WO2023046187A1 - Procédé d'augmentation des avantages économiques d'un puits unique par exploitation de pétrole et de gaz à l'aide d'une injection de vapeur d'eau de fond - Google Patents

Procédé d'augmentation des avantages économiques d'un puits unique par exploitation de pétrole et de gaz à l'aide d'une injection de vapeur d'eau de fond Download PDF

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WO2023046187A1
WO2023046187A1 PCT/CN2022/121500 CN2022121500W WO2023046187A1 WO 2023046187 A1 WO2023046187 A1 WO 2023046187A1 CN 2022121500 W CN2022121500 W CN 2022121500W WO 2023046187 A1 WO2023046187 A1 WO 2023046187A1
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oil
well
production
gas
bottom water
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PCT/CN2022/121500
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Chinese (zh)
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于文英
鲁振国
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北京红蓝黑能源科技有限公司
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
    • E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well

Definitions

  • the method belongs to the petroleum and natural gas industry.
  • the oil production mechanism of increasing the temperature and reducing the viscosity of crude oil and bottom water steam flooding, bottom water hot water flooding, and elastic pressure of the reservoir are utilized.
  • Comprehensive oil and gas recovery such as flooding and other comprehensive oil and gas driving methods for oil and gas recovery.
  • the oil and gas reservoirs are all kinds of natural oil/gas reservoirs with edge and bottom water, and they can also be the edge/top/bottom water oil and gas reservoirs formed by artificially injecting water into the oil and gas reservoirs from the ground.
  • the method of heating formation water in oil and gas reservoirs is not limited to electric heating, and any form of energy can be converted into heat energy, and oil and gas can be exploited by heating formation water.
  • CN201480001286.3 and CN201911298237.1 disclose a thermal oil recovery method using horizontal wells to electrically heat the upper part of the bottom water layer of oil and gas reservoirs.
  • CN201480001286.3 is used as a centralized thermal recovery method for oil reservoirs, and consumes less water resources.
  • CN201911298237.1 method on the basis of the centralized preheating of the above-mentioned centralized thermal recovery method, increase the power of bottom water steam flooding in the oil recovery stage, that is, under the conditions of the formation crude oil movement and the production pressure difference, Through pressure control, pressure stabilization, and continuous heating of formation water, the formation water enters a boiling state and continuously generates bottom water vapor, forming a comprehensive oil and gas recovery mainly based on bottom water steam flooding, bottom water hot water flooding and reservoir elastic pressure flooding Drive energy, make up for the lack of formation energy in oil and gas reservoirs, and increase the degree of production and production of various oil and gas reservoirs with bottom water. This method is more suitable for oil and gas reservoirs with bottom water.
  • the recovery rate can reach 81-86%
  • the cost of electricity per ton of oil is 950-1194 yuan
  • the energy consumption is 66.6-83.7 ⁇ 10 5 kJ/t
  • the average annual oil production rate is 6.2-7.8.
  • the optimized design of energy saving and electric heating horizontal well deployment can further save energy by 1/3 to 1/2
  • the cost of electricity per ton of oil can be reduced to 475 to 796 yuan/ton
  • the energy consumption per ton of oil is 33.2 to 65.8 ⁇ 10 5 kJ/t.
  • the crude oil in the formation can reach a state of sufficient heat connection, and the crude oil can be recovered. It is achievable to improve the economic benefits of a single well.
  • the heat energy to be provided is certain, which is determined by the number of electric heating horizontal wells, electric heating power and heating time. Therefore, in order to increase the cumulative oil production of a single well, uniformly heat the upper part of the bottom water layer, and reduce the number of heating wells, multi-branch heating horizontal wells can be used to prolong the heating time and adjust the heating mode, so as to increase the reserves of single control and improve the economical efficiency of a single well. Benefits, the purpose of meeting actual production needs.
  • the disadvantages are that the cost of electricity per ton of oil has increased from 950 yuan/ton to 1421 yuan, the oil production rate has dropped from 6.2 to 3.2, and the oil recovery rate has dropped significantly, from the highest 81% to 75.8% and 71.8% in turn , which means that the single-control reserve cannot be increased without an upper limit. While increasing the single-control reserve increases the income of a single well, a large amount of oil in place is lost. Under the same reserve conditions, the total income decreases by 36.4%.
  • the production curves in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show that the oil production time without water is short, the bottom water rises rapidly, the bottom water ridges are obvious, and the oil production rate is slow. drop feature.
  • the daily oil production curve fluctuates when the temperature at the top of the reservoir rises rapidly, and the daily oil production increases.
  • the numerical animation shows that the bottom water ridge is obvious during the bottom water steam flooding process. This shows that after the increase of single-control reserves and fluid displacement, the increase of production pressure difference will lead to bottom water ridges, and the flow of crude oil in the formation far from the wellbore will be delayed. The effect of water rising is not obvious, but the steam will rise rapidly, the water cut will rise rapidly, and the recovery factor will decrease.
  • in-depth solutions are proposed: increase reservoir preheating temperature, increase crude oil flow capacity; deploy multi-branched horizontal production wells, enhance plane oil drainage capacity, Reduce the daily liquid production of a single well in a disguised form, overcome the insufficient driving force of crude oil in the horizontal direction and the large pressure difference in vertical production, and inhibit and delay the invasion of bottom water; at the same time, according to the thickness of the oil layer and the viscosity of the crude oil in the formation, adjust the heating power of the steam drive stage to 0.2-0.4P , P is the heating power in the preheating stage.
  • Step 1 For oil and gas reservoirs to be developed or where wells can continue to be deployed, increase the controlled reserves of a single well, respectively expand the well spacing and the length of the horizontal well section of the horizontal well, and the upper limit of the design of the well pattern structure is based on the recovery factor R>70 % is appropriate;
  • the well spacing of extra-heavy to super-heavy oil thermal recovery reservoirs is 80-200m, the horizontal section length is 300-600m, and the production effect is good;
  • the well spacing and horizontal section length of thin oil, ordinary heavy oil and high pour point oil reservoirs can be further expanded, referring to the deployment of thin oil production wells;
  • Step 2 According to the actual economic and geological conditions, determine whether to drill a single horizontal production well, or a multi-branched horizontal production well, or a combination of the two;
  • the total length of the horizontal section of the multi-branched horizontal production well is less than or equal to 3 times the length of the horizontal section of the single horizontal well, and the production effect is better than that of the multi-branched horizontal well;
  • Step 3 According to the viscosity-temperature curve of crude oil in the reservoir formation (Fig. 7), increase the preheating temperature t at the top of the reservoir, and the temperature is between [A, C],
  • Step 4 Adjust the liquid production rate of a single well. If the liquid production rate of a single well is high, it is easy to form bottom water ridges and sand production in production wells, which will affect the oil recovery effect; if the liquid production rate is too low, it will affect the oil production rate and cause a large loss of formation water and heat. , leading to high energy consumption per ton of oil and low recovery factor, the core evaluation index, proration is based on single well digital model recovery rate R > 75% as the standard;
  • Step 5 In the stage of steam drive, the heating power is adjusted according to the thickness of the oil layer and the viscosity of the crude oil in the oil layer. If the oil layer is thick and the viscosity is low, the power should be higher. On the contrary, the power will be reduced.
  • the standard is the preheating power of 0.2-0.4P, and P is the preheating Stage heating power.
  • Fig. 8 Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results (Fig. 8) show that the economic benefit of a single well can be effectively improved by increasing the controlled reserves of a single well, reservoir preheating temperature, and drilling multi-branched horizontal wells. It has a wide range of practicability, and is completely suitable for oil and gas exploitation in areas such as offshore platforms with small spaces and high operating costs. Under the condition of comparable reserves, the recovery rate of this technical scheme is between 78% and 81%, which is similar to that of water steam flooding from the bottom of small wells. Increased by 3 to 5 times.
  • Bottom water steam flooding oil and gas recovery method to improve the economic benefit of single well can not only achieve significant oil recovery effect, but also break through the maximum production well spacing of existing offshore thermal recovery reservoirs, and the horizontal section length of horizontal wells is 200m ⁇ 420m. Under the premise of optimal , total income and single well economic benefits, the well pattern spacing and horizontal section length of the reservoir can reach 200m ⁇ 600m. For oil reservoirs with low crude oil viscosity, the well pattern structure is expected to be further optimized and improved.
  • bottom water intrusion is the key factor restricting oil and gas production.
  • bottom water steam flooding thermal recovery by increasing the single well control reserves, reservoir preheating temperature, daily liquid production with appropriate ratio, The combination of one or more methods in a series of measures such as drilling multi-branched horizontal wells can fully achieve the goals of inhibiting and delaying bottom water invasion, stabilizing bottom water steam flooding, increasing oil production speed, reservoir recovery and single well economic benefits .
  • bottom water ridge intrusion occurs, because the bottom water is high-temperature hot water, it will form a certain degree of bottom water hot water flooding, which will not be like traditional oil and gas production.
  • the heat loss of the reservoir caused by the method will not completely become a factor that destroys production. Therefore, the oil recovery rate of the oil reservoir can also be maintained at more than 70%, and the average cumulative oil production of a single well can reach 160,000 to 240,000 tons.
  • Fig. 1 The production relation curve of digital model 80m ⁇ 80m ⁇ 300m oil layer with top temperature of 100°C and bottom water steam flooding;
  • Fig. 2 The production relationship curve of digital model 80m ⁇ 200m ⁇ 300m oil layer with top temperature of 100°C and bottom water steam flooding;
  • Fig. 3 The production relationship curve of digital model 80m ⁇ 200m ⁇ 600m oil layer with top temperature of 100°C and bottom water steam flooding;
  • Fig. 4 Production relation curve of digital model 80m ⁇ 200m ⁇ 600m oil layer with top temperature of 130°C and bottom water steam flooding;
  • Fig. 5 The production relationship curve of digital model 80m ⁇ 200m ⁇ 600m multi-branched production well oil layer with top temperature of 120°C and bottom water steam flooding;
  • Fig. 6 The production relationship curve of digital model 80m ⁇ 200m ⁇ 420m multi-branched production well oil layer with top temperature of 100°C and bottom water steam flooding;
  • Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of the temperature range of the inflection point of the viscosity-temperature curve of crude oil in the reservoir.
  • A Inflection point temperature of viscosity-temperature curve
  • B Inflection point temperature of upper viscosity-temperature curve
  • C Inflection point temperature of lower viscosity-temperature curve
  • Fig. 1 is the production relationship curve calculated by the steam flooding model from the bottom of the conventional thermal recovery small well, the oil recovery rate is 6.2, the recovery rate is 81%, the oil recovery time without water is long, and the recovery rate reaches 58% ⁇ before water breakthrough, the production effect ideal.
  • Figure 3 extends the horizontal production well section on the basis of Figure 2. Similar to Figure 2, the recovery degree is further reduced to 71.8%, and the production curve fluctuates in the middle and late stages, which shows that the oil fluidity is enhanced after the temperature in the upper part of the oil layer rises, so the production Oil volume rises. This phenomenon shows that with the increase of single-control reserves, the oil and gas flow in the far wellbore zone lags behind. Although the single well and the total income increase, the total reserve loss increases by 10%, which is not conducive to the development and utilization of resources.
  • Figure 4 increases the preheating temperature of the reservoir. Although the cost of electricity per ton of oil increases slightly from 1421 to 1468, the degree of recovery increases from 71% to 76.7%.
  • the daily oil production curve Stable, fluctuations disappear, single well cumulative oil production and economic benefits are further increased compared with 3.
  • Fig. 5 Aiming at bottom water ridge advance, large production pressure difference and weak effect of bottom water steam flooding in the horizontal direction, multi-branched horizontal production wells are used, which is equivalent to intensified well spacing. The calculation results show that the ridge advance phenomenon disappears and the bottom water is highlighted With the effect of steam flooding, cumulative oil production increases, and the average recovery rate increases to 78% ⁇ .
  • Figure 6 reduces the length of the horizontal section of the above model and adopts the 80m ⁇ 200m ⁇ 420m model.
  • the calculation results show that the water-free oil recovery period in the production relationship curve is extended, and the recovery degree rises to 80.8%, which is similar to the small well spacing of 80m ⁇ 80m ⁇ 300m in Fig. 1 , under the same reserve conditions, the total income and single well income are between Figure 5 and Figure 1.
  • Figure 8 combines the well pattern structure in the current thermal recovery development plan, and presents the node steam drive program data and economic benefit evaluation indicators under this model. From the comparison of indicators, it can be concluded that the goal of improving the economic benefit and total income of a single well is as shown in Figure 4 , Figure 5 is the best option; to improve resource utilization and take into account the economic benefits of a single well, Figure 6 is better, and Figures 4, 5, and 6 are all optional solutions.
  • the digital model takes extra heavy oil reservoir as an example, geological parameters: bottom water reservoir, oil layer thickness: 30m, water layer thickness: 50m, depth: 1000m, K: 1500um 2 , ⁇ : 0.30, T: 42°C, P: 9.5MPa, S o : 65%, ⁇ : 7272mPa m/s, ⁇ o : 0.967kg/m 3 ; price calculation: electricity fee: 0.513 yuan/kWh, oil price: 2794 yuan/ton; model calculation results are shown in Figure 8 data sheet.
  • Case 1 A single horizontal production well model of 80m ⁇ 200m ⁇ 600m is adopted, as shown in Figure 4, the preheating temperature at the top of the oil layer is 130°C to start oil drainage production, the liquid production rate is 400m 3 /d, the water cut is 90% and heating is stopped, and the electricity cost per ton of oil is 1468 The recovery degree is 76.7%, and the daily oil production curve is stable. Calculated with one and two multi-branched horizontal heating wells respectively, the cumulative oil production of a single well is 263,000 tons and 176,000 tons respectively. Crude oil production increased by 120,000 to 200,000 tons. Under the same conditions of reserves, cumulative oil production dropped from 570,000 tons to 530,000 tons, and total economic income decreased by 38%.
  • Case 2 Using 80m ⁇ 200m ⁇ 600m multi-branched horizontal production wells, which is equivalent to intensified well spacing, and the preheating temperature at the top of the oil layer is 120°C. The calculation results show that the bottom water ridge phenomenon disappears, highlighting the effect of bottom water steam flooding, and the electricity cost per ton of oil The cost is 1,107 yuan, the average recovery rate is increased to 78%, and the cumulative oil production is increased. Calculated with 1 and 2 multi-branched horizontal heating wells, the cumulative oil production of a single well is 268,000 tons and 178,000 tons respectively, and the oil recovery rate is 3.9, compared with Case 1 increased by 0.9, and the total effect was better than Case 1.
  • Case 3 Using the currently published maximum well spacing and longest horizontal well section in offshore thermal recovery reservoirs, a 200m ⁇ 420m ⁇ 80m multi-branched horizontal production well model was established.
  • the preheated oil top temperature was 100°C, and the characteristics of the production curve were similar to those shown in Figure 1.
  • the recovery rate is 80.8%.
  • the cost of electricity per ton of oil is 1160 yuan/ton
  • the cumulative oil production of a single well is 132,000 tons and 198,000 tons respectively.
  • the cumulative oil increase of the wells was 76,000 to 142,000 tons, and the total income was equivalent.

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Abstract

Procédé d'augmentation des avantages économiques d'un puits unique par exploitation de pétrole et de gaz à l'aide d'une injection de vapeur d'eau de fond. C'est-à-dire que la partie supérieure d'eau de formation d'un réservoir de pétrole et de gaz est chauffée selon un mode de régulation de pression et de stabilisation ; le réservoir de pétrole et de gaz est préchauffé, l'eau de formation est amenée à ébullition en continu, et le pétrole et le gaz sont exploités à l'aide de l'injection de vapeur d'eau de fond du réservoir de pétrole et de gaz. La production de pétrole accumulé du puits unique d'un réservoir de pétrole est augmentée au moyen de procédés d'augmentation des réserves réglées à puits unique d'un puits de production et de réduction du nombre de puits horizontaux de chauffage ; l'invasion de l'eau de fond est inhibée et retardée dans un ou plusieurs modes de combinaison de remplacement d'un puits de production horizontal à ramification unique par un puits de production à ramifications multiples, d'augmentation de la température de préchauffage du réservoir de pétrole, et de régulation et de réglage d'une quantité d'évacuation de liquide du puits de production et de la puissance de chauffage électrique, la vitesse d'écoulement radiale horizontale du pétrole brut est augmentée, l'efficacité de récupération de réservoir de pétrole et la vitesse d'extraction de pétrole sont davantage augmentées après que les réserves réglées à puits unique sont augmentées, et le coût de la facture d'électricité et la consommation d'énergie par tonne de pétrole sont réduits, ce qui permet d'augmenter les avantages économiques d'un puits unique. Un résultat de calcul numérique-analogique montre que la production moyenne de pétrole accumulé dans un puits unique d'un modèle de puits de production horizontal à ramifications multiples de 80 m * 200 m * 600 m est de 180 000 à 270 000 tonnes, et que l'avantage économique est de 3 à 5 fois celui d'un modèle d'espacement de petit puits de 80 m * 80 m * 200 m.
PCT/CN2022/121500 2021-09-27 2022-09-26 Procédé d'augmentation des avantages économiques d'un puits unique par exploitation de pétrole et de gaz à l'aide d'une injection de vapeur d'eau de fond WO2023046187A1 (fr)

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CN114183108B (zh) * 2021-12-21 2023-02-21 北京红蓝黑能源科技有限公司 提高底水蒸汽驱油气生产过程中横向驱动力方法

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