WO2023050630A1 - 一种农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法 - Google Patents

一种农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023050630A1
WO2023050630A1 PCT/CN2021/143536 CN2021143536W WO2023050630A1 WO 2023050630 A1 WO2023050630 A1 WO 2023050630A1 CN 2021143536 W CN2021143536 W CN 2021143536W WO 2023050630 A1 WO2023050630 A1 WO 2023050630A1
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farmland
water
parts
soil
farmland water
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PCT/CN2021/143536
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王旭
吴书华
邓娜
唐鹏
黄丹
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海南大学
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Publication of WO2023050630A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023050630A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C02F3/348—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used characterised by the way or the form in which the microorganisms are added or dosed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of ecological restoration, in particular to a treatment method for ecological restoration of farmland water pollution.
  • Soil is a precious resource for human beings. "Food is the most important thing for the people, food is based on the earth, and all things grow in the soil.” Soil provides most of the material resources needed for human survival and development. Therefore, a good soil environment is the foundation for the development and progress of human society. Important Guarantee. As people pay more and more attention to the problem of soil pollution, the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil has received special attention. Heavy metal pollutants in soil have the characteristics of high toxicity, long residence time, weak mobility, strong concealment, difficult to degrade and easy to enrich along the food chain. Soil heavy metal pollution not only affects the surrounding environment, pollutes local organisms, groundwater and the atmospheric environment, but also enters the human body through the food chain. These elements exceed a certain threshold, which will interfere with the normal metabolism of living systems and cause health hazards.
  • CN201710059352.8 is a micro-ecological restoration method for heavy metal pollution in farmland.
  • the invention applies charcoal powder and microbial mixed bacterial solution to the soil by plowing the soil before planting crops; in the middle stage of plant growth, the The microbial mixed bacterial solution and microbial mixed culture medium are applied to the surface by spraying.
  • CN201711024731.X a method for repairing As-Cd composite polluted farmland soil using a hyperaccumulator plant biochar combination system, first monitors and samples the farmland soil, determines the species and planting methods of hyperaccumulator plants, and realizes As and Cd Enrichment; then apply compound amendments based on microbial agents and chelating agents to the farmland contaminated soil to achieve passivation and chelation of As and Cd; Mix well and let it stand; that is, complete a processing cycle.
  • the above two methods only provide a method of soil improvement, and do not mention how to combine farmland water to restore the ecology. Therefore, the present invention provides a method for ecological restoration combined with farmland water.
  • the present invention proposes a treatment method for ecological restoration of farmland water pollution, which combines farmland water use with ecological restoration.
  • Drainage discharge the water in the farmland into pond A;
  • plowing the drained farmland, the plowing depth is 10-20cm;
  • Fertilization put the soil treatment agent into the farmland, the soil treatment agent includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of hydroxyapatite, 7-11 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 20-25 parts of sepiolite, 12 - 17 parts straw, 0.5-1.5 parts Citrobacter, 1-3 parts Penicillium oxalicum and 0.1-0.8 parts Klebsiella pneumoniae;
  • the first stage filter the farmland water in pond A with a filter to obtain farmland water with solid pollutants removed;
  • the second stage discharge the farmland water with solid pollutants removed into the canal, and flow into the artificial treatment pond through the canal;
  • the third stage Sprinkle the microbial preparation on the farmland water flowing into the artificial treatment pond, and let it stand for 2-3 hours to obtain the treated farmland water.
  • step (2) the water channel is planted with aquatic plants, and the aquatic plants are composed of calamus, centipede grass, bitter grass and aquatic canna.
  • the planting quantity ratio of the aquatic plants iris calamus, centipede grass, bitter grass and aquatic canna is 2:1:3:1
  • the planting density of the aquatic plants is 6000-8000g/m2.
  • the present invention conducts research based on regionality and soil in combination with metal species and water quality in farmland water.
  • the aquatic plants of the invention can absorb metal substances and organic substances in farmland water to achieve the purpose of removing metal substances and organic substances in farmland water.
  • step (2) kaolin, calcite, montmorillonite and volcanic rock are sequentially laid on the bottom of the artificially treated pond from bottom to top.
  • the mass ratio of kaolin, calcite, montmorillonite and volcanic rock is 2:1:3:5, and the laying thickness is 50-60cm.
  • the microbial preparation is composed of Sphingobacterium sphingolipides, Flavobacterium waterii, Proteus moldii and Molleri with a mass ratio of 1.5-2.5:0.5-1:2-3:0.2-0.8.
  • Mycobacteria composition is composed of Sphingobacterium sphingolipides, Flavobacterium waterii, Proteus moldii and Molleri with a mass ratio of 1.5-2.5:0.5-1:2-3:0.2-0.8.
  • Mycobacteria composition Mycobacteria composition.
  • the dosage of the microbial preparation is 30-50 g/m 3 .
  • the usage amount of the soil treatment agent is 100-200g/m2.
  • step (2) is used for soil irrigation.
  • the invention combines farmland water treatment and soil treatment to effectively repair the ecological environment polluted by farmland water.
  • the farmland water treatment method of the invention effectively removes heavy metal pollutants in the water body and reduces the nitrogen and phosphorus content in the water body.
  • Soil treatment uses soil treatment agents to absorb heavy metals in the soil and add phosphorus, potassium, calcium and other active ingredients to restore soil fertility and reduce the use of fertilizers for subsequent planting of crops.
  • the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus (TP) in farmland water in the present invention are 96.34%-98.31%, 97.89%-99.12% and 97.63%-98.96%, respectively.
  • Embodiment 1 The governance method of farmland water body water pollution ecological restoration
  • Drainage Drain the water from the farmland into pond A.
  • Fertilization put the soil treatment agent into the farmland.
  • the soil treatment agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of hydroxyapatite, 9 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 23 parts of sepiolite, 15 parts of straw, and 1 part of lemon acid bacteria, 2 parts of Penicillium oxalicum and 0.5 part of Klebsiella pneumoniae, the amount of soil treatment agent used is 150g/m2.
  • the first stage filter the farmland water in pond A with a filter to obtain farmland water with solid pollutants removed;
  • the second stage discharge the farmland water that removes solid pollutants into the canal, and flow into the artificial treatment pond through the canal.
  • Aquatic plants are planted in the canal, and the planting ratio of yellow calamus, centipede grass, bitter grass and aquatic canna is 2:1 :3:1, the planting density is 7000g/m2, and the artificial treatment pond is paved with kaolin, calcite, montmorillonite and volcanic rock with a mass ratio of 2:1:3:5 from bottom to top, and the paving thickness is 60cm.
  • the third stage the farmland sewage flowing into the artificial treatment pond is splashed with microbial preparations, and the microbial preparations are composed of Sphingobacterium, Flavobacterium waterii, Proteus moldii and Molleri with a mass ratio of 2:0.8:2.5:0.5. Composed of nematodes, the dosage is 40g/m 3 , and left to stand for 2.5 hours to obtain treated farmland water.
  • Embodiment 2 The governance method of farmland water body water pollution ecological restoration
  • Drainage Drain the water from the farmland into pond A.
  • the soil treatment agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of hydroxyapatite, 7 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of sepiolite, 12-1 parts of straw, 0.5 1 part of Citrobacter, 1 part of Penicillium oxalicum and 0.1 part of Klebsiella pneumoniae, the amount of soil treatment agent is 100g/m2.
  • the first stage filter the farmland water in pond A with a filter to obtain farmland water with solid pollutants removed;
  • the second stage discharge the farmland water that removes solid pollutants into the canal, and flow into the artificial treatment pond through the canal.
  • Aquatic plants are planted in the canal, and the planting ratio of yellow calamus, centipede grass, bitter grass and aquatic canna is 2:1 :3:1, the planting density is 6000g/m2, and the artificial treatment pond is paved with kaolin, calcite, montmorillonite and volcanic rock with a mass ratio of 2:1:3:5 from bottom to top, and the paving thickness is 60cm.
  • the third stage the farmland sewage flowing into the artificial treatment pond is splashed with microbial preparations, and the microbial preparations are composed of Sphingobacterium, Flavobacterium waterii, Proteus molleri and Mollini with a mass ratio of 1.5:0.5:2:0.2. Composed of nematodes, the dosage is 50g/m 3 , and it is left to stand for 2 hours to obtain treated farmland water.
  • Embodiment 3 The governance method of farmland water body water pollution ecological restoration
  • Drainage Drain the water from the farmland into pond A.
  • Fertilization Put the soil treatment agent into the farmland.
  • the soil treatment agent consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of hydroxyapatite, 11 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 25 parts of sepiolite, 17 parts of straw, 1.5 parts of Citrobacter, 3 parts of Penicillium oxalicum and 0.8 parts of Klebsiella pneumoniae, the amount of soil treatment agent used is 200g/m2.
  • the first stage the farmland water in the pond A is filtered with a filter to obtain the farmland water from which solid pollutants have been removed.
  • the second stage discharge the farmland water that removes solid pollutants into the canal, and flow into the artificial treatment pond through the canal.
  • Aquatic plants are planted in the canal, and the planting ratio of yellow calamus, centipede grass, bitter grass and aquatic canna is 2:1 :3:1, the planting density is 8000g/m2, and the artificial treatment pond is paved with kaolin, calcite, montmorillonite and volcanic rock with a mass ratio of 2:1:3:5 from bottom to top, and the paving thickness is 60cm.
  • the third stage the farmland sewage flowing into the artificial treatment pond is splashed with microbial preparations, and the microbial preparations are composed of Sphingobacterium, Flavobacterium waterii, Proteus moldii and Mollini with a mass ratio of 2.5:1:3:0.8. Composed of nematodes, the dosage is 30g/m 3 , and it is left to stand for 3 hours to obtain treated farmland water.
  • Embodiment 4 The governance method of farmland water body water pollution ecological restoration
  • Drainage Drain the water from the farmland into pond A.
  • Fertilization Put the soil treatment agent into the farmland.
  • the soil treatment agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of hydroxyapatite, 11 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of sepiolite, 12 parts of straw, 0.5 part of lemon acid bacilli, 3 parts of Penicillium oxalicum and 0.6 parts of Klebsiella pneumoniae, the amount of soil treatment agent used was 180g/m2.
  • the first stage filter the farmland water in pond A with a filter to obtain farmland water with solid pollutants removed;
  • the second stage discharge the farmland water that removes solid pollutants into the canal, and flow into the artificial treatment pond through the canal.
  • Aquatic plants are planted in the canal, and the planting ratio of yellow calamus, centipede grass, bitter grass and aquatic canna is 2:1 :3:1, the planting density is 7500g/m2, and the artificial treatment pond is paved with kaolin, calcite, montmorillonite and volcanic rock with a mass ratio of 2:1:3:5 from bottom to top, and the paving thickness is 60cm.
  • the third stage the farmland sewage flowing into the artificial treatment pond is splashed with microbial preparations, and the microbial preparations are composed of Sphingobacterium, Flavobacterium waterii, Proteus molleri and Molleri with a mass ratio of 2.1:0.6:1.4:0.8. Composed of nematodes, the dosage is 50g/m 3 , and it is left to stand for 3 hours to obtain treated farmland water.
  • Embodiment 5 The governance method of farmland water body water pollution ecological restoration
  • Drainage Drain the water from the farmland into pond A.
  • Fertilization put the soil treatment agent into the farmland, the soil treatment agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of hydroxyapatite, 7 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 22 parts of sepiolite, 17 parts of straw, 0.7 part of lemon acid bacilli, 2.7 parts of Penicillium oxalicum and 0.6 parts of Klebsiella pneumoniae, the amount of soil treatment agent used was 160g/m2.
  • the first stage filter the farmland water in pond A with a filter to obtain farmland water with solid pollutants removed;
  • the second stage discharge the farmland water that removes solid pollutants into the canal, and flow into the artificial treatment pond through the canal.
  • Aquatic plants are planted in the canal, and the planting ratio of yellow calamus, centipede grass, bitter grass and aquatic canna is 2:1 :3:1, the planting density is 8000g/m2, and the artificial treatment pond is paved with kaolin, calcite, montmorillonite and volcanic rock with a mass ratio of 2:1:3:5 from bottom to top, and the paving thickness is 60cm.
  • the third stage the farmland sewage flowing into the artificial treatment pond is splashed with microbial preparations, and the microbial preparations are composed of Sphingobacterium, Flavobacterium waterii, Proteus molleri and Mollini with a mass ratio of 1.5:1:3:0.2. Composed of nematodes, the dosage is 40g/m 3 , and left to stand for 2.5 hours to obtain treated farmland water.
  • the artificial treatment pond is laid successively from bottom to top with a mass ratio of 1:1:1: 1 of montmorillonite, volcanic rock, kaolin and calcite.
  • the type of microbial preparation is adjusted, specifically: the microbial preparation is composed of Thiobacillus defat, Flavobacterium polyphagus, Proteus moldii and swimming bacteria with a mass ratio of 2:0.8:2.5:0.5. Composition of actinomycetes.
  • the raw material ratio of the soil treatment agent is adjusted, specifically: the soil treatment agent is made up of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of hydroxyapatite, 5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 18 parts of seawater Paolite, 20 parts straw, 2 parts Citrobacter, 2 parts Penicillium oxalicum and 2 parts Klebsiella pneumoniae.
  • the raw materials of the soil treatment agent were adjusted, specifically: 8 parts of hydroxyapatite, 9 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 23 parts of bentonite, 15 parts of straw, 1 part of Citrobacter, 2 parts of Penicillium oxalicum and 0.5 parts of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
  • Example 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were used to detect farmland water use, and the test site was Nanlu Farm, Tunchang County, Hainan province. Detect the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus (TP) in farmland water after treatment.
  • COD chemical oxygen demand
  • TP total phosphorus
  • Removal rate initial mass concentration of farmland water pollutants (COD, ammonia nitrogen, TP) - mass concentration of farmland water pollutants (COD, ammonia nitrogen, TP) after treatment / farmland water pollutants (COD, ammonia nitrogen, TP) initial mass concentration ⁇ 100%
  • Comparative Example 1 adjusts the planting ratio of aquatic plants.
  • the planting species, planting ratio and planting density of aquatic plants in the present invention are selected and planted in conjunction with various factors such as geographical climate, environment, soil properties and water quality in Hainan province. Factors such as photosynthesis of aquatic plants, root exudates, and plant absorption affect the effect of aquatic plants on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland water.
  • changing the planting ratio of aquatic plants leads to poor photosynthetic effect, and the plants themselves need to grow.
  • the distribution of nutrient absorption sources is uneven, and the four aquatic plants produce antagonistic effects, which further affects the governance effect of farmland water use.
  • Comparative example 2 adjusts the mass ratio and laying sequence of kaolin, calcite, montmorillonite and volcanic rock, resulting in a decline in the treatment effect, which is due to the different surface areas, porosity and compositional elements of different materials.
  • laying kaolin, calcite, montmorillonite and volcanic rock not only has the adsorption effect, but also increases the oxygen content in the water body, promotes the reaction rate of microbial preparations in water, and shortens the treatment time.
  • Comparative example 3 adjusts the kind of microbial preparation, and different microorganisms have obvious difference to the reaction effect of water body, and the microorganism kind and proportioning that select for use in the present invention are to combine factors such as water quality, aquatic plants and artificial pond laying. In the present invention, less microbial preparations are used to achieve good treatment effect and shorten the treatment time.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法，农田用水治理和土壤修复相结合，改善农田用水水循环，从农田用水源头和灌溉过程减少农田水体对生态环境的破坏。土壤治理通过施加土壤处理剂，吸附土壤中的重金属成分，并磷、钾、钙等有效成分，恢复土壤肥力，减少后续种植农作物的肥料使用。本发明中农田用水中化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮、总磷量(TP)的去除率分别为96.34％-98.31％、97.89％-99.12％和97.63％-98.96％。

Description

一种农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及生态修复领域，特别涉及一种农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法。
背景技术
土壤是人类宝贵的资源，“民以食为天，食以地为本，万物土中生”，土壤提供人类生存发展所需要的大部分物质资源，故良好的土壤环境是人类社会发展进步的重要保障。随着人们对土壤污染问题日渐重视，重金属污染土壤修复问题受到人们格外的关注。土壤中重金属污染物具有毒性大，滞留时间久，迁移性弱，隐蔽性强，难以降解且易沿食物链富集等特点。土壤重金属污染不仅对周围环境产生影响，污染当地生物、地下水和大气环境，还会经食物链进入人体，这些元素超过一定的阈值，会干扰生命系统的正常新陈代谢，对健康产生危害。
目前通过物理修复法、化学淋洗技术、生物修复方法和农艺措施调控等方式修复农田重金属污染土壤。例如，CN201710059352.8一种农田重金属污染的微生态修复方法，该发明通过在种植农作物前，随着土壤翻耕，将木炭粉、微生物混合菌液施入土壤中；在植物生长的中期，将微生物混合菌液和微生物混合培养基，通过喷淋的形式，施入地表。CN201711024731.X，利用超富集植物生物质炭组合系统修复As-Cd复合污染农田土壤的方法，先对农田土壤监测、取样，确定超富集植物的品种以及种植方式，实现对As和Cd的富集；然后对农田污染土壤施加以微生物菌剂、螯合剂为主的复合改良剂，实现对As和Cd钝化与螯合；然后再在农田土壤表面施用生物质炭基修复剂，翻土混匀，静置；即完成一个处理周期。上述两种方法只是提供一种土壤改良方式，并未提及如何结合农田用水进行修复生态的方法。因此，本发明提供一种结合农田用水进行生态修复的方法。
发明内容
鉴于此，本发明提出一种农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法，将农田用水和生态修复相结合。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
包括以下步骤：
(1)土壤修复
排水：将农田中的水排放至池塘A中；
翻耕：将排水后的农田进行翻耕，翻耕深度为10-20cm；
施肥：将土壤处理剂投放至农田中，所述土壤处理剂包括以下重量份原料组成：5-10份羟基磷灰石、7-11份磷酸二氢钙、20-25份海泡石、12-17份秸秆、0.5-1.5份柠檬酸杆菌、1-3份草酸青霉菌和0.1-0.8份肺炎克雷伯氏菌；
(2)水体治理
第一阶段：将池塘A中的农田用水使用过滤网过滤，得到去除固体污染物的农田用水；
第二阶段：将去除固体污染物的农田用水排放到水渠中，通过水渠流入人工处理池塘；
第三阶段：将流入人工处理池塘的农田用水，泼洒微生物制剂，静置2-3h，制得处理后的农田用水。
进一步的，步骤(2)中，所述水渠种植水生植物，所述水生植物由黄菖蒲、蜈蚣草、苦草和水生美人蕉组成。
再进一步的，所述水生植物黄菖蒲、蜈蚣草、苦草和水生美人蕉种植数量比例为2:1:3:1，所述水生植物种植密度为6000-8000g/㎡。本发明根据地域性及土壤结合农田用水中金属种类和水质进行研究，本发明的水生植物能够吸收农田用水中的金属物质和有机物质，达到去除农田用水中的金属物质和有机物质的目的。
进一步的，步骤(2)中，所述人工处理池塘池底从下到上依次铺设高岭土、方解石、蒙脱土和火山石。
再进一步的，所述高岭土、方解石、蒙脱土和火山石质量比为2:1:3:5，铺设厚度为50-60cm。
进一步的，步骤(2)中，所述微生物制剂由质量比为1.5-2.5:0.5-1:2-3：0.2-0.8的鞘脂杆菌、水氏黄杆菌、摩氏变形菌和游动放线菌组成。
再进一步，所述微生物制剂的投放量为30-50g/m 3。
进一步的，步骤(1)中，所述土壤处理剂的使用量为100-200g/㎡。
进一步的，将步骤(2)处理过的农田用水用于土壤灌溉。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明将农田用水治理和土壤治理相结合，有效修复农田水污染生态环境。本发明中农田用水治理方法有效去除水体中的重金属污染物和降低水体中氮、磷的含量。土壤治理通过施加土壤处理剂，吸附土壤中的重金属成分，并磷、钾、钙等有效成分，恢复土壤肥力，减少后续种植农作物的肥料使用。本发明中农田用水中化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮、总磷量(TP)的去除率分别为96.34％-98.31％、97.89％-99.12％和97.63％-98.96％。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容，下面提供具体实施例，对本发明做进一步的说明。
本发明实施例所用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
本发明实施例所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法
(1)土壤修复
排水：将农田中的水排放至池塘A中。
翻耕：将排水后的农田进行翻耕，翻耕深度为10-20cm。
施肥：将土壤处理剂投放至农田中，所述土壤处理剂由以下重量份原料组成：8份羟基磷灰石、9份磷酸二氢钙、23份海泡石、15份秸秆、1份柠檬酸杆菌、2份草酸青霉菌和0.5份肺炎克雷伯氏菌，土壤处理剂的使用量为150g/㎡。
(2)水体治理
第一阶段：将池塘A中的农田用水使用过滤网过滤，得到去除固体污染物的农田用水；
第二阶段：将去除固体污染物的农田用水排放到水渠中，通过水渠流入人工处理池塘，所述水渠中种植水生植物，黄菖蒲、蜈蚣草、苦草和水生美人蕉种植数量比例为2:1:3:1，种植密度为7000g/㎡，所述人工处理池塘从下到上依次铺设质量比为2:1:3:5的高岭土、方解石、蒙脱土和火山石，铺设厚度为60cm。
第三阶段：将流入人工处理池塘的农田污水，泼洒微生物制剂，所述微生物制剂由质量比为2:0.8:2.5：0.5的鞘脂杆菌、水氏黄杆菌、摩氏变形菌和游动放线菌组成，投放量为40g/m 3，静置2.5h，制得处理后的农田用水。
实施例2农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法
(1)土壤修复
排水：将农田中的水排放至池塘A中。
翻耕：将排水后的农田进行翻耕，翻耕深度为10-20cm。
施肥：将土壤处理剂投放至农田中，所述土壤处理剂由以下重量份原料组成：5份羟基磷灰石、7份磷酸二氢钙、20份海泡石、12-1份秸秆、0.5份柠檬酸杆菌、1份草酸青霉菌和0.1份肺炎克雷伯氏菌，土壤处理剂的使用量为100g/㎡。
(2)水体治理
第一阶段：将池塘A中的农田用水使用过滤网过滤，得到去除固体污染物的农田用水；
第二阶段：将去除固体污染物的农田用水排放到水渠中，通过水渠流入人工处理池塘，所述水渠中种植水生植物，黄菖蒲、蜈蚣草、苦草和水生美人蕉种植数量比例为2:1:3:1，种植密度为6000g/㎡，所述人工处理池塘从下到上依次铺设质量比为2:1:3:5的高岭土、方解石、蒙脱土和火山石，铺设厚度为60cm。
第三阶段：将流入人工处理池塘的农田污水，泼洒微生物制剂，所述微生物制剂由质量比为1.5:0.5:2：0.2的鞘脂杆菌、水氏黄杆菌、摩氏变形菌和游动放线菌组成，投放量为50g/m 3，静置2h，制得处理后的农田用水。
实施例3农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法
(1)土壤修复
排水：将农田中的水排放至池塘A中。
翻耕：将排水后的农田进行翻耕，翻耕深度为10-20cm。
施肥：将土壤处理剂投放至农田中，所述土壤处理剂由以下重量份原料组成5-10份羟基磷灰石、11份磷酸二氢钙、25份海泡石、17份秸秆、1.5份柠檬酸杆菌、3份草酸青霉菌和0.8份肺炎克雷伯氏菌，土壤处理剂的使用量为200g/㎡。
(2)水体治理
第一阶段：将池塘A中的农田用水使用过滤网过滤，得到去除固体污染物的农田用水。
第二阶段：将去除固体污染物的农田用水排放到水渠中，通过水渠流入人工处理池塘，所述水渠中种植水生植物，黄菖蒲、蜈蚣草、苦草和水生美人蕉种植数量比例为2:1:3:1，种植密度为8000g/㎡，所述人工处理池塘从下到上依次铺设质量比为2:1:3:5的高岭土、方解石、蒙脱土和火山石，铺设厚度为60cm。
第三阶段：将流入人工处理池塘的农田污水，泼洒微生物制剂，所述微生物制剂由质量比为2.5:1:3:0.8的鞘脂杆菌、水氏黄杆菌、摩氏变形菌和游动放线菌组成，投放量为30g/m 3，静置3h，制得处理后的农田用水。
实施例4农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法
(1)土壤修复
排水：将农田中的水排放至池塘A中。
翻耕：将排水后的农田进行翻耕，翻耕深度为10-20cm。
施肥：将土壤处理剂投放至农田中，所述土壤处理剂由以下重量份原料组成：5份羟基磷灰石、11份磷酸二氢钙、20份海泡石、12份秸秆、0.5份柠檬酸杆菌、3份草酸青霉菌和0.6份肺炎克雷伯氏菌，土壤处理剂的使用量为180g/㎡。
(2)水体治理
第一阶段：将池塘A中的农田用水使用过滤网过滤，得到去除固体污染物的农田用水；
第二阶段：将去除固体污染物的农田用水排放到水渠中，通过水渠流入人工处理池塘，所述水渠中种植水生植物，黄菖蒲、蜈蚣草、苦草和水生美人蕉种植数量比例为2:1:3:1，种植密度为7500g/㎡，所述人工处理池塘从下到上依次铺设质量比为2:1:3:5的高岭土、方解石、蒙脱土和火山石，铺设厚度为60cm。
第三阶段：将流入人工处理池塘的农田污水，泼洒微生物制剂，所述微生物制剂由质量比为2.1:0.6:1.4:0.8的鞘脂杆菌、水氏黄杆菌、摩氏变形菌和游动放线菌组成，投放量为50g/m 3，静置3h，制得处理后的农田用水。
实施例5农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法
(1)土壤修复
排水：将农田中的水排放至池塘A中。
翻耕：将排水后的农田进行翻耕，翻耕深度为10-20cm。
施肥：将土壤处理剂投放至农田中，所述土壤处理剂由以下重量份原料组成：7份羟基磷灰石、7份磷酸二氢钙、22份海泡石、17份秸秆、0.7份柠檬酸杆菌、2.7份草酸青霉菌和0.6份肺炎克雷伯氏菌，土壤处理剂的使用量为160g/㎡。
(2)水体治理
第一阶段：将池塘A中的农田用水使用过滤网过滤，得到去除固体污染物的农田用水；
第二阶段：将去除固体污染物的农田用水排放到水渠中，通过水渠流入人工处理池塘，所述水渠中种植水生植物，黄菖蒲、蜈蚣草、苦草和水生美人蕉种植数量比例为2:1:3:1，种植密度为8000g/㎡，所述人工处理池塘从下到上依次铺设质量比为2:1:3:5的高岭土、方解石、蒙脱土和火山石，铺设厚度为60cm。
第三阶段：将流入人工处理池塘的农田污水，泼洒微生物制剂，所述微生物制剂由质量比为1.5:1:3:0.2的鞘脂杆菌、水氏黄杆菌、摩氏变形菌和游动放线菌组成，投放量为40g/m 3，静置2.5h，制得处理后的农田用水。
对比例1
在实施例1的水体治理的基础上，调整黄菖蒲、蜈蚣草、苦草和水生美人蕉种植比例，具体为：黄菖蒲、蜈蚣草、苦草和水生美人蕉种植数量比例为1:1:1:1。
对比例2
在实施例1的水体治理的基础上，调整高岭土、方解石、蒙脱土和火山石的质量比和铺设顺序，具体为：人工处理池塘从下到上依次铺设质量比为1:1:1:1的蒙脱土、火山石、高岭土和方解石。
对比例3
在实施例1的水体治理的基础上，调整微生物制剂的种类，具体为：微生物制剂由质量比为2:0.8:2.5：0.5的脱脂硫杆菌、多食黄杆菌、摩氏变形菌和游动放线菌组成。
对比例4
在实施例1的土壤修复的基础上，调整土壤处理剂的原料配比，具体为：土壤处理剂由以下重量份原料组成：12份羟基磷灰石、5份磷酸二氢钙、18份海泡石、20份秸秆、2份柠檬酸杆菌、2份草酸青霉菌和2份肺炎克雷伯氏菌。
对比例5
在实施例1的土壤修复的基础上，调整土壤处理剂的原料，具体为：8份羟基磷灰石、9磷酸二氢钾、23份膨润土、15份秸秆、1份柠檬酸杆菌、2份草酸青霉菌和0.5份肺炎克雷伯氏菌。
试验例1
使用实施例1-5和对比例1-3的水体治理方法对农田用水进行检测，试验地点为海南省屯昌县南吕农场。检测经过治理后农田用水中化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮、总磷量(TP)的去除率。检测分析方法参照国家环境保护总局颁布的《水和废水监测分析方法》(第四版)。
去除率＝农田用水污染物(COD、氨氮、TP)初始质量浓度-农田用水污染物(COD、氨氮、TP)处理后的质量浓度/农田用水污染物(COD、氨氮、TP)初始质量浓度×100％
名称 COD(％) 氨氮(％) TP(％)
实施例1 98.31 99.06 98.96
实施例2 97.66 98.41 98.55
实施例3 97.52 98.62 97.89
实施例4 98.03 99.12 97.63
实施例5 96.34 97.89 98.88
对比例1 90.36 91.31 95.12
对比例2 92.61 88.35 92.91
对比例3 88.31 93.61 90.31
实验结果表明本发明的农田用水治理方法有效降低COD、氨氮、TP含量，实现从农田用水解决生态污染的问题。对比例1调整水生植物的种植比例，本发明中水生植物的种植种类、种植比例和种植密度是结合海南省的地理气候、环境、土壤性质和水质等多种因素进行选择种植的。水生植物的光合作用、根系分泌物和植物的吸收等因素影响水生植物对农田用水中的氮磷去除的效果，对比例1改变水生植物的种植比例导致光合作用效果变差、植物自身生长所需的营养吸收来源分配不均，四种水生植物产生拮抗作用，进一步影响农田用水的治理效果。
对比例2调整高岭土、方解石、蒙脱土和火山石的质量比和铺设顺序，导致治理效果下降，这是由于不同的材料具有不同的表面积、孔隙率和组成元素。本发明中铺设高岭土、方解石、蒙脱土和火山石不仅具有吸附效果，而且还增加水体中氧气含量，促进微生物制剂在水中的反应速率，缩短处理时间。对比例3调整微生物制剂的种类，不同的微生物对水体的反应效果具有明显的差别，本发明中选用的微生物种类和配比是结合水质、水生植物和人工池塘铺设等因素。本发明中使用较少的微生物制剂，达到很好的处理效果以及缩短处理时间。
试验例2
使用实施例1-5和对比例4-5的土壤治理方法进行试验，检测治理后土壤pH值、铅、铜含量检测，铅和铜的含量检测方法参照GB15618-2018，采用电位法检测土壤pH值。
名称 pH 铅(mg/kg) 铜(mg/kg)
实施例1 6.5 33.6 50.6
实施例2 6.7 35.1 53.4
实施例3 6.3 34.2 52.6
实施例4 6.8 32.8 55.0
实施例5 6.4 36.9 56.4
对比例4 5.9 58.4 79.1
对比例5 6.2 52.3 75.3
实验结果表明，本发明的土壤修复方法可以有效调节土壤的pH值，降低土壤中的铅和铜的含量。对比例4-5分别调整土壤处理剂的原料用量和组成导致修复效果下降，本发明中原料的配比和选择经过复配能够起到协同作用，微生物的合理添加，提高土壤中的重金属的解析速率，有利于其他原料进行重金属沉淀、吸附，达到修复农田生态的目的。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)土壤修复
    排水：将农田中的水排放至池塘A中；
    翻耕：将排水后的农田进行翻耕，翻耕深度为10-20cm；
    施肥：将土壤处理剂投放至农田中，所述土壤处理剂包括以下重量份原料组成：5-10份羟基磷灰石、7-11份磷酸二氢钙、20-25份海泡石、12-17份秸秆、0.5-1.5份柠檬酸杆菌、1-3份草酸青霉菌和0.1-0.8份肺炎克雷伯氏菌；
    (2)水体治理
    第一阶段：将池塘A中的农田用水使用过滤网过滤，得到去除固体污染物的农田用水；
    第二阶段：将去除固体污染物的农田用水排放到水渠中，通过水渠流入人工处理池塘；
    第三阶段：将流入人工处理池塘的农田用水，泼洒微生物制剂，静置2-3h，制得处理后的农田用水。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中，所述水渠种植水生植物，所述水生植物由黄菖蒲、蜈蚣草、苦草和水生美人蕉组成。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法，其特征在于，所述黄菖蒲、蜈蚣草、苦草和水生美人蕉种植数量比例为2:1:3:1，所述水生植物种植密度为6000-8000g/㎡。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中，所述人工处理池塘池底从下到上依次铺设高岭土、方解石、蒙脱土和火山石。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法，其特征在于，所述高岭土、方解石、蒙脱土和火山石质量比为2:1:3:5，铺设厚度为50-60cm。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中，所述微生物制剂由质量比为1.5-2.5:0.5-1:2-3：0.2-0.8的鞘脂杆菌、水氏黄杆菌、摩氏变形菌和游动放线菌组成。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法，其特征在于，所述微生物制剂的投放量为30-50g/m 3。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的农田水体水污染生态修复的治理方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，所述土壤处理剂的使用量为100-200g/㎡。
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