WO2023028797A1 - Phase compensation for channel state information - Google Patents

Phase compensation for channel state information Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023028797A1
WO2023028797A1 PCT/CN2021/115497 CN2021115497W WO2023028797A1 WO 2023028797 A1 WO2023028797 A1 WO 2023028797A1 CN 2021115497 W CN2021115497 W CN 2021115497W WO 2023028797 A1 WO2023028797 A1 WO 2023028797A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
estimation
phase
compound channel
channel
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PCT/CN2021/115497
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wenjian Wang
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Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd.
Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy
Nokia Technologies Oy
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Application filed by Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd., Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy, Nokia Technologies Oy filed Critical Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd.
Priority to PCT/CN2021/115497 priority Critical patent/WO2023028797A1/en
Priority to CN202180101961.XA priority patent/CN117941277A/zh
Publication of WO2023028797A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023028797A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
    • H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
    • H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
    • H04B17/15—Performance testing
    • H04B17/17—Detection of non-compliance or faulty performance, e.g. response deviations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/20—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using signal quality detector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0204—Channel estimation of multiple channels

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media of phase compensation for channel state information (CSI) .
  • CSI channel state information
  • JCAS joint communication and sensing system
  • JCAS devices such as, base stations and UEs
  • JCAS devices can communicate with each other, and simultaneously sense the environment to determine locations and speeds of nearby objects.
  • a wide variety of emerging applications rely on accurate measurements of CSI obtained from JCAS devices.
  • a time series of the CSI measurements reflect how wireless signals travel through surrounding objects and humans in time, frequency, and spatial domains, so they can be used for various wireless sensing applications.
  • CSI amplitude variations in the time domain have different patterns for different humans, activities, gestures, and so on, which can be used for human presence detection, fall detection, motion detection, activity recognition, gesture recognition, and human identification/authentication.
  • CSI phase shifts in the spatial and frequency domains are related to signal transmission delay and direction, which can be used for human localization and tracking.
  • CSI phase shifts in the time domain may have different dominant frequency components, which can be used for estimation of breathing rate of human.
  • Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of phase compensation for CSI.
  • a device comprising at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program codes; the at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the device at least to: in response to receipt of a plurality of first sensing signals via a first set of antennas in a time window, determine a first estimation of a compound channel between the device and a second device, the plurality of first sensing signals being received from the second device via a second set of antennas and reflected by at least one object in the compound channel; determine, based on the first estimation, phase error information indicating an antenna pair-wise phase mismatching for a plurality of antenna pairs, the antenna pairs of the plurality of antenna pairs being different from each other and each antenna pair comprising a receive antenna from the first set and a transmit antenna from the second set; determine compensation information for the compound channel based on the phase error information; determine a second estimation of the compound channel based on the compensation information and the first estimation; and transmit, to the second device,
  • a second device comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program codes; the at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the second device at least to: transmit, to a first device having a first set of antennas, a plurality of first sensing signals via a second set of antennas in a time window, the plurality of first sensing signals being reflected by at least one object in a compound channel; receive, from the first device, channel state information for the compound channel determined based on the plurality of first sensing signals and compensation information for the compound channel, the compensation information being determined based on an antenna pair-wise phase mismatching for a plurality of antenna pairs, the antenna pairs of the plurality of antenna pairs being different from each other and each antenna pair comprising a receive antenna from the first set and a transmit antenna from the second set; determine a signal pattern based on the channel state information; and transmit, based on the signal pattern and to the first device, a second sensing
  • a method comprises: in response to receipt of a plurality of first sensing signals via a first set of antennas in a time window, determining, at a device, a first estimation of a compound channel between the device and a second device, the plurality of first sensing signals being received from the second device via a second set of antennas and reflected by at least one object in the compound channel; determining, based on the first estimation, phase error information indicating an antenna pair-wise phase mismatching for a plurality of antenna pairs, the antenna pairs of the plurality of antenna pairs being different from each other and each antenna pair comprising a receive antenna from the first set and a transmit antenna from the second set; determining compensation information for the compound channel based on the phase error information; determining a second estimation of the compound channel based on the compensation information and the first estimation; and transmitting, to the second device, channel state information for the compound channel based on the second estimation and the plurality of first sensing signals.
  • a method comprises transmitting, at a second device and to a first device having a first set of antennas, a plurality of first sensing signals via a second set of antennas in a time window, the plurality of first sensing signals being reflected by at least one object in a compound channel; receiving, from the first device, channel state information for the compound channel determined based on the plurality of first sensing signals and compensation information for the compound channel, the compensation information being determined based on an antenna pair-wise phase mismatching for a plurality of antenna pairs, the antenna pairs of the plurality of antenna pairs being different from each other and each antenna pair comprising a receive antenna from the first set and a transmit antenna from the second set; determining a signal pattern based on the channel state information; and transmitting, based on the signal pattern and to the first device, a second sensing signal in another time window later than the time window.
  • an apparatus comprising: means for in response to receipt of a plurality of first sensing signals via a first set of antennas in a time window, determining a first estimation of a compound channel between the apparatus and a second apparatus, the plurality of first sensing signals being received from the second apparatus via a second set of antennas and reflected by at least one object in the compound channel; means for determining, based on the first estimation, phase error information indicating an antenna pair-wise phase mismatching for a plurality of antenna pairs, the antenna pairs of the plurality of antenna pairs being different from each other and each antenna pair comprising a receive antenna from the first set and a transmit antenna from the second set; means for determining compensation information for the compound channel based on the phase error information; means for determining a second estimation of the compound channel based on the compensation information and the first estimation; and means for transmitting, to the second apparatus, channel state information for the compound channel based on the second estimation and the plurality of first sensing signals.
  • an apparatus comprising: means for transmitting, to a first apparatus having a first set of antennas, a plurality of first sensing signals via a second set of antennas in a time window, the plurality of first sensing signals being reflected by at least one object in a compound channel; means for receiving, from the first apparatus, channel state information for the compound channel determined based on the plurality of first sensing signals and compensation information for the compound channel, the compensation information being determined based on an antenna pair-wise phase mismatching for a plurality of antenna pairs, the antenna pairs of the plurality of antenna pairs being different from each other and each antenna pair comprising a receive antenna from the first set and a transmit antenna from the second set; means for determining a signal pattern based on the channel state information; and means for transmitting, based on the signal pattern and to the first apparatus, a second sensing signal in another time window later than the time window.
  • a computer readable medium having a computer program stored thereon which, when executed by at least one processor of a device, causes the device to carry out the method according to the third aspect.
  • a computer readable medium having a computer program stored thereon which, when executed by at least one processor of a device, causes the device to carry out the method according to the fourth aspect.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example network environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented
  • FIG. 2 shows a signaling chart illustrating a process of PHE compensation for CSI according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIGs. 3A to 3D illustrate schematic diagrams for performance evaluations among an ideal case without PHN, a conventional case with PHN and without PHE compensation, and a case with PHN and PHE compensation in various field measurement scenarios according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of PHE compensation for CSI according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of PHE compensation for CSI according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 shows a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • references in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an example embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
  • circuitry may refer to one or more or all of the following:
  • circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware.
  • circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
  • the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as fifth generation (5G) systems, Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , Wi-Fi and so on.
  • 5G fifth generation
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • HSPA High-Speed Packet Access
  • NB-IoT Narrow Band Internet of Things
  • the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the future fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) communication protocols, and/or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future.
  • suitable generation communication protocols including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the future fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) communication protocols, and/or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the
  • the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom.
  • the network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR Next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
  • BS base station
  • AP access point
  • NodeB or NB node B
  • eNodeB or eNB evolved NodeB
  • gNB Next Generation NodeB
  • RRU Remote Radio Unit
  • RH radio header
  • RRH remote radio head
  • relay a
  • a RAN split architecture comprises a gNB-CU (Centralized unit, hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP) controlling a plurality of gNB-DUs (Distributed unit, hosting RLC, MAC and PHY) .
  • a relay node may correspond to DU part of the IAB node.
  • terminal device refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication.
  • a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a subscriber station (SS) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) .
  • UE user equipment
  • SS subscriber station
  • MS mobile station
  • AT access terminal
  • the terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and/or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and/or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and/
  • the terminal device may also correspond to Mobile Termination (MT) part of the integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node (a.k.a. a relay node) .
  • MT Mobile Termination
  • IAB integrated access and backhaul
  • the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
  • a user equipment apparatus such as a cell phone or tablet computer or laptop computer or desktop computer or mobile IoT device or fixed IoT device
  • This user equipment apparatus can, for example, be furnished with corresponding capabilities as described in connection with the fixed and/or the wireless network node (s) , as appropriate.
  • the user equipment apparatus may be the user equipment and/or or a control device, such as a chipset or processor, configured to control the user equipment when installed therein. Examples of such functionalities include the bootstrapping server function and/or the home subscriber server, which may be implemented in the user equipment apparatus by providing the user equipment apparatus with software configured to cause the user equipment apparatus to perform from the point of view of these functions/nodes.
  • PAU power amplifier uncertainty
  • I/Q imbalance which may be caused when the amplitude and phase distortion occurs and the orthogonal baseband signal will be destroyed; once the I/Q is imbalanced, after sampling and FFT, the result will be a deformed CSI;
  • carrier frequency offset the central frequencies of a transmission pair may not be perfectly synchronized; the carrier frequency offset is compensated by the CFO corrector of the receiver, but due to the hardware imperfection, the compensation may be incomplete, and signal still carries residual CFO, which leads to a time-varying CSI phase offset across subcarriers;
  • sampling frequency offset the sampling frequencies of the transmitter and the receiver exhibit an offset due to non-synchronized clocks, which can cause the received signal after ADC a time shift with respect to the transmitted signal; after the SFO corrector, residual SFO leads to a rotation error; because clock offsets are relatively stable within a short time (e.g., in the order of minutes [10] ) , such phase rotation errors are nearly constant;
  • PDD packet detection delay
  • PPO PLL phase offset
  • phase ambiguity when examining the phase difference between two receive antennas, recent work validates a so called four-way phase ambiguity existence when working on 2.4 GHz.
  • CSI phase errors There are non-negligible linear and non-linear CSI phase errors (PHEs) that are prevalent among various wireless device or JCAS devices.
  • PHEs linear and non-linear CSI phase errors
  • CSI can be considered as a matrix of complex values representing amplitude attenuation and phase shifts of multi-path channels, and the JCAS system with OFDM-MIMO is likely to suffer such PHEs, which may result in inaccurate measurements of CSI.
  • the inaccurate CSI may in turn impact subsequent signals from the transmitter device to the receiver device in the JCAS and have a great impact on the performance of the JCAS.
  • PHE estimation phase noise
  • Some phase noise (PHN) compensation schemes have been proposed for mitigating the PHN impact on the system performance.
  • PHE phase noise
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide an enhanced PHE compensation scheme.
  • the scheme can improve the accuracy of CSI phase measurements with a low complexity. It is also helpful for the transmitter of the sensing signal to adjust the signal pattern for the JCAS system, which can be used for optimizing subsequent sensing signals. In this way, the system performance can be improved, while the power consumption of the JCAS devices can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example network environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.
  • the network environment 100 may be a JCAS system or any other network system.
  • the example environment 100 may comprise a plurality of devices including first devices 110-1 to 110-J (hereinafter which may be also referred to as UEs 110-1 to 110-J/first devices 110-1 to 110-J individually, or a UE 110/afirst device 110 collectively) and a second device 120 serving the first devices 110-1 to 110-J.
  • the example environment 100 may also comprise at least one object, for example, the object 130 which is located through multi-path channels between the first devices 110-1 to 110-J and the second device 120.
  • the multi-path channels may be also referred to as a compound channels.
  • the example environment 100 is a JCAS MIMO system, for example, a JCAS system with mmWave massive MIMO.
  • the first device 110 and the second device 120 perform point-to-point (P2P) communications, and simultaneously sense the environment to determine parameters or characteristics of nearby objects (e.g., the object 130) , which includes, but not limited to, locations, speeds, gestures, activities, identities of nearby objects, and the like.
  • P2P point-to-point
  • a link from the second device 120 to the first device 110 is referred to as a downlink (DL)
  • DL downlink
  • UL uplink
  • the second device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device or a transmitter, while the first device 110 is a receiving (RX) device or a receiver.
  • the first device 110 is the TX device or a transmitter, while the second device 120 is a RX device or a receiver.
  • the first device 110 which can be any of the first devices 110-1 to 110-J, has N receive antennas, and the second device 120 has M transmit antennas.
  • the first device 110 and the second device communicate packets or signals through the M ⁇ N antenna array.
  • the second device 120 may directly transmit packets or signals for communication with the first device 110. Additionally, or alternatively, the second device 120 may also transmit packets or signals for sensing. As shown in FIG. 1, the signals transmitted from the second device 120 may propagate along the multi-path channel between the first device 110 and the second device 120. Once meeting the object 130, the signals for sensing will be reflected by the object 130, and then arrive at and received by the first device 110.
  • a packet transmitted by the second device 120 may include data payload, together with a pilot signal for synchronization and channel estimation.
  • pilot signals There are various forms of pilot signals, including a comb-type pilot, a block-type pilot, a Lattice-type pilot, etc.
  • a general data structure comprises a sequence of training symbols, denoted by L t , and data symbols, denoted by L d , for each spatial stream.
  • each transmit and receive antenna may be equipped with an independent oscillator, which means a local oscillator for the transmit or receive antenna may be different, which cause different PHNs.
  • the first device 110 measures and analyzes the signals for sensing, and estimates the compound channel between the first device 110 and the second device 120.
  • the first device 110 may determine PHN compensation information for the compound channel in an antenna pair-wise manner, and estimate the compound channel based on the PHN compensation information, and thus the channel estimation is more accurate.
  • the first device 110 may generate CSI for the compound channel based on the channel estimation, and transmit the CSI to the second device 120.
  • the second device 120 may adjust the signal pattern for sensing, so as to maximize the mutual information (MI) between the compound channel and the reflected signal from the object to be sensed at the first device 110.
  • MI mutual information
  • the network system 100 may include any suitable number of devices and/or object adapted for implementing implementations of the present disclosure, and the compound channel between the first device and the second device may be more complex or simple. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more additional devices may be located in the environment 100.
  • the first device 110 may be other devices than terminal devices.
  • the second device 120 may be a network device other than a base station or a part of a network device, for example, at least a part of a terrestrial network device or a non-terrestrial network device.
  • the network system 100 may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network, a Time Division Multiple Address (TDMA) network, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) network, an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) network, a Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) network or any other.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Address
  • FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access
  • SC-FDMA Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • Communications discussed in the network 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, New Radio Access (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , cdma2000, and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and the like.
  • NR New Radio Access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Evolution
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • the communications may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols.
  • the techniques described herein may be used for
  • FIG. 2 shows a signaling chart illustrating a process 200 of PHE compensation for CSI according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the process 200 may involve the first device 110, the second device 120 and the object 130.
  • the second device 120 transmits 205 a plurality of first sensing signals via a second set of antennas in a time window.
  • the time window may include a plurality of subframes.
  • the second set of antennas includes M transmit antennas.
  • the first sensing signals propagate on the compound channel, and are reflected by the object 130, and then received by the first device 110 via a first set of antennas.
  • the first set of antennas includes N receive antennas.
  • the first sensing signal reflected from the object 130 may be described as below:
  • K jl diag ⁇ [ ⁇ j1 ⁇ j2 L ⁇ jl ] ⁇ denotes a large scale fading factor between the first device 110-j and the second device 120
  • H j denotes a preconfigured channel function, which may be in form of a channel matrix
  • ⁇ R denotes a PHN matrix of the first device 110-j
  • ⁇ T denotes a PHN matrix of the second device 120
  • ICI denotes the inter-carrier interference
  • v j denotes the additive white Gaussian noise.
  • the expression ⁇ R H j ⁇ T may indicate common phase error (CPE) caused by the PHN, there are CPEs ubiquitously in a practical development, measurement and testing in massive MIMO engineering verification platform if no compensation scheme is adopted.
  • CPE common phase error
  • the first device 110-j Upon receipt of the plurality of first sensing signals in the time window, the first device 110-j determines 210 a first estimation of the compound channel.
  • the first estimation of the compound channel may be a coarse channel estimation corrupted by the PHNs introduced at the first device 110-j and the second device 120, for example, by their local oscillators.
  • the first channel matrix may be determined as below:
  • each matrix element represents an estimated path channel associated with a pair of transmit and receive antennas, with the subscripts represent corresponding indexes of transmit and receive antennas.
  • PHNs are time-varying and change from symbol to symbol, which may be modelled as a Wiener process, and also change over symbols as well as subframes in time domain.
  • PHN matrixes ⁇ R and ⁇ T need to be reduced.
  • the first device 110-j determines PHE information based on the first estimation of the compound channel.
  • the PHE information indicates the PHE causing respective phase mismatching between phases associated with the first antenna pair H 11 and a plurality of the second antenna pairs, i.e., from H 12 to H NM .
  • the first device 110-j may first determine relative phase mismatch coefficient ⁇ i, nm on the i-th subframe in the time window by aligning a respective phase of every element to the phase of elementH 11 .
  • the phase mismatch coefficient ⁇ i, nm is grouped as a phase mismatching matrix described as below:
  • the time window may be also referred to be a smooth window.
  • the first device 110-j determines 215 compensation information for the compound channel.
  • the compensation information indicates a compensation of the PHE, and thus the PHE can be removed.
  • the compensation information may be in form of a compensation matrix described as below:
  • the compensation matrix ⁇ ′′ can be regarded as a conjugate of every element in the phase mismatching matrix ⁇ ′.
  • the first device 110-j determines 220 a second estimation of the compound channel based on the compensation information and the first estimation of the compound channel.
  • the second estimation of the compound channel may be regarded as a refined channel estimation with PHN compensation for the first device 110-j and the second device 120.
  • the second estimation of the compound channel may be in form of a second channel matrix. From the formulas (2) to (4) , the second channel matrix is described as below:
  • the first device 110-j generates 225 CSI containing compensation information based on the second estimation of the compound, and transmits 230 the CSI to the second device 120.
  • the compensation information which is uniquely determined based on a receive antenna and a transmit antenna in a pair-wise manner, the accuracy of the CSI is significantly improved.
  • the second device 120 Upon receipt of the CSI, the second device 120 adjusts 235 a signal pattern for the sensing signals, so as to maximize the MI at the first device 110-j.
  • the second device 120 may determine the signal pattern for the transmitted signal X d in the space-time domain in a matrix form. The signal pattern may be determined to maximize MI associated with the compound channel.
  • ⁇ is derived based on the compensated compound channel H′′ i, j
  • ⁇ is the right unitary matrix after singular value decomposition (SVD) of the compound channel covariance matrix H′′ i, j H′′ i, j H
  • ⁇ diag ( [ ⁇ 1, 1 , ..., ⁇ i, i , ..., ⁇ N, N ) is a diagonal matrix with ⁇ i, i being the singular values.
  • the second device 120 transmits 240 a second sensing signal in another time window later than the time window based on the signal pattern determined in 235.
  • the other time window may include at least one subframe.
  • FIGs. 3A to 3D illustrate schematic diagrams for performance evaluations among an ideal case without PHN, a conventional case with PHN and without PHE compensation, and an enhanced case with PHN and applying PHE compensation scheme (which is referred to as scheme 1 for short) in various field measurement scenarios according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the evaluation metric for the performance gain shown in FIGs. 3A to 3D is mainly a spectral efficiency, and a total throughput can be determined by multiplying the spectral efficiency by the bandwidth.
  • the performance gains of scheme 1 are relatively obvious when equipped with less receive antennas.
  • the moderate SNR sections i.e., SNR in a range from 10dB to 20dB, have a relatively large gain, and a relatively bigger gap with the ideal case, which means the compensation scheme provides an effect in these sections.
  • very low and higher sections i.e., the SNR below 10dB or beyond 20dB, compensation effect is not quite noticeable, which is common for all the three cases.
  • the compensation effect becomes smaller.
  • the enhanced case provides an average gain over the conventional case in SNR section from 7dB to 20dB of about 22.9%.
  • FIGs. 3A and 3C which illustrate scenarios for 64Tx4Rx, by using the scheme 1, the average gain over the conventional case in a similar SNR section is up to 37.4%. This phenomenon may be contributed to the receive antennas.
  • the entire or only a part of the process 200 can be implemented for more than one time, for example, in an iteratively manner, or at a certain time interval.
  • the terminal device and the network device may need to implement the process 200 again.
  • a CSI PHE compensation scheme is provided.
  • the PHE compensation can be implemented with a low complexity.
  • the accuracy of CSI can be increased, which in turn improves the signal design of the transmitted signal.
  • the MI between the sensing channel and the reflected signal from the sensing object at UEs can be maximized, and the system performance will be enhanced.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of PHE compensation for CSI implemented at terminal devices and network devices. These methods will be described below with reference to FIGs. 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 400 of PHE compensation for CSI according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the method 400 can be implemented at any of the first devices 110-1 to 110-J as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the method 500 will be described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the first device 110 receives a plurality of first sensing signals via a first set of antennas in a time window.
  • the plurality of first sensing signals is transmitted from the second device 120 via a second set of antennas, and reflected by at least one object 130 in the compound channel between the first device 110 and a second device 120.
  • the first device 110 determines a first estimation of the compound channel.
  • the first estimation of the compound channel may be corrupted by noises (e.g., PHNs) from the first device 110 and the second device 120, and thus contain PHEs.
  • noises e.g., PHNs
  • the first estimation of the compound channel may be in form of a first channel matrix.
  • the first channel matrix may be determined, by the first device 110, based on a matrix for the compound channel, a first phase noise matrix associated with the first device 110, and a second phase noise matrix associated with the second device 120.
  • the first device 110 determines, based on the first estimation, PHE information indicating an antenna pair-wise phase mismatching for a plurality of antenna pairs.
  • the antenna pairs of the plurality of antenna pairs is different from each other and each antenna pair comprises a receive antenna from the first set and a transmit antenna from the second set.
  • the antenna pair-wise phase mismatching may be a phase mismatching between a first phase of the first sensing signal associated with a first antenna pair of the plurality of antenna pairs and a second phase of a respective first sensing signal associated with each antenna pair from the rest of the antenna pairs of the plurality of antenna pairs.
  • the phase error information may comprise a phase error matrix.
  • the first device 110 may determine, for the time window, a group of phase mismatching coefficients indicative of respective phase mismatching between the first antenna pair and each antenna pair from the rest of the antenna pairs of the plurality of antenna pairs. The first device 110 may then determine the phase error matrix based on the group of phase mismatch coefficients.
  • the first device 110 determines compensation information for the compound channel based on the phase error information.
  • the compensation information may comprise a compensation matrix indicative of antenna pair-wise phase compensation corresponding to the antenna pair-wise phase mismatching.
  • the first device 110 determines a second estimation of the compound channel based on the compensation information and the first estimation.
  • the second estimation of the compound channel may comprise a second channel matrix for the compound channel.
  • the first device 110 may determine the second channel matrix by multiplying elements at the same positions in the first channel matrix and the compensation matrix.
  • the first device 110 transmits, to the second device 120, CSI for the compound channel.
  • the CSI is determined based on the second estimation and the plurality of first sensing signals.
  • the first device 110 may receive, from the second device 120, a second sensing signal in another time window later than the time window.
  • the other time window may include at least one subframe.
  • the second sensing signal may be transmitted, by the second device 120, based on a signal pattern determined from the CSI.
  • the entire or only a part of the method 400 can be implemented at the first device 110 for more than one time, for example, in an iteratively manner, or at a certain time interval.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 500 of PHE compensation for CSI according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the method 500 can be implemented at the second device 120 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, the method 500 will be described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the second device 120 transmits, to the first device 110 having a first set of antennas, a plurality of first sensing signals via a second set of antennas in a time window.
  • the plurality of first sensing signals is reflected by at least one object in a compound channel.
  • the second device 120 receives, from the first device 110, CSI for the compound channel determined based on the plurality of first sensing signals and compensation information for the compound channel.
  • the compensation information is determined based on an antenna pair-wise phase mismatching for a plurality of antenna pairs.
  • the antenna pairs of the plurality of antenna pairs are different from each other and each antenna pair comprises a receive antenna from the first set and a transmit antenna from the second set.
  • the antenna pair-wise phase mismatching is indicative of a phase mismatching between a first phase of the first sensing signal associated with the first antenna pair of the plurality of antenna pairs and a second phase of a respective first sensing signal associated with each antenna pair from the rest of the plurality of antenna pairs
  • the compensation information is indicative of an antenna pair-wise phase compensation corresponding to the antenna pair-wise phase mismatching
  • the second device 120 determines a signal pattern based on the CSI.
  • the second device 120 may adjust the signal pattern to maximize the MI between the compound channel and the reflected signal from the sensing object 130 at the first device 110.
  • the second device 120 may determine an estimation of the compound channel based on the CSI.
  • the estimation of the compound channel may be compensated by antenna pair-wise phase compensation corresponding to the antenna pair-wise phase mismatching.
  • the second device 120 may then determine the signal pattern based on the estimation of the compound channel.
  • the second device may generate the second sensing signal at space-time domain based on the above formular (6) .
  • the second device 120 transmits, based on the determined signal pattern and to the first device 110, the second sensing signal in another time window later than the time window.
  • the other time window may include at least one subframe.
  • the method 500 can be implemented at the second device 120 for more than one time, for example, in an iteratively manner, or at a certain time interval.
  • an apparatus capable of performing the method 400 may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 400.
  • the means may be implemented in any suitable form.
  • the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
  • the apparatus comprises means for, in response to receipt of a plurality of first sensing signals via a first set of antennas in a time window, determining a first estimation of a compound channel between the apparatus and a second apparatus, the plurality of first sensing signals being received from the second apparatus via a second set of antennas and reflected by at least one object in the compound channel; means for determining, based on the first estimation, phase error information indicating an antenna pair-wise phase mismatching for a plurality of antenna pairs, the antenna pairs of the plurality of antenna pairs being different from each other and each antenna pair comprising a receive antenna from the first set and a transmit antenna from the second set; means for determining compensation information for the compound channel based on the phase error information; means for determining a second estimation of the compound channel based on the compensation information and the first estimation; and means for transmitting, to the second apparatus, channel state information for the compound channel based on the second estimation and the plurality of first sensing signals.
  • the first estimation comprises phase errors caused by the apparatus and the second apparatus
  • the antenna pair-wise phase mismatching comprises a phase mismatching between a first phase of the first sensing signal associated with the first antenna pair of the plurality of antenna pairs and a second phase of a respective first sensing signal associated with each antenna pair of the rest of antenna pairs from the plurality of antenna pairs.
  • the phase error information comprises a phase error matrix and the means for determining the phase error information comprises: means for determining, for the time window, a group of phase mismatching coefficients indicative of respective phase mismatching between the first antenna pair and each antenna pair of the rest of antenna pairs from the plurality of antenna pairs; and means for determining a phase error matrix based on the group of phase mismatch coefficients.
  • the first estimation of the compound channel comprises a first channel matrix determined based on a matrix for the compound channel, a first phase noise matrix associated with the apparatus, and a second phase noise matrix associated with the second apparatus.
  • the compensation information comprises a compensation matrix indicative of antenna pair-wise phase compensation corresponding to the antenna pair-wise phase mismatching.
  • the first estimation of the compound channel comprises a first channel matrix for the compound channel
  • the second estimation of the compound channel comprises a second channel matrix for the compound channel
  • the means for determining the second estimation comprises: means for determining the second channel matrix by multiplying elements at the same positions in the first channel matrix and the compensation matrix.
  • the apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from the second apparatus, a second sensing signal in another time window later than the time window, the second sensing signal transmitted, by the second apparatus, based on a signal pattern determined from the channel state information.
  • the apparatus is a terminal device, and the second apparatus is a network device.
  • an apparatus capable of performing the method 500 may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 500.
  • the means may be implemented in any suitable form.
  • the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
  • the apparatus comprises: means for transmitting, to a first apparatus having a first set of antennas, a plurality of first sensing signals via a second set of antennas in a time window, the plurality of first sensing signals being reflected by at least one object in a compound channel; means for receiving, from the first apparatus, channel state information for the compound channel determined based on the plurality of first sensing signals and compensation information for the compound channel, the compensation information being determined based on an antenna pair-wise phase mismatching for a plurality of antenna pairs, the antenna pairs of the plurality of antenna pairs being different from each other and each antenna pair comprising a receive antenna from the first set and a transmit antenna from the second set; means for determining a signal pattern based on the channel state information; and means for transmitting, based on the signal pattern and to the first apparatus, a second sensing signal in another time window later than the time window.
  • the antenna pair-wise phase mismatching is indicative of a phase mismatching between a first phase of the first sensing signal associated with the first antenna pair of the plurality of antenna pairs and a second phase of a respective first sensing signal associated with each antenna pair from the rest of the antenna pairs of the plurality of antenna pairs
  • the compensation information is indicative of an antenna pair-wise phase compensation corresponding to the antenna pair-wise phase mismatching
  • the means for determining the signal pattern comprises: means for determining an estimation of the compound channel based on the CSI, the estimation of the compound channel being compensated by antenna pair-wise phase compensation corresponding to the antenna pair-wise phase mismatching; and means for determining, based on the estimation of the compound channel, the signal pattern such that MI associated with the compound channel is maximize.
  • the first apparatus is a terminal device, and the apparatus is a network device.
  • FIG. 6 is a simplified block diagram of a device 600 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the device 600 may be provided to implement the communication device, for example the first devices 110-1 to 110-J and the second device 120 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the device 600 includes one or more processors 610, one or more memories 620 coupled to the processor 610, and one or more transmitters and/or receivers (TX/RX) 640 coupled to the processor 610.
  • TX/RX transmitters and/or receivers
  • the TX/RX 640 may be configured for bidirectional communications.
  • the TX/RX 640 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication.
  • the communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements.
  • the processor 610 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
  • the device 600 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
  • the memory 620 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories.
  • the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 624, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , and other magnetic storage and/or optical storage media.
  • the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 622 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
  • a computer program 630 includes computer executable instructions that may be executed by the associated processor 610.
  • the program 630 may be stored in the ROM 624.
  • the processor 610 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 630 into the RAM622.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 630 so that the device 600 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIGs. 2 to 5.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
  • the program 630 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 600 (such as in the memory 620) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 600.
  • the device 600 may load the program 630 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 622 for execution.
  • the computer readable medium may include any types of tangible non-volatile storage, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like.
  • FIG. 7. shows an example of the computer readable medium 700 in form of CD or DVD.
  • the computer readable medium has the program 630 stored thereon.
  • Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations. It is to be understood that the block, device, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
  • the present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium.
  • the computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the methods 400 and 500 as described above with reference to FIGs. 4-5.
  • program modules may include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
  • the functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments.
  • Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
  • Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions/operations specified in the flowcharts and/or block diagrams to be implemented.
  • the program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
  • the computer program codes or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, device or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above.
  • Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
  • the computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium.
  • a computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

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