WO2023028624A1 - Battery charge control system - Google Patents

Battery charge control system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023028624A1
WO2023028624A1 PCT/AL2022/000001 AL2022000001W WO2023028624A1 WO 2023028624 A1 WO2023028624 A1 WO 2023028624A1 AL 2022000001 W AL2022000001 W AL 2022000001W WO 2023028624 A1 WO2023028624 A1 WO 2023028624A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
control system
diodes
point
cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AL2022/000001
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Umberto La Gatta
Antonio La Gatta
Original Assignee
Just Technology Shpk
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Just Technology Shpk filed Critical Just Technology Shpk
Publication of WO2023028624A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023028624A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter

Definitions

  • a Batery Management System is any electronic system that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack), for example- by protecting the battery from operating outside its safe operating range by monitoring its status.
  • the BMS also controls the batery charge by redirecting the ⁇ covered encrg) * i.e. from regenerative braking) to the battery pack (usuallx consisting of a n umber of battery modules, each consisting of a number ofcells.
  • BMS technology varies in complexity and performance: Simple passive regulators achieve balance between batteries or cells by bypassing the charging current when the cell voltage reaches a certain level, ('ell volta •gv-e is a weak indicator of cellular SOC ( 'and for some lithium chemicals such as LiFePO4 is not an indicator at all), therefore, making equal cell voltages using passi ve regulators does not balance SGC, which is the goal of a BMS.
  • a full BMS also reports battery stat ⁇ on a screen and protects the battery.
  • a BMS can also be equipped with a pre-systent that allows a secure way to connect the battery to different loads and eliminate excess input currents. The connection to the load is normally controlled through electromagnetic staffs called contactors.
  • a single controller is connected to the battery cells via a number of wires.
  • a BMS board is installed in each cell, with only one communication cable between the battery and a controller.
  • Modular few controllers, each of which manages a certain number of cells, with communication between controllers.
  • Centralized BMSs are cheaper, less extensible, arid are plagued by a host of cables.
  • Distributed BMSs are the most expensive, easiest to instaH and offer the cleanest assembly.
  • Modular BMSs offer a compromise between the features and problems of the other two topologies.
  • the requirements for a BMS in mobile applications (such as electric vehicles) and stationary applications (such as stand-by UPS in a server room) are quite different, especially froth the space and weight limit requirements, so the hardware and software should adapt to specific use.
  • the requirements for a BMS in mobile applications (such as electric vehicles) and sts ary applications (such as stand-by UPS in a server room) are quite different, especially from the space and weight limit requirements, so the hardware and software should adapt to specific use.
  • our system provides a single connection which in the diagram is indicated by A. Therefore the final connection with the cell group is formed only at three points, l.e. ground indicated by GND, control indicated by A and output voltage indicated by VCC.
  • This system greatly simplifies the wiring and reliability of the control system.
  • This system greatly simplifies the wiring and reliability of the control system.
  • VIN voltage must be slightly greater than the voltage of ach cell can usually be twice! the cell potential, generally between 18 and 15 volts, but not necessarily in this interval anyw
  • ottr system provides a single connection which in the diagram is indicated by A. Therefore the final connection with the cell group is formed only at three points, i.e. ground indicated by GND, control indicated by A and output voltage indicated by ycc.
  • This system greatly simplifies the wiring and reliability of the control system.
  • the system requires an upstream square generator (shown as a purple rectangle in diagram fig I.)
  • the square generator generates a square ume with an input voltage V (VIN), this VTN voltage must be slightly greater than the voltage of each cell can usually be twice the cell potential, generally between 18 and 15 volts, but not necessarily in this interval any way.
  • VIN input voltage
  • the series of c-ells Gl, G2, GN is charged with a single single suppl ⁇ of external power, the voltage of which is slightly higher than the VCC voltage and. the current required for charging is injected.
  • This power supply not shown in the diagram, will not take care -of balancing the cell loads, making the whole system much simpler and more efficient at this point.
  • Capacitors C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ Cn have very important specifications
  • the oscillator frequency should be the higher, in accordance with the tosses and the size of the capacitors, the higher the frequency and the smaller the capacitor mas be. which affects the circuit costs, a typical frequency may be about equal anyway at 30 KHz
  • the system shown in the figure is equipped with more than one microcontroller, for eae which has the task of controlling the relative battery charging voltage also operates bs replacing the traditional diodes previously shown with D I D2 Dm with active diodes, which in any case can be the latest generation transistor sw iteh. show n here w hh Q 1.
  • active diodes has the advantage of reducing losses and being faster. The speed of the active diodes allows the switching frequency of the generator f 0 to rise to much higher levels. Active diodes are synchronous diodes, controlled by the respective microcontroller.
  • the microcontroller as well as the direction of the active diode, through the same cable can also communicate with the UI (central unit), through which vou can perform statistics and extmpolar reports of various types, in relation to the entire battery life cycle.
  • UI central unit
  • Indicators LI, 1.2, Ln are used to disconnect communication signals alternately, otherwise

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A battery charge control system for a battery including a plurality of series connected cells is provided. The system comprises a frequency generator, at least one capacitor connected at a first terminal to an output of the frequency generator and at least a couple of diodes connected in series. A common node of the diodes is connected to the capacitor at its second terminal. The two diodes are connected across a cell of the battery.

Description

BMS Management battery system
ABSTRACT
A Batery Management System (BMS) is any electronic system that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack), for example- by protecting the battery from operating outside its safe operating range by monitoring its status. The BMS also controls the batery charge by redirecting the ^covered encrg) * i.e. from regenerative braking) to the battery pack (usuallx consisting of a n umber of battery modules, each consisting of a number ofcells.
BMS technology varies in complexity and performance: Simple passive regulators achieve balance between batteries or cells by bypassing the charging current when the cell voltage reaches a certain level, ('ell volta •gv-e is a weak indicator of cellular SOC ( 'and for some lithium chemicals such as LiFePO4 is not an indicator at all), therefore, making equal cell voltages using passi ve regulators does not balance SGC, which is the goal of a BMS.
Therefore, such devices, although certainly useful, have major limitations in their cilectiveness. Active regulators that intelligently turn on and off a load when appropriate, once again to achieve balance. If only cell voltage is used as a parameter to enable active regulators, the same restrictions as above apply to passive regulators. A full BMS also reports battery stat^ on a screen and protects the battery. A BMS can also be equipped with a pre-systent that allows a secure way to connect the battery to different loads and eliminate excess input currents. The connection to the load is normally controlled through electromagnetic staffs called contactors. Nd mdnyto qe te maksimizohet kapaciteti i baterise dhe pdr td parandaluar ndn-ngarkimin ose mbingarkesen e lokalizuar, BMS mund te sigurqje ne menyre aktive qe te gjitha qelizat^ perbejnd batering t§ mirdmbahen ne id njdjtln tension ose gjendje ngarkese, pdrmes
BMS round: Te shpenzoje energji nga qelizat me te ngarkuara duke i lidhur ato me nje ngarkese
(n.sh. permes rregullatordve pasive), Pdrziejeni energiine nga qelizat me te ngarkuara nd ato mb pak te ngarkuara (balancuesit). U ini rrymen e karikimit ne me nivel mjaft t§ tdet pgr te fttos demtuar qelizat plot&slshl te ngarkuara, ndgrsa qelizat ro§ pak te ngarkuara round te vazhdojng te karikohen (nuk ylen pdr qelizat kimike t§ litruroit)
DESCRIPTION
BMS typologies are divided into .3 categories:
Centralized: a single controller is connected to the battery cells via a number of wires.
Distributed: A BMS board is installed in each cell, with only one communication cable between the battery and a controller. Modular: few controllers, each of which manages a certain number of cells, with communication between controllers. Centralized BMSs are cheaper, less extensible, arid are plagued by a host of cables. Distributed BMSs are the most expensive, easiest to instaH and offer the cleanest assembly.
Modular BMSs offer a compromise between the features and problems of the other two topologies.
The requirements for a BMS in mobile applications (such as electric vehicles) and stationary applications (such as stand-by UPS in a server room) are quite different, especially from the space and weight limit requirements, so the hardware and software should adapt to specific use.
The requirements for a BMS in mobile applications (such as electric vehicles) and stationary applications (such as stand-by UPS in a server room) are quite different, especially froth the space and weight limit requirements, so the hardware and software should adapt to specific use. The requirements for a BMS in mobile applications (such as electric vehicles) and sts
Figure imgf000004_0001
ary applications (such as stand-by UPS in a server room) are quite different, especially from the space and weight limit requirements, so the hardware and software should adapt to specific use.
One of the biggest problems that all current systems have is balancing the cells that make up the battery. As it is known. the cells are all in series with each other, and based on their efficiency, some will charge more than others, being, in series the current passing through them is always the same and consequently needs a system to balance loads between different cells. The real problem of traditional balancing systems is that they use an integrated active circuit that must be mounted in parallel with each battery and therefore the series of batteries consisting of n cells, will bring n -r 1 connections, start and end each cell plus all the intermediate points of the different cells so that the voltage at the ends of each single cell is then taken up by traditional BMS.
Figure imgf000004_0002
Our technology provides at the ends of the cell only a set of three passive components which in the diagram arc shown as Cl DI and D2 for cell G 1, C2 1)3 and D4 for ceil G2 and so on for n cells.
DESIGNS
Unlike traditional systems, our system provides a single connection which in the diagram is indicated by A. Therefore the final connection with the cell group is formed only at three points, l.e. ground indicated by GND, control indicated by A and output voltage indicated by VCC.
This system greatly simplifies the wiring and reliability of the control system.
To work, the system requires an upstream square generator ('shown as a purple rectangle in diagram fig I .)
This system greatly simplifies the wiring and reliability of the control system.
To work, the system requires an upstream square generator ( shown as a purple rectangle in diagram fig ! ,) The square generator generate:
VIN voltage must be slightly greater than the voltage of ach cell can usually be twice! the cell potential, generally between 18 and 15 volts, but not necessarily in this interval anyw
Unlike traditional systems, ottr system provides a single connection which in the diagram is indicated by A. Therefore the final connection with the cell group is formed only at three points, i.e. ground indicated by GND, control indicated by A and output voltage indicated by ycc.
This system greatly simplifies the wiring and reliability of the control system.
To work, the system requires an upstream square generator (shown as a purple rectangle in diagram fig I.) The square generator generates a square ume with an input voltage V (VIN), this VTN voltage must be slightly greater than the voltage of each cell can usually be twice the cell potential, generally between 18 and 15 volts, but not necessarily in this interval any way. Typically the series of c-ells Gl, G2, GN, is charged with a single single suppl} of external power, the voltage of which is slightly higher than the VCC voltage and. the current required for charging is injected. This power supply, not shown in the diagram, will not take care -of balancing the cell loads, making the whole system much simpler and more efficient at this point. Capacitors C1~C2~Cn have very important specifications
Their resistance (Z) as a function of frequency (f a) Z which is equal to 1 / {2nf 0 Cl) must be <100 OHM
The oscillator frequency should be the higher, in accordance with the tosses and the size of the capacitors, the higher the frequency and the smaller the capacitor mas be. which affects the circuit costs, a typical frequency may be about equal anyway at 30 KHz
1 KHz <f ° <2 MHz
Figure imgf000007_0001
The system shown in the figure is equipped with more than one microcontroller, for eae which has the task of controlling the relative battery charging voltage also operates bs replacing the traditional diodes previously shown with D I D2 Dm with active diodes, which in any case can be the latest generation transistor sw iteh. show n here w hh Q 1. Using active diodes has the advantage of reducing losses and being faster. The speed of the active diodes allows the switching frequency of the generator f 0 to rise to much higher levels. Active diodes are synchronous diodes, controlled by the respective microcontroller.
The microcontroller, as well as the direction of the active diode, through the same cable can also communicate with the UI (central unit), through which vou can perform statistics and extmpolar reports of various types, in relation to the entire battery life cycle. Microprocessor communication Mpl Mp2. Mpn, with UI, the central unit, occurs through capacitors for
Mpl. CIJ2 for Mp2, and so on. the typical values of these capacitors can vary from 100 pF to 10 nF. Indicators LI, 1.2, Ln, are used to disconnect communication signals alternately, otherwise

Claims

1 ) Battery charge control system, consisting of a frequency generator, two diodes and a capacitor, whose- impedance must be 100 OHM, installed across the battery
2) System as in point one which provides a single connection cable for charge co
3(Buttery charge control system which inxohes the use of a square waxe generator, where the frequency (f °) of the generator is equal to: I KHz <f 0 ".2 MHz, typically assumed to be about 30 KHz. i
•4) Control system as in point 1 where one of' the diodes is replaced by an active diode, in order to reduce losses and improve the load passing frequency.
5) The system as in point 4, in which a microprocessor is used to communicate the state of charge of the batteries with a central unit and to control the active diode.
6) The system as in point 5 in which the communication with the central unit is done through capacitors whose capacitance can vary from I OOpF to 10 uF.
7
PCT/AL2022/000001 2021-09-02 2022-04-14 Battery charge control system WO2023028624A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ALAL/T/2021/000640 2021-09-02
ALP2021640 2021-09-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023028624A1 true WO2023028624A1 (en) 2023-03-09

Family

ID=84034232

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AL2022/000001 WO2023028624A1 (en) 2021-09-02 2022-04-14 Battery charge control system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2023028624A1 (en)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070268000A1 (en) * 2006-04-10 2007-11-22 Denso Corporation Battery pack management apparatus
US20080084184A1 (en) * 2006-10-04 2008-04-10 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Charging device
WO2010070423A1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-24 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Voltage balancing device for secondary battery system
JP2013183557A (en) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-12 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Voltage equalization circuit operable with small number of switches and equalizing voltage of storage cells connected in series
NL2011919C2 (en) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-11 Barend Johannis Boerman Resonance control terminal driven electric power transfer device.
WO2017014300A1 (en) * 2015-07-22 2017-01-26 日本蓄電器工業株式会社 Voltage equalization circuit system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070268000A1 (en) * 2006-04-10 2007-11-22 Denso Corporation Battery pack management apparatus
US20080084184A1 (en) * 2006-10-04 2008-04-10 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Charging device
WO2010070423A1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-24 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Voltage balancing device for secondary battery system
JP2013183557A (en) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-12 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Voltage equalization circuit operable with small number of switches and equalizing voltage of storage cells connected in series
NL2011919C2 (en) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-11 Barend Johannis Boerman Resonance control terminal driven electric power transfer device.
WO2017014300A1 (en) * 2015-07-22 2017-01-26 日本蓄電器工業株式会社 Voltage equalization circuit system

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9780591B2 (en) Adaptive battery pack
US9436261B2 (en) Battery management system, and method of managing the same
CN102593884B (en) Battery system and the energy storage system comprising it
CN102104257B (en) Energy storage system of apartment building, integrated power management system, and method of controlling the system
CN102420447B (en) Charging and discharging compound type automatic equalizing circuit for serially-connected battery pack and equalizing method
KR101631064B1 (en) Battery pack, voltage measuring method of the same, and energy storage system including the battery pack
CN102969749A (en) Cell balancing method, cell balancing device, and energy storage system including the cell balancing device
CN104184183A (en) Battery management system and method for driving same
CN104901324A (en) Energy storage system and controlling method thereof
KR20130124772A (en) System and method for converting electric power, and apparatus and method for controlling the system
KR20140040627A (en) Battery system, and energy storage system including the same
JP5475387B2 (en) Power supply optimization device for power supply system
KR20150019902A (en) Battery system, method for controlling battery system and energy storage system including the same
US9871388B2 (en) Voltage equalization apparatus and electricity storage apparatus
CN105186663A (en) Supercapacitor-base uninterrupted power system
CN116615829A (en) Energy storage system, control method of energy storage system and photovoltaic power generation system
CN112993418B (en) Energy storage system
WO2023028624A1 (en) Battery charge control system
EP4311063A1 (en) Power supply system, and output voltage control method for direct-current combiner box
JP2010200579A (en) Storage management system
Amudhavalli et al. Quadratic boost converter with integrated energy storage using pi controller for low power photovoltaic applications
CN113595221A (en) Composite power supply module and composite power supply equalization system
US20230207937A1 (en) Reconfigurable architecture for stationary energy storage system
CN111817406B (en) Power supply system and maintenance method of battery pack
CN217427757U (en) Inverter and power supply circuit thereof

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 22798232

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE