WO2023050838A1 - 通信方法和通信装置 - Google Patents

通信方法和通信装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023050838A1
WO2023050838A1 PCT/CN2022/094822 CN2022094822W WO2023050838A1 WO 2023050838 A1 WO2023050838 A1 WO 2023050838A1 CN 2022094822 W CN2022094822 W CN 2022094822W WO 2023050838 A1 WO2023050838 A1 WO 2023050838A1
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Prior art keywords
service
target user
experience
parameter
nwdaf
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PCT/CN2022/094822
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马国军
郭�东
祁民
陈潇
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2023050838A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023050838A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/24—Negotiating SLA [Service Level Agreement]; Negotiating QoS [Quality of Service]

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the communication field, and in particular, to a communication method and a communication device.
  • VVIP very important person
  • N-GBR non-guaranteed bit rate
  • the user equipment user equipment, UE
  • initiates a request When wireless congestion occurs, the UE provides various application services (over the top, OTT) to the user through the Internet to start acceleration to the operator.
  • Request after the operator accelerates platform authentication, start the quality of service (QoS) guarantee application through the network exposure function (NEF), and the policy control function (PCF) receives the guarantee application After that, establish a QoS dedicated load for the specific service of the user to be accelerated.
  • QoS quality of service
  • NEF network exposure function
  • PCF policy control function
  • this solution does not have the automatic guarantee capability, needs to be triggered actively by the terminal, and needs to rely on the cooperation of the OTT to realize it, resulting in poor user experience.
  • the PCF subscribes to the network data analytics function (NWDAF) for user experience mean opinion score (MOS) information, and decides whether to initiate a QoS guarantee application.
  • NWDAF collects historical network key performance indicator (key performance indicator, KPI) information from UPF, collects historical business MOS information from OTT, builds a MOS-KPI experience model based on historical data machine learning, and collects network KPIs in real time online to reason about user behavior.
  • Real-time business experience MOS PCF subscribes user experience MOS to NWDAF, and decides whether to start Qos guarantee application. In the case of deciding to start a QoS guarantee application, a QoS special load is established for the user's specific business.
  • this solution needs to rely on the cooperation of OTT to realize, resulting in poor user experience.
  • the present application provides a communication method and a communication device, which can have automatic guarantee capabilities and do not need to rely on the cooperation of OTT to improve user experience.
  • a communication method including: the network data analysis function NWDAF receives the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user sent by the user plane function UPF;
  • the NWDAF determines whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the actual experience parameter of the first service and the target experience parameter of the first service;
  • the NWDAF When determining that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard, the NWDAF sends a request message to the policy control function PCF, where the request message is used to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • NWDAF receives the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user sent by the UPF, and judges the actual experience parameter of the target user according to the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user and the target experience parameter of the first service. Whether the experience meets the standard, and if the standard is not met, the NWDAF sends a request message to the PCF to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user. Since the solution of this application uses NWDAF to dynamically trigger the establishment of dedicated QoS flows, it can have automatic guarantee capabilities and does not need to rely on the cooperation of OTT, thereby improving user experience.
  • the request message includes at least one of the following:
  • the user identification ID of the target user The user identification ID of the target user, the Internet Protocol IP address of the target user, the type of the first service, the IP quintuple of the service flow of the first service, and the guaranteed bit rate of the first service GBR, maximum bit rate MBR.
  • the NWDAF determines whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the actual experience parameter of the first service and the target experience parameter of the first service, including:
  • the parameter is a rate, and if the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than the target experience parameter of the first service within a preset continuous period, the NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard;
  • the NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard
  • the parameter is delay or packet loss rate. If the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than the target experience parameter of the first service within a preset continuous period, the NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user is not Up to standard;
  • the NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • NWDAF can judge whether the actual experience of the target user is up to standard according to the actual experience parameter of the first service in the preset continuous period and the target experience parameter of the first service. That is, when the parameter is rate, If the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than the target experience parameter of the first service within the preset continuous period, NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user is not up to the standard, otherwise, it is up to the standard; If the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than the target experience parameter of the first service within the preset continuous period, NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard, otherwise, it meets the standard; it is convenient for NWDAF to dynamically trigger the establishment of a dedicated QoS flow according to the judgment result , so as to ensure the high-end experience of the target users.
  • the NWDAF determines whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the actual experience parameter of the first service and the target experience parameter of the first service, including:
  • the parameter is a rate, and if the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset duration, the NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard;
  • the NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard
  • the parameter is delay or packet loss rate. If the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset duration, the NWDAF judges the actual experience parameter of the target user.
  • the experience is not up to standard;
  • the NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • NWDAF can judge whether the actual experience of the target user is up to standard according to the actual experience parameter of the first service and the target experience parameter of the first service within the preset duration, that is, when the parameter is rate.
  • NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard, otherwise, it meets the standard; when the parameter is delay or packet loss
  • the NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user is not up to the standard, otherwise it is up to the standard; it is convenient for the NWDAF to judge
  • the establishment of a dedicated QoS flow is dynamically triggered to ensure the high-end experience of the target user.
  • the target experience parameter of the first service is determined according to a historical data statistical analysis method or statically configured by the NWDAF.
  • the target experience parameters of the first service can be determined according to the statistical analysis method of historical data or statically configured by NWDAF, so as to establish the target experience parameters of the target user’s first service, so that NWDAF can judge the target user based on the target experience parameters Furthermore, NWDAF dynamically triggers the establishment of a dedicated QoS flow according to the judgment result, so as to ensure the high-end experience of the target user.
  • the NWDAF sends a request message to the PCF, including:
  • the NWDAF sends the request message to the PCF through the N5 interface.
  • NWDAF when NWDAF sends the request message to PCF, it can be sent through the existing N5 interface in the network, and QoS dedicated loading can be established for the user's service request without additional expansion of other interfaces, which can reduce the cost of service configuration Complexity.
  • the method when the dedicated QoS flow is requested for the target user, the method further includes:
  • the NWDAF generates an evaluation report, and the evaluation report includes guarantee effects before and after the target user requests the dedicated QoS flow, and/or, a comparison result of the target user's experience with that of other users.
  • NWDAF when the target user requests a dedicated QoS flow, NWDAF can also generate an evaluation report, which includes the guarantee effect before and after the target user requests a dedicated QoS flow (for example, if the target user requests a dedicated QoS flow).
  • the rate of watching 1080P video before and after the QoS stream is increased by 25%), and/or, the comparison result of the experience of the target user and other users (the rate of watching the 1080P video after the target user requests the exclusive QoS stream is at least 80% higher than that of the user ); reflect the guarantee effect on target users, increase the stickiness of target users, and further improve the experience of target users.
  • the method further includes:
  • the NWDAF subscribes to the UPF the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user.
  • NWDAF can obtain the actual experience parameters of the target user's first service by subscribing to the UPF for the actual experience parameters of the target user's first service, and can realize the monitoring and perception of the service experience of the target user's first service , so that the NWDAF can judge whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard based on the actual experience parameter. Further, the NWDAF dynamically triggers the establishment of a dedicated QoS flow according to the judgment result, thereby ensuring the high-end experience of the target user.
  • the parameters include at least one of the following:
  • a communication method including: a user plane function UPF monitors an actual experience parameter of a first service of a target user;
  • the UPF sends the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user to the network data analysis function NWDAF.
  • the UPF sends the actual experience parameters of the target user's first service to the NWDAF, so that the NWDAF can judge the target user's experience based on the received actual experience parameters of the target user's first service and the target experience parameters of the first service. Whether the actual experience meets the standard will help NWDAF dynamically trigger the establishment of dedicated QoS flows for target users.
  • the method further includes:
  • the UPF accepts the actual experience parameters of the first service of the target user subscribed to by the NWDAF.
  • UPF accepts the actual experience parameters of the first service of the target user subscribed by NWDAF, and sends the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user to NWDAF, which can realize the service of the first service of the target user
  • NWDAF The monitoring and perception of experience facilitates NWDAF to judge whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard based on the actual experience parameter, and helps NWDAF dynamically trigger the establishment of a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the parameters include at least one of the following:
  • a communication method including: a user plane function UPF receives a first message sent by a session management function SMF, the first message includes a first service of a target user, a target experience parameter of the first service, A method for judging whether the actual experience of the target user is up to standard;
  • the UPF judges whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the first message and the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user;
  • the UPF When it is determined that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard, the UPF sends a first notification message to the SMF, where the first notification message is used to notify the SMF that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard.
  • the UPF after the UPF receives the first message sent by the SMF, it can judge whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the first message and the actual experience parameters of the first service of the target user. After determining the actual experience of the target user When the standard is not met, the UPF sends a first notification message to the SMF, so that the SMF sends a second notification message to the PCF, so that the PCF sends a request for a dedicated QoS flow for the target user to the SMF according to the second notification message and the adjustment policy. request parameter information.
  • the notification message includes at least one of the following:
  • the user identification ID of the target user The user identification ID of the target user, the Internet Protocol IP address of the target user, the type of the first service, and the service flow IP quintuple of the first service.
  • the UPF judges whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the first message and the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user, including:
  • the parameter is a rate, and if the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than the target experience parameter of the first service within a preset continuous period, the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard;
  • the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard
  • the parameter is delay or packet loss rate. If the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than the target experience parameter of the first service within a preset continuous period, the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user is not Up to standard;
  • the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • the UPF can judge whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the actual experience parameter of the first service in the preset continuous period and the target experience parameter of the first service. That is, when the parameter is rate, If the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than the target experience parameter of the first service within the preset continuous period, the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user is not up to the standard, otherwise, it is up to the standard; when the parameter is delay or packet loss rate, If the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than the target experience parameter of the first service within the preset continuous period, the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard, otherwise, it meets the standard; and passes the SMF when judging that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard
  • Sending a notification message to the PCF facilitates the PCF to dynamically trigger the establishment of a dedicated QoS flow according to the notification message and the adjustment policy, thereby ensuring the high-end experience of the target user.
  • the UPF judges whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the first message and the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user, including:
  • the parameter is a rate, and if the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset duration, the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard;
  • the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard
  • the parameter is delay or packet loss rate. If the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset duration, the UPF judges the actual experience parameter of the target user.
  • the experience is not up to standard;
  • the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • the UPF can judge whether the actual experience of the target user is up to standard according to the actual experience parameter of the first service and the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset duration, that is, when the parameter is rate.
  • the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user is not up to the standard, otherwise it is up to the standard; when the parameter is delay or packet loss If the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than the target experience parameter of the first service during part of the preset duration, the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard, otherwise it meets the standard;
  • a notification message is sent to the PCF through the SMF, so that the PCF can dynamically trigger the establishment of a dedicated QoS flow according to the notification message and the adjustment policy, thereby ensuring the high-end experience of the target user.
  • the UPF sends a first notification message to the SMF, including:
  • the UPF sends a packet forwarding control protocol PFCP session report request to the SMF, and the PFCP session report request includes the first notification message.
  • the first notification message when the UPF sends the first notification message to the SMF, the first notification message can be sent through the PFCP session report request sent to it, because the first notification message in this application does not need to be sent through other additional report requests , which can save resource overhead.
  • the parameters include at least one of the following:
  • a communication method including: a session management function SMF receives a first message sent by a policy control function PCF, where the first message includes a first service of a target user, a target experience parameter of the first service, A method for judging whether the actual experience of the target user is up to standard;
  • the SMF sends the first message to the UPF
  • the SMF receives a first notification message sent by the UPF, where the first notification message is used to notify the SMF that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard;
  • the SMF sends a second notification message to the PCF, where the second notification message is used to notify the PCF that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard.
  • the SMF after receiving the first notification message sent by the UPF, the SMF can send a second notification message to the PCF to notify the PCF that the actual experience of the target user has not
  • the notification message and the adjustment policy send a request message for requesting a dedicated QoS flow for the target user to the SMF, so as to ensure the high-end experience of the target user.
  • the SMF sending the first message to the UPF includes:
  • the SMF sends a packet forwarding control protocol PFCP session creation request to the UPF, and the PFCP session creation request includes the first message.
  • the first message when the SMF sends the first message to the UPF, the first message can be sent through the PFCP session creation request sent to it. Since the first message in this application does not need to be sent through other additional requests, resources can be saved s expenses.
  • the SMF sending the second notification message to the PCF includes:
  • the SMF sends a session management policy control update request to the PCF, where the session management policy control update request includes the second notification message.
  • the second notification message when the SMF sends the second notification message to the PCF, the second notification message can be sent through the session management policy control update request sent to it, because the second notification message in this application does not need to pass other additional requests Sending can save resource overhead.
  • the parameters include at least one of the following:
  • a communication method including: a policy control function PCF determines a first message, where the first message includes a first service of a target user, a target experience parameter of the first service, and a judgment of the target user's Whether the actual experience meets the standard;
  • the PCF sends the first message to a session management function SMF;
  • the PCF receives a second notification message sent by the SMF, where the second notification message is used to notify the PCF that the actual experience of the target is not up to standard;
  • the PCF sends request parameter information to the SMF according to the second notification message and the adjustment policy, and the request parameter information is used to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the PCF after receiving the second notification message sent by the SMF, the PCF sends request parameter information for requesting a dedicated QoS flow for the target user to the SMF according to the second notification message and the adjustment policy . Since the solution of this application uses the PCF to dynamically trigger the establishment of the dedicated QoS flow, it can have automatic guarantee capabilities and does not need to rely on the cooperation of the OTT, thereby improving user experience.
  • the request parameter information includes at least one of the following:
  • the user identification ID of the target user The user identification ID of the target user, the Internet Protocol IP address of the target user, the type of the first service, the IP quintuple of the service flow of the first service, and the guaranteed bit rate of the first service GBR, Maximum Bit Rate MBR, 5G Quality of Service Indicator 5QI.
  • the PCF sending the first message to the SMF includes:
  • the PCF In response to receiving the protocol data unit PDU session establishment request sent by the SMF, the PCF sends a session management policy control creation response message to the SMF, where the session management policy control creation response message includes the first message.
  • the PCF receives the PDU session establishment request sent by the SMF, and in response to the received PDU session establishment request, may send a session management policy control creation response message to the SMF, and the session management policy control creation response message includes the session management policy control creation response message of this application.
  • the session management policy control creation response message includes the session management policy control creation response message of this application.
  • the target experience parameter of the first service is statically configured through the PCF.
  • the target experience parameter of the first service can be statically configured by the PCF, so as to establish the target experience parameter of the target user's first service, so that the UPF can judge whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard based on the target experience parameter, and further , the PCF dynamically triggers the establishment of a dedicated QoS flow according to the judgment result, so as to ensure the high-end experience of the target user.
  • the PCF sends request parameter information to the SMF according to the second notification message and the adjustment policy, including:
  • the PCF sends a session management policy control update response to the SMF according to the second notification message and the adjustment policy, where the session management policy control update response includes the request parameter information.
  • the PCF when the PCF sends the request parameter information to the SMF, it can send the request parameter information through the session management policy control update response sent to it. Since the request parameter information in this application does not need to be sent through other additional responses, it can Save resource overhead.
  • the parameters include at least one of the following:
  • a communication method including: a network data analysis function NWDAF receives a second message from a user plane function UPF, where the second message is used to indicate that the experience of the first service of the target user is not up to standard, so The second message includes the user identification ID of the target user and the service flow of the first service;
  • the NWDAF sends a request message to the policy control function PCF according to the second message, and the request message is used to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the NWDAF receives the second message from the UPF and determines that the experience of the first service of the target user is not up to standard.
  • the NWDAF determines whether the target user meets the first condition, and when the target user meets the first condition, the NWDAF sends a request message to the PCF according to the second message.
  • the UPF first determines whether the first service of the target user meets the standard, and then the NWDAF determines whether to send a request message for requesting a dedicated QoS flow for the target user to the PCF according to the first condition.
  • This solution avoids the interaction between NWDAF and UPF for subscribing target user information, and reduces the performance loss between UPF and NWDAF. It does not need to rely on the cooperation of OTT, which can improve user experience.
  • the first condition includes at least one of the following: the radio resource usage rate of the cell to which the target user belongs is less than or equal to a first threshold; the signal quality of the target user is greater than or equal to the second threshold; the guaranteed number of times in the subscription information of the target user is less than or equal to the third threshold; the number of QoS flows specific to the cell to which the target user belongs is less than or equal to the fourth threshold.
  • the above first condition is related to the congestion state of the cell to which the target user belongs, the signal quality of the target user, the subscription information of the target user, and the number of QoS flows dedicated to the cell to which the target user belongs .
  • the above congestion state may be represented by the radio resource usage rate of the cell to which the target user belongs.
  • the above congestion status may indicate the radio resource usage rate of the cell to which the target user belongs. For example, when the radio resource utilization rate is less than or equal to 40%, the congestion state of the cell is considered to be mild; when the radio resource utilization rate is greater than 40% and less than or equal to 70%, the congestion state of the cell is considered to be moderate ; When the radio resource utilization rate is greater than 70%, it is considered that the congestion state of the cell is severe. It should be understood that there may be other configurations of congestion levels, and the above example is not intended as a limitation of this application.
  • the first condition includes that the radio resource usage rate is less than or equal to the first threshold.
  • the first threshold can be set to 70%. Send request message.
  • the signal quality information of the target user may include: signal quality, signal power, and signal-to-interference ratio.
  • the above signal quality information includes signal power.
  • the first condition includes that the signal quality of the target user is greater than or equal to the second threshold.
  • the signal quality of the user is greater than or equal to the second threshold, it indicates that the signal quality of the target user is strong; when the signal quality of the user is less than the second threshold, it indicates that the signal quality of the target user is weak.
  • the NWDAF sends a request message to the PCF according to the second message.
  • the subscription information of the target user is the guarantee times of the target user determined according to the package of the target user.
  • the first condition is related to the subscription information of the target user.
  • the experience guarantee in the package signed by the target user is 100 times/100 hours per month.
  • NWDAF determines that the target user meets the first condition, and NWDAF sends a request message to the PCF according to the second message, Request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • NWDAF determines that the target user does not meet the first condition, and NWDAF does not send a request message to the PCF.
  • the target user requests a dedicated QoS flow.
  • the first condition includes that the number of QoS flows specific to the cell to which the target user belongs is lower than a fourth threshold.
  • the first condition is related to the number of QoS flows specific to the cell to which the target user belongs. For example, when the maximum number of QoS flows dedicated to the cell to which the target user belongs is 500, and the cell has already established 500 QoS flows, the NWDAF does not send a request message to the PCF. When the number of QoS flows established in the cell is less than 500, the NWDAF sends a request message to the PCF according to the second message.
  • the request message includes the Internet Protocol IP address and the maximum bit rate of the target user.
  • the IP address of the target user can also be called the Internet Protocol address of the target user.
  • the IP address is unique. Therefore, when the user uses a certain device, he can know the user's IP address through the unique IP address. address.
  • the maximum bit rate is the upper limit of the rate that the GBR can achieve.
  • the upper limit of the rate that can be achieved is the maximum bit rate (MBR).
  • MBR maximum bit rate
  • AMBR aggregate maximum bit rate
  • the request message further includes at least one of the following: the user ID of the target user, the type of the first service, the service flow of the first service, A Guaranteed Bit Rate GBR of the first service is guaranteed.
  • the NWDAF sends a request message to the PCF, including:
  • the NWDAF sends the request message to the PCF through the N5 interface.
  • NWDAF sends a request message to PCF through the N5 interface, without creating other interfaces, and directly uses the existing N5 interface of PCF, which can save the deployment cost between NWDAF and PCF, simplify the network architecture, and facilitate network deployment. Operation and maintenance also help to improve communication efficiency.
  • the method when the dedicated QoS flow is requested for the target user, the method further includes:
  • the NWDAF generates an evaluation report, and the evaluation report includes guarantee effects before and after the target user requests the dedicated QoS flow, and/or, a comparison result of the target user's experience with that of other users.
  • NWDAF when the target user requests a dedicated QoS flow, NWDAF can also generate an evaluation report, which includes the guarantee effect before and after the target user requests a dedicated QoS flow (for example, if the target user requests a dedicated QoS flow).
  • the rate of watching 1080P video before and after the QoS stream is increased by 25%), and/or, the comparison result of the experience of the target user and other users (the rate of watching the 1080P video after the target user requests the exclusive QoS stream is at least 80% higher than that of the user ); reflect the guarantee effect on target users, increase the stickiness of target users, and further improve the experience of target users.
  • the NWDAF sends the evaluation report to the target user.
  • NWDAF sends the evaluation report to the target user to inform the target user of the real-time guarantee effect and increase the stickiness of the target user.
  • the NWDAF sends the target user's first service quality baseline to the UPF, and the first service quality baseline is used to determine the target user's experience Is it up to standard.
  • the NWDAF sends the type of the first service and the predefined rule name of the target user to the UPF, where the predefined rule name is used to identify the A contract package for the first service of the target user, where the contract package is the contract package for the first service.
  • the quality baseline of the first service is determined according to historical data statistics, or is statically configured through the NWDAF.
  • the NWDAF stops using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user according to the exit guarantee mechanism.
  • the NWDAF stops using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user according to the exit guarantee mechanism, including:
  • the NWDAF When the NWDAF receives the third message through the N5 interface, the NWDAF stops using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user, and the third message is used to indicate the policy control network element PDU session of the target user releasing or ending the service flow of the first service of the target user, and/or,
  • the NWDAF determines that the guaranteed duration reaches the fifth threshold, the NWDAF stops using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user, and/or,
  • the NWDAF determines that the congestion state of the cell to which the target user belongs changes, the NWDAF stops using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • NWDAF determines whether to stop serving the target user according to the third message received by the N5 interface, whether the guaranteed duration of the first service of the target user reaches the fifth threshold, and the change of the congestion state of the cell to which the target user belongs Use proprietary Quality of Service QoS flows. According to the above conditions, the NWDAF determines to stop using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user, so as to further avoid waste of resources.
  • the second message further includes the type of the first service and/or the degradation level of the first service.
  • the type of the first service may include multiple types, such as video type, file type, and so on.
  • the degradation level of the first service is used to indicate the distance between the experience parameter of the first service and the quality reference of the first service.
  • the degradation level when the difference between the experience parameter of the first service and the quality reference of the first service is greater, the degradation level is greater; when the experience parameter of the first service is smaller than the quality reference of the first service, the degradation level is greater.
  • the level is smaller. In other words, the greater the difference between the experience parameter of the first service and the quality reference of the first service, the higher the degradation level; the smaller the difference between the experience parameter of the first service and the quality reference of the first service, the higher the degradation level lower.
  • a communication method including: a user plane function UPF receives a quality reference of a first service of a target user from a network data analysis function NWDAF;
  • the UPF sends a second message to the network data analysis function NWDAF, and the second message is used to indicate that the experience of the target user does not If the standard is met, the second message includes the user identification ID of the target user and the service flow of the first service.
  • the UPF receives the quality reference of the first service of the target user sent by the NWDAF, and determines whether the quality reference of the first service is satisfied based on the detected experience parameters of the first service.
  • the UPF sends a second message to the NWDAF, and the NWDAF determines whether to trigger a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the UPF receives the type of the first service from the NWDAF and the predefined rule name of the target user, where the predefined rule name is used to identify the The contract package of the target user, the contract package is the contract package of the first service.
  • the second message further includes: the type of the first service and/or the degradation level of the first service.
  • the type of the first service may include multiple types, such as video type, file type, and so on.
  • the degradation level of the first service is used to indicate the distance between the experience parameter of the first service and the quality reference of the first service.
  • the degradation level when the difference between the experience parameter of the first service and the quality reference of the first service is greater, the degradation level is greater; when the experience parameter of the first service is smaller than the quality reference of the first service, the degradation level is greater.
  • the level is smaller. In other words, the greater the difference between the experience parameter of the first service and the quality reference of the first service, the higher the degradation level; the smaller the difference between the experience parameter of the first service and the quality reference of the first service, the higher the degradation level lower.
  • the UPF when the experience parameter of the first service does not meet the quality benchmark of the first service, the UPF sends a second message to the network data analysis function NWDAF, including the following One or more:
  • the experience parameter is a rate, and if the experience parameter of the first service is less than or equal to the quality benchmark of the first service in multiple periods, the UPF determines that the experience of the target user is not up to standard,
  • the experience parameter is delay, if the experience parameter of the first service is greater than or equal to the quality reference of the first service in multiple periods, the UPF determines that the experience of the target user is not up to standard,
  • the experience parameter is a packet loss rate, and if the experience parameter of the first service is greater than or equal to the quality reference of the first service within multiple periods, the UPF determines that the experience of the target user is not up to standard.
  • multiple periods may be continuous multiple periods, or may be discontinuous multiple periods.
  • the UPF when the experience parameter of the first service does not meet the quality benchmark of the first service, the UPF sends a second message to the network data analysis function NWDAF, including the following One or more:
  • the experience parameter is a rate, and if the proportion of time that does not meet the quality benchmark within the preset time length is greater than or equal to a sixth threshold, the experience parameter of the first service is less than or equal to the quality of the first service benchmark, the UPF determines that the experience of the target user is not up to standard,
  • the experience parameter is time delay, and if the proportion of time that does not meet the quality benchmark within the preset duration is greater than or equal to a seventh threshold, the experience parameter of the first service is greater than or equal to that of the first service a quality benchmark, the UPF determines that the experience of the target user is not up to standard,
  • the experience parameter is a packet loss rate, and if the proportion of time that fails to meet the quality benchmark within a preset time period is greater than or equal to an eighth threshold, the experience parameter of the first service is greater than or equal to the first service , the UPF determines that the experience of the target user is not up to standard.
  • the rate includes an uplink rate and/or a downlink rate.
  • the time delay includes uplink time delay and/or downlink time delay.
  • the quality benchmark of the first service is determined according to historical data statistics, or is statically configured through the NWDAF.
  • a communication device is provided.
  • the communication device has the function of implementing the behaviors in the method embodiments of the first aspect above.
  • the functions described above may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by executing corresponding software on the hardware.
  • the hardware includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.
  • the communication device includes: a transceiver module, configured to receive the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user sent by the user plane function UPF; a processing module, configured to parameter and the target experience parameter of the first service to determine whether the actual experience of the target user is up to standard; the transceiver module is further configured to: send a request to the policy control function PCF when it is determined that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard message, the request message is used to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • These modules can perform the corresponding functions in the method example of the first aspect above. For details, refer to the detailed description in the method example, and details are not repeated here.
  • a communication device is provided, and the beneficial effects may refer to the description of the second aspect, which will not be repeated here.
  • the communication device has the function of implementing the actions in the method example of the second aspect above.
  • the functions described above may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by executing corresponding software on the hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.
  • the communication device includes: a processing module, configured to monitor the actual experience parameters of the target user's first service; a transceiver module, configured to send the target user's first service to a network data analysis function NWDAF actual experience parameters.
  • NWDAF network data analysis function
  • a communication device is provided, and for beneficial effects, refer to the description of the third aspect, and details are not repeated here.
  • the communication device has the function of implementing the behaviors in the method embodiments of the third aspect above.
  • the functions described above may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by executing corresponding software on the hardware.
  • the hardware includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.
  • the communication device includes: a transceiver module, configured to receive a first message sent by a session management function SMF, where the first message includes the first service of the target user and the target experience of the first service Parameters, a method for judging whether the actual experience of the target user is up to standard; a processing module, configured to judge whether the actual experience of the target user is up to standard according to the first message and the actual experience parameters of the first service of the target user; The transceiver module is further configured to: send a first notification message to the SMF when it is determined that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard, the first notification message is used to notify the SMF of the actual experience of the target user did not make it.
  • These modules can perform the corresponding functions in the above method examples of the third aspect. For details, refer to the detailed description in the method examples, which will not be repeated here.
  • a communication device is provided.
  • the communicating device has the function of implementing the behaviors in the method embodiments of the fourth aspect above.
  • the functions described above may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by executing corresponding software on the hardware.
  • the hardware includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.
  • the communication device includes: a transceiver module, configured to receive a first message sent by a policy control function PCF, where the first message includes a first service of a target user and a target experience of the first service Parameters, a method for judging whether the actual experience of the target user is up to standard; sending the first message to the UPF; receiving a first notification message sent by the UPF, the first notification message is used to notify the SMF of the target The actual experience of the user does not meet the standard; a second notification message is sent to the PCF, where the second notification message is used to notify the PCF that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard.
  • These modules can perform the corresponding functions in the method examples of the fourth aspect above. For details, refer to the detailed description in the method examples, which will not be repeated here.
  • a twelfth aspect provides a communication device.
  • the communication device has the function of implementing the actions in the method embodiments of the fifth aspect above.
  • the functions described above may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by executing corresponding software on the hardware.
  • the hardware includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.
  • the communication device includes: a processing module, configured to determine a first message, where the first message includes the first service of the target user, the target experience parameter of the first service, and the A method for determining whether the user's actual experience is up to standard; a transceiver module, configured to send the first message to the session management function SMF; receive a second notification message sent by the SMF, and the second notification message is used to notify the PCF of the The actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard; according to the second notification message and the adjustment policy, send request parameter information to the SMF, where the request parameter information is used to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • These modules can perform the corresponding functions in the method examples of the fifth aspect above. For details, refer to the detailed description in the method examples, which will not be repeated here.
  • a thirteenth aspect provides a communication device.
  • the communication device has a function of implementing the behaviors in the method embodiments of the sixth aspect above.
  • the functions described above may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by executing corresponding software on the hardware.
  • the hardware includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.
  • the communication device includes: a transceiver module, configured to receive a second message from a user plane function UPF; the second message is used to indicate that the experience of the first service of the target user is not up to standard, The second message includes the user identification ID of the target user and the service flow of the first service; when the processing module determines that the target user satisfies the first condition, the transceiver module is further configured to: report to the policy control function
  • the PCF sends a request message, where the request message is used to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • a communication device is provided.
  • the communication device has a function of implementing the behaviors in the method embodiments of the seventh aspect above.
  • the functions described above may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by executing corresponding software on the hardware.
  • the hardware includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.
  • the communication device includes: a transceiver module, configured to receive the quality reference of the first service of the target user from the network data analysis function NWDAF; when the processing module determines that the experience parameter of the first service does not satisfy the When the quality of the first service is benchmarked, the transceiver module is further configured to: send a second message to the network data analysis function NWDAF, the second message is used to indicate that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard, and the second message Including the user identification ID of the target user and the service flow of the first service.
  • NWDAF network data analysis function
  • a communication device is provided, and the communication device may be the network device in the foregoing method embodiment, or a chip set in the network device.
  • the communication device includes a communication interface, a processor, and optionally, a memory.
  • the memory is used to store computer programs or instructions
  • the processor is coupled to the memory and the communication interface.
  • the communication device executes the method performed by the network device in the above method embodiments.
  • a sixteenth aspect provides a computer program product, the computer program product including: computer program code, when the computer program code is executed, the method performed by the network device in the above aspects is executed.
  • the present application provides a system-on-a-chip, where the system-on-a-chip includes a processor, configured to implement the functions of the network device in the methods in the foregoing aspects.
  • the chip system further includes a memory, configured to store program instructions and/or data.
  • the system-on-a-chip may consist of chips, or may include chips and other discrete devices.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed, the method performed by the network device in the above aspects is implemented.
  • the present application provides a communication system, including the foregoing network data analysis function NWDAF and user plane function UPF.
  • the NWDAF specifically implements the method in any possible implementation manner in the first aspect above, or, the NWDAF specifically implements the method in any possible implementation manner in the sixth aspect above.
  • the UPF specifically implements the method in any possible implementation of the above second aspect, or the NWDAF specifically implements the method in any possible implementation of the above third aspect, or the NWDAF specifically implements any of the above seventh aspects A method in one possible implementation.
  • the communication system may further include a session management function SMF and a policy control network element PCF.
  • the SMF specifically implements the method in any possible implementation manner in the fourth aspect above
  • the PCF specifically implements the method in any possible implementation manner in the fifth aspect above.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided by the implementation of this application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another communication system provided by the implementation of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a user experience guarantee scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of rate monitoring provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of delay monitoring provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a communication method provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a communication method provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • the quality of service class identifier (QoS class identifier, QCI) is a parameter used by the system to identify the transmission characteristics of service data packets.
  • the protocol 23203 defines the QCI values corresponding to different bearer services. Wherein, the QCI value ranges from 1 to 9, which respectively correspond to different resource types, different priorities, different delays and different packet loss rates. To ensure that an application service can run normally, you can configure a matching QCI value for the service.
  • the radio bearer is divided into a signaling radio bearer (Signalling radio bearer, SRB) and a data radio bearer (Data radio bearer, DRB). Wherein, the SRB is used for signaling transmission, and the DRB is used for data transmission.
  • SRB Signaling radio bearer
  • DRB Data radio bearer
  • bearers can be divided into two categories: guaranteed bit rate (guaranteed bit rate, GBR) bearers and Non-GBR bearers, among which, the default bearer for users is Non-GBR bearer.
  • GBR guaranteed bit rate
  • GBR bearer refers to the guaranteed bit rate, even in the case of tight network resources, the corresponding bit rate can be maintained, that is, the guaranteed minimum bandwidth; for delay-sensitive services, such as online mobile games and real-time conferences, can be used by GBR bearer to guarantee.
  • Non-GBR bearer It means that the network does not provide the minimum transmission rate guarantee. In the case of network congestion, the service needs to bear the requirement of reducing the rate; for services that do not require high real-time performance, there is no need for the scheduler to guarantee this type of bearer lowest bit rate.
  • GBR bearer The difference between GBR bearer and Non-GBR bearer is shown in Table 1 below:
  • the upper limit of the rate that the GBR bearer can achieve is the maximum bit rate (MBR) when resources are sufficient.
  • MBR maximum bit rate
  • AMBR aggregate maximum bit rate
  • a matching QCI value can be configured for the service.
  • important users very important person, VIP
  • VVIP can be distinguished by the QCI value signed by the user.
  • the 5G QoS identifier (5G QoS identifier, 5QI) value of VVIP users is 6, the 5QI value of VIP users is 8, and the 5QI value of ordinary users is 9, and the smaller the 5QI value, the priority The higher the level. Therefore, when wireless congestion occurs, VVIP users are prioritized for scheduling, but because Non-GBR bearers also experience packet loss during wireless congestion, operators cannot perceive the degradation of experience for VVIP users in real time, nor can they actively trigger dedicated load protection , The experience gap between VVIP high-end users and other users is not obvious.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided for the implementation of this application.
  • the UE when wireless congestion occurs, the UE initiates an acceleration request to the operator through OTT. After the operator accelerates platform authentication and passes the authentication, it initiates a QoS guarantee application through NEF.
  • SMF session management function
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • UPF user plane function
  • random access network random Access network
  • RAN random Access network
  • this solution does not have the automatic guarantee capability, needs to be triggered actively by the terminal, and needs to rely on the cooperation of the OTT to realize it, resulting in poor user experience.
  • PCF subscribes the user's experience MOS information to NWDAF, and decides whether to start the Qos guarantee application.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic diagram of another communication system provided for the implementation of this application.
  • NWDAF collects historical network KPI information from UPF and historical service MOS information from OTT, builds a MOS-KPI experience model based on historical data machine learning, collects network KPIs in real time online, and deduces the real-time experience MOS of various services of users.
  • PCF subscribes user experience MOS to NWDAF, and decides whether to start Qos guarantee application.
  • a QoS special load is established for the user's specific business.
  • the QoS dedicated bearer for the user's specific service can be established through the mutual cooperation of the SMF, AMF, UPF and RAN (or AN).
  • this solution needs to rely on the cooperation of OTT to realize, resulting in poor user experience.
  • the present application provides a communication method, which can have an automatic guarantee capability and does not need to rely on the cooperation of the OTT, so that user experience can be improved.
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic diagram of a user experience guarantee scenario provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the user service experience KPI subscription function can be implemented by NWDAF or PCF, and supports the subscription activation function of the KPI experience measurement function for specific users and specific services;
  • the user service identification + monitoring function can be implemented by UPF, which supports user service type identification and service experience KPI monitoring functions, such as rate, delay, and packet loss rate monitoring;
  • the user service experience baseline KPI learning/importing function can be realized by NWDAF or PCF (wherein, NWDAF can support the learning and/or importing function, and PCF can support the importing function);
  • the function of judging whether the user service experience meets the standard can be realized by NWDAF or UPF. According to the real-time/historical experience monitoring results of the user service, compare the service guarantee target baseline value to judge whether the standard is met. If the standard is met, no action will be taken. If the standard is not met, go to the next step operate;
  • the user service experience guarantee policy generation function can be realized by NWDAF or PCF. If it is judged that the standard is not met, the guarantee policy is dynamically generated, including the guarantee object and the guaranteed target QoS, and delivered to the executive function entity;
  • UE-RAN-5G core network 5G core network, 5GC
  • the user service experience guarantee effect evaluation function can be realized by NWDAF, which evaluates the result after the implementation of the experience guarantee policy, and compares the effect of experience guarantee improvement with that before the implementation;
  • FIG. 3 may also include:
  • the communication method 400 provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a communication method 400 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method 400 may include steps 410-450.
  • the UPF monitors the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user.
  • the target user in the implementation of this application may be the above-mentioned VVIP user or the above-mentioned VIP user, without limitation.
  • the first service in the embodiment of the present application may include users watching videos, users playing games, virtual reality (virtual reality, VR), instant messaging (instant messaging, IM), users uploading or downloading files, users browsing webpages, etc. It should be understood that the first service in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to the services shown above, and should not impose any special limitation on the present application.
  • the parameters include at least one of the following: rate, delay, and packet loss rate.
  • the actual experience parameters in this embodiment of the present application may include an actual experience rate, an actual experience delay, and an actual experience packet loss rate.
  • an actual experience rate may include an actual experience rate, an actual experience delay, and an actual experience packet loss rate.
  • the UPF monitors that the rate at which VVIP user 1 watches 1080P videos is 8Mbps, that is, VVIP user 1 watches 1080P videos
  • the actual experience rate is 8Mbps.
  • the UPF monitors that the time delay of the VVIP user 1 watching and playing the game is 15ms, that is, the actual experience time of the VVIP user 1 playing the game The delay is 15ms.
  • the UPF monitors the packet loss rate of the files transferred by VVIP user 1 as 1 ⁇ , that is, the actual The experienced packet loss rate is 1 ⁇ .
  • the UPF sends the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user to the NWDAF.
  • the UPF sends the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user to the NWDAF, which can be sent to the NWDAF at a specific period.
  • the UPF can send the first service experience parameter of the target user to the NWDAF every 1 second or every 2 seconds.
  • the actual experience parameters of a service are not limited.
  • the NWDAF receives the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user sent by the UPF.
  • the NWDAF can receive the actual experience parameters of the first service of the target user sent by the UPF according to a specific period. For example, if the UPF sends the actual experience parameters of the first service of the target user to the NWDAF every 1 second, the NWDAF Receive the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user once every second; if the UPF sends the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user to NWDAF every 2 seconds, then NWDAF receives the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user every 2 seconds parameter.
  • the UPF may send the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user to the NWDAF through the extended private interface.
  • the NWDAF can receive the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user through the extended private interface.
  • the NWDAF determines whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the actual experience parameter of the first service and the target experience parameter of the first service.
  • the target experience parameters in this embodiment of the present application may include a target experience rate, a target experience delay, and a target experience packet loss rate.
  • a target experience rate a target experience rate
  • a target experience delay a target experience packet loss rate.
  • a target experience packet loss rate a target experience packet loss rate.
  • the target experience parameters of the first service may be the same or different, mainly related to the user's 5QI.
  • the target users in this embodiment include VVIP user 1 and VVIP user 2
  • the 5QIs of VVIP user 1 and VVIP user 2 are the same, then the priority of VVIP user 1 is the same as that of VVIP user 2. Therefore, the target experience rate of VVIP user 1 can be equal to the target experience rate of VVIP user 2.
  • VVIP user 1 Assuming that the target users in the embodiment of this application include VVIP user 1 and VIP user 1, since the 5QI of VVIP user 1 is smaller than the 5QI of VIP user 1, that is, the priority of VVIP user 1 is higher than that of VIP user 1, therefore, VVIP user 1
  • the target experience rate of can be greater than the target experience rate of VIP user 1.
  • the target experience delay may be equal to the target experience delay of VVIP user 2.
  • VVIP user 1 Assuming that the target users in the embodiment of this application include VVIP user 1 and VIP user 1, since the 5QI of VVIP user 1 is smaller than the 5QI of VIP user 1, that is, the priority of VVIP user 1 is higher than that of VIP user 1, therefore, VVIP user 1
  • the target experience delay of may be less than the target experience delay of VIP user 1.
  • the target experienced packet loss rate of VVIP user 1 may be equal to the target experienced packet loss rate of VVIP user 2.
  • VVIP user 1 Assuming that the target users in the embodiment of this application include VVIP user 1 and VIP user 1, since the 5QI of VVIP user 1 is smaller than the 5QI of VIP user 1, that is, the priority of VVIP user 1 is higher than that of VIP user 1, therefore, VVIP user 1
  • the target experienced packet loss rate of can be smaller than the target experienced packet loss rate of VIP user 1.
  • the NWDAF sends a request message to the PCF, where the request message is used to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the NWDAF may send a request message for requesting a dedicated QoS flow for the target user to the PCF.
  • the dedicated QoS flow requested by the target user is the QoS flow carried by the GBR. Since the resources carried by the GBR are not preempted, all data packets within the promised bandwidth can be forwarded, thereby providing Target users are guaranteed.
  • the UPF sends the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user to the NWDAF, and the NWDAF judges the actual experience of the target user according to the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user and the target experience parameter of the first service Whether the standard is met, and if the standard is not met, the NWDAF sends a request message to the PCF to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user. Since the solution of this application uses NWDAF to dynamically trigger the establishment of dedicated QoS flows, it can have automatic guarantee capabilities and does not need to rely on the cooperation of OTT, thereby improving user experience.
  • the request message includes at least one of the following:
  • the user identification (identity, ID) of the target user the Internet protocol (internet protocol, IP) address of the target user, the type of the first service, the service flow IP quintuple of the first service, guarantee GBR and MBR of the first service.
  • IP Internet protocol
  • the request message sent by the NWDAF to the PCF may include at least one of the above parameters.
  • the user ID of the target user may be used to represent the identity of the user.
  • the IP address of the target user can also be called the IP address of the target user.
  • the IP address is unique. Therefore, when the user uses a certain device, the user's address can be known through the unique IP address.
  • the type of the first service may include multiple types, such as video type, file type, and so on.
  • the service flow IP quintuple of the first service includes: the source IP address of the first service, the source port of the first service, the destination IP address of the first service, the destination port of the first service, and the transport layer protocol for transmitting the first service .
  • Guarantee the GBR of the first service that is, guarantee the minimum bit rate of the first service. If the first service is to watch 1080P video, the guaranteed rate of watching 1080P video can be 10Mbps; MBR is the maximum bit rate. If the first service is to watch 1080P video Video, the guaranteed viewing rate of 1080P video can be 500Mbps.
  • the NWDAF sends a request message to the PCF to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the PCF can generate a 5QI according to the parameters included in the request message, and send a dedicated stream to the SMF.
  • the establishment request carries the QoS information that needs to be guaranteed, and the parameters such as 5QI, GBR, and MBR that are specifically carried.
  • the SMF receives the dedicated load establishment request, it transmits the dedicated load establishment request and parameters to the UPF and AMF respectively.
  • the UPF and AMF establish the dedicated load, and the RAN performs scheduling based on the dedicated load established by the UPF and AMF according to the 5QI. Guarantee GBR bandwidth requirements.
  • Step 440 above indicates that the NWDAF judges whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the actual experience parameter of the first service and the target experience parameter of the first service.
  • the manner of judging whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard may include the following manners.
  • the NWDAF determines whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the actual experience parameter of the first service and the target experience parameter of the first service, including:
  • the parameter is a rate, and if the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than the target experience parameter of the first service within a preset continuous period, the NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard;
  • the NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard
  • the parameter is delay or packet loss rate. If the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than the target experience parameter of the first service within a preset continuous period, the NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user is not Up to standard;
  • the NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • the NWDAF can judge whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the actual experience parameter of the first service and the target experience parameter of the first service within a preset continuous period.
  • the target user in the embodiment of this application is VVIP user 1
  • the period is 1s, that is, the actual experience rate of the first service sent by the UPF received by the NWDAF every 1s.
  • the target experience rate is 10Mbps
  • the preset continuous period is 7s. If the VVIP user 1 watches the 1080P video within the continuous 7s, the actual experience rate is 8Mbps (or other actual experience rates less than 10Mbps, such as respectively 8Mbps, 7Mbps, 8Mbps, 6Mbps, 6Mbps, 7Mbps, 8Mbps), which is less than the target experience rate of watching 1080P video 10Mbps, then NWDAF can judge that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard.
  • NWDAF can judge that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • the target user in the embodiment of this application is VVIP user 1
  • the period is 1s, that is, the actual experience delay of the first service sent by the UPF received by the NWDAF every 1s.
  • the target experience delay in is 50ms
  • the preset continuous period is 7s. If the actual experience delay of the VVIP user 1 playing games within the continuous 7s is 80ms (or other actual experience delay greater than 50ms, For example, 100ms, 120ms, 120ms, 200ms, 120ms, 160ms, 120ms), which is greater than the target experience delay of playing games by 50ms, then NWDAF can judge that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard.
  • NWDAF NWDAF can judge that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • the target user in the embodiment of this application is VVIP user 1
  • the period is 1s, that is, the actual experienced packet loss rate of the first service sent by the UPF received by the NWDAF every 1s, assuming The target experience packet loss rate in this application is 1 ⁇ , and the preset continuous period is 7s.
  • the actual experience packet loss rate is 10 ⁇ (or other values greater than 1 ⁇ of the actual experience packet loss rate, such as 6 ⁇ , 8 ⁇ , 8 ⁇ , 10 ⁇ , 10 ⁇ , 8 ⁇ , 4 ⁇ ), which is greater than the target experience packet loss rate of playing games 1 ⁇ , then NWDAF can judge The actual experience of the target user is not up to standard.
  • the actual experience packet loss rate is 0.5 ⁇ (or other actual experience packet loss rate less than or equal to 1 ⁇ , such as 0.8 ⁇ , 0.6 ⁇ , 0.6 ⁇ , 0.8 ⁇ , 0.8 ⁇ , 0.4 ⁇ , 0.4 ⁇ ), less than 10% of the target experience packet loss rate of playing games, then NWDAF can judge that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • NWDAF can judge whether the actual experience of the target user is up to standard according to the actual experience parameter of the first service in the preset continuous period and the target experience parameter of the first service. That is, when the parameter is rate, If the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than the target experience parameter of the first service within the preset continuous period, NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user is not up to the standard, otherwise, it is up to the standard; If the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than the target experience parameter of the first service within the preset continuous period, NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard, otherwise, it meets the standard; it is convenient for NWDAF to dynamically trigger the establishment of a dedicated QoS flow according to the judgment result , so as to ensure the high-end experience of the target users.
  • the parameter is rate
  • the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than or equal to the target experience parameter of the first service within the preset continuous period, it is judged that the actual experience of the target user is not
  • the parameter is delay or packet loss rate
  • the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than or equal to the target experience parameter of the first service in the preset continuous period, the actual experience of the target user is judged If it is not up to the standard, otherwise it is up to the standard; no restriction.
  • the NWDAF determines whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the actual experience parameter of the first service and the target experience parameter of the first service, including:
  • the parameter is a rate, and if the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset duration, the NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard;
  • the NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard
  • the parameter is delay or packet loss rate. If the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset duration, the NWDAF judges the actual experience parameter of the target user.
  • the experience is not up to standard;
  • the NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • the target experience rate is 10Mbps
  • the preset duration is 5 minutes
  • NWDAF can judge The actual experience of the target user is not up to standard.
  • NWDAF can judge that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • the target experience delay is 50ms
  • the preset duration is 5 minutes
  • NWDAF NWDAF It can be judged that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard.
  • the actual experience delay is 40ms (or other actual experience delays less than or equal to 50ms), that is, the actual experience time for playing games is 80% of the 5 minutes. If the delay is less than the target experience delay of playing games by 50ms, NWDAF can judge that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • the target experience packet loss rate of the target user playing games is 1 ⁇ , and the preset duration is 5 minutes. If the VVIP user 1 is within 5 minutes The actual experience packet loss rate of playing games for 4 minutes is 10 ⁇ (or other actual experience packet loss rates greater than 1 ⁇ ), that is, the actual experience packet loss rate of playing games for 80% of the 5 minutes is greater than that of playing games. If the target experience packet loss rate is 1 ⁇ , NWDAF can judge that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard.
  • the actual experience packet loss rate is 0.8 ⁇ (or other actual experience packet loss rate less than or equal to 1 ⁇ ), that is, 80% of the 5 minutes are spent playing games If the actual experience packet loss rate is less than 1 ⁇ of the target experience packet loss rate of playing games, NWDAF can judge that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • NWDAF can judge that the actual experience rate of the target user does not meet the standard; otherwise, it meets the standard.
  • the 4 minutes may be continuous or discontinuous.
  • the actual experience rate of VVIP user 1 watching 1080P video for 4 minutes within 5 minutes is 8Mbps
  • the actual experience rate of watching 1080P videos in the first 4 minutes of these 5 minutes is 8Mbps, or it may be 8Mbps during the 5 minutes.
  • the actual experience rate of watching 1080P video in the first 2 minutes and the last 2 minutes is 8Mbps, which is not limited.
  • the actual experience rate of VVIP user 1 watching 1080P video for 4 minutes within 5 minutes is 12 Mbps
  • the actual experience rate of watching 1080P videos in the first 4 minutes of these 5 minutes is 12 Mbps, or it can be the first 4 minutes of these 5 minutes.
  • the actual experience rate of watching 1080P video for 2 minutes and the last 2 minutes is 12Mbps, which is not limited.
  • part of the preset duration (as shown in the above example, there are 4 minutes within 5 minutes) can be continuous or discontinuous, similar to the parameter rate , which will not be repeated here.
  • NWDAF can judge whether the actual experience of the target user is up to standard according to the actual experience parameter of the first service and the target experience parameter of the first service within the preset duration, that is, when the parameter is rate.
  • NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard, otherwise, it meets the standard; when the parameter is delay or packet loss
  • the NWDAF judges that the actual experience of the target user is not up to the standard, otherwise it is up to the standard; it is convenient for the NWDAF to judge
  • the establishment of a dedicated QoS flow is dynamically triggered to ensure the high-end experience of the target user.
  • the parameter is the rate
  • the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than or equal to the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset time period
  • the parameter is delay or packet loss rate
  • the target user if the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than or equal to the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset time period, the target user’s If the actual experience is not up to the standard, otherwise it is up to the standard; no restriction.
  • the target experience parameter of the first service (also referred to as: the quality baseline of the first service) is determined according to historical data statistics or is statically configured by NWDAF.
  • the NWDAF may determine the target experience parameter of the first service through historical data statistics; or, the NWDAF may statically configure the target experience parameter of the first service.
  • historical data statistics may include various algorithms
  • static configuration may include determining target experience parameters based on various methods.
  • NWDAF can collect the data of the 10,000 users watching 1080P video in the past week rate, and determine the top 1000 users who watch the rate of 1080P video in the top 10% of the 10000 users (it should be understood that the first 1000 users may include VVIP users, VIP users and ordinary users due to the busyness of the community)
  • the rates are greater than a value.
  • the rates of the first 1000 users watching 1080P videos are respectively a 1 Mbps, a 2 Mbps, ..., a 998 Mbps, a 999 Mbps, a 1000 Mbps, and the rates of the 1000 users watching 1080P videos are not less than 40ms , that is, NWDAF takes 40Mbps as the target experience rate for users watching 1080P video.
  • NWDAF can collect the 10,000 users who watched 1080P video in the past week The time delay of the video, and determine the top 1000 users who watch the time delay of 1080P video among the 10000 users and rank the top 10% (it should be understood that the first 1000 users may include VVIP users, VIP users due to the busyness of the community. and ordinary users) are all less than a value.
  • the rate at which the first 1000 users watch 1080P video is a 1 ms, a 2 ms, ..., a 998 ms, a 999 ms, a 1000 ms respectively, and the rate at which the 1000 users watch 1080P video is not greater than 20 ms , that is, NWDAF takes 20ms as the target experience delay for users watching 1080P videos.
  • NWDAF can collect the 10,000 users who watched 1080P videos in the past week rate, and select the rate of the top 1000 users who watch 1080P video among the 10000 users (it should be understood that the top 1000 users may include VVIP users, VIP users and ordinary users due to the busyness of the community) .
  • NWDAF can configure the target experience rate for VVIP users to watch 1080P videos based on the terminal test data.
  • the target experience rate of 1080P video is 10Mbps.
  • NWDAF can configure the target experience rate for VVIP users to watch 1080P videos based on industry experience. For example, according to industry experience, it is determined that the rate when users watch 1080P videos is 10Mbps, then NWDAF can configure the target experience rate for VVIP users to watch 1080P videos as 10Mbps.
  • NWDAF can set the target experience rate based on the guarantee threshold that the operator wants to give VVIP users. For example, if the operator wants to give VVIP users a guarantee threshold of 1080P video viewing at 10 Mbps, NWDAF can configure the target experience rate for VVIP users to watch 1080P video at 10 Mbps .
  • the target experience parameters of the first service can be determined according to historical data statistics or statically configured by NWDAF, so as to establish the target user’s target experience parameters of the first service, so that NWDAF can judge the target user’s actual experience based on the target experience parameters. Whether the experience is up to standard, further, NWDAF dynamically triggers the establishment of a dedicated QoS flow according to the judgment result, so as to ensure the high-end experience of the target user.
  • the NWDAF sends a request message to the PCF, including:
  • the NWDAF sends the request message to the PCF through the N5 interface.
  • NWDAF when NWDAF sends the request message to PCF, it can be sent through the existing N5 interface in the network, and QoS dedicated loading can be established for the user's service request without additional expansion of other interfaces, which can reduce the cost of service configuration Complexity.
  • the method 400 when the dedicated QoS flow is requested for the target user, the method 400 further includes:
  • the NWDAF generates an evaluation report, and the evaluation report includes guarantee effects before and after the target user requests the dedicated QoS flow, and/or, a comparison result of the target user's experience with that of other users.
  • NWDAF when a dedicated QoS flow is requested for a target user, NWDAF can also generate an evaluation report, which is mainly used to provide users with a comparison of experience optimization.
  • the rate at which a target user watches a 1080P video is a VVIP user 1
  • the rate at which the user watches a 1080P video is 8Mbps
  • the rate at which the user watches 1080P video is 10Mbps
  • the rate at which the VVIP user 1 watches the 1080P video before and after requesting the dedicated QoS stream increases by 25%.
  • the rate at which the target user watches 1080P video As an example, still taking the rate at which the target user watches 1080P video as an example, assuming that the target user in this embodiment of the application is VVIP user 1, after the VVIP user 1 requests a dedicated QoS stream, the rate at which the user watches 1080P video 10Mbps, while other users (including ordinary users and VIP users) watch 1080P video at a rate of 5Mbps. If other users include 80 users, the rate at which VVIP user 1 watches 1080P video after requesting a dedicated QoS stream exceeds this 80 users. Assuming that there are still 20 VVIP users (including VVIP user 1) in the network at this time, the rate of watching 1080P video after the VVIP user 1 requests the dedicated QoS stream exceeds at least 80% of the users.
  • the evaluation report can also include the guarantee effect before and after the target user requests the dedicated QoS stream, such as the delay of watching 1080P video before and after the target user requests the dedicated QoS stream is reduced 20%, or, the packet loss rate of watching 1080P video before and after the target user requests a dedicated QoS stream is reduced by 5 ⁇ ; it can also include the comparison results of the target user's experience with other users, such as the target user requests a dedicated QoS stream Users who watch 1080P videos with a delay or packet loss rate of at least 80%.
  • the target user in the embodiment of the present application is a VVIP user
  • the other users mentioned above may include ordinary users and VIP users
  • the target user in the embodiment of the present application is a VIP user
  • the above other users may include ordinary user.
  • NWDAF when the target user requests a dedicated QoS flow, NWDAF can also generate an evaluation report, which includes the guarantee effect before and after the target user requests a dedicated QoS flow (for example, if the target user requests a dedicated QoS flow).
  • the rate of watching 1080P video before and after the QoS stream is increased by 25%), and/or, the comparison result of the experience of the target user and other users (the rate of watching the 1080P video after the target user requests the exclusive QoS stream is at least 80% higher than that of the user ); reflect the guarantee effect on target users, increase the stickiness of target users, and further improve the experience of target users.
  • the method 400 further includes: the NWDAF subscribing to the UPF the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user.
  • the UPF accepts the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user subscribed by the NWDAF.
  • the NWDAF can subscribe to the UPF for the actual experience parameters of the target user's first service, and the UPF can subscribe to the NWDAF for the actual experience parameters of the target user's first service, and the UPF can support and accept all the parameters subscribed to by the NWDAF. Describe the actual experience parameters of the first service of the target user.
  • the subsequent UPF may monitor the actual experience parameters of the target user's first service and send the monitoring result to the NWDAF.
  • the parameters in the embodiments of the present application may include rate, delay, and packet loss rate.
  • monitoring can be carried out in the following ways.
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic diagram of rate monitoring provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the abscissa represents time
  • the ordinate represents the number of bytes.
  • T1 and T2 represent the start time and end time of the service flow, respectively.
  • t1-t2 represent unit time (the unit time is not greater than 1 second), and the rate in the time period t1-t2 in this application is the ratio of the number of bytes in the time period t1-t2 to the unit time.
  • the uplink rate is the number of bytes of uplink messages per unit time/unit time; if the downlink rate is monitored, the downlink rate is the number of bytes of downlink messages per unit time/unit time.
  • FIG. 6 it is a schematic diagram of delay monitoring provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • (a) in FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of downlink time delay monitoring
  • (b) in FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of uplink time delay monitoring.
  • the time stamp of the transmission control protocol (transmission control protocol, TCP) downlink message sent by the server to the UPF is 990ms
  • the time stamp of the UPF sending the TCP downlink message to the UE is 10000ms
  • the UPF receives The response time stamp sent by the UE is 10001 ms
  • the delay of UDP can be calculated by the TCP delay of the server of the same business associated with the same user.
  • Delay for example, the measured TCP delay can be used as the UDP delay.
  • NWDAF can obtain the actual experience parameters of the target user's first service by subscribing to the UPF for the actual experience parameters of the target user's first service, and can realize the monitoring and perception of the service experience of the target user's first service , so that the NWDAF judges whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard based on the actual experience parameter, and further, the NWDAF dynamically triggers the establishment of a dedicated QoS flow according to the judgment result, thereby ensuring the high-end experience of the target user.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a communication method 700 provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • the method 700 may include steps 710-730.
  • the PCF determines a first message, where the first message includes the first service of the target user, the target experience parameter of the first service, and a method for judging whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • the first service in this embodiment of the present application may include users watching videos, users playing games, VR, IM, users uploading or downloading files, users browsing web pages, and so on. It should be understood that the first service in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to the services shown above, and should not impose any special limitation on the present application.
  • the target experience parameters in this embodiment of the present application may include a target experience rate, a target experience delay, and a target experience packet loss rate.
  • a target experience rate a target experience rate
  • a target experience delay a target experience packet loss rate.
  • a target experience packet loss rate a target experience packet loss rate.
  • the target experience parameters of the first service may be the same or different, mainly related to the user's 5QI.
  • the target users in this embodiment include VVIP user 1 and VVIP user 2
  • the 5QIs of VVIP user 1 and VVIP user 2 are the same, then the priority of VVIP user 1 is the same as that of VVIP user 2. Therefore, the target experience rate of VVIP user 1 can be equal to the target experience rate of VVIP user 2.
  • VVIP user 1 Assuming that the target users in the embodiment of this application include VVIP user 1 and VIP user 1, since the 5QI of VVIP user 1 is smaller than the 5QI of VIP user 1, that is, the priority of VVIP user 1 is higher than that of VIP user 1, therefore, VVIP user 1
  • the target experience rate of can be greater than the target experience rate of VIP user 1.
  • the target experience delay may be equal to the target experience delay of VVIP user 2.
  • VVIP user 1 Assuming that the target users in the embodiment of this application include VVIP user 1 and VIP user 1, since the 5QI of VVIP user 1 is smaller than the 5QI of VIP user 1, that is, the priority of VVIP user 1 is higher than that of VIP user 1, therefore, VVIP user 1
  • the target experience delay of may be less than the target experience delay of VIP user 1.
  • the target experienced packet loss rate of VVIP user 1 may be equal to the target experienced packet loss rate of VVIP user 2.
  • VVIP user 1 Assuming that the target users in the embodiment of this application include VVIP user 1 and VIP user 1, since the 5QI of VVIP user 1 is smaller than the 5QI of VIP user 1, that is, the priority of VVIP user 1 is higher than that of VIP user 1, therefore, VVIP user 1
  • the target experienced packet loss rate of can be smaller than the target experienced packet loss rate of VIP user 1.
  • the PCF sends the first message to the SMF.
  • the SMF receives the first message sent by the PCF.
  • the SMF sends the first message to the UPF.
  • the UPF receives the first message sent by the SMF.
  • the UPF judges whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the first message and the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user.
  • the UPF after the UPF receives the first message sent by the PCF through the SMF, it can judge whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the first message and the actual experience parameters of the first service of the target user. Please refer to the method below.
  • the UPF When determining that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard, the UPF sends a first notification message to the SMF, where the first notification message is used to notify the SMF that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard.
  • the UPF when it is determined that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard, the UPF sends a first notification message to the SMF for notifying the SMF that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard. It can be understood that the purpose of the first notification message is to notify that the actual experience of the SMF target user is not up to standard.
  • the SMF receives the first notification message sent by the UPF.
  • the SMF sends a second notification message to the PCF, where the second notification message is used to notify the PCF that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard.
  • the SMF may send a second notification message to the PCF for notifying the PCF that the actual experience of the target user has not met the standard. It can be understood that the second notification message is intended to notify that the actual experience of the PCF target user is not up to standard.
  • first notification message is UPF notifying the SMF target user
  • second notification message is that the SMF notifies the PCF that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard.
  • the PCF receives the second notification message sent by the SMF.
  • the PCF sends request parameter information to the SMF according to the second notification message and the adjustment policy, where the request parameter information is used to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the PCF may send request parameter information for requesting a dedicated QoS flow for the target user to the SMF according to the second notification message and the adjustment policy.
  • the dedicated QoS flow requested by the target user is the QoS flow carried by the GBR. Since the resources carried by the GBR are not preempted, all data packets within the promised bandwidth can be forwarded, thereby providing Target users are guaranteed.
  • the UPF after the UPF receives the first message sent by the PCF through the SMF, it can judge whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the first message and the actual experience parameters of the first service of the target user. When the actual experience does not meet the standard, the UPF sends a notification message to the PCF through the SMF. After receiving the notification message, the PCF sends a message to the SMF to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user according to the notification message and the adjustment policy. request parameter information. Since the solution of this application uses the PCF to dynamically trigger the establishment of the dedicated QoS flow, it can have automatic guarantee capabilities and does not need to rely on the cooperation of the OTT, thereby improving user experience.
  • the notification message includes at least one of the following:
  • a user ID of the target user an IP address of the target user, a type of the first service, and a service flow IP quintuple of the first service.
  • the notification message in this embodiment of the present application may include at least one of the above parameters.
  • the user ID of the target user may be used to represent the identity of the user.
  • the IP address of the target user can also be called the IP address of the target user.
  • the IP address is unique. Therefore, when the user uses a certain device, the user's address can be known through the unique IP address.
  • the type of the first service may include multiple types, such as video type, file type, and so on.
  • the service flow IP quintuple of the first service includes: the source IP address of the first service, the source port of the first service, the destination IP address of the first service, the destination port of the first service, and the transport layer protocol for transmitting the first service .
  • the request parameter information includes at least one of the following:
  • the user ID of the target user The user ID of the target user, the IP address of the target user, the type of the first service, the IP quintuple of the service flow of the first service, and the GBR, MBR, and 5QI guaranteeing the first service.
  • the request parameter information in this embodiment of the present application may include at least one of the above parameters.
  • the user ID of the target user may be used to represent the identity of the user.
  • the IP address of the target user can also be called the IP address of the target user.
  • the IP address is unique. Therefore, when the user uses a certain device, the user's address can be known through the unique IP address.
  • the type of the first service may include multiple types, such as video type, file type, and so on.
  • the service flow IP quintuple of the first service includes: the source IP address of the first service, the source port of the first service, the destination IP address of the first service, the destination port of the first service, and the transport layer protocol for transmitting the first service .
  • Guarantee the GBR of the first service that is, guarantee the minimum bit rate of the first service. If the first service is to watch 1080P video, the guaranteed rate of watching 1080P video can be 10Mbps; MBR is the maximum bit rate. If the first service is to watch 1080P video Video, the guaranteed viewing rate of 1080P video can be 500Mbps.
  • the 5QI in this embodiment of the present application is the priority of the GBR bearer requested by the target user, for example, the 5QI is any one of 1-4 or 65-67 or 75.
  • the 5QI may be any one of 1-4
  • the 5QI may be any one of 1-4 or 65-67 or 75.
  • the SMF can transmit the request parameter information to the AMF through the N1N2 message, and the AMF passes the protocol data unit (protocol data unit, The PDU) session resource modification request message sends the request parameter information to the RAN; in addition, the SMF notifies the UPF to create a new QoS flow through the packet forwarding control protocol (packet forwarding control protocol, PFCP) session modification request message; To ensure the experience of target users.
  • protocol data unit protocol data unit, The PDU
  • the PDU protocol data unit
  • the target experience parameter of the first service is statically configured through the PCF.
  • PCF can configure the target experience rate of VVIP users watching 1080P video according to the terminal test data.
  • the target experience rate of 1080P video is 10Mbps.
  • PCF can configure the target experience rate for VVIP users to watch 1080P videos based on industry experience. For example, according to industry experience, it is determined that the rate when users watch 1080P videos is 10 Mbps, then PCF can configure the target experience rate for VVIP users to watch 1080P videos as 10 Mbps.
  • the PCF can set the target experience rate based on the guarantee threshold that the operator wants to give VVIP users. For example, if the operator wants to give VVIP users a guaranteed threshold of 1080P video viewing at 10 Mbps, the PCF can configure the target experience rate for VVIP users to watch 1080P video at 10 Mbps. .
  • the target experience parameter of the first service can be statically configured by the PCF, so as to establish the target experience parameter of the target user's first service, so that the UPF can judge whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard based on the target experience parameter, and further , the PCF dynamically triggers the establishment of a dedicated QoS flow according to the judgment result, so as to ensure the high-end experience of the target user.
  • Step 720 above indicates that the UPF judges whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the first message and the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user.
  • the manner of judging whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard may include the following manners.
  • the UPF judges whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the first message and the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user, including:
  • the parameter is a rate, and if the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than the target experience parameter of the first service within a preset continuous period, the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard;
  • the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard
  • the parameter is delay or packet loss rate. If the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than the target experience parameter of the first service within a preset continuous period, the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user is not Up to standard;
  • the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • the UPF judges whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard according to the first message and the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user, including:
  • the parameter is a rate, and if the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset duration, the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user does not meet the standard;
  • the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard
  • the parameter is delay or packet loss rate. If the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset duration, the UPF judges the actual experience parameter of the target user.
  • the experience is not up to standard;
  • the UPF judges that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • the two ways for UPF to judge whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard are similar to the two ways for NWDAF to judge whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard in the above-mentioned method 400. Whether the user's actual experience meets the standard, and in the embodiment of this application, the UPF judges whether the target user's actual experience meets the standard. For the specific judgment method, please refer to the relevant content in the above-mentioned method 400, which will not be repeated here.
  • Steps 712, 716, 722, 726, and 730 above illustrate that one network element can send a message or parameter information to another network element. When sending, it can be sent through an existing request or report or response in the network. The message or parameter information involved.
  • the PCF sends the first message to the SMF, including:
  • the PCF In response to receiving the PDU session establishment request sent by the SMF, the PCF sends a session management policy control creation response message to the SMF, where the session management policy control creation response message includes the first message.
  • the PCF receives the PDU session establishment request sent by the SMF, and in response to the received PDU session establishment request, may send a session management policy control creation response message to the SMF, and the session management policy control creation response message includes the session management policy control creation response message of this application.
  • the session management policy control creation response message includes the session management policy control creation response message of this application.
  • the SMF sends the first message to the UPF, including:
  • the SMF sends a PFCP session creation request to the UPF, where the PFCP session creation request includes the first message.
  • the first message when the SMF sends the first message to the UPF, the first message can be sent through the PFCP session creation request sent to it. Since the first message in this application does not need to be sent through other additional requests, resources can be saved s expenses.
  • the UPF sends a first notification message to the SMF, including:
  • the UPF sends a PFCP session report request to the SMF, where the PFCP session report request includes the first notification message.
  • the first notification message when the UPF sends the first notification message to the SMF, the first notification message can be sent through the PFCP session report request sent to it, because the first notification message in this application does not need to be sent through other additional report requests , which can save resource overhead.
  • the SMF sends a second notification message to the PCF, including:
  • the SMF sends a session management policy control update request to the PCF, where the session management policy control update request includes the second notification message.
  • the second notification message when the SMF sends the second notification message to the PCF, the second notification message can be sent through the session management policy control update request sent to it, because the second notification message in this application does not need to pass other additional requests Sending can save resource overhead.
  • the PCF sends request parameter information to the SMF according to the notification message and the adjustment policy, including:
  • the PCF sends a session management policy control update response to the SMF according to the notification message and the adjustment policy, where the session management policy control update response includes the request parameter information.
  • the PCF when the PCF sends the request parameter information to the SMF, it can send the request parameter information through the session management policy control update response sent to it. Since the request parameter information in this application does not need to be sent through other additional responses, it can Save resource overhead.
  • PCF policy charging and rules function
  • SMF policy charging and rules function
  • GW-C gateway-control plane
  • GW-U gateway-user plane
  • NWDAF since there is no corresponding Network elements, the new NWDAF can be applied to the 4G network at the same time, and connected with the network elements in the 4G network.
  • the above Figure 4 mainly introduces the monitoring of the actual experience parameters of the first service of the target user through the UPF, and sends the actual experience parameters to NWDAF, and the NWDAF performs further geological analysis based on the received actual experience parameters of the first service of the target user Judging, determining whether the actual experience of the first service of the target user meets the standard, if the actual experience of the first service of the target user does not meet the standard, NWDAF requests a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the UPF sends the actual experience parameters of the target user's first service to the NWDAF, where the NWDAF needs to subscribe to the UPR for the real-time data of the target user's first service, and the amount of data interaction between the UPF and the NWDAF is large, resulting in performance loss of the UPF and the NWDAF larger.
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 11 of this application proposes another communication method, which solves the problem between UPF and NWDAF caused by the UPF in the embodiment of Figure 4 sending the actual experience parameters of the first service of the target user monitored in real time to the NWDAF The problem of large performance loss.
  • the communication method 1100 provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 11 .
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a communication method 1100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method 1100 may include steps 1110-1130.
  • the UPF receives the quality reference of the first service of the target user from the NWDAF.
  • the NWDAF sends the quality reference of the first service of the target user to the UPF.
  • the quality baseline of the first service is used to determine whether the experience of the target user is up to standard.
  • the target user in this embodiment of the application may be a VVIP user in this document, or a VIP user in this document.
  • the first service in the embodiment of the present application may include users watching videos, users playing games, virtual reality (virtual reality, VR), instant messaging (instant messaging, IM), users uploading or downloading files, users browsing webpages, etc. It should be understood that the first service in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to the services shown above, and should not impose any special limitation on the present application.
  • the UPF may also receive the service type of the first service of the target user and the predefined rule name of the target user from the NWDAF.
  • the service type of the first service of the target user refers to the service type of the first service and/or the application type of the service type.
  • the service type of the first service may be live broadcast, video, game, file, etc.
  • the application type of the service type may be Douyin, Taobao, Kuaishou, etc.
  • the predefined rule name of the target user is used to identify the contract package of the target user, and the contract package is the contract package of the first service.
  • the target user has signed a Douyin live broadcast business package with the operator, which may include the rate guarantee rules for the operator to provide the Douyin live broadcast service for the target user (guarantee rules include: guarantee duration, guarantee rate, number of guarantees, etc.).
  • the UPF receives the service type of the first service of the target user from the NWDAF and the predefined rule name of the target user, and the UPF monitors the rate of the first service of the target user.
  • the contract package may also include other parameter guarantee rules provided by the operator for the target user, such as delay guarantee rules and packet loss rate guarantee rules. This application is not limited to this.
  • NWDAF determines the quality benchmark of the target user's first service, it can be configured through NWDAF statically, or can be determined through NWDAF statistics on historical data, wherein the static configuration of NWDAF and historical data statistics can refer to the description in Figure 4, here No longer.
  • the quality benchmark of the first service is the same as the target experience parameter of the first service in FIG. 4 above, and is used to judge whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • the experience parameter may include at least one of the following: rate, delay, and packet loss rate.
  • the rate may include an uplink rate and/or a downlink rate.
  • the time delay may include uplink time delay and/or downlink time delay.
  • the UPF sends a second message to the NWDAF, where the second message is used to indicate that the experience of the target user does not meet the standard, and the second message It includes the user identification ID of the target user and the service flow of the first service.
  • the second message may further include the type of the first service and/or the degradation level of the first service.
  • the degradation class level of the first service is used to indicate the distance between the experience parameter of the first service and the quality reference of the first service.
  • the degradation level is greater; when the experience parameter of the first service is smaller than the quality reference of the first service, the degradation level is greater.
  • the level is smaller. In other words, the greater the difference between the experience parameter of the first service and the quality reference of the first service, the higher the degradation level; the smaller the difference between the experience parameter of the first service and the quality reference of the first service, the higher the degradation level lower.
  • the UPF monitors the experience parameter of the first service of the target user, and determines whether the experience parameter of the first service of the target user meets the standard based on the quality benchmark of the first service of the target user.
  • the detailed description of the UPF monitoring the experience parameters of the first service of the target user refers to the description in step 410 in FIG. 4 .
  • the UPF determines whether the experience of the target user's first service meets the standard according to the experience parameter of the target user's first service and the quality reference received from the NWDAF target user's first service.
  • the manner of judging whether the experience of the target user is up to standard may include the following manners.
  • the UPF judges whether the experience of the target user meets the standard according to the experience parameter of the target user's first service and the quality benchmark of the first service, including one or more of the following:
  • the experience parameter is the rate. If the experience parameter of the first service is less than or equal to the quality benchmark of the first service in multiple periods, the UPF judges that the experience of the target user is not up to standard.
  • the experience parameter is delay. If the experience parameter of the first service is greater than or equal to the quality benchmark of the first service in multiple periods, the UPF judges that the experience of the target user is not up to standard.
  • the experience parameter is a packet loss rate. If the experience parameter of the first service is greater than or equal to the quality benchmark of the first service in multiple periods, the UPF judges that the experience of the target user does not meet the standard.
  • multiple cycles in the embodiment of the present application may be multiple continuous cycles or multiple discontinuous cycles.
  • the UPF judges whether the experience of the target user meets the standard according to the experience parameter of the target user's first service and the quality benchmark of the first service, including one or more of the following:
  • the experience parameter is a rate, and if the proportion of time that does not meet the quality standard within the preset time length is greater than or equal to the sixth threshold, the experience parameter of the first service is less than or equal to the quality standard of the first service, UPF It is judged that the experience of the target user is not up to standard,
  • the experience parameter is time delay, and if the proportion of time that does not meet the quality standard within the preset time length is greater than or equal to the seventh threshold, the experience parameter of the first service is greater than or equal to the quality standard of the first service, UPF judges that the experience of the target user is not up to standard,
  • the experience parameter is the packet loss rate, and if the proportion of the time that does not meet the quality standard within the preset time length is greater than or equal to the eighth threshold, the experience parameter of the first service is greater than or equal to the quality standard of the first service , UPF judges that the experience of the target user is not up to standard.
  • the two ways for UPF to judge whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard are similar to the two ways for NWDAF to judge whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard in the above-mentioned method 400. Whether the user's experience is up to standard, but in the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 of this application, the UPF judges whether the actual experience of the target user is up to standard.
  • the UPF judges whether the actual experience of the target user is up to standard.
  • a specific determination method please refer to relevant content in the above-mentioned method 400, and details are not repeated here.
  • the UPF determines that the experience of the target user does not meet the standard, and sends a second message to the NWDAF.
  • the NWDAF receives the second message from the UPF, and the NWDAF determines whether to send a request message to the PCF according to the second message and the first condition, as in the method shown in FIG. 11 , the method further includes:
  • the NWDAF sends a request message to the PCF according to the second message.
  • the PCF receives the request message from the NWDAF.
  • the request message is used to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the dedicated QoS flow requested by the NWDAF for the target user is the QoS flow carried by the GBR.
  • the GBR bears the dedicated QoS flow requested by the target user. Within the bandwidth carried by the GBR, all data packets of the target user can be forwarded, thereby providing guarantee for the target user.
  • the request message may include the target user's Internet Protocol IP address and maximum bit rate.
  • the IP address of the target user can also be called the Internet Protocol address of the target user.
  • the IP address is unique. Therefore, when the user uses a certain device, he can know the user's IP address through the unique IP address. address.
  • the maximum bit rate is the upper limit of the rate that the GBR can achieve.
  • the upper limit of the rate that can be achieved is the maximum bit rate (MBR).
  • MBR maximum bit rate
  • AMBR aggregate maximum bit rate
  • the request message may further include at least one of the following: a user ID of the target user, a type of the first service, a service flow of the first service, and a guaranteed bit rate (GBR) guaranteeing the first service.
  • GBR guaranteed bit rate
  • the user ID of the target user may be used to represent the identity of the user.
  • the service flow of the first service includes: the source IP address of the first service, the source port of the first service, the destination IP address of the first service, the destination port of the first service, and the transport layer protocol for transmitting the first service.
  • the GBR guaranteeing the first service means the minimum bit rate of the first service. If the first service is to watch 1080P video, the guaranteed rate of watching 1080P video can be 10Mbps; MBR is the maximum bit rate. For example, the first service is Watching 1080P video, the guaranteed viewing rate of 1080P video can be 500Mbps. It should be understood that the 1080P is a video explicit format, where P represents progressive scan progressive scan. 1080P means that the video has a resolution of 1920x1080, and the pixels can reach 2 million.
  • the first condition may include at least one of the following:
  • the radio resource usage rate of the cell to which the target user belongs is less than or equal to the first threshold
  • the signal quality of the target user is greater than or equal to the second threshold
  • the guarantee times in the subscription information of the target user is less than or equal to the third threshold
  • the number of QoS flows specific to the cell to which the target user belongs is less than or equal to the fourth threshold.
  • the first condition is related to the congestion state of the cell to which the target user belongs, the signal quality of the target user, the subscription information of the target user, and the upper limit of the number of QoS flows specific to the cell to which the target user belongs.
  • the congestion state of the cell to which the target user belongs may be represented by the radio resource usage rate of the cell to which the target user belongs.
  • the signal quality information of the target user may include at least one of the following: signal quality, signal power, and signal-to-interference ratio.
  • the subscription information of the target user may be the guarantee times of the target user.
  • the guarantee times of the target user are determined according to the target user's subscription package, and the content of the subscription package may be determined by the operator.
  • the upper limit of the number of QoS flows dedicated to the cell to which the target user belongs is determined by the operator.
  • the first condition is related to the congestion state of the target cell.
  • the congestion state of the cell to which the target user belongs is divided into three congestion levels (mild, moderate, and severe).
  • the mild level is that the radio resource usage rate in the cell is less than 40%
  • the moderate level is that the radio resource usage rate in the cell is greater than or equal to 40% and less than or equal to 70%
  • the severe level is the radio resource usage rate in the cell The rate is greater than 70%.
  • the first threshold is set to 70%
  • NWDAF determines that the current wireless resource usage rate of the cell to which the target user belongs is 23%, and the wireless resource usage rate is less than the first threshold
  • NWDAF determines that the target user meets the first condition
  • NWDAF sends a message to the PCF Send a request message to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • NWDAF determines that the current wireless resource usage rate of the cell to which the target user belongs is 55%, and the wireless resource usage rate is less than the first threshold
  • NWDAF determines that the target user meets the first condition
  • NWDAF sends a request message to the PCF to request a dedicated radio resource for the target user.
  • the NWDAF determines that the current radio resource utilization rate of the target user's cell is 90%, the radio resource utilization rate is greater than the first threshold, and the NWDAF determines that the target user does not meet the first condition, the NWDAF does not send a request message to the PCF.
  • the first condition is related to signal quality information of the target user. For example, when the signal quality of the target user is greater than or equal to the second threshold, it indicates that the signal quality of the target user is strong; when the signal quality of the user is less than the second threshold, it indicates that the signal quality of the target user is weak.
  • the NWDAF determines that the signal quality of the target user is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the NWDAF sends a request message to the PCF.
  • the NWDAF determines that the signal quality of the target user is less than the second threshold, the NWDAF does not send a request message to the PCF.
  • the first condition is related to the subscription information of the target user.
  • the experience guarantee in the package signed by the target user is 100 times/100 hours per month.
  • NWDAF determines that the target user meets the first condition, and NWDAF sends a request message to PCF to request a special There is a Quality of Service QoS flow.
  • NWDAF determines that the target user does not meet the first condition, and NWDAF does not send a request message to the PCF as the target A user requests a dedicated QoS flow.
  • the first condition is related to the subscription information of the target user.
  • the experience guarantee in the package signed by the target user is 100 times/100 hours per month.
  • NWDAF determines that the target user meets the first condition, and NWDAF sends a request message to PCF to request a special There is a Quality of Service QoS flow.
  • NWDAF determines that the target user does not meet the first condition, and NWDAF does not send a request message to the PCF as the target A user requests a dedicated QoS flow.
  • the first condition is related to the upper limit of the number of QoS flows specific to the cell to which the target user belongs. For example, assume that the upper limit of the number of QoS flows in the cell is 500, that is, the fourth threshold is 500.
  • the NWDAF determines that the number of QoS flows in the cell is 450.
  • the NWDAF determines that the target user meets the first condition.
  • the NWDAF sends a request message to the PCF to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the NWDAF determines that the number of QoS flows in the cell is 500, and the NWDAF determines that the target user does not meet the first condition, and the NWDAF does not send the request message to the PCF.
  • the method shown in FIG. 11 further includes: the NWDAF sends a request message to the PCF through the N5 interface.
  • the NWDAF may also send the request message to the PCF through other interfaces.
  • using the existing N5 interface can save the deployment cost between NWDAF and PCF, simplify the network architecture, facilitate network operation and maintenance, and improve communication efficiency. Subsequent descriptions will be made by taking the communication between the NWDAF and the PCF through the N5 interface as an example.
  • the request message may include the user identification ID of the target user.
  • the user ID can be used to represent the identity of the user.
  • the user identification ID can be the mobile phone number of the target user of the public user identification (generic public subscription identifier, GPSI), or the user permanent identification (subscription permanent identifier, SUPI), that is, the target user's international mobile subscriber identification number (international mobile subscriber identification) number, IMSI) or called the IMSI card number.
  • the request message may contain the Internet Protocol IP address of the target user.
  • the user's address can be known through the unique IP address.
  • the Internet Protocol IP address of the target user may include an IPv6 address serving the target user and/or an IPv4 address serving the target user.
  • the request message may contain a Guaranteed Bit Rate GBR for the first service, which may include the minimum requested bandwidth for the uplink and/or the minimum requested bandwidth for the downlink .
  • the request message may contain the maximum bit rate.
  • This maximum bit rate is the upper limit of what the GBR can achieve.
  • the maximum bit rate may comprise a maximum requested bandwidth for the uplink and/or a maximum requested bandwidth for the downlink.
  • NWDAF when NWDAF sends a request message to PCF, it can be sent through the existing N5 interface in the network, and there is no need to expand other interfaces (such as N2, N3 interfaces) to establish a QoS flow for the user's service request, reducing service configuration. While reducing the complexity of the PCF interface, it reduces the cost of PCF interface transformation and improves resource utilization.
  • the method 1100 when a dedicated QoS flow is requested for the target user, the method 1100 further includes:
  • the NWDAF generates an evaluation report, and the evaluation report includes the guarantee effect before and after requesting the dedicated QoS flow for the target user, and/or the comparison result of the experience of the target user and other users.
  • NWDAF sends the evaluation report to the target user.
  • NWDAF when a dedicated QoS flow is requested for a target user, NWDAF can also generate an evaluation report, which is mainly used to provide users with experience optimization comparisons and improve user stickiness.
  • the NWDAF may stop using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user according to the exit guarantee mechanism.
  • the NWDAF receives the third message through the N5 interface.
  • the NWDAF stops using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the third message is used to indicate the target user's policy control network element PDU session release or the target user's first service
  • the service data flow (SDF) ends.
  • the third message may also be that the service flow of the first service of the target user has all ended, or the target user goes offline, and the NWDAF stops using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the NWDAF determines that the guaranteed duration of the target user reaches the fifth threshold, and the NWDAF stops using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the fifth threshold is used to represent the package acceleration duration threshold in the target user's subscription information.
  • the target user's subscription package is a 199 yuan package (the content of the user's subscription package is determined by the operator), it is assumed that the guaranteed duration of the subscription package is 100 hours. NWDAF determines that the guaranteed duration of the target user reaches 100 hours at this time, and NWDAF stops using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the NWDAF determines that the congestion state of the cell to which the target user belongs changes, the NWDAF stops using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • NWDAF when NWDAF determines that the congestion state of the cell to which the target user belongs changes from moderate congestion to severe congestion or severe congestion, NWDAF actively releases the dedicated QoS flow of the target user and stops using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user. There is a Quality of Service QoS flow.
  • NWDAF determines to stop using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user according to the above conditions, so as to further avoid waste of resources.
  • the UPF monitors the experience parameters of the first service of the target user, and judges according to the experience parameters of the first service obtained through monitoring and the quality reference of the first service received from NWDAF, and determines the quality of the first service
  • the UPF sends a second message to the NWDAF.
  • the second message is used to indicate that the first service experience of the target user is not up to standard
  • NWDAF determines whether the target user satisfies the first condition and judges whether to send a message to the PCF according to the second message to request dedicated quality of service QoS for the target user.
  • the request message for the stream is used to indicate that the first service experience of the target user is not up to standard.
  • the NWDAF sends the request message to the PCF according to the second message.
  • the technical solution provided by the above embodiments avoids the interaction between NWDAF and UPF to subscribe target user information, reduces the performance loss between UPF and NWDAF, and at the same time, NWDAF determines whether to dynamically trigger the establishment of a dedicated QoS flow, which can have The automatic guarantee capability does not need to rely on the cooperation of OTT, which can improve user experience.
  • FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are schematic structural diagrams of possible communication devices provided by the embodiments of the present application. These communication devices can implement the functions of the network equipment in the above method embodiments, and thus can also realize the beneficial effects of the above method embodiments. For the parts that are not described in detail, please refer to the content of the above method embodiments.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 1000 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device 1000 may include a transceiver module 1010 and a processing module 1020 .
  • the transceiver module 1010 is used to receive the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user sent by the user plane function UPF; the processing module 1020, for judging whether the actual experience of the target user is up to standard according to the actual experience parameter of the first service and the target experience parameter of the first service; When the actual experience does not meet the standard, a request message is sent to the policy control function PCF, where the request message is used to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the request message includes at least one of the following:
  • the user identification ID of the target user The user identification ID of the target user, the Internet Protocol IP address of the target user, the type of the first service, the IP quintuple of the service flow of the first service, and the guaranteed bit rate of the first service GBR, maximum bit rate MBR.
  • the processing module 1020 is specifically configured to:
  • the parameter is a rate, and if the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than the target experience parameter of the first service within a preset continuous period, it is judged that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard;
  • the parameter is delay or packet loss rate, and if the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than the target experience parameter of the first service within a preset continuous period, it is judged that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard;
  • the processing module 1020 is specifically configured to:
  • the parameter is a rate, and if the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset duration, it is judged that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard;
  • the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than or equal to the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset duration, it is judged that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard;
  • the parameter is delay or packet loss rate, and if the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset duration, it is judged that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard ;
  • the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than or equal to the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset duration, it is determined that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • the target experience parameter of the first service is determined according to a statistical analysis method of historical data or is statically configured by the NWDAF.
  • the transceiver module 1010 is specifically configured to:
  • the processing module 1020 is further configured to:
  • An evaluation report is generated, where the evaluation report includes guarantee effects before and after the target user requests the dedicated QoS flow, and/or a comparison result of the target user's experience with that of other users.
  • the processing module 1020 is further configured to:
  • the parameters include at least one of the following: rate, delay, and packet loss rate.
  • the processing module 1020 is used to monitor the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user;
  • the data analysis function NWDAF sends the actual experience parameters of the first service of the target user.
  • the processing module 1020 is further configured to:
  • the parameters include at least one of the following: rate, delay, and packet loss rate.
  • the transceiver module 1010 is used to receive the first message sent by the session management function SMF, the first message includes the first service, the target experience parameter of the first service, and a method for judging whether the actual experience of the target user is up to standard; the processing module 1020 judges according to the first message and the actual experience parameter of the first service of the target user Whether the actual experience of the target user is up to standard; the transceiver module 1010 is further configured to send a first notification message to the SMF when it is determined that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard, and the first notification message is used for Informing the SMF that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard.
  • the notification message includes at least one of the following:
  • the user identification ID of the target user The user identification ID of the target user, the Internet Protocol IP address of the target user, the type of the first service, and the service flow IP quintuple of the first service.
  • the processing module 1020 is specifically configured to:
  • the parameter is a rate, and if the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than the target experience parameter of the first service within a preset continuous period, it is judged that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard;
  • the parameter is delay or packet loss rate, and if the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than the target experience parameter of the first service within a preset continuous period, it is judged that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard;
  • the processing module 1020 is specifically configured to:
  • the parameter is a rate, and if the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset duration, it is judged that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard;
  • the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than or equal to the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset duration, it is judged that the actual experience of the target user is up to standard;
  • the parameter is delay or packet loss rate, and if the actual experience parameter of the first service is greater than the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset duration, it is judged that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard ;
  • the actual experience parameter of the first service is less than or equal to the target experience parameter of the first service during a part of the preset time period, it is determined that the actual experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • the transceiver module 1010 is specifically configured to:
  • the parameters include at least one of the following: rate, delay, and packet loss rate.
  • the target experience parameter of the first service When the communication device 1000 is used to realize the function of the SMF in the method embodiment shown in FIG. service, the target experience parameter of the first service, and a method for judging whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard; sending the first message to the UPF; receiving the first notification message sent by the UPF, and the first notification The message is used to notify the SMF that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard; and a second notification message is sent to the PCF, where the second notification message is used to notify the PCF that the actual experience of the target user is not up to standard.
  • the transceiver module 1010 is specifically configured to:
  • the transceiver module 1010 is specifically configured to:
  • the parameters include at least one of the following: rate, delay, and packet loss rate.
  • the processing module 1020 is used to determine the first message, the first message includes the first The target experience parameter of the service, the method for judging whether the actual experience of the target user meets the standard; the transceiver module 1010 is configured to send the first message to the session management function SMF; receive the second notification message sent by the SMF, The second notification message is used to notify the PCF that the actual experience of the target is not up to standard; send request parameter information to the SMF according to the second notification message and the adjustment policy, and the request parameter information is used for The target user requests a dedicated QoS flow.
  • the request parameter information includes at least one of the following:
  • the user identification ID of the target user The user identification ID of the target user, the Internet Protocol IP address of the target user, the type of the first service, the IP quintuple of the service flow of the first service, and the guaranteed bit rate of the first service GBR, Maximum Bit Rate MBR, 5G Quality of Service Indicator 5QI.
  • the transceiver module 1010 is specifically configured to:
  • the PCF In response to receiving the protocol data unit PDU session establishment request sent by the SMF, the PCF sends a session management policy control creation response message to the SMF, where the session management policy control creation response message includes the first message.
  • the target experience parameter of the first service is statically configured through the PCF.
  • the transceiver module 1010 is specifically configured to:
  • the parameters include at least one of the following: rate, delay, and packet loss rate.
  • the transceiver module 1010 is used to receive a second message from the user plane function UPF, where the second message is used to indicate the first service of the target user
  • the second message includes the user ID of the target user and the service flow of the first service
  • the processing module 1020 determines that the target user meets the first condition
  • the transceiver module 1010 is also used to report
  • the function PCF sends a request message, which is used to request a dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the first condition includes at least one of the following: the radio resource usage rate of the cell to which the target user belongs is less than or equal to a first threshold; the signal quality of the target user is greater than or equal to a second threshold; The guaranteed number of times in the subscription information of the target user is less than or equal to a third threshold; the number of QoS flows specific to the cell to which the target user belongs is less than or equal to a fourth threshold.
  • the request message includes the target user's Internet Protocol IP address and maximum bit rate.
  • the request message includes at least one of the following: the user identification ID of the target user, the type of the first service, the service flow of the first service, the guarantee bit for guaranteeing the first service Rate GBR.
  • the transceiving module 1010 sends the request message to the PCF through the N5 interface.
  • the processing module 1020 generates an evaluation report, and the evaluation report includes the guarantee effect before and after the target user requests the dedicated QoS flow, and/or, the experience between the target user and other users comparison results.
  • the transceiving module 1010 sends the evaluation report to the target user.
  • the transceiving module 1010 sends the quality baseline of the first service of the target user to the UPF, and the quality baseline of the first service is used to determine whether the experience of the target user meets the standard.
  • the transceiving module 1010 sends the type of the first service and the target user's predefined rule name to the UPF, where the predefined rule name is used to identify the target user's subscription package, the The contract package is the contract package of the first service.
  • the quality baseline of the first service is determined according to historical data statistics, or is statically configured through the NWDAF.
  • the processing module 1020 stops using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user according to the exit guarantee mechanism.
  • the processing module 1020 stops using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user according to the exit guarantee mechanism, including:
  • the processing module 1020 stops using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user, and/or,
  • the processing module 1020 stops using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user, and/or,
  • the processing module 1020 stops using the dedicated QoS flow for the target user.
  • the second message also includes the type of the first service and/or the degradation level of the first service.
  • the transceiver module 1010 receives the quality reference of the first service of the target user from the network data analysis function NWDAF; when the experience parameter of the first service is not When the quality standard of the first service is met, the transceiver module 1010 sends a second message to the network data analysis function NWDAF, the second message is used to indicate that the experience of the target user is not up to standard, and the second message includes the target user's user Identify the ID and the service flow of the first service.
  • the transceiving module 1010 receives the type of the first service from the NWDAF and the predefined rule name of the target user, where the predefined rule name is used to identify the subscription package of the target user,
  • the contract package is the contract package of the first service.
  • the second message further includes: the type of the first service and/or the degradation level of the first service.
  • the transceiver module 1010 when the experience parameter of the first service does not meet the quality benchmark of the first service, the transceiver module 1010 sends a second message to the network data analysis function NWDAF, including one or more of the following item:
  • the experience parameter is a rate, and if the experience parameter of the first service is less than or equal to the quality reference of the first service in multiple periods, the processing unit 1020 determines that the experience of the target user does not meet the standard,
  • the experience parameter is time delay, if the experience parameter of the first service is greater than or equal to the quality reference of the first service in multiple periods, the processing unit 1020 determines that the experience of the target user does not meet the standard,
  • the experience parameter is a packet loss rate, and if the experience parameter of the first service is greater than or equal to the quality reference of the first service within multiple periods, the processing unit 1020 determines that the experience of the target user is not up to standard.
  • the transceiver module 1010 when the experience parameter of the first service does not meet the quality benchmark of the first service, the transceiver module 1010 sends a second message to the network data analysis function NWDAF, including one or more of the following item:
  • the experience parameter is a rate, and if the proportion of time that does not meet the quality standard within the preset time length is greater than or equal to the sixth threshold, the experience parameter of the first service is less than or equal to the quality standard of the first service, the processing Unit 1020 determines that the experience of the target user is not up to standard,
  • the experience parameter is time delay, and if the proportion of time that does not meet the quality standard within the preset time length is greater than or equal to the seventh threshold, the experience parameter of the first service is greater than or equal to the quality standard of the first service, the The processing unit 1020 determines that the experience of the target user is not up to standard,
  • the experience parameter is a packet loss rate, and if the proportion of time that does not meet the quality standard within the preset time length is greater than or equal to the eighth threshold, the experience parameter of the first service is greater than or equal to the quality standard of the first service, The processing unit 1020 determines that the experience of the target user is not up to standard.
  • the rate includes an uplink rate and/or a downlink rate.
  • the time delay includes uplink time delay and/or downlink time delay.
  • the quality benchmark of the first service is determined according to historical data statistics, or is statically configured through the NWDAF.
  • a communication device 900 includes a processor 910 and an interface circuit 920 .
  • the processor 910 and the interface circuit 920 are coupled to each other.
  • the interface circuit 920 may be a transceiver or an input-output interface.
  • the communication device 900 may further include a memory 930 for storing instructions executed by the processor 910 or storing input data required by the processor 910 to execute the instructions or storing data generated after the processor 910 executes the instructions.
  • the processor 910 is used to execute the functions of the above-mentioned processing module 1020
  • the interface circuit 920 is used to execute the functions of the above-mentioned transceiver module 1010 .
  • the network equipment chip implements the functions of the network equipment in the above method embodiments.
  • the network device chip receives information from other modules in the network device (such as radio frequency modules or antennas); or, the network device chip sends information to other modules in the network device (such as radio frequency modules or antennas).
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the chip 1400 shown in FIG. 10 includes a processor 1410, and the processor 1410 can call and run a computer program from a memory, so as to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the chip 1400 may further include a memory 1420 .
  • the processor 1410 can call and run a computer program from the memory 1420 to execute the steps of the method 300 or the method 800 in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the memory 1420 may be an independent device independent of the processor 1410 , or may be integrated in the processor 1410 .
  • the chip 1400 may also include an input interface 1430 .
  • the processor 1410 can control the input interface 1430 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, can obtain information or data sent by other devices or chips.
  • the chip 1400 may also include an output interface 1440 .
  • the processor 1410 can control the output interface 1440 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, can output information or data to other devices or chips.
  • the chip can be applied to the network device in the embodiment of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the methods of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the methods of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the chip mentioned in the embodiment of the present application may also be called a system-on-chip, a system-on-chip, a system-on-a-chip, or a system-on-a-chip.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer programs.
  • the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the network device in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program enables the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the methods of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the computer program enables the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the methods of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions.
  • the computer program product may be applied to the network device in the embodiment of the present application, and the computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding process implemented by the network device in each method of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the Let me repeat for the sake of brevity, the Let me repeat.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program.
  • the computer program can be applied to the network device in the embodiment of the present application, and when the computer program is run on the computer, the computer executes the corresponding process implemented by the network device in each method of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the computer program can be applied to the network device in the embodiment of the present application, and when the computer program is run on the computer, the computer executes the corresponding process implemented by the network device in each method of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a communication system.
  • the communication system can be applied to the network device in the embodiment of the present application, including: one or more of: a network data analysis function NWDAF, a user plane function UPF, a session management function SMF, and a policy control network element PCF.
  • NWDAF network data analysis function
  • UPF user plane function
  • SMF session management function
  • PCF policy control network element
  • processor in the embodiments of the present application may be a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), and may also be other general processors, digital signal processors (digital signal processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuits (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), field programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • a general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor.
  • the method steps in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by means of hardware, or may be implemented by means of a processor executing software instructions.
  • the software instructions can be composed of corresponding software modules, and the software modules can be stored in random access memory (random access memory, RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM) , PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM), register, hard disk, mobile hard disk, CD-ROM or known in the art any other form of storage medium.
  • An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
  • the storage medium may also be a component of the processor.
  • the processor and storage medium can be located in the ASIC.
  • the ASIC may be located in the access network device or the terminal device.
  • the processor and the storage medium may also exist in the access network device or the terminal device as discrete components.
  • all or part of them may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof.
  • software When implemented using software, it may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product comprises one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are executed in whole or in part.
  • the computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer program or instructions may be stored in or transmitted via a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server integrating one or more available media.
  • Described usable medium can be magnetic medium, for example, floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape; It can also be optical medium, for example, digital versatile disc (digital versatile disc, DVD); It can also be semiconductor medium, for example, solid state hard drive (solid state disk, SSD).
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative, and the division of the modules is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, for example, multiple modules or components may be combined.
  • the mutual coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or modules.
  • “at least one” means one or more, and “multiple” means two or more.
  • “And/or” describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three types of relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A, B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the contextual objects are an “or” relationship; in the formulas of this application, the character “/” indicates that the contextual objects are a "division” Relationship.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种通信方法和通信装置，该方法包括：网络数据分析功能NWDAF接收用户平面功能UPF发送的目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数；所述NWDAF根据所述第一业务的实际体验参数和所述第一业务的目标体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标；在确定所述目标用户的实际体验未达标时，所述NWDAF向策略控制功能PCF发送请求消息，所述请求消息用于为所述目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。本申请提供的方案可以具备自动保障能力，也不需要依赖OTT的配合，从而可以提升用户体验。

Description

通信方法和通信装置
本申请要求于2021年09月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111161739.7、申请名称为“通信方法和通信装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请要求于2022年04月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210471179.3、申请名称为“通信方法和通信装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及通信领域，尤其涉及一种通信方法和通信装置。
背景技术
在无线系统中，当出现无线拥塞时，极重要用户(veryveryimportant person，VVIP)由于优先级高得到优先调度，但因为非保证比特速率(non-guaranteed bit rate，Non-GBR)承载在无线拥塞时会出现丢包的情况，运营商针对VVIP用户无法实时感知体验劣化，也无法主动触发专载保障，VVIP高端用户与其他用户的体验差距不明显。
针对这种情况，一种解决方案是用户设备(user equipment，UE)主动发起请求，当出现无线拥塞时，UE通过互联网向用户提供各种应用服务(over the top，OTT)向运营商启动加速请求，运营商加速平台鉴权通过后，通过网络开放功能(network exposure function，NEF)启动服务质量(quality of service，QoS)保障申请，策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)接收到该保障申请后，为待加速的用户的特定业务建立QoS专载。然而这种方案不具备自动保障能力，需终端主动触发，且需要依赖OTT的配合才可实现，导致用户体验差。
另一种解决方案是PCF通过向网络数据分析功能(network data analytics function，NWDAF)订阅用户的体验平均意见值(mean opinion score，MOS)信息，并决策是否启动QoS保障申请。NWDAF从UPF采集历史网络关键性能指标(key performance indicator，KPI)信息，从OTT采集历史业务MOS信息，基于历史数据机器学习，建立MOS-KPI体验模型，并在线实时采集网络KPI，推理用户的各业务实时体验MOS。PCF向NWDAF订阅用户的体验MOS，并决策是否启动Qos保障申请。在决策启动QoS保障申请的情况下，为该用户的特定业务建立QoS专载。然而这种方案需要依赖OTT的配合才可实现，导致用户体验差。
发明内容
本申请提供一种通信方法和通信装置，可以具备自动保障能力，也不需要依赖OTT的配合，提升用户体验。
第一方面，提供一种通信方法，包括：网络数据分析功能NWDAF接收用户平面功能UPF发送的目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数；
所述NWDAF根据所述第一业务的实际体验参数和所述第一业务的目标体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标；
在确定所述目标用户的实际体验未达标时，所述NWDAF向策略控制功能PCF发送请求消息，所述请求消息用于为所述目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。
本申请提供的方案，NWDAF接收UPF发送的目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数，并根据该目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数和该第一业务的目标体验参数判断该目标用户的实际体验是否达标，且在未达标时，NWDAF向PCF发送用于为该目标用户请求专有QoS流的请求消息。由于本申请的方案是由NWDAF动态触发专有QoS流的建立，可以具备自动保障能力，也不需要依赖OTT的配合，从而可以提升用户体验。
结合第一方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述请求消息包括以下至少一种：
所述目标用户的用户标识ID、所述目标用户的互联网协议IP地址、所述第一业务的类型、所述第一业务的业务流IP五元组、保障所述第一业务的保证比特速率GBR、最大比特速率MBR。
结合第一方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述NWDAF根据所述第一业务的实际体验参数和所述第一业务的目标体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标，包括：
所述参数为速率，若在预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标；
或，
所述参数为时延或丢包率，若在预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标。
本申请提供的方案，NWDAF可以根据预设连续周期内第一业务的实际体验参数与第一业务的目标体验参数的大小判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标，即，在参数为速率的情况下，若在预设连续周期内第一业务的实际体验参数小于第一业务的目标体验参数，NWDAF判断目标用户的实际体验未达标，反之则达标；在参数为时延或丢包率的情况下，若在预设连续周期内第一业务的实际体验参数大于第一业务的目标体验参数，NWDAF判断目标用户的实际体验未达标，反之则达标；便于NWDAF根据判断结果动态触发专有QoS流的建立，从而保障目标用户的高端体验。
结合第一方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述NWDAF根据所述第一业务的实际体验参数和所述第一业务的目标体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标，包括：
所述参数为速率，若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标；
或，
所述参数为时延或丢包率，若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标。
本申请提供的方案，NWDAF可以根据在预设时长内的部分时长第一业务的实际体验参数与第一业务的目标体验参数的大小判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标，即，在参数为速率的情况下，若在预设时长内的部分时长第一业务的实际体验参数小于第一业务的目标体验参数，NWDAF判断目标用户的实际体验未达标，反之则达标；在参数为时延或丢包率的情况下，若在预设时长内的部分时长第一业务的实际体验参数大于第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断目标用户的实际体验未达标，反之则达标；便于NWDAF根据判断结果动态触发专有QoS流的建立，从而保障目标用户的高端体验。
结合第一方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述第一业务的目标体验参数根据历史数据统计分析法确定或通过所述NWDAF静态配置。
本申请提供的方案，第一业务的目标体验参数可以根据历史数据统计分析法确定或通过NWDAF静态配置，从而建立目标用户的第一业务的目标体验参数，便于NWDAF基于该目标体验参数判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标，进一步地，NWDAF根据判断结果动态触发专有QoS流的建立，从而保障目标用户的高端体验。
结合第一方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述NWDAF向PCF发送请求消息，包括：
所述NWDAF通过N5接口向所述PCF发送所述请求消息。
本申请实施例中，NWDAF向PCF发送所述请求消息时，可以通过网络中已有的N5接口发送，不需要额外扩展其它接口即可为用户的业务请求建立QoS专载，可以减少业务配置的复杂性。
结合第一方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，在为所述目标用户请求到所述专有QoS流的情况下，所述方法还包括：
所述NWDAF生成评估报告，所述评估报告包括为所述目标用户请求到所述专有QoS流前后的保障效果，和/或，所述目标用户与其它用户的体验的对比结果。
本申请提供的方案，在为目标用户请求到专有QoS流的情况下，NWDAF还可以生成评估报告，该评估包括为目标用户请求到专有QoS流前后的保障效果(如目标用户请求到专有QoS流前后观看1080P视频的速率提升了25％)，和/或，目标用户与其它用户的体验的对比结果(目标用户请求到专有QoS流之后观看1080P视频的速率至少超过80％的用户)；体现对目标用户的保障效果，增加目标用户的粘性，进一步地，可以提升目标用户的体验。
结合第一方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：
所述NWDAF向所述UPF订阅所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。
本申请提供的方案，NWDAF通过向UPF订阅目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数可以获取目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数，可以实现对目标用户的第一业务的业务体验的监测和感知，便于NWDAF基于该实际体验参数判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标， 进一步地，NWDAF根据判断结果动态触发专有QoS流的建立，从而保障目标用户的高端体验。
结合第一方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述参数包括以下至少一种：
速率、时延、丢包率。
第二方面，提供一种通信方法，包括：用户平面功能UPF监测目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数；
所述UPF向网络数据分析功能NWDAF发送所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。
本申请提供的方案，UPF向NWDAF发送目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数，便于NWDAF根据接收的目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数和该第一业务的目标体验参数判断该目标用户的实际体验是否达标，有利于NWDAF为目标用户动态触发专有QoS流的建立。
结合第二方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：
所述UPF接受所述NWDAF向其订阅的所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。
本申请提供的方案，UPF接受NWDAF向其订阅的目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数，并向NWDAF发送目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数，可以实现对目标用户的第一业务的业务体验的监测和感知，便于NWDAF基于该实际体验参数判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标，有利于NWDAF为目标用户动态触发专有QoS流的建立。
结合第二方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述参数包括以下至少一种：
速率、时延、丢包率。
第三方面，提供一种通信方法，包括：用户平面功能UPF接收会话管理功能SMF发送的第一消息，所述第一消息包括目标用户的第一业务、所述第一业务的目标体验参数、判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标的方法；
所述UPF根据所述第一消息和所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标；
在确定所述目标用户的实际体验未达标时，所述UPF向所述SMF发送第一通知消息，所述第一通知消息用于通知所述SMF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标。
本申请提供的方案，UPF接收SMF发送的第一消息后，可以根据该第一消息和目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数判断该目标用户的实际体验是否达标，在确定目标用户的实际体验未达标时，UPF向SMF发送第一通知消息，使得SMF向PCF发送第二通知消息，便于PCF根据第二通知消息和调整策略向所述SMF发送用于为所述目标用户请求专有QoS流的请求参数信息。
结合第三方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述通知消息包括以下至少一种：
所述目标用户的用户标识ID、所述目标用户的互联网协议IP地址、所述第一业务的类型、所述第一业务的业务流IP五元组。
结合第三方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述UPF根据所述第一消息和所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标，包括：
所述参数为速率，若在预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标；
或，
所述参数为时延或丢包率，若在预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标。
本申请提供的方案，UPF可以根据预设连续周期内第一业务的实际体验参数与第一业务的目标体验参数的大小判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标，即，在参数为速率的情况下，若在预设连续周期内第一业务的实际体验参数小于第一业务的目标体验参数，UPF判断目标用户的实际体验未达标，反之则达标；在参数为时延或丢包率的情况下，若在预设连续周期内第一业务的实际体验参数大于第一业务的目标体验参数，UPF判断目标用户的实际体验未达标，反之则达标；且在判断目标用户的实际体验未达标时通过SMF向PCF发送通知消息，便于PCF根据通知消息和调整策略动态触发专有QoS流的建立，从而保障目标用户的高端体验。
结合第三方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述UPF根据所述第一消息和所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标，包括：
所述参数为速率，若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标；
或，
所述参数为时延或丢包率，若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标。
本申请提供的方案，UPF可以根据在预设时长内的部分时长第一业务的实际体验参数与第一业务的目标体验参数的大小判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标，即，在参数为速率的情况下，若在预设时长内的部分时长第一业务的实际体验参数小于第一业务的目标体验参数，UPF判断目标用户的实际体验未达标，反之则达标；在参数为时延或丢包率的情况下，若在预设时长内的部分时长第一业务的实际体验参数大于第一业务的目标体验参数，UPF判断目标用户的实际体验未达标，反之则达标；且在判断目标用户的实际体验未达标时通过SMF向PCF发送通知消息，便于PCF根据通知消息和调整策略动态触发专有QoS流的建立，从而保障目标用户的高端体验。
结合第三方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述UPF向所述SMF发送第一通知消息，包括：
所述UPF向所述SMF发送报文转发控制协议PFCP会话报告请求，所述PFCP会话报告请求包括所述第一通知消息。
本申请实施例中，UPF向SMF发送第一通知消息时，可以通过向其发送的PFCP会 话报告请求发送该第一通知消息，由于本申请中的第一通知消息不需要通过其它额外报告请求发送，可以节省资源的开销。
结合第三方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述参数包括以下至少一种：
速率、时延、丢包率。
第四方面，提供一种通信方法，包括：会话管理功能SMF接收策略控制功能PCF发送的第一消息，所述第一消息包括目标用户的第一业务、所述第一业务的目标体验参数、判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标的方法；
所述SMF向UPF发送所述第一消息；
所述SMF接收所述UPF发送的第一通知消息，所述第一通知消息用于通知所述SMF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
所述SMF向PCF发送第二通知消息，所述第二通知消息用于通知所述PCF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标。
本申请提供的方案，SMF接收到UPF发送的第一通知消息后，可以向PCF发送用于通知所述PCF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标的第二通知消息，便于PCF根据所述第二通知消息和调整策略向所述SMF发送用于为所述目标用户请求专有QoS流的请求消息，从而保障目标用户的高端体验。
结合第四方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述SMF向UPF发送所述第一消息，包括：
所述SMF向所述UPF发送报文转发控制协议PFCP会话创建请求，所述PFCP会话创建请求包括所述第一消息。
本申请实施例中，SMF向UPF发送第一消息时，可以通过向其发送的PFCP会话创建请求发送该第一消息，由于本申请中的第一消息不需要通过其它额外请求发送，可以节省资源的开销。
结合第四方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述SMF向PCF发送所述第二通知消息，包括：
所述SMF向所述PCF发送会话管理策略控制更新请求，所述会话管理策略控制更新请求包括所述第二通知消息。
本申请实施例中，SMF向PCF发送第二通知消息时，可以通过向其发送的会话管理策略控制更新请求发送该第二通知消息，由于本申请中的第二通知消息不需要通过其它额外请求发送，可以节省资源的开销。
结合第四方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述参数包括以下至少一种：
速率、时延、丢包率。
第五方面，提供一种通信方法，包括：策略控制功能PCF确定第一消息，所述第一消息包括目标用户的第一业务、所述第一业务的目标体验参数、判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标的方法；
所述PCF向会话管理功能SMF发送所述第一消息；
所述PCF接收所述SMF发送的第二通知消息，所述第二通知消息用于通知所述PCF所述目标用的实际体验未达标；
所述PCF根据所述第二通知消息和调整策略向所述SMF发送请求参数信息，所述请 求参数信息用于为所述目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。
本申请提供的方案，PCF在接收到SMF发送的第二通知消息后，根据所述第二通知消息和调整策略向所述SMF发送用于为所述目标用户请求专有QoS流的请求参数信息。由于本申请的方案是由PCF动态触发专有QoS流的建立，可以具备自动保障能力，也不需要依赖OTT的配合，从而可以提升用户体验。
结合第五方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述请求参数信息包括以下至少一种：
所述目标用户的用户标识ID、所述目标用户的互联网协议IP地址、所述第一业务的类型、所述第一业务的业务流IP五元组、保障所述第一业务的保证比特速率GBR、最大比特速率MBR、5G服务质量指示符5QI。
结合第五方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述PCF向SMF发送所述第一消息，包括：
响应于接收所述SMF发送的协议数据单元PDU会话建立请求，所述PCF向所述SMF发送会话管理策略控制创建响应消息，所述会话管理策略控制创建响应消息包括所述第一消息。
本申请实施例中，PCF接收SMF发送的PDU会话建立请求，响应于接收的PDU会话建立请求，可以向SMF发送会话管理策略控制创建响应消息，该会话管理策略控制创建响应消息中包括本申请的第一消息，由于本申请的第一消息不需要通过其它额外请求发送，可以节省资源的开销。
结合第五方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述第一业务的目标体验参数通过所述PCF静态配置。
本申请提供的方案，第一业务的目标体验参数可以由PCF静态配置，从而建立目标用户的第一业务的目标体验参数，便于UPF基于该目标体验参数判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标，进一步地，PCF根据判断结果动态触发专有QoS流的建立，从而保障目标用户的高端体验。
结合第五方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述PCF根据所述第二通知消息和调整策略向所述SMF发送请求参数信息，包括：
所述PCF根据所述第二通知消息和所述调整策略向所述SMF发送会话管理策略控制更新响应，所述会话管理策略控制更新响应包括所述请求参数信息。
本申请实施例中，PCF向SMF发送请求参数信息时，可以通过向其发送的会话管理策略控制更新响应发送该请求参数信息，由于本申请中的请求参数信息不需要通过其它额外响应发送，可以节省资源的开销。
结合第五方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述参数包括以下至少一种：
速率、时延、丢包率。
第六方面，提供一种通信方法，包括：网络数据分析功能NWDAF接收来自用户平面功能UPF的第二消息，所述第二消息用于指示所述目标用户的第一业务的体验未达标，所述第二消息包括所述目标用户的用户标识ID和所述第一业务的业务流；
当所述目标用户满足第一条件时，所述NWDAF根据所述第二消息向策略控制功能PCF发送请求消息，所述请求消息用于为所述目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。
本申请提供的方案，NWDAF接收来自UPF的第二消息，确定目标用户的第一业务 的体验未达标。NWDAF确定该目标用户是否满足第一条件，当目标用户满足在第一条件时，NWDAF根据第二消息向PCF发送请求消息。本申请的方案是先由UPF首先确定目标用户的第一业务是否达标，再由NWDAF根据第一条件确定是否向PCF发送用于为该目标用户请求专有QoS流的请求消息。本方案避免了NWDAF与UPF之间订阅目标用户的信息之间的交互，降低了UPF和NWDAF之间的性能损耗，同时NWDAF确定是否动态触发专有QoS流的建立，可以具备自动保障能力，也不需要依赖OTT的配合，从而可以提升用户体验。
结合第六方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述第一条件包括以下至少一种：所述目标用户所属小区的无线资源使用率小于或等于第一阈值；所述目标用户的信号质量大于或等于第二阈值；所述目标用户的签约信息中的保障次数小于或等于第三阈值；所述目标用户所属小区专有服务质量QoS流的数量小于或等于第四阈值。
应理解，上述第一条件与所述目标用户的所属小区的拥塞状态、所述目标用户的信号质量、所述目标用户的签约信息、所述目标用户所属小区专有服务质量QoS流的数量相关。
可选地，上述拥塞状态可以用目标用户所属的小区无线资源使用率的大小进行表示。
作为一种示例，上述拥塞状态可以表示目标用户所属的小区无线资源使用率的大小。举例来说，当无线资源使用率小于等于40％，即认为该小区的拥塞状态为轻度；当无线资源使用率大于40％，且小于等于70％，即认为该小区的拥塞状态为中度；当无线资源使用率大于70％，即认为该小区的拥塞状态为重度。应理解，还可能有其他拥塞等级配置，上述示例不作为本申请的限定。
例如，第一条件包括无线资源使用率小于或等于第一阈值，可以将第一阈值设置为70％，则当该小区的无线资源使用率小于或者等于70％时，NWDAF根据第二消息向PCF发送请求消息。
可选地，目标用户的信号质量信息可以包括：信号质量，信号功率，信干燥比。
作为一种示例，上述信号质量信息包括信号功率。例如，第一条件包括目标用户的信号质量大于等于第二阈值。当用户的信号质量大于或等于第二阈值时，则表示该目标用户的信号质量强；当用户的信号质量小于于第二阈值时，则表示该目标用户的信号质量弱。该目标用户的信号质量强时，NWDAF根据第二消息向PCF发送请求消息。
可选地，目标用户的签约信息是根据目标用户的套餐确定的该目标用户的保障次数。
作为一种示例，第一条件与该目标用户的签约信息相关。举例来说，该目标用户签约的套餐中体验保障每月为100次/100小时。当该目标用户本月未使用完签约信息中的保障次数，即目标用户已使用的保障次数小于第三阈值，NWDAF确定该目标用户满足第一条件，NWDAF根据第二消息向PCF发送请求消息，为目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。当该目标用户本月已使用完签约信息中的保障次数，即目标用户已使用的保障次数大于或等于第三阈值，NWDAF确定该目标用户不满足第一条件，NWDAF不向PCF发送请求消息为目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。
可选地，第一条件包括目标用户所属小区专用服务质量QoS流的数量低于第四阈值。
作为一种示例，第一条件与该目标用户所属小区专用服务质量QoS流的数量相关。举举例来说，当目标用户所属小区专用服务质量QoS流数量上限为500时，此时该小区 已经建立了500条QoS流，则NWDAF不向PCF发送请求消息。当该小区已经建立的QoS流的数量小于500时，则NWDAF根据第二消息向PCF发送请求消息。
结合第六方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述请求消息包括所述目标用户的互联网协议IP地址和最大比特速率。
其中，目标用户的IP地址也可以称为目标用户的网际协议地址，对于任一设备，该IP地址是唯一的，因此，用户在使用某一设备时，通过唯一的IP地址即可知道用户的地址。
其中，最大比特速率为GBR能够达到的速率的上限。在GBR承载在资源充足的情况下，所能够达到的速率上限为最大比特速率(maximum bit rate，MBR)。对于Non-GBR承载，使用聚合最大比特速率(aggregate maximum bit rate，AMBR)来限制所有Non-GBR承载的最大速率(注意，不是限制某个Non-GBR承载，而是针对UE级别的)。
结合第六方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述请求消息还包括以下至少一种：所述目标用户的用户标识ID、所述第一业务的类型、所述第一业务的业务流、保障所述第一业务的保证比特速率GBR。
结合第六方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述NWDAF向所述PCF发送请求消息，包括：
所述NWDAF通过N5接口向所述PCF发送所述请求消息。
本申请提供的方案，NWDAF通过N5接口向PCF发送请求消息，不用再创建其他接口，直接使用PCF现有的N5接口，可以节省NWDAF与PCF之间的部署成本，简化网络架构，有利于网络的运营和维护，也有助于提升通信的效率。
结合第六方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，在为所述目标用户请求到所述专有QoS流的情况下，所述方法还包括：
所述NWDAF生成评估报告，所述评估报告包括为所述目标用户请求到所述专有QoS流前后的保障效果，和/或，所述目标用户与其它用户的体验的对比结果。
本申请提供的方案，在为目标用户请求到专有QoS流的情况下，NWDAF还可以生成评估报告，该评估包括为目标用户请求到专有QoS流前后的保障效果(如目标用户请求到专有QoS流前后观看1080P视频的速率提升了25％)，和/或，目标用户与其它用户的体验的对比结果(目标用户请求到专有QoS流之后观看1080P视频的速率至少超过80％的用户)；体现对目标用户的保障效果，增加目标用户的粘性，进一步地，可以提升目标用户的体验。
结合第六方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述NWDAF向所述目标用户发送所述评估报告。
本申请提供的方案，NWDAF向目标用户发送该评估报告，告知目标用户实时的的保障效果，增加目标用户的粘性。
结合第六方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述NWDAF向所述UPF发送所述目标用户的第一业务的质量基线，所述第一业务的质量基线用于确定所述目标用户的体验是否达标。
结合第六方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述NWDAF向所述UPF发送所述第一业务的类型和所述目标用户的预定义规则名称，所述预定义规则名称用于标识所述目标用 户的第一业务的签约套餐，所述签约套餐为所述第一业务的签约套餐。
结合第六方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述第一业务的质量基线根据历史数据统计确定，或者，通过所述NWDAF静态配置。
结合第六方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述NWDAF根据退出保障机制停止为所述目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流。
结合第六方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述NWDAF根据退出保障机制停止为所述目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流，包括：
当所述NWDAF通过N5接口接收到第三消息时，所述NWDAF停止为所述目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流，所述第三消息用于指示所述目标用户的策略控制网元PDU会话释放或者所述目标用户的第一业务的业务流结束，和/或，
当所述NWDAF确定保障时长达到第五阈值时，所述NWDAF停止为所述目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流，和/或，
当所述NWDAF确定所述目标用户的所属小区的拥塞状态变化时，所述NWDAF停止为所述目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流。
本申请提供的方案，NWDAF根据N5接口接收的第三消息、目标用户的第一业务的保障时长是否达到第五阈值、所述目标用户的所属小区的拥塞状态变化确定是否停止为所述目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流。NWDAF根据上述条件，确定停止为所述目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流，进一步地避免资源的浪费。
结合第六方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述第二消息还包括所述第一业务的类型和/或所述第一业务的劣化级别。
其中，所述第一业务的类型可以包括多种，如视频类、文件类等。
其中，第一业务的劣化级别用于表示该第一业务的的体验参数距离该第一业务的质量基准的大小。作为一种示例，当第一业务的体验参数与该第一业务的质量基准相差越大，劣化级别越大；当第一业务的体验参数与该第一业务的质量基准相差越小，则劣化级别越小。或者说，当第一业务的体验参数与该第一业务的质量基准相差越大，则劣化级别越高；当第一业务的体验参数与该第一业务的质量基准相差越小，则劣化级别越低。
第七方面，提供一种通信方法，包括：用户平面功能UPF接收来自网络数据分析功能NWDAF的目标用户的第一业务的质量基准；
当所述第一业务的体验参数未满足所述第一业务的质量基准时，所述UPF向网络数据分析功能NWDAF发送第二消息，所述第二消息用于指示所述目标用户的体验未达标，所述第二消息包括所述目标用户的用户标识ID和所述第一业务的业务流。
本申请提供的方案，UPF接收来自NWDAF发送的目标用户的第一业务的质量基准，并基于检测的第一业务的体验参数进行确定是否满足所述第一业务的质量基准，当第一业务的体验参数未满足第一业务的质量基准时，UPF向NWDAF发送第二消息，由NWDAF确定是否为目标用户触发专有QoS流。
结合第七方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述UPF接收来自所述NWDAF的所述第一业务的类型和所述目标用户的预定义规则名称，所述预定义规则名称用于标识所述目标用户的签约套餐，所述签约套餐为所述第一业务的签约套餐。
结合第七方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述第二消息还包括：所述第一业务的类 型和/或所述第一业务的劣化级别。
其中，第一业务的类型可以包括多种，如视频类、文件类等。
其中，第一业务的劣化级别用于表示该第一业务的的体验参数距离该第一业务的质量基准的大小。作为一种示例，当第一业务的体验参数与该第一业务的质量基准相差越大，劣化级别越大；当第一业务的体验参数与该第一业务的质量基准相差越小，则劣化级别越小。或者说，当第一业务的体验参数与该第一业务的质量基准相差越大，则劣化级别越高；当第一业务的体验参数与该第一业务的质量基准相差越小，则劣化级别越低。
结合第七方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，当所述第一业务的体验参数未满足所述第一业务的质量基准时，所述UPF向网络数据分析功能NWDAF发送第二消息，包括以下一项或多项：
所述体验参数为速率，若在多个周期内所述第一业务的体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的质量基准，所述UPF确定所述目标用户的体验未达标，
所述体验参数为时延，若在多个周期内所述第一业务的体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的质量基准，所述UPF确定所述目标用户的体验未达标，
或，
所述体验参数为丢包率，若在多个周期内所述第一业务的体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的质量基准，所述UPF确定所述目标用户的体验未达标。
需要说明的是，上述多个周期可以是连续的多个周期，也可以是不连续的多个周期。
结合第七方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，当所述第一业务的体验参数未满足所述第一业务的质量基准时，所述UPF向网络数据分析功能NWDAF发送第二消息，包括以下一项或多项：
所述体验参数为速率，若在预设时长内的未满足所述质量基准的时长占比大于或等于第六阈值时，所述第一业务的体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的质量基准，所述UPF确定所述目标用户的体验未达标，
所述体验参数为时延，若在预设时长内的未满足所述质量基准的时长占比大于或等于第七阈值时，所述第一业务的体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的质量基准，所述UPF确定所述目标用户的体验未达标，
或，
所述体验参数为丢包率，若在预设时长内的未满足所述质量基准的时长占比大于或等于第八阈值时，所述第一业务的体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的质量基准，所述UPF确定所述目标用户的体验未达标。
结合第七方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述速率包括上行速率和/或下行速率。
结合第七方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述时延包括上行时延和/或下行时延。
结合第七方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述第一业务的质量基准时根据历史数据统计确定，或者，通过所述NWDAF静态配置。
第八方面，提供一种通信装置，有益效果可以参见第一方面的描述，在此不再赘述。所述通信装置具有实现上述第一方面的方法实施例中行为的功能。所述功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。在一个可能的设计中，所述通信装置包括：收发模块，用于接收用户平面功能 UPF发送的目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数；处理模块，用于根据所述第一业务的实际体验参数和所述第一业务的目标体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标；所述收发模块还用于：在确定所述目标用户的实际体验未达标时，向策略控制功能PCF发送请求消息，所述请求消息用于为所述目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。这些模块可以执行上述第一方面方法示例中的相应功能，具体参见方法示例中的详细描述，此处不做赘述。
第九方面，提供一种通信装置，有益效果可以参见第二方面的描述此处不再赘述。所述通信装置具有实现上述第二方面的方法实例中行为的功能。所述功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。在一个可能的设计中，所述通信装置包括：处理模块，用于监测目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数；收发模块，用于向网络数据分析功能NWDAF发送所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。这些模块可以执行上述第二方面方法示例中的相应功能，具体参见方法示例中的详细描述，此处不做赘述。
第十方面，提供一种通信装置，有益效果可以参见第三方面的描述，在此不再赘述。所述通信装置具有实现上述第三方面的方法实施例中行为的功能。所述功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。在一个可能的设计中，所述通信装置包括：收发模块，用于接收会话管理功能SMF发送的第一消息，所述第一消息包括目标用户的第一业务、所述第一业务的目标体验参数、判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标的方法；处理模块，用于根据所述第一消息和所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标；所述收发模块还用于：在确定所述目标用户的实际体验未达标时，向所述SMF发送第一通知消息，所述第一通知消息用于通知所述SMF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标。这些模块可以执行上述第三方面方法示例中的相应功能，具体参见方法示例中的详细描述，此处不做赘述。
第十一方面，提供一种通信装置，有益效果可以参见第四方面的描述，在此不再赘述。所通信装置具有实现上述第四方面的方法实施例中行为的功能。所述功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。在一个可能的设计中，所述通信装置包括：收发模块，用于接收策略控制功能PCF发送的第一消息，所述第一消息包括目标用户的第一业务、所述第一业务的目标体验参数、判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标的方法；向UPF发送所述第一消息；接收所述UPF发送的第一通知消息，所述第一通知消息用于通知所述SMF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；向PCF发送第二通知消息，所述第二通知消息用于通知所述PCF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标。这些模块可以执行上述第四方面方法示例中的相应功能，具体参见方法示例中的详细描述，此处不做赘述。
第十二方面，提供一种通信装置，有益效果可以参见第五方面的描述，在此不再赘述。所述通信装置具有实现上述第五方面的方法实施例中行为的功能。所述功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。在一个可能的设计中，所述通信装置包括：处理模块，用于确定第一消息，所述第一消息包括目标用户的第一业务、所述第一业务的目标体验参数、判断所述目标用户的 实际体验是否达标的方法；收发模块，用于向会话管理功能SMF发送所述第一消息；接收所述SMF发送的第二通知消息，所述第二通知消息用于通知所述PCF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；根据所述第二通知消息和调整策略向所述SMF发送请求参数信息，所述请求参数信息用于为所述目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。这些模块可以执行上述第五方面方法示例中的相应功能，具体参见方法示例中的详细描述，此处不做赘述。
第十三方面，提供一种通信装置，有益效果可以参见第六方面的描述，在此不再赘述。所述通信装置具有实现上述第六方面的方法实施例中行为的功能。所述功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。在一个可能的设计中，所述通信装置包括：收发模块，用于接收来自用户平面功能UPF的第二消息；所述第二消息用于指示所述目标用户的第一业务的体验未达标，所述第二消息包括所述目标用户的用户标识ID和所述第一业务的业务流；当处理模块确定所述目标用户满足第一条件时，所述收发模块还用于：向策略控制功能PCF发送请求消息，所述请求消息用于为所述目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。这些模块可以执行上述第六方面方法示例中的相应功能，具体参见方法示例中的详细描述，此处不做赘述。
第十四方面，提供一种通信装置，有益效果可以参见第七方面的描述，在此不再赘述。所述通信装置具有实现上述第七方面的方法实施例中行为的功能。所述功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。在一个可能的设计中，所述通信装置包括：收发模块，用于接收来自网络数据分析功能NWDAF的目标用户的第一业务的质量基准；当处理模块确定第一业务的体验参数未满足所述第一业务的质量基准时，所述收发模块还用于：向网络数据分析功能NWDAF发送第二消息，所述第二消息用于指示所述目标用户的实际体验未达标，所述第二消息包括所述目标用户的用户标识ID和所述第一业务的业务流。这些模块可以执行上述第七方面方法示例中的相应功能，具体参见方法示例中的详细描述，此处不做赘述。
第十五方面，提供一种通信设备，该通信设备可以为上述方法实施例中的网络设备，或者为设置在网络设备中的芯片。该通信设备包括通信接口以及处理器，可选的，还包括存储器。其中，该存储器用于存储计算机程序或指令，处理器与存储器、通信接口耦合，当处理器执行所述计算机程序或指令时，使通信装置执行上述方法实施例中由网络设备所执行的方法。
第十六方面，提供了一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括：计算机程序代码，当所述计算机程序代码被运行时，使得上述各方面中由网络设备执行的方法被执行。
第十七方面，本申请提供了一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括处理器，用于实现上述各方面的方法中网络设备的功能。在一种可能的设计中，所述芯片系统还包括存储器，用于保存程序指令和/或数据。该芯片系统，可以由芯片构成，也可以包括芯片和其他分立器件。
第十八方面，本申请提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，当该计算机程序被运行时，实现上述各方面中由网络设备执行的方法。
第十九方面，本申请提供了一种通信系统，包括前述的网络数据分析功能NWDAF、用户平面功能UPF。
其中，该NWDAF具体实现上述第一方面中任一可能实现方式中的方法，或者，该 NWDAF具体实现上述第六方面中任一可能实现方式中的方法。该UPF具体实现上述第二方面中任一可能实现方式中的方法，或者，该NWDAF具体实现上述第三方面中任一可能实现方式中的方法，或者，该NWDAF具体实现上述第七方面中任一可能实现方式中的方法。
结合第十九方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，该通信系统还可能包括会话管理功能SMF、策略控制网元PCF。
其中，该SMF具体实现上述第四方面中任一可能实现方式中的方法，该PCF具体实现上述第五方面中任一可能实现方式中的方法。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施提供的一种通信系统的示意图。
图2是本申请实施提供的另一种通信系统的示意图。
图3是本申请实施例提供的用户体验保障场景的示意图。
图4是本申请一实施例提供的通信方法的示意图。
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种速率监测的示意图。
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种时延监测的示意图。
图7是本申请另一实施例提供的通信方法的示意图。
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的示意性结构图。
图9是本申请实施例提供的另一种通信装置的示意性结构图。
图10是本申请实施例提供的芯片的示意性结构图。
图11是本申请另一实施例提供的通信方法的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
为了更加清楚地理解本申请的方案，下文先对本申请所涉及的术语进行简单介绍。
服务质量类标识符(QoS class identifier，QCI)，是系统用于标识业务数据包传输特性的参数，协议23203定义了不同的承载业务对应的QCI值。其中，QCI值的范围是1-9，分别对应不同的资源类型、不同的优先级、不同的时延和不同的丢包率。为确保某个应用业务能正常运行，可以为该业务配置相匹配的QCI值。
无线承载分为信令无线承载(signalling radio bearer，SRB)和数据无线承载(data radio bearer，DRB)。其中，SRB用于信令的传输，DRB用于数据的传输。
根据QCI的不同，承载可以划分为两大类：保证比特速率(guaranteed bit rate，GBR)承载和Non-GBR承载，其中，用户默认的承载为Non-GBR承载。
GBR承载：是指保证的比特速率，即使在网络资源紧张的情况下，相应的比特速率也能够保持，即保证的最小带宽；对于时延敏感类的业务，如在线手游，实时会议，可由GBR承载来保障。
Non-GBR承载：指的是网络不提供最低的传输速率保证，在网络拥挤的情况下，业 务需要承受降低速率的要求；对实时性要求不高的业务，不需要调度器对该类承载保证最低的比特速率。
关于GBR承载和Non-GBR承载的区别如下表1所示：
表1
Figure PCTCN2022094822-appb-000001
此外，GBR承载在资源充足的情况下，所能够达到的速率上限为最大比特速率(maximum bit rate，MBR)。对于Non-GBR承载，使用聚合最大比特速率(aggregate maximum bit rate，AMBR)来限制所有Non-GBR承载的最大速率(注意，不是限制某个Non-GBR承载，而是针对UE级别的)。
上文指出，为确保某个应用业务能正常运行，可以为该业务配置相匹配的QCI值。对于运营商来说，可以通过用户所签约的QCI值区分普通用户、重要用户(very important person，VIP)和VVIP。
关于普通用户、VIP用户和VVIP用户的区别如下表2所示：
表2
  普通用户(98元套餐) VIP用户(198元套餐) VVIP用户(598元套餐)
5QI 9 8 6
ARP 12 13 14
AMBR 300Mbps 500Mbps 1Gbps
从表2中可以看出，VVIP用户的5G服务质量指示符(5G QoS identifier，5QI)值为6，VIP用户的5QI值为8，普通用户的5QI值为9，且5QI值越小，优先级越高。因此，当出现无线拥塞时，VVIP用户得到优先调度，但因为Non-GBR承载在无线拥塞时也会出现丢包的情况，运营商针对VVIP用户无法实时感知体验劣化，也无法主动触发专载保障，VVIP高端用户与其他用户的体验差距不明显。
针对这种情况，一种解决方案是UE主动发起请求，如图1所示，为本申请实施提供的一种通信系统的示意图。
参考图1，当出现无线拥塞时，UE通过OTT向运营商启动加速请求，运营商加速平台鉴权通过后，通过NEF启动QoS保障申请，PCF接收到该保障申请后，为待加速的用户的特定业务建立QoS专载。具体地，可以通过会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)、接入和移动性管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)、用户平面功能(user plane function，UPF)以及随机接入网(random access network，RAN)(或者接入网((access network，AN)))的相互配合为该待加速的用户的特定业务建立QoS专载。然而这种方案不具备自动保障能力，需终端主动触发，且需要依赖OTT的配合才可实现，导致用户体验差。
另一种解决方案是PCF通过向NWDAF订阅用户的体验MOS信息，并决策是否启动Qos保障申请。如图2所示，为本申请实施提供的另一种通信系统的示意图。
参考图2，NWDAF从UPF采集历史网络KPI信息，从OTT采集历史业务MOS信息，基于历史数据机器学习，建立MOS-KPI体验模型，并在线实时采集网络KPI，推理用户的各业务实时体验MOS。PCF向NWDAF订阅用户的体验MOS，并决策是否启动Qos保障申请。在决策启动QoS保障申请的情况下，为该用户的特定业务建立QoS专载。具体地，可以通过SMF、AMF、UPF以及RAN(或者AN)的相互配合为该用户的特定业务建立QoS专载。然而这种方案需要依赖OTT的配合才可实现，导致用户体验差。
本申请提供一种通信方法，可以具备自动保障能力，也不需要依赖OTT的配合，从而可以提升用户体验。
如图3所示，为本申请实施例提供的用户体验保障场景的示意图。
其中，用户业务体验KPI订阅功能可以由NWDAF或者PCF实现，支持特定用户和特定业务的KPI体验测量功能的订阅开启功能；
用户业务识别+监测功能可由UPF实现，支持用户业务类型识别和业务体验KPI的监测功能，如速率、时延、丢包率的监测；
用户业务体验基线KPI学习/导入功能可由NWDAF或者PCF实现该功能(其中，NWDAF可以支持学习和/或导入功能，PCF可以支持导入功能)；
用户业务体验是否达标判断功能可以由NWDAF或者UPF实现，根据用户业务实时/历史体验监测结果，对比业务的保障目标基线值，来判断是否达标，达标的话不进行任何动作，未达标的话进行下一步操作；
用户业务体验保障策略生成功能可以由NWDAF或者PCF实现，若判断不达标时，动态生成保障策略，包括保障对象和保障的目标QoS，下发给执行功能实体；
用户业务体验保障执行功能可以由UE-RAN-5G核心网(5G core network，5GC)执行；
用户业务体验保障效果评估功能可以由NWDAF实现该功能，评估体验保障策略执行后的结果，和执行前对比，体验保障提升的效果；
应理解，图3所示的用户体验保障场景的示意图中还可能包括：
用户业务体验保障退出功能，该功能可以由NWDAF实现该功能，若确定满足退出时机时，NWDAF通过主动释放资源或者根据某一指示信息确定释放资源，避免资源浪费。
下面结合图4详细说明本申请实施例提供的通信方法400。
如图4所示为本申请一实施例提供的通信方法400的示意图。该方法400可以包括步骤410～450。
410，UPF监测目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。
本申请实施中的目标用户可以为上文中的VVIP用户，也可以为上文中的VIP用户，不予限制。
本申请实施例中的第一业务可以包括用户观看视频、用户玩游戏、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)、即时通信(instant messaging，IM)、用户上传或下载文件、用户浏览网页等。应理解，本申请实施例中的第一业务包括但不限于上述所示出的业务，不应对本申请造成特别限定。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述参数包括以下至少一种：速率、时延、丢包率。
本申请实施例中的实际体验参数可以包括实际体验速率、实际体验时延、实际体验丢包率。示例性地，以用户观看1080P视频的速率为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户为VVIP用户1，UPF监测该VVIP用户1观看1080P视频的速率为8Mbps，即该VVIP用户1观看1080P视频的实际体验速率为8Mbps。
以用户玩游戏的时延为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户为VVIP用户1，UPF监测该VVIP用户1观看玩游戏的时延为15ms，即该VVIP用户1玩游戏的实际体验时延为15ms。
以用户传输文件的丢包率为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户为VVIP用户1，UPF监测该VVIP用户1传输文件的丢包率为1‰，即该VVIP用户1传输文件的实际体验丢包率为1‰。
420，所述UPF向NWDAF发送所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。
本申请实施例中，UPF向NWDAF发送目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数，可以以特定的周期向NWDAF发送，示例性地，UPF可以每1秒或每2秒向NWDAF发送目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数，不予限制。
430，NWDAF接收UPF发送的目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。
相应地，NWDAF可以按照特定的周期接收UPF发送的目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数，示例性地，若UPF每1秒向NWDAF发送目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数，则NWDAF每1秒接收一次目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数；若UPF每2秒向NWDAF发送目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数，则NWDAF每2秒接收一次目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。
本申请实施例中，UPF可以通过扩展的私有接口向NWDAF发送目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。相应地，NWDAF可以通过该扩展的私有接口接收目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。
440，所述NWDAF根据所述第一业务的实际体验参数和所述第一业务的目标体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标。
本申请实施例中的目标体验参数可以包括目标体验速率、目标体验时延、目标体验丢包率。示例性地，以用户观看1080P视频的速率为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户为VVIP用户1，该VVIP用户1流畅观看1080P视频时的速率可以为10Mbps，即该VVIP用户1观看1080P视频的目标体验速率为10Mbps。
可以理解的是，对于不同用户，其第一业务的目标体验参数可以相同，也可以不同，主要是与用户的5QI有关。例如，以目标体验速率为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户包括VVIP用户1和VVIP用户2，若VVIP用户1和VVIP用户2的5QI相同，则VVIP用户1的优先级与VVIP用户2的优先级相同，因此，VVIP用户1的目标体验速率可以等于VVIP用户2的目标体验速率。假设本申请实施例中的目标用户包括VVIP用户1和VIP用户1，由于VVIP用户1的5QI小于VIP用户1的5QI，即VVIP用户1的优先级高于VIP用户1的，因此，VVIP用户1的目标体验速率可以大于VIP用户1的目标体验速率。
再例如，以目标体验时延为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户包括VVIP用户1和 VVIP用户2，若VVIP用户1和VVIP用户2的5QI相同，则VVIP用户1的优先级与VVIP用户2的优先级相同，因此，VVIP用户1的目标体验时延可以等于VVIP用户2的目标体验时延。假设本申请实施例中的目标用户包括VVIP用户1和VIP用户1，由于VVIP用户1的5QI小于VIP用户1的5QI，即VVIP用户1的优先级高于VIP用户1的，因此，VVIP用户1的目标体验时延可以小于VIP用户1的目标体验时延。
再例如，以目标体验丢包率为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户包括VVIP用户1和VVIP用户2，若VVIP用户1和VVIP用户2的5QI相同，则VVIP用户1的优先级与VVIP用户2的优先级相同，因此，VVIP用户1的目标体验丢包率可以等于VVIP用户2的目标体验丢包率。假设本申请实施例中的目标用户包括VVIP用户1和VIP用户1，由于VVIP用户1的5QI小于VIP用户1的5QI，即VVIP用户1的优先级高于VIP用户1的，因此，VVIP用户1的目标体验丢包率可以小于VIP用户1的目标体验丢包率。
450，在确定所述目标用户的实际体验未达标时，所述NWDAF向PCF发送请求消息，所述请求消息用于为所述目标用户请求专有QoS流。
本申请实施例中，在确定目标用户的实际体验未达标时，NWDAF可以向PCF发送用于为该目标用户请求专有QoS流的请求消息。其中，本申请实施例中为目标用户请求的专有QoS流即为GBR承载的QoS流，由于GBR承载的资源不被抢占，在其承诺的带宽内的数据包均可以被转发，从而可以为目标用户提供保障。
本申请提供的方案，UPF向NWDAF发送目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数，NWDAF根据该目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数和该第一业务的目标体验参数判断该目标用户的实际体验是否达标，且在未达标时，NWDAF向PCF发送用于为该目标用户请求专有QoS流的请求消息。由于本申请的方案是由NWDAF动态触发专有QoS流的建立，可以具备自动保障能力，也不需要依赖OTT的配合，从而可以提升用户体验。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述请求消息包括以下至少一种：
所述目标用户的用户标识(identity，ID)、所述目标用户的互联网协议(internet protocol，IP)地址、所述第一业务的类型、所述第一业务的业务流IP五元组、保障所述第一业务的GBR、MBR。
本申请实施例中，NWDAF向PCF发送的请求消息中可以包括上述参数至少一种。其中，目标用户的用户ID可以用于表征用户的身份。
目标用户的IP地址也可以称为目标用户的网际协议地址，对于任一设备，该IP地址是唯一的，因此，用户在使用某一设备时，通过唯一的IP地址即可知道用户的地址。
第一业务的类型可以包括多种，如视频类、文件类等。
第一业务的业务流IP五元组包括：第一业务的源IP地址、第一业务的源端口、第一业务的目的IP地址、第一业务的目的端口、传输第一业务的传输层协议。
保障第一业务的GBR，即保证第一业务的最小比特速率，如第一业务为观看1080P视频，则保证观看1080P视频的速率可以为10Mbps；MBR为最大比特速率，如第一业务为观看1080P视频，则保证观看1080P视频的速率可以为500Mbps。
本申请实施例中，NWDAF向PCF发送用于为目标用户请求专有QoS流的请求消息，PCF接收到该请求消息后，可以根据请求消息中包括的参数生成5QI，并向SMF下发专载建立请求，同时携带需保障的QoS信息，专载的5QI、GBR、MBR等参数。SMF接收 到专载建立请求后，分别向UPF和AMF传递专载建立请求和参数，相应地，UPF和AMF建立专载，RAN基于UPF和AMF建立的专载根据5QI进行调度，为该目标用户保障GBR带宽要求。
上文步骤440指出，NWDAF根据所述第一业务的实际体验参数和所述第一业务的目标体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标。其中，判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标的方式可以包括以下方式。
方式一：
所述NWDAF根据所述第一业务的实际体验参数和所述第一业务的目标体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标，包括：
所述参数为速率，若在预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标；
或，
所述参数为时延或丢包率，若在预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标。
本申请实施例中，NWDAF可以根据预设连续周期内第一业务的实际体验参数与第一业务的目标体验参数的大小判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标。
以目标用户观看1080P视频的速率为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户为VVIP用户1，周期为1s，即NWDAF每1s接收一次UPF发送的第一业务的实际体验速率，假设本申请中的目标体验速率为10Mbps，且预设连续周期为7s，若该VVIP用户1在该连续的7s内观看1080P视频的实际体验速率均为8Mbps(或者为其它小于10Mbps的实际体验速率，如依次分别为8Mbps、7Mbps、8Mbps、6Mbps、6Mbps、7Mbps、8Mbps)，小于观看1080P视频的目标体验速率10Mbps，则NWDAF可以判断该目标用户的实际体验未达标。
若该VVIP用户1在该连续的7s内观看1080P视频的实际体验速率均为12Mbps(或者为其它大于或等于10Mbps的实际体验速率，如依次分别为12Mbps、14Mbps、14Mbps、12Mbps、12Mbps、13Mbps、12Mbps)，大于观看1080P视频的目标体验速率10Mbps，则NWDAF可以判断该目标用户的实际体验达标。
以目标用户玩游戏的时延为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户为VVIP用户1，周期为1s，即NWDAF每1s接收一次UPF发送的第一业务的实际体验时延，假设本申请中的目标体验时延为50ms，且预设连续周期为7s，若该VVIP用户1在该连续的7s内玩游戏的实际体验时延均为80ms(或者为其它大于50ms的实际体验时延，如依次分别为100ms、120ms、120ms、200ms、120ms、160ms、120ms)，大于玩游戏的目标体验时延50ms，则NWDAF可以判断该目标用户的实际体验未达标。
若该VVIP用户1在该连续的7s内玩游戏的实际体验时延均为30ms(或者为其它小于或等于50ms的实际体验时延，如依次分别为28ms、30ms、40ms、40ms、30ms、30ms、 40ms)，小于玩游戏的目标体验时延50ms，则NWDAF可以判断该目标用户的实际体验达标。
以目标用户玩游戏的丢包率为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户为VVIP用户1，周期为1s，即NWDAF每1s接收一次UPF发送的第一业务的实际体验丢包率，假设本申请中的目标体验丢包率为1‰，且预设连续周期为7s，若该VVIP用户1在该连续的7s内玩游戏的实际体验丢包率均为10‰(或者为其它大于1‰的实际体验丢包率，如依次分别为6‰、8‰、8‰、10‰、10‰、8‰、4‰)，大于玩游戏的目标体验丢包率1‰，则NWDAF可以判断该目标用户的实际体验未达标。
若该VVIP用户1在该连续的7s内玩游戏的实际体验丢包率均为0.5‰(或者为其它小于或等于1‰的实际体验丢包率，如依次分别为0.8‰、0.6‰、0.6‰、0.8‰、0.8‰、0.4‰、0.4‰)，小于玩游戏的目标体验丢包率10％，则NWDAF可以判断该目标用户的实际体验达标。
本申请提供的方案，NWDAF可以根据预设连续周期内第一业务的实际体验参数与第一业务的目标体验参数的大小判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标，即，在参数为速率的情况下，若在预设连续周期内第一业务的实际体验参数小于第一业务的目标体验参数，NWDAF判断目标用户的实际体验未达标，反之则达标；在参数为时延或丢包率的情况下，若在预设连续周期内第一业务的实际体验参数大于第一业务的目标体验参数，NWDAF判断目标用户的实际体验未达标，反之则达标；便于NWDAF根据判断结果动态触发专有QoS流的建立，从而保障目标用户的高端体验。
当然，在一些实施例中，在参数为速率的情况下，若在预设连续周期内第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于第一业务的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标，反之则达标；在参数为时延或丢包率的情况下，若在预设连续周期内第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于第一业务的目标体验参数，判断目标用户的实际体验未达标，反之则达标；不予限制。
方式二：
所述NWDAF根据所述第一业务的实际体验参数和所述第一业务的目标体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标，包括：
所述参数为速率，若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标；
或，
所述参数为时延或丢包率，若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标。
以目标用户观看1080P视频的速率为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户为VVIP用户1，目标体验速率为10Mbps，且预设时长为5min，若该VVIP用户1在5min内有4min的时长观看1080P视频的实际体验速率为8Mbps(或者为其它小于10Mbps的实际体验速 率)，即这5min有80％的时长观看1080P视频的实际体验速率小于观看1080P视频的目标体验速率10Mbps，则NWDAF可以判断该目标用户的实际体验未达标。
若该VVIP用户1在5min内有4min的时长观看1080P视频的实际体验速率为12Mbps(或者为其它大于或等于10Mbps的实际体验速率)，即这5min有80％的时长观看1080P视频的实际体验速率大于观看1080P视频的目标体验速率10Mbps，则NWDAF可以判断该目标用户的实际体验达标。
以目标用户玩游戏的时延为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户为VVIP用户1，目标体验时延为50ms，且预设时长为5min，若该VVIP用户1在5min内有4min的时长玩游戏的实际体验时延为80ms(或者为其它大于50ms的实际体验时延)，即这5min有80％的时长玩游戏的实际体验时延大于玩游戏的目标体验时延50ms，则NWDAF可以判断该目标用户的实际体验未达标。
若该VVIP用户1在5min内有4min的时长玩游戏的实际体验时延为40ms(或者为其它小于或等于50ms的实际体验时延)，即这5min有80％的时长玩游戏的实际体验时延小于玩游戏的目标体验时延50ms，则NWDAF可以判断该目标用户的实际体验达标。
以目标用户玩游戏的丢包率为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户为VVIP用户1，目标体验丢包率为1‰，且预设时长为5min，若该VVIP用户1在5min内有4min的时长玩游戏的实际体验丢包率为10‰(或者为其它大于1‰的实际体验丢包率)，即这5min有80％的时长玩游戏的实际体验丢包率大于玩游戏的目标体验丢包率1‰，则NWDAF可以判断该目标用户的实际体验未达标。
若该VVIP用户1在5min内有4min的时长玩游戏的实际体验丢包率为0.8‰(或者为其它小于或等于1‰的实际体验丢包率)，即这5min有80％的时长玩游戏的实际体验丢包率小于玩游戏的目标体验丢包率1‰，则NWDAF可以判断该目标用户的实际体验达标。
上述示例中指出VVIP用户1在5min内有4min的时长观看1080P视频的实际体验速率小于目标体验速率，则NWDAF可以判断该目标用户的实际体验未达标；反之则达标。其中，该4min可以是连续的，也可以是不连续的。
示例性地，若该VVIP用户1在5min内有4min的时长观看1080P视频的实际体验速率为8Mbps，可以是这5min的前4min的观看1080P视频的实际体验速率为8Mbps，也可以是这5min的前2min和最后2min的观看1080P视频的实际体验速率为8Mbps，不予限制。
类似地，若该VVIP用户1在5min内有4min的时长观看1080P视频的实际体验速率为12Mbps，可以是这5min的前4min的观看1080P视频的实际体验速率为12Mbps，也可以是这5min的前2min和最后2min的观看1080P视频的实际体验速率为12Mbps，不予限制。
对于参数为时延或丢包率，其预设时长的部分时长(如上述示例中所示出的5min内有4min的时长)可以是连续的，也可以是不连续的，与参数为速率类似，在此不再赘述。
本申请提供的方案，NWDAF可以根据在预设时长内的部分时长第一业务的实际体验参数与第一业务的目标体验参数的大小判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标，即，在参数为速率的情况下，若在预设时长内的部分时长第一业务的实际体验参数小于第一业务的目标 体验参数，NWDAF判断目标用户的实际体验未达标，反之则达标；在参数为时延或丢包率的情况下，若在预设时长内的部分时长第一业务的实际体验参数大于第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断目标用户的实际体验未达标，反之则达标；便于NWDAF根据判断结果动态触发专有QoS流的建立，从而保障目标用户的高端体验。
当然，在一些实施例中，在参数为速率的情况下，若在预设时长内的部分时长第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于第一业务的目标体验参数，判断目标用户的实际体验未达标，反之则达标；在参数为时延或丢包率的情况下，若在预设时长内的部分时长第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于第一业务的目标体验参数，判断目标用户的实际体验未达标，反之则达标；不予限制。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第一业务的目标体验参数(也可以称为：第一业务的质量基线)根据历史数据统计确定或NWDAF静态配置。
本申请实施例中，NWDAF可以通过历史数据统计确定第一业务的目标体验参数；或者，NWDAF可以静态配置该第一业务的目标体验参数。其中，历史数据统计可以包括多种算法，静态配置可以包括基于多种方式确定目标体验参数。
(1)通过历史数据统计
作为一种示例，以用户(该用户包括全网用户)观看1080P视频的速率为例，假设本申请实施例中用户包括10000个用户，NWDAF可以采集该10000个用户在过去一周内观看1080P视频的速率，并确定这10000个用户中观看1080P视频的速率排名在前的前10％的1000个用户(应理解，由于小区的繁忙程度该前1000个用户可能包括VVIP用户、VIP用户和普通用户)的速率都大于一个值。如前1000个用户观看1080P视频的速率依次分别为a 1Mbps、a 2Mbps、……、a 998Mbps、a 999Mbps、a 1000Mbps，其中该1000个用户观看1080P视频的速率都不小于40ms，即NWDAF将40Mbps作为用户观看1080P视频的目标体验速率。
作为另一种示例，以用户(该用户包括全网用户)观看1080P视频的时延为例，假设本申请实施例中用户包括10000个用户，NWDAF可以采集该10000个用户在过去一周内观看1080P视频的时延，并确定这10000个用户中观看1080P视频的时延排名在前的前10％的1000个用户(应理解，由于小区的繁忙程度该前1000个用户可能包括VVIP用户、VIP用户和普通用户)的时延都小于一个值。如前1000个用户观看1080P视频的速率依次分别为a 1ms、a 2ms、……、a 998ms、a 999ms、a 1000ms，其中该1000个用户观看1080P视频的速率都不大于20ms，即NWDAF将20ms作为用户观看1080P视频的目标体验时延。
作为另一种示例，以用户(该用户包括全网用户)观看1080P视频的速率为例，假设本申请实施例中用户包括10000个用户，NWDAF可以采集该10000个用户在过去一周内观看1080P视频的速率，并选择这10000个用户中观看1080P视频的速率排名在前的前1000个用户(应理解，由于小区的繁忙程度该前1000个用户可能包括VVIP用户、VIP用户和普通用户)的速率。如前100个用户观看1080P视频的速率依次分别为a 1Mbps、a 2Mbps、……、a 998Mbps、a 999Mbps、a 1000Mbps，对选择的这1000个速率进行均值分析，可以计算其算术平均值，即：(a 1+a 2+……+a 98+a 99+a 100)/1000＝aMbps，即可以确定用户观看1080P视频的目标体验速率为aMbps。
应理解，对于上述数值计算均值的方法包括但不限于上述示例所示出的，还可以通过 其它算法进行计算，如几何平均值、均方根平均值等，不予限制。
(2)静态配置
以目标用户观看1080P视频的速率为例，NWDAF可以根据终端测试的数据配置VVIP用户观看1080P视频的目标体验速率，如终端测试用户观看1080P视频流畅时的速率为10Mbps，则NWDAF可以配置VVIP用户观看1080P视频的目标体验速率为10Mbps。
或者，NWDAF可以根据行业经验配置VVIP用户观看1080P视频的目标体验速率，如根据行业经验确定用户观看1080P视频流畅时的速率为10Mbps，则NWDAF可以配置VVIP用户观看1080P视频的目标体验速率为10Mbps。
或者，NWDAF可以基于运营商希望给予VVIP用户的保障阈值作为目标体验速率，如运营商希望给予VVIP用户观看1080P视频的保障阈值为10Mbps，则NWDAF可以配置VVIP用户观看1080P视频的目标体验速率为10Mbps。
本申请提供的方案，第一业务的目标体验参数可以根据历史数据统计确定或通过NWDAF静态配置，从而建立目标用户的第一业务的目标体验参数，便于NWDAF基于该目标体验参数判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标，进一步地，NWDAF根据判断结果动态触发专有QoS流的建立，从而保障目标用户的高端体验。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述NWDAF向PCF发送请求消息，包括：
所述NWDAF通过N5接口向所述PCF发送所述请求消息。
本申请实施例中，NWDAF向PCF发送所述请求消息时，可以通过网络中已有的N5接口发送，不需要额外扩展其它接口即可为用户的业务请求建立QoS专载，可以减少业务配置的复杂性。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在为所述目标用户请求到所述专有QoS流的情况下，所述方法400还包括：
所述NWDAF生成评估报告，所述评估报告包括为所述目标用户请求到所述专有QoS流前后的保障效果，和/或，所述目标用户与其它用户的体验的对比结果。
本申请实施例中，在为目标用户请求到专有QoS流的情况下，NWDAF还可以生成评估报告，该评估报告主要用于为用户提供体验优化对比。
示例性地，以目标用户观看1080P视频的速率为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户为VVIP用户1，在该VVIP用户1请求到专有QoS流之前，该用户观看1080P视频的速率为8Mbps，在该VVIP用户1请求到专有QoS流之后，该用户观看1080P视频的速率为10Mbps，则该VVIP用户1请求到专有QoS流前后观看1080P视频的速率提升了25％。
示例性地，仍然以目标用户观看1080P视频的速率为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户为VVIP用户1，在该VVIP用户1请求到专有QoS流之后，该用户观看1080P视频的速率为10Mbps，而其它用户(包括普通用户和VIP用户)观看1080P视频的速率可能为5Mbps，若其它用户包括80个用户，则该VVIP用户1请求到专有QoS流之后观看1080P视频的速率超过这80个用户。假设网络中此时还有20个VVIP用户(包括VVIP用户1)，则该VVIP用户1请求到专有QoS流之后观看1080P视频的速率至少超过80％的用户。
类似地，对于时延或丢包率，评估报告中也可以包括为目标用户请求到专有QoS流前后的保障效果，如为目标用户请求到专有QoS流前后观看1080P视频的时延降低了20％，或者，为目标用户请求到专有QoS流前后观看1080P视频的丢包率减少了5‰；还可以包 括目标用户与其它用户的体验的对比结果，如目标用户请求到专有QoS流之后观看1080P视频的时延或丢包率至少超过80％的用户。
可以理解的是，若本申请实施例中的目标用户为VVIP用户，则上述其它用户可以包括普通用户和VIP用户；若本申请实施例中的目标用户为VIP用户，则上述其它用户可以包括普通用户。
本申请提供的方案，在为目标用户请求到专有QoS流的情况下，NWDAF还可以生成评估报告，该评估包括为目标用户请求到专有QoS流前后的保障效果(如目标用户请求到专有QoS流前后观看1080P视频的速率提升了25％)，和/或，目标用户与其它用户的体验的对比结果(目标用户请求到专有QoS流之后观看1080P视频的速率至少超过80％的用户)；体现对目标用户的保障效果，增加目标用户的粘性，进一步地，可以提升目标用户的体验。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述方法400还包括：所述NWDAF向所述UPF订阅所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。
相应地，对于UPF，UPF接受所述NWDAF向其订阅的所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。
本申请实施例中，NWDAF可以向UPF订阅目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数，UPF针对NWDAF向其订阅目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数，UPF可以支持并接受NWDAF向其订阅的所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。后续UPF可以监测目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数并将监测结果发送给NWDAF。
上文指出，本申请实施例中的参数可以包括速率、时延、丢包率。在具体监测过程中，可以根据以下方式进行监测。
(1)速率
如图5所示，为本申请实施例提供的一种速率监测的示意图。其中，横坐标表示时间，纵坐标表示字节数。
参考图5，T1、T2分别表示业务流的开始时间和结束时间。t1～t2表示单位时间(该单位时间不大于1秒)，本申请中t1～t2这一时间段的速率即为t1～t2这一时间段内的字节数与单位时间的比值。
若监测的是上行速率，则上行速率为单位时间内上行报文的字节数/单位时间；若监测的是下行速率，则下行速率为单位时间内下行报文的字节数/单位时间。
(2)时延
如图6所示，为本申请实施例提供的一种时延监测的示意图。其中，图6中的(a)为下行时延监测的示意图，图6中的(b)为上行时延监测的示意图。
参考图6中的(a)，服务器向UPF发送传输控制协议(transmission control protocol，TCP)下行报文的时间戳为990ms，UPF向UE发送该TCP下行报文的时间戳为10000ms，UPF接收到UE发送的响应时间戳为10001ms，则UPF监测的下行时延△t＝10001-10000＝1ms。
参考图6中的(b)，UE向UPF发送上行TCP报文的时间戳为20000ms，UPF向服务器发送该上行TCP报文的时间戳为20010ms，UPF接收到服务器发送的响应时间戳为20011ms，则UPF监测的上行时延△t＝20011-20010＝1ms。
此外，需要说明的是，对于没有确认机制的传输协议(如用户数据报协议(user datagram protocol，UDP))，可以通过关联的同一个用户的同一个业务的服务器的TCP的时延推算UDP的时延，如可以将测量的TCP的时延作为UDP的时延。
(3)丢包率
本申请实施例中，丢包率＝丢包报文个数/总报文个数。若在某一方向上收到期望的TCP的序列号(serial number，SN)的报文之前收到三个及以上在期望报文TCP之后的报文，例如，UPF收到TCP报文序列号为：1、2、4、5、6、3，以快速重传理论为基础，可以认为3为重传报文，则丢包率＝1/6＝16.7％。
本申请提供的方案，NWDAF通过向UPF订阅目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数可以获取目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数，可以实现对目标用户的第一业务的业务体验的监测和感知，便于NWDAF基于该实际体验参数判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标，进一步地，NWDAF根据判断结果动态触发专有QoS流的建立，从而保障目标用户的高端体验。
如图7所示为本申请另一实施例提供的通信方法700的示意图。该方法700可以包括步骤710～730。
710，PCF确定第一消息，所述第一消息包括目标用户的第一业务、所述第一业务的目标体验参数、判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标的方法。
本申请实施例中的第一业务可以包括用户观看视频、用户玩游戏、VR、IM、用户上传或下载文件、用户浏览网页等。应理解，本申请实施例中的第一业务包括但不限于上述所示出的业务，不应对本申请造成特别限定。
本申请实施例中的目标体验参数可以包括目标体验速率、目标体验时延、目标体验丢包率。示例性地，以用户观看1080P视频的速率为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户为VVIP用户1，该VVIP用户1流畅观看1080P视频时的速率应该达到10Mbps，即该VVIP用户1观看1080P视频的目标体验速率为10Mbps。
可以理解的是，对于不同用户，其第一业务的目标体验参数可以相同，也可以不同，主要是与用户的5QI有关。例如，以目标体验速率为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户包括VVIP用户1和VVIP用户2，若VVIP用户1和VVIP用户2的5QI相同，则VVIP用户1的优先级与VVIP用户2的优先级相同，因此，VVIP用户1的目标体验速率可以等于VVIP用户2的目标体验速率。假设本申请实施例中的目标用户包括VVIP用户1和VIP用户1，由于VVIP用户1的5QI小于VIP用户1的5QI，即VVIP用户1的优先级高于VIP用户1的，因此，VVIP用户1的目标体验速率可以大于VIP用户1的目标体验速率。
再例如，以目标体验时延为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户包括VVIP用户1和VVIP用户2，若VVIP用户1和VVIP用户2的5QI相同，则VVIP用户1的优先级与VVIP用户2的优先级相同，因此，VVIP用户1的目标体验时延可以等于VVIP用户2的目标体验时延。假设本申请实施例中的目标用户包括VVIP用户1和VIP用户1，由于VVIP用户1的5QI小于VIP用户1的5QI，即VVIP用户1的优先级高于VIP用户1的，因此，VVIP用户1的目标体验时延可以小于VIP用户1的目标体验时延。
再例如，以目标体验丢包率为例，假设本申请实施例中的目标用户包括VVIP用户1 和VVIP用户2，若VVIP用户1和VVIP用户2的5QI相同，则VVIP用户1的优先级与VVIP用户2的优先级相同，因此，VVIP用户1的目标体验丢包率可以等于VVIP用户2的目标体验丢包率。假设本申请实施例中的目标用户包括VVIP用户1和VIP用户1，由于VVIP用户1的5QI小于VIP用户1的5QI，即VVIP用户1的优先级高于VIP用户1的，因此，VVIP用户1的目标体验丢包率可以小于VIP用户1的目标体验丢包率。
712，所述PCF向SMF发送所述第一消息。
714，SMF接收PCF发送的第一消息。
716，所述SMF向UPF发送所述第一消息。
718，UPF接收SMF发送的第一消息。
720，所述UPF根据所述第一消息和所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标。
本申请实施例中，UPF通过SMF接收到PCF发送的第一消息后，可以根据该第一消息和目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标，具体判断的方法请参考下文。
722，在确定所述目标用户的实际体验未达标时，所述UPF向所述SMF发送第一通知消息，所述第一通知消息用于通知所述SMF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标。
本申请实施例中，在确定目标用户的实际体验未达标时，UPF向SMF发送用于通知所述SMF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标的第一通知消息。可以理解的是，该第一通知消息旨在通知SMF目标用户的实际体验未达标。
724，SMF接收所述UPF发送的第一通知消息。
726，所述SMF向PCF发送第二通知消息，所述第二通知消息用于通知所述PCF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标。
本申请实施例中，SMF接收到UPF发送的第一通知消息后，可以向PCF发送用于通知所述PCF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标的第二通知消息。可以理解的是，该第二通知消息旨在通知PCF目标用户的实际体验未达标。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中的第一通知消息和第二通知消息并无本质区别，目的均在于通知网元目标用户的实际体验未达标，只是第一通知消息是UPF通知SMF目标用户的实际体验未达标，第二通知消息是SMF通知PCF目标用户的实际体验未达标。
728，所述PCF接收所述SMF发送的第二通知消息。
730，所述PCF根据所述第二通知消息和调整策略向所述SMF发送请求参数信息，所述请求参数信息用于为所述目标用户请求专有QoS流。
本申请实施例中，PCF通过SMF接收到UPF发送的第二通知消息后，可以根据该第二通知消息和调整策略向SMF发送用于为所述目标用户请求专有QoS流的请求参数信息。其中，本申请实施例中为目标用户请求的专有QoS流即为GBR承载的QoS流，由于GBR承载的资源不被抢占，在其承诺的带宽内的数据包均可以被转发，从而可以为目标用户提供保障。
本申请提供的方案，UPF通过SMF接收到PCF发送的第一消息后，可以根据该第一消息和目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数判断该目标用户的实际体验是否达标，在确定目标用户的实际体验未达标时，UPF通过SMF向PCF发送通知消息，PCF在接收到该通 知消息后，根据所述通知消息和调整策略向所述SMF发送用于为所述目标用户请求专有QoS流的请求参数信息。由于本申请的方案是由PCF动态触发专有QoS流的建立，可以具备自动保障能力，也不需要依赖OTT的配合，从而可以提升用户体验。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述通知消息包括以下至少一种：
所述目标用户的用户ID、所述目标用户的IP地址、所述第一业务的类型、所述第一业务的业务流IP五元组。
本申请实施例中的通知消息(即为上述第一通知消息和/或第二通知消息)中可以包括上述参数至少一种。其中，目标用户的用户ID可以用于表征用户的身份。
目标用户的IP地址也可以称为目标用户的网际协议地址，对于任一设备，该IP地址是唯一的，因此，用户在使用某一设备时，通过唯一的IP地址即可知道用户的地址。
第一业务的类型可以包括多种，如视频类、文件类等。
第一业务的业务流IP五元组包括：第一业务的源IP地址、第一业务的源端口、第一业务的目的IP地址、第一业务的目的端口、传输第一业务的传输层协议。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述请求参数信息包括以下至少一种：
所述目标用户的用户ID、所述目标用户的IP地址、所述第一业务的类型、所述第一业务的业务流IP五元组、保障所述第一业务的GBR、MBR、5QI。
本申请实施例中的请求参数信息中可以包括上述参数至少一种。其中，目标用户的用户ID可以用于表征用户的身份。
目标用户的IP地址也可以称为目标用户的网际协议地址，对于任一设备，该IP地址是唯一的，因此，用户在使用某一设备时，通过唯一的IP地址即可知道用户的地址。
第一业务的类型可以包括多种，如视频类、文件类等。
第一业务的业务流IP五元组包括：第一业务的源IP地址、第一业务的源端口、第一业务的目的IP地址、第一业务的目的端口、传输第一业务的传输层协议。
保障第一业务的GBR，即保证第一业务的最小比特速率，如第一业务为观看1080P视频，则保证观看1080P视频的速率可以为10Mbps；MBR为最大比特速率，如第一业务为观看1080P视频，则保证观看1080P视频的速率可以为500Mbps。
本申请实施例中的5QI即为该目标用户请求的GBR承载的优先级，如该5QI为1～4或65～67或75中的任一个。其中，对于4G系统来说，该5QI可以为1～4中的任一个，对于5G系统来说，该5QI可以为1～4或65～67或75中的任一个。
本申请实施例中，PCF向SMF发送用于为所述目标用户请求专有QoS流的请求参数后，SMF可以通过N1N2消息向AMF传输该请求参数信息，AMF通过协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话资源修改请求消息将该请求参数信息发给RAN；此外，SMF通过报文转发控制协议(packet forwarding control protocol，PFCP)会话修改请求消息通知UPF创建新的QoS流；RAN通过空口资源预留保障目标用户的体验。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第一业务的目标体验参数通过所述PCF静态配置。
以目标用户观看1080P视频的速率为例，PCF可以根据终端测试的数据配置VVIP用户观看1080P视频的目标体验速率，如终端测试用户观看1080P视频流畅时的速率为10Mbps，则PCF可以配置VVIP用户观看1080P视频的目标体验速率为10Mbps。
或者，PCF可以根据行业经验配置VVIP用户观看1080P视频的目标体验速率，如根 据行业经验确定用户观看1080P视频流畅时的速率为10Mbps，则PCF可以配置VVIP用户观看1080P视频的目标体验速率为10Mbps。
或者，PCF可以基于运营商希望给予VVIP用户的保障阈值作为目标体验速率，如运营商希望给予VVIP用户观看1080P视频的保障阈值为10Mbps，则PCF可以配置VVIP用户观看1080P视频的目标体验速率为10Mbps。
本申请提供的方案，第一业务的目标体验参数可以由PCF静态配置，从而建立目标用户的第一业务的目标体验参数，便于UPF基于该目标体验参数判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标，进一步地，PCF根据判断结果动态触发专有QoS流的建立，从而保障目标用户的高端体验。
上文步骤720指出，UPF根据所述第一消息和所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标。其中，判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标的方式可以包括以下方式。
方式一：
所述UPF根据所述第一消息和所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标，包括：
所述参数为速率，若在预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标；
或，
所述参数为时延或丢包率，若在预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标。
方式二：
所述UPF根据所述第一消息和所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标，包括：
所述参数为速率，若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标；
或，
所述参数为时延或丢包率，若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标。
关于UPF判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标的两种方式与上述方法400中NWDAF判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标的两种方式类似，区别在于执行主体的不同，上述方法400中是由NWDAF判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标的，而本申请实施例中是由UPF 判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标的，具体判断方法请参考上述方法400中的相关内容，在此不再赘述。
上文步骤712、716、722、726、730中说明了可以由一网元可以向另一网元发送消息或参数信息，在具体发送时，可以通过网络中已有的请求或报告或响应发送所涉及的消息或参数信息。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述PCF向SMF发送所述第一消息，包括：
响应于接收所述SMF发送的PDU会话建立请求，所述PCF向所述SMF发送会话管理策略控制创建响应消息，所述会话管理策略控制创建响应消息包括所述第一消息。
本申请实施例中，PCF接收SMF发送的PDU会话建立请求，响应于接收的PDU会话建立请求，可以向SMF发送会话管理策略控制创建响应消息，该会话管理策略控制创建响应消息中包括本申请的第一消息，由于本申请的第一消息不需要通过其它额外请求发送，可以节省资源的开销。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述SMF向UPF发送所述第一消息，包括：
所述SMF向所述UPF发送PFCP会话创建请求，所述PFCP会话创建请求包括所述第一消息。
本申请实施例中，SMF向UPF发送第一消息时，可以通过向其发送的PFCP会话创建请求发送该第一消息，由于本申请中的第一消息不需要通过其它额外请求发送，可以节省资源的开销。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述UPF向所述SMF发送第一通知消息，包括：
所述UPF向所述SMF发送PFCP会话报告请求，所述PFCP会话报告请求包括所述第一通知消息。
本申请实施例中，UPF向SMF发送第一通知消息时，可以通过向其发送的PFCP会话报告请求发送该第一通知消息，由于本申请中的第一通知消息不需要通过其它额外报告请求发送，可以节省资源的开销。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述SMF向PCF发送第二通知消息，包括：
所述SMF向所述PCF发送会话管理策略控制更新请求，所述会话管理策略控制更新请求包括所述第二通知消息。
本申请实施例中，SMF向PCF发送第二通知消息时，可以通过向其发送的会话管理策略控制更新请求发送该第二通知消息，由于本申请中的第二通知消息不需要通过其它额外请求发送，可以节省资源的开销。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述PCF根据所述通知消息和调整策略向所述SMF发送请求参数信息，包括：
所述PCF根据所述通知消息和所述调整策略向所述SMF发送会话管理策略控制更新响应，所述会话管理策略控制更新响应包括所述请求参数信息。
本申请实施例中，PCF向SMF发送请求参数信息时，可以通过向其发送的会话管理策略控制更新响应发送该请求参数信息，由于本申请中的请求参数信息不需要通过其它额外响应发送，可以节省资源的开销。
需要说明的是，上述各实施例中所示出的数值仅为举例说明，还可以为其它数值，不应对本申请造成特别限定。
还需要说明的是，上述各实施例中所涉及的网元可以对应到4G网络中，如PCF可以对应4G网络中的策略和计费规则功能(policy charging and rules function，PCRF)，SMF可以对应4G网络中的网关-控制面(gateway-control，GW-C)，UPF可以对应4G网络中的网关-用户面(gateway-user，GW-U)；此外，对于NWDAF，由于4G网络中无对应网元，可以将新建的NWDAF同时应用于4G网络中，和4G网络中的网元对接。
上述图4中主要介绍了通过UPF监测目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数，并将该实际体验参数发送给NWDAF，NWDAF根据接收到的目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数做进一步地质差判断，确定目标用户的第一业务的实际体验是否达标，如果目标用户的第一业务的实际体验未达标，NWDAF为该目标用户请求专有的QoS流。UPF将目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数发送给NWDAF，其中，NWDAF需要向UPR订阅目标用户的第一业务的实时数据，UPF与NWDAF之间数据交互量大，导致UPF和NWDAF的性能损耗较大。为此本申请如图11所示的实施例提出另一种通信方法，解决图4实施例中的UPF将实时监测的目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数向NWDAF发送所导致UPF和NWDAF的性能损耗较大的问题。
下面将结合图11详细说明本申请实施例提供的通信方法1100。
如图11所示为本申请一实施例提供的通信方法1100的示意图。该方法1100可以包括步骤1110～1130。
1110，UPF接收来自NWDAF的目标用户的第一业务的质量基准。
相应的，NWDAF向UPF发送目标用户的第一业务的质量基准。
其中，第一业务的质量基线用于确定该目标用户的体验是否达标。
本申请实施例中的目标用户可以为本文中的VVIP用户，也可以为本文中的VIP用户。
本申请实施例中的第一业务可以包括用户观看视频、用户玩游戏、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)、即时通信(instant messaging，IM)、用户上传或下载文件、用户浏览网页等。应理解，本申请实施例中的第一业务包括但不限于上述所示出的业务，不应对本申请造成特别限定。
可选地，UPF还可以接收来自NWDAF的目标用户的第一业务的业务类型和目标用户的预定义规则名称。
其中，该目标用户的第一业务的业务类型是指第一业务的业务种类和/或该业务类型的应用类型。举例来说，第一业务的业务种类可以是直播、视频、游戏、文件等等，业务类型的应用类型可以是抖音、淘宝、快手等。
其中，该目标用户的预定义规则名称用于标识目标用户的签约套餐，该签约套餐为该第一业务的签约套餐。举例来说，该目标用户与运营商签约了抖音直播的业务套餐，其中，该套餐中可能包含运营商为该目标用户提供抖音直播业务的速率保障规则(保障规则包括：保障时长、保障速率、保障次数等等)。该UPF接收来自NWDAF的目标用户的第一业务的业务类型和目标用户的预定义规则名称，UPF对该目标用户的第一业务进行速率监测。需要说明的是，签约套餐中还可能包括运营商为该目标用户提供的其他参数保障规则，该其他参数保障规则例如：时延保障规则，丢包率保障规则。对此本申请不做限定。
应理解，NWDAF确定目标用户的第一业务的质量基准时，可以通过NWDAF静态配置，也可以通过NWDAF对历史数据统计确定，其中NWDAF静态配置和历史数据统计 可以参考图4中的描述，此处不再赘述。
需要说明的是，图11所示的实施例中，第一业务的质量基准与上述图4中第一业务的目标体验参数相同，都是用来判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标。
可选地，该体验参数可以包括以下至少一种：速率、时延、丢包率。
可选地，该速率可以包括上行速率和/或下行速率。
可选地，该时延可以包括上行时延和/或下行时延。
1120，当该第一业务的体验参数未满足该第一业务的质量基准时，UPF向NWDAF发送第二消息，其中，该第二消息用于指示该目标用户的体验未达标，该第二消息包括该目标用户的用户标识ID和第一业务的业务流。
可选地，第二消息中还可以包括第一业务的类型和/或第一业务的劣化级别。
其中，第一业务的劣化类级别用于表示该第一业务的的体验参数距离该第一业务的质量基准的大小。作为一种示例，当第一业务的体验参数与该第一业务的质量基准相差越大，劣化级别越大；当第一业务的体验参数与该第一业务的质量基准相差越小，则劣化级别越小。或者说，当第一业务的体验参数与该第一业务的质量基准相差越大，则劣化级别越高；当第一业务的体验参数与该第一业务的质量基准相差越小，则劣化级别越低。
应理解，UPF监测目标用户的第一业务的体验参数，并通过目标用户的第一业务的质量基准确定该第一业务的体验参数是否达标。
其中，UPF监测目标用户的第一业务的体验参数的详细说明，请参数图4中步骤410中的描述。
UPF根据目标用户的第一业务的体验参数和接收来自NWDAF目标用户的第一业务的质量基准确定，该目标用户的第一业务的体验是否达标。
其中，判断目标用户的体验是否达标的方式可以包括以下方式。
方式一：
该UPF根据目标用户的第一业务的体验参数和第一业务的质量基准判断该目标用户的体验是否达标，包括以下一项或多项：
该体验参数为速率，若在多个周期内该第一业务的体验参数小于或等于该第一业务的质量基准，UPF判断该目标用户的体验未达标，
该体验参数为时延，若在多个周期内该第一业务的体验参数大于或等于该第一业务的质量基准，UPF判断该目标用户的体验未达标，
或，
该体验参数为丢包率，若在多个周期内该第一业务的体验参数大于或等于该第一业务的质量基准，UPF判断该目标用户的体验未达标。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中的多个周期可以是连续的多个周期，也可以是不连续的多个周期。
方式二：
该UPF根据目标用户的第一业务的体验参数和第一业务的质量基准判断该目标用户的体验是否达标，包括以下一项或多项：
该体验参数为速率，若在预设时长内的未满足该质量基准的时长占比大于或等于第六阈值时，该第一业务的体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的质量基准，UPF判断该目标用 户的体验未达标，
该体验参数为时延，若在预设时长内的未满足该质量基准的时长占比大于或等于第七阈值时，该第一业务的体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的质量基准，UPF判断该目标用户的体验未达标，
或，
该体验参数为丢包率，若在预设时长内的未满足该质量基准的时长占比大于或等于第八阈值时，该第一业务的体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的质量基准，UPF判断该目标用户的体验未达标。
关于UPF判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标的两种方式与上述方法400中NWDAF判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标的两种方式类似，区别在于执行主体的不同，上述方法400中是由NWDAF判断目标用户的体验是否达标的，而本申请图11中所示的实施例中是由UPF判断目标用户的实际体验是否达标的。具体判断方法请参考上述方法400中的相关内容，在此不再赘述。
UPF确定目标用户的体验未达标，向NWDAF发送第二消息。
相应地，NWDAF接收来自UPF的第二消息，NWDAF根据第二消息和第一条件确定是否向PCF发送请求消息，如图11所示的方法，该方法还包括：
1130，当目标用户满足在第一条件时，NWDAF根据第二消息向PCF发送请求消息。
相应地，PCF接收来自NWDAF的请求消息。
其中，该请求消息用于为该目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。本申请实施例中NWDAF为目标用户请求的专有QoS流即为GBR承载的QoS流。GBR承载为该目标用户请求的专用QoS流，在GBR承载的带宽内，该目标用户的数据包均可以被转发，从而可以为目标用户提供保障。
可选地，该请求消息可以包括目标用户的互联网协议IP地址和最大比特速率。
其中，目标用户的IP地址也可以称为目标用户的网际协议地址，对于任一设备，该IP地址是唯一的，因此，用户在使用某一设备时，通过唯一的IP地址即可知道用户的地址。
其中，最大比特速率为GBR能够达到的速率的上限。在GBR承载在资源充足的情况下，所能够达到的速率上限为最大比特速率(maximum bit rate，MBR)。对于Non-GBR承载，使用聚合最大比特速率(aggregate maximum bit rate，AMBR)来限制所有Non-GBR承载的最大速率(注意，不是限制某个Non-GBR承载，而是针对UE级别的)。具体举例请参见图4中步骤450中详细说明，此处不再赘述。
可选地，该请求消息还可以包括以下至少一种：目标用户的用户标识ID、第一业务的类型、第一业务的业务流、保障第一业务的保证比特速率GBR。
其中，目标用户的用户ID可以用于表征用户的身份。
其中，第一业务的业务流包括：第一业务的源IP地址、第一业务的源端口、第一业务的目的IP地址、第一业务的目的端口、传输第一业务的传输层协议。
其中，保障第一业务的GBR，即保证第一业务的最小比特速率，如第一业务为观看1080P视频，则保证观看1080P视频的速率可以为10Mbps；MBR为最大比特速率，如第一业务为观看1080P视频，则保证观看1080P视频的速率可以为500Mbps。应理解，该 1080P是一种视频显式的格式，其中P表示progressive scan逐行扫描。1080P表示该视频具有1920x1080分辨率，像素能够达到200万。
可选地，该第一条件可以包括以下中的至少一种：
目标用户所属小区的无线资源使用率小于或等于第一阈值；
目标用户的信号质量大于或等于第二阈值；
目标用户的签约信息中的保障次数小于或等于第三阈值；
目标用户所属小区专有服务质量QoS流的数量小于等于第四阈值。
应理解，第一条件与目标用户的所属小区的拥塞状态、目标用户的信号质量、目标用户的签约信息、目标用户所属小区专有服务质量QoS流的数量上限相关。
例如，目标用户的所属小区的拥塞状态可以用目标用户所属的小区无线资源使用率的大小进行表示。
例如，目标用户的信号质量信息可以包括以下中的至少一种：信号质量，信号功率，信干燥比。
例如，目标用户的签约信息可以是该目标用户的保障次数，目标用户的保障次数是根据目标用户的签约套餐确定的，签约套餐的内容可以由运营商决定。
例如，目标用户所属小区专用服务质量QoS流的数量的上限由运营商决定。
作为一种示例，第一条件与该目标小区的拥塞状态相关。举例来说，目标用户所属小区的拥塞状态分为三个拥塞等级(轻度、中度、重度)。其中，轻度等级为小区内的无线资源使用率小于40％，中度等级为小区内的无线资源使用率大于或等于40％，且小于或等于70％，重度等级为小区内的无线资源使用率大于70％。若第一阈值设置为70％,当NWDAF确定目标用户的所属小区当前的无线资源使用率为23％时，无线资源使用率小于第一阈值，NWDAF确定目标用户满足在第一条件，NWDAF向PCF发送请求消息，为目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。当NWDAF确定目标用户的所属小区当前的无线资源使用率为55％时，无线资源使用率小于第一阈值，NWDAF确定目标用户满足在第一条件，NWDAF向PCF发送请求消息，为目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。当NWDAF确定目标用户的所属小区当前的无线资源使用率为90％时，无线资源使用率大于第一阈值，NWDAF确定目标用户不满足在第一条件，NWDAF不向PCF发送请求消息。
作为另一种示例，第一条件与该目标用户的信号质量信息相关。举例来说，目标用户的信号质量大于或等于第二阈值时，则表示该目标用户的信号质量强；用户的信号质量小于第二阈值时，则表示该目标用户的信号质量弱。当NWDAF确定目标用户的信号质量大于或等于第二阈值时，NWDAF向PCF发送请求消息。当NWDAF确定目标用户的信号质量小于第二阈值，NWDAF不向PCF发送请求消息。
作为另一种示例，第一条件与该目标用户的签约信息相关。举例来说，该目标用户签约的套餐中体验保障每月为100次/100小时。当该目标用户本月未使用完签约信息中的保障次数，即目标用户已使用的保障次数小于第三阈值，NWDAF确定目标用户满足第一条件，NWDAF向PCF发送请求消息，为目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。当该目标用户本月已使用完签约信息中的保障次数，即目标用户已使用的保障次数大于或等于第三阈值，NWDAF确定目标用户不满足第一条件，NWDAF不向PCF发送请求消息为目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。
作为另一种示例，第一条件与该目标用户的签约信息相关。举例来说，该目标用户签约的套餐中体验保障每月为100次/100小时。当该目标用户本月未使用完签约信息中的保障次数，即目标用户已使用的保障次数小于第三阈值，NWDAF确定目标用户满足第一条件，NWDAF向PCF发送请求消息，为目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。当该目标用户本月已使用完签约信息中的保障次数，即目标用户已使用的保障次数大于或等于第三阈值，NWDAF确定目标用户不满足第一条件，NWDAF不向PCF发送请求消息为目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。
作为另一种示例，第一条件与该目标用户所属小区专有服务质量QoS流的数量上限相关。举例来说，假设该小区的QoS流的数量上限为500，即第四阈值为500。当NWDAF接收到第二消息后，确定此时该小区的QoS流的数量为450，NWDAF确定目标用户满足第一条件，NWDAF向PCF发送请求消息，为目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。当NWDAF接收到第二消息后，确定此时该小区的QoS流的数量为500，NWDAF确定目标用户不满足第一条件，NWDAF不向PCF发送请求消息。
需要说明的是，上述图11中的步骤1130中关于NWDAF向PCF发送的请求消息的具体信息内容，详细内容请参见上述图4中步骤450中的详细描述，为了避免冗余，此处不在赘述。
可选地，图11中所示的方法还包括：NWDAF通过N5接口向该PCF发送请求消息。应理解的是，NWDAF还可以通过其他的接口向PCF发送该请求消息。以N5接口为例，通过使用现有的N5接口，可以节省NWDAF与PCF之间的部署成本，简化网络架构，有利于网络的运营和维护，也有助于提升通信的效率。后续均以NWDAF通过N5接口与PCF进行通信为例进行描述。
在NWDAF通过N5接口向PCF发送请求消息的情况下，该请求消息可以包含的目标用户的用户标识ID。该用户标识ID可以用于表征用户的身份。该用户标识ID可以是公共用户标识(generic public subscription identifier,GPSI)目标用户的手机号码，也可以是用户永久标识(subscription permanent identifier,SUPI)，即目标用户国际移动用户识别号(international mobile subscriber identification number,IMSI)或者称为IMSI卡号。
在NWDAF通过N5接口向PCF发送请求消息的情况下，该请求消息可以包含目标用户的互联网协议IP地址。用户在使用某一设备时，通过唯一的IP地址即可知道用户的地址。该目标用户的互联网协议IP地址可以包括服务与该目标用户的Ipv6地址和/或服务与该目标用户的Ipv4地址。
在NWDAF通过N5接口向PCF发送请求消息的情况下，该请求消息可以包含保障第一业务的保证比特速率GBR，该GBR可以包括上行链路的最小请求带宽和/或下行链路的最小请求带宽。
在NWDAF通过N5接口向PCF发送请求消息的情况下，该请求消息可以包含最大比特速率。该最大比特速率为GBR能够达到的速率的上限。该最大比特速率可以包括上行链路的最大请求带宽和/或下行链路的最大请求带宽。
本申请实施例中，NWDAF向PCF发送请求消息时，可以通过网络中已有的N5接口发送，不需要额外扩展其它接口(如N2,N3接口)为用户的业务请求建立QoS流，降低业务配置的复杂性的同时，降低了PCF接口改造成本，提高资源利用率。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在为目标用户请求到专有QoS流的情况下，该方法1100还包括：
NWDAF生成评估报告，评估报告包括为目标用户请求到专有QoS流前后的保障效果，和/或，目标用户与其它用户的体验的对比结果。
可选地，NWDAF向目标用户发送该评估报告。
本申请实施例中，在为目标用户请求到专有QoS流的情况下，NWDAF还可以生成评估报告，该评估报告主要用于为用户提供体验优化对比，提高用户粘性。
其中，该NWDAF生成评估报告的具体举例，请参见图4，此处不再赘述。
可选地，在一些实施例中，NWDAF可以根据退出保障机制停止为该目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流。
其中，该NWDAF根据退出保障机制停止为该目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流时，有以下几种情况：
情况一
NWDAF通过N5接口接收到第三消息，该NWDAF停止为目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流，第三消息用于指示该目标用户的策略控制网元PDU会话释放或者该目标用户的第一业务的业务流(service data flow，SDF)结束。
其中，该第三消息还可以是该目标用户的第一业务的业务流已经全部结束，或者，该目标用户下线，该NWDAF停止为目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流。
情况二
NWDAF确定该目标用户的保障时长达到第五阈值，该NWDAF停止为目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流。
其中，该第五阈值用于表示该目标用户签约信息中的套餐加速时长阈值。
作为一种示例，当该目标用户的签约套餐为199元套餐(该用户签约套餐内容由运营商决定)，假设，该签约套餐中的保障时长为100个小时。NWDAF确定此时该目标用户的保障时长达到100小时，NWDAF停止为目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流。
情况三
NWDAF确定该目标用户的所属小区的拥塞状态变化时，该NWDAF停止为目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流。
作为一种示例，NWDAF确定该目标用户的所属小区的拥塞状态由中度拥挤变化成为重度拥挤或者严重拥挤时，NWDAF主动释放该目标用户的专有服务质量QoS流，并停止为目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流。
基于上述提供的技术方案，NWDAF根据上述条件，确定停止为该目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流，进一步地避免资源的浪费。
通过该实施例的方法，UPF对目标用户的第一业务的体验参数进行监测，并根据监测得到第一业务的体验参数与接收来自NWDAF的第一业务的质量基准进行判断，确定第一业务的体验参数不满足第一业务的质量基准时，UPF向NWDAF发送第二消息。其中，该第二消息用于指示该目标用户的第一业务体验未达标，NWDAF确定目标用户是否满足第一条件判断是否根据第二消息向PCF发送用于为该目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流的请求消息。若该目标用户满足第一条件，NWDAF根据第二消息向PCF发送该请求消息。 上述实施例提供的技术方案避免了NWDAF与UPF之间订阅目标用户的信息之间的交互，降低了UPF和NWDAF之间的性能损耗，同时NWDAF确定是否动态触发专有QoS流的建立，可以具备自动保障能力，也不需要依赖OTT的配合，从而可以提升用户体验。
图8和图9为本申请的实施例提供的可能的通信装置的结构示意图。这些通信装置可以实现上述方法实施例中网络设备的功能，因此也能实现上述方法实施例所具备的有益效果，未详细描述的部分请参考上述方法实施例的内容。
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置1000的示意性结构图，该装置1000可以包括收发模块1010和处理模块1020。
当通信装置1000用于实现图4所述方法实施例中NWDAF的功能时，所述收发模块1010，用于接收用户平面功能UPF发送的目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数；所述处理模块1020，用于根据所述第一业务的实际体验参数和所述第一业务的目标体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标；所述收发模块1010，还用于在确定所述目标用户的实际体验未达标时，向策略控制功能PCF发送请求消息，所述请求消息用于为所述目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述请求消息包括以下至少一种：
所述目标用户的用户标识ID、所述目标用户的互联网协议IP地址、所述第一业务的类型、所述第一业务的业务流IP五元组、保障所述第一业务的保证比特速率GBR、最大比特速率MBR。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述处理模块1020具体用于：
所述参数为速率，若在预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标；
或，
所述参数为时延或丢包率，若在预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述处理模块1020具体用于：
所述参数为速率，若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标；
或，
所述参数为时延或丢包率，若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第一业务的目标体验参数根据历史数据统计分析法确 定或通过所述NWDAF静态配置。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述收发模块1010具体用于：
通过N5接口向所述PCF发送所述请求消息。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述处理模块1020还用于：
生成评估报告，所述评估报告包括为所述目标用户请求到所述专有QoS流前后的保障效果，和/或，所述目标用户与其它用户的体验的对比结果。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述处理模块1020还用于：
向所述UPF订阅所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述参数包括以下至少一种：速率、时延、丢包率。
当通信装置1000用于实现图4所述方法实施例中UPF的功能时，所述处理模块1020，用于监测目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数；所述收发模块1010，用于向网络数据分析功能NWDAF发送所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述处理模块1020还用于：
接受所述NWDAF向其订阅的所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述参数包括以下至少一种：速率、时延、丢包率。
当通信装置1000用于实现图7所述方法实施例中UPF的功能时，所述收发模块1010，用于接收会话管理功能SMF发送的第一消息，所述第一消息包括目标用户的第一业务、所述第一业务的目标体验参数、判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标的方法；所述处理模块1020根据所述第一消息和所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标；所述收发模块1010，还用于在确定所述目标用户的实际体验未达标时，向所述SMF发送第一通知消息，所述第一通知消息用于通知所述SMF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述通知消息包括以下至少一种：
所述目标用户的用户标识ID、所述目标用户的互联网协议IP地址、所述第一业务的类型、所述第一业务的业务流IP五元组。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述处理模块1020具体用于：
所述参数为速率，若在预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标；
或，
所述参数为时延或丢包率，若在预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在所述预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述处理模块1020具体用于：
所述参数为速率，若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务 的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标；
或，
所述参数为时延或丢包率，若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述收发模块1010具体用于：
向所述SMF发送PFCP会话报告请求，所述PFCP会话报告请求包括所述第一通知消息。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述参数包括以下至少一种：速率、时延、丢包率。
当通信装置1000用于实现图7所述方法实施例中SMF的功能时，所述收发模块1010，用于接收策略控制功能PCF发送的第一消息，所述第一消息包括目标用户的第一业务、所述第一业务的目标体验参数、判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标的方法；向UPF发送所述第一消息；接收所述UPF发送的第一通知消息，所述第一通知消息用于通知所述SMF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；向PCF发送第二通知消息，所述第二通知消息用于通知所述PCF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述收发模块1010具体用于：
向所述UPF发送PFCP会话创建请求，所述PFCP会话创建请求包括所述第一消息。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述收发模块1010具体用于：
向所述PCF发送会话管理策略控制更新请求，所述会话管理策略控制更新请求包括所述第二通知消息。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述参数包括以下至少一种：速率、时延、丢包率。
当通信装置1000用于实现图7所述方法实施例中PCF的功能时，所述处理模块1020，用于确定第一消息，所述第一消息包括目标用户的第一业务、所述第一业务的目标体验参数、判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标的方法；所述收发模块1010，用于向会话管理功能SMF发送所述第一消息；接收所述SMF发送的第二通知消息，所述第二通知消息用于通知所述PCF所述目标用的实际体验未达标；根据所述第二通知消息和调整策略向所述SMF发送请求参数信息，所述请求参数信息用于为所述目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述请求参数信息包括以下至少一种：
所述目标用户的用户标识ID、所述目标用户的互联网协议IP地址、所述第一业务的类型、所述第一业务的业务流IP五元组、保障所述第一业务的保证比特速率GBR、最大比特速率MBR、5G服务质量指示符5QI。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述收发模块1010具体用于：
响应于接收所述SMF发送的协议数据单元PDU会话建立请求，所述PCF向所述SMF发送会话管理策略控制创建响应消息，所述会话管理策略控制创建响应消息包括所述第一消息。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第一业务的目标体验参数通过所述PCF静态配置。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述收发模块1010具体用于：
根据所述第二通知消息和所述调整策略向所述SMF发送会话管理策略控制更新响应，所述会话管理策略控制更新响应包括所述请求参数信息。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述参数包括以下至少一种：速率、时延、丢包率。
当通信装置1000用于实现图11该方法实施例中NWDAF的功能时，收发模块1010，用于接收来自用户平面功能UPF的第二消息，该第二消息用于指示该目标用户的第一业务的体验未达标，该第二消息包括该目标用户的用户标识ID和该第一业务的业务流；当处理模块1020确定该目标用户满足第一条件时，该收发模块1010还用于向策略控制功能PCF发送请求消息，该请求消息用于为该目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该第一条件包括以下至少一项：该目标用户所属小区的无线资源使用率小于或等于第一阈值；该目标用户的信号质量大于或等于第二阈值；该目标用户的签约信息中的保障次数小于或等于第三阈值；该目标用户所属小区专有服务质量QoS流的数量小于或等于第四阈值。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该请求消息包括该目标用户的互联网协议IP地址和最大比特速率。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该请求消息包括以下至少一种：该目标用户的用户标识ID、该第一业务的类型、该第一业务的业务流、保障该第一业务的保证比特速率GBR。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该收发模块1010通过N5接口向该PCF发送该请求消息。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该处理模块1020生成评估报告，该评估报告包括为该目标用户请求到该专有QoS流前后的保障效果，和/或，该目标用户与其它用户的体验的对比结果。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该收发模块1010向该目标用户发送该评估报告。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该收发模块1010向该UPF发送该目标用户的第一业务的质量基线，该第一业务的质量基线用于确定该目标用户的体验是否达标。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该收发模块1010向该UPF发送该第一业务的类型和该目标用户的预定义规则名称，该预定义规则名称用于标识该目标用户的签约套餐，该签约套餐为该第一业务的签约套餐。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该第一业务的质量基线根据历史数据统计确定，或者，通过该NWDAF静态配置。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该处理模块1020根据退出保障机制停止为该目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该处理模块1020根据退出保障机制停止为该目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流，包括：
当该收发模块1010通过N5接口接收到第三消息时，该处理模块1020停止为该目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流，和/或，
当该收发模块1010确定保障时长达到第五阈值时，该处理模块1020停止为该目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流，和/或，
当该收发模块1010确定该目标用户的所属小区的拥塞状态变化时，该处理模块1020停止为该目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该第二消息还包括该第一业务的类型和/或该第一业务的 劣化级别。
当通信装置1000用于实现图11该方法实施例中UPF的功能时，该收发模块1010接收来自网络数据分析功能NWDAF的目标用户的第一业务的质量基准；当该第一业务的体验参数未满足该第一业务的质量基准时，该收发模块1010向网络数据分析功能NWDAF发送第二消息，该第二消息用于指示该目标用户的体验未达标，该第二消息包括该目标用户的用户标识ID和该第一业务的业务流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该收发模块1010接收来自该NWDAF的该第一业务的类型和该目标用户的预定义规则名称，该预定义规则名称用于标识该目标用户的签约套餐，该签约套餐为该第一业务的签约套餐。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该第二消息还包括：该第一业务的类型和/或该第一业务的劣化级别。
可选地，在一些实施例中，当该第一业务的体验参数未满足该第一业务的质量基准时，该收发模块1010向网络数据分析功能NWDAF发送第二消息，包括以下一项或多项：
该体验参数为速率，若在多个周期内该第一业务的体验参数小于或等于该第一业务的质量基准，该处理单元1020确定该目标用户的体验未达标，
该体验参数为时延，若在多个周期内该第一业务的体验参数大于或等于该第一业务的质量基准，该处理单元1020确定该目标用户的体验未达标，
或，
该体验参数为丢包率，若在多个周期内该第一业务的体验参数大于或等于该第一业务的质量基准，该处理单元1020确定该目标用户的体验未达标。
可选地，在一些实施例中，当该第一业务的体验参数未满足该第一业务的质量基准时，该收发模块1010向网络数据分析功能NWDAF发送第二消息，包括以下一项或多项：
该体验参数为速率，若在预设时长内的未满足该质量基准的时长占比大于或等于第六阈值时，该第一业务的体验参数小于或等于该第一业务的质量基准，该处理单元1020确定该目标用户的体验未达标，
该体验参数为时延，若在预设时长内的未满足该质量基准的时长占比大于或等于第七阈值时，该第一业务的体验参数大于或等于该第一业务的质量基准，该处理单元1020确定该目标用户的体验未达标，
或，
该体验参数为丢包率，若在预设时长内的未满足该质量基准的时长占比大于或等于第八阈值时，该第一业务的体验参数大于或等于该第一业务的质量基准，该处理单元1020确定该目标用户的体验未达标。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该速率包括上行速率和/或下行速率。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该时延包括上行时延和/或下行时延。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该第一业务的质量基准时根据历史数据统计确定，或者，通过该NWDAF静态配置。
如图9所示，通信装置900包括处理器910和接口电路920。处理器910和接口电路920之间相互耦合。可以理解的是，接口电路920可以为收发器或输入输出接口。可选的，通信装置900还可以包括存储器930，用于存储处理器910执行的指令或存储处理器910 运行指令所需要的输入数据或存储处理器910运行指令后产生的数据。
当通信装置900用于实现上述方法实施例中的方法时，处理器910用于执行上述处理模块1020的功能，接口电路920用于执行上述收发模块1010的功能。
当上述通信装置为应用于网络设备的芯片时，该网络设备芯片实现上述方法实施例中网络设备的功能。该网络设备芯片从网络设备中的其它模块(如射频模块或天线)接收信息；或者，该网络设备芯片向网络设备中的其它模块(如射频模块或天线)发送信息。
图10是本申请实施例提供的芯片的示意性结构图。图10所示的芯片1400包括处理器1410，所述处理器1410可以从存储器中调用并运行计算机程序，以实现本申请实施例中的方法。
可选地，如图10所示，芯片1400还可以包括存储器1420。其中，所述处理器1410可以从存储器1420中调用并运行计算机程序，以执行本申请实施例中的方法300或方法800的步骤。
其中，存储器1420可以是独立于所述处理器1410的一个单独的器件，也可以集成在所述处理器1410中。
可选地，该芯片1400还可以包括输入接口1430。其中，所述处理器1410可以控制该输入接口1430与其他设备或芯片进行通信，具体地，可以获取其他设备或芯片发送的信息或数据。
可选地，该芯片1400还可以包括输出接口1440。其中，所述处理器1410可以控制该输出接口1440与其他设备或芯片进行通信，具体地，可以向其他设备或芯片输出信息或数据。
可选地，该芯片可应用于本申请实施例中的网络设备，并且该芯片可以实现本申请实施例的各个方法中由网络设备实现的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
应理解，本申请实施例提到的芯片还可以称为系统级芯片，系统芯片，芯片系统或片上系统芯片等。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，用于存储计算机程序。
可选的，该计算机可读存储介质可应用于本申请实施例中的网络设备，并且该计算机程序使得计算机执行本申请实施例的各个方法中由网络设备实现的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序指令。
可选的，该计算机程序产品可应用于本申请实施例中的网络设备，并且该计算机程序指令使得计算机执行本申请实施例的各个方法中由网络设备实现的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机程序。
可选的，该计算机程序可应用于本申请实施例中的网络设备，当该计算机程序在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行本申请实施例的各个方法中网络设备实现的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种通信系统。
可选的，该通信系统可应用于本申请实施例中的网络设备，其中包括：网络数据分析功能NWDAF，用户平面功能UPF，会话管理功能SMF，策略控制网元PCF中的一个或 多个。上述网络设备执行本申请实施例的各个方法中有网络设备实现的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
可以理解的是，本申请的实施例中的处理器可以是中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)，还可以是其它通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其它可编程逻辑器件、晶体管逻辑器件，硬件部件或者其任意组合。通用处理器可以是微处理器，也可以是任何常规的处理器。
本申请的实施例中的方法步骤可以通过硬件的方式来实现，也可以由处理器执行软件指令的方式来实现。软件指令可以由相应的软件模块组成，软件模块可以被存放于随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)、闪存、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(electrically EPROM，EEPROM)、寄存器、硬盘、移动硬盘、CD-ROM或者本领域熟知的任何其它形式的存储介质中。一种示例性的存储介质耦合至处理器，从而使处理器能够从该存储介质读取信息，且可向该存储介质写入信息。当然，存储介质也可以是处理器的组成部分。处理器和存储介质可以位于ASIC中。另外，该ASIC可以位于接入网设备或终端设备中。当然，处理器和存储介质也可以作为分立组件存在于接入网设备或终端设备中。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机程序或指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序或指令时，全部或部分地执行本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其它可编程装置。所述计算机程序或指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者通过所述计算机可读存储介质进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是集成一个或多个可用介质的服务器等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带；也可以是光介质，例如，数字多功能光盘(digital versatile disc，DVD)；还可以是半导体介质，例如，固态硬盘(solid state disk，SSD)。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和模块的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不加赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，所述模块的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个模块或组件可以结合。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口、装置或模块的间接耦合或通信连接。
在本申请的各个实施例中，如果没有特殊说明以及逻辑冲突，不同的实施例之间的术语和/或描述具有一致性、且可以相互引用，不同的实施例中的技术特征根据其内在的逻辑关系可以组合形成新的实施例。
本申请中，“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示： 单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况，其中A,B可以是单数或者复数。在本申请的文字描述中，字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系；在本申请的公式中，字符“/”，表示前后关联对象是一种“相除”的关系。
可以理解的是，在本申请的实施例中涉及的各种数字编号仅为描述方便进行的区分，并不用来限制本申请的实施例的范围。上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (53)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    网络数据分析功能NWDAF接收来自用户平面功能UPF的目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数；
    所述NWDAF根据所述第一业务的实际体验参数和所述第一业务的目标体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标；
    在确定所述目标用户的实际体验未达标时，所述NWDAF向策略控制功能PCF发送请求消息，所述请求消息用于为所述目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述请求消息包括以下至少一种：
    所述目标用户的用户标识ID、所述目标用户的互联网协议IP地址、所述第一业务的类型、所述第一业务的业务流IP五元组、保障所述第一业务的保证比特速率GBR、最大比特速率MBR。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述NWDAF根据所述第一业务的实际体验参数和所述第一业务的目标体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标，包括：
    所述参数为速率，若在预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
    若在所述预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标；
    或，
    所述参数为时延或丢包率，若在预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
    若在所述预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述NWDAF根据所述第一业务的实际体验参数和所述第一业务的目标体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标，包括：
    所述参数为速率，若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
    若在所述预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标；
    或，
    所述参数为时延或丢包率，若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
    若在所述预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述NWDAF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一业务的目标体 验参数根据历史数据统计分析法确定或通过所述NWDAF静态配置。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述NWDAF向PCF发送请求消息，包括：
    所述NWDAF通过N5接口向所述PCF发送所述请求消息。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在为所述目标用户请求到所述专有QoS流的情况下，所述方法还包括：
    所述NWDAF生成评估报告，所述评估报告包括为所述目标用户请求到所述专有QoS流前后的保障效果，和/或，所述目标用户与其它用户的体验的对比结果。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述NWDAF向所述UPF订阅所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述参数包括以下至少一种：
    速率、时延、丢包率。
  10. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    用户平面功能UPF监测目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数；
    所述UPF向网络数据分析功能NWDAF发送所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述UPF接收所述NWDAF向其订阅的所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述参数包括以下至少一种：
    速率、时延、丢包率。
  13. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    用户平面功能UPF接收来自会话管理功能SMF的第一消息，所述第一消息包括目标用户的第一业务、所述第一业务的目标体验参数、判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标的方法；
    所述UPF根据所述第一消息和所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标；
    在确定所述目标用户的实际体验未达标时，所述UPF向所述SMF发送第一通知消息，所述第一通知消息用于通知所述SMF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通知消息包括以下至少一种：
    所述目标用户的用户标识ID、所述目标用户的互联网协议IP地址、所述第一业务的类型、所述第一业务的业务流IP五元组。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述UPF根据所述第一消息和所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标，包括：
    所述参数为速率，若在预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
    若在所述预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标；
    或，
    所述参数为时延或丢包率，若在预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
    若在所述预设连续周期内所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标。
  16. 根据权利要求13或14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述UPF根据所述第一消息和所述目标用户的第一业务的实际体验参数判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标，包括：
    所述参数为速率，若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
    若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标；
    或，
    所述参数为时延或丢包率，若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数大于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
    若在预设时长内的部分时长所述第一业务的实际体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的目标体验参数，所述UPF判断所述目标用户的实际体验达标。
  17. 根据权利要求13至16中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述UPF向所述SMF发送第一通知消息，包括：
    所述UPF向所述SMF发送报文转发控制协议PFCP会话报告请求，所述PFCP会话报告请求包括所述第一通知消息。
  18. 根据权利要求13至17中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述参数包括以下至少一种：
    速率、时延、丢包率。
  19. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    会话管理功能SMF接收来自策略控制功能PCF的第一消息，所述第一消息包括目标用户的第一业务、所述第一业务的目标体验参数、判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标的方法；
    所述SMF向UPF发送所述第一消息；
    所述SMF接收所述UPF发送的第一通知消息，所述第一通知消息用于通知所述SMF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
    所述SMF向PCF发送第二通知消息，所述第二通知消息用于通知所述PCF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述SMF向UPF发送所述第一消息，包括：
    所述SMF向所述UPF发送报文转发控制协议PFCP会话创建请求，所述PFCP会话创建请求包括所述第一消息。
  21. 根据权利要求19或20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述SMF向PCF发送所述第二通知消息，包括：
    所述SMF向所述PCF发送会话管理策略控制更新请求，所述会话管理策略控制更新请求包括所述第二通知消息。
  22. 根据权利要求19至21中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述参数包括以下至少一种：
    速率、时延、丢包率。
  23. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    策略控制功能PCF确定第一消息，所述第一消息包括目标用户的第一业务、所述第一业务的目标体验参数、判断所述目标用户的实际体验是否达标的方法；
    所述PCF向会话管理功能SMF发送所述第一消息；
    所述PCF接收来自所述SMF的第二通知消息，所述第二通知消息用于通知所述PCF所述目标用户的实际体验未达标；
    所述PCF根据所述第二通知消息和调整策略向所述SMF发送请求参数信息，所述请求参数信息用于为所述目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，所述请求参数信息包括以下至少一种：
    所述目标用户的用户标识ID、所述目标用户的互联网协议IP地址、所述第一业务的类型、所述第一业务的业务流IP五元组、保障所述第一业务的保证比特速率GBR、最大比特速率MBR、5G服务质量指示符5QI。
  25. 根据权利要求23或24所述的方法，其特征在于，所述PCF向SMF发送所述第一消息，包括：
    响应于接收来自所述SMF的协议数据单元PDU会话建立请求，所述PCF向所述SMF发送会话管理策略控制创建响应消息，所述会话管理策略控制创建响应消息包括所述第一消息。
  26. 根据权利要求23至25中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一业务的目标体验参数通过所述PCF静态配置。
  27. 根据权利要求23至26中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述PCF根据所述第二通知消息和调整策略向所述SMF发送请求参数信息，包括：
    所述PCF根据所述第二通知消息和所述调整策略向所述SMF发送会话管理策略控制更新响应，所述会话管理策略控制更新响应包括所述请求参数信息。
  28. 根据权利要求23至27中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述参数包括以下至少一种：
    速率、时延、丢包率。
  29. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    网络数据分析功能NWDAF接收来自用户平面功能UPF的第二消息，所述第二消息用于指示所述目标用户的第一业务的体验未达标，所述第二消息包括所述目标用户的用户标识ID和所述第一业务的业务流；
    当所述目标用户满足第一条件时，所述NWDAF根据所述第二消息向策略控制功能PCF发送请求消息，所述请求消息用于为所述目标用户请求专有服务质量QoS流。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一条件包括以下至少一种：
    所述目标用户所属小区的无线资源使用率小于或等于第一阈值；
    所述目标用户的信号质量大于或等于第二阈值；
    所述目标用户的签约信息中的保障次数小于或等于第三阈值；
    所述目标用户所属小区专有服务质量QoS流的占用数量小于或等于第四阈值。
  31. 根据权利要求29或30所述的方法，其特征在于，所述请求消息包括所述目标用户的互联网协议IP地址和最大比特速率。
  32. 根据权利要求29至31中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述请求消息还包括以下至少一种：
    所述目标用户的用户标识ID、所述第一业务的类型、所述第一业务的业务流、保障所述第一业务的保证比特速率GBR。
  33. 根据权利要求29至32中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述NWDAF向所述PCF发送请求消息，包括：
    所述NWDAF通过N5接口向所述PCF发送所述请求消息。
  34. 根据权利要求29至33中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在为所述目标用户请求到所述专有QoS流的情况下，所述方法还包括：
    所述NWDAF生成评估报告，所述评估报告包括：为所述目标用户请求到所述专有QoS流前后的保障效果，和/或，所述目标用户与其它用户的体验的对比结果。
  35. 根据权利要求34所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述NWDAF向所述目标用户发送所述评估报告。
  36. 根据权利要求29至35中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述NWDAF向所述UPF发送所述目标用户的第一业务的质量基线，所述第一业务的质量基线用于确定所述目标用户的体验是否达标。
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述NWDAF向所述UPF发送所述第一业务的类型和所述目标用户的预定义规则名称，所述预定义规则名称用于标识所述目标用户的签约套餐，所述签约套餐为所述第一业务的签约套餐。
  38. 根据权利要求36或37所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一业务的质量基线根据历史数据统计确定，或者，通过所述NWDAF静态配置。
  39. 根据权利要求29至38中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述NWDAF根据退出保障机制停止为所述目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流。
  40. 根据权利要求39所述的方法，其特征在于，所述NWDAF根据退出保障机制停止为所述目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流，包括：
    当所述NWDAF通过N5接口接收到第三消息时，所述NWDAF停止为所述目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流，所述第三消息用于指示所述目标用户的策略控制网元PDU会话释放或者所述目标用户的第一业务的业务流结束，和/或，
    当所述NWDAF确定保障时长达到第五阈值时，所述NWDAF停止为所述目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流，和/或，
    当所述NWDAF确定所述目标用户的所属小区的拥塞状态变化时，所述NWDAF停止为所述目标用户使用专有服务质量QoS流。
  41. 根据权利要求29至40中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二消息还包括所述第一业务的类型和/或所述第一业务的劣化级别。
  42. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    用户平面功能UPF接收来自网络数据分析功能NWDAF的目标用户的第一业务的质量基准；
    当所述第一业务的体验参数未满足所述第一业务的质量基准时，所述UPF向网络数据分析功能NWDAF发送第二消息，所述第二消息用于指示所述目标用户的体验未达标，所述第二消息包括所述目标用户的用户标识ID和所述第一业务的业务流。
  43. 根据权利要求42所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述UPF接收来自所述NWDAF的所述第一业务的类型和所述目标用户的预定义规则名称，所述预定义规则名称用于标识所述目标用户的第一业务的签约套餐，所述签约套餐为所述第一业务的签约套餐。
  44. 根据权利要求42或43所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二消息还包括所述第一业务的类型和/或所述第一业务的劣化级别。
  45. 根据权利要求42至44中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述第一业务的体验参数未满足所述第一业务的质量基准时，所述UPF向网络数据分析功能NWDAF发送所述第二消息，包括以下一项或多项：
    所述体验参数为速率，若在多个周期内所述第一业务的体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的质量基准，所述UPF确定所述目标用户的体验未达标，
    所述体验参数为时延，若在多个周期内所述第一业务的体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的质量基准，所述UPF确定所述目标用户的体验未达标，
    或，
    所述体验参数为丢包率，若在多个周期内所述第一业务的体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的质量基准，所述UPF确定所述目标用户的体验未达标。
  46. 根据权利要求42至44中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述第一业务的体验参数未满足所述第一业务的质量基准时，所述UPF向网络数据分析功能NWDAF发送所述第二消息，包括以下一项或多项：
    所述体验参数为速率，若在预设时长内的未满足所述质量基准的时长占比大于或等于第六阈值时，所述第一业务的体验参数小于或等于所述第一业务的质量基准，所述UPF确定所述目标用户的体验未达标，
    所述体验参数为时延，若在预设时长内的未满足所述质量基准的时长占比大于或等于第七阈值时，所述第一业务的体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的质量基准，所述UPF确定所述目标用户的体验未达标，
    或，
    所述体验参数为丢包率，若在预设时长内的未满足所述质量基准的时长占比大于或等于第八阈值时，所述第一业务的体验参数大于或等于所述第一业务的质量基准，所述UPF确定所述目标用户的体验未达标。
  47. 根据权利要求45或46所述的方法，其特征在于，所述速率包括上行速率和/或下行速率。
  48. 根据权利要求45至47中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述时延包括上行时延和/或下行时延。
  49. 根据权利要求42至48中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一业务的质量基准时根据历史数据统计确定，或者，通过所述NWDAF静态配置。
  50. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括用于执行如权利要求1至9，或10至12，或13至18，或19至22，或23至28，或29至41，或42至49中的任一项所述方法的模块。
  51. 一种通信设备，其特征在于，包括处理器和通信接口，所述通信接口用于接收来自所述通信装置之外的其它通信装置的信号并传输至所述处理器或将来自所述处理器的信号发送给所述通信装置之外的其它通信装置，所述处理器通过逻辑电路或执行代码指令用于实现如权利要求1至9，或10至12，或13至18，或19至22，或23至28，或29至41，或42至49中任一项所述的方法。
  52. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，当所述计算机程序被运行时，实现如权利要求1至9，或10至12，或13至18，或19至22，或23至28，或29至41，或42至49中任一项所述的方法。
  53. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，所述计算机程序产品包括用于执行如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法的指令，或者，所述计算机程序产品包括用于执行如权利要求10至12中任一项所述的方法的指令，或者，所述计算机程序产品包括用于执行如权利要求13至18中任一项所述的方法的指令，或者，所述计算机程序产品包括用于执行如权利要求19至22中任一项所述的方法的指令，或者，所述计算机程序产品包括用于执行如权利要求23至28中任一项所述的方法的指令，或者，所述计算机程序产品包括用于执行如权利要求29至41中任一项所述的方法的指令，或者，所述计算机程序产品包括用于执行如权利要求42至49中任一项所述的方法的指令。
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