WO2023041962A1 - Atmospheric oxygen plasma for disinfecting air and surface by nanotitanium coating - Google Patents

Atmospheric oxygen plasma for disinfecting air and surface by nanotitanium coating Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023041962A1
WO2023041962A1 PCT/IB2021/058555 IB2021058555W WO2023041962A1 WO 2023041962 A1 WO2023041962 A1 WO 2023041962A1 IB 2021058555 W IB2021058555 W IB 2021058555W WO 2023041962 A1 WO2023041962 A1 WO 2023041962A1
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Prior art keywords
nano
atmospheric oxygen
oxygen plasma
stipulated
room environment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2021/058555
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Emmett Imani
Mehrdad FOJLALEY
Original Assignee
Emmett Imani
Fojlaley Mehrdad
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Emmett Imani, Fojlaley Mehrdad filed Critical Emmett Imani
Priority to PCT/IB2021/058555 priority Critical patent/WO2023041962A1/en
Publication of WO2023041962A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023041962A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
    • A61L2/14—Plasma, i.e. ionised gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
    • A61L9/22—Ionisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/2406—Generating plasma using dielectric barrier discharges, i.e. with a dielectric interposed between the electrodes
    • H05H1/2443—Generating plasma using dielectric barrier discharges, i.e. with a dielectric interposed between the electrodes the plasma fluid flowing through a dielectric tube
    • H05H1/2465—Generating plasma using dielectric barrier discharges, i.e. with a dielectric interposed between the electrodes the plasma fluid flowing through a dielectric tube the plasma being activated by inductive coupling, e.g. using coiled electrodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
    • A61L2202/20—Targets to be treated
    • A61L2202/25—Rooms in buildings, passenger compartments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2209/00—Aspects relating to disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L2209/10—Apparatus features
    • A61L2209/14—Filtering means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H2245/00—Applications of plasma devices
    • H05H2245/10—Treatment of gases
    • H05H2245/15—Ambient air; Ozonisers

Definitions

  • This invention is about the device using nano atmospheric oxygen plasma method to disinfect environments in healthcare facilities, food production facilities and agricultural and livestock facilities in order to provide clean air for people working and living in these environments.
  • This method has been developed by AWWA in 1909 in order to clean the air from virus and bacteria and commercialized version of this method has been launched by SHARP in 1940.
  • This method filters the environment air using an UV Ray, killing majority of the virus and bacteria, thus disinfectingthe environment (Kowalski and et al 2003)
  • the temperature of UV lamps must be between 16 C to 27 C when working at full performance. In case the room temperature is outside this interval, the productivity of this method decreases by appr. 25 % (Kowalski and et al 2001 )
  • UV devices [0009] • Due to the fact that rays produced by a UV device are harmful for human health, especially to eye and skin, UV devices cannot work in environments with people present. [0010] OZONE GAS TECHNOLOGY;
  • Ozone is basically Oxygene with 3 atoms
  • presence of Ozone molecules at a rate higher than 1 ppm disrupts human metabolism and causes cancer in long term.
  • Studies conducted on this matter suggests that disinfection using Ozone is only possible when the presence of Ozone is minimum 10 ppm and maximum 30 ppm, which means people shall not be present in these environments (Rahimi 2002).
  • This invention is about the device using nano atmospheric oxygen plasma method to disinfect environments in healthcare facilities, food production facilities and agricultural and livestock facilities in order to provide clean air for people working and living in these environments.
  • This invention does not produce chemicals harmful to human health, such as Ozone, Hydrogene ions and OH, and disinfects the environment in a manner that is not considered harmful for human health, thus proving itself advantageous against other methods.
  • This invention kills virus, bacteria and mold inside the environment at a rate of 99.9% using Oxygen ions it produce.
  • negative oxygen ions produced by this device in the form of plasma which is commonly known as the fourth state of the matter, oxidizes virus, bacteria and molds and dismembers the amino acid compounds of their proteins
  • the Nano hydroxyapatite filter and/or Ozone sensor of the invention prevents production of ozone gas at a rate higher than 0.02 ppm even in the case of faulty use by users.
  • the device also reacts with odorous and odorless gas bonded to oxygen such as CO, CO2, SOx, NOx) and decouples oxygen molecules, vanquishing foul odors and harmful gas.
  • This invention is a device using nano atmospheric oxygen plasma method for disinfection purposes
  • the case is made of polyethylene, low cost and high efficiency with a smart design and in addition, the mobile windbox (4) helps the device distribute produced negative oxygen ions evenly to the room environment.
  • the fan helps the device distribute negative oxygen ions evenly to the room environment and in addition, working time of the plasma can be adjusted based on the power of the device fan (2), which means there is no power limit prerequisites and this is a distinguishing feature when compared to its competitors.
  • Plasma section (3) used in this device consists of 5 sections:
  • Anode section (3.1 ) is made of 6 spiral naked copper as a conductor, 16 cm
  • Copper conductor used in the anode section (3.1 ) is scaled using the formula in the maxwell law .This formula creates a magnetic field at 10 ev strength, enabling production of negative ions of oxygen molecules in room air (Likun Gao 2016 nature dergisi).
  • Cathode section (3.2); [0033] - Cathode section (3.2) is made of nano-titanium plated aluminium 16 cm long and 0.3 mm thick;
  • - Aluminium is selected due to its conductivity being lesser than metal and copper however more than chromium, still between desired levels, while it is easy to shape. Copper has increased reactivity in an electromagnetic field at 10 ev strength, the risk of creating an electric arc makes it risky to use with this device.
  • - Physical and chemical properties of nano-titanium is identical to TiO2 however it costs less than TiC , contributing to the cost-effectivity of the device.
  • oxygen molecules in the air have more exposure to nano-titanium, thus improving the device performance.
  • Nano-titanium application on aluminium does not require any special devices or heat and is directly sprayede on aluminium.
  • Device plasma (3) consists of 2 mm thick %96 silisium quartz glass with a diameter of 2cm and a length of 16 cm and is covered by the Anode section (3.1 ) on the top and Cathode section (3.2) on the interior.
  • Device Plasma (3) field is fed with a 6000 Volt (30 ma) transformer and one of the outputs are connected to the Anode section (3.1 ) whereas the other output is connected to the Cathode Section (3.2) and the device produces a plasma field (3) between the anode section (3.1 ) and the glass.
  • Quartz glass diameter is 2 cm and length is 16 cm because copper conductor used in the Anode section (3) is determined according to the formula indicated in the maxwell law.
  • the thickness of Quartz glass being 2 mm ensures the production of a better plasma between the Anode Section (3.1 ) and Cathode Section (3.2). In case the thickness is lesser than 2 mm, the conductivity of Cathode Section (3.2) and Anode (3.1 ) will be excess and this prevents the production of plasma. ). In case the thickness is more than 2 mm, the conductivity of Cathode Section (3.2) and Anode (3.1 ) will be scarce and no plasma will be produced [0040] Silisum property of the quartz glass being % 96 is selected due to Piezo electricity property of silisium.
  • - Device plasma (3) uses a tube (3.3) due to the fact that Anode section (3.1 ) requires spiral (helix) application. In addition to creating more exposure of air, spiral application creates significant heat (80C-90C) and thisdestroys the humidity in normal air (%65), preventing the release of OH free radical, thus preventing the device from dispersing hydrogene ions.
  • Quartz glass Another reason Quartz glass has been used is the vibration feature of Quartz glass under Piezo electricity conditions in the electromagnetic field. This prevents the production of Ozone gas by inhibiting reaction of produced oxygene ions with oxygene atoms in the air.
  • Quartz glass has been used is the heat durability of Quartz glass, especially when compared to ceramics with alternative piezo electricity feature, which requires vibration that must be stimulated with a separate device that creates a magnetic field.
  • Nano hydroxyapatite filter can be used as an invention in this invention to reduce 85% of toxic gases including NOX , SOX , greenhouse gases and 03.
  • HEPA filter can be used in this invention in order to destroy dust, particle and smoke.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

This invention is about the device using nano atmospheric oxygen plasma method (3) to disinfect environments in working and living area, healthcare sectors, food, agricultural and livestock areas and facilities in order to provide clean air and surface for people working and living in these environments.

Description

Description
Title of Invention : ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN PLASMA for disinfecting air and surface by nanotitanium coating
Technical Field
[0001] This invention is about the device using nano atmospheric oxygen plasma method to disinfect environments in healthcare facilities, food production facilities and agricultural and livestock facilities in order to provide clean air for people working and living in these environments.
Background Art
[0002] Scientists and technology companies developed various solutions related to providing clean air for living and working environments however products proving
[0003] to be useful for this problem have some side effects. For example;
[0004] UV Ray Technology
[0005] This method has been developed by AWWA in 1909 in order to clean the air from virus and bacteria and commercialized version of this method has been launched by SHARP in 1940. This method filters the environment air using an UV Ray, killing majority of the virus and bacteria, thus disinfectingthe environment (Kowalski and et al 2003)
[0006] Disadvantages of this technology are as follows:
[0007] • The temperature of UV lamps must be between 16 C to 27 C when working at full performance. In case the room temperature is outside this interval, the productivity of this method decreases by appr. 25 % (Kowalski and et al 2001 )
[0008] • In order to maintain full performance, the air must be filtered through UV lights between 2 and 2.5 m/s and this renders the device ineffective when combined with some ventilation systems under certain conditions.
[0009] • Due to the fact that rays produced by a UV device are harmful for human health, especially to eye and skin, UV devices cannot work in environments with people present. [0010] OZONE GAS TECHNOLOGY;
[0011] * Due to the fact that Ozone is basically Oxygene with 3 atoms, presence of Ozone molecules at a rate higher than 1 ppm disrupts human metabolism and causes cancer in long term. Studies conducted on this matter suggests that disinfection using Ozone is only possible when the presence of Ozone is minimum 10 ppm and maximum 30 ppm, which means people shall not be present in these environments (Rahimi 2002).
[0012] * Ozone reacts with metals and it oxidizes the metals in the environment, causing rusting and depreciation. (EPA 1999)
Summary of Invention
[0013] This invention resolves problems arising from the disadvantages stated hereinabove.
[0014] This invention is about the device using nano atmospheric oxygen plasma method to disinfect environments in healthcare facilities, food production facilities and agricultural and livestock facilities in order to provide clean air for people working and living in these environments.
[0015] This invention does not produce chemicals harmful to human health, such as Ozone, Hydrogene ions and OH, and disinfects the environment in a manner that is not considered harmful for human health, thus proving itself advantageous against other methods.
[0016] This invention kills virus, bacteria and mold inside the environment at a rate of 99.9% using Oxygen ions it produce.
[0017] In this invention, negative oxygen ions produced by this device in the form of plasma, which is commonly known as the fourth state of the matter, oxidizes virus, bacteria and molds and dismembers the amino acid compounds of their proteins
[0018] The Nano hydroxyapatite filter and/or Ozone sensor of the invention prevents production of ozone gas at a rate higher than 0.02 ppm even in the case of faulty use by users. [0019] The device also reacts with odorous and odorless gas bonded to oxygen such as CO, CO2, SOx, NOx) and decouples oxygen molecules, vanquishing foul odors and harmful gas.
Brief Description of Drawings
[0020] Fig 1 : Exhibit 1.
Description of Embodiments
[0021] This invention is a device using nano atmospheric oxygen plasma method for disinfection purposes;
[0022] Device Case 1 );
[0023] The case is made of polyethylene, low cost and high efficiency with a smart design and in addition, the mobile windbox (4) helps the device distribute produced negative oxygen ions evenly to the room environment.
[0024] Device Fan (2);
[0025] Although the distribution varies based on the type of environment the device is used, the fan helps the device distribute negative oxygen ions evenly to the room environment and in addition, working time of the plasma can be adjusted based on the power of the device fan (2), which means there is no power limit prerequisites and this is a distinguishing feature when compared to its competitors.
[0026] Plasma of the device (3);
[0027] Plasma section (3) used in this device consists of 5 sections:
[0028] Anode Section (3.1 );
[0029] - Anode section (3.1 ) is made of 6 spiral naked copper as a conductor, 16 cm
[0030] long and 2.5 mm thick;
[0031] Copper conductor used in the anode section (3.1 ) is scaled using the formula in the maxwell law .This formula creates a magnetic field at 10 ev strength, enabling production of negative ions of oxygen molecules in room air (Likun Gao 2016 nature dergisi).
[0032] Cathode section (3.2); [0033] - Cathode section (3.2) is made of nano-titanium plated aluminium 16 cm long and 0.3 mm thick;
[0034] - Aluminium is selected due to its conductivity being lesser than metal and copper however more than chromium, still between desired levels, while it is easy to shape. Copper has increased reactivity in an electromagnetic field at 10 ev strength, the risk of creating an electric arc makes it risky to use with this device. - Physical and chemical properties of nano-titanium is identical to TiO2 however it costs less than TiC , contributing to the cost-effectivity of the device. In addition, due to the fact that its molecules are smaller than TiO2, oxygen molecules in the air have more exposure to nano-titanium, thus improving the device performance. Nano-titanium application on aluminium does not require any special devices or heat and is directly sprayede on aluminium.
[0035] Tube (3.3);
[0036] Device plasma (3) consists of 2 mm thick %96 silisium quartz glass with a diameter of 2cm and a length of 16 cm and is covered by the Anode section (3.1 ) on the top and Cathode section (3.2) on the interior.
[0037] Device Plasma (3) field is fed with a 6000 Volt (30 ma) transformer and one of the outputs are connected to the Anode section (3.1 ) whereas the other output is connected to the Cathode Section (3.2) and the device produces a plasma field (3) between the anode section (3.1 ) and the glass.
[0038] Quartz glass diameter is 2 cm and length is 16 cm because copper conductor used in the Anode section (3) is determined according to the formula indicated in the maxwell law.
[0039] - The thickness of Quartz glass being 2 mm ensures the production of a better plasma between the Anode Section (3.1 ) and Cathode Section (3.2). In case the thickness is lesser than 2 mm, the conductivity of Cathode Section (3.2) and Anode (3.1 ) will be excess and this prevents the production of plasma. ). In case the thickness is more than 2 mm, the conductivity of Cathode Section (3.2) and Anode (3.1 ) will be scarce and no plasma will be produced [0040] Silisum property of the quartz glass being % 96 is selected due to Piezo electricity property of silisium.
(https://link.springer.eom/article/10.1007/BF00824797)
[0041 ] - Device plasma (3) uses a tube (3.3) due to the fact that Anode section (3.1 ) requires spiral (helix) application. In addition to creating more exposure of air, spiral application creates significant heat (80C-90C) and thisdestroys the humidity in normal air (%65), preventing the release of OH free radical, thus preventing the device from dispersing hydrogene ions.
[0042] Another reason Quartz glass has been used is the vibration feature of Quartz glass under Piezo electricity conditions in the electromagnetic field. This prevents the production of Ozone gas by inhibiting reaction of produced oxygene ions with oxygene atoms in the air.
[0043] - Another reason Quartz glass has been used is the heat durability of Quartz glass, especially when compared to ceramics with alternative piezo electricity feature, which requires vibration that must be stimulated with a separate device that creates a magnetic field.
[0044] Filters
[0045] Nano hydroxyapatite filter can be used as an invention in this invention to reduce 85% of toxic gases including NOX , SOX , greenhouse gases and 03. HEPA filter can be used in this invention in order to destroy dust, particle and smoke.
[0046] In case any sensor used in the device works against instructions of usage indoor space for an extreme extended period of time (user error) ,this will trigger anautomatic shutdown of the plasma device.
Reference Signs List
[0047] 1 . Device case
[0048] 2. Device fan
[0049] 3. Plasma
[0050] 3.1 . Anode
[0051] 3.2. Cathode [0052] 3.3. Tube
[0053] 4. Ozone sensor - filters
[0054] 5. Mobile Windbox

Claims

7 Claims
[Claim 1] This invention, is a room environment disinfection device using nano atmospheric oxygen plasma (3) method and it includes; a. Device case (1 ) made of polyethylene, aluminum, steel. b. Device fan (2) that has a timer function for the plasma (3) and without c. specific power requirements (2), d. device plasma (3) consisting of 4 separate sections
[Claim 2] Room environment disinfection device with nano atmospheric oxygen plasma method (3) stipulated in Specification 1 includes a moving windbox (4) that helps negative ions of oxygen distributed evenly.
[Claim 3] Room environment disinfection device with nano atmospheric oxygen plasma method (3) stipulated in Specification 1 includes naked copper conductor 16 cm long and 2.5 mm thick and also includes an anode section (3.1 ) used with 6 spirals (helix). The dimensions could be resized.
[Claim 4] Room environment disinfection device with nano atmospheric oxygen plasma method (3) stipulated in Specification includes a cathode section (3.2) made of nano-titanium coated aluminium 16 cm long and 0.3 mm thick. The dimensions could be resized.
[Claim 5] Room environment disinfection device with nano atmospheric oxygen plasma method (3) stipulated in Specification 1 includes a 2mm thick %96 silisium Quartz glass section, 2 cm diameter and 16 cm long covered with the Anode section (3.1 ) on the top and with the cathode section (3.2) in the interior and it includes a tube (3.3).
[Claim 6] Room environment disinfection device with nano atmospheric oxygen plasma method (3) stipulated in Specification 1 is fed with a 6000 Volt (30 ma) transformer and one of the outputs are connected to the Anode section (3.1 ) whereas the other output is connected to the Cathode Section (3.2) and the 8 device produces a plasma field (3) between the anode section (3.1 ) and the glass. 8
[Claim 7] Room environment disinfection device with nano atmospheric oxygen plasma method (3) stipulated in Specification 1 includes an anode section (3.1 ) applied in the form of a spiral (helix).
[Claim 8] Room environment disinfection device with nano atmospheric oxygen plasma method (3) stipulated in Specification 1 enables the assembly of an adiitional HEPA filter to filter dust, particles and smoke.
[Claim 9] Room environment disinfection device with nano atmospheric oxygen plasma method (3) stipulated in Specification 1 enables the assembly of an adiitional Nano hydroxyapatite filter to filter 85% of toxic gases including NOX , SOX , greenhouse gases and 03.
[Claim 10] Due to the fact that the diameter of the plasma tube and the amount of two coils can be calculated according to Maxwell's law for the production of output ions, so in this innovation number of plasmas also the diameter and length of the plasma tube could be resize in length and radius.
[Claim 11 ] The technology could be installed in all air conditioning systems whether centrally or in air ducts, and also could be used as a separate device. This technology can be installed in all air conditioning systems of transportation including airplanes, metros, buses and minibuses, all kind of cars and trucks , heavy vehicles and non-heavy vehicles and elevators. The mentioned technology could be used in the exhaust of cars and factories or other devices to reduce polluting gases.
PCT/IB2021/058555 2021-09-20 2021-09-20 Atmospheric oxygen plasma for disinfecting air and surface by nanotitanium coating WO2023041962A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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PCT/IB2021/058555 WO2023041962A1 (en) 2021-09-20 2021-09-20 Atmospheric oxygen plasma for disinfecting air and surface by nanotitanium coating

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017081512A1 (en) * 2015-11-11 2017-05-18 Fojlaley Mehrdad Designing and manufacturing deodorant as well as air and surface disinfecting device with the disinfection by oxygen plasma

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017081512A1 (en) * 2015-11-11 2017-05-18 Fojlaley Mehrdad Designing and manufacturing deodorant as well as air and surface disinfecting device with the disinfection by oxygen plasma

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
FOJLALEY MEHRDAD, IMANI EMMETT: "Inactivation Efficiency of Bioaerosols Using NANO-oxygen Plasma Air Purification Device (Bioaerosol Removal from Air with NANO-Oxygen Plasma Air Purification System)", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR & CLINICAL MEDICINE ISSN, vol. 08, no. 1, 1 January 2021 (2021-01-01), pages 1840 - 1844, XP093050023, ISSN: 2515-8260 *

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