WO2023050509A1 - Q235b steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method - Google Patents

Q235b steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method Download PDF

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WO2023050509A1
WO2023050509A1 PCT/CN2021/126667 CN2021126667W WO2023050509A1 WO 2023050509 A1 WO2023050509 A1 WO 2023050509A1 CN 2021126667 W CN2021126667 W CN 2021126667W WO 2023050509 A1 WO2023050509 A1 WO 2023050509A1
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slag
steel
current
stainless steel
electrode
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PCT/CN2021/126667
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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周峰
吴开明
周庆
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材谷金带(佛山)金属复合材料有限公司
佛山职业技术学院
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Publication of WO2023050509A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023050509A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/02—Casting compound ingots of two or more different metals in the molten state, i.e. integrally cast
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
    • B22D23/10—Electroslag casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of metal-based composite materials, in particular to a Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method.
  • Layered metal composite material is a new type of material prepared by using composite technology to make two or more metals with different physical, chemical and mechanical properties realize firm metallurgical bonding at the interface.
  • bimetallic composites Due to its unique properties, bimetallic composites have attracted more and more attention, especially in the fields of aviation, aerospace, national defense, transportation, electronics and communications.
  • Stainless steel laminate is the most widely used type of metal laminate. It uses corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant, wear-resistant stainless steel as the cladding, and carbon steel or low alloy with relatively high strength and good plasticity and toughness. Steel is used as the base layer, so stainless steel laminates are widely used in industrial production because of their good formability, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Stainless steel laminates can be divided into austenitic stainless steel laminates, ferritic stainless steel laminates, duplex stainless steel laminates, martensitic stainless steel laminates, etc. according to the cladding stainless steel materials. Among them, austenitic stainless steel laminates and ferritic stainless steel laminates have been widely used due to their good corrosion resistance and low price.
  • the present invention provides a Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method, and the composite material prepared by the present invention has a better bonding interface microstructure and high interface strength.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method, comprising the following steps:
  • the heating temperature is 950-1100 °C, keep warm for 1-3h, and directly enter the rolling mill for rolling.
  • the total rolling reduction is 45%-65%;
  • the finished product is leveled, finished, inspected and put into storage in the leveling unit.
  • the chemical composition of the Q235B steel is:
  • the chemical composition of the 316 stainless steel is:
  • step S1) the arc starter includes the following components in mass percentage:
  • molten electroslag is contained in the copper water-cooled crystallizer, and one end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the slag; the consumable electrode, slag pool, metal molten pool, steel ingot, and bottom water tank are passed through the short mesh wire and transformer A circuit is formed; during the power-on process, the slag pool emits Joule heat, which gradually melts the end of the consumable electrode, and the molten metal gathers into metal droplets, passes through the slag pool, and falls into the copper water-cooled crystallizer to form a metal molten pool.
  • the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel-slag composite ingot is solidified, there is a molten metal pool and a slag pool at its upper end, which play the role of heat preservation and feeding, and ensure the compactness of the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot.
  • the rising slag pool forms a thin slag crust on the inner wall of the copper water-cooled crystallizer. It not only makes the surface of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot smooth and clean, but also plays the role of insulation and heat insulation, so that more heat can be conducted to the lower part, which is beneficial to the bottom-up directional crystallization of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot. Due to the above reasons, the quality and performance of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel ingots produced by electroslag remelting are improved, the plasticity and impact toughness at low temperature, room temperature and high temperature are enhanced, and the service life of steel is extended.
  • the high voltage is 70-80V; the medium current is 10000-12000A; the high current is 15000-16000A.
  • the heat source is stable
  • the stepping speed is stable, the smaller the voltage level, the less the shrinkage cavity of the remelted ingot, and the voltage change is preferably 5V; the current is stable, otherwise it will be on the surface of the remelted ingot Ripples appear; the electrode lifting rate (arc length control) is stable.
  • the present invention produces Q235B steel/316 stainless steel billet through electroslag remelting process, and rolls it to the target thickness required by the user through hot rolling, so that annealing treatment may not be required;
  • the interfacial shear strength of the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite plate of the present invention is ⁇ 135MPa, the tensile strength is ⁇ 345MPa, and the number of repeated bending is ⁇ 6 times;
  • the present invention reduces the process flow, speeds up the production rhythm, and is easy to realize large-scale industrial production. It is a Q235B steel/316 steel with very good development potential
  • the preparation and processing technology of stainless steel metal layered composite materials reduces production costs and saves social resources.
  • This embodiment provides a Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method, wherein, Q235B chemical composition: C is 0.16wt%, Si is 0.15wt%, Mn is 0.25wt%, P is 0.012wt%, S is 0.008wt%, the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
  • the chemical composition of 316 stainless steel is: C is 0.03wt%, Si is 0.80wt%, Mn is 1.8wt%, P is 0.015wt%, S is 0.005wt%, Ni 10wt%, Cr 16.0wt%, Mo 2.0wt%, The rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • Described method comprises the following steps:
  • the molten electroslag is contained in the copper water-cooled crystallizer, and one end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the molten slag.
  • the consumable electrode, slag pool, molten metal pool, steel ingot, and bottom water tank form a loop through a short mesh wire and a transformer.
  • the slag pool emits Joule heat, which gradually melts the consumable electrode tip, and the molten metal gathers into metal droplets, passes through the slag pool, falls into the crystallizer, and forms a molten metal pool, which is rapidly solidified by water cooling to form For Q235B steel ingot, when the thickness of the steel ingot reaches the set requirement, immediately replace the 316 stainless steel consumable electrode.
  • Q235B steel slag and 316 stainless steel slag are in full contact, and non-metallic inclusions in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are absorbed by the slag. Harmful elements (sulfur, lead, antimony, silver, tin) in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are effectively removed through Q235B steel-slag, 316 stainless steel-slag reaction and high temperature gasification. Under the cover of the slag pool, the liquid metal basically avoids re-oxidation. Because it is melted, refined, and solidified in a copper water-cooled crystallizer, this prevents the pollution of refractory materials to steel.
  • the heat source is stable
  • the stepping speed is stable, the smaller the voltage level, the less the shrinkage cavity of the remelted ingot, and the voltage change is preferably 5V; the current is stable, otherwise it will be on the surface of the remelted ingot Ripples appear; the electrode lifting rate (arc length control) is stable.
  • electroslag remelting After electroslag remelting, it directly enters the heating furnace, the heating temperature is 950 ° C, and the heat preservation is 3 hours. Then it enters the rolling mill for rolling. The total rolling reduction is 45%. It can be directly supplied and used in the hot rolling state. Finishing, inspection, storage. The interfacial shear strength of the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite plate was detected to be 155MPa, the tensile strength was 385MPa, and the number of repeated bending was 8 times.
  • This embodiment provides a Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method, wherein,
  • Q235B chemical composition C is 0.18wt%, Si is 0.12wt%, Mn is 0.35wt%, P is 0.012wt%, S is 0.008wt%, the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
  • C is 0.04wt%
  • Si is 0.70wt%
  • Mn is 1.6wt%
  • P is 0.012wt%
  • S is 0.005wt%
  • the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • Described method comprises the following steps:
  • the molten electroslag is contained in the copper water-cooled crystallizer, and one end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the molten slag.
  • the consumable electrode, slag pool, molten metal pool, steel ingot, and bottom water tank form a loop through a short mesh wire and a transformer.
  • the slag pool emits Joule heat, which gradually melts the consumable electrode tip, and the molten metal gathers into metal droplets, passes through the slag pool, falls into the crystallizer, and forms a molten metal pool, which is rapidly solidified by water cooling to form For Q235B steel ingot, when the thickness of the steel ingot reaches the set requirement, immediately replace the 316 stainless steel consumable electrode.
  • Q235B steel slag and 316 stainless steel slag are in full contact, and non-metallic inclusions in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are absorbed by the slag. Harmful elements (sulfur, lead, antimony, silver, tin) in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are effectively removed through Q235B steel-slag, 316 stainless steel-slag reaction and high temperature gasification. Under the cover of the slag pool, the liquid metal basically avoids re-oxidation. Because it is melted, refined, and solidified in a copper water-cooled crystallizer, this prevents the pollution of refractory materials to steel.
  • the heat source is stable, the stepping speed is stable, the smaller the voltage level, the less the shrinkage cavity of the remelted ingot, and the voltage change is preferably 5V; the current is stable, otherwise it will be on the surface of the remelted ingot Ripples appear; the electrode lifting rate (arc length control) is stable.
  • the heating temperature is 1050°C, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours. It enters the rolling mill for rolling. The total rolling reduction is 55%. It can be directly supplied and used in the hot rolling state. Finishing, inspection, storage.
  • the interfacial shear strength of the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite plate was detected to be 145MPa, the tensile strength was 395MPa, and the number of repeated bending was 9 times.
  • This embodiment provides a Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method, wherein,
  • Q235B chemical composition C is 0.16wt%, Si is 0.15wt%, Mn is 0.30wt%, P is 0.012wt%, S is 0.008wt%, the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
  • C is 0.06wt%
  • Si is 0.70wt%
  • Mn is 1.6wt%
  • P is 0.012wt%
  • S is 0.005wt%
  • Ni 10.0wt% Cr 17.0wt%
  • Mo 2.0wt%
  • the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the molten electroslag is contained in the copper water-cooled crystallizer, and one end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the molten slag.
  • the consumable electrode, slag pool, molten metal pool, steel ingot, and bottom water tank form a loop through a short mesh wire and a transformer.
  • the slag pool emits Joule heat, which gradually melts the consumable electrode tip, and the molten metal gathers into metal droplets, passes through the slag pool, falls into the crystallizer, and forms a molten metal pool, which is rapidly solidified by water cooling to form For Q235B steel ingot, when the thickness of the steel ingot reaches the set requirement, immediately replace the 316 stainless steel consumable electrode.
  • Q235B steel slag and 316 stainless steel slag are in full contact, and non-metallic inclusions in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are absorbed by the slag. Harmful elements (sulfur, lead, antimony, cash, tin) in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are effectively removed through Q235B steel-slag, 316 stainless steel-slag reaction and high temperature gasification. Under the cover of the slag pool, the liquid metal basically avoids re-oxidation. Because it is melted, refined, and solidified in a copper water-cooled crystallizer, this prevents the pollution of refractory materials to steel.
  • the heating temperature is 1100°C
  • the heat preservation is 1.5h
  • the total reduction of rolling is 65%. , finishing, inspection, storage.
  • the interfacial shear strength of the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite plate is 140MPa
  • the tensile strength is 390MPa
  • the number of repeated bending is 8 times.
  • This embodiment provides a Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method, wherein,
  • Q235B chemical composition C is 0.17wt%, Si is 0.12wt%, Mn is 0.25wt%, P is 0.012wt%, S is 0.008wt%, the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
  • C is 0.06wt%
  • Si is 0.80wt%
  • Mn is 1.2wt%
  • P is 0.012wt%
  • S is 0.005wt%
  • the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the molten electroslag is contained in the copper water-cooled crystallizer, and one end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the molten slag.
  • the consumable electrode, slag pool, molten metal pool, steel ingot, and bottom water tank form a loop through a short mesh wire and a transformer.
  • the slag pool emits Joule heat, which gradually melts the consumable electrode tip, and the molten metal gathers into metal droplets, passes through the slag pool, falls into the crystallizer, and forms a molten metal pool, which is rapidly solidified by water cooling to form For Q235B steel ingot, when the thickness of the steel ingot reaches the set requirement, immediately replace the 316 stainless steel consumable electrode.
  • Q235B steel slag and 316 stainless steel slag are in full contact, and non-metallic inclusions in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are absorbed by the slag. Harmful elements (sulfur, lead, antimony, silver, tin) in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are effectively removed through Q235B steel-slag, 316 stainless steel-slag reaction and high temperature gasification. Under the cover of the slag pool, the liquid metal basically avoids re-oxidation. Because it is melted, refined, and solidified in a copper water-cooled crystallizer, this prevents the pollution of refractory materials to steel.
  • the heat source is stable
  • the stepping speed is stable, the smaller the voltage level, the less the shrinkage cavity of the remelted ingot, and the voltage change is preferably 5V; the current is stable, otherwise it will be on the surface of the remelted ingot Ripples appear; the electrode lifting rate (arc length control) is stable.
  • the heating temperature is 1100°C
  • the heat preservation is 1.5h
  • the rolling mill for rolling.
  • the total reduction of rolling is 60%. , finishing, inspection, storage.
  • the interfacial shear strength of the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite plate is 135MPa
  • the tensile strength is 390MPa
  • the number of repeated bending is 9 times.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

Provided in the present invention is a Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method. The method comprises: vertically placing an arc striking electrode into a furnace, and making a tip be 30-70 mm away from an arc striking agent, and adjusting the current and voltage; during electroslag remelting of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel, using a slag system having the mass percentage of 70% CaF2 and 30% Al2O3; after slag melting temperature rising time is reached, taking the electrode away from a slag surface, cutting off a high voltage, lifting the electrode, replacing same with a consumable electrode, adjusting a smelting current, gradually changing the smelting current to a normal smelting current within 8 minutes, and if the consumable electrode is used for arc striking and slagging, after the slag is subjected to dissolved clarification, gradually increasing the current for normal refining; and when the electrode is melted by less than or equal to 100 mm in the late period, gradually decreasing the current to a filling current for filling and feeding; and the slag directly entering a heating furnace after electroslag remelting, and then directly entering a rolling mill for rolling, wherein the interfacial shear strength of a composite board is greater than or equal to 135 MPa, the tensile strength is greater than or equal to 345 MPa, and the number of instances of repeated bending is greater than or equal to 6.

Description

一种Q235B钢/316不锈钢电渣重熔复合方法A Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及金属基复合材技术领域，尤其是一种Q235B钢/316不锈钢电渣重熔复合方法。The invention relates to the technical field of metal-based composite materials, in particular to a Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method.
背景技术Background technique
复合材料的研究与制备是近年来材料行业发展的一个重要趋势。随着科学技术的不断发展，每个行业对材料的综合性能要求日渐高涨，单一的材料已经无法满足高指标、高性能的要求。层状金属复合材料是利用复合技术使两种或两种以上物理、化学、力学性能不同的金属在界面上实现牢固的冶金结合而制备的一种新型材料。The research and preparation of composite materials is an important trend in the development of the material industry in recent years. With the continuous development of science and technology, each industry has increasingly high requirements for the comprehensive performance of materials, and a single material can no longer meet the requirements of high indicators and high performance. Layered metal composite material is a new type of material prepared by using composite technology to make two or more metals with different physical, chemical and mechanical properties realize firm metallurgical bonding at the interface.
尽管各层金属仍保持各自原有特性，但层状金属复合材料的物理、化学、力学性能比单一金属优越得多，得到的复合板所具有的综合性能是任一组元所无法具备的。Although each layer of metal still maintains its original characteristics, the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of layered metal composites are much superior to those of single metals, and the composite boards obtained have comprehensive properties that cannot be possessed by any component.
随着科技进步，如今它们不仅在应用范围上愈加广泛，而且在材料性能组合和优化利用方面也突破了传统的认识。导电性、导热性、耐腐蚀性和力学性能的有效组合，既使材料的综合性能得到提高，也为合理选材和降低成本提供了更好的条件。With the advancement of science and technology, they are not only more widely used in the scope of application, but also break through the traditional understanding in terms of material performance combination and optimal utilization. The effective combination of electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties not only improves the overall performance of the material, but also provides better conditions for reasonable material selection and cost reduction.
双金属复合材料由于其特有的性能，越来越引起人们的重视，尤其是在航空、航天、国防、交通、电子和通讯等领域得到了广泛的应用。Due to its unique properties, bimetallic composites have attracted more and more attention, especially in the fields of aviation, aerospace, national defense, transportation, electronics and communications.
不锈钢层合板是金属层合板中应用最为广泛的一种，它是将具有耐腐蚀、耐热、耐磨的不锈钢作为覆层，而采用强度相对较高、塑性韧性较好的碳钢或 低合金钢作为基层，因此不锈钢层合板以其具有良好的成型加工性能、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能被广泛应用于工业生产中。不锈钢层合板根据覆层不锈钢材料的不同可分为奥氏体不锈钢层合板、铁素体不锈钢层合板、双相不锈钢层合板、马氏体不锈钢层合板等。其中奥氏体不锈钢层合板和铁素体不锈钢层合板由于具有良好的耐腐蚀性能和价格低廉而获得了广泛应用。Stainless steel laminate is the most widely used type of metal laminate. It uses corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant, wear-resistant stainless steel as the cladding, and carbon steel or low alloy with relatively high strength and good plasticity and toughness. Steel is used as the base layer, so stainless steel laminates are widely used in industrial production because of their good formability, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Stainless steel laminates can be divided into austenitic stainless steel laminates, ferritic stainless steel laminates, duplex stainless steel laminates, martensitic stainless steel laminates, etc. according to the cladding stainless steel materials. Among them, austenitic stainless steel laminates and ferritic stainless steel laminates have been widely used due to their good corrosion resistance and low price.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种Q235B钢/316不锈钢电渣重熔复合方法，本发明制备的复合材料具有更优良的结合界面微观组织，具有高的界面强度。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method, and the composite material prepared by the present invention has a better bonding interface microstructure and high interface strength.
本发明的技术方案为：一种Q235B钢/316不锈钢电渣重熔复合方法，包括以下步骤：The technical solution of the present invention is: a Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method, comprising the following steps:
S1)、将引弧电极卡好后，垂直入炉，调整中心，使端头距引弧剂30-70mm处口，待一切就绪后，调整好电流、电压，待指示仪表盘上电流开始波动后即可加渣；S1), after the arc ignition electrode is stuck, put it into the furnace vertically, adjust the center so that the end is 30-70mm away from the arc ignition agent, and when everything is ready, adjust the current and voltage, and the current on the indicator panel starts to fluctuate After that, slag can be added;
S2)、电渣重熔Q235B钢/316不锈钢时采质量百分比为70％的CaF 2-质量百分比为30％的Al 2O 3渣系，加渣时从四周均匀加入，避免一次加入量过多，避免冷渣过多造成溶渣凝固，透气性不好，导致喷渣、钻渣； S2), when electroslag remelting Q235B steel/316 stainless steel, the mass percentage is 70% CaF 2 -the mass percentage is 30% Al 2 O 3 slag system, when adding slag, add it evenly from all around, avoid adding too much at one time , to avoid too much cold slag causing solidification of molten slag, poor air permeability, resulting in slag spraying and drilling;
S3)、待溶渣升温时间达到后，立即将电极离开渣面，切断高压，抬起电极，移动台车换入自耗电极，根据熔炼要求迅速调整熔炼电流，在≤8分钟内逐渐转为正常熔炼电流，如果用自耗电极引弧造渣，待渣溶清后逐渐提高电流进行正常精炼；熔炼期间应经常观察炉况，调整电极至中心位置，防止电极与铜制水冷结晶器打弧和其它意外事故的发生，到后期电极被融化掉≤100mm时电流逐渐 递减至充填电流，进行充填补缩；S3) After the slag heating time is up, immediately remove the electrode from the slag surface, cut off the high voltage, lift the electrode, move the trolley to replace the consumable electrode, quickly adjust the smelting current according to the smelting requirements, and gradually turn it on within ≤8 minutes For the normal smelting current, if the consumable electrode is used to strike the arc to make slag, after the slag is dissolved, gradually increase the current to carry out normal refining; during the smelting period, the furnace condition should be observed frequently, and the electrode should be adjusted to the center position to prevent the electrode from contacting the copper water-cooled crystallizer. In the event of arcing and other accidents, the current gradually decreases to the filling current when the electrode is melted ≤ 100mm in the later stage, and the filling and shrinking are carried out;
S4)、电渣重熔后直接进入加热炉，加热温度950-1100℃，保温1-3h，直接进入轧机进行轧制，轧制总压下量为45％-65％；可以热轧状态直接供货使用，成品在平整机组进行开平，精整，检验，入库。S4), after electroslag remelting, directly enter the heating furnace, the heating temperature is 950-1100 ℃, keep warm for 1-3h, and directly enter the rolling mill for rolling. The total rolling reduction is 45%-65%; For supply and use, the finished product is leveled, finished, inspected and put into storage in the leveling unit.
作为优选的，所述的Q235B钢的化学成分为：As preferably, the chemical composition of the Q235B steel is:
C 0.16-0.20wt％，Si 0.08-0.16wt％，Mn 0.25-0.4wt％，P<0.015wt％，S<0.010wt％，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质。C 0.16-0.20wt%, Si 0.08-0.16wt%, Mn 0.25-0.4wt%, P<0.015wt%, S<0.010wt%, the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
作为优选的，所述的316不锈钢的化学成分为：As preferably, the chemical composition of the 316 stainless steel is:
C 0.03-0.06wt％，Si 0.50-0.80wt％，Mn 1.2-1.8wt％，P≤0.015wt％，S≤0.010wt％，Ni 10.0-14.0wt％，Cr 16.0-18.5wt％，Mo 2.0-3.0wt％，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质。C 0.03-0.06wt%, Si 0.50-0.80wt%, Mn 1.2-1.8wt%, P≤0.015wt%, S≤0.010wt%, Ni 10.0-14.0wt%, Cr 16.0-18.5wt%, Mo 2.0- 3.0wt%, the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
步骤S1)中，所述的引弧剂包括以下质量百分比的组分：In step S1), the arc starter includes the following components in mass percentage:
Ti0 2 30-40％； Ti0 2 30-40%;
CaF 2 60-70％。 CaF2 60-70%.
作为优选的，在铜制水冷结晶器内盛有熔融的电渣，自耗电极一端插入熔渣内；自耗电极、渣池、金属熔池、钢锭、底水箱通过短网导线和变压器形成回路；在通电过程中，渣池放出焦耳热，将自耗电极端头逐渐熔化，熔融金属汇聚成金属液滴，穿过渣池，落入铜制水冷结晶器，形成金属熔池，受水冷作用，迅速凝固形成Q235B钢锭，当钢锭厚度达到设定要求后，立即更换316不锈钢自耗电极；在电极端头液滴形成阶段，以及液滴穿过渣池滴落阶段，Q235B钢渣、316不锈钢渣充分接触，Q235B钢、316不锈钢中非金属夹杂物为炉渣所吸收。Q235B钢、316不锈钢中有害元素(硫、铅、锑、钞、锡)通过Q235B钢-渣、316不锈钢-渣反应和高温气化有效地去除。液态金属在渣池覆盖下，基本上避免 了再氧化。因为是在铜制水冷结晶器内熔化、精炼、凝固的，这就杜绝了耐火材料对钢的污染。As a preference, molten electroslag is contained in the copper water-cooled crystallizer, and one end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the slag; the consumable electrode, slag pool, metal molten pool, steel ingot, and bottom water tank are passed through the short mesh wire and transformer A circuit is formed; during the power-on process, the slag pool emits Joule heat, which gradually melts the end of the consumable electrode, and the molten metal gathers into metal droplets, passes through the slag pool, and falls into the copper water-cooled crystallizer to form a metal molten pool. Water cooling effect, rapid solidification to form a Q235B steel ingot, when the thickness of the steel ingot reaches the set requirements, replace the 316 stainless steel consumable electrode immediately; in the stage of the droplet formation at the electrode tip, and the droplet dripping stage through the slag pool, Q235B steel slag, The 316 stainless steel slag is fully contacted, and the non-metallic inclusions in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are absorbed by the slag. Harmful elements (sulfur, lead, antimony, silver, tin) in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are effectively removed through Q235B steel-slag, 316 stainless steel-slag reaction and high temperature gasification. The liquid metal is covered by the slag pool, basically avoiding re-oxidation. Because it is melted, refined, and solidified in a copper water-cooled crystallizer, this prevents the pollution of refractory materials to steel.
作为优选的，Q235B钢/316不锈钢-渣复合锭凝固前，在它的上端有金属熔池和渣池，起保温和补缩作用，保证Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合锭的致密性。上升的渣池在铜制水冷结晶器内壁上形成一层薄渣壳。不仅使Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合锭表面光洁，还起绝缘和隔热作用，使更多的热量向下部传导，有利于Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合锭自下而上的定向结晶。由于以上原因，电渣重熔生产的Q235B钢/316不锈钢锭的质量和性能得到改进，低温、室温和高温下的塑性和冲击韧性增强，钢材使用的寿命延长等。Preferably, before the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel-slag composite ingot is solidified, there is a molten metal pool and a slag pool at its upper end, which play the role of heat preservation and feeding, and ensure the compactness of the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot. The rising slag pool forms a thin slag crust on the inner wall of the copper water-cooled crystallizer. It not only makes the surface of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot smooth and clean, but also plays the role of insulation and heat insulation, so that more heat can be conducted to the lower part, which is beneficial to the bottom-up directional crystallization of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot. Due to the above reasons, the quality and performance of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel ingots produced by electroslag remelting are improved, the plasticity and impact toughness at low temperature, room temperature and high temperature are enhanced, and the service life of steel is extended.
作为优选的，引弧时选用高电压中电流→加助熔剂时电流有所波动→当助熔剂全部熔解时把中电流调整到高电流→电极熔解到剩余100-150mm时，封顶补缩→熔炼结束40分钟后抽锭或抬结晶器。As a preference, choose high voltage and medium current when striking the arc → the current fluctuates when adding flux → adjust the medium current to high current when the flux is completely melted → when the electrode is melted to the remaining 100-150mm, cap and feed → melting Pump the ingot or lift the crystallizer 40 minutes after the end.
其中，所述的高电压为70-80V；所述的中电流为10000-12000A；所述的高电流为15000-16000A。Wherein, the high voltage is 70-80V; the medium current is 10000-12000A; the high current is 15000-16000A.
在冶炼过程中，主要要求热源稳定，步进速度平稳，电压等级越小，重熔锭的缩孔就越少，电压变化为5V一级为好；电流稳定，不然会在重熔锭的表面出现波纹；电极升降速率(弧长控制)平稳。During the smelting process, it is mainly required that the heat source is stable, the stepping speed is stable, the smaller the voltage level, the less the shrinkage cavity of the remelted ingot, and the voltage change is preferably 5V; the current is stable, otherwise it will be on the surface of the remelted ingot Ripples appear; the electrode lifting rate (arc length control) is stable.
如果是多根电极熔炼一炉料，在自耗电极熔化至焊口还有大概100-150mm时，调整电流使电流大于冶炼电流约300-700A，保持2-4分钟后，开始更换另外一金属自耗电极。更换电极的速度要快，以免在先前的钢锭面形成渣沟，造成Q235B钢/316不锈钢结合面残渣夹杂物较多，在熔炼快结束时，由于金属冷却过程的自然收缩，会导致在金属熔池部位有一个深度不等的凹坑(缩孔)出现， 为了消除这个对后续加工的影响，采取的一在熔炼过程中预补充的工艺，也就是补缩。If multiple electrodes are used to smelt a charge, when the self-consumable electrode is melted until the weld is about 100-150mm away, adjust the current to make the current greater than the smelting current by about 300-700A, keep it for 2-4 minutes, and then start to replace another metal Consumable electrodes. The speed of replacing the electrode should be fast, so as not to form slag grooves on the surface of the previous steel ingot, resulting in more residues and inclusions on the joint surface of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel. There is a pit (shrinkage cavity) with different depths in the pool. In order to eliminate the impact on the subsequent processing, a pre-supplementary process in the smelting process is adopted, that is, feeding.
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、本发明通过电渣重熔工艺生产出Q235B钢/316不锈钢钢坯，通过热轧轧制到用户需要的目标厚度，可以不需要退火处理；1. The present invention produces Q235B steel/316 stainless steel billet through electroslag remelting process, and rolls it to the target thickness required by the user through hot rolling, so that annealing treatment may not be required;
2、本发明的Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合板界面剪切强度≥135MPa，抗拉强度≥345MPa，反复弯曲次数≥6次；2. The interfacial shear strength of the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite plate of the present invention is ≥135MPa, the tensile strength is ≥345MPa, and the number of repeated bending is ≥6 times;
3、本发明通过将电渣重熔，加热、轧制联合在一起，减少了工艺流程，加快了生产节奏，易于实现大规模工业化生产，是一种具有非常好的发展潜力的Q235B钢/316不锈钢金属层状复合材料制备加工技术，降低了生产成本，节约了社会资源。3. By combining electroslag remelting, heating and rolling, the present invention reduces the process flow, speeds up the production rhythm, and is easy to realize large-scale industrial production. It is a Q235B steel/316 steel with very good development potential The preparation and processing technology of stainless steel metal layered composite materials reduces production costs and saves social resources.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明：The specific embodiment of the present invention is described further below:
实施例1Example 1
本实施例提供一种Q235B钢/316不锈钢电渣重熔复合方法，其中，Q235B化学成分：C为0.16wt％，Si为0.15wt％，Mn为0.25wt％，P为0.012wt％，S为0.008wt％，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质；This embodiment provides a Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method, wherein, Q235B chemical composition: C is 0.16wt%, Si is 0.15wt%, Mn is 0.25wt%, P is 0.012wt%, S is 0.008wt%, the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
316不锈钢化学成分为：C为0.03wt％，Si为0.80wt％，Mn为1.8wt％，P为0.015wt％，S为0.005wt％，Ni 10wt％，Cr 16.0wt％，Mo 2.0wt％，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质。The chemical composition of 316 stainless steel is: C is 0.03wt%, Si is 0.80wt%, Mn is 1.8wt%, P is 0.015wt%, S is 0.005wt%, Ni 10wt%, Cr 16.0wt%, Mo 2.0wt%, The rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
所述的方法包括以下步骤：Described method comprises the following steps:
S1)、将引弧电极卡好后，垂直入炉，调整中心，使端头距引弧剂(32％Ti0 2、 68％的CaF 2)50mm处口待一切就绪后，调整好电流、电压，待指示仪表盘上电流开始波动后即可加渣； S1), after clamping the arc ignition electrode, put it vertically into the furnace, adjust the center so that the end is 50mm away from the arc ignition agent (32% Ti0 2 , 68% CaF 2 ) and when everything is ready, adjust the current and voltage , the slag can be added after the current on the indicator panel starts to fluctuate;
S2)、电渣重熔时采70％CaF 2-30％Al 2O 3渣系(ANF-6渣)，加渣时一定要四周均匀加入，一次加入量不要过多，避免冷渣过多造成溶渣凝固，透气性不好，导致喷渣、钻渣。 S2), 70% CaF 2 -30% Al 2 O 3 slag system (ANF-6 slag) is used during electroslag remelting. When adding slag, it must be added evenly around the surroundings. Do not add too much at one time to avoid excessive cold slag The slag is solidified, and the air permeability is not good, resulting in slag spraying and drilling slag.
S3)、待溶渣升温时间达到后，立即将电极离开渣面，切断高压，抬起电极，移动台车换入自耗电极，根据熔炼要求迅速调整熔炼电流，在6分钟内逐渐转为正常熔炼电流，如果用自耗电极引弧造渣，待渣溶清后逐渐提高电流进行正常精炼。S3), after the slag heating time is up, immediately remove the electrode from the slag surface, cut off the high voltage, lift the electrode, move the trolley to replace the consumable electrode, quickly adjust the smelting current according to the smelting requirements, and gradually turn to smelting current within 6 minutes For normal smelting current, if the consumable electrode is used to strike the arc to make slag, after the slag is dissolved, gradually increase the current to carry out normal refining.
S4)、熔炼期间应经常观察炉况，调整电极至中心位置，防止电极与结晶器打弧和其它意外事故的发生，到后期电极被融化掉只剩90mm左右时电流逐渐递减至充填电流，进行充填补缩。S4) During the smelting period, the furnace condition should be observed frequently, and the electrode should be adjusted to the center position to prevent arcing between the electrode and the crystallizer and other accidents. In the later stage, when the electrode is melted and only about 90mm is left, the current gradually decreases to the filling current. Fill and shrink.
在铜制水冷结晶器内盛有熔融的电渣，自耗电极一端插入熔渣内。自耗电极、渣池、金属熔池、钢锭、底水箱通过短网导线和变压器形成回路。在通电过程中，渣池放出焦耳热，将自耗电极端头逐渐熔化，熔融金属汇聚成金属液滴，穿过渣池，落入结晶器，形成金属熔池，受水冷作用，迅速凝固形成Q235B钢锭，当钢锭厚度达到设定要求后，立即更换316不锈钢自耗电极。在电极端头液滴形成阶段，以及液滴穿过渣池滴落阶段，Q235B钢渣、316不锈钢渣充分接触，Q235B钢、316不锈钢中非金属夹杂物为炉渣所吸收。Q235B钢、316不锈钢中有害元素(硫、铅、锑、钞、锡)通过Q235B钢-渣、316不锈钢-渣反应和高温气化有效地去除。液态金属在渣池覆盖下，基本上避免了再氧化。因为是在铜制水冷结晶器内熔化、精炼、凝固的，这就杜绝了耐火材料对钢的污染。The molten electroslag is contained in the copper water-cooled crystallizer, and one end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the molten slag. The consumable electrode, slag pool, molten metal pool, steel ingot, and bottom water tank form a loop through a short mesh wire and a transformer. During the power-on process, the slag pool emits Joule heat, which gradually melts the consumable electrode tip, and the molten metal gathers into metal droplets, passes through the slag pool, falls into the crystallizer, and forms a molten metal pool, which is rapidly solidified by water cooling to form For Q235B steel ingot, when the thickness of the steel ingot reaches the set requirement, immediately replace the 316 stainless steel consumable electrode. In the stage of droplet formation at the electrode tip and droplet dripping through the slag pool, Q235B steel slag and 316 stainless steel slag are in full contact, and non-metallic inclusions in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are absorbed by the slag. Harmful elements (sulfur, lead, antimony, silver, tin) in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are effectively removed through Q235B steel-slag, 316 stainless steel-slag reaction and high temperature gasification. Under the cover of the slag pool, the liquid metal basically avoids re-oxidation. Because it is melted, refined, and solidified in a copper water-cooled crystallizer, this prevents the pollution of refractory materials to steel.
Q235B钢/316不锈钢-渣复合锭凝固前，在它的上端有金属熔池和渣池，起 保温和补缩作用，保证Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合锭的致密性。上升的渣池在结晶器内壁上形成一层薄渣壳。不仅使Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合锭表面光洁，还起绝缘和隔热作用，使更多的热量向下部传导，有利于Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合锭自下而上的定向结晶。由于以上原因，电渣重熔生产的Q235B钢/316不锈钢锭的质量和性能得到改进，低温、室温和高温下的塑性和冲击韧性增强，钢材使用的寿命延长等。Before the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel-slag composite ingot is solidified, there are metal molten pool and slag pool at its upper end, which play the role of heat preservation and feeding to ensure the compactness of the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot. The rising slag pool forms a thin slag crust on the inner wall of the crystallizer. It not only makes the surface of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot smooth and clean, but also plays the role of insulation and heat insulation, so that more heat can be conducted to the lower part, which is beneficial to the bottom-up directional crystallization of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot. Due to the above reasons, the quality and performance of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel ingots produced by electroslag remelting are improved, the plasticity and impact toughness at low temperature, room temperature and high temperature are enhanced, and the service life of steel is extended.
引弧时选用高电压中电流→加助熔剂时电流有所波动→当助熔剂全部熔解时把中电流调整到高电流→电极熔解到剩余100mm时，封顶补缩→熔炼结束42分钟后抽锭或抬结晶器。在冶炼过程中，主要要求热源稳定，步进速度平稳，电压等级越小，重熔锭的缩孔就越少，电压变化为5V一级为好；电流稳定，不然会在重熔锭的表面出现波纹；电极升降速率(弧长控制)平稳。如果是多根电极熔炼一炉料，在自耗电极熔化至焊口还有大概100mm时调整电流旋钮，使电流稍大于冶炼电流约300A，保持2分钟后，开始更换另外一金属自耗电极。更换电极的速度要快，以免在先前的钢锭面形成渣沟，造成Q235B钢/316不锈钢结合面残渣夹杂物较多，在熔炼快结束时，由于金属冷却过程的自然收缩，会导致在金属熔池部位有一个深度不等的凹坑(缩孔)出现，为了消除这个对后续加工的影响，采取的一在熔炼过程中预补充的工艺，也就是补缩。电渣重熔后直接进入加热炉，加热温度950℃，保温3h，进入轧机进行轧制，轧制总压下量为45％；可以热轧状态直接供货使用，成品在平整机组进行开平，精整，检验，入库。检测Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合板界面剪切强度为155MPa，抗拉强度为385MPa，反复弯曲次数为8次。Use high voltage and medium current when striking the arc → the current fluctuates when adding flux → adjust the medium current to high current when the flux is completely melted → when the electrode is melted to the remaining 100mm, cap and feed → take out the ingot after 42 minutes of melting Or lift the crystallizer. During the smelting process, it is mainly required that the heat source is stable, the stepping speed is stable, the smaller the voltage level, the less the shrinkage cavity of the remelted ingot, and the voltage change is preferably 5V; the current is stable, otherwise it will be on the surface of the remelted ingot Ripples appear; the electrode lifting rate (arc length control) is stable. If multiple electrodes are used to smelt a charge, adjust the current knob when the consumable electrode melts until the weld is about 100mm away, so that the current is slightly greater than the smelting current of about 300A, and after 2 minutes, start to replace another metal consumable electrode . The speed of replacing the electrode should be fast, so as not to form slag grooves on the surface of the previous steel ingot, resulting in more residues and inclusions on the joint surface of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel. There is a pit (shrinkage cavity) with different depths in the pool. In order to eliminate the impact on subsequent processing, a pre-supplementary process is adopted during the smelting process, that is, feeding. After electroslag remelting, it directly enters the heating furnace, the heating temperature is 950 ° C, and the heat preservation is 3 hours. Then it enters the rolling mill for rolling. The total rolling reduction is 45%. It can be directly supplied and used in the hot rolling state. Finishing, inspection, storage. The interfacial shear strength of the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite plate was detected to be 155MPa, the tensile strength was 385MPa, and the number of repeated bending was 8 times.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例提供一种Q235B钢/316不锈钢电渣重熔复合方法，其中，This embodiment provides a Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method, wherein,
Q235B化学成分：C为0.18wt％，Si为0.12wt％，Mn为0.35wt％，P为0.012wt％，S为0.008wt％，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质；Q235B chemical composition: C is 0.18wt%, Si is 0.12wt%, Mn is 0.35wt%, P is 0.012wt%, S is 0.008wt%, the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
316不锈钢化学成分：C为0.04wt％，Si为0.70wt％，Mn为1.6wt％，P为0.012wt％，S为0.005wt％，Ni 10.5wt％，Cr 16.0wt％，Mo 2.1wt％，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质。316 stainless steel chemical composition: C is 0.04wt%, Si is 0.70wt%, Mn is 1.6wt%, P is 0.012wt%, S is 0.005wt%, Ni 10.5wt%, Cr 16.0wt%, Mo 2.1wt%, The rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
所述的方法包括以下步骤：Described method comprises the following steps:
S1)、将引弧电极卡好后，垂直入炉，调整中心，使端头距引弧剂(35％Ti0 2、65％的CaF 2)70mm处口待一切就绪后，调整好电流、电压，待指示仪表盘上电流开始波动后即可加渣； S1), after locking the arc ignition electrode, put it into the furnace vertically, adjust the center so that the end is 70mm away from the arc ignition agent (35% Ti0 2 , 65% CaF 2 ) and when everything is ready, adjust the current and voltage , the slag can be added after the current on the indicator panel starts to fluctuate;
S2)、电渣重熔时采70％CaF 2-30％Al 2O 3渣系(ANF-6渣)，加渣时一定要四周均匀加入，一次加入量不要过多，避免冷渣过多造成溶渣凝固，透气性不好，导致喷渣、钻渣。 S2), 70% CaF 2 -30% Al 2 O 3 slag system (ANF-6 slag) is used during electroslag remelting. When adding slag, it must be added evenly around the surroundings. Do not add too much at one time to avoid excessive cold slag The slag is solidified, and the air permeability is not good, resulting in slag spraying and drilling slag.
S3)、待溶渣升温时间达到后，立即将电极离开渣面，切断高压，抬起电极，移动台车换入自耗电极，根据熔炼要求迅速调整熔炼电流，在6分钟内逐渐转为正常熔炼电流，如果用自耗电极引弧造渣，待渣溶清后逐渐提高电流进行正常精炼。熔炼期间应经常观察炉况，调整电极至中心位置，防止电极与结晶器打弧和其它意外事故的发生，到后期电极被融化掉只剩85mm左右时电流逐渐递减至充填电流，进行充填补缩。S3), after the slag heating time is up, immediately remove the electrode from the slag surface, cut off the high voltage, lift the electrode, move the trolley to replace the consumable electrode, quickly adjust the smelting current according to the smelting requirements, and gradually turn to smelting current within 6 minutes For normal smelting current, if the consumable electrode is used to strike the arc to make slag, after the slag is dissolved, gradually increase the current to carry out normal refining. During the smelting period, the furnace condition should be observed frequently, and the electrode should be adjusted to the center position to prevent arcing between the electrode and the crystallizer and other accidents. In the later stage, when the electrode is melted and only about 85mm is left, the current gradually decreases to the filling current for filling and shrinking. .
在铜制水冷结晶器内盛有熔融的电渣，自耗电极一端插入熔渣内。自耗电极、渣池、金属熔池、钢锭、底水箱通过短网导线和变压器形成回路。在通电过程中，渣池放出焦耳热，将自耗电极端头逐渐熔化，熔融金属汇聚成金属液滴，穿过渣池，落入结晶器，形成金属熔池，受水冷作用，迅速凝固形成Q235B 钢锭，当钢锭厚度达到设定要求后，立即更换316不锈钢自耗电极。在电极端头液滴形成阶段，以及液滴穿过渣池滴落阶段，Q235B钢渣、316不锈钢渣充分接触，Q235B钢、316不锈钢中非金属夹杂物为炉渣所吸收。Q235B钢、316不锈钢中有害元素(硫、铅、锑、钞、锡)通过Q235B钢-渣、316不锈钢-渣反应和高温气化有效地去除。液态金属在渣池覆盖下，基本上避免了再氧化。因为是在铜制水冷结晶器内熔化、精炼、凝固的，这就杜绝了耐火材料对钢的污染。The molten electroslag is contained in the copper water-cooled crystallizer, and one end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the molten slag. The consumable electrode, slag pool, molten metal pool, steel ingot, and bottom water tank form a loop through a short mesh wire and a transformer. During the power-on process, the slag pool emits Joule heat, which gradually melts the consumable electrode tip, and the molten metal gathers into metal droplets, passes through the slag pool, falls into the crystallizer, and forms a molten metal pool, which is rapidly solidified by water cooling to form For Q235B steel ingot, when the thickness of the steel ingot reaches the set requirement, immediately replace the 316 stainless steel consumable electrode. In the stage of droplet formation at the electrode tip and droplet dripping through the slag pool, Q235B steel slag and 316 stainless steel slag are in full contact, and non-metallic inclusions in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are absorbed by the slag. Harmful elements (sulfur, lead, antimony, silver, tin) in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are effectively removed through Q235B steel-slag, 316 stainless steel-slag reaction and high temperature gasification. Under the cover of the slag pool, the liquid metal basically avoids re-oxidation. Because it is melted, refined, and solidified in a copper water-cooled crystallizer, this prevents the pollution of refractory materials to steel.
Q235B钢/316不锈钢-渣复合锭凝固前，在它的上端有金属熔池和渣池，起保温和补缩作用，保证Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合锭的致密性。上升的渣池在结晶器内壁上形成一层薄渣壳。不仅使Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合锭表面光洁，还起绝缘和隔热作用，使更多的热量向下部传导，有利于Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合锭自下而上的定向结晶。由于以上原因，电渣重熔生产的Q235B钢/316不锈钢锭的质量和性能得到改进，低温、室温和高温下的塑性和冲击韧性增强，钢材使用的寿命延长等。Before the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel-slag composite ingot is solidified, there are metal molten pool and slag pool at its upper end, which play the role of heat preservation and shrinkage, and ensure the compactness of the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot. The rising slag pool forms a thin slag crust on the inner wall of the crystallizer. It not only makes the surface of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot smooth and clean, but also plays the role of insulation and heat insulation, so that more heat can be conducted to the lower part, which is beneficial to the bottom-up directional crystallization of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot. Due to the above reasons, the quality and performance of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel ingots produced by electroslag remelting are improved, the plasticity and impact toughness at low temperature, room temperature and high temperature are enhanced, and the service life of steel is extended.
引弧时选用高电压中电流→加助熔剂时电流有所波动→当助熔剂全部熔解时把中电流调整到高电流→电极熔解到剩余120mm时，封顶补缩→熔炼结束41分钟后抽锭或抬结晶器。在冶炼过程中，主要要求热源稳定，步进速度平稳，电压等级越小，重熔锭的缩孔就越少，电压变化为5V一级为好；电流稳定，不然会在重熔锭的表面出现波纹；电极升降速率(弧长控制)平稳。如果是多根电极熔炼一炉料，在自耗电极熔化至焊口还有大概110mm时调整电流旋钮，使电流稍大于冶炼电流约400A，保持3分钟后，开始更换另外一金属自耗电极。更换电极的速度要快，以免在先前的钢锭面形成渣沟，造成Q235B钢/316不锈钢结合面残渣夹杂物较多，在熔炼快结束时，由于金属冷却过程的自然收缩，会导致在金属熔池部位有一个深度不等的凹坑(缩孔)出现，为了消除这个对后续 加工的影响，采取的一在熔炼过程中预补充的工艺，也就是补缩。电渣重熔后直接进入加热炉，加热温度1050℃，保温2h，进入轧机进行轧制，轧制总压下量为55％；可以热轧状态直接供货使用，成品在平整机组进行开平，精整，检验，入库。检测Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合板界面剪切强度为145MPa，抗拉强度为395MPa，反复弯曲次数为9次。Use high voltage and medium current when striking the arc → the current fluctuates when adding flux → adjust the medium current to high current when the flux is completely melted → when the electrode is melted to the remaining 120mm, cap and feed → take out the ingot after 41 minutes of melting Or lift the crystallizer. During the smelting process, it is mainly required that the heat source is stable, the stepping speed is stable, the smaller the voltage level, the less the shrinkage cavity of the remelted ingot, and the voltage change is preferably 5V; the current is stable, otherwise it will be on the surface of the remelted ingot Ripples appear; the electrode lifting rate (arc length control) is stable. If multiple electrodes are used to smelt a charge, adjust the current knob when the consumable electrode melts until the weld is about 110mm away, so that the current is slightly greater than the smelting current of about 400A, and after 3 minutes, start to replace another metal consumable electrode . The speed of replacing the electrode should be fast, so as not to form slag grooves on the surface of the previous steel ingot, resulting in more residues and inclusions on the joint surface of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel. There is a pit (shrinkage cavity) with different depths in the pool. In order to eliminate the impact on subsequent processing, a pre-supplementary process is adopted during the smelting process, that is, feeding. After electroslag remelting, it directly enters the heating furnace, the heating temperature is 1050°C, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours. It enters the rolling mill for rolling. The total rolling reduction is 55%. It can be directly supplied and used in the hot rolling state. Finishing, inspection, storage. The interfacial shear strength of the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite plate was detected to be 145MPa, the tensile strength was 395MPa, and the number of repeated bending was 9 times.
实施例3Example 3
本实施例提供一种Q235B钢/316不锈钢电渣重熔复合方法，其中，This embodiment provides a Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method, wherein,
Q235B化学成分：C为0.16wt％，Si为0.15wt％，Mn为0.30wt％，P为0.012wt％，S为0.008wt％，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质；Q235B chemical composition: C is 0.16wt%, Si is 0.15wt%, Mn is 0.30wt%, P is 0.012wt%, S is 0.008wt%, the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
316不锈钢化学成分：C为0.06wt％，Si为0.70wt％，Mn为1.6wt％，P为0.012wt％，S为0.005wt％，Ni 10.0wt％，Cr 17.0wt％，Mo 2.0wt％，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质。316 stainless steel chemical composition: C is 0.06wt%, Si is 0.70wt%, Mn is 1.6wt%, P is 0.012wt%, S is 0.005wt%, Ni 10.0wt%, Cr 17.0wt%, Mo 2.0wt%, The rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
所述的生产方案是：The production scheme described is:
S1)、将引弧电极卡好后，垂直入炉，调整中心，使端头距引弧剂(32％Ti0 2、68％的CaF 2)70mm处口待一切就绪后，调整好电流、电压，待指示仪表盘上电流开始波动后即可加渣； S1), after locking the arc ignition electrode, put it into the furnace vertically, adjust the center so that the end is 70mm away from the arc ignition agent (32% Ti0 2 , 68% CaF 2 ) and when everything is ready, adjust the current and voltage , the slag can be added after the current on the indicator panel starts to fluctuate;
S2)、电渣重熔时采70％CaF 2-30％Al 2O 3渣系(ANF-6渣)，加渣时一定要四周均匀加入，一次加入量不要过多，避免冷渣过多造成溶渣凝固，透气性不好，导致喷渣、钻渣。 S2), 70% CaF 2 -30% Al 2 O 3 slag system (ANF-6 slag) is used during electroslag remelting. When adding slag, it must be added evenly around the surroundings. Do not add too much at one time to avoid excessive cold slag The slag is solidified, and the air permeability is not good, resulting in slag spraying and drilling slag.
S3)、待溶渣升温时间达到后，立即将电极离开渣面，切断高压，抬起电极，移动台车换入自耗电极，根据熔炼要求迅速调整熔炼电流，在6分钟内逐渐转为正常熔炼电流，如果用自耗电极引弧造渣，待渣溶清后逐渐提高电流进行正常 精炼。S3), after the slag heating time is up, immediately remove the electrode from the slag surface, cut off the high voltage, lift the electrode, move the trolley to replace the consumable electrode, quickly adjust the smelting current according to the smelting requirements, and gradually turn to smelting current within 6 minutes For normal smelting current, if the consumable electrode is used to strike the arc to make slag, after the slag is dissolved, gradually increase the current to carry out normal refining.
S4)、熔炼期间应经常观察炉况，调整电极至中心位置，防止电极与结晶器打弧和其它意外事故的发生，到后期电极被融化掉只剩85mm左右时电流逐渐递减至充填电流，进行充填补缩。S4) During the smelting period, the furnace conditions should be observed frequently, and the electrodes should be adjusted to the center position to prevent arcing between the electrodes and the crystallizer and other accidents. In the later stage, when the electrodes are melted and only about 85mm is left, the current gradually decreases to the filling current. Fill and shrink.
在铜制水冷结晶器内盛有熔融的电渣，自耗电极一端插入熔渣内。自耗电极、渣池、金属熔池、钢锭、底水箱通过短网导线和变压器形成回路。在通电过程中，渣池放出焦耳热，将自耗电极端头逐渐熔化，熔融金属汇聚成金属液滴，穿过渣池，落入结晶器，形成金属熔池，受水冷作用，迅速凝固形成Q235B钢锭，当钢锭厚度达到设定要求后，立即更换316不锈钢自耗电极。在电极端头液滴形成阶段，以及液滴穿过渣池滴落阶段，Q235B钢渣、316不锈钢渣充分接触，Q235B钢、316不锈钢中非金属夹杂物为炉渣所吸收。Q235B钢、316不锈钢中有害元素(硫、铅、锑、钞、锡)通过Q235B钢-渣、316不锈钢-渣反应和高温气化有效地去除。液态金属在渣池覆盖下，基本上避免了再氧化。因为是在铜制水冷结晶器内熔化、精炼、凝固的，这就杜绝了耐火材料对钢的污染。The molten electroslag is contained in the copper water-cooled crystallizer, and one end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the molten slag. The consumable electrode, slag pool, molten metal pool, steel ingot, and bottom water tank form a loop through a short mesh wire and a transformer. During the power-on process, the slag pool emits Joule heat, which gradually melts the consumable electrode tip, and the molten metal gathers into metal droplets, passes through the slag pool, falls into the crystallizer, and forms a molten metal pool, which is rapidly solidified by water cooling to form For Q235B steel ingot, when the thickness of the steel ingot reaches the set requirement, immediately replace the 316 stainless steel consumable electrode. In the stage of droplet formation at the electrode tip and droplet dripping through the slag pool, Q235B steel slag and 316 stainless steel slag are in full contact, and non-metallic inclusions in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are absorbed by the slag. Harmful elements (sulfur, lead, antimony, cash, tin) in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are effectively removed through Q235B steel-slag, 316 stainless steel-slag reaction and high temperature gasification. Under the cover of the slag pool, the liquid metal basically avoids re-oxidation. Because it is melted, refined, and solidified in a copper water-cooled crystallizer, this prevents the pollution of refractory materials to steel.
Q235B钢/316不锈钢-渣复合锭凝固前，在它的上端有金属熔池和渣池，起保温和补缩作用，保证Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合锭的致密性。上升的渣池在结晶器内壁上形成一层薄渣壳。不仅使Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合锭表面光洁，还起绝缘和隔热作用，使更多的热量向下部传导，有利于Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合锭自下而上的定向结晶。由于以上原因，电渣重熔生产的Q235B钢/316不锈钢锭的质量和性能得到改进，低温、室温和高温下的塑性和冲击韧性增强，钢材使用的寿命延长等。Before the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel-slag composite ingot is solidified, there are metal molten pool and slag pool at its upper end, which play the role of heat preservation and shrinkage, and ensure the compactness of the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot. The rising slag pool forms a thin slag crust on the inner wall of the crystallizer. It not only makes the surface of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot smooth and clean, but also plays the role of insulation and heat insulation, so that more heat can be conducted to the lower part, which is beneficial to the bottom-up directional crystallization of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot. Due to the above reasons, the quality and performance of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel ingots produced by electroslag remelting are improved, the plasticity and impact toughness at low temperature, room temperature and high temperature are enhanced, and the service life of steel is extended.
引弧时选用高电压中电流→加助熔剂时电流有所波动→当助熔剂全部熔解时把中电流调整到高电流→电极熔解到剩余100mm时，封顶补缩→熔炼结束41 分钟后抽锭或抬结晶器。在冶炼过程中，主要要求热源稳定，步进速度平稳，电压等级越小，重熔锭的缩孔就越少，电压变化为5V一级为好；电流稳定，不然会在重熔锭的表面出现波纹；电极升降速率(弧长控制)平稳。如果是多根电极熔炼一炉料，在自耗电极熔化至焊口还有大概110mm时调整电流旋钮，使电流稍大于冶炼电流约500A，保持3分钟后，开始更换另外一金属自耗电极。更换电极的速度要快，以免在先前的钢锭面形成渣沟，造成Q235B钢/316不锈钢结合面残渣夹杂物较多，在熔炼快结束时，由于金属冷却过程的自然收缩，会导致在金属熔池部位有一个深度不等的凹坑(缩孔)出现，为了消除这个对后续加工的影响，采取的一在熔炼过程中预补充的工艺，也就是补缩。电渣重熔后直接进入加热炉，加热温度1100℃，保温1.5h，进入轧机进行轧制，轧制总压下量为65％；可以热轧状态直接供货使用，成品在平整机组进行开平，精整，检验，入库。检测Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合板界面剪切强度为140MPa，抗拉强度为390MPa，反复弯曲次数为8次。Select high voltage and medium current when striking the arc → the current fluctuates when adding flux → adjust the medium current to high current when the flux is completely melted → when the electrode is melted to the remaining 100mm, cap and feed → take out the ingot 41 minutes after the end of melting Or lift the crystallizer. During the smelting process, it is mainly required that the heat source is stable, the stepping speed is stable, the smaller the voltage level, the less the shrinkage cavity of the remelted ingot, and the voltage change is preferably 5V; the current is stable, otherwise it will be on the surface of the remelted ingot Ripples appear; the electrode lifting rate (arc length control) is stable. If multiple electrodes are used to smelt a charge, adjust the current knob when the consumable electrode melts until the weld is about 110mm away, so that the current is slightly greater than the smelting current of about 500A, and after 3 minutes, start to replace another metal consumable electrode . The speed of replacing the electrode should be fast, so as not to form slag grooves on the surface of the previous steel ingot, resulting in more residues and inclusions on the joint surface of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel. There is a pit (shrinkage cavity) with different depths in the pool. In order to eliminate the impact on subsequent processing, a pre-supplementary process is adopted during the smelting process, that is, feeding. After electroslag remelting, it directly enters the heating furnace, the heating temperature is 1100°C, the heat preservation is 1.5h, and it enters the rolling mill for rolling. The total reduction of rolling is 65%. , finishing, inspection, storage. The interfacial shear strength of the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite plate is 140MPa, the tensile strength is 390MPa, and the number of repeated bending is 8 times.
实施例4Example 4
本实施例提供一种Q235B钢/316不锈钢电渣重熔复合方法，其中，This embodiment provides a Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method, wherein,
Q235B化学成分：C为0.17wt％，Si为0.12wt％，Mn为0.25wt％，P为0.012wt％，S为0.008wt％，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质；Q235B chemical composition: C is 0.17wt%, Si is 0.12wt%, Mn is 0.25wt%, P is 0.012wt%, S is 0.008wt%, the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
316不锈钢化学成分：C为0.06wt％，Si为0.80wt％，Mn为1.2wt％，P为0.012wt％，S为0.005wt％，Ni 10.5wt％，Cr 16.5wt％，Mo 2.0wt％，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质。316 stainless steel chemical composition: C is 0.06wt%, Si is 0.80wt%, Mn is 1.2wt%, P is 0.012wt%, S is 0.005wt%, Ni 10.5wt%, Cr 16.5wt%, Mo 2.0wt%, The rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
所述的生产方案是：The production scheme described is:
S1)、将引弧电极卡好后，垂直入炉，调整中心，使端头距引弧剂(38％Ti02、 62％的CaF2)30mm处口待一切就绪后，调整好电流、电压，待指示仪表盘上电流开始波动后即可加渣；S1), after clamping the arc ignition electrode, put it into the furnace vertically, adjust the center so that the end is 30mm away from the arc ignition agent (38% Ti02, 62% CaF2) and when everything is ready, adjust the current and voltage. Slag can be added after the current on the indicator panel starts to fluctuate;
S2)、电渣重熔时采70％CaF2-30％Al2O3渣系(ANF-6渣)，加渣时一定要四周均匀加入，一次加入量不要过多，避免冷渣过多造成溶渣凝固，透气性不好，导致喷渣、钻渣。S2), 70% CaF2-30% Al2O3 slag system (ANF-6 slag) is used during electroslag remelting. When adding slag, it must be added evenly around the surroundings. Do not add too much at one time, so as to avoid too much cold slag causing the molten slag to solidify , the air permeability is not good, resulting in slag spraying and drilling slag.
S3)待溶渣升温时间达到后，立即将电极离开渣面，切断高压，抬起电极，移动台车换入自耗电极，根据熔炼要求迅速调整熔炼电流，在6分钟内逐渐转为正常熔炼电流，如果用自耗电极引弧造渣，待渣溶清后逐渐提高电流进行正常精炼。熔炼期间应经常观察炉况，调整电极至中心位置，防止电极与结晶器打弧和其它意外事故的发生，到后期电极被融化掉只剩95mm左右时电流逐渐递减至充填电流，进行充填补缩。S3) After the slag heating time is up, immediately remove the electrode from the slag surface, cut off the high voltage, lift the electrode, move the trolley to replace the self-consumable electrode, quickly adjust the melting current according to the melting requirements, and gradually return to normal within 6 minutes For smelting current, if the consumable electrode is used to strike the arc to make slag, after the slag is dissolved and cleared, the current is gradually increased for normal refining. During the smelting period, the furnace condition should be observed frequently, and the electrode should be adjusted to the center position to prevent arcing between the electrode and the crystallizer and other accidents. In the later stage, when the electrode is melted and only about 95mm is left, the current gradually decreases to the filling current, and the filling and shrinking are carried out. .
在铜制水冷结晶器内盛有熔融的电渣，自耗电极一端插入熔渣内。自耗电极、渣池、金属熔池、钢锭、底水箱通过短网导线和变压器形成回路。在通电过程中，渣池放出焦耳热，将自耗电极端头逐渐熔化，熔融金属汇聚成金属液滴，穿过渣池，落入结晶器，形成金属熔池，受水冷作用，迅速凝固形成Q235B钢锭，当钢锭厚度达到设定要求后，立即更换316不锈钢自耗电极。在电极端头液滴形成阶段，以及液滴穿过渣池滴落阶段，Q235B钢渣、316不锈钢渣充分接触，Q235B钢、316不锈钢中非金属夹杂物为炉渣所吸收。Q235B钢、316不锈钢中有害元素(硫、铅、锑、钞、锡)通过Q235B钢-渣、316不锈钢-渣反应和高温气化有效地去除。液态金属在渣池覆盖下，基本上避免了再氧化。因为是在铜制水冷结晶器内熔化、精炼、凝固的，这就杜绝了耐火材料对钢的污染。The molten electroslag is contained in the copper water-cooled crystallizer, and one end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the molten slag. The consumable electrode, slag pool, molten metal pool, steel ingot, and bottom water tank form a loop through a short mesh wire and a transformer. During the power-on process, the slag pool emits Joule heat, which gradually melts the consumable electrode tip, and the molten metal gathers into metal droplets, passes through the slag pool, falls into the crystallizer, and forms a molten metal pool, which is rapidly solidified by water cooling to form For Q235B steel ingot, when the thickness of the steel ingot reaches the set requirement, immediately replace the 316 stainless steel consumable electrode. In the stage of droplet formation at the electrode tip and droplet dripping through the slag pool, Q235B steel slag and 316 stainless steel slag are in full contact, and non-metallic inclusions in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are absorbed by the slag. Harmful elements (sulfur, lead, antimony, silver, tin) in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are effectively removed through Q235B steel-slag, 316 stainless steel-slag reaction and high temperature gasification. Under the cover of the slag pool, the liquid metal basically avoids re-oxidation. Because it is melted, refined, and solidified in a copper water-cooled crystallizer, this prevents the pollution of refractory materials to steel.
Q235B钢/316不锈钢-渣复合锭凝固前，在它的上端有金属熔池和渣池，起保温和补缩作用，保证Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合锭的致密性。上升的渣池在结 晶器内壁上形成一层薄渣壳。不仅使Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合锭表面光洁，还起绝缘和隔热作用，使更多的热量向下部传导，有利于Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合锭自下而上的定向结晶。由于以上原因，电渣重熔生产的Q235B钢/316不锈钢锭的质量和性能得到改进，低温、室温和高温下的塑性和冲击韧性增强，钢材使用的寿命延长等。Before the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel-slag composite ingot is solidified, there are metal molten pool and slag pool at its upper end, which play the role of heat preservation and shrinkage, and ensure the compactness of the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot. The rising slag pool forms a thin slag crust on the inner wall of the crystallizer. It not only makes the surface of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot smooth and clean, but also plays the role of insulation and heat insulation, so that more heat can be conducted to the lower part, which is beneficial to the bottom-up directional crystallization of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite ingot. Due to the above reasons, the quality and performance of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel ingots produced by electroslag remelting are improved, the plasticity and impact toughness at low temperature, room temperature and high temperature are enhanced, and the service life of steel is extended.
引弧时选用高电压中电流→加助熔剂时电流有所波动→当助熔剂全部熔解时把中电流调整到高电流→电极熔解到剩余150mm时，封顶补缩→熔炼结束41分钟后抽锭或抬结晶器。在冶炼过程中，主要要求热源稳定，步进速度平稳，电压等级越小，重熔锭的缩孔就越少，电压变化为5V一级为好；电流稳定，不然会在重熔锭的表面出现波纹；电极升降速率(弧长控制)平稳。如果是多根电极熔炼一炉料，在自耗电极熔化至焊口还有大概120mm时调整电流旋钮，使电流稍大于冶炼电流约500A，保持3分钟后，开始更换另外一金属自耗电极。更换电极的速度要快，以免在先前的钢锭面形成渣沟，造成Q235B钢/316不锈钢结合面残渣夹杂物较多，在熔炼快结束时，由于金属冷却过程的自然收缩，会导致在金属熔池部位有一个深度不等的凹坑(缩孔)出现，为了消除这个对后续加工的影响，采取的一在熔炼过程中预补充的工艺，也就是补缩。电渣重熔后直接进入加热炉，加热温度1100℃，保温1.5h，进入轧机进行轧制，轧制总压下量为60％；可以热轧状态直接供货使用，成品在平整机组进行开平，精整，检验，入库。检测Q235B钢/316不锈钢复合板界面剪切强度为135MPa，抗拉强度为390MPa，反复弯曲次数为9次，Use high voltage and medium current when striking the arc → the current fluctuates when adding flux → adjust the medium current to high current when the flux is completely melted → when the electrode is melted to the remaining 150mm, cap feeding → take out the ingot after 41 minutes of melting Or lift the crystallizer. During the smelting process, it is mainly required that the heat source is stable, the stepping speed is stable, the smaller the voltage level, the less the shrinkage cavity of the remelted ingot, and the voltage change is preferably 5V; the current is stable, otherwise it will be on the surface of the remelted ingot Ripples appear; the electrode lifting rate (arc length control) is stable. If multiple electrodes are used to smelt a charge, adjust the current knob when the consumable electrode melts to about 120mm from the weld, so that the current is slightly greater than the smelting current of about 500A, and after 3 minutes, start to replace another metal consumable electrode . The speed of replacing the electrode should be fast, so as not to form slag grooves on the surface of the previous steel ingot, resulting in more residues and inclusions on the joint surface of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel. There is a pit (shrinkage cavity) with different depths in the pool. In order to eliminate the impact on subsequent processing, a pre-supplementary process is adopted during the smelting process, that is, feeding. After electroslag remelting, it directly enters the heating furnace, the heating temperature is 1100°C, the heat preservation is 1.5h, and then enters the rolling mill for rolling. The total reduction of rolling is 60%. , finishing, inspection, storage. The interfacial shear strength of the Q235B steel/316 stainless steel composite plate is 135MPa, the tensile strength is 390MPa, and the number of repeated bending is 9 times.
上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理和最佳实施例，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。What described in above-mentioned embodiment and description just illustrate the principle of the present invention and preferred embodiment, under the premise of not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also can have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall into within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims (7)

  1. 一种Q235B钢/316不锈钢电渣重熔复合方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    S1)、将引弧电极卡好后，垂直入炉，调整中心，使端头距引弧剂30-70mm处口，待一切就绪后，调整好电流、电压，待指示仪表盘上电流开始波动后即可加渣；S1), after the arc ignition electrode is stuck, put it into the furnace vertically, adjust the center so that the end is 30-70mm away from the arc ignition agent, and when everything is ready, adjust the current and voltage, and the current on the indicator panel starts to fluctuate After that, slag can be added;
    S2)、电渣重熔Q235B钢/316不锈钢时采用质量百分比为70％的CaF 2和质量百分比为30％的Al 2O 3渣系，加渣时从四周均匀加入，避免一次加入量过多，避免冷渣过多造成溶渣凝固，透气性不好，导致喷渣、钻渣； S2), when electroslag remelting Q235B steel/316 stainless steel, CaF 2 with a mass percentage of 70% and an Al 2 O 3 slag system with a mass percentage of 30% are used, and the slag is added evenly from around when adding slag to avoid excessive addition at one time , to avoid too much cold slag causing solidification of molten slag, poor air permeability, resulting in slag spraying and drilling;
    S3)、待溶渣升温时间达到后，立即将电极离开渣面，切断高压，抬起电极，移动台车换入自耗电极，根据熔炼要求迅速调整熔炼电流，在≤8分钟内逐渐转为正常熔炼电流，如果用自耗电极引弧造渣，待渣溶清后逐渐提高电流进行正常精炼；熔炼期间应经常观察炉况，调整电极至中心位置，防止电极与铜制水冷结晶器打弧和其它意外事故的发生，到后期电极被融化掉≤100mm时电流逐渐递减至充填电流，进行充填补缩；S3) After the slag heating time is up, immediately remove the electrode from the slag surface, cut off the high voltage, lift the electrode, move the trolley to replace the consumable electrode, quickly adjust the smelting current according to the smelting requirements, and gradually turn it on within ≤8 minutes For the normal smelting current, if the consumable electrode is used to strike the arc to make slag, after the slag is dissolved, gradually increase the current to carry out normal refining; during the smelting period, the furnace condition should be observed frequently, and the electrode should be adjusted to the center position to prevent the electrode from contacting the copper water-cooled crystallizer. In the event of arcing and other accidents, the current gradually decreases to the filling current when the electrode is melted ≤ 100mm in the later stage, and the filling and shrinking are carried out;
    S4)、电渣重熔后直接进入加热炉，加热温度950-1100℃，保温1-3h，直接进入轧机进行轧制，轧制总压下量为45％-65％；可以热轧状态直接供货使用，成品在平整机组进行开平，精整，检验，入库。S4), after electroslag remelting, directly enter the heating furnace, the heating temperature is 950-1100 ℃, keep warm for 1-3h, and directly enter the rolling mill for rolling. The total rolling reduction is 45%-65%; For supply and use, the finished product is leveled, finished, inspected and put into storage in the leveling unit.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种Q235B钢/316不锈钢电渣重熔复合方法，其特征在于：所述的Q235B钢的化学成分为：A Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chemical composition of the Q235B steel is:
    C 0.16-0.20wt％，Si 0.08-0.16wt％，Mn 0.25-0.4wt％，P<0.015wt％，S<0.010wt％，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质。C 0.16-0.20wt%, Si 0.08-0.16wt%, Mn 0.25-0.4wt%, P<0.015wt%, S<0.010wt%, the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种Q235B钢/316不锈钢电渣重熔复合方法，其特征在于：所述的316不锈钢的化学成分为：A Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chemical composition of the 316 stainless steel is:
    C 0.03-0.06wt％，Si 0.50-0.80wt％，Mn 1.2-1.8wt％，P≤0.015wt％，S≤0.010wt％，Ni 10.0-14.0wt％，Cr 16.0-18.5wt％，Mo 2.0-3.0wt％，其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质。C 0.03-0.06wt%, Si 0.50-0.80wt%, Mn 1.2-1.8wt%, P≤0.015wt%, S≤0.010wt%, Ni 10.0-14.0wt%, Cr 16.0-18.5wt%, Mo 2.0- 3.0wt%, the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种Q235B钢/316不锈钢电渣重熔复合方法，其特征在于：步骤S1)中，所述的引弧剂包括以下质量百分比的组分：A Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1), the arc ignition agent comprises the following components in mass percentage:
    Ti0 2 30-40％； Ti0 2 30-40%;
    CaF 2 60-70％。 CaF2 60-70%.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种Q235B钢/316不锈钢电渣重熔复合方法，其特征在于：在铜制水冷结晶器内盛有熔融的电渣，自耗电极一端插入熔渣内；自耗电极、渣池、金属熔池、钢锭、底水箱通过短网导线和变压器形成回路；在通电过程中，渣池放出焦耳热，将自耗电极端头逐渐熔化，熔融金属汇聚成金属液滴，穿过渣池，落入铜制水冷结晶器，形成金属熔池，受水冷作用，迅速凝固形成Q235B钢锭，当钢锭厚度达到设定要求后，立即更换316不锈钢自耗电极；在电极端头液滴形成阶段，以及液滴穿过渣池滴落阶段，Q235B钢渣、316不锈钢渣充分接触，Q235B钢、316不锈钢中非金属夹杂物为炉渣所吸收。A kind of Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the copper water-cooled crystallizer, melted electroslag is filled, and one end of the consumable electrode is inserted in the slag; The consumable electrode, slag pool, molten metal pool, steel ingot, and bottom water tank form a circuit through the short wire and transformer; during the electrification process, the slag pool emits Joule heat, which gradually melts the end of the consumable electrode, and the molten metal converges into molten metal drop, pass through the slag pool, and fall into the copper water-cooled crystallizer to form a metal molten pool, which is rapidly solidified by water cooling to form a Q235B steel ingot. When the thickness of the steel ingot reaches the set requirement, replace the 316 stainless steel consumable electrode immediately; In the stage of the droplet formation at the extreme head and the droplet dripping through the slag pool, Q235B steel slag and 316 stainless steel slag are in full contact, and the non-metallic inclusions in Q235B steel and 316 stainless steel are absorbed by the slag.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种Q235B钢/316不锈钢电渣重熔复合方法，其特征在于，引弧时选用高电压中电流→加助熔剂时电流有所波动→当助熔剂全部熔解时把中电流调整到高电流→电极熔解到剩余100-150mm时，封顶补缩→熔炼结束40分钟后抽锭或抬结晶器；A Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method according to claim 1, characterized in that, when striking the arc, a high-voltage medium current is selected → the current fluctuates when the flux is added → when the flux is completely melted, the Adjust the medium current to high current → when the electrode melts to the remaining 100-150mm, cap and feed → 40 minutes after the end of smelting, take out the ingot or lift the crystallizer;
    其中，所述的高电压为70-80V；所述的中电流为10000-12000A；所述的高电流为15000-16000A。Wherein, the high voltage is 70-80V; the medium current is 10000-12000A; the high current is 15000-16000A.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种Q235B钢/316不锈钢电渣重熔复合方法，其特征在于，如果是多根电极熔炼一炉料，在自耗电极熔化至焊口还有大概 100-150mm时，调整电流使电流大于冶炼电流300-700A，保持2-4分钟后，开始更换另外一金属自耗电极。A Q235B steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting compound method according to claim 1, characterized in that, if multiple electrodes are used to smelt a charge, when the consumable electrodes are melted to the welding joint, there is still about 100-150mm , adjust the current to make the current greater than the smelting current 300-700A, keep it for 2-4 minutes, and start to replace another metal consumable electrode.
PCT/CN2021/126667 2021-09-28 2021-10-27 Q235b steel/316 stainless steel electroslag remelting composite method WO2023050509A1 (en)

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