NL2011919C2 - Resonance control terminal driven electric power transfer device. - Google Patents
Resonance control terminal driven electric power transfer device. Download PDFInfo
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- NL2011919C2 NL2011919C2 NL2011919A NL2011919A NL2011919C2 NL 2011919 C2 NL2011919 C2 NL 2011919C2 NL 2011919 A NL2011919 A NL 2011919A NL 2011919 A NL2011919 A NL 2011919A NL 2011919 C2 NL2011919 C2 NL 2011919C2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/338—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement
- H02M3/3382—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement in a push-pull circuit arrangement
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/10—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage
- H03K17/102—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage in field-effect transistor switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/12—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched current
- H03K17/122—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched current in field-effect transistor switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/687—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
- H03K17/689—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit
- H03K17/691—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit using transformer coupling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Description
Resonance control terminal driven electric power transfer device
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is in the field an electric circuit for transferring electrical power and in particular in the field of a resonance control terminal driven electric power transfer device, a driving circuit for use in said device, a method of operating said device, a product comprising said device, and use of said device.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is in the field an electric circuit for transferring electrical power. For electric potential conversion various switching circuits are known. In terms of efficiency it is a goal to convert and likewise transfer electric power with a minimal loss of energy.
Various switching circuits are known comprising switching elements containing semiconductors. The semiconductors can be switch alternately to a conducting state in order to transfer electric energy, such as by means of a capacitive component located in between switching units.
In such an example a potential provided leads to a dependant and proportional output potential and a tuneable second output potential. A complex signal generator provides a driving signal for the second potential.
In a further example switching elements are driven individually by a signal generator. The signal synchronously drives a series of MOSFETs by means of electronics. The driving action generates inherent energy loss.
In a further example switching elements are driven individually. Such is especially cumbersome when a (long) chain of switching.units, located in series, need to be driven; typically sophisticated electronics is then required.
Some examples relate to inherent galvanic coupling of switching elements and signal generator. A degree of design freedom is lost in such a circuit, especially in view of switches requiring galvanic separation.
The present invention therefore relates to an improved electric circuit for transferring electrical power, which solve one or more of the above problems and drawbacks of the prior art, providing reliable and advantageous results, without jeopardizing functionality and advantages.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a converter device according to claim 1. The converter in an example relates to a resonance control terminal driven electric power transfer device .
The present device may be used as a converter circuit. The circuit is designed to operate efficiently. It may be based on a resonant gate controlled electronic drive circuit, for controlling a power output potential delivered from a power input. An alternating current power output can be transferred using a coupling circuit towards e.g. a rectifier. Such can be done in a passive way, by using a type of diodes, or in an active way, by using a second driver unit extracting the power by running both driver units synchronized. In a set-up an impedance adjustment can be added in order to influence the frequency. In order to improve drive settings for a wider range an optimal efficiency can be achieved by correcting the drive frequency and/or amplitude. In order to determine these settings one can measure a deviation between a theoretical designed ratio divided by a measured difference between input and output voltage. This result is considered to represent a specific degree of du-ty/load. The result can be used as a feedback for tuning the present signal generator.
The present invention has as an objective to reduce energy losses in the driver. Such is in an example achieved by coupling a signal generator to a primary winding of a signal transformer. The control (or drive) input of semiconductor switches are each coupled to a secondary winding of a transformer. Depending on a type or types of semiconductor used, switching may be' operated by providing a same polarity, a different polarity, or a phased polarity. The transformer is, as an inductive counterpart, parallel to the combined parasitic capacities (in a functional scheme) of the semiconductor switches,.. This enables resonance driving of the switches. As a result energy losses for driving a capacitive load is reduced significantly.
It is noted that by the present application of a transformer for transferring a signal, the signal being provided to a primary winding of the transformer, leads to a (theoretically) perfect synchronous driving of all the semiconductor switches, the switches being coupled to a secondary side of the transformer.
The present invention provides a simple solution wherein in an example one generated signal can be transferred using a transformer to all drive inputs of the transistors, at the same time. Thereto a signal generator and a transformer are provided. The present simple design provides a large degree of freedom, such as for circuit requiring galvanic separation between signal generator and switching elements and/or between switching elements mutually. If necessary such separation can even be extended to individual semiconductor switches.
The switches of the present invention can be switched very efficient in a synchronous manner. By a simple design a number of (minimal required) electronic components can be limited. As such, small, robust and efficient designs are provided. The present invention provides efficient and durable designs having a large degree of freedom for design.
In an example the present circuit is also suited for high voltage conversion.
In certain examples the present invention relates to power management, bi-directional conversion, wireless energy transfer, high voltage conversion and voltage multiplexing. In other words, the present invention provides a broad range of applications .
The present switching unit (SU) comprises at least two switching elements, specifically at least two transistors being connected in series, in parallel, in anti-series, in antiparallel, and combinations thereof. The switching unit has at least two transistors in series; i.e. if only two transistors are provided then these transistors are placed in series. The two switches may switch mutual oppositely. Two switching units may switch in phase with one and another if electrical energy is transferred. One switching unit forms part of a converter, a second forms part of a driving circuit. The transfer is mediated through a coupling circuit. The coupling circuit in an example comprises passive elements, such as a capacitor, a transformer, an inductor, a crystal, a complex impedance, and combinations thereof. The coupling circuit optionally comprises an adjustment circuit.
The driving of the switching units is through a second side of driving transformer. The switching units comprise transistors, such as a (MOS)FET transistor, an (IG)bipolar transistor, etc. On a primary side of the driving (or signal) transformer a signal from a signal generator is provided for driving the transformer.
With respect to terms used the following is noted (in line with Wikipedia).
Resonance is take as the tendency of a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at some frequencies than at others. Electric power relates to a rate at which electric energy is transferred by an electric circuit. An oscillator provides oscillation. Oscillation is a repetitive variation, typically in time, of a parameter around a central value or between two or more different states. A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers energy by inductive coupling between its winding circuits. Each winding (circuit), i.e. primary winding and secondary winding, typically has a spirally wound wire which may have one or more revolutions, typically a multitude of revolutions. A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. Electrical impedance relates to a ratio of a voltage phasor to an electric current phasor, which is a measure of the opposition to time-varying electric current in an electric circuit. An impedance adapter is designed to adapt' at least one impedance, in relation to one or more other impedances. A converter circuit relates to a complete circuit comprising all the necessary parts to full operation for conversion, consisting of at least a potential transferor (or more spread over several phases, and/or implemented, including decoupling). . A voltage coupler relates to a converter section which in itself can couple or transfer an electrical potential fully or partly, e.g.' when combined with other structures. A driver circuit relates to a circuit in which a power potential is modulated by means of a switching unit and control according to the invention. In a single phase embodiment it may be provided in combination with a decoupling capacitor. As a complete embodiment of a circuit it relates to a minimum required components of the present invention. A driver module relates to a collective term for the three components described below. It can be regarded as an example of an essential building block of the invention which can be constructed in various ways. In brief, a driver module is an active (one phase) inverter, or any rectifier. In a combination of more than one hereof a set-up relates to a synchronous multi-stage driver.
An active rectifier has the same operation and structure as a driving circuit. However, a power potential is demodulated by means of a switching unit and/or a driver according to the invention. For an alternating variant it applies in practice that the demodulation effectively converts an 'AM' appearance power potential to an AC voltage, wherein an alternating voltage converts to a DC voltage. A passive rectifier relates to an alternative. It sets an output voltage to a DC voltage, and limits the relating potential to an output, and is thereby not bi-directional.
An inductor, also called a coil or reactor, is a passive two-terminal electrical component which resists changes in electric current passing through it. It consists of a conductor such as a wire, usually wound into a coil or winding. An inductor may have a magnetic core made of a magnetic material inside the coil, which serves to increase the magnetic field and thus the inductance. A switching unit in an example relates to a half H-bridge consisting of two complementary switching switch elements.
An electronic switch relates to a switch comprising at least two semiconductor elements in series and/or parallel. A semiconductor element relates to a set-up of one or more parallel, counter-parallel, or anti-series-connected controllable semiconductor devices of any type transistor (transistor, FET, IGBT, etc.) which share a common secondary transformer winding signal. Within the present application the term "transistor" may be considered to relate to a somewhat more generic term "semiconductor element" as well. A signal generator relates to a signal driver circuit which is suitable to drive a LC-impedance and is connected to at least a signal transformer on a primary side thereof. A signal transformer relates to a relatively small transformer. If driving both the following apply: it forms a bridge between the signal generator and the semiconductor devices, as well as in an impedance mode it forms an inductive counterpart of the sum of the parasitic capacitive input impedance of the semiconductor elements connected to it. A power transformer relates to an inductive variant as an example of a coupling circuit. A complex impedance relates in an coupling circuit: to an alternative to the power transformer, including a crystal, a resonator, an LC series resonant circuit, whether or not in combination with each other and/or with additional active elements (e.g.: tunnel diode) and/or passive elements (e.g.: capacitor) parts.
An impedance adapter relates to a circuit between the signal generator and the signal transformer comprising a variable complex impedance in order to influence the resonance frequency in driving the switching units. A coupling circuit relates to a transfer medium in a potential transfer circuit. In an example it is located between two driver modules of which at least one is active (at the entrance) . A by-pass capacitor relates to a loading buffer especially in all single phase units. A safety circuit relates to an auxiliary component, which is not considered an essential part of the invention. It relates to an optional additional circuit for protection, such as when transistors are connected in a series circuit (power band), creating a high voltage switch. A balancer relates to a chain of capacitively coupled potentials . A dynamic current measurement relates to an additional example arising from the switching properties of the· invention.
It relates to a method of measuring a current, with no additional resistor, at no additional energy loss, as a part on the feedback for the driving characteristics of the signal generator (frequency and/or amplitude). It is measured according to the principle that the deviation between the theoretical design ratio and the practical design ratio between the input voltage and output voltage represents the relative load of the convert- er.
Part of the present invention relates to an improved driving circuit.
Thereby the present invention provides a solution to one or more of the above mentioned problems and drawbacks.
Advantages of the present description are detailed throughout the description.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates in a first aspect to a converter device according to claim 1.
In an example, as for instance is illustrated in figure 3, device 302, two or more sets of (Ic) a first switching unit, (II)a coupling circuit and (III) a second switching unit may be provided. The first switching units are connected to the at least one (and the same) signal transformer, and the second switching units may be connected to the at least one (and the same) signal transformer. The first switching units may be mutually connected electrically and the second switching units may be mutually connected electrically. As such a multitude of the above sets may be driven by one signal generator and one (divided) signal transformer.
In an example of the present device the driving circuit comprises at a primary side of the at least one signal transformer (IV) an impedance adapter, preferably a impedance adapter comprising a tuneable capacitor and a tuneable inductor, and/or (V) a decouple circuit, preferably a decouple circuit comprising a tuneable capacitor and a tuneable inductor, and/or (VI) a potential comparator, wherein in use the comparator is in electrical contact with the first terminal, the second terminal and the oscillator.
In an example of the present device the signal generator comprises one or more of (Ial) a voltage controlled oscillator, (Ia2) an LC-dependent oscillator, (Ia3)a frequency driver, and (Ia4) a digital pulse generator.
In an example of the present device the second switching unit is at one side inductively coupled to a secondary side of the at least one signal transformer.
In an example of the present device the switching unit each individually comprises (i)a decouple capacitor, the decouple capacitor connected parallel to a first terminal (115) and to a second terminal '(117), and (iii) the first terminal being in contact with the drain of the first transistor and the second terminal being in contact with the source of the second transistor. Such is typically the case if two transistors of similar nature are provided, such as two N-type or two P-type transistors, respectively. If two different types of transistors are provided than clearly a second terminal is in contact with a drain of the second transistor, instead of the source thereof.
In an example of the present device (II)the coupling circuit is one or more of a couple capacitor, a (series) resonator, a transformer, and an inductor.
In an example of the present device the first and a second terminal are in contact with one or more of a solar cell terminals, a battery terminals, a capacitor terminals, a power grid terminals, a switch terminals, and combinations thereof.
In an example of the present device the coupling circuit (II) comprises at least one resonating circuit, the at least one resonating circuit comprising a capacitor, a crystal, or a combination thereof.
In an example of the present device the at least one signal transformer comprises one or more primary windings and/or one or more secondary windings, wherein the windings are a configuration selected from in parallel, in series, in post synchronized, and combinations thereof. In case of post synchronization at least two signal transformers are present.
In an example of the present device the driving circuit comprises a signal generator for varying a resonance frequency.
In a second aspect the present invention relates to a driving circuit for use in a device according to the invention, according to claim 11.
The present driver circuit is designed to operate efficiently, based on a frequency variable resonant gate controlled electronic drive circuit, for controlling a power output potential delivered from a DC voltage. The present driver comprises ( per phase ), a controllable signal generator, with an associated impedance adapter, coupled to at least one signal transformer, coupled to a driver module constructed out of two switching units.
In a third aspect the invention relates to a method of operating a device or driving circuit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein switching units are switched synchronous and in resonance by driving a control terminal of the transistors.
In an example of the present method non-coupled switching units are switched each individually with a fixed phase shift, such as of a part of 360 degrees, respectively.
In an example of the present method a drive potential and a drive frequency are controlled actively by the signal generator.
In an example of the present method, e.g. for example (800) a primary and secondary side of a power transformer and a switch direction are switched actively and synchronously.
In a fourth aspect the present invention relates to a product comprising a device according to the invention, such as as a solar cell, a power transfer device, a bi-directional power transfer device, a voltage divider, and an induction device.
In a fifth aspect the invention relates to a use of a device according to the invention for one or more of electrical power transfer, capacitive electrical power transfer, electrical induction power transfer, contactless electrical power transfer, series resonance electrical power transfer, bidirectional electrical power transfer, power management of voltage sources in series, voltage divider, differential current measurement, series and parallel voltage transfer, series and parallel current transfer, impedance relating to voltage ratio, and combinations thereof.
The one or more of the above examples and embodiments may be combined, falling within the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLES
The invention is further detailed by the accompanying figures, which are exemplary and explanatory of nature and are not limiting the scope of the invention. To the person skilled in the art it may be clear that many variants, being obvious or not, may be conceivable falling within the scope of protection, defined by the present claims.
The invention although described in detailed explanatory context may be best understood in conjunction with the accompanying figures.
SUMMARY OF FIGURES
Fig. 1-12 show topologies of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES In the figures the following references are used: C: Capacitor CC: Coupling Circuit
Cell: (Solar) cell DC: Decouple Circuit DCM: Dynamic Current Measurement IA: Impedance adapter OSC: Oscillator PR: Passive Rectifier RES: Resonance circuit R: Resistor SD: Signal Driver SG: Signal Generator SU: Switching unit T: Transistor
Tr: Transformer STR: Signal transformer U: Potential at terminal VCO: Voltage Coupled Oscillator
The above elements may be numbered (consecutively) in any of the figures.
One part of the invention relates to a switching unit. The simplest implementation is shown in Figure 1. Shown are two MOSFETs (102 and 103). There may be more than one MOSFETs in a switching element as is shown in Figure 2. Also variations are possible with other semiconductor devices such as transistors, IGBTs and the like. Each switch unit is driven by a signal transformer (101). This signal transformer is used for all semiconductors of a complete circuit, but can also be used per semiconductor having its own transformer, or can be divided otherwise. What is considered important are the polarities of the windings and the type (N or P) of the semiconductors. Within a switching unit to be switched the switching elements thereof may be opposed of each other (in function), wherein a winding orientation is mutually swapped. When a same type of semiconductor is used, the orientations of the semiconductors (109 and 110) of the windings (106 and 107) may be in opposite directions. If opposite type semiconductors (N and P) are used, the polarities of the windings are equal. What the switching unit does is switching an output potential (116) alternating between two power input potentials (115 and 117). Depending on the mode, a decoupling capacitor (104) per switching unit can be added. Exceptions may be when multiple switching units are placed parallel.
Examples of possible configurations of switching units can be seen in figure 2. Switching unit 201 shows a set-up with one common winding for two switching elements. Therein control inputs can be put parallel to each other. A complementary switching behaviour is achieved by using opposite type semiconductors N and P, respectively. A goal of this arrangement is the simplicity of an individual signal transformer. Switching unit 202 has the advantage of polarity independence. When using MOSFETs this can be done by sets of two MOSFETs of the same type (N or P) to be placed in an anti-series way. A resulting advantage of this configuration is that the control inputs of each set can be in parallel placement providing an opportunity for connecting both to one single secondary winding. While using transistors or IGBTs this can be done by switching anti-parallel, or . complementary parallel. In anti-parallel arrangement, each semiconductor (both of the same type) in a set is required to have its own control winding. Its outputs are then opposed to each other in parallel. In a complementary parallel placement, the outputs are parallel using both semiconductor types N and P.
For control, a control winding is placed in between the ba-ses/gates of both transistors. Therein the inputs are basically connected in series, having the control winding in between. Another advantage of the transformer control is its highly synchronous- and consistent control. This offers the possibility of being able to place a multiple thereof in series, as shown in Figure 203. In an example of fig. 203, by using multiple transistors in series, a higher voltage can be switched compared to when just one transistor is used. In addition, a safety circuit per switching element could be placed as a last catch in small asymmetrical imbalance behaviour of the chain shown. It is also possible to switch a higher current simply by connecting multiple parallel transistors. An obvious advantage is that the inputs of a set can also be connected, as shown in figure 204, in parallel at one common winding. It is a distinct advantage that these examples can also be combined. For example, two parallel set-ups put to an one winding configuration can be configured by combining sample 201 and 204. Also, all random combinations using examples 202, 203 and 204 are possible. For 203 and 204 are also longer chains than two sets of transistors per switching element are possible .
With the technique of the switching units mentioned, it is possible to construct a basic converter by building up a circuitry using at least two switching units using a coupling circuit. Figure 300 shows two examples of two power potentials being coupled via coupling capacitors. In circuit 301, the switching units are linked by terminal CJB and through C3. Because it is a one phase embodiment both the potentials UAB and UBc are buffered by Cl and C2. Circuit 302 uses the same technique, but achieving a ratio of 3:1 between the potentials UAc and UCb· In order to be relatively efficient at a higher ratio, the impedance needs to be adjusted per potential. In figure 302 this is done using two parallel switching units in potential UBc- Another option is to lower the impedance using one low impedance switching unit. With two sets as shown in the figure the sets can be in opposite phase orientated by setting one of the paired sets switching units fully complementary to the other set. Furthermore, the conversion of any type converter shown stops when the signal generator (e.g. 311, 312) is not active.
An other than capacitive conversion is possible using the gate resonance drive control technique, such as by forms of transmission between switch units as shown in figure 4. Exam-pies 401 and 700 transfer power by using a power transformer. Circuit 401 shows how both sides can be driven asymmetrically; therein both transformer windings are decoupled by using decoupling capacitor C2 and C4. In figure 7 both windings are symmetrically driven, and therein a decoupling may not be required. The decoupling capacitors shown can be used to reduce a ripple effect. An advantage of the control by using a signal transformer results in that transistors of different independent potentials can be driven with just one signal generator (419 and 701). Also, if the potentials are to remain electrically isolated from each other, the windings of the signal transformer itself are also electrically isolated. Figure 402 is a disguised derivative of figure 700. Therein a complex im- pedance (RES1 and RES2) replaces a power transformer transfer for transfer. A complex impedance (RES) may consist of a crystal or a capacitor, optionally in combination with an inductor and/or a tunnel diode, or even combined with other components or topologies. Figure 403 and 404 are two separate modules which can transmit power wirelessly by induction. In certain cases it can be more interesting to use a complex impedance instead of just a decoupling capacitor (RES3 and RES4). This could give a more stable operation over a wider distance range. Therein, a the receiving side takes into account to synchronize its signal generator in dependence of the sending side.
In an alternative a balancer is shown in Figure 5. It can be made based on the same technique. An operation of a multiple of connected potentials is designed to keep every single cell (such as, a battery, a battery cell, solar cell or solar panel) at the same (or similar) voltage. This reduces the loss on power when a deviation in a part of the chain (501) occurs, for example when a (partial) shade of a panel or cell occurs. The voltage drop of the complete chain will then be reduced by using the balancer. This set-up (501) works for batteries as well, because a cell thereof is not equivalent to another, thereby creating an imbalance. Since the balancer itself also functions as an accurate voltage divider, it can produce intermediate values compared to the chain to determined imbalance as shown in figure 502, by comparing these intermediate cell voltage values to the voltage divider values, reflecting an imbalance of related voltages: Ua, Ub and Uc. Figure 502 also shows, by using switches, how the imbalance can be compensated in order to accelerate the balancing process.
Figure 6 shows a comparison of impedance behaviour of figure 3. Circuit 301 can be seen as two power exchanging voltage sources, as is shown in figure 601. The same is shown for example 302 (figure 602). Figures 603 and 604 show, related to each other, how the conversion reverses direction through various input and output configurations.
Figure 8 shows a basic arrangement of a converter with two switching units separated by a coupling circuit. The picture shows how the signal generator via a signal transformer drives both switching units. Applying an impedance adapter is not considered a necessary element for the invention, for each of the converter configurations shown. A slightly simpler variant is based on a. passive rectifier output, shown in figure 9. This can be interesting if constructed for high frequencies or high voltages, in which cases power loss caused by voltage drop of the rectifier diodes is minor to the overall conversion power loss. A disadvantage is that an exchange of energy in both directions is no longer possible this way.
An option to optimize the converter is by tuning the signal generator depending on the load. Measuring the load can be done using a measuring resistor. The load can be determined from the deviation in voltage difference compared to the theoretical design voltage ratio of the converter, as shown in figure 10, by making use of a predictable converter impedance behaviour. Block D.C.M. measures the input voltage and the output voltage. The degree of deviation of the determined voltages related to the design ratio is a measure of the relative load. A result thereof can be returned as feedback to the signal generator .
In a further application, the invention can be used as a power frequency driver, such as shown in figure 11. In this way, using the resonant gate control, an output potential can be driven highly efficient. With use of the impedance adapter in the control section, the drive frequency is variable. A frequency of the output potential automatically follows a control frequency thereby.
In fig. 12 a schematic representation of a signal generator is given. In the upper variant an oscillator is connected to a signal driver, which signal driver is connected to a decouple circuit. In the lower variant a voltage coupled oscillator is connected to a signal driver, which signal driver is connected to a decouple circuit.
Claims (17)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2011919A NL2011919C2 (en) | 2013-12-09 | 2013-12-09 | Resonance control terminal driven electric power transfer device. |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2011919A NL2011919C2 (en) | 2013-12-09 | 2013-12-09 | Resonance control terminal driven electric power transfer device. |
| NL2011919 | 2013-12-09 |
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| NL2011919C2 true NL2011919C2 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
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| NL2011919A NL2011919C2 (en) | 2013-12-09 | 2013-12-09 | Resonance control terminal driven electric power transfer device. |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023028624A1 (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2023-03-09 | Just Technology Shpk | Battery charge control system |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5514921A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1996-05-07 | General Electric Company | Lossless gate drivers for high-frequency PWM switching cells |
| US6344768B1 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Full-bridge DC-to-DC converter having an unipolar gate drive |
| US20070008757A1 (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2007-01-11 | Hiroshi Usui | Synchronous commutation dc-dc converter |
| US7193866B1 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2007-03-20 | Ming-Ho Huang | Half-bridge LLC resonant converter with a synchronous rectification function |
-
2013
- 2013-12-09 NL NL2011919A patent/NL2011919C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5514921A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1996-05-07 | General Electric Company | Lossless gate drivers for high-frequency PWM switching cells |
| US6344768B1 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Full-bridge DC-to-DC converter having an unipolar gate drive |
| US20070008757A1 (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2007-01-11 | Hiroshi Usui | Synchronous commutation dc-dc converter |
| US7193866B1 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2007-03-20 | Ming-Ho Huang | Half-bridge LLC resonant converter with a synchronous rectification function |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023028624A1 (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2023-03-09 | Just Technology Shpk | Battery charge control system |
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