WO2023035708A1 - 风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置及其选取方法 - Google Patents

风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置及其选取方法 Download PDF

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WO2023035708A1
WO2023035708A1 PCT/CN2022/098268 CN2022098268W WO2023035708A1 WO 2023035708 A1 WO2023035708 A1 WO 2023035708A1 CN 2022098268 W CN2022098268 W CN 2022098268W WO 2023035708 A1 WO2023035708 A1 WO 2023035708A1
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wind turbine
blade
sound
sound signal
sound pressure
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PCT/CN2022/098268
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王剑钊
李卫东
任鑫
王�华
童彤
王恩民
赵鹏程
李小翔
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中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司
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Priority to EP22851004.6A priority Critical patent/EP4180658A4/en
Publication of WO2023035708A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023035708A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0691—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0296—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor to prevent, counteract or reduce noise emissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/333—Noise or sound levels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05B2270/81—Microphones
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the disclosure belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and in particular relates to an optimal position for collecting sound signals of fan blades and a selection method thereof.
  • Wind turbines are increasingly being used in large quantities. Wind turbines are generally located in harsh environments. Continuous erosion such as wind and sand, freezing, salt spray, and impact will cause blade damage and failure. In severe cases, blade breakage will occur. Safety and other accidents, resulting in greater economic losses.
  • blade damage and faults have been mostly relied on on-site patrol inspection by maintenance personnel, and the method of hearing abnormal aerodynamic sounds through artificial ears to judge whether the blade is working normally is greatly affected by the climate and the efficiency is not high.
  • some electronic devices judge blade failures by collecting sound signals emitted by blades, and then analyze them in time domain and frequency domain.
  • the electronic equipment for collecting and capturing sound signals will change greatly due to different placement positions, and the collected sound signals are often not effective signals, which brings great obstacles to analyzing blade faults through sound signals.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide an optimal location for sound signal collection of fan blades and its selection method, which can obtain a relatively high-amplitude sound pressure intensity, and the spectrum distribution of the collected sound signals is relatively wide, which can meet the needs of high-quality sound collection and analysis of blades. At the same time, it can superimpose the sound characteristics generated by blade faults, which is conducive to the next step of fault feature analysis.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure proposes an optimal position for sound signal collection of fan blades.
  • the optimal position is located on the vertical projection of the wind turbine impeller’s windward rotation plane on the ground.
  • the distance between the optimal position and the center point of the tower is R ⁇ sin ⁇ , R is the radius of rotation of the impeller, and ⁇ is the angle between the blade closest to the ground and the vertical axis of the tower when the sound pressure and sound pressure level intensity generated by the normal operation of the wind turbine are at their maximum.
  • ⁇ is 50°.
  • Another embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a method for selecting the optimal position for collecting the sound signal of the above-mentioned fan blade, including:
  • S1 Select the main wind direction of the wind turbine, and determine the windward rotation plane of the impeller of the wind turbine according to the main wind direction;
  • S3 Measure the sound pressure and sound pressure level intensity generated during normal operation of the wind turbine. When the sound pressure and sound pressure level are at their maximum value, the tip of the blade is on the vertical projection of the wind turbine impeller's windward rotation plane on the ground. The projection point of is the optimal position for collecting the sound signal of the fan blade.
  • the impeller rotates clockwise against the wind.
  • the specification parameters of the wind turbine include the radius of the hub of the wind turbine and the length of the blades.
  • the included angle between the blade closest to the ground and the vertical axis of the tower is 50°.
  • the optimal position for collecting the sound signal of the fan blade in the embodiment of the present disclosure is simple, the sound pressure intensity of a higher amplitude can be obtained, and the spectrum distribution of the collected sound signal is relatively wide, which can meet the high-quality sound collection and analysis of the blade At the same time, it can superimpose the sound characteristics generated by blade faults, which is conducive to the next step of fault feature analysis.
  • the method for selecting the optimal position for collecting the sound signal of the above-mentioned fan blade proposed by the embodiments of the present disclosure is to determine the windward rotation plane of the impeller of the wind turbine, and when the sound pressure and sound pressure level intensity generated by the normal operation of the wind turbine are at the maximum value, this At this time, the projection point of the blade tip on the vertical projection of the wind turbine impeller's windward rotation plane on the ground is determined as the optimal position for collecting the sound signal of the fan blade.
  • the aerodynamic sound emitted when the impeller of the wind turbine sweeps the wind is mainly generated at the leading edge of the blade.
  • the sound pressure and sound pressure level intensity generated by the wind turbine are at their maximum, the sound is collected from the projection point of the blade tip vertically downward to the ground position.
  • the sound pressure and sound pressure level obtained by the signal are also maximum.
  • the sound pressure and sound pressure level intensity generated are the highest.
  • the distance between the blade closest to the ground and the vertical axis of the tower is The angle between them is 50°.
  • each wind turbine in the wind field is affected by the direction of the wind, and the impeller rotation will have one or two main wind rotation planes. According to the change of the wind direction, several fan blade sound signals are added. Acquisition points can effectively improve the accuracy of signal acquisition.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of a wind turbine rotating in the wind
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optimal position for collecting sound signals of fan blades.
  • 1 is the tower
  • 2 is the blade
  • 3 is the hub
  • 4 is the vertical projection of the wind turbine impeller's windward rotation plane on the ground.
  • the optimal position for collecting the sound signal of the fan blade in the embodiment of the present disclosure is located on the vertical projection 4 of the wind turbine impeller's windward rotation plane on the ground, that is, the line segment where OB is located in the figure, and the optimal position and
  • the angle, ⁇ , between the nearest blade on the ground and the vertical axis of the tower is generally 50°.
  • B is the projection point of the maximum rotation radius of the impeller.
  • the method for selecting the optimal location for collecting the fan blade sound signal proposed by the embodiments of the present disclosure includes: S1-S3.
  • S1 Select the main wind direction of the wind turbine, and determine the windward rotation plane of the impeller of the wind turbine according to the main wind direction; the impeller usually rotates clockwise.
  • S2 Calculate the radius of the windward rotation plane of the impeller of the wind turbine according to the specification parameters of the wind turbine; the specification parameters of the wind turbine include the radius of the hub 3 of the wind turbine and the length of the blade 2 .
  • the optimal position D point changes accordingly, but the optimal position D point is on the same plane as the rotation plane.
  • the fluctuation range of the main wind direction in the same season according to the fluctuation range of the main wind direction in the same season, several sound signal collection points of fan blades are added. In the same season, there may be small-scale fluctuations in the main wind direction. According to the fluctuation range, adding a number of fan blade sound signal collection points can effectively improve the accuracy of signal collection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)

Abstract

提出了一种风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置及其选取方法，通过确定风电机组的叶轮迎风旋转平面，当风电机组正常运行产生的声压和声压级强度为最大值时，将该叶片叶尖在风电机组叶轮迎风旋转平面在地面的垂直投影上的投影点确定为风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置。风电机组叶轮旋转扫风时发出的气动声音主要产生于叶片前缘端，当声压和声压级强度最大时，此时的叶尖垂直向下到地面位置的投影点采集声音信号获得的声压和声压级也最大。

Description

风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置及其选取方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202111051210.X、申请日为2021年9月8日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本公开属于风力发电技术领域，具体涉及一种风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置及其选取方法。
背景技术
随着新能源发电技术的发展，风力发电机组越来越多地被大量应用。风力发电机组一般地处恶劣环境，风沙、冰冻、盐雾、冲击等持续性侵蚀会造成叶片损坏、故障，严重时会发生叶片断裂，不仅影响风力发电机组正常发电，还可能发生人身安全、设备安全等事故，造成较大的经济损失。
长期以来，叶片损坏故障多靠维护人员现场巡逻检查，通过人工耳朵听辨气动声音异常的方法来判断叶片是否工作正常，受气候影响大，效率不高。相关技术中，有一些电子设备通过采集叶片发出的声音信号，再进行时域、频域分析来判断叶片故障，但因为风电机组地处野外，叶片受激发出呼啸声音受各种气动噪声影响，而采集捕捉声音信号的电子设备因放置位置的不同会发生很大变化，采集到的声音信号经常不是有效信号，给通过声音信号分析叶片故障带来极大障碍。
发明内容
本公开的目的在于提供一种风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置及其选取方法，能够获得较高幅度的声压强度，采集到的声音信号的频谱分布较宽泛，能 满足叶片高质量声音采集分析故障的需要，同时能叠加叶片故障所产生的声音特征，有利于进行下一步故障特征分析。
本公开是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
本公开一方面实施例提出了一种风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置，所述最优位置位于风电机组叶轮迎风旋转平面在地面的垂直投影上，所述最优位置与塔筒中心点的距离为R×sinα，R为叶轮的旋转半径，α为风电机组正常运行产生的声压和声压级强度最大时，距离地面最近的叶片与塔筒竖直轴线之间的夹角。
在一些实施例中，α为50°。
本公开另一方面实施例提出了一种上述风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置的选取方法，包括：
S1：选定风电机组主要来风方向，并根据主要来风方向确定风电机组叶轮迎风旋转平面；
S2：根据风电机组的规格参数，计算风电机组叶轮迎风旋转平面的半径；
S3：测量风电机组正常运行时产生的声压和声压级强度，当声压和声压级强度为最大值时，此时该叶片叶尖在风电机组叶轮迎风旋转平面在地面的垂直投影上的投影点，即为风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置。
在一些实施例中，S1中，叶轮旋转方向为迎风顺时针。
在一些实施例中，S2中，风电机组的规格参数包括风机轮毂半径和叶片长度。
在一些实施例中，S3中，当声压和声压级强度为最大值时，距离地面最近的叶片与塔筒竖直轴线之间的夹角为50°。
在一些实施例中，S3中，根据同一季节主要来风方向的波动范围，增设若干风机叶片声音信号采集点。
在一些实施例中，S3中，根据不同季节主要来风方向的改变，增设若干 风机叶片声音信号采集点。
本公开具有以下有益的技术效果：
本公开实施例中的风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置，位置点的设置简单，能够获得较高幅度的声压强度，采集到的声音信号的频谱分布较宽泛，能满足叶片高质量声音采集分析故障的需要，同时能叠加叶片故障所产生的声音特征，有利于进行下一步故障特征分析。
由于风电场风电机组大多布置在环境恶劣的野外，针对叶片损伤的检测，越来越多采用收集声音信号进行时频域分析的电子检测装置来实现，但前端采集的声音信号的品质有很大差别，有些甚至不能反映叶片故障所产生的声音特征，对后续故障分析造成较大影响。本公开实施例提出的上述风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置的选取方法，通过确定风电机组的叶轮迎风旋转平面，当风电机组正常运行产生的声压和声压级强度为最大值时，将此时该叶片叶尖在风电机组叶轮迎风旋转平面在地面的垂直投影上的投影点确定为风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置。风电机组叶轮旋转扫风时发出的气动声音主要产生于叶片前缘端，当风电机组产生的声压和声压级强度最大时，此时的叶尖垂直向下到地面位置的投影点采集声音信号获得的声压和声压级也最大。通过在该点设置声音信号采集装置，一是可以采集到较高幅度的声压强度；二是声音信号的频谱分布较宽泛，介于0到8KHz范围内，满足叶片高质量声音采集分析故障的需要；三是采集到声音信号能叠加叶片故障所产生的声音特征，有利于进一步特征分析。
进一步地，经过试验，当风电机组叶轮顺时针旋转到与12点时钟方向夹角130°时，产生的声压和声压级强度最大，此时距离地面最近的叶片与塔筒竖直轴线之间的夹角为50°。
进一步地，同一季节中，主要来风方向可能存在小范围的波动，根据波动范围增设若干风机叶片声音信号采集点，能够有效提高信号采集的精度。
进一步地，不同季节由于季节来风的原因，风场每台风电机组受到来风方向的影响，叶轮旋转会有一到两个主要来风旋转平面，根据来风方向的改变增设若干风机叶片声音信号采集点，能够有效提高信号采集的精度。
附图说明
图1为风电机组迎风旋转平面正视图；
图2为风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置的示意图。
图中：1为塔筒，2为叶片，3为轮毂，4为风电机组叶轮迎风旋转平面在地面的垂直投影。
具体实施方式
下面以附图和具体实施例对本公开做进一步的详细说明，所述是对本公开的解释而不是限定。
如图1和图2，本公开实施例的风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置，位于风电机组叶轮迎风旋转平面在地面的垂直投影4上，即图中OB所在的线段，所述最优位置与塔筒中心点O的距离为R×sinα，R为叶轮的旋转半径，叶轮的旋转半径R＝轮毂半径+叶片长度；α为风电机组正常运行产生的声压和声压级强度最大时，距离地面最近的叶片与塔筒竖直轴线之间的夹角，α一般为50°。B为叶轮的最大旋转半径投影点。
本公开实施例提出的上述风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置的选取方法，包括：S1-S3。
S1：选定风电机组主要来风方向，并根据主要来风方向确定风电机组叶轮迎风旋转平面；叶轮旋转通常为顺时针旋转。
S2：根据风电机组的规格参数，计算风电机组叶轮迎风旋转平面的半径；风电机组的规格参数包括风机轮毂3半径和叶片2长度。
S3：测量风电机组正常运行时产生的声压和声压级强度，当声压和声压级强度为最大值时，此时该叶片2叶尖在风电机组叶轮迎风旋转平面在地面的垂 直投影4上的投影点D，即为风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置。经过试验，当风电机组叶轮顺时针旋转到与12点时钟方向夹角130°时，产生的声压和声压级强度最大，此时距离地面最近的叶片2与塔筒1竖直轴线之间的夹角为50°。
来风方向改变，最优位置D点随之改变，但最优位置D点与旋转平面在同一平面上。
在本公开的一个实施例中，根据同一季节主要来风方向的波动范围，增设若干风机叶片声音信号采集点。同一季节中，主要来风方向可能存在小范围的波动，根据波动范围增设若干风机叶片声音信号采集点，能够有效提高信号采集的精度。
在本公开的一个实施例中，根据不同季节主要来风方向的改变，增设若干风机叶片声音信号采集点。不同季节由于季节来风的原因，风场每台风电机组受到来风方向的影响，叶轮旋转会有一到两个主要来风旋转平面，根据来风方向的改变增设若干风机叶片声音信号采集点，能够有效提高信号采集的精度。
需要说明的是，以上所述仅为本公开实施方式的一部分，根据本公开所描述的系统所做的等效变化，均包括在本公开的保护范围内。本公开所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实例做类似的方式替代，只要不偏离本公开的结构或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均属于本公开的保护范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置，其特征在于，所述最优位置位于风电机组叶轮迎风旋转平面在地面的垂直投影上，所述最优位置与塔筒(1)中心点的距离为R×sinα，R为叶轮的旋转半径，α为风电机组正常运行产生的声压和声压级强度最大时，距离地面最近的叶片(2)与塔筒(1)竖直轴线之间的夹角。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置，其特征在于，α为50°。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置的选取方法，其特征在于，包括：
    S1：选定风电机组主要来风方向，并根据主要来风方向确定风电机组叶轮迎风旋转平面；
    S2：根据风电机组的规格参数，计算风电机组叶轮迎风旋转平面的半径；
    S3：测量风电机组正常运行时产生的声压和声压级强度，当声压和声压级强度为最大值时，此时该叶片(2)叶尖在风电机组叶轮迎风旋转平面在地面的垂直投影(4)上的投影点，即为风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置的选取方法，其特征在于，S1中，叶轮旋转方向为迎风顺时针。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置的选取方法，其特征在于，S2中，风电机组的规格参数包括风机轮毂(3)半径和叶片(2)长度。
  6. 如权利要求3至5中任一项所述的风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置的选取方法，其特征在于，S3中，当声压和声压级强度为最大值时，距离地面最近的叶片(2)与塔筒(1)竖直轴线之间的夹角为50°。
  7. 如权利要求3至6中任一项所述的风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置的选取方法，其特征在于，S3中，根据同一季节主要来风方向的波动范围，增设若干风机叶片声音信号采集点。
  8. 如权利要求3至7中任一项所述的风机叶片声音信号采集最优位置的选取方法，其特征在于，S3中，根据不同季节主要来风方向的改变，增设若干风机叶片声音信号采集点。
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