WO2023048445A1 - 광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우, 이를 적용한 자동차 및 건물용 창호 - Google Patents
광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우, 이를 적용한 자동차 및 건물용 창호 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023048445A1 WO2023048445A1 PCT/KR2022/014003 KR2022014003W WO2023048445A1 WO 2023048445 A1 WO2023048445 A1 WO 2023048445A1 KR 2022014003 W KR2022014003 W KR 2022014003W WO 2023048445 A1 WO2023048445 A1 WO 2023048445A1
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- conductive layer
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- SODJJEXAWOSSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1O SODJJEXAWOSSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N drometrizole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1 MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRHKULZDDYWVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxozinc;tin Chemical compound [In].[Sn].[Zn]=O HRHKULZDDYWVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010102 injection blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- NEKSVVBDHNQULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl ethaneperoxoate;propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CO.COOC(C)=O NEKSVVBDHNQULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODBNAUYEJIZARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 3-[3-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC)=CC(N2N=C3C(Cl)=CC=CC3=N2)=C1O ODBNAUYEJIZARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMFXLIFZVRXRRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 3-[3-tert-butyl-5-(5-chlorobenzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC)=CC(N2N=C3C=C(Cl)C=CC3=N2)=C1O DMFXLIFZVRXRRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
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- 229960000969 phenyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000636 poly(norbornene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M trans-cinnamate Chemical group [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
- B60J3/04—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6722—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light with adjustable passage of light
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/50—Protective arrangements
- G02F2201/503—Arrangements improving the resistance to shock
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/02—Materials and properties organic material
- G02F2202/022—Materials and properties organic material polymeric
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/16—Materials and properties conductive
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a variable transmittance optical laminate and a manufacturing method thereof, a smart window including the same, and windows and doors for automobiles and buildings to which the same is applied.
- an external light blocking coating is applied to a window of a means of transportation such as a vehicle.
- the transmittance of a window of a conventional means of transportation is fixed, and the external light blocking coating also has a fixed transmittance. Therefore, the entire transmittance of the window of the conventional means of transportation is fixed, which may cause an accident. For example, if the overall transmittance is set low, there is no problem during the day when the ambient light is sufficient. However, there is a problem in that a driver or the like may have difficulty in properly checking the surroundings of the means of transportation at night when the amount of ambient light is not sufficient.
- variable transmittance optical laminate is driven by driving the liquid crystal according to the application of voltage and changing the transmittance.
- a conductive layer for driving the liquid crystal is formed on a separate substrate, It is manufactured by combining this with other elements such as a polarizing plate.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2018-010035 also discloses a variable transmittance optical laminate including a transparent electrode layer formed on a polycarbonate (PC) substrate having a predetermined thickness.
- PC polycarbonate
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- an electrode material mainly used for the transparent electrode layer is an inorganic oxide, and cracks easily occur even with a small external stress change and sheet resistance increases, which is disadvantageous in manufacturing various types of optical laminates.
- the manufacturing process is simplified, the thickness can be reduced, cracks do not easily occur even when external stress changes, and the change in sheet resistance is small, and the transmittance is variable. There is a need for development of an optical laminate.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical laminate capable of preventing cracks in the conductive layer due to external stress changes by including a conductive layer containing a conductive polymer material.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical laminate capable of reducing the rate of increase in sheet resistance of the conductive layer due to a change in external stress by including a conductive layer containing a conductive polymer material.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical laminate having a simplified manufacturing process by not including a separate substrate for forming a conductive layer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical laminate having a significantly reduced thickness by not including a separate substrate for forming a conductive layer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical laminate having improved transmittance in a light transmission mode by not including a separate substrate for forming a conductive layer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a smart window including the variable transmittance optical laminate and a window for a vehicle or building to which the same is applied.
- the present invention a first polarizing plate; a first transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the first polarizing plate; a second polarizing plate facing the first polarizing plate; a second transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the second polarizing plate and facing the first transparent conductive layer; and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, wherein at least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer comprises the first polarizing plate and the second transparent conductive layer.
- At least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer includes a conductive polymer, and the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer contain a conductive polymer.
- At least one transparent conductive layer among the two transparent conductive layers, at a tensile strain of more than 1% and less than or equal to 10%, at least one of the crack density values calculated according to Equation 1 below is 0 to 0.05, a variable transmittance optical laminate. It is about.
- ⁇ tensile strain (%)
- A is the area of the observation region (mm 2 )
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the crack density of the transparent conductive layer calculated from the tensile strain ⁇ value
- l( ⁇ ) means the crack area (mm 2 ) of the transparent conductive layer in the observation area A measured at the tensile strain ⁇ .
- At least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer has a crack density value calculated according to Equation 1 when ⁇ is 2%. may be 0.
- At least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is calculated according to the following formula 2 at a tensile strain of 1% or more and 10% or less. At least one of the increased sheet resistance rates may be 15% or less.
- Equation 2 ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the sheet resistance increase rate (%) of the transparent conductive layer calculated at the tensile strain ⁇ , and the RS( ⁇ ) is the sheet resistance value of the transparent conductive layer measured at the tensile strain ⁇ ( ⁇ / ⁇ ), and R.S(0) is the sheet resistance value ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the transparent conductive layer measured in an initial state where the tensile strain is 0%, and ⁇ has the same meaning as in Equation 1. )
- At least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer when ⁇ is 1%, the sheet resistance increase rate calculated according to the above formula 2 is 15 % or less.
- the conductive polymer is polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyaniline, polyacetylene, polydiacetylene, polyphenylene, and polyphenylenevinylene.
- polyphenylene sulfide polythienylene vinylene, polythiophene vinylene, polyfluorene, polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) ): camphorsulfonic acid, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): toluenesulfonic acid, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, polyaniline: polystyrenesulfonate, polyaniline: camphorsul phonic acid, polypyrrole:polystyrenesulfonate, polypyrrole:camphorsulfonic acid, polypyrrole:toluenesulfonic acid, polypyrrole:dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, polythiophene:polystyrenesulfide
- At least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is separated from any one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate. It may be formed by direct contact without including a substrate of.
- At least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is bonded to any one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate. It may be formed by direct contact, including an easy layer.
- At least one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate includes at least one functional layer selected from the group consisting of a protective layer, a retardation adjusting layer, and a refractive index adjusting layer. it could be
- the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate may have a thickness of 30 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- the liquid crystal layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a ball spacer and a column spacer.
- the ball spacer may have a diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the area occupied by the ball spacer in the liquid crystal layer may be 0.01% to 10% of the area of the liquid crystal layer.
- variable transmittance optical laminate may further include at least one selected from the group consisting of an alignment film, an adhesive layer, a UV absorbing layer, and a hard coating layer.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing the variable transmittance optical laminate.
- the present invention relates to a smart window including the variable transmittance optical laminate.
- the present invention relates to a vehicle in which the smart window is applied to at least one or more of a front window, a rear window, a side window, a sunroof window, and an interior partition.
- the present invention relates to a window for a building, including the smart window.
- the conductive layer includes a conductive polymer material to prevent cracks due to external stress changes, thereby improving drive stability for various shapes compared to conventional optical laminates.
- the conductive layer includes a conductive polymer material, thereby reducing the rate of increase in sheet resistance due to external stress change, so that driving stability for various types may be improved compared to the conventional optical laminate. there is.
- variable transmittance optical laminate it is possible to omit the process of forming a conductive layer on a substrate and bonding it to another member for the formation of a conventional optical laminate, so that conventional optical Compared to the laminate, the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the conductive layer is formed directly on one surface of the polarizing plate, and the thickness is significantly reduced compared to the conventional optical laminate by not including a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer. it could be
- variable transmittance optical laminate according to the present invention, a conductive layer is directly formed on one surface of the polarizing plate, and a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer is not included, so that the transmittance in the light transmission mode is higher than that of the conventional optical laminate. this may be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a polarizing plate according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a method of measuring a crack area of a transparent conductive layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a view showing images of the transparent conductive layer in the observation area taken using an optical microscope (OM) at each tensile strain, with respect to electrode laminated members according to Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention; .
- OM optical microscope
- the present invention relates to a variable transmittance optical laminate including at least one transparent conductive layer containing a conductive polymer, and in detail, a conductive layer is formed by directly forming a transparent conductive layer for driving a liquid crystal on one surface of a polarizing plate.
- the thickness of the laminate is reduced and the transmittance in the light transmission mode is improved by not including a separate substrate for the laminate, and since the transparent conductive layer includes a conductive polymer, crack generation due to external stress change is prevented and the sheet resistance increase rate is reduced. It relates to a variable transmittance optical laminate.
- a first polarizing plate a first transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the first polarizing plate; a second polarizing plate facing the first polarizing plate; a second transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the second polarizing plate and facing the first transparent conductive layer; and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, wherein at least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer comprises the first polarizing plate and the second transparent conductive layer.
- At least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer includes a conductive polymer, and the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer contain a conductive polymer.
- At least one transparent conductive layer among the two transparent conductive layers, at a tensile strain of more than 1% and less than or equal to 10%, at least one of the crack density values calculated according to Equation 1 below is 0 to 0.05, a variable transmittance optical laminate. It is about.
- ⁇ tensile strain (%)
- A is the area of the observation region (mm 2 )
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the crack density of the transparent conductive layer calculated from the tensile strain ⁇ value
- l( ⁇ ) means the crack area (mm 2 ) of the transparent conductive layer in the observation area A measured at the tensile strain ⁇ .
- variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention is particularly suitable for technical fields capable of changing light transmittance according to the application of voltage, and can be used, for example, in a smart window or the like.
- a smart window may refer to an optical structure that controls the amount of light or heat passing through by changing the transmittance of light according to the application of an electrical signal, but is not limited thereto. That is, the smart window of the present invention is provided so that it can be changed to a transparent, opaque or translucent state by voltage, and includes a variable transmittance glass, dimming glass, or "smart" glass. It is a concept.
- a smart window can be used as a partition for partitioning the interior space of vehicles and buildings or for protecting privacy, or as a skylight placed in an opening of a building, and can be used as a highway sign, bulletin board, scoreboard, clock or advertising screen. It can also be used, and it can be used as a substitute for the glass of vehicles such as windows or sunroofs of cars, buses, aircrafts, ships, or trains.
- variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention can also be used as a smart window in the various technical fields described above, but since the conductive layer is directly formed on the polarizer, it does not include a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer. It is thin and advantageous in bending properties, so it can be particularly suitably used for smart windows for vehicles or buildings.
- the smart window to which the variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention is applied can be used for front windows, rear windows, side windows and sunroof windows of vehicles, or windows and doors for buildings, In addition to the use of blocking external light, it can also be used for partitioning the interior space of a car or building, such as an interior partition, or for protecting privacy.
- polarizing plate as used herein may mean at least one of a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate
- a transparent conductive layer may include a first transparent conductive layer and a second transparent conductive layer. It may mean at least one transparent conductive layer among the layers.
- spatially relative terms “below”, “bottom”, “lower”, “above”, “upper”, “upper”, etc. refer to one element or component and another element or component as shown in the drawings. It can be used to easily describe the correlation with Spatially relative terms should be understood as encompassing different orientations of elements in use or operation in addition to the orientations shown in the figures. For example, when elements shown in the drawings are turned over, elements described as “below” or “below” other elements may be placed “above” the other elements. Accordingly, the exemplary term “below” may include directions of both down and up. Elements may also be oriented in other orientations, and thus spatially relative terms may be interpreted according to orientation.
- planar direction may be interpreted as a direction orthogonal to the polarizing plate and/or the transparent conductive layer, that is, a direction viewed from the user's viewing side.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of polarizing plates according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- 3 is a diagram showing a method for measuring a crack area of a transparent conductive layer according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate according to another embodiment of the present invention. .
- an optical laminate with variable transmittance includes a first polarizing plate 100-1, a second polarizing plate 100-2, a first transparent conductive layer 200-1, It may include the second transparent conductive layer 200 - 2 and the liquid crystal layer 300 .
- the polarizer 100 includes a polarizer 110, and on one or both surfaces of the polarizer 110, a protective layer 120, a retardation control layer 130, and a refractive index control layer ( 140) may further include a functional layer such as the like.
- the polarizing plate 100 may include a polarizer 110 and a protective layer 120 stacked on one or both surfaces of the polarizer 110 (see FIGS. 2A and 2B), and the polarizer (110), including a protective layer 120 stacked on one side of the polarizer 110 and a retardation control layer 130 stacked on the other side opposite to the one side of the polarizer 110 (FIG.
- a polarizer 110 may include a refractive index adjusting layer 140 (see FIG. 2d), and the polarizer 110, the protective layer 120 stacked on one surface of the polarizer, and the other surface facing the one surface of the polarizer 110 It may include a protective layer 120 and a retardation control layer 130 sequentially stacked on the top (see FIG. 2e).
- polarizer 110 a conventional or later developed polarizer may be used, and for example, a stretch type polarizer or a coating type polarizer may be used.
- the stretchable polarizer may include a stretched polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin.
- the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin may be a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin obtained by saponifying a polyvinyl acetate-based resin.
- Examples of the polyvinyl acetate-based resin include polyvinyl acetate, which is a homopolymer of vinyl acetate, and copolymers of vinyl acetate and other monomers copolymerizable therewith.
- the other monomers may include unsaturated carboxylic acid-based, unsaturated sulfonic acid-based, olefin-based, vinyl ether-based, and acrylamide-based monomers having an ammonium group.
- polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resins include modified ones, and may be, for example, polyvinyl formal or polyvinyl acetal modified with aldehydes.
- the coating type polarizer may be formed of a liquid crystal coating composition, and in this case, the liquid crystal coating composition may include a reactive liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye.
- the reactive liquid crystal compound may refer to a compound including, for example, a mesogen backbone and one or more polymerizable functional groups. These reactive liquid crystal compounds are variously known as so-called RM (Reactive Mesogen).
- the reactive liquid crystal compound may be polymerized by light or heat to form a cured film in which a polymer network is formed while maintaining a liquid crystal arrangement.
- the reactive liquid crystal compound may be a monofunctional or multifunctional reactive liquid crystal compound.
- the monofunctional reactive liquid crystal compound may be a compound having one polymerizable functional group
- the multifunctional reactive liquid crystal compound may refer to a compound containing two or more polymerizable functional groups.
- the dichroic dye is a component that is included in the composition for liquid crystal coating and imparts polarization characteristics, and has a property in which absorbance in the long-axis direction and absorbance in the short-axis direction of the molecule are different.
- dichroic dye conventional or later developed dichroic dyes may be used, for example, azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, perylene dyes, merocyanine dyes (merocyanine dyes), azomethine dyes, phthaloperylene dyes, indigo dyes, dioxadine dyes, polythiophene dyes and phenoxazine It may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of dyes (phenoxazine dyes).
- the liquid crystal coating composition may further include a solvent capable of dissolving the reactive liquid crystal compound and the dichroic dye, for example, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), xylene (xylene) and chloroform may be used.
- the liquid crystal coating composition may further include a leveling agent, a polymerization initiator, and the like within a range that does not impair the polarization properties of the coating film.
- the protective layer 120 is for preserving the polarization characteristics of the polarizer 110 from subsequent processes and external environments, and may be implemented in the form of a protective film.
- the protective layer 120 may be formed by directly contacting one side or both sides of the polarizer 110 as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B , but is not limited thereto.
- the protective layer may be used in a multilayer structure in which one or more protective layers are continuously stacked, or may be formed in direct contact with another functional layer.
- the protective layer 120 may include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene isophthalate (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), or polybutylene.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEI polyethylene isophthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- PC polycarbonate
- PE polyethylene
- PE polypropylene
- PMA Polymethyl acrylate
- PMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PMMA polyethyl acrylate
- PEMA polyethyl methacrylate
- cyclic olefin polymers It may include one or more selected from the group consisting of (cyclic olefin polymer; COP).
- the retardation control layer 130 is intended to supplement the optical characteristics of the optical laminate, and may be implemented in the form of a retardation film, or a retardation film developed in the past or later.
- a quarter wave plate (1/4 wave plate) or a half wave plate (1/2 wave plate) for delaying the phase of light may be used, and these may be used alone or in combination.
- the retardation control layer 130 may be formed in direct contact with one surface of the polarizer 110, as shown in FIGS. 2C and 2D, but is not limited thereto.
- the retardation control layer 130 is formed on one surface of the protective layer 120, and the polarizer 110, the protective layer 120, and the retardation control layer 130 are formed. It may be sequentially stacked.
- the retardation control layer 130 may use a stretched polymer film or a liquid crystal polymerization film obtained by stretching a polymer film capable of imparting optical anisotropy by stretching in an appropriate manner.
- the stretched polymer film is made of polyolefin such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), cyclo olefin polymer (COP) such as polynorbornene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysulfone (PSU), acrylic resin, polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (polyethylene terephthalate; Polyester such as PET), polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or cellulose ester-based polymer such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC), or two types of monomers forming the polymer A polymer layer containing a copolymer of the above monomers or the like can be used.
- polyolefin such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), cyclo olefin polymer (COP) such as polynorbornene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysulfone (PSU), acrylic resin,
- a method of obtaining the stretched polymer film is not particularly limited, and may be obtained by, for example, stretching the polymer material after forming it into a film form.
- the forming method into the film form is not particularly limited, and it is possible to mold the film into a film by known methods such as injection molding, sheet molding, blow molding, injection blow molding, inflation molding, extrusion molding, foam molding, and cast molding. Secondary process molding methods such as molding and vacuum molding can also be used. Among them, extrusion molding and cast molding are preferably used.
- the unstretched film may be extruded using an extruder equipped with a T die, a circular die, or the like.
- the unstretched film can also be cast-molded by dissolving the various resin components using a solvent common to the various resin components, for example, a solvent such as chloroform or methylene dichloride, and then casting dry and solidifying the unstretched film.
- a solvent such as chloroform or methylene dichloride
- the polymer stretched film is uniaxially stretched in the mechanical flow direction (MD; Mechanical Direction, longitudinal direction or longitudinal direction) of the molded film, and in a direction (TD; Transverse Direction, transverse direction or width direction) that goes directly to the mechanical flow direction. It can be uniaxially stretched, or a biaxially stretched film can also be produced by stretching by a sequential biaxial stretching method of roll stretching and tenter stretching, a simultaneous biaxial stretching method by tenter stretching, a biaxial stretching method by tubular stretching, or the like.
- the liquid crystal polymerization film may include a reactive liquid crystal compound in a polymerized state.
- the reactive liquid crystal compound the same information regarding the reactive liquid crystal compound of the coating-type polarizer described above may be applied.
- the thickness of the retardation control layer 130 may be 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m in the case of a stretched polymer film and 0.1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m in the case of a liquid crystal polymerization film.
- the refractive index control layer 140 is provided to compensate for the difference in refractive index of the optical laminate due to the transparent conductive layer 200, and may serve to improve visibility by reducing the difference in refractive index. there is.
- the refractive index adjusting layer 140 may be provided to correct color due to the transparent conductive layer 200 .
- a difference in transmittance between a pattern area where the pattern is formed and a non-pattern area where the pattern is not formed may be compensated for through the refractive index adjusting layer 140 .
- the transparent conductive layer 200 is laminated adjacent to another member (eg, polarizer 110, etc.) having a different refractive index, and a difference in light transmittance may be caused due to a difference in refractive index with another adjacent layer,
- another member eg, polarizer 110, etc.
- the refractive index adjusting layer 140 the refractive index is compensated to reduce the difference in light transmittance of the optical laminate.
- the pattern area and the non-pattern area This distinction is made so that it is not recognized.
- the refractive index of the refractive index adjusting layer 140 may be appropriately selected according to the material of the other adjacent members, preferably 1.4 to 2.6, more preferably, 1.4 to 2.4 It may be. In this case, light loss due to a sharp difference in refractive index between other members such as the polarizer 110 and the transparent conductive layer 200 can be prevented.
- the refractive index control layer 140 is not particularly limited as long as it can prevent a sharp difference in refractive index between other members such as the polarizer 110 and the transparent conductive layer 200, and the refractive index control layer developed conventionally or later.
- a compound used for formation may be used, and for example, it may be formed from a composition for forming a refractive index control layer containing a polymerizable isocyanurate compound.
- the polarizer 100 may further include other functional layers for assisting or reinforcing the characteristics of the polarizer in addition to the above-described functional layer.
- an overcoat It may further include a layer or the like.
- the polarizing plate 100 may have a thickness of 30 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 30 to 170 ⁇ m, and more preferably 50 to 150 ⁇ m. can In this case, while maintaining the optical characteristics of the polarizing plate 100, it is possible to manufacture a thin optical laminate.
- the transparent conductive layer 200 is provided for driving the liquid crystal layer 300 and may be formed by directly contacting the polarizing plate 100 .
- the first transparent conductive layer 200-1 and the second transparent conductive layer 200-2 are the first polarizing plate 100-1 and the second polarizing plate 100-2, respectively. 2) may be formed by direct contact with.
- an optical laminate used for manufacturing a smart window or the like is manufactured by forming a conductive layer for driving a liquid crystal on one surface of a substrate and bonding the other surface of the substrate to a polarizing plate.
- the transmittance variable optical laminate according to the present invention does not include a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer and directly forms the conductive layer on one surface of the polarizing plate, thereby reducing the thickness of the laminate and increasing the transmittance in the light transmission mode. And it is characterized in that the flexural properties are improved.
- the transparent conductive layer 200 may be formed by directly depositing on one surface of the polarizing plate 100 .
- the transparent conductive layer 200 is subjected to a pre-treatment such as corona treatment or plasma treatment on one surface of the polarizing plate 100, followed by pre-treatment of the polarizing plate 100. It may be formed by direct contact with the applied surface.
- the pretreatment is not limited to corona treatment or plasma treatment, and a conventional or later developed pretreatment process may be used within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention.
- the transparent conductive layer 200 is formed with an easy adhesion layer (not shown) provided on one surface of the polarizing plate 100 interposed therebetween to improve adhesion with the polarizing plate 100. It may be formed by direct contact with (100).
- the transparent conductive layer 200 may have visible light transmittance of 50% or more, and may preferably include a conductive polymer. In this case, even if deformation due to external stress is applied to the transparent conductive layer, it is possible to prevent cracks from occurring in the transparent conductive layer, and furthermore, it is possible to prevent an excessive increase in sheet resistance.
- the transparent conductive layer 200 includes a conductive polymer and may have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 10 nm to 500 nm, and more preferably 30 nm to 500 nm. It may be 200 nm. In this case, the transparent conductive layer 200 secures a predetermined transmittance, does not undergo significant change in characteristics due to external stress, and can manufacture a thin optical laminate.
- the transparent conductive layer 200 includes a conductive polymer, and at a tensile strain of more than 1% and less than 10%, at least one of the crack density values calculated according to Equation 1 below is 0 to 10%. It may be 0.05, preferably, it may be 0 to 0.03, more preferably, it may be 0 to 0.01.
- Equation 1 ⁇ is the tensile strain (%), A is the area of the observation area (mm 2 ), and ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the crack density value of the transparent conductive layer calculated from the tensile strain ⁇ , wherein l( ⁇ ) means a crack area (mm 2 ) of the transparent conductive layer in the observation region A measured at a tensile strain ⁇ .
- A may mean an area of an observation area 1000 arbitrarily designated by a user in order to calculate a crack density value of a transparent conductive layer according to tensile strain
- the l( ⁇ ) ) is an image (left) of the transparent conductive layer in the observation area 1000 taken using an optical microscope (OM) or a scanning electron microscope (SEM) Image J (developed by NIH / LOCI) )
- OM optical microscope
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Image J developed by NIH / LOCI
- the crack density value calculated according to Equation 1 closer to 0 means that no cracks occur in the transparent conductive layer, and closer to 1 means that cracks occur on the entire surface of the transparent conductive layer. It can be.
- the transparent conductive layer 200 includes a conductive polymer, and at a tensile strain of 1% or more and 10% or less, the increase rate of at least one of the sheet resistance increase rates calculated according to Equation 2 below is 15% or less It may be, preferably, it may be 0% to 14%.
- Equation 2 ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the sheet resistance increase rate (%) of the transparent conductive layer calculated at the tensile strain ⁇ , and the RS( ⁇ ) is the sheet resistance value of the transparent conductive layer measured at the tensile strain ⁇ ( ⁇ / ⁇ ), and R.S(0) is the sheet resistance value ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the transparent conductive layer measured in an initial state where the tensile strain is 0%, and ⁇ has the same meaning as in Equation 1. )
- the transparent conductive layer 200 has a tensile strain of 1% or more and 10% or less, when at least one of the increase rates of the sheet resistance calculated according to Equation 2 satisfies the above range, the sheet resistance excessively increases according to the change in external stress. It is possible to prevent this from happening, and there is an advantage in that stable driving is possible even against external stress changes.
- conductive polymer conductive polymer materials conventionally or later developed may be used, and examples thereof include polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyaniline, polyacetylene, polydiacetylene, and polyphenylene.
- variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention in addition to a transparent conductive layer containing a conductive polymer, is selected from the group consisting of a transparent conductive oxide, a metal, a carbon-based material, a conductive ink, and a nanowire. It may further include a transparent conductive layer including the above, and may be formed in a structure of two or more layers by combining them.
- the transparent conductive oxide is indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), or gallium zinc oxide (GZO).
- ITO indium tin oxide
- IZO indium zinc oxide
- IZTO indium zinc tin oxide
- AZO aluminum zinc oxide
- GZO gallium zinc oxide
- Florin tin oxide (FTO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) may include one or more selected from the group consisting of the like.
- the metal is gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W) , niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), vanadium (V), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), alloys containing at least one of these, and the like It may include one or more selected from the group consisting of, and may include, for example, a silver-palladium-copper (APC) alloy or a copper-calcium (CuCa) alloy.
- APC silver-palladium-copper
- CuCa copper-calcium
- the carbon-based material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, and the conductive ink may be an ink in which a metal powder and a curable polymer binder are mixed.
- the nanowire may be, for example, silver nanowire (AgNW).
- the transparent conductive layer 200 may be formed by a method commonly used in the field, for example, a spin coat method, a roller coat method, a bar coat method, a dip coat method, a gravure coat method, or a curtain coat method.
- coating processes such as coating, die coating, spray coating, doctor coating, and kneader coating; printing processes such as screen printing, spray printing, inkjet printing, iron plate printing, intaglio printing, flat plate printing; and deposition processes such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD).
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- PECVD plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
- the liquid crystal layer 300 may change the driving mode of the optical stack by adjusting transmittance of light incident from one or more directions according to an electric field.
- the liquid crystal layer 300 may include a liquid crystal compound, and for example, a sealant layer (not shown) provided between the first polarizing plate 100-1 and the second polarizing plate 100-2 in the light control area. not shown) and spacers (not shown).
- the liquid crystal compound is not particularly limited as long as it is driven according to an electric field and can control the transmittance of light, and a conventional or later developed liquid crystal compound may be used.
- a conventional or later developed liquid crystal compound may be used.
- the liquid crystal compound reactive to the above-described coating type polarizer The same information can be applied.
- the liquid crystal behavior method of the liquid crystal layer 300 is not particularly limited, and for example, twisted nematic (TN) mode, super twisted nematic (STN) mode, and vertical alignment (VA) mode may be used.
- TN twisted nematic
- STN super twisted nematic
- VA vertical alignment
- the sealant may include a curable resin as a base resin.
- a curable resin as a base resin.
- an ultraviolet curable resin or a heat curable resin known to be usable for sealants in the art may be used.
- the UV curable resin may be a polymer of UV curable monomers.
- the thermosetting resin may be a polymer of thermosetting monomers.
- the base resin of the sealant for example, an acrylate-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a phenol-based resin, or a mixture of the above resins may be used.
- the base resin may be an acrylate-based resin
- the acrylate-based resin may be a polymer of acrylic monomers.
- the acrylic monomer may be, for example, a multifunctional acrylate.
- the sealant may further include a monomer component in the base resin.
- the monomer component may be, for example, a monofunctional acrylate.
- monofunctional acrylate may mean a compound having one acryl group
- multifunctional acrylate may mean a compound having two or more acryl groups.
- the curable resin may be cured by UV irradiation and/or heating.
- the ultraviolet irradiation conditions or heating conditions may be appropriately performed within a range that does not impair the purpose of the present application.
- the sealant may further include an initiator, for example, a photoinitiator or a thermal initiator, if necessary.
- the sealant may be formed by a method commonly used in the related art, and may be formed, for example, by drawing the sealant on the outside of the liquid crystal layer (ie, the inactive area) using a dispenser equipped with a nozzle. there is.
- the spacer may include at least one of a ball spacer and a column spacer, and is particularly preferably a ball spacer.
- the ball spacer may be one or more, and preferably has a diameter of 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the area occupied by the ball spacer in the liquid crystal layer 300 is 0.01 with respect to the area of the liquid crystal layer 300 in terms of user visibility and transmittance improvement in the light transmission mode. to 10% is preferred.
- the liquid crystal layer 300 may further include an alignment layer 400 as needed (see FIG. 4 ).
- the liquid crystal layer 300 including a liquid crystal compound It may be formed on both sides.
- the alignment layer 400 is not particularly limited as long as it is for adding orientation to the liquid crystal compound.
- the alignment layer 400 may be manufactured by applying and curing an alignment layer coating composition including an alignment polymer, a photopolymerization initiator, and a solvent.
- the orientation polymer is not particularly limited, but polyacrylate-based resins, polyamic acid resins, polyimide-based resins, polymers containing a cinnamate group, etc. can
- variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention may further include other members within a range not impairing the object of the present invention, for example, further including an adhesive layer 500 (see FIG. 4B). It may be, and may further include a UV absorbing layer, a hard coating layer, and the like.
- the adhesive layer 500 may be formed using an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive, and preferably has appropriate adhesive strength, transparency and thermal stability so as not to cause peeling or bubbles when handling the optical laminate. .
- a conventional or later developed adhesive may be used, and for example, a photocurable adhesive may be used.
- the photocurable adhesive is crosslinked and cured by receiving active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays (UV) and electron beams (EB) to exhibit strong adhesive strength, and may be composed of reactive oligomers, reactive monomers, photopolymerization initiators, and the like.
- active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays (UV) and electron beams (EB) to exhibit strong adhesive strength
- UV ultraviolet rays
- EB electron beams
- the reactive oligomer is an important component that determines the properties of an adhesive, and forms a polymer bond through a photopolymerization reaction to form a cured film.
- Reactive oligomers that can be used include polyester-based resins, polyether-based resins, polyurethane-based resins, epoxy-based resins, polyacrylic-based resins, silicone-based resins, and the like.
- the reactive monomer serves as a crosslinking agent and a diluent for the aforementioned reactive oligomer, and affects adhesive properties.
- Reactive monomers that can be used include monofunctional monomers, polyfunctional monomers, epoxy-based monomers, vinyl ethers, and cyclic ethers.
- the photopolymerization initiator serves to initiate photopolymerization by absorbing light energy to generate radicals or cations, and an appropriate one may be selected and used according to the photopolymerization resin.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive may use conventional or later developed pressure-sensitive adhesives, and in one or more embodiments, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives, rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, urethane-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, polyvinyl alcohol-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, polyvinylpyrrolidone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, poly Acrylamide-based adhesives, cellulose-based adhesives, vinylalkyl ether-based adhesives, and the like can be used.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive is not particularly limited as long as it has adhesive strength and viscoelasticity, but may be preferably an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive in terms of availability, etc., and includes, for example, a (meth)acrylate copolymer, a crosslinking agent, and a solvent. it may be
- the crosslinking agent may use conventional or later developed crosslinking agents, and may include, for example, polyisocyanate compounds, epoxy resins, melamine resins, urea resins, dialdehydes, methylol polymers, etc., preferably. It may contain a polyisocyanate compound.
- the solvent may include a common solvent used in the resin composition field, and examples thereof include alcohol-based compounds such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, and propylene glycol methoxy alcohol; ketone compounds such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone, and dipropyl ketone; acetate-based compounds such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and propylene glycol methoxy acetate; cellosolve compounds such as methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, and propyl cellosolve; Solvents such as hydrocarbon-based compounds such as hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene, and xylene may be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- alcohol-based compounds such as methanol,
- the thickness of the adhesive layer 500 may be appropriately determined depending on the type of resin serving as the adhesive, adhesive strength, and the environment in which the adhesive is used.
- the adhesive layer may be 0.01 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, in order to secure sufficient adhesive strength and minimize the thickness of the optical laminate. It may have a thickness of ⁇ m.
- the ultraviolet ray absorbing layer is not particularly limited as long as it is for preventing deterioration of the optical laminate due to ultraviolet rays.
- salicylic acid-based ultraviolet absorbers phenyl salicylate, p-tert-butyl salicylate, etc.
- benzophenone Paddy-based UV absorbers (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, etc.
- benzotriazole-based UV absorbers (2-(2'-hydroxy- 5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl -5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3
- triazine-based UV absorbers etc.
- benzotriazole-based UV absorbers or triazine-based UV absorbers are preferred, which have high transparency and have an excellent effect of preventing deterioration of the polarizing plate or transmittance variable layer, and have a more appropriate spectral absorption spectrum.
- Triazole-based UV absorbers are highly desirable
- the benzotriazole-based UV absorber may be bis-formed, for example, 6,6'-methylenebis(2-(2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl) -4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol), 6,6'-methylenebis(2-(2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl )-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol) and the like.
- the hard coating layer is not particularly limited as long as it is for protecting members such as a polarizing plate and a variable transmittance layer from external physical and chemical impacts, and a conventional or later developed hard coating layer may be used.
- the hard coating layer may be formed by applying a composition for forming a hard coating layer on another member and then curing the composition by light or heat.
- the composition for forming the hard coating layer is not particularly limited, and may include, for example, a photocurable compound and a photoinitiator.
- the photocurable compound and the photoinitiator may be those generally used in the art without limitation, and for example, the photocurable compound may be a photopolymerizable monomer, a photopolymerizable oligomer, etc., for example, monofunctional and/or multifunctional. (meth)acrylates are mentioned, and photoinitiators include oxime esters.
- the present invention in addition to the variable transmittance optical laminate, includes a smart window including the same.
- the present invention includes a vehicle in which the smart window is applied to at least one or more of a front window, a rear window, a side window, a sunroof window, and an internal partition, and windows and doors for buildings including the smart window.
- a polarizing plate was prepared by bonding a triacetyl cellulose film (25 ⁇ m TAC, manufactured by Konica) and a cycloolefin film (23 ⁇ m COP, manufactured by Zeon) to both sides of a polyvinyl alcohol-based polarizer (12 ⁇ m) through an adhesive, respectively.
- a PEDOT composition is applied to the cycloolefin film surface of the polarizing plate and dried at 90 ° C. for about 5 to 10 minutes to form a transparent conductive layer having a thickness of 100 nm, thereby forming a transparent conductive layer formed of a conductive polymer on one surface of the polarizing plate.
- the electrode laminated member of the example of doing was produced.
- the PEDOT composition was prepared by mixing coating solution 1 and coating solution 2 in a 1:1 ratio.
- the coating solution 1 contains 60 to 65% by weight of Ethenyl benzenesulfonic acid homopolymer compound with 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b]-1,4-dioxin homopolymer (water based), 15 to 15% by weight of ethyl alcohol, based on the total weight of the coating solution.
- a mixture of 20% by weight and 20 to 25% by weight of deionized water was used, and the coating liquid 2 contained 0.5 to 1.0% by weight of polyester resin (25% solids, water based), 65 to 75 ethyl alcohol, based on the total weight of the coating liquid.
- a mixture of 20 to 25% by weight and deionized water was used.
- a polarizing plate was prepared by bonding a triacetyl cellulose film (25 ⁇ m TAC, manufactured by Konica) and a cycloolefin film (23 ⁇ m COP, manufactured by Zeon) to both sides of a polyvinyl alcohol-based polarizer (12 ⁇ m) through an adhesive, respectively.
- ITO was sputtered on the cycloolefin film surface of the polarizing plate to form a transparent conductive layer having a thickness of 100 nm, thereby manufacturing an electrode laminated member of a comparative example including a transparent conductive layer formed of ITO on one surface of the polarizing plate.
- Sheet resistance value ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) 130 269 1800 2100 3700 5800 4900000 Increase in sheet resistance (%) - 106.92 1284.62 1515.39 2746.15 4361.54 3769131
- the electrode laminated member of the embodiment including the transparent conductive layer formed of a conductive polymer has a crack density value of 0 (zero) for a tensile strain of more than 0% and less than 10%, and 1% It can be seen that the sheet resistance increase rate for the tensile strain of 10% or less is 11.26% to 13.91%.
- the electrode laminated member of Comparative Example including a transparent conductive layer formed of ITO has a crack density value of 0.09 to 0.72 for a tensile strain of greater than 1% and less than 10%, and a tensile strain of 1% or more and 10% or less. It can be seen that the sheet resistance increase rate is 106.92% to 3,769,131%.
- the electrode laminated member of the comparative example has cracks having a crack density value exceeding 0.05, whereas the electrode laminated member of the embodiment has a crack density value of 0 and no cracks occur. Without doing so, it can be seen that the electrode laminated member of the embodiment has an excellent crack prevention effect.
- the sheet resistance of the electrode laminated member of the comparative example increases by 2 or more times, whereas the sheet resistance of the electrode laminated member of the example increases in the range of 15% or less, so that the electrode of the example It can be seen that the laminated member has an excellent effect of reducing the sheet resistance increase rate.
- the conductive layer includes a conductive polymer material to prevent cracks due to external stress changes, thereby improving drive stability for various shapes compared to conventional optical laminates.
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Abstract
Description
실시예 | |||||||
인장변형률(%) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 10 |
크랙밀도값 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
면저항값(Ω/□) | 151 | 168 | 170 | 172 | 170 | 168 | 171 |
면저항증가율(%) | - | 11.26 | 12.58 | 13.91 | 12.58 | 11.26 | 13.25 |
비교예 | |||||||
인장변형률 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 10 |
크랙밀도값 | 0 | 0 | 0.09 | 0.23 | 0.40 | 0.58 | 0.72 |
면저항값(Ω/□) | 130 | 269 | 1800 | 2100 | 3700 | 5800 | 4900000 |
면저항증가율(%) | - | 106.92 | 1284.62 | 1515.39 | 2746.15 | 4361.54 | 3769131 |
Claims (17)
- 제1 편광판;상기 제1 편광판의 일면 상에 형성되는, 제1 투명 도전층;상기 제1 편광판과 대향하는, 제2 편광판;상기 제2 편광판의 일면 상에 형성되며, 상기 제1 투명 도전층과 대향하는, 제2 투명 도전층; 및상기 제1 투명 도전층 및 제2 투명 도전층 사이에 구비되는, 액정층을 포함하며,상기 제1 투명 도전층 및 제2 투명 도전층 중 적어도 하나의 투명 도전층은, 상기 제1 편광판 및 제2 편광판 중 어느 하나의 편광판과 직접 접촉하여 형성되며,상기 제1 투명 도전층 및 제2 투명 도전층 중 적어도 하나의 투명 도전층은, 전도성 고분자를 포함하며,상기 제1 투명 도전층 및 제2 투명 도전층 중 적어도 하나의 투명 도전층은, 1% 초과 10% 이하의 인장 변형률에서, 하기 식 1에 따라 산출된 크랙 밀도 값 중 적어도 하나의 값이 0 내지 0.05인, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.[식 1]ρ(ε) = ℓ(ε)/A(상기 식 1에서, 상기 ε은, 인장 변형률(%)이고, 상기 A는, 관측 영역의 면적(mm2)이고, 상기 ρ(ε)은, 인장 변형률 ε에서 산출된 투명 도전층의 크랙 밀도 값이고, 상기 ℓ(ε)은, 인장 변형률 ε에서 측정된 관측 영역 A 에서의 투명 도전층의 크랙 면적(mm2)을 의미한다.)
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 투명 도전층 및 제2 투명 도전층 중 적어도 하나의 투명 도전층은, ε이 2%일 때, 상기 식 1에 따라 산출된 크랙 밀도 값이 0인, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 투명 도전층 및 상기 제2 투명 도전층 중 적어도 하나의 투명 도전층은, 1% 이상 10% 이하의 인장 변형률에서, 하기 식 2에 따라 산출된 면저항 증가율 중 적어도 하나의 증가율이 15% 이하인, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.[식 2]δ(ε) = [{R.S(ε)/R.S(0)}-1] * 100(상기 식 2에서, 상기 δ(ε)은, 인장 변형률 ε에서 산출된 투명 도전층의 면저항 증가율(%)이고, 상기 R.S(ε)은, 인장 변형률 ε에서 측정된 투명 도전층의 면저항 값(Ω/□)이고, 상기 R.S(0)은, 인장 변형률이 0%인 초기 상태에서 측정된 투명 도전층의 면저항 값(Ω/□)이고, 상기 ε는, 식 1에서와 동일한 의미를 나타낸다.)
- 청구항 3에 있어서, 상기 제1 투명 도전층 및 제2 투명 도전층 중 적어도 하나의 투명 도전층은, ε이 1%일 때, 상기 식 2에 따라 산출된 면저항 증가율이 15% 이하인, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 전도성 고분자는, 폴리티오펜, 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜), 폴리아닐린, 폴리아세틸렌, 폴리디아세틸렌, 폴리페닐렌, 폴리페닐렌비닐렌, 폴리페닐렌설파이드, 폴리티에닐렌비닐렌, 폴리티오펜비닐렌, 폴리플루오렌, 폴리피롤, 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):폴리스티렌설포네이트, 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):캄파설폰산, 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):톨루엔설폰산, 폴리(3,4-에틸렌디옥시티오펜):도데실벤젠설폰산, 폴리아닐린:폴리스티렌설포네이트, 폴리아닐린:캄파설폰산, 폴리피롤:폴리스티렌설포네이트, 폴리피롤:캄파설폰산, 폴리피롤:톨루엔설폰산, 폴리피롤:도데실벤젠설폰산, 폴리티오펜:폴리스티렌설포네이트, 폴리티오펜:캄파설폰산, 폴리티오펜:톨루엔설폰산, 및 폴리티오펜:도데실벤젠설폰산로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 투명 도전층 및 제2 투명 도전층 중 적어도 하나의 투명 도전층은, 상기 제1 편광판 및 제2 편광판 중 어느 하나의 편광판과의 사이에 별도의 기재를 포함하지 않고, 직접 접촉하여 형성되는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 투명 도전층 및 제2 투명 도전층 중 적어도 하나의 투명 도전층은, 상기 제1 편광판 및 제2 편광판 중 어느 하나의 편광판과의 사이에 접착 용이층을 포함하여, 직접 접촉하여 형성되는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 편광판 및 제2 편광판 중 적어도 하나의 편광판은, 보호층, 위상차 조절층 및 굴절률 조절층으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 기능층을 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 편광판 및 상기 제2 편광판은, 30㎛ 내지 200㎛의 두께를 갖는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 액정층은, 볼 스페이서(Ball spacer) 및 컬럼 스페이서(Column spacer)로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 10에 있어서, 상기 볼 스페이서(Ball spacer)는, 직경이 1㎛ 내지 10㎛인, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 10에 있어서, 상기 볼 스페이서(Ball spacer)의 액정층 내에서의 점유 면적은, 액정층 면적의 0.01% 내지 10%인, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 투과율 가변 광학 적층체는, 배향막, 점접착층, 자외선 흡수층 및 하드 코팅층으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 더 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1 내지 13 중 어느 한 항의 투과율 가변 광학 적층체의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1 내지 13 중 어느 한 항의 투과율 가변 광학 적층체를 포함하는, 스마트 윈도우.
- 청구항 15의 스마트 윈도우를 전면창, 후면창, 측면창, 썬루프창, 및 내부 칸막이 중 적어도 하나 이상에 적용한, 자동차.
- 청구항 15의 스마트 윈도우를 포함하는, 건물용 창호.
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JP2018010035A (ja) | 2016-07-11 | 2018-01-18 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 調光フィルム |
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JP2020144199A (ja) * | 2019-03-05 | 2020-09-10 | 日東電工株式会社 | 導電層付き偏光フィルムおよびその製造方法 |
JP2020160427A (ja) * | 2019-03-20 | 2020-10-01 | 日東電工株式会社 | 粘着剤層付偏光フィルム、画像表示パネル及び画像表示装置 |
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KR20160025494A (ko) * | 2013-06-28 | 2016-03-08 | 닛토덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 광학 필름용 점착제 조성물, 광학 필름용 점착제층, 점착제층이 부착된 광학 필름, 액정 표시 장치, 및, 적층체 |
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