WO2023030928A1 - Dispositif a transducteurs electromecaniques pour la detection d'approche et/ou de contact dans un vehicule automobile - Google Patents
Dispositif a transducteurs electromecaniques pour la detection d'approche et/ou de contact dans un vehicule automobile Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023030928A1 WO2023030928A1 PCT/EP2022/073231 EP2022073231W WO2023030928A1 WO 2023030928 A1 WO2023030928 A1 WO 2023030928A1 EP 2022073231 W EP2022073231 W EP 2022073231W WO 2023030928 A1 WO2023030928 A1 WO 2023030928A1
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- Prior art keywords
- motor vehicle
- frequency
- electromechanical transducer
- vibration
- electrical
- Prior art date
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- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000010358 mechanical oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
- G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
- G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/0207—Driving circuits
- B06B1/0215—Driving circuits for generating pulses, e.g. bursts of oscillations, envelopes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/04—Systems determining presence of a target
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
- G01S7/521—Constructional features
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
- G10K9/18—Details, e.g. bulbs, pumps, pistons, switches or casings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- B06B2201/50—Application to a particular transducer type
- B06B2201/55—Piezoelectric transducer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- B06B2201/70—Specific application
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
- E05F15/40—Safety devices, e.g. detection of obstructions or end positions
- E05F15/42—Detection using safety edges
- E05F15/43—Detection using safety edges responsive to disruption of energy beams, e.g. light or sound
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
- E05F15/40—Safety devices, e.g. detection of obstructions or end positions
- E05F15/42—Detection using safety edges
- E05F15/43—Detection using safety edges responsive to disruption of energy beams, e.g. light or sound
- E05F2015/432—Detection using safety edges responsive to disruption of energy beams, e.g. light or sound with acoustical sensors
- E05F2015/433—Detection using safety edges responsive to disruption of energy beams, e.g. light or sound with acoustical sensors using reflection from the obstruction
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
- E05Y2900/53—Type of wing
- E05Y2900/531—Doors
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of the automobile and more particularly that of the detection of presence and / or contact in a motor vehicle, to detect a rimpedement and / or a direct physical contact between a motor vehicle and a target. such as an obstacle or an individual.
- An object of the invention is to propose a solution which ultimately makes it possible to detect a contact and/or an approach of a motor vehicle, and which offers very low energy consumption.
- a device for a contact and/or approach detection system on a motor vehicle comprising: a) a vibration generator, which comprises :
- a first electromechanical transducer configured to generate a mechanical movement in response to an electrical excitation signal, and configured to be mounted on an external element of said motor vehicle;
- an electrical signal generator configured to supply the electrical excitation signal to the first electromechanical transducer, the electrical excitation signal oscillating at an excitation frequency
- a rechargeable energy storage device configured to supply electrical energy to the electrical signal generator
- a vibration sensor consisting of a second electromechanical transducer which is configured to generate an electrical response signal in response to mechanical displacement and to be mounted on said external element of the motor vehicle; wherein an output of the vibration sensor is electrically connected to the rechargeable energy storage device, so that, in use, at least a portion of the electrical response signal recharges the rechargeable energy storage device.
- the external element of the motor vehicle preferably denotes a mechanical part formed in one piece, forming in use at least part of the external surface of the motor vehicle. It is for example a bodywork element. As a variant, it may be a window. Preferably, said external element extends along a surface defined by a maximum width and a maximum length, with a ratio of between 1 and 5 between the length and the width, where the length and the width denote the dimensions along two orthogonal axes. of the same plane, with the length greater than or equal to the width.
- the vibration generator In use, the vibration generator generates vibrations, which it transmits to the external element of the motor vehicle.
- the vibrations of the external element of the motor vehicle are linked not only to the mechanical vibrations generated by the first electromechanical transducer, but also to the impact of the environment around the external element of the motor vehicle.
- the vibration of the external element of the motor vehicle generates the emission of an acoustic wave in the environment surrounding the vehicle, which is reflected on any obstacles around the vehicle.
- the reflected acoustic wave is phase-shifted relative to the emitted acoustic wave, with a phase shift which varies at the same time as the distance between the obstacle and the vehicle.
- the reflected acoustic wave also has a frequency shift, linked to the speed of the obstacle relative to the speed of the vehicle (Doppler effect).
- This acoustic wave, out of phase and shifted in frequency propagates to the external element of the motor vehicle and influences its mechanical vibration.
- an electromechanical transducer configured to generate an electrical response signal in response to a mechanical displacement
- the vibration sensor uses the vibration sensor not only to measure mechanical vibrations, but also to recharge a rechargeable energy storage device which powers the vibration generator.
- a contact and/or approach detection device is thus produced, which ultimately has a very low energy consumption. Furthermore, the device according to the invention only uses inexpensive components. Finally, the device according to the invention is easy to integrate into a motor vehicle. It can be integrated entirely inside the vehicle, with the electromechanical transducers located on the external element of the motor vehicle and the interior side of the vehicle. This avoids any degradation or premature wear of the device according to the invention.
- the vibrations generated by the first electromechanical transducer are low enough not to be perceived by a human operator, but sufficient to be perceived by the vibration sensor.
- the device according to the invention further comprises a control unit, configured to monitor an energy level of the rechargeable energy storage device and to control the frequency of the electrical signal d excitation supplied to the first electromechanical transducer so that: a) when the energy level of the rechargeable energy storage device is below a predetermined threshold, the frequency of the electrical excitation signal is equal to a resonance frequency of the external element of the motor vehicle; b) when the energy level of the rechargeable device of energy storage is greater than said predetermined threshold, the frequency of the electrical excitation signal is distinct from said resonance frequency of the external element of the motor vehicle.
- a control unit configured to monitor an energy level of the rechargeable energy storage device and to control the frequency of the electrical signal d excitation supplied to the first electromechanical transducer so that: a) when the energy level of the rechargeable energy storage device is below a predetermined threshold, the frequency of the electrical excitation signal is equal to a resonance frequency of the external element of the motor vehicle; b) when the energy level of the rechargeable device of energy storage is greater than said predetermined
- a resonance frequency of the external element of the motor vehicle denotes the frequency of a natural mode of vibration of the latter, in particular the fundamental mode, or a harmonic mode.
- the frequency of the electrical excitation signal, supplied at the input of the first electromechanical transducer, is equal to the frequency of the mechanical oscillation generated in response by the latter.
- the frequency of the electrical excitation signal is equal to a resonance frequency of the mechanical element, this results in a resonance, and therefore a large amplitude of the vibrations of the mechanical element (excluding the influence of the environment outside).
- the control unit controls the vibration of the vibration generator, at an excitation frequency equal to a resonance frequency of the external element of the motor vehicle.
- the vibration of the external element of the motor vehicle then enters into resonance.
- the amplitude of the vibration of the external member of the motor vehicle increases, which makes it possible to recover a large amount of energy to recharge the rechargeable energy storage device.
- the excitation frequency used is the frequency of the fundamental mode of vibration of the external element of the motor vehicle.
- the excitation frequency used is equal to the frequency of a harmonic mode of vibration of the external element of the motor vehicle, of the first or even second order
- a mode of vibration of the external element of the vehicle automobile is defined by: - a mode along a first axis of a plane of said external element, and
- the mode of vibration of the external element is said to be fundamental when the mode according to said first axis and the mode according to said second axis are both fundamental modes. In all other cases, the mode of vibration of the external element is said to be harmonic.
- the order of a harmonic mode of vibration of the external element corresponds to the highest order among the order of the mode according to said first axis and the order of the mode according to said second axis.
- the control unit sets the excitation frequency to a value distinct from that used in the previous mode of operation.
- the vibration of the external element of the motor vehicle then has a limited amplitude, which makes it possible to avoid nuisances, in particular noise pollution, in the surrounding environment.
- the counterpart is that the amplitude of the electrical response signal is also lower, so that the charging of the rechargeable energy storage device is slower.
- the quantity of energy used to generate the vibrations is then greater than the quantity of energy recovered to recharge the rechargeable energy storage device.
- the excitation frequency is then fixed at a value distinct from the frequency of the fundamental mode of vibration of the external element of the motor vehicle.
- said excitation frequency is then fixed at a value distinct from the frequency of at least one harmonic mode of vibration of the external element of the motor vehicle, of the first and/or of the second order.
- the device according to the invention further comprises a control unit, configured to monitor an energy level of the rechargeable energy storage device and to control the frequency of the electrical excitation signal so that : a) when the energy level of the rechargeable energy storage device is lower than a predetermined threshold, the frequency of the electric excitation signal is equal to a resonance frequency of the external element of the motor vehicle; b) when the energy level of the rechargeable energy storage device is above said predetermined threshold, the frequency of the signal electric excitation is distinct from said resonance frequency of the external element of the motor vehicle.
- a control unit configured to monitor an energy level of the rechargeable energy storage device and to control the frequency of the electrical excitation signal so that : a) when the energy level of the rechargeable energy storage device is lower than a predetermined threshold, the frequency of the electric excitation signal is equal to a resonance frequency of the external element of the motor vehicle; b) when the energy level of the rechargeable energy storage device is above said predetermined threshold, the frequency of the signal electric excitation is distinct from said resonance frequency of the external element of the
- Said resonance frequency of the external element of the motor vehicle is advantageously the frequency of the fundamental mode of vibration of the external element of the motor vehicle.
- said resonance frequency of the external element of the motor vehicle may be the frequency of a harmonic mode of vibration of the external element of the motor vehicle.
- the first electromechanical transducer advantageously comprises at least one piezoelectric element.
- the second electromechanical transducer advantageously comprises at least one piezoelectric element (separate from a piezoelectric element forming the first electromechanical transducer, when said first electromechanical transducer comprises at least one piezoelectric element).
- the external element of the motor vehicle is a bodywork element for a motor vehicle door.
- the invention also covers an assembly comprising the device according to the invention, as well as the external element of the motor vehicle.
- the invention also covers an assembly comprising the device according to the invention, as well as the external element of the motor vehicle, and in which the first electromechanical transducer is located at the level of an antinode of the vibration mode associated with said resonance frequency of the external element of the motor vehicle.
- the second electromechanical transducer is located at at least one node of the vibration mode associated with said resonance frequency of the external element of the motor vehicle.
- the invention also covers a contact and/or approach detection system on a motor vehicle, which comprises a device according to the invention, as well as a computer configured for:
- said system further comprises an auxiliary detection unit, which has an active mode in which it is configured to implement a presence and/or contact detection, and a standby mode, and the computer is configured to supply a wake-up signal to the detection annex unit, when it is determined the existence of direct physical contact and/or or an approach of the vehicle, to switch the auxiliary detection unit from standby mode to active mode.
- an auxiliary detection unit which has an active mode in which it is configured to implement a presence and/or contact detection, and a standby mode, and the computer is configured to supply a wake-up signal to the detection annex unit, when it is determined the existence of direct physical contact and/or or an approach of the vehicle, to switch the auxiliary detection unit from standby mode to active mode.
- the additional detection unit advantageously comprises at least one of an ultrasound sensor and an image sensor.
- the system according to the invention may further comprise the external element of the motor vehicle.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents a motor vehicle equipped with the device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 schematically represents a device according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 schematically represents the device of FIG. 2, in use
- FIG. 4B schematically illustrate, along the same time axis, the evolution of a state of charge of the rechargeable energy storage device, and the oscillations of the electrical excitation signal supplied to the first electromechanical transducer;
- FIG. 5B schematically illustrate, along the same time axis, the movement of an individual coming into contact with a vehicle equipped with the device according to the invention, and the electrical response signal provided by the second electromechanical transducer;
- FIG. 6C schematically illustrate, along the same time axis, a movement of an individual approaching then moving away from a vehicle equipped with the device according to the invention, the electrical response signal provided by the second electromechanical transducer, and a phase shift of said electrical response signal;
- FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a device according to a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 8C schematically illustrate different possible positions of the first and second electromechanical transducers, on the external element of the motor vehicle associated with the device according to the invention
- FIG. 9 schematically illustrates a first embodiment of a contact and/or approach detection system according to the invention.
- FIG. 10 schematically illustrates a second embodiment of a contact and/or approach detection system according to the invention.
- Figure 1 illustrates a motor vehicle 1 comprising a device according to the invention.
- the device notably comprises a first electromechanical transducer 111 and a second electromechanical transducer 131.
- the first and second electromechanical transducers 121, 131 are arranged on an external element 10 of the motor vehicle.
- the external element 10 of the motor vehicle designates more particularly a bodywork element of the motor vehicle. It may be a bodywork element belonging to a front door of the motor vehicle 1, on the driver's side. As a variant, it may be a bodywork element located on the hood, at the front of the vehicle, or at the rear of the vehicle, for example on the trunk, or on any other location on the motor vehicle. .
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a device 100 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- the device 100 is intended to be part of a contact and/or approach detection system for a motor vehicle, as illustrated below.
- the device 100 is intended to be embedded in said motor vehicle.
- the device 100 comprises a vibration generator 110, a rechargeable device energy storage 120, and a vibration sensor 130.
- the vibration generator 110 includes the first electromechanical transducer 111, as shown schematically in Figure 1, and an electrical signal generator 112.
- the first electromechanical transducer 111 here consists of a piezoelectric actuator, configured to deform mechanically in real time in response to an electrical excitation signal received at the input.
- the first electromechanical transducer 111 is configured to use the piezoelectric effect dynamically, with a frequency excitation electrical signal. At each instant, the current amplitude of the mechanical deformation is a function of the current amplitude of the electrical excitation signal.
- the first electromechanical transducer 111 is mounted integral with the bodywork element 10 of the motor vehicle 1, preferably directly on said bodywork element 10. However, the bodywork element 10 is not part of the device 100 according to the 'invention.
- the first electromagnetic transducer 111 can be based on a phenomenon other than the piezoelectric effect. It can in particular exploit an induction phenomenon, variations in current generating a displacement of a mobile element mounted integral with the bodywork element.
- the electrical signal generator 112 is configured to generate the electrical excitation signal and supply it to the first electromechanical transducer. It is configured to supply a frequency electrical signal, oscillating at an excitation frequency f E .
- the frequency electrical signal is for example, but not limited to, a sinusoidal signal, or a square signal.
- the rechargeable energy storage device 120 consists of a battery or a cell. It is configured to electrically power the electrical signal generator 112, so as to supply it with the electrical energy necessary for the generation of the electrical excitation signal.
- the vibration sensor 130 here consists of the second electromechanical transducer 131, as shown schematically in Figure 1.
- the second electromechanical transducer 131 here consists of a piezoelectric sensor, configured to generate in real time a response electrical signal, in response to its mechanical deformation.
- the second electromechanical transducer 131 is then configured to use the dynamic piezoelectric effect.
- the amplitude current of the electric response signal is a function of the current amplitude of the mechanical deformation of the electromechanical transducer 131.
- the first electromechanical transducer 111 is mounted integral with the bodywork element 10 of the motor vehicle 1, preferably directly on said element bodywork 10.
- the current amplitude of the mechanical deformation of the electromechanical transducer 131 is then a function of the current amplitude of the deformation of the bodywork element 10.
- the invention is not limited to a second electromechanical transducer 131 consisting of a piezoelectric sensor.
- the second electromechanical transducer 131 can exploit an induction phenomenon, using a membrane configured to be mounted integral with the bodywork element 10, and placed in a magnetic field using at minus a magnet. The displacement of the membrane, produced by a displacement of the bodywork element, generates an induced current corresponding to the electrical response signal.
- the second electromechanical transducer 131 can exploit a capacitive effect, using an electrically conductive membrane configured to be mounted integral with the bodywork element 10, and using an electrode forming a capacitor with said membrane.
- the displacement of the membrane produced by a displacement of the bodywork element, generates a variation of the intensity at the terminals of the capacitor, said intensity forming the electrical response signal.
- the second electromechanical transducer 131 is of the passive type, that is to say it does not require any external supply of energy to operate.
- an electrical output of the vibration sensor 130 is connected to the rechargeable energy storage device 120, so that at least part of the electrical response signal supplied at the output of the vibration sensor 130 recharges electrically the rechargeable energy storage device 120.
- Figure 3 schematically illustrates the device 100 in use. Figure 3 will be described in conjunction with Figures 4A and 4B.
- FIG. 4A represents a charge level C of the rechargeable energy storage device 120, as a function of time t.
- FIG. 4B illustrates the electrical excitation signal S E supplied as input to the first electromechanical transducer 111, as a function of time t.
- the electrical signal generator 112 provides the first transducer electromechanical 111 the electrical excitation signal S E , as shown in Figure 4B, sinusoidal.
- the first electromechanical transducer 111 generates mechanical vibrations at the frequency of the electrical excitation signal S E . These mechanical vibrations vibrate the bodywork element 10 on which the first electromechanical transducer 111 is mounted, as illustrated schematically in FIG. 3.
- the second electromechanical transducer 131 is mounted on the same bodywork element 10. It is subjected to local vibrations of the bodywork element 10, where it is mounted. These local vibrations are a function not only of the stress by the first electromechanical transducer 111, but also of the influence of the external environment, in particular the influence of an individual approaching or in contact with the bodywork element 10 The mechanisms of this influence of the individual on the mechanical vibrations of the bodywork element 10 will be described below.
- the second electromechanical transducer 131 In response to the local vibrations to which it is subjected, the second electromechanical transducer 131 generates an electrical response signal.
- This electrical response signal therefore includes information relating to the external environment, in particular relating to an individual approaching or in contact with the bodywork element 10. This electrical response signal can therefore be analyzed, so as to extract these information.
- this electrical response signal is also injected, all or part (preferably in full), at the input of the rechargeable energy storage device 120. It thus makes it possible to partially recharge the rechargeable device of energy storage 120. The discharge of the latter is therefore slowed down, part of the energy supplied to the first electromechanical transducer 111 to generate the electrical excitation signal being recovered via the second electromechanical transducer 131.
- FIG. 4A illustrates this discharge slow motion of the rechargeable energy storage device 120.
- Figures 5A and 5B relate to the case where the environment includes an individual coming into direct physical contact with the motor vehicle, at the level of the bodywork element receiving the first and second electromechanical transducers.
- FIG. 5A shows this individual, who approaches the motor vehicle, establishes direct physical contact with the bodywork element, then ceases this contact.
- Figure 5B shows the corresponding SRI response electrical signal as a function of time.
- the electrical response signal SRI is a sinusoidal signal.
- the amplitude of the electrical response signal SRI drops sharply, until it reaches zero here.
- the SRI response electrical signal begins to oscillate again and the amplitude of the oscillations returns to its initial value. Analysis of the electrical response signal thus makes it possible to detect direct physical contact between an individual and the motor vehicle, for example to detect an attempt to break into and/or break into the vehicle.
- Figures 6A, 6B and 6C relate to the case where the environment includes an individual who approaches and then moves away from a motor vehicle equipped with a device according to the invention.
- Figure 6A shows this individual, who approaches the motor vehicle, then moves away.
- FIG. 6B shows the corresponding electric response signal S R 2 , as a function of time.
- the electrical response signal S R 2 is a sinusoidal signal, of substantially constant amplitude.
- the electrical response signal S R 2 reproduces the mechanical vibrations of the bodywork element, at the location of the second electromechanical transducer 131.
- the reflected acoustic wave is shifted in phase relative to the initial acoustic wave.
- the value of this phase shift varies according to the distance between the device according to the invention and the individual on whom the acoustic wave is reflected.
- the reflected acoustic wave also has a frequency shift relative to the initial acoustic wave (Doppler effect). This phase shift, and if necessary this frequency shift, are found on the mechanical oscillation induced by the reflected acoustic wave, and therefore on the electrical response signal S R 2.
- the person skilled in the art will know how to process the electrical response signal S R 2, so as to extract from the latter information relating to this phase difference (and if necessary this frequency offset).
- the processing can use a wavelet transformation, and/or a search for resemblance to an expected shape (determined during a preliminary calibration step), etc.
- the frequency and the phase of the initial acoustic wave are respectively equal to the frequency and the phase of the electrical excitation signal S E .
- FIG. 6C shows the phase shift A4) between the initial acoustic wave and the reflected acoustic wave, corresponding to a phase shift between the electrical response signal S R 2 and the electrical excitation signal S E .
- phase shift A4 varies, here decreasing. Then, as the individual moves away from the vehicle and from the device according to the invention, the phase shift A> varies in the opposite way, here increasing.
- the monitoring of the phase shift A> makes it possible to detect the approach of an individual relative to the device and to the vehicle according to the invention. If necessary, the value of the phase shift A> can be compared with a threshold value>s, to identify the presence of an object or an individual in the immediate vicinity of the device and of the vehicle according to the invention.
- the invention makes it possible to detect the approach of an animal or of a non-living obstacle, possibly immobile in the terrestrial frame of reference but mobile relative to the moving vehicle.
- the invention thus makes it possible to implement no longer presence detection, but rather obstacle detection, for example in an assisted driving context.
- the frequency of the electrical excitation signal S E is distinct from the frequency of the fundamental mode of vibration of the bodywork element 10. Even more advantageously, the excitation frequency f E , is distinct from the respective frequencies of the modes of first-order or even second-order vibration of the bodywork element 10. This avoids a resonance phenomenon amplifying the mechanical resonance of the bodywork element, and likely to produce discomfort in the environment (strong vibrations and/or or disturbing acoustic signal).
- the frequency of the electrical excitation signal S E is equal to the frequency of a mode of vibration of the bodywork element (fundamental mode, or harmonic mode, in particular a first-order harmonic mode or even second order).
- This variant makes it possible to amplify the mechanical resonance of the bodywork element, and therefore the amplitude of the electrical response signal generated by the vibration sensor 130.
- This variant makes it possible to maximize the recharging of the rechargeable energy storage device 112 .
- the device 200 further comprises a control unit 240.
- the control unit 240 is configured for:
- the device 200 is configured for:
- the first excitation frequency value, f E i is for example equal to the frequency of the fundamental mode of vibration of the bodywork element 10.
- f Ei can be equal to the frequency of a mode vibration harmonic of the bodywork element 10, for example a first-order mode, or even a second-order mode.
- the second excitation frequency value, f E ? is distinct from f Ei .
- it is distinct not only from the frequency of the fundamental mode of vibration of the bodywork element 10, but also from the frequencies of the harmonic modes of the first order, even of the second order, or even of higher orders.
- Figures 8A to 8C illustrate different arrangements of the first and second electromechanical transducers on the bodywork element 10, in a device as shown in Figure 7.
- the bodywork element 10 is here square or rectangular.
- a gray level represents a normalized vibration amplitude at the location considered on the bodywork element 10.
- the gray level scale is shown on the right.
- the first excitation frequency value, f Ei is equal to the frequency of the fundamental mode of vibration of the bodywork element. This frequency is for example 3 Hz.
- This fundamental mode is denoted [0;0], where the number 0 corresponds to the fundamental mode according to a first axis of a plane of the bodywork element, and the number 0 corresponds to the fundamental mode along a second axis of said plane of the bodywork element, orthogonal to said first axis.
- the first electromechanical transducer 211A here consists of a single piezoelectric element, positioned in the center of the bodywork element 10, at the level of an antinode of the fundamental mode vibration.
- This positioning at the level of a vibration antinode makes it possible to maximize the amplitude of the mechanical vibration induced by the first electromechanical transducer 211A. This maximizes the signal (mechanical or acoustic ⁇ interacting with the external environment, and therefore improves approach and/or contact detection.
- the second electromechanical transducer 231A here consists of four piezoelectric elements 2311A, positioned at the four corners of the bodywork element 10, at the level of a vibration node of the bodywork element 10.
- This positioning at a vibration node makes it possible to minimize the influence, on the vibration measured by the second electromechanical transducer 231A, of the vibration induced directly by the first electromechanical transducer 211A. This maximizes the relative influence of the environment, in particular the influence of a reflected acoustic wave. The signal-to-noise ratio is therefore improved.
- the first excitation frequency value, f E i is equal to the frequency of a harmonic mode of vibration of the bodywork element, denoted [0;1], where the number 0 corresponds to the fundamental mode along a first axis of a plane of the bodywork element, and the number 1 corresponds to the first order harmonic along a second axis of said plane of the bodywork element, orthogonal to said first axis.
- This frequency is here 19 Hz.
- the second electromechanical transducer 231B here consists of a single piezoelectric element, positioned in the center of the bodywork element 10 and at a vibration node of said bodywork element 10.
- the first electromechanical transducer 211B here consists of two piezoelectric elements 2111B, positioned on either side of the second electromechanical transducer 231B, along an axis parallel to two opposite edges of the bodywork element 10 and passing through the center of the bodywork element 10. These two piezoelectric elements 2111B extend at the level of two respective antinodes of the vibration of the bodywork element 10.
- the first electromechanical transducer 211B is located at the level of at least one vibration antinode of the bodywork element 10 and the second electromechanical transducer 231B is located at the level of at least one vibration node of the bodywork element 10.
- the first excitation frequency value, f Ei is equal to the frequency of a harmonic mode of vibration of the bodywork element, denoted [1;1] (where the number 1 corresponds to the first order harmonic along a first axis of a plane of the bodywork element, and the number 1 corresponds to the first order harmonic along a second axis of said plane of the bodywork element, orthogonal to said first axis).
- the first electromechanical transducer 211C here consists of four elements piezoelectric 2111C, positioned at the four corners of a square, along the two diagonals of the bodywork element 10, at the level of four respective antinodes of the vibration of the bodywork element 10.
- the second electromechanical transducer 231C here consists of a single piezoelectric element, positioned in the center of the bodywork element 10, at the level of a vibration node of said bodywork element 10.
- the first electromechanical transducer 211C is located at the level of at least one vibration antinode of the bodywork element 10 and the second electromechanical transducer 231C is located at the level of at least one node of the element body 10.
- the second electromechanical transducer is located at or near a vibration antinode of the bodywork element 10, in order to increase the amplitude of the mechanical vibration measured by the latter, and thus the magnitude of the electrical response signal used to recharge the rechargeable energy storage device.
- first and second electromechanical transducers will know how to optimize the arrangement of the first and second electromechanical transducers, as well as the number of piezoelectric elements that they comprise, depending in particular on the oscillation frequencies available for the electrical signal of excitation, vibration modes of the bodywork element, and a need to prioritize the efficiency of recharging the rechargeable energy storage device (via a second electromechanical transducer close to a vibration belly) or a good signal-to-noise ratio on approach and/or contact detection (via a second electromechanical transducer close to a vibration node).
- the invention thus covers an assembly comprising a device according to the invention, in particular according to the first or the second embodiment of the invention, as well as the bodywork element receiving the first and second electromechanical transducers, and in which :
- the first electromechanical transducer is located in a central region of the bodywork element; And - the second electromechanical transducer is located in a plurality of peripheral regions of the bodywork element.
- the invention covers an assembly comprising a device according to the invention, in particular according to the first or the second embodiment of the invention, as well as the bodywork element receiving the first and second electromechanical transducers, and in which:
- the second electromechanical transducer is located in a central region of the bodywork element
- the first electromechanical transducer is located in two regions located on either side of the second electromechanical transducer.
- the invention covers an assembly comprising a device according to the invention, in particular according to the first or the second embodiment of the invention, as well as the bodywork element receiving the first and second transducers electromechanical, and in which:
- the second electromechanical transducer is located in a central region of the bodywork element
- the first electromechanical transducer is located in a plurality of regions located around the second electromechanical transducer.
- a contact and/or approach detection system 1000 which comprises:
- a device according to the invention here a device 100 according to the first embodiment of the invention.
- a computer 150 configured to receive at least part of the electrical response signal from the vibration sensor 130 as input, to analyze this signal, and to provide as output information 151 relating to an approach and/or direct physical contact with the vehicle.
- the computer 150 includes at least one processor.
- the signal analysis implemented by the computer 150 is described with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B, respectively 6A to 6C.
- the signal analysis can include signal damping detection, associated with direct physical contact between the bodywork element 10 and an individual.
- the signal analysis comprises a phase shift measurement, associated with a movement of an individual near the bodywork element 10.
- the information item 151 can include data relating to the detection of direct physical contact with the bodywork element and/or data relating to the detection of an individual approaching the bodywork element. This data can be transmitted to the vehicle's logbook.
- this datum can be used by ancillary systems in the motor vehicle, for example to trigger an alarm which emits an audible signal to alert the surroundings in the event of an intrusion.
- the device according to the invention is a device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a second embodiment of a contact and/or approach detection system 2000 according to the invention.
- System 2000 will only be described for its differences relative to the system of Figure 9.
- the system 2000 further comprises an auxiliary detection unit 160, configured to receive, from the computer 150, information relating to an approach and/or direct physical contact with the vehicle.
- the additional detection unit 160 is capable of implementing contact and/or approach detection, based for example on image acquisition using a camera, or on laser detection. , or on ultrasonic detection.
- the additional detection unit 160 is in a standby mode, in which it does not perform detection, and consequently consumes very little electrical energy.
- the additional detection unit 160 is configured to switch from standby mode to an active mode when it receives information relating to an approach and/or direct physical contact with the vehicle.
- the information relating to an approach and/or a direct physical contact with the vehicle thus forms a wake-up signal for the auxiliary detection unit 160.
- the additional detection unit 160 In the active mode, the additional detection unit 160 carries out approach and/or contact detection, which makes it possible to confirm or invalidate the detection implemented on the basis of the vibration measurements, at the using the device 100 according to the invention. After it has confirmed or invalidated the information provided by the computer 150, the additional detection unit 160 returns to standby mode.
- This embodiment makes it possible to consolidate approach and/or contact detection, using an additional detection unit that can provide more precise information. than the device according to the invention. Furthermore, this consolidation of information does not result in a much higher energy consumption, since the detection annex unit 160 remains in standby mode most of the time.
- the device according to the invention is a device according to the second embodiment.
- the invention can be implemented for all sorts of values of the frequency of the electrical excitation signal, preferably values below 20 Hz to limit acoustic discomfort.
- the device according to the invention can have a standby mode, in which the first electromechanical transducer is not electrically powered, and an active mode in which it is on the contrary electrically powered.
- the device according to the invention can then be configured to switch to active mode only when the vehicle engine is switched off and/or when a parking mode of the vehicle is activated.
- the invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the prevention of vandalism. It makes it possible to carry out a prediction and/or a detection of intrusion on the motor vehicle. Other applications are also possible, in particular obstacle detection in an autonomous driving context.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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CN202280059514.7A CN117957070A (zh) | 2021-09-02 | 2022-08-19 | 具有用于检测机动车辆中的接近和/或接触的机电换能器的设备 |
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FR2109162A FR3126370B1 (fr) | 2021-09-02 | 2021-09-02 | Dispositif à transducteurs électromécaniques pour la détection d’approche et/ou de contact dans un véhicule automobile |
FRFR2109162 | 2021-09-02 |
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WO2023030928A1 true WO2023030928A1 (fr) | 2023-03-09 |
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PCT/EP2022/073231 WO2023030928A1 (fr) | 2021-09-02 | 2022-08-19 | Dispositif a transducteurs electromecaniques pour la detection d'approche et/ou de contact dans un vehicule automobile |
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CN (1) | CN117957070A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3126370B1 (fr) |
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Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100317977A1 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-16 | Piaget Thomas W | Implantable medical device with internal piezoelectric energy harvesting |
EP2610935A1 (fr) * | 2012-01-02 | 2013-07-03 | Stichting IMEC Nederland | Dispositif d'exploitation d'énergie |
US20140133279A1 (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-15 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Energy Harvesting |
US20170368574A1 (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2017-12-28 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Piezoelectric Transducers and Methods of Making and Using the Same |
US20190189903A1 (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-06-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Composite articles with dielectric layer |
US20200374013A1 (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-11-26 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Methods and Apparatus for Acoustic Backscatter Communication |
US20210028725A1 (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2021-01-28 | Tdk Corporation | Smart wheel energy harvester |
-
2021
- 2021-09-02 FR FR2109162A patent/FR3126370B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-08-19 CN CN202280059514.7A patent/CN117957070A/zh active Pending
- 2022-08-19 WO PCT/EP2022/073231 patent/WO2023030928A1/fr active Application Filing
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US20100317977A1 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-16 | Piaget Thomas W | Implantable medical device with internal piezoelectric energy harvesting |
EP2610935A1 (fr) * | 2012-01-02 | 2013-07-03 | Stichting IMEC Nederland | Dispositif d'exploitation d'énergie |
US20140133279A1 (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-15 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Energy Harvesting |
US20170368574A1 (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2017-12-28 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Piezoelectric Transducers and Methods of Making and Using the Same |
US20190189903A1 (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-06-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Composite articles with dielectric layer |
US20200374013A1 (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-11-26 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Methods and Apparatus for Acoustic Backscatter Communication |
US20210028725A1 (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2021-01-28 | Tdk Corporation | Smart wheel energy harvester |
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FRANCESCO MAZZILLI ET AL: "Seville Ultrasound for Wireless Energy Transfer and Communication for Implanted Medical Devices Outline", 17 September 2010 (2010-09-17), XP055178316, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.ultrasponder.org/resources/The-project/Dissemination/Publications/Numb2_Talk_Mazzilli_15Sept010.pdf> [retrieved on 20150323] * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3126370A1 (fr) | 2023-03-03 |
CN117957070A (zh) | 2024-04-30 |
FR3126370B1 (fr) | 2023-07-14 |
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