WO2023029305A1

WO2023029305A1 - Structural super-slip based micro-generator and generator set

Info

Publication number: WO2023029305A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/140787
Authority: WO
Inventors: 聂锦辉; 郑泉水
Original assignee: 深圳清华大学研究院; 清华大学
Priority date: 2021-08-30
Filing date: 2021-12-23
Publication date: 2023-03-09
Also published as: CN113541525B; CN113541525A

Abstract

A structural super-slip based micro-generator and a generator set, the micro-generator comprising a sliding part, an insulating dielectric layer, and an electrode. The insulating dielectric layer is a dielectric layer made of a single material; the sliding part is slidable relative to the insulating dielectric layer; a lower surface of the sliding part and an upper surface of the insulating dielectric layer form a structural super-slip contact state; the sliding part slides reciprocally on the upper surface of the insulating dielectric layer between the area corresponding to the electrode and the area not corresponding to the electrode; the sliding part and the insulating dielectric layer are electrically charged by contact or by induction of injected charges; when the sliding part and the insulating dielectric layer slide relative to each other, charges are induced in the electrode. Because the two surfaces in sliding contact form a structural super-slip contact state, no wear occurs during sliding, thereby prolonging the service life. The actual area of contact between the two surfaces in sliding contact is close to the apparent area of contact, and the actual area of contact is larger. The surface charge density is increased, such that the output performance of the generator is improved.

Description

A micro-generator and generator set based on structural superslip

This application claims the priority of the Chinese patent application submitted to the China Patent Office on August 30, 2021, with the application number 202111006753.X, and the title of the invention is "a micro-generator and generator set based on super-slip structure", all of which The contents are incorporated by reference in this application.

technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of micro-generating equipment, in particular to a micro-generator and generator set based on structural supersmoothness.

Background technique

Triboelectric generator is a kind of miniature electronic device, which utilizes the coupling of friction electrification and electrostatic induction effect, and cooperates with the design of thin-layer electrodes to realize the effective output of current. It has the characteristics of very simple structure and light weight.

During the use of the triboelectric generator, two friction material layers are rubbed back and forth. In order to increase the surface charge density and improve the output performance of the triboelectric generator, a micron or sub-micron microstructure will be set on the two friction surfaces. For example, nanowires, nanotubes, nanospheres, micro-grooves, micro-cones, micro-spheres, etc., the microstructure can increase the area of the two friction surfaces. However, during the use of the triboelectric generator, the microstructure will be worn, thus It affects the output performance and service life of the friction generator.

Therefore, how to solve the above technical problems should be the focus of those skilled in the art.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this application is to provide a micro-generator and generator set based on structural super-smoothness, so as to increase the output performance and prolong the service life of the micro-generator based on structural super-smoothness.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the application provides a micro-generator based on super-smooth structure, including a sliding part, an insulating dielectric layer, and an electrode, and the insulating dielectric layer is a dielectric layer of a single material;

The sliding member and the insulating medium layer slide relatively, and the lower surface of the sliding member forms a structural super-slip contact state with the upper surface of the insulating medium layer;

The sliding member slides reciprocally on the upper surface of the insulating medium layer between the region corresponding to the electrode and the region not corresponding to the electrode, and the sliding member and the insulating medium layer are electrified by contact or induced by injecting charges.

Optionally, also include:

A connection circuit, the connection circuit includes connection wires, the electrodes and the slider are respectively connected with connection wires, and the slider is grounded, and there is electron transfer between the slider, the electrode and the ground.

Optionally, components are respectively connected to the connection lines between the electrodes and the slider and the ground.

Optionally, one end of the connecting wire is connected to the electrode, and the other end is connected to the ground, and there is no electron transfer between the slider and the ground.

Optionally, the material of the slider is a two-dimensional conductor material, semiconductor material or insulator material.

Optionally, the upper surface of the insulating medium layer is an atomically flat surface, and the material of the insulating medium layer is a non-single crystal two-dimensional material.

Optionally, the material of the insulating medium layer is any of the following:

Silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride.

Optionally, the insulating medium layer has a thickness ranging from 100 nm to 500 nm, including endpoint values.

Optionally, the material of the insulating medium layer is a single crystal two-dimensional material.

Optionally, the length of the electrode is equal to the length of the slider, and the sum of the lengths of the electrode and the slider is equal to the length of the insulating medium layer.

The present application also provides a generator set, which includes multiple micro-generators connected in series and/or in parallel based on any one of the supersmooth structures described above.

A micro-generator based on super-slippery structure provided by the application includes a sliding part, an insulating medium layer, and an electrode, and the insulating medium layer is a single material medium layer; the sliding part and the insulating medium layer slide relatively , the lower surface of the slider and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer form a structural super-sliding contact state; the slider corresponds to the electrode on the upper surface of the insulating medium layer and does not The area slides reciprocally, and the sliding part and the insulating medium layer are electrified by contact or induced by injecting charges.

It can be seen that the micro-generator based on the super-slip structure in the present application includes a slider, an insulating dielectric layer and an electrode. The slider and the insulating dielectric layer are electrified by contact or induced by injecting charges. When the slider and the insulating dielectric layer slide relative to each other, The charge is induced in the electrode. Since the lower surface of the slider and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer form a structural super-slip contact state, in the super-slip contact state, the lower surface of the slider and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer will not slide relative to each other. Wear occurs, that is, the micro-generator based on the super-smooth structure will not wear and prolong the service life, and the actual contact area and the apparent contact area of the lower surface of the sliding part and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer are close, and the actual contact The area is relatively large, so the surface charge density of the lower surface of the slider and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer increases, so that the output performance per unit area of the ultramicro generator increases.

In addition, the present application also provides a generator set with the above advantages.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only For some embodiments of the present application, those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort.

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a micro-generator based on super-slippery structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another micro-generator based on structural supersmoothness provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 3 (a) to Fig. 3 (d) is the working principle flow chart of a kind of micro-generator based on structure supersmooth provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 4(a) to Fig. 4(d) are the flow charts of the working principle of another micro-generator based on supersmooth structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific implementation methods. Apparently, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of this application.

In the following description, a lot of specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present invention, but the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described here, and those skilled in the art can do it without departing from the meaning of the present invention. By analogy, the present invention is therefore not limited to the specific examples disclosed below.

As mentioned in the background technology section, in order to improve the output performance of the friction generator, micron or sub-micron microstructures are set on the two friction surfaces of the superfriction generator, and the microstructure can increase the area of the two friction surfaces However, during the use of the friction generator, the microstructure will be worn, which will affect the output performance and service life of the friction generator.

In view of this, the present application provides a micro-generator based on structural super-slip, please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a micro-generator based on structural super-slip provided by the embodiment of the application, including sliding Part 3, an insulating dielectric layer 2, an electrode 1, and the insulating dielectric layer 2 is a dielectric layer of a single material;

The sliding member 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 slide relatively, and the lower surface of the sliding member 3 and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer 2 form a structural super-slip contact state;

The slider 3 slides back and forth between the area corresponding to the electrode 1 and the area not corresponding to the electrode 1 on the upper surface of the insulating medium layer 2, and the sliding piece 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 are electrically charged or Charging is induced by injecting charge.

When the slider 3 is in contact with the insulating medium layer 2, one is positively charged and the other is negatively charged; when the sliding piece 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 are injected with charge, one injects a positive charge and the other injects a negative charge, that is, the slider After 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 are charged, the electrical properties of the charges are opposite.

Optionally, the thickness of the insulating medium layer is 100nm-500nm, inclusive, such as 100nm, 150nm, 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 450nm and so on.

Structural super-slip contact state means that the friction force between the two contact surfaces that relatively slide is almost zero, the wear is zero, and at least one of the lower surface of the sliding part 3 and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer 2 is a single A two-dimensional interface of a crystal, a two-dimensional interface of a single crystal is an atomically flat surface. An atomically flat surface refers to a surface with a roughness less than 1 nm.

The atomically flat surface can be obtained by processing the surface. The atomically flat surface is the property of single-crystal two-dimensional materials, and a super-slippery sheet can be obtained by certain processing.

The type of material of the slider 3 is not specifically limited in this application, for example, the material of the slider 3 is a two-dimensional conductor material, semiconductor material or insulator material. At this time, the upper surface of the insulating dielectric layer 2 is an atomically flat surface, and the material of the insulating dielectric layer 2 is a non-single crystal two-dimensional material. For example, the material of the insulating dielectric layer 2 includes but is not limited to silicon dioxide, nitrogen Any one of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and aluminum nitride; or the insulating dielectric layer 2 is also a single-crystal two-dimensional material, that is, has a single-crystal two-dimensional interface, for example, hexagonal boron nitride or mica.

When the material of the slider 3 is a two-dimensional conductive material, the specific type of the conductive material is not limited in this application. For example, the conductor material includes but is not limited to graphite, graphene, niobium disulfide, and tantalum disulfide, all of which are materials with single-crystal two-dimensional interfaces.

When the material of the slider 3 is a two-dimensional semiconductor material, the specific type of the semiconductor material is not limited in this application. For example, the semiconductor material includes, but is not limited to, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten diselenide, tungsten disulfide, and black phosphorus. Molybdenum disulfide, tungsten diselenide, tungsten disulfide, and black phosphorus are materials with a single-crystal two-dimensional interface.

When the material of the slider 3 is a two-dimensional insulator material, the specific type of the insulator material is not specifically limited in this application, for example, the insulator material includes but not limited to hexagonal boron nitride and mica.

When the material of the insulating dielectric layer 2 is a single crystal two-dimensional material, for example, the material of the insulating dielectric layer 2 is hexagonal boron nitride or mica, at this time, the lower surface of the slider 3 is an atomically flat surface, and the sliding The material of element 3 is a non-single-crystal two-dimensional material, such as silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, gold, platinum, and the like.

The micro-generator based on the ultra-slippery structure also includes: a connection circuit, the connection circuit includes a connection line, and the connection line is connected to the electrode 1 and the slider 3. At this time, the slider 3 is grounded, or only connected to the electrode 1.

Whether the slider 3 is grounded determines the type of material of the slider 3 . When the slider 3 is grounded, the material of the slider 3 is a conductor material, and when the slider 3 is not grounded, the material of the slider 3 is any one of a conductor material, a semiconductor material, and an insulator material. The principle of the micro generator will be described below when the slider 3 is grounded and not grounded.

The insulating dielectric layer 2 is a dielectric layer of a single material, which means that the insulating dielectric layer 2 is composed of only one material.

The material of the electrode 1 is a conductive material. Further, the type of the material of the electrode 1 is not specifically limited in this application. Optionally, the material of the electrode 1 includes but is not limited to any one or any combination of the following:

Copper, iron, tin, platinum, mercury, aluminum, zinc, titanium, tungsten, lead, nickel.

The micro-generator based on structural superslip in this application includes a slider 3, an insulating dielectric layer 2 and an electrode 1. The slider 3 and the insulating dielectric layer 2 are electrified by contact or induced by injecting charges. When the slider 3 and the insulating dielectric The layer 2 slides relative to each other, and the electric charge is induced in the electrode 1, and an electric signal is formed between the slider 3 and the electrode 1. Since the lower surface of the slider 3 and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer 2 form a super-slip contact state, the super-slip In the contact state, the lower surface of the slider 3 and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer 2 will not wear when they slide relative to each other, that is, the micro-generator based on the super-smooth structure will not wear and the service life will be extended, and the slider 3 The actual contact area of the lower surface of the slider 3 and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer 2 is close to the apparent contact area, and the actual contact area is relatively large, so the surface charge density of the lower surface of the slider 3 and the upper surface of the insulating medium layer 2 increases. Large, so that the output performance per unit area of the ultra-micro generator increases.

On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, in one embodiment of the present application, the electrodes and the slider are respectively connected with connecting wires, and the slider is grounded, and the slider, the electrode and the ground are connected to each other. There is electron transfer.

There are electrons flowing in the connecting wires connecting the slider and the connecting wires connecting the electrodes, that is, each connecting wire can be used as a power supply line. Optionally, as an embodiment, elements are respectively connected to the connection lines between the electrode 1 and the slider 3 and the ground, as shown in FIG. 2 ; optional, as another embodiment way, it is also possible to connect components on only one connecting line, as shown in Figure 3(a).

Components include, but are not limited to, resistors, LEDs (Light-Emitting Diodes, light-emitting diodes), LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays, liquid crystal displays), and the like.

On the basis of the above embodiments, in one embodiment of the present application, one end of the connecting wire is connected to the electrode 1, and the other end is connected to the ground, and there is no electron transfer between the slider 3 and the ground, The sliding part 3 is not connected with any connecting wires, as shown in Fig. 4(a), the micro-generator based on the super-slippery structure has only one power supply wire.

On the basis of any of the above-mentioned embodiments, in one embodiment of the present application, the length of the electrode 1 and the length of the slider 3 are equal, and the sum of the lengths of the electrode 1 and the slider 3 equal to the length of the insulating dielectric layer 2.

When the sum of the length of the electrode 1 and the length of the slider 3 is equal to the length of the insulating medium layer 2, the amount of charge induced in the electrode 1 is the largest; when the sum of the length of the electrode 1 and the slider 3 is equal to the length of the insulating medium layer 2 length, while the length of the slider 3 is less than the length of the electrode 1, during the reciprocating movement of the slider 3, the amount of charge induced in the electrode 1 will decrease; when the sum of the lengths of the electrode 1 and the slider 3 is equal to the insulating medium layer 2, and when the length of the slider 3 is greater than that of the electrode 1, the amount of charge induced in the electrode 1 will decrease during the reciprocating movement of the slider 3.

The working principle of the ultramicro generator in the present application will be described below by taking the contact electrification between the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 as an example. Please refer to Fig. 3(a) to Fig. 3(d), Fig. 3(a) to Fig. 3(d) are the working principle flow chart of the micro-generator based on the super-slippery structure provided by the embodiment of the present application, the slider 3 grounded.

As shown in Figure 3(a), the slider 3 contacts with the insulating medium layer 2 to electrify, the slider 3 is positively charged, and the part of the insulating medium layer 2 corresponding to the slider 3 is negatively charged. The pressure makes the sliding part 3 slide to the right, and the sliding is electrified. As shown in Figure 3(b), during the sliding process, a structural superslip contact state is formed between the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2, and the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer There is almost no friction between the two, and the wear is zero. The excess positive charge in the slider 3 is neutralized by the electrons flowing in from the ground. In the electrode 1, due to the electrostatic induction, the electrons flow into the ground to generate positive charges, and the direction of the current flows to the electrode 1; when sliding When piece 3 slides to the far right, as shown in Figure 3(c), no current is generated at this moment, and the number of positive charges in electrode 1 reaches the maximum; sliding piece 3 then slides to the left, as shown in Figure 3(d) , until it slides to the far left, during the sliding process, a structural super-sliding contact state is formed between the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2, there is almost no friction between the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2, the wear is zero, and the electrons flow from the ground Flowing into the electrode 1, the direction of the current is that the electrode 1 flows to the ground. As the slider 3 reciprocates, an alternating current is formed between the slider 3 and the ground.

Please refer to Fig. 4(a) to Fig. 4(d), Fig. 4(a) to Fig. 4(d) are the working principle flow chart of the micro-generator based on the super-slippery structure provided by the embodiment of the present application, the slider 3 Not grounded.

As shown in Figure 4(a), the slider 3 contacts the insulating medium layer 2 to electrify, the slider 3 is positively charged, and the part of the insulating medium layer 2 corresponding to the slider 3 is negatively charged, and the slider 3 slides to the right Sliding electrification during the sliding process, as shown in Figure 4(b), a structural superslip contact state is formed between the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 during the sliding process, and there is almost no friction between the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 Force, wear is zero, the number of positive charges in the slider 3 increases, the number of negative charges in the insulating medium layer 2 increases, positive charges are induced in the electrode 1, and the current flows from the ground to the electrode 1; when the slider 3 slides to the right end, As shown in Figure 4(c), no current is generated at this moment, and the number of positive charges in electrode 1 reaches the maximum; the slider 3 then slides to the left, as shown in Figure 4(d), until it slides to the leftmost end, at During the sliding process, the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2 form a structural super-slip contact state. There is almost no friction between the sliding part 3 and the insulating medium layer 2, and the wear is zero. Electrons flow from the ground to the electrode 1, and the current direction is the electrode 1 flows to the earth. As the slider 3 reciprocates, an alternating current is formed between the slider 3 and the ground.

Structural super-sliding contact state is formed between the sliding part and the insulating medium layer. When relative sliding occurs between the sliding part and the insulating medium layer, there is almost no friction and zero wear. At the same time, when relative sliding occurs between the sliding part and the insulating medium layer , electrons flow between the ground and the electrode, or between the ground and the slider and the electrode, and output an alternating current signal. Due to the super-slip contact state formed between the slider and the insulating medium layer, the van der Waals interaction surface between the slider and the insulating medium layer has an effective contact area close to 100%, thereby achieving stable and high-density current output; The extremely low friction and no wear characteristics also make the micro-generator have an almost unlimited life; due to the extremely low friction, the energy loss is small, resulting in extremely low external force required, and can be applied in extremely weak environments , with a conversion efficiency close to 100%.

The electricity generated by the micro-generator in this application is generated by contact electrification, not friction electrification. The triboelectric generator is the friction of two film layers with a large difference in electronegativity. When they are separated, they carry opposite charges respectively, forming a potential difference. The back electrode of the membrane layer is connected through a load, and the potential difference will make electrons flow between the two electrodes to balance the electrostatic potential difference between the membrane layers. Once the two layers rejoin, the potential difference created by the triboelectric charge disappears, allowing electrons to flow in opposite phases. The contact and separation between the two film layers are constantly carried out, and the output terminal of the triboelectric generator alternates current signals.

The present application also provides a generator set, which includes a plurality of micro-generators based on structural supersmoothness described in any one of the above embodiments that are connected in series and/or in parallel.

Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other. As for the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and for the related information, please refer to the description of the method part.

The micro-generator and generator set based on super-smooth structure provided by this application have been introduced in detail above. In this paper, specific examples are used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the methods and core ideas of the present application. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make some improvements and modifications to the application without departing from the principles of the application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the application.

Claims

A micro-generator based on super-slip structure, characterized in that it includes a sliding part, an insulating dielectric layer, and an electrode, and the insulating dielectric layer is a dielectric layer of a single material;

The sliding member and the insulating medium layer slide relatively, and the lower surface of the sliding member forms a structural super-slip contact state with the upper surface of the insulating medium layer;

The sliding member slides reciprocally on the upper surface of the insulating medium layer between the region corresponding to the electrode and the region not corresponding to the electrode, and the sliding member and the insulating medium layer are electrified by contact or induced by injecting charges.
The micro-generator based on structural superslip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrodes and the slider are respectively connected with connecting wires, and the slider is grounded, and the slider, the electrode and the There is electron transfer between the earth.
The micro-generator based on supersmooth structure according to claim 2, characterized in that elements are respectively connected to the connection lines between the electrodes and the slider and the ground.
The micro-generator based on structural supersmoothness according to claim 1, wherein one end of the connecting wire is connected to the electrode, the other end is connected to the ground, and there is no electron transfer between the sliding part and the ground .
The micro-generator based on structural supersmoothness according to claim 1, wherein the material of the sliding member is a two-dimensional conductor material, semiconductor material or insulator material.
The micro generator based on structural supersmoothness according to claim 5, wherein the upper surface of the insulating dielectric layer is an atomically flat surface, and the material of the insulating dielectric layer is a non-single crystal two-dimensional material .
The ultra-micro triboelectric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, the thickness of the insulating medium layer is 100nm-500nm, inclusive.
The micro generator based on structural supersmoothness according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the insulating medium layer is a single crystal two-dimensional material.
The micro-generator based on structural supersmoothness according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the length of the electrode is equal to the length of the slider, and the length of the electrode and the slider The sum is equal to the length of the insulating medium layer.
A generator set, characterized in that the generator set includes a plurality of micro-generators based on structural superslip according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which are connected in series and/or in parallel.