WO2023024460A1

WO2023024460A1 - Solar self-powered solid hybrid ris, dynamic hybrid ris and active ris

Info

Publication number: WO2023024460A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/077432
Authority: WO
Inventors: 陈睿; 董海月; 石光明; 张帝; 雷雨
Original assignee: 西安电子科技大学
Priority date: 2021-08-23
Filing date: 2022-02-23
Publication date: 2023-03-02

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are a solar self-powered solid hybrid RIS, a dynamic hybrid RIS and an active RIS. The solid hybrid RIS comprises a plurality of active reflection elements, which are arranged regularly in the middle, a plurality of passive reflection elements, which are arranged regularly at the periphery, and an RIS controller, which is respectively connected to the active reflection elements and the passive reflection elements, wherein the RIS controller is used for controlling the phases and amplitudes of incident signals on the active reflection elements and controlling the phases of incident signals on the passive reflection elements; and the active reflection elements each comprise a solar cell unit, and the solar cell units can convert light incident on the active reflection elements into electric energy, so as to supply power to the active reflection elements and the RIS controller. The RIS in the present invention is integrated with a solar cell, so as to supply power to a reflection-type amplifier by using solar energy, such that the reflection-type amplifier can amplify the amplitude of an incident signal, and can also be deployed in a remote area without a power system to power supply, so as to assist in communication, channel estimation, positioning, etc., thereby breaking away from dependence on a power system.

Description

Solar self-powered solid-state hybrid RIS, dynamic hybrid RIS and active RIS

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and in particular relates to a reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface powered by solar energy.

Background technique

It is expected that the capacity of communication networks will increase by a thousand times in the next ten years, and ubiquitous wireless connections will become a reality. However, highly complex networks, high-cost hardware and increasing energy consumption will be the key issues facing future wireless communications. For example, the massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) and ultra-dense networking in the key technologies of 5G increase hardware costs and energy consumption due to the deployment of a large number of base stations and antennas; the spectrum ranges from sub-6G to millimeter wave, terahertz Expansion of , requires more complex signal processing and more expensive power-hungry hardware.

For now, the manufacturing process of the solar photovoltaic power generation industry has been continuously improved, the scale has been continuously expanded, and the commercialization process has been accelerated. However, applying the inexhaustible green and environmentally friendly solar energy to the existing communication network to reduce energy consumption and miniaturization of equipment will become a major trend in the future. In addition, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence, wireless networks are becoming more and more intelligent in terms of technology and equipment, which has triggered a large number of scholars to think deeply about the limitation of communication performance and the decline of service quality caused by the uncontrollable wireless environment. , thus proposing a nearly passive, low-cost, low-energy consumption, easy-to-deploy, and novel and unique technology—Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS).

RIS is usually arranged by a large number of well-designed electromagnetic units. The RIS controller is used to intelligently control the space electromagnetic wave in a programmable way, thereby changing the parameters of the electromagnetic wave such as phase, amplitude, polarization and frequency. Its biggest advantages are low cost, near passive and easy deployment. However, when passive RIS is used to assist wireless communication, the signal passes through cascaded channels. Compared with the direct link, the path loss of the reflective link is superimposed in the form of a product, which leads to the double fading problem. In addition, passive RIS not only limits the end-to-end channel beamforming gain, but also prevents RIS from acquiring accurate channel state information. Therefore, hybrid active/passive RIS and active RIS are proposed to solve the above problems. Hybrid active/passive RIS and active RIS can both change the phase of the incident signal and amplify its amplitude. However, active reflective elements need power supply, especially when the number of active reflective element units is large, the power supply is a big problem, which will directly affect the commercial deployment of hybrid active/passive RIS and active RIS.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface powered by solar energy. The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

The present invention provides a solar self-powered solid-state hybrid RIS, comprising a plurality of active reflective elements regularly arranged in the middle, a plurality of passive reflective elements regularly arranged in the periphery, and connecting the active reflective elements and the passive reflective elements respectively. RIS controller of the source reflective element, where,

the RIS controller for controlling the phase and amplitude of a signal incident on the active reflective element, and controlling the phase of a signal incident on the passive reflective element;

The active reflective element includes a solar cell unit, and the solar cell unit is capable of converting light incident on the active reflective element into electrical energy to supply power to the active reflective element and the RIS controller.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the active reflective element includes an active reflective element layer, a semiconductor crystal layer, a chip inductor layer, a first metal backplane, and a first control circuit board in order from top to bottom. the first control circuit board is connected to the RIS controller;

The active reflective element layer, the semiconductor crystal layer and the first metal back plate constitute the solar cell unit to supply power to the first control circuit board and the RIS controller.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a voltage stabilizing circuit is connected between the first metal backplane and the first control circuit board.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the active reflective element further includes a decoupling circuit, and the decoupling circuit is connected between the active reflective element layer and the first control circuit board.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the active reflective element includes an active reflective element layer, a glass substrate, a thin-film solar cell, a first metal backplane, and a first control circuit board from top to bottom. The control circuit board is connected to the RIS controller;

The thin-film solar cell constitutes the solar cell unit, and can convert light energy incident on the active reflective element into electrical energy to supply power to the first control circuit board and the RIS controller.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the first control circuit board includes a first phase shift circuit, a reflective amplifier, and a power supply module, wherein,

The phase shift circuit is used to change the phase of the incident signal to the active reflective element under the control of the RIS controller; the reflection amplifier is used to change the phase of the incident signal to the active reflective element under the control of the RIS controller. The incident signal amplitude of the source-reflection element;

The power supply module is used for storing the electric energy generated by the solar battery unit and supplying power to the first control circuit board and the RIS controller.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the passive reflective element includes a passive reflective element layer, a second metal backplane, and a second control circuit board from top to bottom, and the second control circuit board is connected to the RIS controller.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the second control circuit board includes a second phase shift circuit for changing the frequency to the passive reflective element under the control of the RIS controller. The phase of the incident signal.

The invention provides a dynamic hybrid RIS self-powered by solar energy, which includes a reflective surface main unit, a hybrid RIS controller and a control circuit board, wherein,

The reflective surface main unit includes a plurality of reflective element units, a switch network unit, a plurality of active link units and a plurality of passive link units are integrated on the control circuit board, and the hybrid RIS controller is connected to The control circuit board is used to control the switching network unit to selectively connect any one of the plurality of reflective element units to the active link unit or the passive link unit, so as to connect the current The reflective element unit forms an active reflective element unit or a passive reflective element unit,

The reflective element unit includes a solar cell unit capable of converting light incident on the reflective element unit into electrical energy to supply power to the hybrid RIS controller and the control circuit board.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the reflective element unit includes a first reflective element layer, a semiconductor crystal layer, a chip inductor layer, and a first metal backplane from top to bottom, and the first reflective element layer is provided with There are multiple radiation patches arranged regularly;

The first reflective element layer, the semiconductor crystal layer and the first metal back plate constitute the solar cell unit to supply power to the hybrid RIS controller and the control circuit board.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the reflective element unit includes a second reflective element layer, a glass substrate, a thin-film solar cell, and a second metal back plate in sequence from top to bottom, and the second reflective element layer is provided with regular A plurality of radiation patches are arranged, and the thin film solar cell constitutes the solar cell unit, which can convert light energy incident on the second reflective element layer into electrical energy.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the switching network unit includes a plurality of selection switches, one end of the selection switch is connected to one of the reflection element units, and the other end can be selected under the control of the hybrid RIS controller is selectively connected to the active link unit or the passive link unit, so as to dynamically convert the current reflective element unit into an active reflective element unit or a passive reflective element unit.

The invention provides an active RIS self-powered by solar energy, which includes a reflective surface main unit, an RIS controller and a control circuit board, wherein,

The reflective surface main unit includes multiple reflective element units, the RIS controller is connected to the control circuit board, and multiple reflective amplifiers and multiple phase shift circuits are integrated on the control circuit board. The RIS The controller can control the reflective amplifier to adjust the amplitude of the incident signal on the first reflective element unit, and adjust the phase of the incident signal on the reflective element unit by controlling the phase shift circuit;

The reflective element unit includes a solar cell unit capable of converting light incident on the reflective element unit into electrical energy to supply power to the RIS controller and the control circuit board.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the reflective element unit includes a first reflective element layer, a semiconductor crystal layer, a chip inductor layer, and a first metal backplane from top to bottom, and the first reflective element layer is provided with There are multiple radiation patches arranged regularly,

The first reflective element layer, the semiconductor crystal layer, and the first metal backplane constitute a solar cell unit, and the solar cell unit can convert light incident on the first reflective element layer into electrical energy to provide The RIS controller and the control circuit board are powered.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the control circuit board is also provided with a storage battery, which is used to store the electric energy generated by the solar battery unit and provide the RIS controller with the power when the solar battery unit stops working. powered by.

In an embodiment of the present invention, a reflective amplifier and a phase shift circuit are connected to each radiation patch on the first reflective element layer.

In one embodiment of the present invention, each radiation patch on the first reflective element layer is connected to a phase shift circuit, and multiple radiation patches on the first reflective element layer are simultaneously connected to a reflective amplifier.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1. The solid-state hybrid RIS, dynamic hybrid RIS and active RIS of the present invention are all integrated with solar cells, and use solar energy to power the reflective amplifier, so that it can amplify the amplitude of the incident signal, and can also be deployed in remote areas without power supply Regional auxiliary communication, channel estimation, positioning, etc., can also be deployed on walls, viaducts, street lights, etc. in urban areas, getting rid of the dependence on the power system.

2. The present invention greatly improves the performance of the communication network assisted by solid-state hybrid RIS, dynamic hybrid RIS and active RIS, realizes the miniaturization, energy-saving and intelligentization of communication equipment, reduces energy consumption, hardware cost and post-processing Maintenance cost, from the perspective of economics and green sustainability, has greater commercial value, and also established its position in 6G.

3. The reflective element layer of the present invention adopts a transparent conductive oxide or a ring structure, which has high light transmittance, effectively reduces the shielding of the solar cell panel by the radiation patch, and ensures that the solar cell can be completely exposed to light. Minimal impact on solar cell power generation.

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar self-powered solid-state hybrid RIS provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an active reflective element provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first control circuit board in an active reflective element provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive reflective element provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another active reflective element provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar self-powered dynamic hybrid RIS provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a reflective surface main unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

8 is a schematic structural diagram of a control circuit board of a dynamic hybrid RIS provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a working principle of a dynamic hybrid RIS provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another reflective surface main unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar self-powered active RIS provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a reflective surface main unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a control circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another control circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a solar self-powered active RIS provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of another reflective surface main unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to further explain the technical means and effects of the present invention to achieve the intended purpose of the invention, a solar self-powered solid-state hybrid RIS, dynamic hybrid RIS and active RIS proposed according to the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. Describe in detail.

The aforementioned and other technical contents, features and effects of the present invention can be clearly presented in the following detailed description of specific implementations with accompanying drawings. Through the description of specific embodiments, the technical means and effects of the present invention to achieve the intended purpose can be understood more deeply and specifically, but the accompanying drawings are only for reference and description, and are not used to explain the technical aspects of the present invention. program is limited.

It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is a relationship between these entities or operations. There is no such actual relationship or order between them. Furthermore, the terms "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that an article or device comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a" does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the article or device comprising said element.

Embodiment one

Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar self-powered solid-state hybrid RIS provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an active reflective element provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The solid-state hybrid RIS of this embodiment includes a plurality of active reflective elements 101 regularly arranged in the middle, a plurality of passive reflective elements 102 regularly arranged in the periphery, and an RIS controller connected to the active reflective elements 101 and the passive reflective elements 102 respectively. 103 , wherein the RIS controller 103 is used to control the phase and amplitude of the incident signal on the active reflective element 101 , and control the phase of the incident signal on the passive reflective element 102 . The size of the active reflective element 101 and the passive reflective element 102 can be determined according to actual requirements.

The active reflective element 101 includes a solar cell unit, and the solar cell unit can convert light incident on the active reflective element 101 into electrical energy to supply power to the active reflective element 101 and the RIS controller 103 .

The active reflective element 101 of this embodiment includes an active reflective element layer 111, a semiconductor crystal layer 112, a chip inductor layer 113, a first metal backplane 114, and a first control circuit board 115 from top to bottom. The circuit board 115 is connected to the RIS controller 103 ; the active reflective element layer 111 , the semiconductor crystal layer 112 and the first metal back plate 114 form a solar cell unit to supply power to the first control circuit board 115 and the RIS controller 103 . In other words, this implementation provides an integrated structure of solar cells and hybrid RIS, in which passive reflective elements do not need to integrate solar cells, active reflective elements are designed to integrate solar cells, and finally the two are spliced together.

Specifically, the active reflective element layer 111 of the active reflective element 101 is located on the upper surface of the semiconductor crystal layer 2 , and is respectively connected to the decoupling circuit 116 and the first control circuit board 115 through the feeder line 104 . The active reflective element layer 111 is composed of a radiation patch, the radiant patch, the semiconductor crystal layer 112 and the first metal back plate 114 form a solar cell unit, and the radiant patch is not only a reflective element layer but also a solar cell unit. upper electrode. The semiconductor crystal layer 112 serves as a dielectric substrate of the antenna. The first metal back plate 114 is located under the semiconductor crystal layer 112, serves as the substrate of the solar cell panel, and serves as an output electrode of the solar cell. The solar battery units are connected through the chip inductor layer 113 , that is, the chip inductor layer 113 is connected to the bottom of the solar battery unit of each active reflective element 101 . The first control circuit board 115 is respectively connected to the first metal backplane 114 and the RIS controller 103 through wires 105 .

In this embodiment, the reflective element layer of the solid-state hybrid RIS is a uniform array composed of square radiation patches, wherein the passive reflective element layer 121 is a complete square radiation patch, and the active reflective element layer 111 is set The ring-shaped radiating patch on the upper surface of the semiconductor crystal layer 112, or the active reflective element layer 11 is made of a transparent conductive material to form a square patch. The semiconductor crystal layer 112 in this embodiment adopts single crystal silicon, and the solar cell formed by single crystal silicon has high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

It should be noted that the conductive layer (i.e., the semiconductor crystal layer) of the solar cell composed of the active reflective element layer 111, the semiconductor crystal layer 112 and the first metal back plate 114 will generate electromagnetic coupling when radiating electromagnetic waves, which will inevitably affect the solar cell. radiation performance of the chip. To eliminate the coupling effect, a large distance between the patch and the conductive layer is required, which makes the overall reconfigurable smart reflective surface bulkier. In view of this, in this embodiment, a chip inductor layer 113 is provided between the semiconductor crystal layer 112 and the first metal back plate 114, and the chip inductor layer 113 is used to connect the bottom of each solar cell by utilizing the property of the inductor to conduct DC and block AC. The direct current generated by photovoltaic is extracted from the solar cell, and at the same time, the influence of the changing magnetic field generated by the alternating current in the solar cell on the radiation performance of the patch is blocked. The chip inductor layer 113 in this embodiment is specifically to connect multiple inductors in series and integrate them on a patch to form a patch layer. Further, as shown in FIG. 2 , the active reflective element 1 further includes a decoupling circuit 116 connected between the active reflective element layer 111 and the first control circuit board 115 . Specifically, one end of the decoupling circuit 116 is connected to the entire active reflective element layer formed by each radiation patch of the active reflective element, and the other end is connected to the control circuit board of the active reflective element. The decoupling circuit 116 of this embodiment is a DC/RF decoupling circuit, including a capacitor C and an inductor L connected in parallel, wherein one end of the capacitor C is connected to the active reflective element layer 111, and the other end is connected to the first control circuit board 115; One end of L is connected to the active reflective element layer 111 , and the other end is connected to the first control circuit board 115 . The decoupling circuit 116 can reduce the influence of the DC bus on the performance of the antenna, and eliminate the influence of the impedance matching performance.

The RIS controller 103 of this embodiment is an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array, Field Programmable Gate Array) controller. The FPGA controller can set the phase and amplitude of the incident signal of the active reflective element 101 that needs to be adjusted, and set the phase of the incident signal of the passive reflective element 102 that needs to be adjusted according to actual needs. It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the RIS controller 103 may also be other appropriate controllers, which is not limited here.

Further, the solar cell converts light energy into electrical energy and sends it to the storage battery in the control circuit board for storage. Due to the different intensity of sunlight in different time periods, the output voltage of the solar cell is greatly affected by the light, so it must first pass through a voltage stabilizing circuit, and then connect to the control circuit board to store the electric energy in the battery. This ensures that the power supply can stably and continuously supply power to the active reflective element 101, so that it can work normally at night and during the day. That is, in this embodiment, a voltage stabilizing circuit is connected between the first metal backplane 114 and the first control circuit board 115 . It should be noted that the voltage stabilizing circuit in this embodiment may be any suitable circuit capable of stabilizing the electric energy generated by the solar cell.

Further, please refer to FIG. 4 , which is a schematic structural diagram of a passive reflective element provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The passive reflective element 102 of this embodiment includes a passive reflective element layer 121 , a second metal backplane 122 and a second control circuit board 123 from top to bottom. The second control circuit board 123 is connected to the RIS controller 103 . The second control circuit board 123 includes a second phase shift circuit for changing the phase of the incident signal to the passive reflective element 102 under the control of the RIS controller 103 .

The working principle of the hybrid RIS is as follows: First, after the sunlight is irradiated on the single crystal silicon PN junction on the semiconductor crystal layer through the radiation patch (active reflective element layer) on the active reflective element, electron-hole pairs are generated. . Then a strong built-in electric field is generated in the PN junction potential barrier region, and the photogenerated minority carriers on both sides of the PN junction are affected by the field and move in opposite directions. Finally, the photo-generated carriers are collected and stored in the storage battery by the two poles of the solar cell (i.e. the active reflective element layer 111 and the first metal back plate 114 after the voltage stabilization circuit is stabilized), providing the first control circuit board 115 and the first control circuit board 115. The RIS controller 103 supplies power. When an incident signal from the base station 106 is incident on the hybrid reconfigurable smart reflective surface, the RIS controller 103 will send commands specifying the reflection phase and amplitude to the first control circuit board 115, the first control circuit board 115, A control circuit board 115 changes the phase of the incident signal arriving at the active reflective element by adjusting the first phase shift circuit 115, and the amplitude of the incident signal is amplified by the reflective amplifier 152 to generate the beam 107 reflected by the active reflective element; at the same time, the RIS controller 103 will send a command specifying the reflection phase to the second control circuit board 123, and the second control circuit board 123 will change the phase of the incident signal reaching the passive reflective element by adjusting the second phase shift circuit to generate the beam 108 reflected by the passive reflective element , as shown in Figure 1. In addition, a decoupling circuit 116 is connected between the active reflective element layer 111 and the first control circuit board 115, which can reduce the influence of the DC bus on the performance of the antenna and eliminate the influence of impedance matching performance.

Further, please refer to FIG. 5 , which is a schematic structural diagram of another active reflective element provided by an embodiment of the present invention. In another embodiment, the active reflective element 101 sequentially includes an active reflective element layer 111, a glass substrate 117, a thin film solar cell 118, a first metal backplane 114, and a first control circuit board 115 from top to bottom. The control circuit board 115 is connected to the RIS controller 103 ; the thin film solar cell 118 can convert light energy incident on the active reflective element 101 into electrical energy to supply power to the first control circuit board 115 and the RIS controller 103 .

A glass substrate 117 is used to isolate the active reflective element layer 111 from the thin film solar cells 118 . The first metal back plate 114 is located under the thin film solar cell 118 , serves as the substrate of the thin film solar cell 118 , and serves as an output electrode of the thin film solar cell 118 and a ground terminal of the radiation patch. The first control circuit board 115 is connected to the first metal backplane 114 through the wire 104 , and is connected to the RIS controller 103 through the wire 104 .

Specifically, the active reflective element layer 111 is a radiation patch disposed on the upper surface of the glass substrate 117 and made of transparent conductive oxide. Preferably, the transparent conductive oxide is indium tin oxide ITO. Indium tin oxide has high light transmittance, which effectively reduces the shielding of solar panels by radiation patches, ensures that solar panels can be completely exposed to light, and has minimal impact on the power generation of solar cells. The thin film solar cell 118 is composed of ZnO and amorphous silicon a-Si, and includes a first ZnO layer, an amorphous silicon layer and a second ZnO layer in sequence from bottom to top. The first metal backplane 114 is made of metal such as copper or silver.

Further, a voltage stabilizing circuit is connected between the thin film solar cell 118 and the power supply module 1153 to stabilize the electric energy generated by the thin film solar cell 118 and transmit it to the power supply module 1153 . Specifically, the thin-film solar cell 118 converts light energy into electrical energy and delivers it to the storage battery in the first control circuit board 115 for storage. Since the intensity of sunlight in different time periods is different, the output of the thin-film solar cell 118 is The voltage is greatly affected by the light, so it needs to go through a voltage stabilizing circuit first, and then connect to the power supply module 1153 in the first control circuit board 115 to store the electric energy in the battery, which ensures that the power supply can be stable and continuously active The RIS is partially powered, allowing it to function both at night and during the day.

The power supply principle of the hybrid RIS is as follows: First, sunlight shines on the thin-film solar cell 118 through the transparent conductive oxide radiation patch on the active reflective element, and the thin-film solar cell 118 converts the light energy into electrical energy, and passes through the voltage stabilizing circuit The stabilized voltage is stored in the power supply module 1153 to supply power to the first control circuit board 115 and the RIS controller 103 .

Compared with a single passive RIS, the hybrid RIS in this embodiment can amplify the signal amplitude and increase the beamforming gain. Integrating solar cells with active reflective elements solves their power supply problem. In general, the communication equipment is miniaturized, energy-saving, intelligent, low-cost and reduced maintenance cost, which is in line with the goal of green energy-saving, intelligent and controllable 6G communication. This embodiment utilizes the nature of the inductance to communicate with DC and isolate AC, and uses a chip inductor layer to connect the bottom of each solar cell, extracting the DC current generated by photovoltaics from the solar cell, and also blocking the change caused by the alternating current in the solar cell The effect of the magnetic field on the radiation performance of the patch. In addition, in order to reduce the impact of the DC bus on the performance of the antenna, a decoupling circuit is used to eliminate the impact of impedance matching performance.

The active reflective element layer of the active reflective element in this embodiment adopts transparent conductive oxide ITO, which has high light transmittance, effectively reduces the shielding of the solar panel by the radiation patch, and ensures that the solar panel can be completely exposed Under the light, the power generation capacity of the solar cell can be effectively improved. In addition, the solar cell of this embodiment uses an amorphous silicon thin film, and the flexibility of the thin film solar cell simplifies the solar cell panel, thereby reducing the burden on the entire power system.

Embodiment two

On the basis of Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a solar self-powered dynamic hybrid RIS, please refer to FIG. 6 to FIG. 8 , the dynamic hybrid RIS of this embodiment includes a reflective surface main unit 201 and a hybrid RIS controller 202 and a control circuit board 203, wherein the reflective surface main unit 201 includes a plurality of reflective element units, and the control circuit board 203 is integrated with a switching network unit 231, a plurality of active link units 232 and a plurality of passive link units 233 , the hybrid RIS controller 202 is connected to the control circuit board 203, and is used to control the switching network unit 231 to selectively connect any one of the multiple reflection element units to the active link unit 232 or the passive link unit 233, so as to The present reflective element unit forms an active reflective element unit or a passive reflective element unit. It should be noted that the number and ratio of active link units 32 and passive link units 33 integrated on the control circuit board 3 are set according to actual requirements.

The reflective element unit includes a solar cell unit, and the solar cell unit can convert light incident on the reflective element unit into electrical energy to supply power to the hybrid RIS controller 202 and the control circuit board 203 . Specifically, when the reflective element unit is connected to the active link unit 232 through the switching network unit 231 under the control of the hybrid RIS controller 202, the reflective element unit forms an active reflective mode, that is, forms an active reflective element, The hybrid RIS controller 202 is then able to control the phase and amplitude of the incident signal on the active reflective element; when said reflective element unit is connected to the passive link unit 232 through the switching network unit 231 under the control of the hybrid RIS controller 202 , the first reflective element unit forms a passive reflective mode, that is, forms a passive reflective element, and then the hybrid RIS controller 202 can control the phase of the incident signal on the passive reflective element.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7 , the reflective element unit includes a first reflective element layer 211, a semiconductor crystal layer 212, a chip inductor layer 213, and a first metal backplane 214 from top to bottom. A plurality of radiation patches arranged regularly are arranged on the reflective element layer 211; the first reflective element layer 211, the semiconductor crystal layer 212 and the first metal back plate 214 constitute a solar cell, and the solar cell can transmit radiation incident to the first reflective element layer 211 The light is converted into electrical energy to supply power to the hybrid RIS controller 202 and the control circuit board 203 . In this embodiment, the control circuit board 203 is disposed under the reflective surface main unit 201 . Specifically, the first reflective element layer 211 is located on the upper surface of the semiconductor crystal layer 212 , and is respectively connected to the decoupling circuit 204 and the control circuit board 203 through the feeder lines 205 . The first reflective element layer 211 is composed of a radiation patch, the radiation patch, the semiconductor crystal layer 212 and the first metal back plate 214 constitute a solar cell, and the radiation patch is used as the reflective element layer and also as the upper electrode of the solar cell . The semiconductor crystal layer 212 serves as a dielectric substrate of the antenna. The first metal back plate 214 is located under the semiconductor crystal layer 212, serves as the substrate of the solar cell panel, and serves as an output electrode of the solar cell. The solar cells are connected through the chip inductor layer 213 , that is, the chip inductor layer 213 is connected to the bottom of the solar cells of each first reflective element layer 211 . The control circuit board 203 is respectively connected to the first metal backplane 214 and the hybrid RIS controller 202 through wires 207 .

In this embodiment, the first reflective element layer 211 of the dynamic hybrid RIS is a ring-shaped radiation patch arranged on the upper surface of the semiconductor crystal layer 212, or the radiation patch is formed of a transparent conductive material, so as to reduce shading and strengthen the semiconductor crystal. Absorption of sunlight. As shown in FIG. 7 , the first reflective element layer 211 of this embodiment is further connected with a decoupling circuit 204 , and the decoupling circuit 204 is connected between the first reflective element layer 211 and the control circuit board 203 . Specifically, one end of the decoupling circuit 204 is connected to the entire reflective element layer formed by each radiation patch on the first reflective surface, and the other end is connected to the control circuit board.

Further, the switching network unit 231 includes a plurality of selection switches, one end of the selection switch is connected to a first reflective element layer 211, and the other end can be selectively connected to the active link unit under the control of the hybrid RIS controller 202 232 or passive link unit 233, so as to form the current two reflective element units into an active reflective element unit or a passive reflective element unit. In other words, if the current radiating patch on the first reflective element layer 211 is connected to the active link unit 232 through the switching network unit 231, the radiating patch is connected to the semiconductor crystal layer 212 and the chip inductor layer 213 below. Together with the first metal backplane 214, an active reflective element unit is formed; if the current radiation patch on the first reflective element layer 211 is connected to the passive link unit 233 through the switching network unit 231, the radiation patch and The underlying semiconductor crystal layer 212 , the chip inductor layer 213 and the first metal backplane 214 together form a passive reflective element unit.

Further, referring to FIG. 8 , the active link unit 232 of this embodiment includes a first phase shift circuit 2321 , a reflective amplifier 2322 and a power supply module 2323 , wherein the first phase shift circuit 2321 is used for hybrid RIS control Under the control of the controller 202, change the phase of the incident signal reaching the current first reflective element layer 11; the reflective amplifier 2322 is used to change the amplitude of the incident signal reaching the current first reflective element layer 211 under the control of the hybrid RIS controller 202; power supply The module 2323 is used to store the electric energy generated by the solar cell for powering the hybrid RIS controller 202 and the control circuit board 203 . Preferably, the power supply module 2323 is a storage battery or other suitable rechargeable power sources. Further, a voltage stabilizing circuit is also connected between the solar battery and the power supply module 2323 , so as to stabilize the electric energy generated by the solar battery and transmit it to the power supply module 2323 .

The passive link unit 233 of this embodiment includes a second phase shift circuit 2331 for changing the phase of the incident signal reaching the current first reflective element layer 211 under the control of the hybrid RIS controller 202 . When the first reflective element layer 211 is connected to the passive link unit 233 through the switching network unit 231 under the control of the hybrid RIS controller 202, the first reflective element layer 211 forms a passive reflective mode, that is, forms a passive reflective element , then the hybrid RIS controller 203 can control the phase of the incident signal on the passive reflective element.

Specifically, the multiple selection switches in this embodiment are a certain number of radio frequency chains (RF chains), and the function of the switching network unit 231 is to determine the number of active reflective elements in the entire reflective element layer by controlling the opening and closing of the RF chains. and location. Active reflective elements can not only change the phase of the incident signal, but also amplify the amplitude of the incident signal. The rest are all passive reflective elements, which can only change the phase of the incident signal. The switching network unit 231 controls the existence state of the entire reflection element layer through a selection switch, that is, all passive, all active or mixed active/passive.

The working principle of the dynamic hybrid RIS of this embodiment is as follows: First, after sunlight is irradiated on the single crystal silicon PN junction on the semiconductor crystal layer through the radiation patch (first reflective element layer) on the first reflective element layer, Electron-hole pairs are generated. Then a strong built-in electric field is generated in the PN junction potential barrier region, and the photogenerated minority carriers on both sides of the PN junction are affected by the field and move in opposite directions. Finally, the photogenerated carriers are collected and stored in the storage battery by the two poles of the solar cell (ie, the first reflective element layer 211 and the first metal back plate 214 after the voltage stabilization circuit is stabilized). The controller 202 supplies power.

Specifically, when an incident signal from the base station 207 is incident on the dynamic hybrid RIS, the hybrid RIS controller 202 generates a control signal to the switching network unit 231, so that the switching network unit 231 activates the partial reflection element by selecting the connection state of the switch is in an active state, that is, an active reflective element, and the rest of the reflective elements remain in a passive state, that is, a passive reflective element. Subsequently, the hybrid RIS controller 202 will send a command specifying the reflection phase and amplitude to the active link unit 232, and the active link unit 232 changes the phase of the incident signal reaching the active reflection element by adjusting the first phase shift circuit 2321, The amplitude of the incident signal is amplified by the reflective amplifier 2322 to generate the beam 208 reflected by the active reflective element; at the same time, the hybrid RIS controller 202 sends a command specifying the reflection phase to the passive link unit 333, and the passive link unit 233 adjusts the The second phase shift circuit 2331 changes the phase of the incident signal reaching the passive reflective element to generate the beam 209 reflected by the passive reflective element, as shown in FIG. 9 .

Further, as shown in FIG. 10 , in another embodiment, the reflective element unit includes a second reflective element layer 215, a glass substrate 216, a thin-film solar cell 217, and a second metal back plate 218 in order from top to bottom, A plurality of radiation patches arranged regularly are arranged on the second reflective element layer 215 , and the thin film solar cell 217 can convert light energy incident on the second reflective element layer 215 into electrical energy. Specifically, the glass substrate 216 is used to isolate the second reflective element layer 215 from the thin film solar cell 217 . The second metal back plate 218 is located under the thin film solar cell 217, serves as the substrate of the thin film solar cell 217, and serves as an output electrode of the thin film solar cell 217 and a ground terminal of the radiation patch. The control circuit board 203 is connected to the second metal backplane 218 through the wire 206 , and is connected to the hybrid RIS controller 202 through the wire 206 .

The second reflective element layer 215 in this embodiment is a radiation patch disposed on the upper surface of the glass substrate 216 and made of transparent conductive oxide. Preferably, the transparent conductive oxide is indium tin oxide ITO. Indium tin oxide has high light transmittance, which effectively reduces the shielding of solar panels by radiation patches, ensures that solar panels can be completely exposed to light, and has minimal impact on the power generation of solar cells.

Further, the thin-film solar cell 217 of this embodiment is composed of ZnO and amorphous silicon a-Si, and includes a first ZnO layer, an amorphous silicon layer and a second ZnO layer in sequence from bottom to top. It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the thin film solar cell 217 may also be other suitable types of thin film solar cells, which is not limited here. The second metal backplane 218 is made of metal such as copper or silver.

The charging principle of this dynamic hybrid RIS is as follows: First, sunlight irradiates on the thin-film solar cell through the radiation patch made of transparent conductive oxide on the second reflective element layer, and an electromotive force is generated on both sides of the barrier region due to the photovoltaic effect . Photons with energy greater than the forbidden band width generate electron-hole pairs on both sides of the PN junction by intrinsic absorption. Then a strong built-in electric field is generated in the PN junction potential barrier region, and the photogenerated minority carriers on both sides of the PN junction are affected by the field and move in opposite directions. Finally, the photo-generated carriers are collected by the two poles of the solar cell and stored in the storage battery after being regulated by the voltage stabilizing circuit, so as to supply power for the control circuit board 203 and the hybrid RIS controller 202 .

This embodiment is based on the dynamic hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface powered by solar energy, and uses solar energy to solve the power supply problem of the dynamic hybrid RIS with mixed active/passive reflective elements, and alleviates the energy assisted by the dynamic hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface. The energy consumption of the communication network and the dependence on the power system have established the position of the hybrid passive/active RIS in the future 6G.

Embodiment Three

On the basis of the above embodiments, this embodiment provides an active RIS self-powered by solar energy, as shown in Figure 11, Figure 12 and Figure 13, the active RIS of this embodiment includes a reflective surface main unit 301, a RIS The controller 302 and the control circuit board 303, wherein the reflective surface main unit 301 includes multiple reflective element units, the RIS controller 302 is connected to the control circuit board 303, and the control circuit board 303 is integrated with multiple reflective amplifiers 331 and multiple A phase shift circuit 332, the RIS controller 302 can control the reflective amplifier 332 to adjust the amplitude of the incident signal on the first reflective element unit, and adjust the phase of the incident signal on the reflective element unit by controlling the phase shift circuit 333; the reflective element unit The solar battery unit is included in the solar battery unit, and the solar battery unit can convert the light incident on the reflective element unit into electrical energy, so as to supply power to the RIS controller 302 and the control circuit board 303 .

Further, the reflective surface main unit 301 sequentially includes a first reflective element layer 311, a semiconductor crystal layer 312, a chip inductor layer 313, and a first metal back plate 314 from top to bottom, and the first reflective element layer 311 is provided with regularly arranged A plurality of radiation patches to form a plurality of first reflective element units; the RIS controller 302 is connected to the control circuit board 303, and the control circuit board 303 is integrated with a plurality of reflective amplifiers 331 and a plurality of phase shift circuits 332, and the RIS control The device 302 can control the reflective amplifier 332 to adjust the amplitude of the incident signal on the first reflective element unit, and adjust the phase of the incident signal on the first reflective element unit by controlling the phase shift circuit 332; the first reflective element layer 311, the semiconductor crystal The layer 312 and the first metal backplane 314 constitute a solar cell capable of converting light incident on the first reflective element layer 311 into electrical energy to power the reflective amplifier 332 and the RIS controller 302 in real time. In this embodiment, the control circuit board 303 is disposed under the reflective surface main unit 301 .

Specifically, the first reflective element layer 311 is located on the upper surface of the semiconductor crystal layer 312 , and is respectively connected to the decoupling circuit 304 and the control circuit board 303 through feeders 305 . The first reflection element layer 311 is composed of a radiation patch, the radiation patch, the semiconductor crystal layer 312 and the first metal back plate 314 constitute a solar cell, and the radiation patch is not only the reflection element layer but also the upper electrode of the solar cell. The semiconductor crystal layer 312 serves as a dielectric substrate of the antenna. The first metal back plate 314 is located under the semiconductor crystal layer 312, serves as the substrate of the solar cell panel, and serves as an output electrode of the solar cell. The solar cells are connected through the chip inductor layer 313 , that is, the chip inductor layer 313 is connected to the bottom of the solar cells of each first reflective element unit. The control circuit board 303 is respectively connected to the first metal backplane 314 and the hybrid RIS controller 302 through wires 307 .

In this embodiment, the first reflective element layer 311 is a ring-shaped radiation patch arranged on the upper surface of the semiconductor crystal layer 312, or a radiation patch is formed by using a transparent conductive material, so as to reduce shading and enhance the absorption of sunlight by the semiconductor crystal . The first metal backplane 314 is made of copper or silver.

It should be noted that the conductive layer (i.e. the semiconductor crystal layer) of the solar cell composed of the first reflective element layer 311, the semiconductor crystal layer 312 and the first metal back plate 314 will generate electromagnetic coupling when the reflective element layer patch radiates electromagnetic waves. , will inevitably affect the radiation performance of the patch. To eliminate the coupling effect, a large distance between the patch and the conductive layer is required, which makes the overall reconfigurable smart reflective surface bulky. In view of this, in this embodiment, a chip inductor layer 313 is disposed between the semiconductor crystal layer 312 and the first metal backplane 314 . The chip inductor layer 313 in this embodiment is specifically to connect multiple inductors in series and integrate them on a patch to form a patch layer. Further, as shown in FIG. 32 , the first reflective element layer 311 of this embodiment is further connected with a decoupling circuit 304 , and the decoupling circuit 304 is connected between the first reflective element layer 311 and the control circuit board 303 . Specifically, one end of the decoupling circuit 304 is connected to the entire first reflective element layer formed by each radiation patch of the first reflective surface, and the other end is connected to the control circuit board of the first reflective surface.

It should be noted that during the actual working process of the active RIS, the reflective amplifier 331 needs to be powered in real time. When the sunlight is sufficient during the day, the electric energy generated by the solar cell can supply power to the reflective amplifier 331, so that the reflective amplifier 331 The amplifier 331 can adjust the amplitude of the incident signal on the first reflective element unit, and at the same time, the phase shift circuit 332 can adjust the phase of the incident signal on the first reflective element unit. At this time, the first reflective element unit is in active Source reflection mode; when there is no sunlight, the reflective amplifier 331 cannot supply power and stops working, and the phase shift circuit 332 does not need power supply, and can still adjust the phase of the incident signal on the first reflective element unit. At this time, the first reflective element unit A reflective element unit is in passive reflective mode.

In other words, the first reflective element unit in this embodiment can automatically adjust to enter the active reflective mode or the passive reflective mode according to whether it can be powered by solar energy. When solar energy is converted into electrical energy, the reflective amplifier starts to work, and at this time, RIS is in an active state. At night or when the sun is blocked, only the phase shift circuit inside the control circuit board works, and the RIS is in a passive state at this time.

Further, the control circuit board 303 is also provided with a storage battery, which is used to store the electric energy generated by the solar cell and supply power to the RIS controller 302 when the solar cell stops working. The power consumption of the RIS controller is relatively small. A small storage battery is arranged on the control circuit board 303 of this embodiment to supply power to the RIS controller 302 when the solar cell stops working, so as to ensure that the RIS controller 302 is continuously in the working state.

Specifically, when the sunlight is sufficient during the day, the electric energy generated by the solar cell can supply power to the RIS controller 302 in real time, and at the same time charge the storage battery; Power is supplied, and RIS continues to work normally in a passive state.

Further, a voltage stabilizing circuit is connected between the solar cell and the storage battery, so as to stabilize the electric energy generated by the solar cell and transmit it to the storage battery. Specifically, the solar cell converts light energy into electrical energy and sends it to the storage battery in the control circuit board 303 for storage. Since the intensity of sunlight varies in different time periods, the output voltage of the solar cell is too affected by the light. Large, so it needs to go through a voltage stabilizing circuit first, and then connect to the storage battery in the control circuit board 303 to store the electric energy in the storage battery. Work. In addition, the electric energy generated by the solar cell also needs to be regulated by a voltage stabilizing circuit to provide power for the reflective amplifier 332 and the RIS controller 302 .

Please refer to FIG. 13 . FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a control circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, each first reflective element unit on the first reflective element layer 311 is connected with a reflective amplifier 331 and a phase shift circuit 332 . For the first structure, the power of each first reflective element unit can be reasonably allocated according to the amount of energy converted from solar energy in real time and through corresponding algorithm optimization.

Further, please refer to FIG. 14 , which is a schematic structural diagram of another control circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention. In another embodiment, each first reflective element unit on the first reflective element layer 311 is connected to a phase shift circuit 332, and multiple first reflective element units on the first reflective element layer 311 are simultaneously connected to a reflective type amplifier 331. For the second structure, the working principle is the same as that of the above first structure, except that when the algorithm is optimized, the power of each block (each block includes a plurality of first reflective element units) is reasonably allocated. Compared with the first structure, the second structure can reduce the use of reflective amplifiers and save hardware costs.

The working principle of the dynamic hybrid reconfigurable smart reflective surface of this embodiment is as follows: first, when the sunlight is sufficient, sunlight shines on the semiconductor crystal layer through the radiation patch (first reflective element layer) on the first reflective surface After the monocrystalline silicon PN junction is formed, electron-hole pairs are generated. Then a strong built-in electric field is generated in the PN junction barrier region, and the photogenerated carriers on both sides of the PN junction are affected by the field and move in opposite directions. Finally, the photogenerated carriers are collected by the two poles of the solar cell (i.e., the first reflective element layer 311 and the first metal back plate 314) and supply power to the control circuit board 303 and the hybrid RIS controller 302 in real time after the voltage stabilization circuit performs voltage stabilization. . Specifically, when an incident signal from the base station 307 is incident on the active reconfigurable smart reflective surface, the RIS controller 302 sends a command specifying the reflection phase and amplitude to the phase shift circuit 332 and the reflective amplifier 331, and the phase The shift circuit 332 changes the phase of the incident signal reaching the active reflective element, and the reflective amplifier 331 amplifies the amplitude of the incident signal to generate a beam 308 reflected by the active reflective element, as shown in FIG. 15 .

Further, when there is no sunlight, the reflective amplifier 331 cannot supply power and stops working, and the phase shift circuit 332 does not need power supply, and can still adjust the phase of the incident signal on the first reflective element unit. At this time, the first The reflective element unit is in passive reflective mode. At this time, when an incident signal from the base station 307 is incident on the active reconfigurable smart reflective surface, the RIS controller 302 sends a specified reflection phase command to the phase shift circuit 332, and the phase shift circuit 332 changes the signal reaching the reflective element. The phase of the incident signal that produces the beam reflected by the passive reflective element.

In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16, the reflective element unit includes a second reflective element layer 315, a glass substrate 316, a thin-film solar cell 317, and a second metal back plate 318 from top to bottom. The element layer 315 is provided with a plurality of radiation patches regularly arranged, and the thin-film solar cell 317 can convert light energy incident on the second reflective element layer 315 into electrical energy, so as to supply power to the RIS controller 302 and the control circuit board 303 in real time. In this embodiment, the control circuit board 303 is disposed under the reflective surface main unit 301 .

Specifically, the glass substrate 316 is used to isolate the second reflective element layer 315 from the thin film solar cell 317 . The second metal back plate 318 is located under the thin film solar cell 317, serves as the substrate of the thin film solar cell 317, and serves as an output electrode of the thin film solar cell 317 and a ground terminal of the radiation patch. The control circuit board 303 is connected to the second metal backplane 318 through the wire 306 , and is connected to the hybrid RIS controller 302 through the wire 306 .

The second reflective element layer 315 in this embodiment is a radiation patch disposed on the upper surface of the glass substrate 316 and made of transparent conductive oxide. The thin-film solar cell 317 in this embodiment is composed of ZnO and amorphous silicon a-Si, and includes a first ZnO layer, an amorphous silicon layer and a second ZnO layer from top to bottom. It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the thin film solar cell 317 may also be other suitable types of thin film solar cells, which is not limited here.

This embodiment proposes an active RIS integrated with solar cells, using solar energy to realize a green RIS, which can effectively solve the power supply problem of the active RIS, reduce the energy consumption of the communication network assisted by it and the dependence on the power system, and further It has established the position of active RIS in the future 6G.

The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be assumed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, some simple deduction or replacement can be made, which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

A solar self-powered solid-state hybrid RIS is characterized in that it includes a plurality of active reflective elements (101) regularly arranged in the middle, a plurality of passive reflective elements (102) regularly arranged in the periphery, and connecting the active reflection elements (102) respectively. A reflective element (101) and a RIS controller (103) of said passive reflective element (102), wherein,

The RIS controller (103) is used to control the phase and amplitude of the incident signal on the active reflective element (101), and to control the phase of the incident signal on the passive reflective element (102);

The active reflective element (101) includes a solar cell unit, and the solar cell unit can convert the light incident on the active reflective element (101) into electrical energy to supply the active reflective element (101 ) and the RIS controller (103) supply power.
The solar self-powered solid-state hybrid RIS according to claim 1, characterized in that, the active reflective element (101) sequentially comprises an active reflective element layer (111), a semiconductor crystal layer (112), A patch inductor layer (113), a first metal backplane (114) and a first control circuit board (115), the first control circuit board (115) is connected to the RIS controller (103);

The active reflective element layer (111), the semiconductor crystal layer (112) and the first metal back plate (114) constitute the solar battery unit to provide the first control circuit board (115) and The RIS controller (103) supplies power.
The solar self-powered solid-state hybrid RIS according to claim 2, characterized in that a voltage stabilizing circuit is connected between the first metal back plate (114) and the first control circuit board (115).
The solar self-powered solid-state hybrid RIS according to claim 2, characterized in that, the active reflection element (101) also includes a decoupling circuit (116), and the decoupling circuit (116) is connected to the active between the source reflection element layer (111) and the first control circuit board (115).
The solar self-powered solid-state hybrid RIS according to claim 1, characterized in that, the active reflective element (101) sequentially comprises an active reflective element layer (111), a glass substrate (117), and a thin film from top to bottom. a solar cell (118), a first metal back plate (114), and a first control circuit board (115), the first control circuit board (115) being connected to the RIS controller (103);

The thin-film solar cell (118) constitutes the solar cell unit, and can convert the light energy incident on the active reflective element (101) into electrical energy to supply to the first control circuit board (115) and the The RIS controller (103) supplies power.
The solar self-powered solid-state hybrid RIS according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, the first control circuit board (115) includes a first phase shift circuit (1151), a reflective amplifier (1152 ), power supply module (1153), wherein,

said phase shifting circuit (1151) for changing the phase of an incident signal to said active reflective element (101) under the control of said RIS controller (103);

said reflective amplifier (1152) for varying the amplitude of the incident signal to said active reflective element (101) under the control of said RIS controller (103);

The power supply module (1153) is used for storing the electric energy generated by the solar battery unit and supplying power to the first control circuit board (115) and the RIS controller (103).
The solar self-powered solid-state hybrid RIS according to claim 1, characterized in that, the passive reflective element (102) sequentially comprises a passive reflective element layer (121), a second metal back plate (122) from top to bottom ) and a second control circuit board (123), the second control circuit board (123) is connected to the RIS controller (103).
The solar self-powered solid-state hybrid RIS according to claim 7, characterized in that, the second control circuit board (123) includes a second phase shift circuit, and the second phase shift circuit is used to control the The phase of the incident signal to said passive reflective element (102) is varied under the control of a reflector (103).
A solar self-powered dynamic hybrid RIS is characterized in that it includes a reflective surface main unit (201), a hybrid RIS controller (202) and a control circuit board (203), wherein,

The reflective surface main unit (201) includes a plurality of reflective element units, and the control circuit board (203) is integrated with a switching network unit (231), a plurality of active link units (232) and a plurality of passive a link unit (233), the hybrid RIS controller (202) is connected to the control circuit board (203), and is used to control the switching network unit (231) to select any one of the plurality of reflection element units Reactively connected to the active link unit (232) or the passive link unit (233), so as to form the current reflective element unit into an active reflective element unit or a passive reflective element unit,

The reflective element unit includes a solar cell unit, and the solar cell unit can convert the light incident on the reflective element unit into electrical energy to provide the hybrid RIS controller (202) and the control circuit board (203 )powered by.
The dynamic hybrid RIS self-powered by solar energy according to claim 9, characterized in that, the reflective element unit sequentially comprises a first reflective element layer (211), a semiconductor crystal layer (212), and a chip inductor layer from top to bottom (213) and a first metal backplane (214), the first reflective element layer (211) is provided with a plurality of radiation patches regularly arranged;

The first reflective element layer (211), the semiconductor crystal layer (212) and the first metal back plate (214) constitute the solar cell unit to provide the hybrid RIS controller (202) and the The control circuit board (203) is powered.
The dynamic hybrid RIS self-powered by solar energy according to claim 9, characterized in that, the reflective element unit sequentially comprises a second reflective element layer (215), a glass substrate (216), and a thin film solar cell (217) from top to bottom. ) and a second metal back plate (218), the second reflective element layer (215) is provided with a plurality of radiation patches regularly arranged, and the thin film solar cell (217) constitutes the solar cell unit, which can Light energy incident on the second reflective element layer (215) is converted into electrical energy.
The dynamic hybrid RIS self-powered by solar energy according to claim 9, characterized in that, the switching network unit (231) includes a plurality of selection switches, one end of the selection switch is connected to one of the reflective element units, and the other One end can be selectively connected to the active link unit (232) or the passive link unit (233) under the control of the hybrid RIS controller (202) to dynamically switch the current reflective element unit It is an active reflective element unit or a passive reflective element unit.
An active RIS self-powered by solar energy, characterized in that it includes a reflective surface main unit (301), an RIS controller (302) and a control circuit board (303), wherein,

The reflective surface main unit (301) includes multiple reflective element units, the RIS controller (302) is connected to the control circuit board (303), and multiple reflective elements are integrated on the control circuit board (303). amplifier (331) and a plurality of phase shift circuits (332), the RIS controller (302) can control the reflective amplifier (332) to adjust the amplitude of the incident signal on the first reflective element unit, and through controlling the phase shift circuit (333) to adjust the phase of the incident signal on the reflective element unit;

The reflective element unit includes a solar cell unit, and the solar cell unit is capable of converting light incident on the reflective element unit into electrical energy for supplying to the RIS controller (302) and the control circuit board (303) powered by.
The solar self-powered active RIS according to claim 13, characterized in that, the reflective element unit sequentially comprises a first reflective element layer (311), a semiconductor crystal layer (312), and a chip inductor layer from top to bottom. (313) and a first metal backplane (314), the first reflective element layer (311) is provided with a plurality of radiation patches regularly arranged,

The first reflective element layer (311), the semiconductor crystal layer (312) and the first metal back plate (314) constitute the solar cell unit, and the solar cell unit can reflect the incident light on the first The light of the reflective element layer (311) is converted into electrical energy to supply power to the RIS controller (302) and the control circuit board (303).
The solar self-powered active RIS according to claim 13, characterized in that, the reflective element unit sequentially comprises a second reflective element layer (315), a glass substrate (316), and a thin film solar cell (317) from top to bottom. ) and a second metal back plate (318), the second reflective element layer (315) is provided with a plurality of radiation patches regularly arranged, and the thin film solar cell (317) constitutes the solar cell unit, which can Light energy incident on the second reflective element layer (315) is converted into electrical energy.
The solar self-powered active RIS according to claim 13, characterized in that, the control circuit board (303) is also provided with a storage battery, the storage battery is used to store the electric energy generated by the solar battery unit and When the solar battery unit stops working, it supplies power to the RIS controller (303).
The solar self-powered active RIS according to claim 13, characterized in that, each radiation patch on the first reflective element layer (311) is connected with a reflective amplifier (331) and a phase shift circuit (332).
The solar self-powered active RIS according to claim 13, characterized in that, each radiation patch on the first reflective element layer (311) is connected with a phase shift circuit (332), and the first Multiple radiating patches on the reflective element layer (311) are simultaneously connected to a reflective amplifier (331).