器件的所述第一光束，以及反射来自所述第二滤波器件的所述第一子光束，以将所述第一光束和所述第一子光束合为所述第一混合光束。
在一些示例中，所述第一光束从所述第一滤波器件到所述反射器件之间的传播路径、所述第一光束从所述反射器件到所述第四滤波器件的传播路径、所述第一子光束从所述第一滤波器件到所述第二滤波器件的传播路径以及所述第一子光束从所述第二滤波器件到所述第四滤波器件的传播路径呈平行四边形布置。
当这些传播路径满足平行四边形布置时，第一光束和第一子光束的光程基本相同，可以避免因光程差异带来的耦合损耗和相位差异，有利于进一步降低分波器的损耗。
可选地，为了提高器件的隔离度，所述分波器还包括至少一个中间滤波器件，所述至少一个中间滤波器件用于以下至少一项：将来自所述第一滤波器的所述第二光束导向所述第二滤波器，将来自所述第二滤波器件的所述第一子光束导向所述第四滤波器件，以及将来自所述第二滤波器件的所述第二子光束输出。
前述分波器均用于实现两个波段的分离，当需要实现更多波段的分离时，所述分波器还包括：第五滤波器件和第六滤波器件。所述第五滤波器件用于将所述第一混合光束分为第三光束和第四光束，所述第三光束为第一子波段的光，所述第四光束包括第二子波段的光和第三子波段的光，所述第一子波段位于所述第二子波段和所述第三子波段之间。所述第六滤波器件用于将所述第四光束分为第三子光束和第四子光束，所述第三子光束为所述第二子波段的光，所述第四子光束为所述第三子波段的光。其中，所述第五滤波器件的第三过渡波长范围的宽度小于所述第六滤波器件的第四过渡波长范围的宽度，所述第一子波段与所述第四过渡波长范围至少部分重合。
通过该第五滤波器件和第六滤波器件可以将第一混合光束对应的波段再分为多个波段，从而实现更多波段的分离。
在另一些示例中，所述合波组件用于将所述第一光束与所述第一子光束合为第一混合光束。通过合波组件将所述第一光束与所述第二子光束合为第一混合光束后输出，也可以将输入光束对应的波段分为两个波段，适应不同的波段划分需求。
示例性地，合波组件包括第一反射器件、第二反射器件和第八滤波器件。所述第一反射器件用于将将来自所述第一滤波器件的所述第一光束反射至所述第八滤波器件。所述第二反射器件用于将来自所述第二滤波器件的所述第二子光束反射至所述第八滤波器件。所述第八滤波器件用于透射来自所述第一反射器件的所述第一光束，以及反射来自所述第二反射器件的所述第二子光束，以将所述第一光束和所述第二子光束合为所述第一混合光束。
另一方面，本申请提供了一种合波器。该合波器包括第一滤波器件和第二滤波器件。所述第二滤波器件用于将第一子光束和第二子光束合为第二光束，所述第一子光束为第二波段的光，所述第二子光束为第三波段的光。所述第一滤波器件用于所述第一光束和所述第二光束合为输出光束，所述第一光束为第一波段的光，所述第一波段位于所述第二波段和所述第 三波段之间。其中，所述第一滤波器件的第一过渡波长范围的宽度小于所述第二滤波器件的第二过渡波长范围的宽度，所述第一波段与所述第二过渡波长范围至少部分重合。
在一些示例中，所述第一滤波器件为带通型滤波器件，所述带通型滤波器件用于透射所述第一光束，以及反射所述第二光束，以将所述第一光束和所述第二光束合为所述输出光束。
在一些示例中，所述第二滤波器件为边缘型滤波器件，所述边缘型滤波器件用于透射所述第二子光束，以及反射所述第一子光束，以将所述第一子光束和所述第二子光束合为所述第二光束。
可选地，所述合波器还包括：分波组件，所述分波组件用于接收第一混合光束，以及将所述第一混合光束分为所述第一光束与所述第一子光束。
在一些示例中，所述分波组件包括反射器件。所述第一滤波器件还用于将所述第一混合光束分为所述第一光束与所述第一子光束，以及将所述第一子光束反射至所述反射器件。所述反射器件用于将所述第一子光束反射至所述第二滤波器件。
在另一些示例中，所述分波组件包括反射器件。所述第一滤波器件还用于将所述第一混合光束分为所述第一光束与所述第一子光束，以及将所述第一光束透射至所述反射器件。所述反射器件用于将来自所述第一滤波器件的所述第一光束反射回所述第一滤波器件；所述第一滤波器件还用于透射来自所述反射器件的所述第一光束。
示例性地，第一夹角、第二夹角和第三夹角中任意两个夹角之差的绝对值不大于3°，可选地，第一夹角、第二夹角和第三夹角中任意两个夹角之差的绝对值不大于0.5°。其中，第一夹角为第一传播路径和第二传播路径之间的夹角，所述第一传播路径为所述输出光束从所述第一滤波器件出射的路径，所述第二传播路径为所述第二光束从所述第一滤波器件到所述第一滤波器件的路径；所述第二夹角为所述第二传播路径与第三传播路径之间的夹角，所述第三传播路径为所述第一子光束从所述第一滤波器件到所述第一滤波器件的路径；所述第三夹角为所述第三传播路径与第四传播路径之间的夹角，所述第四传播路径为所述第一混合光束入射到所述第一滤波器件的路径。
在又一些示例中，所述分波组件包括反射器件和第三滤波器件。所述第三滤波器件用于将所述第一混合光束分为所述第一光束和所述第一子光束，将所述第一光束导向所述第一滤波器件，以及将所述第一子光束导向所述反射器件。所述反射器件用于将来自所述第三滤波器件的所述第一子光束反射至所述第二滤波器件。
在又一些示例中，所述分波组件包括反射器件和第四滤波器件。所述第四滤波器件用于将所述第一混合光束分为所述第一光束和所述第一子光束，将所述第一光束导向所述反射器件，以及将所述第一子光束导向所述第二滤波器件。所述反射器件用于将来自所述第四滤波器件的所述第一光束反射至所述第一滤波器件。
示例性地，所述第一光束从所述第四滤波器件到所述反射器件之间的传播路径、所述第一光束从所述反射器件到所述第一滤波器件的传播路径、所述第一子光束从所述第四滤波器件到所述第二滤波器件的传播路径以及所述第一子光束从所述第二滤波器件到所述第一滤波器件的传播路径呈平行四边形布置。
可选地，所述合波器还包括至少一个中间滤波器件，所述至少一个中间滤波器件用于实现以下至少一项：将来自所述第四滤波器件的所述第一子光束导向所述第二滤波器件，将来自所述第二滤波器件的第一子光束导向所述第一滤波器件，以及将所述第二子光束导向所述 第二滤波器件。
可选地，所述合波器还包括第五滤波器件和第六滤波器件。所述第六滤波器件用于将第三子光束和第四子光束合为第四光束，所述第三子光束为第二子波段的光，所述第四子光束为第三子波段的光。所述第五滤波器件用于将第三光束与所述第四光束合为所述第一混合光束，所述第三光束为第一子波段的光。其中，所述第五滤波器件的第三过渡波长范围的宽度小于所述第六滤波器件的第四过渡波长范围的宽度，所述第一子波段与所述第四过渡波长范围至少部分重合。
可替代地，在其他示例中，前述分波组件用于接收第一混合光束，以及将所述第一混合光束分为所述第一光束与所述第二子光束。
例如，所述分波组件包括第一反射器件、第二反射器件和第八滤波器件。所述第八滤波器件用于将所述第一混合光束分为所述第一光束和所述第二子光束，将所述第一光束导向所述第一反射器件，以及将所述第二子光束导向所述第二反射器件。所述第一反射器件用于将来自所述第八滤波器件的所述第一光束反射至所述第一滤波器件。所述第二反射器件用于将来自所述第八滤波器件的所述第二子光束导向所述第二滤波器件。
在前述合波器或分波器的一些示例中，所述第一波段为所述第二过渡波长范围的一部分，且所述第一波段的宽度与所述第一过渡波长范围的宽度之和等于所述第二过渡波长范围的宽度。在前述合波器或分波器的另一些示例中，所述第一波段与所述第二过渡波长范围完全重合。在前述合波器或分波器的又一些示例中，所述第一波段包括所述第二过渡波长范围。这三种示例中，能够将第二过渡波长范围的光充分利用，进一步提高光的利用率。
在前述合波器或分波器的一些示例中，带通型滤波器件为带通型滤波膜片或者基于带通型膜片制备的波分复用器件。边缘型滤波器件为边缘型滤波膜片或者基于边缘型膜片制备的波分复用器件。滤波膜片形式的滤波器件可以采用空间光路的形式实现光的传输；波分复用器件形式的滤波器件可以采用光纤连接的形式实现光的传输。
在前述合波器或分波器的一些示例中，所述反射器件为反射棱镜。在前述合波器或分波器的另一些示例中，所述反射器件为一个反射镜或者为至少两个反射镜的组合。
又一方面，本申请提供了一种光通信装置。该通信装置包括分波单元和合波单元，所述分波单元包括至少一个前述任一种分波器，所述合波单元包括至少一个前述任一种合波器，所述合波单元用于对所述分波单元输出的多个光束进行合波。
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图1是本申请实施例提供的一种分波器的结构示意图；
图2是带通型滤波器件和边缘型滤波器件的滤波谱线示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的滤波器件的分波和合波过程示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种分波器的结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的又一种分波器的结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的又一种分波器的结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的又一种分波器的结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的又一种分波器的结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的又一种分波器的结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的又一种分波器的结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的又一种分波器的结构示意图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的又一种分波器的结构示意图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的又一种分波器的结构示意图；
图14是本申请实施例提供的再一种分波器的结构示意图；
图15是本申请实施例提供的一种合波器的结构示意图；
图16是本申请实施例提供的另一种合波器的结构示意图；
图17是本申请实施例提供的又一种合波器的结构示意图；
图18是本申请实施例提供的又一种合波器的结构示意图；
图19是本申请实施例提供的又一种合波器的结构示意图；
图20是本申请实施例提供的又一种合波器的结构示意图；
图21是本申请实施例提供的又一种合波器的结构示意图；
图22是本申请实施例提供的又一种合波器的结构示意图；
图23是本申请实施例提供的又一种合波器的结构示意图；
图24是本申请实施例提供的又一合波器的结构示意图；
图25是本申请实施例提供的再一合波器的结构示意图；
图26是本申请实施例提供的一种光通信装置的结构示意图；
图27是本申请实施例提供的又一种光通信装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
在光通信系统中，波段1260nm～1625nm属于低损耗波长区域。波长在这个波长区域内的光适合在光纤中传输。这个波长区域被划分为五个波段，分别为常规(conventional，C)波段、长波长(long-wavelength，L)波段、短波长(short-wavelength，S)波段、原始(orignal，O)波段和扩展(extended，E)波段。
其中，C波段表现出的损耗最低，通常为1530nm～1565nm。L波段是损耗第二低的波段，通常为1565nm～1625nm。S波段通常为1460nm～1530nm。O波段通常为1260nm～1360nm。E波段通常为1360nm～1460nm。
本申请实施例中，将以对属于该波段1260nm～1625nm的光束的合波与分波为例进行说明。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种分波器的结构示意图。如图1所示，该分波器包括：第一滤波器件10和第二滤波器件20。第一滤波器件10用于将输入光束L0分为第一光束L1和第二光束L2，第一光束L1为第一波段的光，第二光束L2包括第二波段的光和第三波段的光，第一波段位于第二波段和第三波段之间。第二滤波器件20用于将第二光束L2分为第一子光束L21和第二子光束L22，第一子光束L21为第二波段的光，第二子光束L22为第三波段的光。其中，第一滤波器件10的第一过渡波长范围的宽度小于第二滤波器件20的第二过渡波长范围的宽度，第一波段与第二过渡波长范围至少部分重合。
在本申请实施例中，输入光束先经过第一滤波器件，由第一滤波器件将第一波段的光作为第一光束从输入光束中分离出来，然后第二滤波器件再对输入光束中其他波段的光进行分波，即对第二光束进行分波处理。由于第一滤波器件的第一过渡波长范围的宽度小于第二滤 波器件的第二过渡波长范围的宽度，而第一波段与第二过渡波长范围至少部分重合，所以相对于由第二滤波器件直接对输入光束进行处理而损耗掉整个第二过渡波长范围对应波长的光而言，第二过渡波长范围内的至少部分仍然可以使用，从而减小了被损耗掉的光对应的波长范围的宽度，提高了输入光束对应的光波段的利用率。
示例性地，第一滤波器件10为带通型滤波器件，例如带通型滤波膜片。第二滤波器件为边缘型滤波器件，例如边缘型滤波膜片。
图2的(a)部分是带通型滤波器件的滤波谱线示意图。图2的(b)部分是边缘型滤波器件的滤波谱线示意图。图2中横坐标表示波长，从左到右波长逐渐增大；纵坐标表示透过率，从下到上透过率逐渐增大。
如图2的(a)部分所示，在1260nm～1630nm的波长范围内，带通型滤波器件允许透射波长范围X1内的波长的光透射，而反射透射波长范围之外的波长的光，即反射波长范围X2和X3内的波长的光。带通型滤波器件的透射谱形状类似于一个矩形波。
如图2的(b)部分所示，在1260nm～1630nm的波长范围内，边缘型滤波器件将整个波段分为两个部分，透射波段Y1对应的波长较大，反射波段Y2对应的波长较小，透射谱形状类似于一个台阶。透射波段Y1和反射波段Y2之间为过渡波长范围Y3。
带通型滤波器件的透射波长范围X1可以设置得较窄，滤波的下降沿也可以设计得非常陡峭，即过渡波长范围可以做得非常小，因此图中未标示出。而边缘型滤波器件的透射波段Y1和反射波段Y2都较宽，因此其下降沿比较平缓，即过渡波长范围Y3的宽度较大。例如，对于透射波段Y1的宽度和反射波段Y1的宽度均大于40nm的边缘型滤波器件，过渡波长范围Y3的宽度大约为3nm。
在本申请实施例中，带通型滤波器件用于透射第一光束，以及反射第二光束。也即是，第一光束对应的波长范围为带通型滤波器件的透射波长范围X1，而第二光束对应的波长范围包括位于透射波长范围X1两侧的波长范围X2和X3。边缘型滤波器件用于透射第二子光束，以及反射第一子光束。即，第二子光束对应的波长范围位于边缘型滤波器件的透射波段Y1，而第一子光束对应的波长范围位于边缘型滤波器件的反射波段Y2。
图3的(a)部分为滤波器件的分波过程示意图。如图3的(a)部分所示，当入射光既包括透射波长范围内波长的光，又包括透射波长范围之外波长的光时，透射波长范围内波长的光从滤波器件透射，透射波长范围之外波长的光被滤波器件反射，从而将入射光分为透射光和反射光两路光。透射光与入射光的传播方向相同。
图3的(b)部分为滤波器件的合波过程示意图。如图3的(b)部分所示，入射光1为波长在滤波器件的透射波长范围内的光，入射光2为波长在滤波器件的反射波长范围内的光，当入射光1和入射光2同时入射滤波器件，滤波器件透射入射光1，反射入射光2，通过控制入射光1和入射光2的入射位置和角度，使得入射光1和入射光2经过滤波器件后合为一路出射光，该出射光与入射光1的传播方向相同。
需要说明的是，图2的(a)部分以带通型滤波器件对第一滤波器件进行了示例性说明。在其他实施例中，第一滤波器件还可以是其他任意能够将输入光束分为第一光束和第二光束的滤波器件。例如，第一滤波器件为带阻型滤波器件，该带阻型滤波器件用于反射所述第一波段的光，得到所述第一光束，以及透射所述第二波段的光和所述第三波段的光，得到所述第二光束。
图2的(b)部分，以高通滤波器件作为边缘型滤波器件，对第二滤波器件进行了示例性说明，在其他实施例中，第二滤波器件还可以是其他任意能够将第二光束分为第一子光束和第二子光束的滤波器件。例如，第二滤波器件为低通滤波器件，低通滤波器件的透射波长范围的波长上限小于低通滤波器件的反射波长范围的波长下限。
在一些示例中，第一波段为第二过渡波长范围的一部分，且第一波段的宽度与第一过渡波长范围的宽度之和等于第二过渡波长范围的宽度。这样，第二波段的上限波长为第二过渡波长范围的下限波长，第三波段的下限波长为第二过渡波长范围的上限波长。可以在不改变第二滤波器件的滤波性能的情况下，最大程度的利用第二滤波器件的过渡波长范围内的光。
在另一些示例中，第一波段与第二过渡波长范围完全重合。
在另一些示例中，第一波段包括第二过渡波长范围，即第二过渡波长范围为第一波段的一部分。这样，该分波器中被损耗的是第一过渡波长范围的光，由于第一过渡波长范围的宽度小于第二过渡波长范围的宽度，因此，可以降低分波器的损耗。本申请实施例中，第一波长的宽度可以根据实际需要设置。
在又一些示例中，第一波段的一部分与第二过渡波长范围的一部分重合。
需要说明的是，由于第一过渡波长范围的宽度较小，所以图3中并未示出。
在一些示例中，第一过渡波长范围的宽度不大于1nm，例如0.8nm。第二过渡波长范围的宽度约为3nm。
在一些示例中，输入光束包括以下至少一个波段的光：S波段、C波段、L波段、O波段和E波段。例如，输入光束包括C波段的光，L波段的光或者S波段的光。又例如，输入光束包括C波段和L波段这两个波段的光。又例如，输入光束包括C波段、L波段和S波段这三个波段的光。
在另一些示例中，输入光束为以上五个波段中的一个波段的一部分，例如，C波段的一部分：1530nm～1560nm等等。
在又一些示例中，输入光束为以上五个波段中相邻两个波段的各一部分。例如，包括C波段的较大波长区域和L波段的较小波长区域等等。
在一些示例中，第一光束、第一子光束和第二子光束分别被使用，因此，图1中的分波器还包括一个第一端口和三个第二端口。第一端口用于接收输入光束。三个第二端口分别用于输出第一光束、第一子光束和第二子光束。在该示例中，第一光束、第一子光束和第二子光束直接从对应的第二端口输出。
在另一些示例中，先将第一光束与第一子光束进行合并，得到第一混合光束，然后再将第一混合光束和第二子光束分别从一个第二端口输出。这些示例中，第二端口的数量为两个，分别用于输出第一混合光束和第二子光束。
在又一些示例中，先将第一光束与第一子光束进行合并，得到第一混合光束，然后再对第一混合光束进行分光，然后将分光后的光束和第二子光束分别从一个第二端口输出。这些示例中，第二端口的数量等于第一混合光束分光后得到的光束数量加一。
示例性地，在图4至图12中，均以输入光束为波段1524nm～1627nm的光，第二波段为1524nm～1572nm；第一波段为1572nm～1575nm；第三波段为1575nm～1627nm；第二过渡波长范围为1572nm～1575nm为例，对分波器的结构和工作原理进行示例性说明。
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种分波器的结构示意图。如图4所示，该分波器包括第 一滤波器件10、第二滤波器件20和合波组件。第一滤波器件10用于将输入光束L0分为第一光束L1和第二光束L2，第一光束L1为第一波段的光，第二光束L2包括第二波段的光和第三波段的光，第一波段位于第二波段和第三波段之间。第二滤波器件20用于将第二光束L2分为第一子光束L21和第一子光束L22，第一子光束L21为第二波段的光，第一子光束L22为第三波段的光。合波组件用于将第一光束L1与第一子光束L21合为第一混合光束L1’。其中，第一滤波器件10的第一过渡波长范围的宽度小于第二滤波器件20的第二过渡波长范围的宽度，第一波段与第二过渡波长范围至少部分重合。
合波组件包括反射器件31。反射器件31用于将第一子光束L21反射至第一滤波器件10。第一滤波器件10还用于反射来自反射器件31的第一子光束L21，以将第一子光束L21与第一光束L1合为第一混合光束L1’。
示例性地，反射器件31为反射棱镜。该反射棱镜被配置为使第一夹角和第二夹角的差值的绝对值不大于3°，例如不大于0.5°。其中，第一夹角为输入光束L0入射到第一滤波器件10的入射路径与第二光束L2从第一滤波器件10到第二滤波器件20的传播路径之间的夹角，第二夹角为第一子光束L21从反射器件31到第一滤波器件10的传播路径与第一子光束L21被第一滤波器件10反射后的传播路径之间的夹角。该夹角关系能够使得第一子光束L21被第一滤波器件10反射后的传播路径与第一滤波器件10透射的第一光束L1的传播路径基本重合，从而将第一子光束L21与第一光束L1合为第一混合光束L1’。
示例性地，该反射棱镜为三角形反射棱镜，该三角形反射棱镜的两个相连的表面均为反射面(或全反射面)，连接在这两个反射面(或全反射面)之间的一个表面同时作为入射面和出射面。
如图4所示，该分波器还包括一个第一端口81和两个第二端口82。第一端口81用于接收输入光束L0。一个第二端口82用于输出第一混合光束L1’，另一个第二端口82用于输出第一子光束L22。
在一些实施例中，该分波器还包括位于第一端口81的第一光纤准直器91和位于第二端口82的第二光纤准直器92。输入光束L0经过第一端口81后先经过第一光纤准直器91准直再传播到第一滤波器件10。第一混合光束L1’和第一子光束L22分别经过第二光纤准直器92后从对应的第二端口82输出。
示例性地，第一光纤准直器91包括管体91a、光纤接头91b和准直透镜91c。光纤接头91b和准直透镜91c间隔布置在管体91a中。第二光纤准直器92包括管体92a、光纤接头92b和准直透镜92c。光纤接头92b和准直透镜92c也间隔布置在管体92a中。
其中，管体为塑料管、玻璃管或金属管等，用于将对应的光纤接头和准直透镜集成在一起，构成光纤准直器。
在图4中，输入光束L0从第一端口81的第一光纤准直器91入射，并传播到第一滤波器件10。第一滤波器件10透射第一波段的光，从而将输入光束L0中的第一光束L1分离出来。第一滤波器件10反射第二波段光和第三波段的光，形成第二光束L2，并将第二光束L2传递至第二滤波器件20。第二滤波器件20透射第三波段的光，形成第一子光束L22，并将第一子光束L22经过第二光纤准直器92从一个第二端口82输出。第二滤波器件20反射第二波段的光，形成第一子光束L21，并将第一子光束L21反射至反射棱镜，反射棱镜将第一子光束L21导向第一滤波器件10，由于第一子光束L21为第二波段的光，第一滤波器件10再次反射该 第一子光束L21，从而将第一子光束L21与第一光束L1合为第一混合光束L1’，经过第二光纤准直器92从另一个第二端口82输出。
在本申请实施例中，输入光束先经过第一滤波器件，由第一滤波器件将第一波段的光作为第一光束从输入光束中分离出来，然后第二滤波器件再对输入光束中其他波段的光进行分波，即对第二光束进行分波处理。由于第一滤波器件的第一过渡波长范围的宽度小于第二滤波器件的第二过渡波长范围的宽度，而第一波段与第二过渡波长范围至少部分重合，所以相对于由第二滤波器件直接对输入光束进行处理而损耗掉整个第二过渡波长范围对应波长的光而言，第二过渡波长范围内的至少部分仍然可以使用，从而减小了被损耗掉的光对应的波长范围的宽度，提高了输入光束对应的光波段的利用率。
此外，将第一滤波器件复用，作为合波组件的一部分，可以减少分波器所包含的光学器件的数量，有利于减小体积和降低成本。并且，光路结构简单，容易调制组装。
图5是本申请实施例提供的又一种分波器的结构示意图。如图5所示，该分波器与图4所示的分波器的区别在于，合波组件中反射器件31的结构不同。在图5所示实施例中，反射器件31包括两个反射镜。该两个反射镜对称布置。该两个反射镜被配置为使第一夹角和第二夹角的差值的绝对值不大于3°，例如不大于0.5°。其中，第一夹角为输入光束L0入射到第一滤波器件10的入射路径与第二光束L2从第一滤波器件10到第二滤波器件20的传播路径之间的夹角，第二夹角为第一子光束L21从反射器件31到第一滤波器件10的传播路径与第一子光束L21被第一滤波器件10反射后的传播路径之间的夹角。该夹角关系能够使得第一子光束L21被第一滤波器件10反射后的传播路径与第一滤波器件10透射的第一光束L1的传播路径基本重合，从而将第一子光束L21与第一光束L1合为第一混合光束L1’。
在图5中，输入光束L0从第一端口81的第一光纤准直器91入射，并传播到第一滤波器件10。第一滤波器件10透射第一波段的光，从而将输入光束L0中的第一光束L1分离出来。第一滤波器件10反射第二波段光和第三波段的光，形成第二光束L2，并将第二光束L2传递至第二滤波器件20。第二滤波器件20透射第三波段的光，形成第二子光束L22，并将第二子光束L22经过第二光纤准直器92从一个第二端口82输出。第二滤波器件20反射第二波段的光，形成第一子光束L21，并将第一子光束L21反射至一个反射镜，该反射镜将第一子光束L21反射至另一个反射镜，该另一个反射镜将第一子光束L21导向第一滤波器件10，由于第一子光束L21为第二波段的光，第一滤波器件10再次反射该第一子光束L21，从而将第一子光束L21与第一光束L1合为第一混合光束L1’，经过第二光纤准直器92从另一个第二端口82输出。
图6是本申请实施例提供的另一种分波器的结构示意图。与图4和图5所示实施例的不同之处在于合波组件不同。在图6所示实施例中，合波组件包括反射器件31。反射器件31用于将第一光束L1反射至第一滤波器件10；第一滤波器件10还用于透射来自反射器件31的第一光束L1以及反射来自第二滤波器件20的第一子光束L21，以将第一子光束L21与第一光束L1合为第一混合光束L1’。
示例性地，该反射器件31为一个反射镜。该反射镜的反射面与第一滤波器件10的滤波面平行布置，且第一滤波器件10需要足够大，使得从反射镜返回的第一光束L1仍然能通过 该第一滤波器件10。
示例性地，反射器件31和第一滤波器件10被配置为使第一夹角、第二夹角和第三夹角中任意两个夹角之差的绝对值不大于3°，例如不大于0.5°。其中，第一夹角为输入光束L0入射到第一滤波器件10的第一传播路径与第二光束L2从第一滤波器件10到第二滤波器件20的第二传播路径之间的夹角，第二夹角为第二传播路径与第一子光束L21从第二滤波器件20到第一滤波器件10的第三传播路径之间的夹角，第三夹角为第三传播路径与第二子光束L22经第一滤波器件10反射后的第四传播路径之间的夹角。
在该实施例中，第四夹角与第一至第三夹角中任一夹角之差的绝对值不大于3°，例如不大于0.5°。第四夹角为第一光束L1在反射器件31上的入射路径和反射路径之间的夹角。
在图6中，输入光束L0从第一端口81的第一光纤准直器91入射，并传播到第一滤波器件10。第一滤波器件10透射第一波段的光，从而将输入光束L0中的第一光束L1分离出来，并将第一光束L1传递至反射器件31，反射器件31将第一光束L1再次反射回第一滤波器件10。
第一滤波器件10反射第二波段光和第三波段的光，形成第二光束L2，并将第二光束L2传递至第二滤波器件20。第二滤波器件20透射第三波段的光，形成第二子光束L22，并将第二子光束L22经过第二光纤准直器92从一个第二端口82输出。第二滤波器件20反射第二波段的光，形成第一子光束L21，并将第一子光束L21反射至第一滤波器件10。
由于第一子光束L21为第二波段的光，第一滤波器件10再次反射该第一子光束L21，以及透射来自反射器件31的第一光束L1，从而将第一子光束L21与第一光束L1合为第一混合光束L1’，经过第二光纤准直器92从另一个第二端口82输出。
通过反射器件将第二子光束做反射折叠，使得第一光束和第一子光束的光程非常接近甚至相同，因此可以避免因光程差异带来的耦合损耗和相位差异，有利于进一步降低分波器的损耗。
并且，将第一滤波器件复用为合波组件的一部分，可以减少分波器所包含的光学器件的数量，有利于减小体积和降低成本。并且，光路结构简单，容易调制组装。
图7是本申请实施例提供的另一种分波器的结构示意图。如图7所示，该分波器与图6所示的分波器的区别在于，合波组件中反射器件31的结构不同。
图7中，反射器件31为反射棱镜。示例性地，该反射棱镜为三角形反射棱镜，该三角形反射棱镜的两个相连的表面均为反射面，连接在这两个反射面之间的一个表面同时作为入射面和出射面。该入射面与第一滤波器件的滤波面平行。
与反射镜相比，使用反射棱镜能够缩短第一滤波器件和反射器件之间的距离，有效压缩整个光路长度方向的尺寸，有利于器件的小型化。
图7所示滤波器对输出光束的分波过程参见图6相关内容，在此不再赘述。
图8是本申请实施例提供的另一种分波器的结构示意图。图8所示分波器与图4和图5所示分波器的不同之处在于合波组件不同。如图8所示，合波组件包括反射器件31和第三滤波器件32。反射器件31用于将来自第二滤波器件20的第一子光束L21反射至第三滤波器件32。第三滤波器件32用于透射来自第一滤波器件10的第一光束L1，以及反射来自反射镜的 第一子光束L21，以将第一光束L1和第一子光束L21合为第一混合光束L1’。
示例性地，该反射器件31为一个反射镜，该第三滤波器件32为带通型滤波器件，例如带通型滤波膜片。
在图8中，输入光束L0从第一端口81的第一光纤准直器91入射，并传播到第一滤波器件10。第一滤波器件10透射第一波段的光，从而将输入光束L0中的第一光束L1分离出来。第一滤波器件10反射第二波段光和第三波段的光，形成第二光束L2，并将第二光束L2传递至第二滤波器件20。第二滤波器件20透射第三波段的光，形成第二子光束L22，并将第二子光束L22经过第二光纤准直器92从一个第二端口82输出。第二滤波器件20反射第二波段的光，形成第一子光束L21，并将第一子光束L21反射至反射器件31，反射器件31将第一子光束L21导向第二滤波器件20，第二滤波器件20透射来自第一滤波器件10的第一光束L1，同时反射来自反射器件31的第一子光束L21，从而将第一子光束L21与第一光束L1合为第一混合光束L1’，经过第二光纤准直器92从另一个第二端口82输出。
第一滤波器件用于分波，第三滤波器件用于合波，分波和合波由两个器件实现，器件的位置和结构更灵活，有利于降低调试难度。
图9是本申请实施例提供的另一种分波器的结构示意图。图9所示分波器与图8所示分波器的不同之处在于合波组件不同。如图9所示，合波组件包括反射器件31和第四滤波器件33。反射器件31用于将来自第一滤波器件10的第一光束L1反射至第四滤波器件33。第四滤波器件33用于透射来自反射器件31的第一光束L1，以及反射来自第二滤波器件20的第一子光束L21，以将第一光束L1和第一子光束L21合为第一混合光束L1’。
示例性地，该反射器件31为一个反射镜。该第四滤波器件33为带通型滤波器件，例如带通型滤波膜片。
在图9中，输入光束L0从第一端口81的第一光纤准直器91入射，并传播到第一滤波器件10。第一滤波器件10透射第一波段的光，从而将输入光束L0中的第一光束L1分离出来并输出至反射器件31。反射器件31将第一光束L1反射至第四滤波器件33。
第一滤波器件10反射第二波段光和第三波段的光，形成第二光束L2，并将第二光束L2传递至第二滤波器件20。第二滤波器件20透射第三波段的光，形成第二子光束L22，并将第二子光束L22经过第二光纤准直器92从一个第二端口82输出。第二滤波器件20反射第二波段的光，形成第一子光束L21，并将第一子光束L21反射至第四滤波器件33。
该第四滤波器件33透射来自反射器件31的第一光束L1以及反射来自第二滤波器件20的第一子光束L21，从而将第一子光束L21与第一光束L1合为第一混合光束L1’，经过第二光纤准直器92从另一个第二端口82输出。
在该实施例中，第一光束从第一滤波器件到反射器件之间的传播路径、第一光束从反射器件到第四滤波器件的传播路径、第一子光束从第一滤波器件到第二滤波器件的传播路径以及第一子光束从第二滤波器件到第四滤波器件的传播路径呈平行四边形布置。这样，能够减小第二子光束和第一光束的光程差，进一步降低器件的光损耗。
在光通信系统中，隔离度是指对回返光(即反向传输的光)或者其他通道对应波长的光进行隔离，本申请实施例通过对需要隔离的光增加传输损耗来提高隔离度。
可选地，为了提高隔离度，本申请实施例提供的分波器还包括至少一个中间滤波器件，至少一个中间滤波器件用于以下至少一项：将来自第一滤波器第二光束导向第二滤波器，将来自第二滤波器件的第一子光束导向第四滤波器件，以及将来自第二滤波器件的第二子光束输出。
中间滤波器的位置和数量可以根据实际需要设置，只要能够满足设计的隔离度以及能够实现对对应子光束的导向即可。下面结合图10对中间滤波器的布置进行示例性说明。
图10是本申请实施例提供的又一种分波器的结构示意图。如图10所示，该分波器包括第一滤波器件10、第二滤波器件20、第四滤波器件33、反射器件31和三个中间滤波器件。第一滤波器件10、第二滤波器件20、第四滤波器件33和反射器件31的相关描述参见图9的相关内容。
这三个中间滤波器件分别为第一中间滤波器件41、第二中间滤波器件42和第三中间滤波器件43。第一中间滤波器件41位于第一滤波器件10输出的第二光束L2的传播路径上，用于将第二光束L2反射至第二滤波器件20。示例性地，第一中间滤波器件41为带通型滤波膜片。第二中间滤波器件42位于第二滤波器件20输出的第二子光束L22的传播路径上，用于透射第二子光束L22。示例性地，第二中间滤波器件42为边缘型滤波膜片。第三中间滤波器件43位于第二滤波器件20输出的第一子光束L21的传播路径上，用于将第一子光束L21反射至第四滤波器件33。示例性地，该第三中间滤波器件43为边缘型滤波膜片。
下面对图10所示分波器的分波过程进行详细说明。
在图10中，输入光束L0从第一端口81的第一光纤准直器91入射，并传播到第一滤波器件10。第一滤波器件10透射第一波段的光，从而将输入光束L0中的第一光束L1分离出来并输出至反射器件31。反射器件31将第一光束L1反射至第四滤波器件33。
第一滤波器件10反射第二波段光和第三波段的光，形成第二光束L2，并将第二光束L2传递至第一中间滤波器件41。第一中间滤波器件41反射第二光束L2，以使第二光束L2传播至第二滤波器件20。第二滤波器件20透射第三波段的光，形成第二子光束L22，并将第二子光束L22输出至第二中间滤波器件42，该第二中间滤波器件42透射第二子光束L22，使得第二子光束L22经过第二光纤准直器92从一个第二端口82输出。第二滤波器件20反射第二波段的光，形成第一子光束L21，并将第一子光束L21反射至第三中间滤波器件43，该第三中间滤波器件43将第一子光束L21反射至第四滤波器件33。
该第四滤波器件33透射来自反射器件31的第一光束L1以及反射来自第三中间滤波器件43的第一子光束L21，从而将第一子光束L21与第一光束L1合为第一混合光束L1’，经过第二光纤准直器92从另一个第二端口82输出。
该实施例中，第二光束L2、第一光束L1、第一子光束L21和第二子光束L22对应波段的光均经过了两个滤波膜片，使得隔离度显著提高。经测试，图10所示的实施例，隔离度能够达到30dB以上。
图11是本申请实施例提供的又一种分波器的结构示意图。如图11所示，该分波器在图9所示分波器的基础上增加了第五滤波器件50和第六滤波器件60。
第五滤波器件50用于将第一混合光束L1’分为第三光束L3和第四光束L4。第三光束L3为第一子波段的光，第四光束L4包括第二子波段的光和第三子波段的光。第一子波段位于第 二子波段和第三子波段之间。如前所述，第一混合光束L1’包括第一波段的光和第二波段的光，则第一子波段、第二子波段和第三子波段满足以下关系：第一子波段属于第二波段；第二子波段包括第一波段和第二波段中位于第一波段和第一子波段之间的部分；第三子波段属于第二波段。
第六滤波器件60用于将第四光束L4分为第三子光束L41和第四子光束L42，第三子光束L41为第二子波段的光，第二子光束L42为第三子波段的光。其中，第五滤波器件50的第三过渡波长范围的宽度小于第六滤波器件60的第四过渡波长范围的宽度，第一子波段与第四过渡波长范围至少部分重合。
示例性地，第一波段(第一光束L1对应的波段)为1521nm～1524nm。第二波段(第一子光束L21对应的波段)为1524nm～1627nm。第三波段(第二子光束L22对应的波段)为1476nm～1521nm。相应地，第二光束L2对应的波段包括1476nm～1521nm和1524nm～1627nm。第一混合光束L1’对应的波段包括1521nm～1524nm和1524nm～1627nm，即1521nm～1627nm。
第一子波段(第三光束L3对应的波段)为1572nm～1575nm。第二子波段(第四子光束L42对应的波段)包括1521nm～1524nm和1524nm～1572nm，即1521nm～1572nm。第三子波段(第三子光束L41对应的波段)为1575nm～1627nm。相应地，第四光束L4对应的波段包括1524nm～1572nm和1575nm～1627nm。第一混合光束L1’对应的波段包括1572nm～1575nm和1575nm～1627nm，即1572nm～1627nm。
示例性地，第五滤波器件50为带通型滤波器件，例如带通型滤波膜片。第六滤波器件60为边缘型滤波器件，例如边缘型滤波膜片。
可选地，该分波器还包括另一合波组件70，该另一合波组件70用于将第三光束L3和第三子光束L41合为第二混合光束L2’。
示例性地，该另一合波组件70包括另一反射器件71和第七滤波器件72，该另一反射器件71用于将来自第五滤波器件50的第三光束L3反射至第七滤波器件72。该第七滤波器件72用于透射第三光束L3以及反射来自第六滤波器件60的第三子光束L41，以将第三光束L3和第三子光束L41合为第二混合光束L2’。
示例性地，第七滤波器件72为带通型滤波器件，例如带通型滤波膜片。
下面对图11所示的分波器的这个分波过程进行说明。
在图11中，输入光束L0从第一端口81的第一光纤准直器91入射，并传播到第一滤波器件10。第一滤波器件10透射第一波段的光，从而将输入光束L0中的第一光束L1分离出来并输出至反射器件31。反射器件31将接收到的第一光束L1反射至第四滤波器件33。
第一滤波器件10反射第二波段光和第三波段的光，形成第二光束L2，并将第二光束L2传递至第二滤波器件20。第二滤波器件20透射第三波段的光，形成第二子光束L22，并将第二子光束L22从一个第二端口82输出。第二滤波器件20反射第二波段的光，形成第一子光束L21，并将第一子光束L21反射至第四滤波器件33。
该第四滤波器件33透射来自反射器件31的第一光束L1以及反射来自第二滤波器件20的第一子光束L21，从而将第一子光束L21与第一光束L1合为第一混合光束L1’，并将第一混合光束L1’传播至第五滤波器件50。
第五滤波器件50透射第一子波段的光，从而将第一混合光束L1’中的第三光束L3分离出来并输出至反射器件71。反射器件71将接收到的第三光束L3反射至第七滤波器件72。
第五滤波器件50反射第二子波段的光和第三子波段的光，形成第四光束L4，并将第四光束传递至第六滤波器件60。第六滤波器件60透射第三子波段的光，形成第四子光束L42，并将第四子光束L42从一个第二端口82输出。第六滤波器件60反射第二子波段的光，形成第三子光束L41，并将第三子光束L41反射至第七滤波器件72。
该第七滤波器件33透射来自反射器件71的第三光束L3以及反射来自第六滤波器件60的第三子光束L41，从而将第三子光束L41与第三光束L3合为第二混合光束L2’，并将第二混合光束L2’从又一第二端口82输出。
该实施例中，从三个第二端口82分别输出第二子光束L22、第四子光束L42和第二混合光束L2’，且第二子光束L22、第四子光束L42和第二混合光束L2’分别对应不同波段的光。因此，该实施例提供的分波器可以实现三个波段的分离。
需要说明的是，在图4、图5、图8和图10所示实施例中，一个第二端口82与第一端口81在同一侧，另一个第二端口82在第一端口81的对侧，在图6、图7和图9所示实施例中，两个第二端口82均与第一端口81在同一侧。当第一端口81和第二端口82在同一侧时，可以实现同方向出光纤，使得分波器的体积可以大幅度缩小。
此外，在图6、图7和图9所示实施例中，第一光纤准直器91和第二光纤准直器92相互独立设置。
在另一些示例中，当第一端口81和第二端口82在同一侧时，第一光纤准直器91和第二光纤准直器92可以用准直器阵列集成在一起，以进一步减小分波器的体积。
此外，在图1、图4至图11所示的实施例中，分波器内部的各个光学器件之间都是以空间光路的形式传播光束。在其他实施例中，分波器内部的光学器件之间还可以通过级联的方式传播光束，例如图12所示分波器。
图12是本申请实施例提供的又一种分波器的结构示意图。如图12所示，该分波器包括第一滤波器件10和第二滤波器件20。第一滤波器件10和第二滤波器件20均为三端口波分复用(wavelength division multiplexing，WDM)器件。第一滤波器件10为带通型滤波器件，基于带通型滤波膜片制备。第二滤波器件20为边缘型滤波器件，基于边缘型滤波膜片制备。第一滤波器件和第二滤波器件的作用参见图1相关实施例，在此省略详细描述。
如图12所示，第一滤波器件10包括外壳11、第一管体12、第一光纤接头13、准直透镜14、带通型滤波膜片15、第二管体16、准直透镜17和第二光纤接头18。其中，第一光纤接头13为双光纤接头，包括公共端接头和反射端接头。第一光纤接头13和准直透镜14位于第一管体12内。第一光纤接头13位于准直透镜14的一端，且与准直透镜14之间具有空气隙。带通型滤波膜片15固定在准直透镜14的另一端。准直透镜17和第二光纤接头18位于第二管体16中且与第二光纤接头18之间具有空气隙。准直透镜17与带通型滤波膜片15相对。第二光纤接头18为单光纤接头。
示例性地，外壳11为玻璃管或金属管等。准直透镜14为传统透镜(conventional lens，C-lens)(又称为球面透镜或C透镜)或梯析(梯折)(Gradient-index，GRIN)透镜(又称为自聚焦透镜和G透镜)。
第二滤波器件20的结构与第一滤波器件的结构基本相同，只需要将带通型滤波膜片15 替换为边缘型滤波膜片即可。
第一滤波器件10的第一光纤接头13的反射端接头与第二滤波器件20的第一光纤接头13的公共端接头通过光纤连接。输入光束从第一滤波器件10的第一光纤接头13的公共端接头入射，带通型滤波膜片15将输入光束分为第一光束和第二光束。第一光束透过带通型滤波膜片15，经过准直透镜17后通过第二光纤接头18输出。
第二光束从第一滤波器件10的第一光纤接头13的反射端接头和第二滤波器件20的第一光纤接头13的公共端接头入射至第二滤波器件20。第二滤波器件20的边缘型滤波膜片将第二光束分为第一子光束和第二子光束，第一子光束从第二滤波器件20的第二光纤接头输出，第二子光束从第二滤波器件20的第一光纤接头的反射端输出。
可选地，如图12所示，该分波器还包括第三滤波器件32，第三滤波器件32的结构与第一滤波器件10的结构相同。第三滤波器件32的第一光纤接头中的反射端接头与第二滤波器件20的第二光纤接头通过光纤连接，接收第二滤波器件20的第二光纤接头输出的第二子光束。第三滤波器件32的第二光纤接头与第一滤波器件10的第二光纤接头连接，接收第一滤波器件10的第二光纤接头输出的第一子光束。第三滤波器件32的带通型滤波膜片将第一子光束和第一光束合为第一混合光束后从的第三滤波器件32的第一光纤接头的公共端接头输出。
图4至图12所示实施例均以合波组件将第一子光束L21和第一光束L1合为第一混合光束L1’为例进行了说明。可替代地，在其他实施例中，例如图13和图14所示实施例中，合波组件将第二子光束和第一光束合为第一混合光束。
图13是本申请实施例提供的又一种分波器的结构示意图。图14是本申请实施例提供的再一种分波器的结构示意图。如图13和图14所示，合波组件包括第一反射器件31a、第二反射器件31b和第八滤波器件34。第一反射器件31a用于将来自第一滤波器件10的第一光束L1反射至第八滤波器件34。第二反射器件31b用于将来自第二滤波器件20的第二子光束L22反射至第八滤波器件34。第八滤波器件34用于透射来自第一反射器件31a的第一光束L1，以及反射来自第二反射器件31b的第二子光束，以将第一光束L1和第二子光束L22合为第一混合光束L1’。
示例性地，第一反射器件31a和第二反射器件31b均为反射镜。第八滤波器件34为带通型滤波器件，例如带通型滤波膜片。
需要说明的是，图13在图5的基础上通过调整反射器件的位置以及增加滤波器件得到，图14在图9的基础上通过增加反射器件以及调整滤波器件的位置得到。对于图4-图11所示的分波器，均可以通过以下方式中的至少一种将合波组件变化为将第二子光束和第一光束合为第一混合光束：改变反射器件的数量和/或位置；以及改变滤波器件的数量和/或位置等。
图15是本申请实施例提供的一种合波器的结构示意图。如图15所示，该合波器包括第一滤波器件10和第二滤波器件20。第二滤波器件20用于将第一子光束L21和第二子光束L22合为第二光束来，第一子光束L21为第二波段的光，第二子光束L22为第三波段的光。第一滤波器件10用于第一光束L1和第二光束L2合为输出光束L0，第一光束L1为第一波段的光，第一波段位于第二波段和第三波段之间。其中，第一滤波器件10的第一过渡波长范围的宽度小于第二滤波器件20的第二过渡波长范围的宽度，第一波段与第二过渡波长范围至 少部分重合。
图16是本申请实施例提供的另一种合波器的结构示意图。如图16所示，该合波器包括第一滤波器件10、第二滤波器件20和分波组件。第一滤波器件10和第二滤波器件20的相关描述参见图15的相关内容。分波组件用于接收第一混合光束L1’，以及将第一混合光束L1’分为第一光束L1与第一子光束L21。
由于第一混合光束L1’中包含第一波段的光，而第一波段与第二滤波器件20的第二过渡波长范围至少部分重合。如果直接将第一混合光束L1’与第二子光束L22输入第二滤波器件20进行合波，则第一波段中与第二过渡波长范围重合的部分将被损耗掉。本申请实施例中，先通过分波组件将将第一波段的光(即第一光束L1)从第一混合光束L1’中分离出来，然后再将剩下的第一子光束L21与第二子光束L22通过第二滤波器件20合为第二光束L2，最后再通过第一滤波器件10将第一光束L1和第二光束L2合为输出光束L0输出。这样，与第一波段重合的第二波长范围内的光仍然能够通过该分波器，进而可以被利用，因此提高了光波段的利用率。
示例性地，分波组件包括反射器件31和第一滤波器件10。第一滤波器件10还用于将第一混合光束L1’分为第一光束L1与第一子光束L21，以及将第一子光束L21反射至反射器件31；反射器件31用于将第一子光束L21反射至第二滤波器件20，以供第二滤波器件20将接收到的第一子光束L21和第二子光束L22合为第二光束L2。
在一些示例中，第一混合光束L1’是基于前述图4至图12任一幅提供的分波器输出的第一混合光束L1’得到的，例如是将前述分波器输出的第一混合光束L1’进行功率放大后得到的。
下面对图16所示的合波器的合波过程进行详细说明。
在图16中，第一滤波器件10从一个第二端口接收到第一混合光束L1’，透射第一波段的光以及反射第一子波段的光，从而将第一混合光束L1’分为第一光束L1(第一波段的光)和第一子光束L21(第一子波段的光)。第一滤波器件10将第一子光束L21传播至反射器件31，反射器件31将来自第一滤波器件10的第一子光束L21反射至第二滤波器件20，第二滤波器件20反射来自第一滤波器件10的第一子光束L21，以及透射来自另一个第二端口的第二子光束L22，从而将第一子光束L21和第二子光束L22合为第二光束L2，然后将第二光束L2输出至第一滤波器件10。该第一滤波器件10反射来自第二滤波器件20的第二光束L2，并将该第二光束L2与第一光束L1合为输出光束L0后从第一端口输出。
需要说明的是，图16所示的合波器与图4所示的分波器的器件结构相同，图16所示合波器的合波过程是图4所示分波器的分波过程的逆过程。
图17是本申请实施例提供的又一种合波器的结构示意图。图17所示的合波器与图16所示的合波器的区别在于反射器件31的结构不同以及器件相对位置不同。图17所示的合波器的合波过程参见图16相关内容，在此不再详细描述。
此外，需要说明的是，图17所示的合波器与图5所示的分波器的器件结构相同，图17所示合波器的合波过程是图5所示分波器的分波过程的逆过程。
图18是本申请实施例提供的又一种合波器的结构示意图。与图16和图17所示的合波器的不同之处在于分波组件的结构不同。如图18所示，该分波组件包括反射器件31和第一滤 波器件10。第一滤波器件10还用于将第一混合光束L1’分为第一光束L1与第一子光束L21，将第一光束L1导向反射器件31以及将第一子光束L21反射至第二滤波器件20。反射器件31用于将第一光束L1反射至第一滤波器件10，第一滤波器件10透射来自反射器件31的第一光束L1。
示例性地，反射镜和第一滤波器件10被配置为使得第一夹角、第二夹角和第三夹角中任意两个夹角之差的绝对值不大于3°，例如不大于0.5°。其中，第一夹角为输出光束L0的第一传播路径与第二光束L2从第二滤波器件20到第一滤波器件10的第二传播路径之间的夹角，第二夹角为第二传播路径与第一子光束L21从第一滤波器件10到第二滤波器件20的第三传播路径之间的夹角，第三夹角为第三传播路径与第一混合光束L1’入射到第一滤波器件10的第四传播路径之间的夹角。
下面对图18所示的合波器的合波过程进行详细说明。
在图18中，第一滤波器件10从一个第二端口接收到第一混合光束L1’，透射第一波段的光以及反射第一子波段的光，从而将第一混合光束L1’分为第一光束L1(第一波段的光)和第一子光束L21(第一子波段的光)。第一滤波器件10将分离出的第一光束L1透射至反射器件31，反射器件31将来自第一滤波器件10的第一光束L1反射回该第一滤波器件10，第一滤波器件10透射来自发射器件的第一光束L1。
第一滤波器件10还将分离出的第一子光束L21反射至第二滤波器件20，第二滤波器件20反射来自第一滤波器件10的第一子光束L21，以及透射来自另一个第二端口的第二子光束L22，从而将第一子光束L21和第二子光束L22合为第二光束L2，然后将第二光束L2输出至第一滤波器件10。该第一滤波器件10反射来自第二滤波器件20的第二光束L2，并将该第二光束L2与来自反射器件31的第一光束L1合为输出光束L0后从第一端口输出。
此外，需要说明的是，图18所示的合波器与图6所示的分波器的器件结构相同，图18所示合波器的合波过程是图6所示分波器的分波过程的逆过程。
图19是本申请实施例提供的又一种合波器的结构示意图。图19所示合波器与图18所示合波器的区别在于，反射器件31不同。在图19中，反射器件31为反射棱镜。图19中合波器的合波过程参见图18的相关内容。
此外，需要说明的是，图19所示的合波器与图7所示的分波器的器件结构相同，图19所示合波器的合波过程是图7所示分波器的分波过程的逆过程。
图20是本申请实施例提供的又一种合波器的结构示意图。图20所示合波器与图16和图17所示分波器的不同之处在于分波组件不同。如图20所示，该分波组件包括反射器件31和第三滤波器件。第三滤波器件用于将第一混合光束L1’分为第一光束L1与第一子光束L21，将第一光束L1导向第一滤波器件10以及将第一子光束L21导向反射器件31。反射器件31用于将来自第三滤波器件的第一子光束L21反射至第二滤波器件20。
下面对图20所示的合波器的合波过程进行详细说明。
在图20中，第四滤波器件从一个第二端口接收到第一混合光束L1’，透射第一波段的光以及反射第一子波段的光，从而将第一混合光束L1’分为第一光束L1(第一波段的光)和第一子光束L21(第一子波段的光)。第四滤波器件将第一光束L1导向第一滤波器件10，并将 第一子光束L21导向反射器件31。反射器件31将来自第四滤波器件的第一子光束L21反射至第二滤波器件20，第二滤波器件20反射来自反射器件31的第一子光束L21，以及透射来自另一个第二端口的第二子光束L22，从而将第一子光束L21和第二子光束L22合为第二光束L2，并将第二光束L2输出至第一滤波器件10。该第一滤波器件10反射来自第二滤波器件20的第二光束L2，以及透射来自第四滤波器件的第一光束L1，从而将该第二光束L2与第一光束L1合为输出光束L0后从第一端口输出。
需要说明的是，图20所示的合波器与图8所示的分波器的器件结构相同，图20所示合波器的合波过程是图8所示分波器的分波过程的逆过程。
图21是本申请实施例提供的又一种合波器的结构示意图。图21所示合波器与图20所示分波器的不同之处在于分波组件不同。如图21所示，该分波组件包括反射镜和第四滤波器件，第四滤波器件用于将第一混合光束L1’分为第一光束L1和第一子光束L21，将第一光束L1导向反射器件31，以及将第一子光束L21导向第二滤波器件20；反射器件31用于将来自第四滤波器件的第一光束L1反射至第一滤波器件10。
示例性地，所述第一光束L1从所述第四滤波器件到所述反射器件31之间的传播路径、所述第一光束L1从所述反射器件31到所述第一滤波器件10的传播路径、所述第一子光束L21从所述第四滤波器件到所述第二滤波器件20的传播路径以及所述第一子光束L21从所述第二滤波器件20到所述第一滤波器件10的传播路径呈平行四边形布置。
在图21中，第四滤波器件从一个第二端口接收到第一混合光束L1’，透射第一波段的光以及反射第一子波段的光，从而将第一混合光束L1’分为第一光束L1(第一波段的光)和第一子光束L21(第一子波段的光)。第四滤波器件将第一光束L1透射至反射器件31，反射器件31将来自第四滤波器件的第一光束L1反射至第一滤波器件10，第一滤波器件10透射来自发射器件的第一光束L1。
第四滤波器件还将第一子光束L21反射至第二滤波器件20，第二滤波器件20反射来自第四滤波器件的第一子光束L21，以及透射来自另一个第二端口的第二子光束L22，从而将第一子光束L21和第二子光束L22合为第二光束L2，并将第二光束L2输出至第一滤波器件10。该第一滤波器件10反射来自第二滤波器件20的第二光束L2，并将该第二光束L2与来自反射器件31的第一光束L1合为输出光束L0后从第一端口输出。
需要说明的是，图21所示的合波器与图9所示的分波器的器件结构相同，图21所示合波器的合波过程是图9所示分波器的分波过程的逆过程。
在一些示例中，为了提高器件的隔离度，合波器还包括至少一个中间滤波器件，至少一个中间滤波器件用于实现以下至少一项：将来自第四滤波器件的第一子光束L21导向第二滤波器件20，将来自第二滤波器件20的第一子光束L21导向第一滤波器件10，以及将第二子光束L22导向第二滤波器件20。该至少一个中间滤波器件包括边缘型滤波器件和带通型滤波器件中的至少一种。
图22是本申请实施例提供的又一种合波器的结构示意图。如图22所示，该合波器包括第一滤波器件10、第二滤波器件20、第四滤波器件、反射镜和三个中间滤波器件。这三个中间滤波器件分别为第一中间滤波器件、第二中间滤波器件和第三中间滤波器件。第一中间滤 波器件位于第二滤波器件20输出的第二光束L2的传播路径上，用于将第二光束L2反射至第一滤波器件10。第二中间滤波器件位于第二子光束L22传播至第二滤波器件20的传播路径上，用于透射第二子光束L22。第三中间滤波器件位于第四滤波器件输出的第一子光束L21的传播路径上，用于将第一子光束L21反射至第二滤波器件20。
图22所示的合波器的合波过程与图21所示合波器的合波过程类似，在此不再详细描述。需要说明的是，图22所示的合波器与图10所示的分波器的器件结构相同，图22所示合波器的合波过程是图10所示分波器的分波过程的逆过程。
图23是本申请实施例提供的又一种合波器的结构示意图。如图23所示，该合波器与图11所示的分波器的器件结构相同，图23所示合波器的合波过程是图11所示分波器的分波过程的逆过程，在此不再详细描述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种合波器，该合波器的结构与图12所示的分波器的结构相同，合波过程为图12所示分波器的分波过程的逆过程，在此不再详细描述。
可替代地，在一些示例中，分波组件可用于接收第一混合光束，以及将所述第一混合光束分为所述第一光束与所述第二子光束。例如图24和图25所示实施例。
图24和图25分别是本申请实施例提供的又一种合波器的结构示意图。如图24和25所示，分波组件包括第一反射器件31a、第二反射器件31b和第八滤波器件34。
第八滤波器件34用于接收第一混合光束L1’，将第一混合光束L1’分为第一光束L1和第二子光束L22，将第一光束L1导向第一反射器件31a，以及将第二子光束L22导向第二反射器件31b。第一反射器件31a用于将来自第八滤波器件34的第一光束L1反射至第一滤波器件10。第二反射器件31b用于将来自第八滤波器件34的第二子光束L22导向第二滤波器件20。
需要说明的是，图24所示的合波器与图13所示的分波器的器件结构相同，图24所示合波器的合波过程是图13所示分波器的分波过程的逆过程，在此不再详细描述。图25所示的合波器与图14所示的分波器的器件结构相同，图25所示合波器的合波过程是图14所示分波器的分波过程的逆过程，在此不再详细描述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种光通信装置。如图26所示，该通信装置包括分波单元和合波单元，分波单元包括至少一个前述任一种分波器1，合波单元包括前述任一种合波器2，合波单元用于对分波单元输出的多个光束进行合波。
在一些示例中，合波单元和分波单元之间还具有其他光通信装置，例如，光放大器(optical amplifier，OA)等。OA用于对对应波段的光的功率进行放大。在这种情况下，分波单元输出的多个光束经过其他光通信装置处理，合波单元再对处理后的光束进行合波。
由于本申请实施例提供的分波器1适用于分离不同的波段，例如图26中，将波段1和波段2分离，因此可以被称为光波段分波器。同样地，合波器也可以被称为光波段合波器。
示例性地，该通信装置适用于宽谱光通信系统，例如C波段+L波段、S波段+C波段+L波段和S波段+C波段等。
本申请实施例还提供了一种光通信装置。该光通信装置包括多个合波器。这多个合波器 分为至少两级，第一级中的每个合波器的两个第二端口分别连接一个激光器或者分别连接一个光放大器。非第一级中的合波器的两个第二端口分别连接上一级的两个合波器的第一端口，或者，连接上一级的一个合波器的第一端口和前N级的一个合波器的第一端口，N为大于1的整数。该合波器可以为前述合波器中的任一种。该通信装置适用于对密集的窄带波束进行合束的场景，这些窄带波束对应不同光波段，可以由激光器或放大器提供。
图27为本申请实施例提供的光通信装置的结构示意图。如图27所示，该通信装置包括三个合波器2，这三个合波器分为两级。第一级包括两个合波器2，每个合波器2的第二端口分别连接一个激光器，第二级中的合波器2的两个第二端口分别与第一级中的两个合波器2的第一端口连接。
示例性地，每个激光器的波段覆盖为12nm，4个激光器的波段共覆盖48nm。例如，激光器1的波段为1524nm～1536nm，激光器2的波段为1536nm～1548nm，激光器3的波段为1548nm～1560nm，激光器4的波段为1560nm～1572nm。如果使用边缘型滤波器件作为合波器进行合波，每个合波器带来的损耗为3nm，则最终会损失9nm的带宽。而采用本申请实施例提供的合波器，每个合波器带来的损耗不超过1nm，则最终会损失不超过3nm的带宽，极大提升了光通信系统的光波段利用率。
需要说明的是，图27中的激光器也可以替换为其他光通信装置，例如光放大器等。
除非另作定义，此处使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开专利申请说明书以及权利要求书中使用的“第一”、“第二”、“第三”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样，“一个”或者“一”等类似词语也不表示数量限制，而是表示存在至少一个。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现在“包括”或者“包含”前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在“包括”或者“包含”后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，并不排除其他元件或者物件。“A和/或B”表示存在以下三种情况：A、B、以及A和B。
以上仅为本申请一个实施例，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种分波器，其特征在于，包括：第一滤波器件(10)和第二滤波器件(20)；
    所述第一滤波器件(10)用于将输入光束(L0)分为第一光束(L1)和第二光束(L2)，所述第一光束(L1)为第一波段的光，所述第二光束(L2)包括第二波段的光和第三波段的光，所述第一波段位于所述第二波段和所述第三波段之间；
    所述第二滤波器件(20)用于将所述第二光束(L2)分为第一子光束(L21)和第二子光束(L22)，所述第一子光束(L21)为所述第二波段的光，所述第二子光束(L22)为所述第三波段的光；
    其中，所述第一滤波器件(10)的第一过渡波长范围的宽度小于所述第二滤波器件(20)的第二过渡波长范围的宽度，所述第一波段与所述第二过渡波长范围至少部分重合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的分波器，其特征在于，所述第一波段为所述第二过渡波长范围的一部分，且所述第一波段的宽度与所述第一过渡波长范围的宽度之和等于所述第二过渡波长范围的宽度；或者，
    所述第一波段与所述第二过渡波长范围完全重合；或者，
    所述第一波段包括所述第二过渡波长范围。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的分波器，其特征在于，所述第一滤波器件(10)为带通型滤波器件，所述带通型滤波器件用于透射所述第一波段的光，得到所述第一光束(L1)，以及反射所述第二波段的光和所述第三波段的光，得到所述第二光束(L2)。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的分波器，其特征在于，所述第二滤波器件(20)为边缘型滤波器件，所述边缘型滤波器件用于反射所述第二波段的光，得到所述第一子光束(L21)，以及透射所述第三波段的光，得到所述第二子光束(L22)。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的分波器，其特征在于，所述分波器还包括：合波组件(30)，所述合波组件(30)用于将所述第一光束(L1)与所述第一子光束(L21)合为第一混合光束(L1’)，或者，所述合波组件(30)用于将所述第一光束(L1)与所述第二子光束(L22)合为第二混合光束(L2’)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的分波器，其特征在于，所述合波组件(30)包括反射器件(31)；
    所述反射器件(31)用于将所述第一子光束(L21)反射至所述第一滤波器件(10)；
    所述第一滤波器件(10)还用于反射来自所述反射器件(31)的所述第一子光束(L21)，以将所述第一子光束(L21)与所述第一光束(L1)合为所述第一混合光束(L1’)。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的分波器，其特征在于，所述合波组件(30)包括反射器件(31)；
    所述反射器件(31)用于将所述第一光束(L1)反射至所述第一滤波器件(10)；
    所述第一滤波器件(10)还用于透射来自所述反射器件(31)的所述第一光束(L1)以及反射来自所述第二滤波器件(20)的所述第一子光束(L21)，以将所述第一子光束(L21)与所述第一光束(L1)合为所述第一混合光束(L1’)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的分波器，其特征在于，所述反射器件(31)和所述第一滤波器件(10)被配置为使得第一夹角、第二夹角和第三夹角中任意两个夹角之差的绝对值不大于3°；
    其中，第一夹角为第一传播路径和第二传播路径之间的夹角，所述第一传播路径为所述输入光束(L0)入射到所述第一滤波器件(10)的路径，所述第二传播路径为所述第二光束(L2)从所述第一滤波器件(10)到所述第二滤波器件(20)的路径；
    所述第二夹角为所述第二传播路径与第三传播路径之间的夹角，所述第三传播路径为所述第一子光束(L21)从所述第二滤波器件(20)到所述第一滤波器件(10)的路径；
    所述第三夹角为所述第三传播路径与第四传播路径之间的夹角，所述第四传播路径为所述第二子光束(L22)经所述第一滤波器件(10)反射后的路径。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的分波器，其特征在于，所述合波组件(30)包括反射器件(31)和第三滤波器件(32)，所述反射器件(31)用于将来自所述第二滤波器件(20)的所述第一子光束(L21)反射至所述第三滤波器件(32)；
    所述第三滤波器件(32)用于透射来自所述第一滤波器件(10)的所述第一光束(L1)，以及反射来自所述反射器件(31)的所述第一子光束(L21)，以将所述第一光束(L1)和所述第一子光束(L21)合为所述第一混合光束(L1’)。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的分波器，其特征在于，所述合波组件包括反射器件(31)和第四滤波器件(33)，所述反射器件(31)用于将来自所述第一滤波器件(10)的所述第一光束(L1)反射至所述第四滤波器件(33)；
    所述第四滤波器件(33)用于透射来自所述反射器件(31)的所述第一光束(L1)，以及反射来自所述第二滤波器件(20)的所述第一子光束(L21)，以将所述第一光束(L1)和所述第一子光束(L21)合为所述第一混合光束(L1’)。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的分波器，其特征在于，所述第一光束(L1)从所述第一滤波器件(10)到所述反射器件(31)之间的传播路径、所述第一光束(L1)从所述反射器件(31)到所述第四滤波器件(33)的传播路径、所述第一子光束(L21)从所述第一滤波器件(10)到所述第二滤波器件(20)的传播路径以及所述第一子光束(L21)从所述第二滤波器件(20)到所述第四滤波器件(33)的传播路径呈平行四边形布置。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的分波器，其特征在于，所述分波器还包括至少一个中间滤波器件(41、42、43)，所述至少一个中间滤波器件(41、42、43)用于以下至少一项：将来自所述第一滤波器(10)的所述第二光束(L2)导向所述第二滤波器(20)，将来自所述第二滤波器件(20)的所述第一子光束(L21)导向所述第四滤波器件(33)，以及将来自所述第二 滤波器件(20)的所述第二子光束(L22)输出。
  13. 根据权利要求5至12任一项所述的分波器，其特征在于，所述分波器还包括：第五滤波器件(50)和第六滤波器件(60)；
    所述第五滤波器件(50)用于将所述第一混合光束(L1’)分为第三光束(L3)和第四光束(L4)，所述第三光束(L3)为第一子波段的光，所述第四光束(L4)包括第二子波段的光和第三子波段的光，所述第一子波段位于所述第二子波段和所述第三子波段之间；
    所述第六滤波器件(60)用于将所述第四光束(L4)分为第三子光束(L41)和第四子光束(L42)，所述第三子光束(L41)为所述第二子波段的光，所述第四子光束(L42)为所述第三子波段的光；
    其中，所述第五滤波器件(60)的第三过渡波长范围的宽度小于所述第六滤波器件(60)的第四过渡波长范围的宽度，所述第一子波段与所述第四过渡波长范围至少部分重合。
  14. 根据权利要求6至12任一项所述的分波器，其特征在于，所述反射器件(31)为反射棱镜，或者，所述反射器件(31)为一个反射镜或者为至少两个反射镜的组合。
  15. 一种合波器，其特征在于，包括：第一滤波器件(10)和第一滤波器件(20)；
    所述第一滤波器件(20)用于将第一子光束(L21)和第二子光束(L22)合为第二光束(L2)，所述第一子光束(L21)为第二波段的光，所述第二子光束(L22)为第三波段的光；
    所述第一滤波器件(10)用于将第一光束(L1)和所述第二光束(L2)合为输出光束，所述第一光束(L1)为第一波段的光，所述第一波段位于所述第二波段和所述第三波段之间；
    其中，所述第一滤波器件(10)的第一过渡波长范围的宽度小于所述第一滤波器件(20)的第二过渡波长范围的宽度，所述第一波段与所述第二过渡波长范围至少部分重合。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的合波器，其特征在于，所述第一波段为所述第二过渡波长范围的一部分，且所述第一波段的宽度与所述第一过渡波长范围的宽度之和等于所述第二过渡波长范围的宽度；或者，
    所述第一波段与所述第二过渡波长范围完全重合；或者，
    所述第一波段包括所述第二过渡波长范围。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的合波器，其特征在于，所述第一滤波器件(10)为带通型滤波器件，所述带通型滤波器件用于透射所述第一光束(L1)，以及反射所述第二光束(L2)，以将所述第一光束(L1)和所述第二光束(L2)合为所述输出光束。
  18. 根据权利要求15至17任一项所述的合波器，其特征在于，所述第一滤波器件(20)为边缘型滤波器件，所述边缘型滤波器件用于透射所述第二子光束(L22)，以及反射所述第一子光束(L21)，以将所述第一子光束(L21)和所述第二子光束(L22)合为所述第二光束(L2)。
  19. 根据权利要求15至18任一项所述的合波器，其特征在于，所述合波器还包括：分波组件(30)，所述分波组件(30)用于接收第一混合光束(L1’)，以及将所述第一混合光束(L1’)分为所述第一光束(L1)与所述第一子光束(L21)。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的合波器，其特征在于，所述分波组件(30)包括反射器件(31)；
    所述第一滤波器件(10)还用于将所述第一混合光束(L1’)分为所述第一光束(L1)与所述第一子光束(L21)，以及将所述第一子光束(L21)反射至所述反射器件(31)；
    所述反射器件(31)用于将所述第一子光束(L21)反射至所述第一滤波器件(20)。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的合波器，其特征在于，所述分波组件(30)包括反射器件(31)；
    所述第一滤波器件(10)还用于将所述第一混合光束(L1’)分为所述第一光束(L1)与所述第一子光束(L21)，以及将所述第一光束(L1)透射至所述反射器件(31)；
    所述反射器件(31)用于将来自所述第一滤波器件(10)的所述第一光束(L1)反射回所述第一滤波器件(10)；
    所述第一滤波器件(10)还用于透射来自所述反射器件(31)的所述第一光束(L1)。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的合波器，其特征在于，所述反射器件(31)和所述第一滤波器件(10)被配置为使得第一夹角、第二夹角和第三夹角中任意两个夹角之差的绝对值不大于3°；
    其中，第一夹角为第一传播路径和第二传播路径之间的夹角，所述第一传播路径为所述输出光束从所述第一滤波器件(10)出射的路径，所述第二传播路径为所述第二光束(L2)从所述第一滤波器件(20)到所述第一滤波器件(10)的路径；
    所述第二夹角为所述第二传播路径与第三传播路径之间的夹角，所述第三传播路径为所述第一子光束(L21)从所述第一滤波器件(10)到所述第一滤波器件(20)的路径；
    所述第三夹角为所述第三传播路径与第四传播路径之间的夹角，所述第四传播路径为所述第一混合光束(L1’)入射到所述第一滤波器件(10)的路径。
  23. 根据权利要求19所述的合波器，其特征在于，所述分波组件(30)包括反射器件(31)和第三滤波器件(32)，
    所述第三滤波器件(32)用于将所述第一混合光束(L1’)分为所述第一光束(L1)和所述第一子光束(L21)，将所述第一光束(L1)导向所述第一滤波器件(10)，以及将所述第一子光束(L21)导向所述反射器件(31)；
    所述反射器件(31)用于将来自所述第三滤波器件(32)的所述第一子光束(L21)反射至所述第一滤波器件(20)。
  24. 根据权利要求19所述的合波器，其特征在于，所述分波组件(30)包括反射器件(31)和第四滤波器件(33)；
    所述第四滤波器件(33)用于将所述第一混合光束(L1’)分为所述第一光束(L1)和所述第一子光束(L21)，将所述第一光束(L1)导向所述反射器件(31)，以及将所述第一子 光束(L21)导向所述第一滤波器件(20)；
    所述反射器件(31)用于将来自所述第四滤波器件(33)的所述第一光束(L1)反射至所述第一滤波器件(10)。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的合波器，其特征在于，所述第一光束(L1)从所述第四滤波器件(33)到所述反射器件(31)之间的传播路径、所述第一光束(L1)从所述反射器件(31)到所述第一滤波器件(10)的传播路径、所述第一子光束(L21)从所述第四滤波器件(33)到所述第一滤波器件(20)的传播路径以及所述第一子光束(L21)从所述第一滤波器件(20)到所述第一滤波器件(10)的传播路径呈平行四边形布置。
  26. 根据权利要求24所述的合波器，其特征在于，所述合波器还包括至少一个中间滤波器件(40)，所述至少一个中间滤波器件(40)用于实现以下至少一项：将来自所述第四滤波器件(33)的所述第一子光束(L21)导向所述第一滤波器件(20)，将来自所述第一滤波器件(20)的第一子光束(L21)导向所述第一滤波器件(10)，以及将所述第二子光束(L22)导向所述第一滤波器件(20)。
  27. 根据权利要求19至26任一项所述的合波器，其特征在于，所述合波器还包括第五滤波器件(50)和第六滤波器件(60)；
    所述第六滤波器件(60)用于将第三子光束(L41)和第四子光束(L42)合为第四光束(L4)，所述第三子光束(L41)为第二子波段的光，所述第四子光束(L42)为第三子波段的光；
    所述第五滤波器件(50)用于将第三光束(L3)与所述第四光束(L4)合为所述第一混合光束(L1’)，所述第三光束(L3)为第一子波段的光；
    其中，所述第五滤波器件(50)的第三过渡波长范围的宽度小于所述第六滤波器件(60)的第四过渡波长范围的宽度，所述第一子波段与所述第四过渡波长范围至少部分重合。
  28. 根据权利要求20至26任一项所述的合波器，其特征在于，所述反射器件(31)为反射棱镜，或者，所述反射器件(31)为一个反射镜或者为至少两个反射镜的组合。
  29. 一种光通信装置，其特征在于，包括分波单元和合波单元，所述分波单元包括至少一个如权利要求1至14任一项所述的分波器，所述合波单元包括至少一个如权利要求15至28任一项所述的合波器，所述合波单元用于对所述分波单元输出的多个光束进行合波。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1048457A (ja) * 1996-07-29 1998-02-20 Fujikura Ltd 光分波合波装置
JP2002072008A (ja) * 2000-08-23 2002-03-12 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 光分波器および光合波器
JP2005241998A (ja) * 2004-02-26 2005-09-08 Nikon Corp 光学フィルタユニット及び光学フィルタモジュール
JP2006126581A (ja) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-18 Nec Tokin Corp 光合波モジュール
JP2012118113A (ja) * 2010-11-29 2012-06-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 光分波器
CN110412693A (zh) * 2019-08-02 2019-11-05 深圳市飞宇光纤系统有限公司 一种小型化单纤双透无源光学模块

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1048457A (ja) * 1996-07-29 1998-02-20 Fujikura Ltd 光分波合波装置
JP2002072008A (ja) * 2000-08-23 2002-03-12 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 光分波器および光合波器
JP2005241998A (ja) * 2004-02-26 2005-09-08 Nikon Corp 光学フィルタユニット及び光学フィルタモジュール
JP2006126581A (ja) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-18 Nec Tokin Corp 光合波モジュール
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CN110412693A (zh) * 2019-08-02 2019-11-05 深圳市飞宇光纤系统有限公司 一种小型化单纤双透无源光学模块

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