WO2023029618A1 - 高强度开采工作面煤矸石覆岩隔离注浆充填绿色开采方法 - Google Patents

高强度开采工作面煤矸石覆岩隔离注浆充填绿色开采方法 Download PDF

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WO2023029618A1
WO2023029618A1 PCT/CN2022/095544 CN2022095544W WO2023029618A1 WO 2023029618 A1 WO2023029618 A1 WO 2023029618A1 CN 2022095544 W CN2022095544 W CN 2022095544W WO 2023029618 A1 WO2023029618 A1 WO 2023029618A1
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filling
gangue
mining
coal
working face
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PCT/CN2022/095544
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French (fr)
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许家林
轩大洋
李建
王秉龙
张亮
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中国矿业大学
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • the invention relates to a green mining method for isolated grouting and filling of coal gangue overlying rock, and is especially suitable for the green mining method of overlying rock isolation and grouting filling for gangue emission reduction in high-strength mining coal mining areas.
  • Patent ZL2012101649299 discloses the "Coal Mining Method for Mining Overlying Rock Partition Isolation and Grouting Filling", which is to inject grout into the mining cracks in the overlying rock layer above the coal seam through ground drilling, so as to realize waste disposal, support the key layer of overlying rock, and prevent The purpose of ground subsidence.
  • the advantage of this technology is that ground filling and underground coal mining are located in two places, which greatly alleviates the problem of serious interference of mining and filling. It does not need to change the equipment and process of underground coal mining. The filling process and system are simple and the filling cost is reduced.
  • coal gangue after the coal gangue is made into a suitable slurry, it can be filled into the mining cracks of the overlying rock by using the overlying rock isolation grouting filling technology, which can achieve multiple purposes such as gangue emission reduction and surface subsidence reduction.
  • the existing technology is directly applied to coal gangue for grouting filling, it faces a serious problem of unbalanced supply and demand of filling materials, which restricts the effectiveness of this technology. There are fundamental differences in technology.
  • fly ash grouting filling For fly ash grouting filling, the pithead power plant in the mining area usually receives the coal of multiple mines in the area, so the amount of fly ash produced is large, and the "three-down" coal pressing is not accompanied by every job That is to say, when using fly ash overlying rock isolation grouting filling technology to solve the "three down" coal pressing problem, power plants are the source of fly ash as filling material, which comes from coal from multiple coal mines. It can meet the material demand for grouting filling in the working face of one or several mines. However, coal gangue in coal mines is produced at a relatively stable rate along with the coal extraction process in the production of each working face, and its output weight accounts for about 15% of the coal output (depending on the actual conditions of different mines).
  • coal gangue disposal becomes an inevitable issue.
  • about 15% of the coal gangue output is far from meeting the filling requirements of the coal mining face. If the existing technical methods are used, there will be a chain reaction of successive damage to the borehole due to the small amount of grouting filling, and the final result will be Because the drilling is damaged, the coal gangue cannot be effectively processed. Once the gangue cannot be effectively processed, the production of the entire mine will be hindered.
  • This problem is particularly prominent in the high-strength mining face, because the mining size of the high-strength mining face is large, the advancing speed is fast, the movement and deformation speed of the rock formation and the surface itself are very high, and the destructive ability to the borehole is very strong. When the filling effect is not good, rock formation fracture and drilling damage are more likely to occur.
  • the green mining method of coal gangue overlying rock isolation grouting and filling in the high-strength mining face of the present invention has the following steps:
  • the filling rate ⁇ is the ratio of the weight of gangue to be injected into the working face to the weight of coal mined every day, and the filling rate ⁇ is determined according to the key layer thickness, strength, and distance from the coal seam above the grouting filling layer;
  • n segments are respectively recorded as the first segment, the second segment...the nth segment; among them, the last segment is the first segment
  • the length of the n segment is less than or equal to x;
  • the distance x is 0.8-1.0r, and r is the slurry diffusion radius under the formation conditions where the filling face is located;
  • the gangue produced by the mine enters the temporary gangue bin of the grouting filling station for temporary storage every day.
  • the ratio of the total weight of gangue stored to the weight of coal extracted in each segment is ( ⁇ -1) ⁇ ;
  • the gangue in the gangue bin has been consumed before the mining of the ⁇ -th section ends, stop the ground drilling and grouting filling in this section; if the gangue in the gangue bin is consumed when the mining of the ⁇ -th section ends, then Stop the ground drilling and grouting filling in this segment. If the gangue in the gangue bin is not consumed, continue the grouting filling until the gangue in the gangue bin is consumed; since the filling rate of the ⁇ segment meets the key layer control Requirements, so that the stability of the ground drilling is well maintained, and the grouting filling can be continued to ensure that the gangue produced by the working face can be disposed of stably;
  • plugging methods such as curtain grouting can be used for plugging, so as to maintain the filling face mining and ground drilling grouting filling.
  • the slurry for grouting filling is the slurry made by mixing the powder material prepared by crushing, ball milling, tower milling and other methods from the gangue stored in the gangue bin and mixing it with water. internal mobility needs.
  • the segmented grouting filling method of the present invention realizes the balance of mine injection and production, does not change the existing working face layout method, has good active adaptability, and realizes the gangue balance under the condition of continuous gangue discharge in the mining area
  • Emission reduction does not affect the coal mining speed and annual output of the working face, and it is well adapted to the grouting filling requirements under high-intensity mining conditions; it is not necessary to specially set up a small-scale working face in the mine, so that the gangue can be carried out stably Disposal: Due to the adoption of segmental filling, problems such as land occupation, pollution, and high treatment costs caused by long-term storage of gangue in the mine are avoided.
  • the segmented grouting filling method of the present invention effectively supports the overlying rock in the filling area, ensures the stability of the borehole, and achieves the predetermined filling volume target; overcomes the poor filling effect caused by insufficient filling materials in the prior art Good, rock formation fracture and induced drilling damage, as well as the resulting interruption of grouting project and substandard filling volume.
  • the balanced arrangement method of segmented grouting filling of the present invention can be applied to working faces and mines with different production capacities and gangue output. Compared with the prior art, its scope of application is greatly improved.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of segmented grouting filling in the filling working face of the present invention
  • the high-strength mining face coal gangue overlying rock isolation grouting filling green mining method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • filling face 5 Collect the basic information of the filling face 5, including the ratio ⁇ of the average daily output gangue weight to the mined coal weight of the filling face 5, and the filling rate ⁇ required to maintain the stability of the key layer above the filling face 5 (filling rate ⁇ is the ratio of the weight of gangue that needs to be injected into the filling face 5 to the weight of the coal produced every day), the mining width and the strike length of the filling face 5;
  • the filling rate ⁇ is determined according to the key layer thickness, strength, and distance from the coal seam above the grouting filling layer;
  • the distance x can be 0.8-1.0r, and r is the slurry diffusion radius under the stratum conditions where the filling face 5 is located;
  • the gangue produced by the mine enters the temporary filling station of the grouting filling station every day Temporarily store in the bunker, when the mining of the ⁇ -1th subsection is completed, the ratio of the total weight of the stored gangue to the weight of coal extracted from each subsection is ( ⁇ -1) ⁇ ;
  • the filling rate of the ⁇ -section 3 can be guaranteed to meet the requirements ;Because ( ⁇ -1) subsections have been mined in the rear, deformation and subsidence of the rock stratum and instability of the key layer have occurred, resulting in the closure of the separation layer fissure, so the diffusion of the slurry to the rear (the mined area) is relatively limited; such as the slurry If there is a large amount of diffusion to the rear, plugging methods such as curtain grouting can be used for plugging, so as to maintain the mining of the filling face and the grouting of ground drilling.
  • the gangue in the gangue bin has been consumed before the mining of the ⁇ section 3 is completed, stop the ground drilling and grouting filling in this section; if the gangue in the gangue bin is consumed when the mining of the ⁇ section ends, Then stop the ground drilling and grouting filling in this section. If the gangue in the gangue bin is not consumed, continue to grout filling until the gangue in the gangue bin is consumed; since the filling rate of the ⁇ segment meets the key layer control The ground drilling stability is well maintained, the grouting filling can be carried out continuously, and the gangue produced in the working face can be stably disposed of;
  • the slurry for grouting filling is the slurry made by mixing the powder material prepared by crushing, ball milling, tower milling and other methods from the gangue stored in the gangue bin and mixing it with water. need.
  • One or more ground boreholes can be used to meet the grouting filling requirements of the ⁇ -section 3 .
  • the first period includes the first period 1 segment 1, 2 segment 2,..., 3 segment 3;
  • the gangue produced by the mine enters the temporary gangue bin of the grouting filling station for temporary storage every day.
  • the filling rate can be guaranteed to meet the requirements; Two sections were mined, the rock stratum deformed and subsided, and the key layer became unstable, resulting in the closure of the separation layer fissure, so the diffusion of the slurry to the rear was relatively limited; If the gangue has been consumed, stop the ground drilling and grouting filling in this section; if the waste rock in the gangue bin is consumed when the mining of the third section is completed, stop the ground drilling and grouting filling in this section.
  • grouting filling can be carried out continuously to ensure that the gangue produced in the working face can be disposed of stably;
  • the first hole can be 20m away from the starting line 4 of the third section 3;
  • the grout for grouting filling is prepared from the gangue stored in the gangue bin by crushing and wet ball milling to meet the needs of the slurry liquid flowing in the cracks of the overlying rock separation layer;

Abstract

一种高强度开采工作面煤矸石覆岩隔离注浆充填开采方法，包括：收集工作面基本信息，确定基本参数，沿充填工作面推进方向，按照距离x将充填工作面分成n段，将充填工作面走向的分段划分为若干个周期，当充填工作面开采至周期内的最后一段之前，矿井产出的矸石每天进入注浆充填站的临时矸石仓内暂时储存，在充填工作面开采至周期内的最后一段时，利用该段上方的地面钻孔，将矸石制成的浆液充填至覆岩关键层下的裂隙区域，直至整个充填工作面回采结束。该方法实现了矿井采煤过程中煤矸石的均衡无害化处理，矿井内不需要建矸石山。

Description

高强度开采工作面煤矸石覆岩隔离注浆充填绿色开采方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种煤矸石覆岩隔离注浆充填绿色开采方法，尤其适用于高强度开采煤矿区矸石减排的覆岩隔离注浆充填绿色开采方法。
背景技术
煤炭开采在获得资源的同时，也产出了煤矸石，带来了占地、污染等环境问题。随着我国生态文明建设力度不断增强，煤矿区的生态环境保护地位愈发突显。西部是我国煤炭的主产区，高强度开采是该区域煤矿生产的典型特征，由于矿井开采强度大、煤炭产量高，煤矸石排放量也大，带来的环境问题凸显，已成为煤矿区环境保护的重中之重。
绿色开采技术是解决煤矿采动损害与环境问题的重要手段，充填是其重要组成部分，也是煤矸石等固废无害化处理的重要途径。专利ZL2012101649299公开的《采动覆岩分区隔离注浆充填采煤方法》是通过地面钻孔向煤层上覆岩层中的采动裂隙内注浆，从而实现处理废弃物、支撑覆岩关键层、防止地面塌陷的目的。该技术的优势是地面充填与井下采煤是位于两个场所，大幅缓解了采充干扰严重的难题，无需改变井下采煤时的装备与工艺，充填工艺与系统简单，降低了充填成本。
现有的覆岩隔离注浆充填方法，其工程目的是控制地表沉陷，保护建(构)筑物，以解决三下压煤开采问题；所用的材料主要是矿区附近电厂的粉煤灰，注浆充填系统能力通常适应于年产量100-200万t/a的工作面，尚不能在西部年产量1000万t/a级的高强度开采工作面应用；而且现有技术在应用时，对整个工作面开采期间都有着十分严格的注采匹配要求，如专利ZL2012101649284公开的《与采动覆岩分区隔离注浆充填相匹配的采煤速度控制方法》要求根据注浆能力确定采煤速度，一旦充填量不足时，将不能有效地支撑覆岩，导致关键层断裂、注浆钻孔出现破坏而不能继续实施注浆充填，整个工程就可能失败。
显然，将煤矸石制成适宜的浆液后，利用覆岩隔离注浆充填技术将其充填至覆岩采动裂隙内，能够实现矸石减排与地表减沉等多重目的。然而，直接应用现有技术对煤矸石进行注浆充填处理时，面临着充填材料供需不均衡的严重问题，制约了该技术的有效性，这与现有的粉煤灰覆岩隔离注浆充填技术有本质差异。对于粉煤灰注浆充填而言，矿区坑口电厂通常承纳了区域内多个矿井的煤炭量，因而产出的粉煤灰量多，而“三下”压煤并不是伴随着每个工作面的问题，也就是说，在应用粉煤灰覆岩隔离注浆充填技术解决“三下”压煤问题时，电厂作为充填材料粉煤灰的来源，其源自于多个煤矿的煤炭，可以满足某个或几个矿井的工作面注浆充填的材料需求。然而，煤矿的煤矸石是在每个工作面生产中随着煤炭采出过程以相对稳定的速度产生出来，其产出重量约占采出煤炭重量的15％左右(视不同矿井实际条件有一定差异)，因此，对于每个采煤工作面而言，煤矸石处理成为一个必然问题。此时，15％ 左右的煤矸石产出量远不满足采煤工作面的充填需求，如果采用现有技术方法，就存在因注浆充填量少造成钻孔相继破坏的连锁反应，最终的结果是由于钻孔破坏，煤矸石不能得到有效处理，矸石一旦无法得到有效处理，整个矿井的生产就会受到阻碍。这一问题在高强度开采工作面中尤为突出，原因是高强度开采工作面的开采尺寸大、推进速度快，岩层与地表本身的移动变形速度很大，对钻孔的破坏能力很强，若充填效果不好时，更加容易出现岩层断裂与钻孔破坏问题。
由于高强度开采矿井通常采用“一矿一面”模式，即一个煤矿只布置1个采煤工作面，若新增一个生产规模小的工作面用于集中注浆充填矿井矸石，将打破“一矿一面”生产格局，不符合当前行业发展需求，势必影响矿井发展。
综上，由于高强度开采工作面的煤矸石稳定产生特征，现有的覆岩隔离注浆充填技术尚不能应用于矿井煤矸石处理中，因此，迫切需要一种新的高强度开采工作面煤矸石覆岩注浆充填绿色开采方法，实现矿井采煤过程中煤矸石的均衡无害化处理。
发明内容
针对上述技术的不足，提供一种高强度开采工作面煤矸石稳定产出条件下的覆岩隔离注浆充填均衡处理方法，既要保证煤矸石在覆岩裂隙内得到有效充填，避免因充填材料量不足导致的岩层破坏、注浆与矸石减排失败，又不改变矿井现有的采煤工作面布置方法，同时实现矿井内不建矸石山的目的。
为实现上述技术目的，本发明的高强度开采工作面煤矸石覆岩隔离注浆充填绿色开采方法，步骤如下：
a.收集需要充填的工作面的基本信息，包括工作面每天平均产出矸石重量与采出煤炭重量的比值β、为维持工作面上方关键层稳定所需的充填率α、工作面的采宽和走向长度；其中，充填率α为工作面每天需注矸石重量与采出煤炭重量的比值，充填率α根据注浆充填层位上方的关键层厚度、强度、与煤层间距等信息确定；
b.沿充填工作面推进方向，按照距离x将充填工作面分成n个分段，分别记为第1分段、第2分段……第n分段；其中，最后一个分段，即第n分段的长度小于等于x；
优选的，所述的距离x取0.8-1.0r，r为充填工作面所在地层条件下的浆液扩散半径；
c.用α除以β，将得到的数值四舍五入后记为整数γ，将充填工作面走向的n个分段划分为若干个周期，每γ个分段为一个周期，例如，第1个周期包括1，2,…,γ分段；
d.在第1个周期内，当充填工作面开采第1，2,…,γ-1分段时，矿井产出的矸石每天进入注浆充填站的临时矸石仓内暂时储存，当第γ-1分段回采结束后，储存的矸石总重量与每个分段采出煤炭重量的比值为(γ-1)β；
e.在充填工作面开采至第γ分段时，利用第γ分段上方的地面钻孔，在开采过程中同步对覆 岩关键层下的裂隙区域注浆充填，使每天的充填率等于α；
由于之前已经储存了第γ分段煤炭重量的(γ-1)β倍重量的矸石，且第γ分段回采过程中还会产生矸石，因此可以保证第γ分段充填率满足要求；由于之前后方已经回采了(γ-1)个分段，岩层出现变形下沉、关键层发生失稳，导致离层裂隙闭合，因此浆液向后方(已采区域)的扩散相对有限；
若第γ分段开采结束之前，矸石仓内的矸石已消耗完毕，则停止该分段内的地面钻孔注浆充填；若第γ分段开采结束时，矸石仓内的矸石消耗完毕，则停止该分段内的地面钻孔注浆充填，若矸石仓内的矸石未消耗完毕，则继续注浆充填，直至矸石仓内的矸石消耗完毕；由于第γ分段充填率满足关键层控制的要求，使得地面钻孔稳定性得到很好地维持，注浆充填可以持续进行，确保工作面产出的矸石能够稳定地处置；
优选的，如浆液向后方出现较大量扩散，可以采用帷幕注浆等封堵方法进行封堵，维持充填工作面开采与地面钻孔注浆充填。
优选的，第γ分段上方的地面钻孔可以为1个或多个，首孔可以在第γ分段起始线以外、上方或以内。
优选的，注浆充填的浆液为矸石仓中储存的矸石经过粉碎、球磨、塔磨等方法制备成的粉体物料与水混合后制成的浆液，粉体物料满足浆液在覆岩离层裂隙内流动的需要。
f.充填工作面持续向前回采进入后续周期时，重复步骤d、e，直至整个充填工作面回采结束；此时能够实现整个充填工作面生产期间，产出的矸石均能有效、均衡地充填到覆岩采动裂隙内，实现整个生产期间减排目的。
有益效果：1.本发明的分段式注浆充填方法实现矿井注采均衡，不改变现有的工作面布置方法，具有很好的主动适应性，实现了矿区持续排矸条件下的矸石均衡减排，不影响工作面采煤速度与年产量，很好地适应了高强度开采条件下的注浆充填需求；无需在矿井专门设置一个规模较小的工作面，即可将矸石稳定地进行处置；由于采用了分段充填方式，避免了矿井长时间储存矸石带来的占地、污染、治理费用高等问题。
2.本发明的分段式注浆充填方法有效支撑了充填区域覆岩，保证了钻孔的稳定性，实现了预定的充填量目标；克服了现有技术因充填材料不足造成的充填效果不佳、岩层断裂及诱发的钻孔破坏问题，以及由此导致的注浆工程中断与充填量不达标问题。
3.本发明的分段式注浆充填的均衡配置方法，能够适用于不同生产能力与矸石产出量的工作面与矿井，与现有技术相比，其适用范围大幅提高。
4.利用小分段能够减少矸石的临时储存量,避免矸石的临时储存量大的问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明充填工作面分段注浆充填平面图；
图中：1－第1分段；2－第2分段；3－第γ分段；4－第γ分段起始线；5－工作面。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的描述：
如图1所示，本发明的高强度开采工作面煤矸石覆岩隔离注浆充填绿色开采方法，包括如下步骤：
a.收集充填工作面5的基本信息，包括充填工作面5每天平均产出矸石重量与采出煤炭重量的比值β、为维持充填工作面5上方关键层稳定所需的充填率α(充填率α为充填工作面5每天需注矸石重量与采出煤炭重量的比值)、充填工作面5的采宽和走向长度；
充填率α根据注浆充填层位上方的关键层厚度、强度、与煤层间距等信息确定；
b.沿充填工作面5推进方向，按照距离x将充填工作面5分成n段，分别记为第1分段1，第2分段2,…,第n分段；其中，最后一个分段，即第n分段的长度小于等于x；
所述的距离x可以取0.8-1.0r，r为充填工作面5所在地层条件下的浆液扩散半径；
c.用α除以β，将得到的数值四舍五入后记为整数γ，将充填工作面5走向的分段划分为若干个周期，每γ个分段为一个周期；例如，第1个周期包括第1分段1，第2分段2,…,第γ分段3；
d.在第1个周期内，当充填工作面5开采第1分段1，第2分段2,…,第γ-1分段时，矿井产出的矸石每天进入注浆充填站的临时矸仓内暂时储存，当第γ-1分段回采结束后，储存的矸石总重量与每个分段采出煤炭重量的比值为(γ-1)β；
e.在充填工作面5开采至第γ分段3时，利用第γ分段3上方的地面钻孔，在开采过程中同步对覆岩关键层下的裂隙区域注浆充填，使每天的充填率等于α；
由于之前已经储存了第γ分段3煤炭重量的(γ-1)β倍重量的矸石，且第γ分段3回采过程中还会产生矸石，因此可以保证第γ分段3充填率满足要求；由于之前后方已经回采了(γ-1)个分段，岩层出现变形下沉、关键层发生失稳，导致离层裂隙闭合，因此浆液向后方(已采区域)的扩散相对有限；如浆液向后方出现较大量扩散，可以采用帷幕注浆等封堵方法进行封堵，维持充填工作面开采与地面钻孔注浆充填。
若第γ分段3开采结束之前，矸石仓内的矸石已消耗完毕，则停止该分段内的地面钻孔注浆充填；若第γ分段开采结束时，矸石仓内的矸石消耗完毕，则停止该分段内的地面钻孔注浆充填，若矸石仓内的矸石未消耗完毕，则继续注浆充填，直至矸石仓内的矸石消耗完毕；由于第γ分段充填率满足关键层控制的要求，使得地面钻孔稳定性得到很好地维持，注浆充填可以持续进行，确保工作面产出的矸石能够稳定地处置；
其中，第γ分段上方的地面钻孔可以为1个或多个，首孔可以在第γ分段起始线以外、上方或以内。注浆充填的浆液为矸石仓中储存的矸石经过粉碎、球磨、塔磨等方法制备成的粉体 物料与水混合后制成的浆液，粉体物料满足浆液在覆岩离层裂隙内流动的需要。所述的地面钻孔可以采用1个或多个，以满足第γ段3的注浆充填需求为准。
f.充填工作面持续向前回采进入后续周期时，重复步骤d、e，直至整个充填工作面5回采结束；此时能够实现整个充填工作面生产期间，产出的矸石均能有效、均衡地充填到覆岩采动裂隙内，实现整个生产期间减排目的。
以下以某煤矿高强度开采工作面煤矸石覆岩隔离注浆充填绿色开采为例进行说明：
a.收集充填工作面5的基本信息,充填工作面5每天平均产出矸石重量与采出煤炭重量的比值β＝15％，根据注浆充填层位上方的关键层厚度、强度、与煤层间距等信息确定出，为维持充填工作面5上方关键层稳定性所需的充填率α＝45％，充填工作面5的走向长度1800m；
b.沿充填工作面5推进方向，按照距离x＝100将充填工作面5分成18段，分别记为第1分段1，第2分段2,…,第18分段；所述距离x取值为该条件下的浆液扩散半径100m；
c.用α除以β，对得到的数值四舍五入后记为整数γ＝3，将充填工作面5走向的分段划分为6个周期，每3段为一个周期，例如，第1个周期包括第1分段1，第2分段2,…,第3分段3；
d.在第1个周期内，当充填工作面5开采第1分段1，第2分段2时，矿井产出的矸石每天进入注浆充填站的临时矸石仓内暂时储存，当第2分段回采结束后，储存的矸石总重量与每个分段采出煤炭重量的比值为(γ-1)β＝30％；
e.在充填工作面5开采至第3分段3时，利用第3分段3上方的地面钻孔，在开采过程中同步对覆岩关键层下的裂隙区域注浆充填，使每天的充填率等于α＝45％，由于之前已经储存了占第3分段3煤炭重量30％的矸石，且第3分段3回采过程中还会产生矸石，因此可以保证充填率满足要求；由于后方已经回采了2个分段，岩层出现了岩层变形下沉、关键层发生失稳，导致离层裂隙闭合，因此浆液向后方的扩散相对有限；若第3分段3开采结束之前，矸石仓内的矸石已消耗完毕，则停止该分段内的地面钻孔注浆充填；若第3分段开采结束时，矸石仓内的矸石消耗完毕，则停止该分段内的地面钻孔注浆充填，若矸石仓内的矸石未消耗完毕，则继续注浆充填，直至矸石仓内的矸石消耗完毕；由于第3分段充填率满足关键层控制的要求，使得地面钻孔稳定性得到很好地维持，注浆充填可以持续进行，确保工作面产出的矸石能够稳定地处置；
其中第3分段3上方的地面钻孔布置两个，首孔可以在第3段3的起始线4以外20m；
注浆充填的浆液为矸石仓中储存的矸石经过粉碎、湿式球磨方法制备成浆液，满足浆液体在覆岩离层裂隙内流动的需要；
所述的地面钻孔采用两个，满足第3段3的注浆充填需求。
f.工作面持续向前回采进入后续周期时，重复步骤d、e，直至整个工作面5回采结束， 此时能够实现整个充填工作面5生产期间，产出的矸石均能有效、均衡地充填到覆岩采动裂隙内，实现整个生产期间减排目的。

Claims (4)

  1. 高强度开采工作面煤矸石覆岩隔离注浆充填绿色开采方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
    a.收集需要充填的工作面的基本信息，包括工作面每天平均产出矸石重量与采出煤炭重量的比值β、为维持工作面上方关键层稳定所需的充填率α、工作面的采宽和走向长度；其中，充填率α为工作面每天需注矸石重量与采出煤炭重量的比值；充填率α根据注浆充填层位上方的关键层厚度、强度、与煤层间距信息确定；
    b.沿工作面推进方向，按照距离x将工作面分成n个分段，分别记为第1分段、第2分段……第n分段；其中，最后一个分段，即第n分段的长度小于等于x；距离x取0.8-1.0r，r为充填工作面所在地层条件下的浆液扩散半径；
    c.用α除以β，将得到的数值四舍五入后记为整数γ，将工作面走向的n个分段划分为若干个周期，每γ个分段为一个周期；例如，第1个周期包括1，2,…,γ分段；
    d.在第1个周期内，当充填工作面开采第1，2,…,γ-1分段时，矿井产出的矸石每天进入注浆充填站的临时矸石仓内暂时储存，当第γ-1分段回采结束后，储存的矸石总重量与每个分段采出煤炭重量的比值为(γ-1)β；
    e.在充填工作面开采至第γ分段时，利用第γ分段上方的地面钻孔，在开采过程中同步对覆岩关键层下的裂隙区域注浆充填，使每天的充填率等于α；
    若第γ分段开采结束之前，矸石仓内的矸石已消耗完毕，则停止该分段内的地面钻孔注浆充填；若第γ分段开采结束时，矸石仓内的矸石消耗完毕，则停止该分段内的地面钻孔注浆充填，若矸石仓内的矸石未消耗完毕，则继续注浆充填，直至矸石仓内的矸石消耗完毕；
    f.充填工作面持续向前回采进入后续周期时，重复步骤d、e，直至整个充填工作面回采结束。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的绿色开采方法，其特征在于：步骤e中，如浆液向后方出现较大量扩散，采用帷幕注浆方法进行封堵，维持充填工作面开采与地面钻孔注浆充填。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的绿色开采方法，其特征在于：步骤e中，第γ分段上方的地面钻孔为1个或多个，首孔在第γ分段起始线以外、上方或以内。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的绿色开采方法，其特征在于：步骤e中，注浆充填的浆液为矸石仓中储存的矸石经过粉碎、球磨、塔磨方法制备成的粉体物料与水混合后制成的浆液，粉体物料满足浆液在覆岩离层裂隙内流动的需要。
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