WO2023038514A1 - Système de stockage d'énergie hybride d'hydrogène - Google Patents

Système de stockage d'énergie hybride d'hydrogène Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023038514A1
WO2023038514A1 PCT/MY2021/050128 MY2021050128W WO2023038514A1 WO 2023038514 A1 WO2023038514 A1 WO 2023038514A1 MY 2021050128 W MY2021050128 W MY 2021050128W WO 2023038514 A1 WO2023038514 A1 WO 2023038514A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
fuel cell
power
electric vehicle
lithium
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MY2021/050128
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rezal Khairi Bin AHMAD
Mohamad Hafiz Bin ZOLKIPLI
Mohamad Shazwan bin ABDULLAH
Mohd Taufik Bin SULAIMAN
Jagjeet Singh A/L PARDAMAN SINGH
Original Assignee
Nanomalaysia Berhad
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanomalaysia Berhad filed Critical Nanomalaysia Berhad
Publication of WO2023038514A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023038514A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/75—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hydrogen hybrid storage system as hybrid energy storage for powering a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle.
  • the hydrogen hybrid storage system is for powering automobile application such as race car or sports car.
  • Electric vehicle is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion.
  • An electric vehicle may be powered through a collector system by electricity from off-vehicle sources, or may be self-contained with a battery, solar panels, fuel cells or an electric generator to convert fuel to electricity.
  • Electric vehicle is known to be a greener solution from current car technologies that mostly still uses fossil fuels, petroleum as source of energy. In electric vehicles renewable energies are used to replace fossil fuels creating clean energy and a more sustainable earth.
  • Electric vehicle include but are not limited to, road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and electric spacecraft.
  • Hydrogen vehicle is a type of electric vehicle that uses hydrogen fuel for motive power.
  • Hydrogen vehicles include hydrogen-fueled space rockets, as well as automobiles and other transportation vehicles.
  • Power of hydrogen vehicle is generated by converting the chemical energy of hydrogen to mechanical energy, either by reacting hydrogen with oxygen in a fuel cell to power electric motors or, less commonly, by burning hydrogen in an internal combustion engine.
  • the hydrogen can also be produced via process of hydrolysis combined with fuel cells whereby the hydrogen generated will power the fuel cells and lowers the carbon footprint and eliminates the need for large and heavy compresed storage tanks in favor of clean hydrogen.
  • Hydrogen is a carbon-neutral fuel. It can be produced from renewable sources, such as solar or hydro power and used to charge batteries for electric transportation using fuel cells. Hydrogen is the simplest existing element of chemicals only containing a proton and an electron. Hydrogen does not occur naturally as a gas and due to its simplest form is always combined with other elements forming a compound. Hence, technologies have been developed to generate hydrogen in its purest form to be able to utilize hydrogen in its gaseous form for powering various applications. Hydrogen fuel has drawn a lot of interest in recent years particularly in its potential in powering various electrical and mechanical systems. They have been such an interest due to several reasons. For example they are easy to install, are reliable and more powerful than using traditional oilbased engines in cars and power plant.
  • US 819 B2 Patent An example of an existing prior art that relates to a hydrogen vehicle is disclosed in United States Patent No. US 8183819 B2 (hereinafter referred to US 819 B2 Patent) entitled “High-speed charging power supply device and high-speed charging power supply method” having a filing date of 19 February 2008 (Applicant: INSTITUTE FOR ENERGY APPLICATION TECHNOLOGIES CO LTD).
  • US 819 B2 Patent discloses a boosting-charge power supply apparatus and a boosting-charge power supply method capable of supplying electric power for boosting charge to a mobile body such as a vehicle and a ship.
  • the vehicle in US 819 B2 Patent includes passenger car, a sports car, a bus and a truck.
  • US 819 B2 Patent further discloses vehicles such as a transportation vehicle, a railroad car, a streetcar, a monorail car, a construction vehicle, a forklift and the like.
  • the boosting-charge power supply apparatus of US 819 B2 Patent comprises a power supplying means for supplying DC power; a first power storing means for storing DC power from the power supplying means and outputting pure DC power; a charging circuit which sends pure DC power from the first power storing means directly to a mobile body and a power-supply controlling means for stopping the power supplying means from supplying electric power to the first power storing means.
  • US 819 B2 Patent discloses ultracapacitor of an electric double-layer capacitor and a lithium-ion capacitor.
  • WO 474 A1 Publication relates to the field of combustion engines and more particularly to a power generation system.
  • WO 474 A1 Publication discloses a motorised device comprising such a power generation system as well as a method of lowering the fuel consumption of a combustion engine.
  • the power generation system of WO 474 A1 Publication comprises a combustion engine, an electrical power supply unit driven by exhaust fumes generated by said combustion engine and a reversely operated fuel cell connected to the electrical power supply unit and the combustion engine.
  • WO 474 A1 Publication discloses generating electrical power by using a generator and a rotational element for providing mechanical rotational energy for conversion to electrical power.
  • WO 474 A1 Publication also discloses application for automobile which includes vehicles such as buses, trucks, motorcycles etc. as well as other types of devices like aeroplanes, ships and even lawn mowers or chain saws.
  • the type of fuel cell preferred in WO 474 A1 Publication is Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) or Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC).
  • PEMFC Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
  • SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
  • WO 474 A1 Patent further discloses using standard automobile battery or at least one solar cell.
  • the electrical power of WO 474 A1 Publication can be supplied to the fuel cell by other ways such as solar power or wind power.
  • US 590 A1 Publication discloses a hydrogen storage system for a vehicle which is readily attachable to and detachable from the vehicle.
  • the hydrogen storage system of US 590 A1 Publication comprises a hydrogen storage housing that accommodates a hydrogen storage material filled with hydrogen at the outside and easily attached to and detached from the vehicle using a quick connector.
  • US 590 A1 Publication further discloses that hydrogen storage material is a plurality of hydrogen tanks connected through a pipe and a connection device.
  • US 590 A1 Publication discloses application for automobiles including sports utility vehicles (SUV), buses, trucks, various commercial vehicles, watercraft including a variety of boats and ships, aircraft.
  • US 590 A1 Patent’s application also includes motor vehicle such as hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hydrogen-powered vehicles and other alternative fuel vehicles.
  • US 590 A1 Publication can comprise of two or more sources of power, for example both gasoline-powered and electric-powered.
  • WO 337 A1 Publication relates to electric vehicles powered by metal-air batteries.
  • WO 337 A1 Publication discloses a system and a method for extending a range of an electric vehicle by using a graphene -based metal-air battery.
  • the system in WO 337 A1 Publication for extending a range of an electric vehicle comprises a graphene-based metal-air battery system (GMABS), an electrolyte management system (EMS), a flow management system (FMS), one or more auxiliary power sources, and a real-time monitoring and feedback system (RMS).
  • GMABS includes multiple cells electrically connected to each other and filled with an electrolyte for initiating a reaction to generate power.
  • the EMS regulates a temperature of the electrolyte flowing through the cells.
  • the FMS regulates a circulation of the electrolyte in the GMABS.
  • At least one auxiliary power source is connected to the GMABS to receive and deliver the power to components of the electric vehicle.
  • WO 337 A1 Publication further discloses a hydrogen fuel cell configured to operate on the hydrogen gas and provide power for charging the any one of the plurality of auxiliary power sources.
  • the auxiliary power sources is selected from the group consisting of a metal ion battery, a lead acid battery, a nickel- cadmium battery, a redox flow battery, a supercapacitor, a nickel metal hydride battery, a zinc-bromine battery, a poly sulfide -bromide battery, and any combination thereof.
  • the application for WO 337 A1 Publication also includes a battery electric vehicle, a plugin electric vehicle or a plug-in hybrid electric-gasoline vehicle.
  • One aspect of the invention provides hydrogen hybrid storage system as a hybrid energy storage comprising a plurality of lithium-ion battery (102) as base energy source for providing energy density and bulk power; at least one graphene-based ultracapacitor (104) as supporting energy source for providing power density for fast-charging and discharging during transient conditions; and at least one fuel cell stack (106) as a range extender providing high energy density for charging the plurality of lithium-ion battery (102).
  • the at least one fuel cell stack is affixed with at least one on-board hydrogen generation reactor (108) as hydrogen generator for producing hydrogen gas from water via hydrolysis to generate electricity via the fuel cell stacks and powers the fuel cell stacks.
  • at least one on-board hydrogen generation reactor (108) as hydrogen generator for producing hydrogen gas from water via hydrolysis to generate electricity via the fuel cell stacks and powers the fuel cell stacks.
  • the at least one fuel cell stack (106) comprises of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Modules.
  • FIG 1.0a illustrates a diagram of a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 1.0b illustrates components of a hydrogen hybrid storage system in a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • FIG 2.0 illustrates a schematic diagram of a hydrogen hybrid storage system powering a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • FIG 3.0 illustrates a flow chart of a method for powering a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • FIG 4.0 illustrates a flow chart of method of producing hydrogen gas of a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • FIG 5.0 illustrates the modes of operations of a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • FIG 6.0 illustrates a flow chart of a method for a first mode of operation of a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • FIG 7.0 illustrates a flow chart of a method for a second mode of operation of a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • FIG 8.0 illustrates a flow chart of a method for a third mode of operation of a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • FIG 9.0(a-b) illustrates a graph of current draw by motor controller of a hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle powered by a hybrid energy storage system.
  • the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle is for automobile application such as race car or sports car.
  • this specification will describe the present invention according to the preferred embodiments. It is to be understood that limiting the description to the preferred embodiments of the invention is merely to facilitate discussion of the present invention and it is envisioned without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
  • the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle of the present invention is mainly hybridization between a fuel cell electric vehicle and a hybrid electric vehicle.
  • the present invention focuses on the superiority of hydrogen fuel cell and incorporation of nanotechnology of enhanced ultracapacitor.
  • the hydrogen power of the present invention is produced via hydrolysis process that lowers carbon footprint and eliminates the need for large and heavy compresed storage tanks in favor of clean hydrogen.
  • the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle provides an alternative solution to current technology of hydrogen type of electric vehicle that eliminates hassle of fuelling and storage, offers faster-charging process, has higher power density, long lasting battery life and solves problem of having not enough refuelling stations.
  • the present invention offers faster-charging process and long lasting battery life it directly omits the constant need for charging stations as what is highly needed by existing electric vehicles and allows the vehicle to be driven further without the need to be charged often.
  • the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle comprises of a combination of an energy management system with a hydrogen hybrid storage system which is the hybrid energy storage system.
  • the energy management system of the present invention includes a de switch circuit(s), for dictating switching process between energy sources of a hydrogen hybrid storage system, a motor controller for controlling the motor speed and acceleration of a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle and a hydrogen hybrid storage system as a hybrid energy storage system for powering the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle.
  • the components of the hydrogen hybrid storage system are the essential parts of the present invention. Reference is made to FIG 1.0b and FIG 1.0b which illustrates the components of a hydrogen hybrid storage system.
  • the hydrogen hybrid storage system comprises of a plurality of lithium-ion battery (102), at least one graphene-based ultracapacitor (104) and at least one a fuel cell stack (106) affixed with an on-board hydrogen generation reactor (108).
  • the components of the hydrogen hybrid storage system are able to power the present invention with varying energy levels but together, the components provide a collective benefit towards powering the present invention.
  • the plurality of lithium-ion battery (102) serves as a base energy source for the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle to provide energy density and bulk power to the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle. Additionally, the lithium-ion battery provides most of the power required by the present invention. Further, the lithium-ion battery allows the driving of the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle of the present invention to be at constant speed at high speed. In other words, the lithium-ion battery is the component that is the cause for high speed of the present invention.
  • the at least one graphene-based ultracapacitor (104) serve as a supporting energy source for providing power density for lightning fast-charging and prolongs battery life which prevents the need for constant charging.
  • the graphene-based ultracapacitor (104) also provides power density for fast charge and discharge during transient conditions which aids in prolonging of battery life by means of providing transient power during the transient periods.
  • the graphene-based ultracapacitor (104) supplies the necessary power required the by the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • the at least one fuel cell stack (106) serve as range extender providing high energy density to charge the plurality lithium-ion battery (102) and the at least one graphene-based ultracapacitor (104) and for powering up motor of the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle. Additionally, the fuel cell stack provides energy to charge the lithium-ion battery (102) that is actually simultaneously used to power the motor.
  • the fuel cell stack (106) provides energy density higher than batteries via hydrogen as energy source. It not only serves as range extender but also slowly charge the battery and graphene-based ultracapacitor (104) throughout its operation. Moreover, the fuel cell stack delivers cruising speed for the present invention.
  • the type of fuel cells that can be employed for the present invention includes fuel cells of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Modules.
  • the fuel cell stack provides hydrogen energy source by being affixed with an onboard hydrogen generation reactor (108).
  • the on-board hydrogen generation reactor (108) is known as the hydrogen generation system that produces hydrogen gas from water via hydrolysis on board the present invention to supply electricity and powers the fuel cell stacks.
  • water such as distilled water may be used for the on-board hydrogen generation reactor (108).
  • the on-board hydrogen generation reactor (108) creates its own fuel and the waste can be recycled and reuse.
  • the waste or byproducts generated by the on-board hydrogen generation reactor (108) are water and heat.
  • the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle is used for automobile application. Preferably, for race car, sports car or motorsports vehicle.
  • the present invention provides lowest ESR and highest power density.
  • the lowest heat generation for the present invention is under high power profiles.
  • the present invention delivers application usage up to at least 15 years.
  • the present invention integrates technology of hydrogen fuels cells that uses only water as an alternative power source which the waste or byproducts can be reuse and recycled.
  • the hydrogen hybrid storage system is a cartridge that is detachable. As such, when refilling the hydrogen hybrid storage system can be detached which solves problem of expensive hydrogen station and not having enough refuelling station.
  • FIG 2.0 illustrates a schematic diagram of a hydrogen hybrid storage system powering a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • the relationship and connection of each components of the hydrogen hybrid storage system can be seen in FIG 2.0.
  • FIG 3.0 illustrates a flow chart of a method for powering a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • the method (300) comprises of several steps. Firstly, the plurality of lithium-ion battery (102) and at least one graphene-based ultracapacitor is connected to a motor controller through de switch circuits to start up the motor controller (302). Afterwards, the at least one fuel cell stack (106) will be connected to the motor controller in parallel with the plurality of lithium-ion battery (304).
  • the at least one fuel cell stack is operated to run maximum capacity depending on the hydrogen fuel production (306). Which means the fuel cell stack should provide as much power to the motor controller as possible, while the of lithium-ion battery will provide the balance power if the power from the fuel cell stack is not sufficient. If the power of the fuel cell stack is higher than the power consumed by the motor controller, the fuel cell stack should be able to charge back the lithium-ion battery. As such, the plurality of lithium-ion battery will be re-charged when the power generated by at least one fuel cell stack (106) is higher than the power consumed by the motor controller. Then the switching process will be initiated according to a plurality of mode of operations to jerk up the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle to be in drive motion (310).
  • FIG 4.0 illustrates a flow chart of method of producing hydrogen gas of a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • the method (400) comprises steps of reacting water with sodium borohydride, NaBH 4 to initiate the chemical reaction of hydrolysis (402). Afterwards, a cobalt-based catalyst is added to speed up the overall chemical reaction (404). Then the hydrogen gas will be produced and stored in the on-board hydrogen generation reactor (108) until pressure in the chamber reaction reaches pressure within range of 200 kPA-400 kPa (2-4 bar) (406). The hydrogen gas will then be fed into the fuel cell stack via a network of solenoid valves once the pressure is able to provide a flow rate of 65 Litres of Hydrogen gas per minute (408).
  • FIG 5.0 illustrates the modes of operations of a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle of the present invention.
  • the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle employs three type of modes of operation of which a first mode (502) includes a plurality of lithium-ion battery (102) combined with at least one graphene-based ultracapacitor whereby a second mode (504) includes a plurality of lithium-ion battery (102) combined with at least one fuel cell stack (106) and a third mode (506) includes a plurality of lithium-ion battery (102) combined with at least one graphene-based ultracapacitor (104) together with at least one fuel cell stack (106).
  • the modes are the basic modes of operation for the present invention, where the present invention will be able to operate when only one of the energy sources is available.
  • FIG 6.0 illustrates a flow chart of a method for a first mode of operation of a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle.
  • the method (600) of the first mode of operation comprises steps of connecting a plurality of lithium-ion battery (102) and at least one graphene-based ultracapacitor (104) to a motor controller through de switch circuits to start up the motor controller (602). Then, with the current configuration the graphene-based ultracapacitor will be tied directly with the plurality of lithium-ion battery in parallel so that the graphene-based ultracapacitor will have same voltage as the lithium-ion battery (604). For 96V voltage, both lithium-ion battery and graphene-based ultracapacitor will be charged up to at least 120V (606). Afterwards, the power is supplied to the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle at high current loading. In terms of utilization, this parallel configuration will only provide the transient power support for the lithium-ion battery to power the electric vehicle at high current loading.
  • FIG 7.0 illustrates a flow chart of a method for a second mode of operation of a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle.
  • the method (700) includes steps of assembling at least one fuel cell stack (106) of at least 2 units of 5kW rated Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Modules (702) which will result in a 10kW rated power for the whole fuel cell stack system.
  • the hydrogen and oxygen will then react with each other and generate electricity through proton-conducting polymer membrane within the stack (706).
  • the at least one fuel cell stack (106) will be connected to the motor controller in parallel with the plurality of lithium-ion battery (708).
  • the at least one fuel cell stack is operated to run maximum capacity depending on the hydrogen fuel production (710).
  • the fuel cell stack should provide as much power to the motor controller as possible, while the of lithium-ion battery will provide the balance power if the power from the fuel cell stack is not sufficient. If the power of the fuel cell stack is higher than the power consumed by the motor controller, the fuel cell stack should be able to charge back the lithium-ion battery. As such, the plurality of lithium-ion battery will be re-charged when the power generated by at least one fuel cell stack (106) is higher than the power consumed by the motor controller (712). Next, optimal power rating of at least 70V or 70A per 5kW stack unit is produced (714). This voltage from the stacks will then be amplified from 70V to 96V range through the use of DC-DC boost converters whereby 96V would be the required nominal voltage to power the motor controller of the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle (716).
  • FIG 8.0 illustrates a flow chart of a method for a third mode of operation of a hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle.
  • the method (800) comprises steps of connecting a plurality of lithium-ion battery (102) and at least one graphene-based ultracapacitor (104) to a motor controller through de switch circuits to start up the motor controller (802). Then, with the current configuration the graphene- based ultracapacitor will be tied directly with the plurality of lithium-ion battery in parallel so that the graphene-based ultracapacitor will have same voltage as the lithium-ion battery (804). For 96V voltage, both lithium-ion battery and graphene-based ultracapacitor will be charged up to at least 120V (806).
  • the power is supplied to the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle at high current loading (808).
  • this parallel configuration will only provide the transient power support for the lithium-ion battery to power the electric vehicle at high current loading.
  • Next step is assembling at least one fuel cell stack (106) of at least 2 units of 5kW rated Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Modules (810) which will result in a 10kW rated power for the whole fuel cell stack system (812).
  • the hydrogen and oxygen will then react with each other and generate electricity through proton-conducting polymer membrane within the stack (814).
  • the at least one fuel cell stack (106) will be connected to the motor controller in parallel with the plurality of lithium-ion battery (816).
  • the at least one fuel cell stack is operated to run maximum capacity depending on the hydrogen fuel production (818). Which means the fuel cell stack should provide as much power to the motor controller as possible, while the of lithium-ion battery will provide the balance power if the power from the fuel cell stack is not sufficient. If the power of the fuel cell stack is higher than the power consumed by the motor controller, the fuel cell stack should be able to charge back the lithium-ion battery. As such, the plurality of lithium-ion battery will be re-charged when the power generated by at least one fuel cell stack (106) is higher than the power consumed by the motor controller (820).
  • the voltage from the at least one fuel cell stack (106) is amplified in a range of 70V to 96V using DC-DC boost converters to provide high energy density to charge the plurality of lithium-ion battery (102) and at least one graphene-based ultracapacitor for powering up motor controller of the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle (822).
  • Mode 1 to mode 3 are operations with just one of the three energy sources. These are the basic modes of operation, where the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle will be able to operate when only one of the sources is available.
  • Mode 2 to mode 7 are operations with two or three sources available. Due to the different response time of the sources, parallel operation of two sources provides some characteristics as follows:
  • Mode 4 Mode 5 and Mode 7.
  • FIG 9.0(a-b) illustrates a graph of current draw by motor controller of a hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention. Both graph compares the DC current drawn by the motor controller when operating with lithium-ion battery, (mode 1 ), graphene-based ultracapacitor (mode 2), and graphene-based ultracapacitor combined with lithium-ion battery (mode 4).
  • the test is conducted by pressing the throttle to its maximum position and holding the position until the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle reaches 80km/h on the dyno measurement for exception for mode 2, where the graphene-based ultracapacitor voltage has reduced below the minimum controller voltage before the hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle is able to reach 80km/h.
  • FIG 9.0b shows that the lithium-ion battery and graphene-based ultracapacitor currents in Mode 1 and Mode 4.
  • the transient current at the start of the test was provided by the graphene-based ultracapacitor, such that the peak current drawn from the lithium-ion battery was reduced from around 250 A to 200A.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de stockage hybride d'hydrogène sous forme de stockage d'énergie hybride. La présente invention comprend trois sous-systèmes de stockage d'énergie principaux et un système de génération d'hydrogène, à savoir la batterie au lithium-ion (102), un ultracondensateur à base de graphène (104) et des piles à combustible à base d'hydrogène (106), le composant d'hydrogène étant un réacteur de génération d'hydrogène à bord (108). L'hydrogène gazeux est généré à bord du véhicule électrique hybride à hydrogène, par conversion de l'électricité par le biais de la pile à combustible qui alimente le moteur, l'ultracondensateur (104) assurant un processus de charge encore plus rapide et prolongeant la durée de vie de la batterie. En outre, la production d'hydrogène est assurée par hydrolyse, ce qui alimente la pile à combustible (106) et réduit l'empreinte carbone simultanément en éliminant le besoin de réservoirs de stockage de grande taille et à forte compression en faveur de l'hydrogène propre.
PCT/MY2021/050128 2021-09-08 2021-12-30 Système de stockage d'énergie hybride d'hydrogène WO2023038514A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MYPI2021005187 2021-09-08
MYPI2021005187 2021-09-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023038514A1 true WO2023038514A1 (fr) 2023-03-16

Family

ID=85506875

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/MY2021/050128 WO2023038514A1 (fr) 2021-09-08 2021-12-30 Système de stockage d'énergie hybride d'hydrogène

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2023038514A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100999191A (zh) * 2006-12-28 2007-07-18 奇瑞汽车有限公司 混合动力汽车的燃料电池动力系统
KR20080003905A (ko) * 2005-05-05 2008-01-08 에이에프에스 트리니티 파워 코포레이션 고속 에너지 저장 장치를 포함하는 플러그인 하이브리드차량
US7768233B2 (en) * 2007-10-04 2010-08-03 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Dynamically adaptive method for determining the state of charge of a battery
US20110311895A1 (en) * 2010-06-16 2011-12-22 Apple Inc. Fuel cell system to power a portable computing device
WO2012125954A2 (fr) * 2011-03-16 2012-09-20 Johnson Controls Technology Company Systèmes de source d'énergie à dispositifs présentant des états de charge différentiels

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20080003905A (ko) * 2005-05-05 2008-01-08 에이에프에스 트리니티 파워 코포레이션 고속 에너지 저장 장치를 포함하는 플러그인 하이브리드차량
CN100999191A (zh) * 2006-12-28 2007-07-18 奇瑞汽车有限公司 混合动力汽车的燃料电池动力系统
US7768233B2 (en) * 2007-10-04 2010-08-03 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Dynamically adaptive method for determining the state of charge of a battery
US20110311895A1 (en) * 2010-06-16 2011-12-22 Apple Inc. Fuel cell system to power a portable computing device
WO2012125954A2 (fr) * 2011-03-16 2012-09-20 Johnson Controls Technology Company Systèmes de source d'énergie à dispositifs présentant des états de charge différentiels

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7147072B2 (en) Method and apparatus for providing hybrid power in vehicle
US7910250B2 (en) System and method for recharging a metal-air converter used for vehicle propulsion
CN100585940C (zh) 用可再充电储电装置降低由电压循环变化所致的电压损失
Appleby The electrochemical engine for vehicles
CN105140553A (zh) 具有多组甲醇水重整制氢发电模组的移动式充电站及方法
WO2017107253A1 (fr) Ensemble d'alimentation électrique pure à énergie associée à l'hydrogène
CN205248374U (zh) 具有多组甲醇水重整制氢发电模组的移动式充电站
Von Jouanne et al. Gone with the wind: innovative hydrogen/fuel cell electric vehicle infrastructure based on wind energy sources
Kötz et al. HY. POWER–A fuel cell car boosted with supercapacitors
Sakamoto et al. Basic study on fuel-cell-hybrid-electric-vehicle fueled by sodium borohydride
Yeetsorn et al. Hydrogen fuel cell implementation for the transportation sector
WO2023038514A1 (fr) Système de stockage d'énergie hybride d'hydrogène
WO2023128748A1 (fr) Véhicule électrique hybride à hydrogène
Usmanov et al. State of the art of fuel cell technology in automotive industry
Moghbelli et al. A comparative review of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) part II: control strategies, power train, total cost, infrastructure, new developments, and manufacturing & commercialization
Babu et al. A Peer Review of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Step-Up Multi-input Dc-Dc Converter and renewable energy source
Chen Ultracapacitor boosted fuel cell hybrid vehicle
Shukla et al. Future cars: The electric option
Nikam et al. Fuel Cell in Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Billings et al. Lasercell prototype vehicle
Büchi et al. Fuel cell supercap hybrid electric power train
Umidjon et al. STATE OF THE ART OF FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
Nazri Issues in energy storage for electric-based transportation
Codina System Level modelling of fuel cell driven electric vehicles
CN113964338A (zh) 一种高效的燃料电池膜电极的活化方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 21956916

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE