WO2022255741A1 - 광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우 및 이를 적용한 자동차 또는 건물용 창호 - Google Patents
광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우 및 이를 적용한 자동차 또는 건물용 창호 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022255741A1 WO2022255741A1 PCT/KR2022/007590 KR2022007590W WO2022255741A1 WO 2022255741 A1 WO2022255741 A1 WO 2022255741A1 KR 2022007590 W KR2022007590 W KR 2022007590W WO 2022255741 A1 WO2022255741 A1 WO 2022255741A1
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- optical laminate
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- polarizing plate
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- transparent conductive
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- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
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- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a variable transmittance optical laminate, a manufacturing method thereof, a smart window including the same, and windows and doors for automobiles or buildings to which the same is applied.
- an external light blocking coating is applied to a window of a means of transportation such as a vehicle.
- the transmittance of a window of a conventional means of transportation is fixed, and the external light blocking coating also has a fixed transmittance. Therefore, the entire transmittance of the window of the conventional means of transportation is fixed, which may cause an accident. For example, if the overall transmittance is set low, there is no problem during the day when the ambient light is sufficient. However, there is a problem in that the driver or the like has difficulty in properly checking the surroundings of the means of transportation at night when the amount of ambient light is not sufficient.
- variable transmittance optical laminate is driven by driving the liquid crystal according to the application of voltage and changing the transmittance.
- the variable transmittance optical laminate developed to date is formed by patterning a conductive layer for driving the liquid crystal on a separate substrate. Then, it is manufactured by combining it with other elements such as a polarizing plate.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2018-010035 also discloses a variable transmittance optical laminate including a transparent electrode layer formed on a polycarbonate (PC) substrate having a predetermined thickness.
- PC polycarbonate
- An object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical laminate having a simplified manufacturing process by not including a separate substrate for forming a conductive layer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical laminate having a significantly reduced thickness by not including a separate substrate for forming a conductive layer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a smart window including the variable transmittance optical laminate and a window for a vehicle or building to which the same is applied.
- the present invention relates to an optical laminate comprising a polarizing plate stacked on both sides of a liquid crystal layer driven by an electric field therebetween, wherein the polarizing plate includes a polarizer and a protective layer formed on at least one surface of the polarizer, and is transparent.
- the conductive layer is formed in direct contact with the polarizing plate, and the optical laminate relates to a variable transmittance optical laminate in which a total light transmittance is changed according to voltage application.
- the transparent conductive layer may be formed in direct contact with the polarizing plate without including a separate substrate between the polarizing plate and the transparent conductive layer.
- the transparent conductive layer may be formed by directly contacting the polarizing plate with an easy-adhesive layer between the polarizing plate and the transparent conductive layer.
- the transparent conductive layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of transparent conductive oxides, metals, carbon-based materials, conductive polymers, conductive inks, and nanowires. .
- the polarizing plate may further include an optical function layer.
- the optical function layer may include a retardation film.
- the protective layer includes polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene isophthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, diacetyl cellulose, triacetyl cellulose, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, It may include at least one selected from the group consisting of polymethyl (meth) acrylate, polyethyl (meth) acrylate, and cyclic olefin-based polymers.
- the present invention may further include a refractive index adjusting layer having a refractive index of 1.4 to 2.6 between the polarizing plate and the transparent conductive layer.
- the polarizing plate may have a thickness of 30 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the liquid crystal layer may include an alignment film formed on at least one surface.
- the liquid crystal layer comprises twisted nematic (TN), super-twisted nematic (STN), in-plane switching (IPS), fringe field switching (FFS), and plane line switching (PLS). ), advanced high-performance IPS (AH-IPS), polymer sustained alignment (PSA), and vertical alignment (VA).
- TN twisted nematic
- STN super-twisted nematic
- IPS in-plane switching
- FFS fringe field switching
- PLS plane line switching
- AH-IPS advanced high-performance IPS
- PSA polymer sustained alignment
- VA vertical alignment
- the liquid crystal layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a ball spacer and a column spacer.
- the ball spacer may have a diameter of 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the ball spacer may occupy 0.01 to 10% of the area of the liquid crystal layer in the liquid crystal layer.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing the variable transmittance optical laminate.
- the present invention relates to a smart window including the variable transmittance optical laminate.
- the present invention relates to a vehicle in which the smart window is applied to at least one or more of a front window, a rear window, a side window, a sunroof window, and an interior partition.
- the present invention relates to a window for a building, including the smart window.
- the conductive layer is formed directly on one surface of the polarizing plate, and the thickness is significantly reduced compared to the conventional optical laminate by not including a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer. have.
- variable transmittance optical laminate it is possible to omit the process of forming a conductive layer on a substrate and bonding it to another member for the formation of a conventional optical laminate, so that conventional optical Compared to the laminate, the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate in which another layer is combined according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate in which another layer is combined according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a view showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate formed on one side of the adhesive according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a view showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate in which another layer is combined according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate formed according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically illustrating steps of manufacturing a polarizing plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically illustrating a process of forming a variable transmittance optical stack by forming a conductive layer on a polarizing plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically illustrating a process of forming a variable transmittance optical stack in which another layer is combined according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically illustrating a process of forming a variable transmittance optical stack in which another layer is combined according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically illustrating a process of forming a variable transmittance optical laminate in which another layer is combined according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a variable transmittance optical laminate that does not include a separate substrate for forming a conductive layer by directly forming a conductive layer for driving a liquid crystal on one surface of a polarizing plate.
- the polarizing plate includes a polarizer and a protective layer formed on at least one surface of the polarizer,
- the transparent conductive layer is formed in direct contact with the polarizing plate, and the optical laminate relates to a variable transmittance optical laminate in which a total light transmittance is changed according to voltage application.
- spatially relative terms “below”, “bottom”, “lower”, “above”, “upper”, “upper”, etc. refer to one element or component and another element or component as shown in the drawings. It can be used to easily describe the correlation with Spatially relative terms should be understood as encompassing different orientations of elements in use or operation in addition to the orientations shown in the figures. For example, when elements shown in the drawings are turned over, elements described as “below” or “below” other elements may be placed “above” the other elements. Accordingly, the exemplary term “below” may include directions of both down and up. Elements may also be oriented in other orientations, and thus spatially relative terms may be interpreted according to orientation.
- planar direction may be interpreted as a direction orthogonal to the polarizing plate and/or the transparent conductive layer, that is, a direction viewed from the user's viewing side.
- variable transmittance optical stack 100 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the variable transmittance optical stack 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a liquid crystal layer 110 , a polarizer 120 and a transparent conductive layer 130 .
- the variable transmittance optical stack 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention may change the total light transmittance according to voltage application.
- the optical laminate 100 may have a total light transmittance of 5 to 45% according to voltage application.
- variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention is particularly suitable for technical fields capable of changing light transmittance according to the application of voltage, and can be used, for example, in a smart window.
- a smart window refers to a window that controls the amount of light or heat passing through by changing the transmittance of light according to the application of an electrical signal. That is, the smart window is provided to be changed into a transparent, opaque or semi-transparent state by voltage, and is also called variable transmittance glass, dimming glass, or “smart” glass.
- a smart window can be used as a partition for partitioning the interior space of vehicles and buildings or for protecting privacy, or as a skylight placed in an opening of a building, and can be used as a highway sign, bulletin board, scoreboard, clock or advertising screen. It can also be used, and it can be used as a substitute for the glass of vehicles such as windows or sunroofs of cars, buses, aircrafts, ships, or trains.
- variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention can also be used as a smart window in various technical fields described above, but since the transparent conductive layer 130 is directly formed on the polarizer 120, the transparent conductive layer 130 Since it does not include a separate substrate for formation, it is thin and advantageous in bending properties, so it can be particularly suitably used for smart windows for vehicles or buildings.
- the smart window to which the variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention is applied can be used for front windows, rear windows, side windows and sunroof windows of vehicles, or windows and doors for buildings, In addition to the use of blocking external light, it can also be used for partitioning the interior space of a car or building, such as an interior partition, or for protecting privacy.
- the liquid crystal layer 110 is driven by an electric field.
- the liquid crystal layer 110 may be positioned between first and second polarizers positioned in the light control area of the optical stack 100 .
- the liquid crystal layer 110 may be positioned in a space provided by a sealant layer and a spacer between the first and second polarizers in the light control area.
- the liquid crystal layer 110 can adjust transmittance of light incident from an external light source according to an electric field formed between the first and second conductive layers.
- the liquid crystal layer 110 may include twisted nematic (TN), super-twisted nematic (STN), in-plane switching (IPS), fringe field switching (FFS), and plane line switching (PLS). ), AH-IPS (Advanced high-performance IPS), PSA (Polymer Sustained Alignment), and VA (Vertical Alignment).
- TN twisted nematic
- STN super-twisted nematic
- IPS in-plane switching
- FFS fringe field switching
- PLS plane line switching
- AH-IPS Advanced high-performance IPS
- PSA Polymer Sustained Alignment
- VA Very Alignment
- the liquid crystal layer 110 may include one or more spacers selected from the group consisting of a ball spacer and a column spacer, and in particular, a ball spacer. (Ball spacer) is preferred.
- the ball spacer may be one or more, and preferably has a diameter of 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the area occupied by the ball spacer in the liquid crystal layer 110 is, in terms of user visibility and transmittance improvement in the light transmission mode, the liquid crystal layer ( 110) is preferably 0.01 to 10% with respect to the area.
- the polarizing plate 120 may include a polarizer and a protective layer formed on at least one surface of the polarizer, and two different polarizing plates 120 may be positioned on both sides of the liquid crystal layer 110 .
- the mutual angle formed by the absorption axes of the two different polarizers 120 may be vertical or horizontal, and also minimize transmittance. It may be preferably formed to be 5 to 85 degrees to secure.
- the polarizing plate 120 transmits the sporadically pouring light in one direction, and the transmittance of the optical stack may be adjusted by adjusting the amount of light passing through using the polarization property of the polarizing plate 120 .
- the protective layer may be a member for preserving polarization characteristics of the polarizer from subsequent processes and external environments.
- the protective layer may serve to provide a structural base on which the transparent conductive layer 130 described below can be formed. It is desirable to have a characteristic that the formation of is easy.
- the protective layer may be present only on one side of the polarizer, or may be provided on both sides of the polarizer.
- the two different passivation layers may include substantially the same or similar materials.
- the protective layer may be a polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene isophthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, or polybutylene terephthalate; cellulosic resins such as diacetyl cellulose and triacetyl cellulose; polycarbonate-based resins; polyethylene resin; polypropylene resin; acrylic resins such as polymethyl (meth)acrylate and polyethyl (meth)acrylate; And it may include a cyclic olefin-based polymer (COP) and the like.
- COP cyclic olefin-based polymer
- the polarizer of the polarizer 120 may include a stretchable polarizer or may be provided as a stretchable polarizer.
- the stretchable polarizer may include a stretched polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin.
- the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin may be a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate-based resin.
- Examples of the polyvinyl acetate-based resin include polyvinyl acetate, which is a homopolymer of vinyl acetate, and copolymers of vinyl acetate and other monomers copolymerizable therewith.
- the other monomers may include unsaturated carboxylic acid-based, unsaturated sulfonic acid-based, olefin-based, vinyl ether-based, and acrylamide-based monomers having an ammonium group.
- the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin is modified, and may be polyvinyl formal or polyvinyl acetal modified with aldehydes.
- the polarizer 120 may include a coated polarizer.
- the coating-type polarizer may be formed of a liquid crystal coating composition, for example, by applying the liquid crystal coating composition on the upper surface of the protective layer.
- the liquid crystal coating composition may include a reactive liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye.
- the reactive liquid crystal compound may include a reactive mesogen (RM) capable of exhibiting liquid crystallinity and/or a polymerizable terminal functional group, and may include monomer molecules having a liquid crystal phase after a crosslinking reaction by heat or light.
- RM reactive mesogen
- the reactive liquid crystal compound is polymerized by light or heat, a polymer network may be formed while the liquid crystal arrangement is maintained.
- the dichroic dye is a component that is included in the composition for liquid crystal coating and imparts polarization characteristics, and has a property in which absorbance in the long-axis direction and absorbance in the short-axis direction of the molecule are different.
- the dichroic dye may use a conventional or later developed dichroic dye, and may include, for example, an acridine dye, an oxazine dye, a cyanine dye, a naphthalene dye, an azo dye, an anthraquinone dye, and the like, , These may be used alone or in combination.
- the liquid crystal coating composition may further include a solvent capable of dissolving the reactive liquid crystal compound and the dichroic dye, for example, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), xylene (Xylene) and chloroform may be used.
- the liquid crystal coating composition may further include a leveling agent, a polymerization initiator, and the like within a range that does not impair the polarization properties of the coating film.
- the polarizing plate 120 may be formed by including a member having alignment properties.
- an alignment layer coating composition including an alignment polymer, a photopolymerization initiator, and a solvent is coated and cured on a protective layer to achieve the alignment properties.
- the orientation polymer is not particularly limited, but polyacrylate-based resins, polyamic acid resins, polyimide-based resins, polymers containing a cinnamate group, etc. can
- the polarizing plate may further include an overcoat layer, for example, positioned on an upper surface of the layer formed of the liquid crystal coating composition, and may be provided to face the member having alignment. have.
- a protective film may be further provided on the upper surface of the overcoat layer.
- the polarizing plate may have a laminated structure of a member having an alignment film property, a layer formed of a composition for liquid crystal coating, an overcoat layer, and a protective film. As a result, mechanical durability is further improved while maintaining transmittance at a certain level. It can be.
- the polarizing plate 120 may include an optical functional layer to improve optical properties of the optical laminate.
- the optical function layer may be provided on at least one surface of the protective layer, for example, may be provided on the upper surface of the protective layer.
- the optical function layer is not particularly limited as long as it is for reinforcing or supplementing the optical function of the polarizing plate 120.
- a quarter wave plate (1/4 wave plate) In order to delay the phase of light passing through the liquid crystal layer, a quarter wave plate (1/4 wave plate) ), retardation films such as half-wave plates (half-wave plates), and these may be used alone or in combination.
- the retardation film may be manufactured by including an obliquely stretched resin film, a liquid crystal coating layer, and the like, and conventional or later developed retardation films may be used.
- the polarizing plate 120 may have a thickness of 30 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 30 to 170 ⁇ m, and more preferably, 50 to 150 ⁇ m. In this case, while the polarizing plate 120 maintains optical properties, it is possible to manufacture a thin optical laminate.
- the polarizing plate 120 may have a curved shape for manufacturing an optical laminate having a curved surface, and for example, any one of two different polarizing plates 120 stacked on both sides of the liquid crystal layer 110 It may be formed in a shape curved toward one polarizing plate.
- the transparent conductive layer 130 may be formed on one surface of the polarizing plate 120 , and may be formed in direct contact with the polarizing plate 120 . Being formed in direct contact with the polarizing plate 120 means that the transparent conductive layer 130 shares a contact surface with the polarizing plate 120 and is provided on the polarizing plate 120 without a separate substrate. For example, the transparent conductive layer 130 may be deposited and formed on the upper surface of the protective layer formed on the polarizing plate 120 .
- the transparent conductive layer 130 is subjected to a pre-treatment such as corona treatment or plasma treatment on one surface of the polarizing plate in order to improve adhesion with the polarizing plate 120, and then the surface of the polarizing plate pre-treated. It may be formed in direct contact with.
- the pretreatment is not limited to corona treatment or plasma treatment, and a conventional or later developed pretreatment process may be used within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention.
- the transparent conductive layer 130 is formed in direct contact with the polarizing plate, with an easy-adhesive layer provided on one surface of the polarizing plate therebetween, in order to improve adhesion with the polarizing plate 120. it may be
- the transparent conductive layer 130 preferably has a visible light transmittance of 50% or more, for example, one selected from the group consisting of transparent conductive oxides, metals, carbon-based materials, conductive polymers, conductive inks, and nanowires. It may include the above, but is not limited thereto, and a material of a transparent conductive layer conventionally or later developed may be used.
- the transparent conductive oxide is indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), or gallium zinc oxide (GZO).
- ITO indium tin oxide
- IZO indium zinc oxide
- IZTO indium zinc tin oxide
- AZO aluminum zinc oxide
- GZO gallium zinc oxide
- Florin tin oxide (FTO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) may include one or more selected from the group consisting of the like.
- the metal is gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W) , niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), vanadium (V), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), alloys containing at least one of these, and the like It may include one or more selected from the group consisting of, and may include, for example, a silver-palladium-copper (APC) alloy or a copper-calcium (CuCa) alloy.
- APC silver-palladium-copper
- CuCa copper-calcium
- the carbon-based material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, and the conductive polymer may be polypyrrole, polythiophene, etc. , polyacetylene, PEDOT, polyaniline, and the like.
- the conductive ink may be an ink in which metal powder and a curable polymer binder are mixed, and the nanowires may be, for example, silver nanowires (AgNW).
- the transparent conductive layer 130 may be formed by, for example, a deposition process such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), screen printing, gravure printing, reverse offset It may be formed through a printing process such as (reverse offset) or ink jet, a dry or wet plating process, or the like.
- the transparent conductive layer 130 may be formed in a structure of two or more layers by combining the above materials. For example, it may be formed as a two-layer structure including a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer to reduce reflectance of incident light and increase transmittance.
- the optical laminate 200 is a view showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate 200 to which another layer is combined according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical laminate 200 according to the embodiment of FIG. 2 further includes a liquid crystal layer 110, a polarizing plate 120, a conductive layer 130, and an alignment film 140 formed on at least one surface of the liquid crystal layer 110. can do.
- the alignment layer 140 may have substantially the same characteristics as those described in the above-described member having alignment properties, and may be formed, for example, by applying an alignment material such as polyimide and then performing a rubbing process. have.
- FIG 3 is a view showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate 300 to which another layer is combined according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical stack 300 may further include a liquid crystal layer 110, a polarizer 120, a transparent conductive layer 130, an alignment layer 140, and a refractive index control layer 150.
- the refractive index control layer 150 is provided to compensate for a difference in transmittance of the optical laminate due to the transparent conductive layer 130, and may serve to improve visibility by reducing the difference in refractive index. have.
- the refractive index adjusting layer 150 may be provided to correct color caused by the transparent conductive layer 130 .
- the transparent conductive layer 130 has a pattern, the difference in transmittance between the pattern area where the pattern is formed and the non-pattern area where the pattern is not formed can be compensated for through the refractive index control layer 150. .
- the transparent conductive layer 130 is laminated adjacent to another member (eg, polarizer 120, etc.) having a different refractive index, and a difference in light transmittance may be caused due to a difference in refractive index with another adjacent layer,
- another member eg, polarizer 120, etc.
- the refractive index adjusting layer 150 is located between the polarizing plate 120 and the transparent conductive layer 130 to compensate for the refractive index, thereby reducing the difference in light transmittance of the optical laminate, in particular
- the pattern area and the non-pattern area are distinguished so as not to be visually recognized.
- the refractive index of the refractive index control layer 150 may be preset to be greater than the refractive index of the protective layer of the polarizing plate 120 and less than or equal to the refractive index of the transparent conductive layer 130 .
- the refractive index may be appropriately selected depending on the materials of the polarizer 120 and the transparent conductive layer 130, but is preferably 1.4 to 2.6, more preferably 1.4 to 2.4. As such, since the refractive index adjusting layer 150 is set to a predetermined refractive index, light loss due to a sharp difference in refractive index between the polarizing plate 120 and the transparent conductive layer 130 can be prevented.
- the refractive index control layer 150 is not particularly limited as long as it can prevent a sharp refractive index difference between the polarizing plate 120 and the transparent conductive layer 130, and includes, for example, a polymerizable isocyanurate compound. It may be formed from a composition for forming a refractive index control layer.
- Figure 4 is a view showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate formed on one side of the adhesive according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical laminate 300 according to the embodiment of FIG. 4 may further include an adhesive layer 124 on one surface of the optical laminate 300 according to the embodiment of FIG. 3 .
- the adhesive agent 124 may be formed using an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive, and has appropriate adhesive strength so that peeling, bubbles, etc. do not occur when handling the optical laminate 300, and at the same time, transparency and thermal stability. it is desirable
- a conventional or later developed adhesive may be used, and for example, a photocurable adhesive may be used.
- the photocurable adhesive is crosslinked and cured by receiving active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays (UV) and electron beams (EB) to exhibit strong adhesive strength, and may be composed of reactive oligomers, reactive monomers, photopolymerization initiators, and the like.
- active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays (UV) and electron beams (EB) to exhibit strong adhesive strength
- UV ultraviolet rays
- EB electron beams
- the reactive oligomer is an important component that determines the properties of an adhesive, and forms a polymer bond through a photopolymerization reaction to form a cured film.
- Reactive oligomers that can be used include polyester-based resins, polyether-based resins, polyurethane-based resins, epoxy-based resins, polyacrylic-based resins, silicone-based resins, and the like.
- the reactive monomer serves as a crosslinking agent and a diluent for the aforementioned reactive oligomer, and affects adhesive properties.
- Reactive monomers that can be used include monofunctional monomers, polyfunctional monomers, epoxy-based monomers, vinyl ethers, and cyclic ethers.
- the photopolymerization initiator serves to initiate photopolymerization by absorbing light energy to generate radicals or cations, and an appropriate one may be selected and used according to the photopolymerization resin.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive may use conventional or later developed pressure-sensitive adhesives, and in one or more embodiments, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives, rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, urethane-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, polyvinyl alcohol-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, polyvinylpyrrolidone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, poly Acrylamide-based adhesives, cellulose-based adhesives, vinylalkyl ether-based adhesives, and the like can be used.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive is not particularly limited as long as it has adhesive strength and viscoelasticity, but may be preferably an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive in terms of availability, etc., and includes, for example, a (meth)acrylate copolymer, a crosslinking agent, and a solvent. it may be
- the crosslinking agent may use conventional or later developed crosslinking agents, and may include, for example, polyisocyanate compounds, epoxy resins, melamine resins, urea resins, dialdehydes, methylol polymers, etc., preferably. It may contain a polyisocyanate compound.
- the solvent may include a common solvent used in the resin composition field, and examples thereof include alcohol-based compounds such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, and propylene glycol methoxy alcohol; ketone compounds such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone, and dipropyl ketone; acetate-based compounds such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and propylene glycol methoxy acetate; cellosolve compounds such as methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, and propyl cellosolve; Solvents such as hydrocarbon-based compounds such as hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene, and xylene may be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- alcohol-based compounds such as methanol,
- the thickness of the adhesive layer may be appropriately determined depending on the type of resin serving as the adhesive, adhesive strength, and the environment in which the adhesive is used.
- the adhesive layer may be 0.01 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably, in order to secure sufficient adhesive strength and minimize the thickness of the optical laminate. It may have a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the optical laminate 400 includes a liquid crystal layer (not shown), a polarizing plate 120, a conductive layer 130, an alignment film 140, a refractive index control layer 150, and a liquid crystal layer on the outside.
- the formed sealant layer 160 may be further included.
- the sealant layer 160 is for bonding two different polarizing plates, and may be located in an inactive area between the two different polarizing plates.
- the sealant layer 160 together with a spacer may secure a space between two polarizing plates in which the liquid crystal layer is provided.
- the sealant layer 160 may include a curable resin as a base resin.
- a curable resin as a base resin.
- an ultraviolet curable resin or a heat curable resin known to be usable for sealants in the art may be used.
- the UV curable resin may be a polymer of UV curable monomers.
- the thermosetting resin may be a polymer of thermosetting monomers.
- the base resin of the sealant for example, an acrylate-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a phenol-based resin, or a mixture of the above resins may be used.
- the base resin may be an acrylate-based resin
- the acrylate-based resin may be a polymer of acrylic monomers.
- the acrylic monomer may be, for example, a multifunctional acrylate.
- the sealant may further include a monomer component in the base resin.
- the monomer component may be, for example, a monofunctional acrylate.
- monofunctional acrylate may mean a compound having one acryl group
- multifunctional acrylate may mean a compound having two or more acryl groups.
- the curable resin may be cured by UV irradiation and/or heating.
- the ultraviolet irradiation conditions or heating conditions may be appropriately performed within a range that does not impair the purpose of the present application.
- the sealant may further include an initiator, for example, a photoinitiator or a thermal initiator, if necessary.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate 500 formed according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical laminate 500 includes a liquid crystal layer 110, a polarizing plate 120, a transparent conductive layer 130, an alignment film 140, and a refractive index control layer 150, and the polarizing plate 120 ) may include a first protective layer 121, PVA (Poly Vinyl Alcohol) 122, and a second protective layer 123.
- the PVA 122 located at the center of the polarizer 120 is a material for implementing color and adjusting the transmission and direction of light, and may be provided as one embodiment of the polarizer described above.
- the first protective layer 121 is to protect the PVA 122, and is provided as one embodiment of the above-described protective layer, and specifically, cellulose triacetate (TAC) or the like may be used.
- the second protective layer 123 may be provided in one embodiment of the above-described retardation film, and specifically, a cyclic olefin polymer (COP) or the like may be used.
- COP cyclic olefin polymer
- the polarizer 120 may include a first protective layer 121 and a second protective layer 123 on one surface and the other surface, respectively, centered on the polarizer PVA 122. have.
- first protective layer 121 and the second protective layer 123 may be bonded to the PVA 122 using an adhesive 124 .
- the adhesive agent 124 is not particularly limited as long as it has appropriate adhesive strength, transparency, thermal stability, and the like, and may be, for example, substantially the same as the adhesive agent 124 of FIG. 4 described above.
- the bonding method of the PVA 122 and the first and second protective layers 121 and 123 using the adhesive 124 may be performed by a bonding method commonly used in the art.
- a bonding method commonly used in the art.
- the polarizer or protective layer A method of bonding by inserting a niprol or the like may be used.
- the transparent conductive layer 130 may be directly formed on the polarizing plate 120 .
- the polarizing plate 120 may include a protective layer as described above, and the protective layer may be used as a substrate for the transparent conductive layer 130 formed on the optical laminate.
- the transparent conductive layer 130 is not particularly limited as long as it has optical transparency and conductivity, and may be, for example, substantially the same as the transparent conductive layer 130 of FIG. 1 described above.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically illustrating a process of forming a variable transmittance optical stack in which another layer is combined according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the conductive layer 130 may be stacked.
- the refractive index control layer 150 is not particularly limited as long as it can compensate for the difference in transmittance of the optical laminate and corrects the color due to the transparent conductive layer.
- the refractive index control layer of FIG. 3 described above. may be substantially the same as (150).
- the refractive index adjusting layer 150 may be formed on the protective layer of the polarizing plate 120 .
- the transparent conductive layer 130 and the refractive index adjusting layer 150 may be deposited by a deposition method commonly used in the art, for example, a spin coat method, a roller coat method, a bar coat method, or a dip coat method.
- Coating methods such as gravure coating method, curtain coating method, die coating method, spray coating method, doctor coating method, and kneader coating method, screen printing method, spray printing method, inkjet printing method, iron plate printing method, and intaglio printing method , It can be formed using a printing method such as lithographic printing, coating, or the like, or a method by vacuum film formation such as sputtering.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically illustrating a process of forming a variable transmittance optical stack in which another layer is combined according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the alignment layer 140 may be further stacked on the polarizer 120 , the refractive index control layer 150 , and the conductive layer 130 .
- the alignment layer 140 is not particularly limited as long as it can add orientation to liquid crystal, and may be, for example, substantially the same as the alignment layer 140 of FIG. 2 described above.
- the alignment film coating composition is applied and cured on the transparent conductive layer 130 to form the alignment film 140, and then the liquid crystal coating composition is applied and cured on the alignment film 140.
- a polarizing plate including a liquid crystal layer may be formed on the alignment layer.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically illustrating a process of forming a variable transmittance optical laminate in which another layer is combined according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- a sealant layer 160 formed outside the liquid crystal layer may be further formed on the polarizer 120, the refractive index adjusting layer 150, the conductive layer 130, and the alignment layer 140. have.
- the sealant layer 160 is not particularly limited as long as it combines two different polarizing plates and protects the liquid crystal layer from the outside. For example, it may be substantially the same as the sealant layer 160 of FIG. 5 described above. .
- the sealant layer 160 may be formed by a method commonly used in the art. For example, drawing sealant on the outside of the liquid crystal layer (ie, the inactive area) using a dispenser equipped with a nozzle can be formed by Thereafter, the optical laminate of the present invention may be manufactured by bonding and curing the optical laminate of FIG. .
- the present invention in addition to the variable transmittance optical laminate, includes a smart window including the same.
- the present invention includes a vehicle in which the smart window is applied to at least one or more of a front window, a rear window, a side window, a sunroof window, and an internal partition, and windows and doors for buildings including the smart window.
- the conductive layer is formed directly on one surface of the polarizing plate, and the thickness is significantly reduced compared to the conventional optical laminate by not including a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer. have.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (18)
- 전계에 따라 구동되는 액정층을 사이에 두고, 양면에 적층된 편광판을 포함하는 광학 적층체에 있어서,상기 편광판은 편광자 및 상기 편광자의 적어도 일면 상에 형성된 보호층을 포함하고,투명 도전층은, 상기 편광판과 직접 접촉하여 형성되며,상기 광학 적층체는 전압 인가에 따라 전광선 투과율이 변화되는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 투명 도전층은, 상기 편광판 및 투명 도전층 사이에 별도의 기재를 포함하지 않고, 상기 편광판과 직접 접촉하여 형성되는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 투명 도전층은, 상기 편광판 및 투명 도전층 사이에 접착 용이층을 두고 상기 편광판과 직접 접촉하여 형성되는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 투명 도전층은, 투명 도전성 산화물, 금속, 탄소계 물질, 전도성 고분자, 도전성 잉크 및 나노 와이어로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 편광판은, 광학 기능층을 더 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 5에 있어서, 상기 광학 기능층은, 위상차 필름을 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 보호층은, 폴리에틸렌테레프탈레이트, 폴리에틸렌이소프탈레이트, 폴리에틸렌나프탈레이트, 폴리부틸렌테레프탈레이트, 디아세틸셀룰로오스, 트리아세틸셀룰로오스, 폴리카보네이트, 폴리에틸렌, 폴리프로필렌, 폴리메틸(메타)아크릴레이트, 폴리에틸(메타)아크릴레이트 및 환형 올레핀계 고분자로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 편광판과 투명 도전층 사이에 굴절률이 1.4 내지 2.6인 굴절률 조절층을 더 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 편광판은, 30 내지 200㎛의 두께를 갖는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 액정층은, 적어도 일면 상에 형성된 배향막을 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 액정층은, TN (Twisted nematic), STN (Super-twisted nematic), IPS (In-plane switching), FFS (Fringe field switching), PLS (Plane line switching), AH-IPS (Advanced high-performance IPS), PSA (Polymer sustained alignment) 및 VA (Vertical alignment)로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나의 구동 방식에 의해 구동되는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 액정층은, 볼스페이서 (Ball spacer) 및 컬럼스페이서 (Column spacer)로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 12에 있어서, 상기 볼스페이서(Ball spacer)는, 직경이 1 내지 10 ㎛인, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 12에 있어서, 상기 볼스페이서(Ball spacer)는, 액정층 내에서의 점유 면적이 액정층 면적의 0.01 내지 10%인, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1 내지 14 중 어느 한 항의 투과율 가변 광학 적층체의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1 내지 14 중 어느 한 항의 투과율 가변 광학 적층체를 포함하는, 스마트 윈도우.
- 청구항 16의 스마트 윈도우를 전면창, 후면창, 측면창, 썬루프창, 및 내부 칸막이 중 적어도 하나 이상에 적용한, 자동차.
- 청구항 16의 스마트 윈도우를 포함하는, 건물용 창호.
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JP2023574515A JP2024523177A (ja) | 2021-06-04 | 2022-05-27 | 光学積層体およびその製造方法と、これを含むスマートウィンドウおよびこれを適用した自動車または建物用建具 |
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KR20240121931A (ko) * | 2023-02-02 | 2024-08-12 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 투과율 가변 광학 적층체의 제조방법, 상기 방법으로 제조된 투과율 가변 광학 적층체, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우 및 이를 적용한 자동차 또는 건물용 창호 |
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KR20220165222A (ko) | 2022-12-14 |
KR20220165220A (ko) | 2022-12-14 |
KR20220165219A (ko) | 2022-12-14 |
EP4350428A1 (en) | 2024-04-10 |
US20240280854A1 (en) | 2024-08-22 |
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