WO2023024431A1 - 一种增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机 - Google Patents

一种增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023024431A1
WO2023024431A1 PCT/CN2022/073076 CN2022073076W WO2023024431A1 WO 2023024431 A1 WO2023024431 A1 WO 2023024431A1 CN 2022073076 W CN2022073076 W CN 2022073076W WO 2023024431 A1 WO2023024431 A1 WO 2023024431A1
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plate
vibration
friction
frequency
current energy
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PCT/CN2022/073076
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English (en)
French (fr)
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庞洪臣
杨芳
潘新祥
于海华
黄喜利
魏斌
孙梓斌
凌子云
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广东海洋大学
昌乐县投资合作促进中心
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Priority to ZA2023/01537A priority Critical patent/ZA202301537B/en
Publication of WO2023024431A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023024431A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of ocean energy power generation, in particular to a frequency-increased micro-vibration ocean current energy friction nanometer generator.
  • the ocean contains a large amount of renewable energy, and the development and utilization of ocean energy has attracted extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad.
  • ocean current energy has the advantages of high energy density and wide distribution range.
  • the utilization of ocean current energy mainly adopts underwater turbines.
  • Underwater turbines can only work at a flow velocity of 2.5-3.6m/s or even higher, and the flow velocity of a large number of ocean currents in the world is lower than 1.5m/s, so the application conditions of underwater turbines are limited by the flow velocity.
  • Triboelectric nanopower generation technology is an emerging power generation technology in recent years, which can efficiently convert ocean current energy into electrical energy, and has important practical application significance.
  • Nano triboelectric power generation devices all utilize the heave motion in ocean waves.
  • Existing nano triboelectric power generation devices usually include a housing, a spring and a mass body.
  • the housing is a closed shell with a hollow interior.
  • the mass body is connected to the inner wall of the housing through a spring.
  • the outer wall of the mass body and the inner wall of the housing are provided with Nano triboelectric film.
  • Chinese invention patent application CN110677070A discloses a column-type multi-point nano-friction microwave power generation device, including a hollow cylindrical buoy, a solid cylinder and a friction generator set.
  • the solid cylinder is located on the cylindrical buoy.
  • the center position of the friction generator set has at least four groups and is equally spaced in the gap between the cylindrical buoy and the solid cylinder.
  • the friction generator set includes a box body, a cover plate arranged on the upper end of the box body, and a cover plate
  • the vertical spring fixed to the lower end surface and the mass body fixed to the vertical spring are respectively provided with thin plates on the outer surface of the mass body and the inner surface of the box, and each thin plate is provided with a group of nano-triboelectric generators. machine film.
  • This patent drives the cylindrical buoy to move up and down by waves, so that the internal mass body moves up and down to generate friction with the inner wall of the box to generate electricity. Therefore, this patent can only use the heave motion of waves. As for the ocean current energy, the ocean current will also have an impact on the power generation device, and the power generation device of this patent cannot utilize this type of energy.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a frequency-increased micro-vibration ocean current energy friction nanogenerator that improves the utilization rate of ocean current energy.
  • the present invention provides a frequency-increased micro-vibration sea current energy triboelectric nanogenerator, which includes a housing, a power management system and at least one generating set, the power management system is connected to the housing, and the Both ends of the casing have a water inlet and a water outlet communicating with the inside, the power generation set is located in the casing, the power generation set includes a support cylinder, a first elastic member and at least one power generation unit, and the support cylinder passes through the The first elastic member is connected to the inner wall of the housing, the power generation unit is located in the support tube, the power generation unit includes a folding plate and a second elastic member, and one end of the folding plate is connected to the support tube On the inner wall of the inner wall, the other end is connected to the inner wall of the support cylinder through the second elastic member.
  • the folding plate includes a plurality of plates, and the plurality of plates are connected end to end to form a structure that can be folded or unfolded.
  • a first friction sheet and a second friction sheet are respectively provided on the side surfaces of the two adjacent plates that are in contact when they are superimposed, and a dielectric film is provided on the second friction sheet, and the second friction sheet and the second friction sheet are electrical connection to the power management system described above.
  • the water inlet and the water outlet are arranged at both axial ends of the housing, and the axial ends of the support cylinder are respectively connected to the housing through a first elastic member,
  • the axial direction of the supporting cylinder is perpendicular to the axial direction of the housing, and the folding plate and the second elastic member are arranged along the diameter direction of the supporting cylinder.
  • the shroud has a bell mouth structure, and the end of the shroud with a smaller diameter is connected to the water inlet.
  • the overflow plate is installed at the water inlet, and the overflow holes on both sides of the overflow plate pass through the overflow plate.
  • the end of the housing where the water outlet is disposed is provided with a guide vane.
  • the base is hollow inside
  • the power management system is arranged in the base
  • the housing is rotatably connected to the base through the connecting shaft
  • the connecting axis is perpendicular to the straight line where the water inlet and the water outlet are located.
  • the housing, the support cylinder and the base are all coated with a graphene anti-corrosion material layer.
  • the first friction sheet is aluminum foil
  • the second friction sheet is copper foil
  • the dielectric film is a PTFE diaphragm.
  • the side of the first friction sheet facing away from the plate body connected to it and the side of the second friction sheet connected to the dielectric film are provided with nanometer to micrometer-scale raised microscopic particles. structure.
  • the water inlet and the water outlet are arranged on the casing, so that seawater can flow into and out of the casing, and when the sea current flows, it will flow through the supporting cylinder of the power generation unit connected inside the casing.
  • the object When the object is detected, vortices that are separated from the surface of the structure will be alternately generated on both sides of the object. Therefore, when the ocean current flows through the support cylinder, the two sides of the support cylinder will alternately generate vortices that are separated from the surface, and the alternately released vortices will be released again.
  • a pulsating pressure that changes periodically along the flow direction and across the flow direction is generated on the support cylinder, and the support cylinder is connected to the shell through the first elastic member, so that the support cylinder is elastically supported, and the pulsating fluid force will cause the periodic vibration of the support cylinder, resulting in Vortex-induced vibration phenomenon.
  • the vibration of the support cylinder will make the second elastic member and the folding plate in it stretch and contract, so that the first friction plate and the dielectric film on the folding plate will periodically contact and separate, because the first friction plate, the dielectric film
  • the two materials have different electrode sequences, so when there is relative contact and separation, the surfaces of the two will be charged with different charges, which will induce positive charges on the surface of the second friction plate and generate a potential difference, thereby driving the flow of electrons in the An electrical output is generated in the output circuit.
  • the present invention can also utilize the heave motion of waves to generate vibration. Therefore, in addition to using waves to generate vibrations, the present invention can also use the flow of ocean currents to generate vibrations, realize frequency increase, improve the utilization rate of ocean current energy, and realize effective collection of ocean current energy.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a frequency-increased micro-vibration ocean current energy friction nanogenerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the support cylinder according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a folded board according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a working diagram of the power generation unit of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a circuit connection diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.
  • a frequency-increased micro-vibration ocean current energy friction nanogenerator in a preferred embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention includes a housing 1, a power management system 2 and at least one power generation group, the power management system 2 and The casing 1 is connected, and the two ends of the casing 1 have a water inlet 101 and a water outlet 102 communicating with the inside, and the power generation set is located in the casing 1, and the power generation set includes a support cylinder 3, a first elastic member 4 and at least one power generation unit , the support tube 3 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 1 through the first elastic member 4, and the power generation unit includes a folded plate 5 and a second elastic member 6, one end of the folded plate 5 is connected to the inner wall of the support tube 3, and the other end is passed through the second The elastic member 6 is connected to the inner wall of the support cylinder 3, and the folding plate 5 includes a plurality of plates connected end to end to form a structure that can be folded or unfolded.
  • a first friction plate 7 and a second friction plate 8 are respectively provided on it, and a dielectric film 9 is provided on the second friction plate 8 , and the second friction plate 8 is electrically connected with the power management system 2 .
  • the seawater can flow into and out of the housing 1, and will flow through the supporting cylinder 3 of the generating set connected inside the housing 1 when the sea current flows.
  • the supporting cylinder 3 of the generating set connected inside the housing 1 when the sea current flows.
  • the vortex and the alternating vortex will generate pulsating pressure on the support cylinder 3 that changes periodically in the direction of flow and in the cross flow direction, and the support cylinder 3 is connected to the shell 1 through the first elastic member 4, so that the support cylinder 3 is elastically supported , the pulsating fluid force will cause the periodic vibration of the support cylinder 3, resulting in the phenomenon of vortex induced vibration.
  • the vibration of the support cylinder 3 will make the second elastic member 6 and the folding plate 5 in it stretch and contract, so that the first friction sheet 7 and the dielectric film 8 on the folding plate 5 will periodically contact and separate.
  • the two materials of the friction plate 7 and the dielectric film 8 have different electrode sequences, so when the relative contact and separation occur, the surfaces of the two will be respectively charged with different charges, so that the surface of the second friction plate 8 will be positively charged. A potential difference is created, which drives the flow of electrons to produce an electrical output in the output circuit.
  • this embodiment can also utilize the heave motion of waves to generate vibration. Therefore, in this embodiment, in addition to using waves to generate vibrations, the flow of ocean currents can also be used to generate vibrations to achieve frequency increase, that is, the ways to generate vibrations are increased, the utilization rate of ocean current energy is improved, and effective collection of ocean current energy is realized.
  • Vortex-induced vibration is a common fluid-structure interaction phenomenon. Under the action of water flow, the bluff structure will periodically generate vortex shedding on both sides, thus forming a periodic external force on the structure and causing structural vibration. Under the action of ocean currents, the support cylinder 3 can generate a large amplitude, and most of the kinetic energy of the fluid is absorbed by the elastically supported support cylinder 3, forming a stable periodic oscillation motion.
  • the first friction sheet 7 and the dielectric film 9 fixed on the surface of the folding plate 5 will periodically contact and separate. Since the first friction sheet 7 and the dielectric film 9 have different electrode sequences, they will be separated in relative contact.
  • the surfaces of the two will be respectively charged with different charges, specifically the first friction sheet 7 is positively charged, and the dielectric film 9 is negatively charged. At this time, positive electricity is induced on the surface of the second friction plate 8 , thus generating a potential difference. The flow of electrons is thereby driven to produce an electrical output in the output circuit. Conductive circuits are led out from the back of the second friction plate 8 and connected to the power management system 2 through wires. Under the action of continuous sea current, the power generation unit can continuously output current, and the power management system 2 collects the generated current and stores the electricity in its battery.
  • the contact and separation of the first friction sheet 7 and the dielectric film 9 are realized by folding and unfolding the folded plates 5, and the relative movement of the nano-friction sheet on the outer wall of the mass body and the nano-friction sheet on the inner wall of the cylinder is used to generate electricity , the folding plate 5 has a high movement frequency, which can increase the power generation capacity of the device and ensure continuous power generation.
  • the water inlet 101 and the water outlet 102 of this embodiment are arranged at the two ends of the axial direction of the shell 1, and the two ends of the axial direction of the support cylinder 3 are respectively connected with the shell 1 through a first elastic member 4, and the axial direction of the support cylinder 3 Perpendicular to the axial direction of the shell 1, the folding plate 5 and the second elastic member 6 are arranged along the diameter direction of the support cylinder 3, which can simultaneously utilize the ocean current flow and the heave motion of the wave to further improve the utilization rate of ocean current energy and improve power generation. efficiency.
  • the support cylinder 3 is connected through the two first elastic members 4, which can increase the vortex-induced vibration.
  • Both the first elastic member 4 and the second elastic member 6 in this embodiment are springs.
  • the folding plate 5 is made of an elastic sheet, so that the folding plate 5 can be extended and shortened with the second elastic member 6 when the support cylinder 3 vibrates. It should be noted that the folding plate 5 can also be rotatably connected to adjacent plate bodies to realize folding and unfolding.
  • the support tube 3 is a cylinder with closed ends and a hollow interior, which can prevent seawater from entering the support tube 3 .
  • the support cylinder 3 in this embodiment is a flexible cylinder capable of elastic deformation, which further increases the vortex-induced vibration.
  • the generator of this embodiment also includes a wind deflector 10, the wind deflector 10 is a trumpet structure, and the end of the wind deflector 10 with a smaller diameter is connected to the water inlet 101, which is beneficial to collect sea currents into the housing 1 , increasing the fluid velocity flowing through the support cylinder 3 .
  • the generator of this embodiment also includes a flow plate 11, which is installed at the water inlet 101, and the flow holes 101 on both sides of the flow plate 11 pass through the flow plate 11, so that the sea current is divided into multiple streams and enters the shell.
  • the flow holes 1101 in this embodiment are rectangular holes.
  • the end of the housing 1 provided with the water outlet 102 in this embodiment is provided with a guide vane 12, so that when the housing 1 is placed in the ocean current, the direction of the water inlet 101 and the water outlet 102 of the housing 1 is the same as the direction of the ocean current. , the direction of the casing 1 can be adjusted according to the direction of the ocean current, so as to realize upstream power generation.
  • the guide vane 12 in this embodiment is streamlined.
  • the generator also includes a base 13 and a connecting shaft 14, the base 13 is hollow inside, the power management system 2 is arranged in the base 13, and the housing 1 is rotatably connected to the base 13 through the connecting shaft 14 , the connecting axis 14 is perpendicular to the straight line where the water inlet 101 and the water outlet 102 are located.
  • the base 13 can play a positioning role to prevent the generator from drifting with the sea current.
  • the housing 1 is rotatably connected with the base 13 through the connecting shaft 14, so that the housing 1 can rotate with the sea current to realize head-on flow.
  • the power management system 2 includes a rectifier, a booster and a battery, the input end of the rectifier is connected to the output end of the power generation unit, the input side of the booster is connected to the output end of the rectifier, and the output side of the booster is connected to the output end of the rectifier. battery connection.
  • the power management system 2 rectifies each power generation unit individually, then connects them in parallel to integrate the output, and stores electricity in the battery.
  • the casing 1, the support cylinder 3 and the base 13 of this embodiment are all coated with a layer of graphene anti-corrosion material, which can reduce the corrosion of the device by seawater.
  • the first friction sheet 7 in this embodiment is aluminum foil
  • the second friction sheet 8 is copper foil
  • the dielectric film 9 is a PTFE diaphragm.
  • the shape and area of the first friction sheet 7 and the dielectric film 9 are the same, so that when the folded plates 5 are stacked, the friction surfaces of the first friction sheet 7 and the dielectric film 9 can completely overlap for an instant.
  • the surface of the dielectric film 9 facing away from the second friction plate 8 is also provided with a microstructure of nanometer to micrometer scale protrusions.
  • the surfaces of the first friction plate 7 , the second friction plate 8 and the dielectric film 9 may be partially or entirely distributed with microstructures.
  • the microstructures are preferably nanowires, nanotubes, nanorods, nanoparticles, nanogrooves, microgrooves, nanocones or nanospheres, as well as arrays formed by the aforementioned structures, in particular nanowires, nanotubes or nanorods nanoarrays.
  • Microstructures can be arrays in the shape of lines, cubes, or quadrangular pyramids prepared by photolithography, plasma etching, etc., and the size of each unit in the array is on the order of microns to nanometers. It should be noted that the unit size and shape of the specific microstructure should not limit the scope of the present invention as long as it does not affect the mechanical strength of the power generating material.
  • the working process of the present invention is as follows: place the generator in sea water as a whole, the sea water flows, the sea current enters the casing 1 through the flow guide 10 and the flow hole 1101 on the flow plate 11 in turn, and the sea current flows through the first elastic
  • the support tube 3 elastically supported by the part 4 flows out from the water outlet 102, causing the support tube 3 to generate vortex-induced vibration, and then drives the second elastic part 6 and the folding plate 5 of the support tube 3 to expand and contract, forming a periodic oscillating motion,
  • the first friction plate 7 and the dielectric film 9 on the folded plate 5 then periodically contact and separate, so that the second friction plate 8 is induced to generate electricity;
  • Under the action of the wings 12, the water inlet 101 is located in front of the water outlet 102 in the flow direction of the ocean current, so that the water inlet 101 is always facing the current to generate electricity.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a frequency-increased micro-vibration ocean current energy friction nanogenerator, which allows seawater to flow in and out of the shell 1 by providing a water inlet 101 and a water outlet 102 in the shell 1, and when the ocean current flows It will flow through the supporting cylinder 3 of the generating set connected inside the housing 1.
  • a frequency-increased micro-vibration ocean current energy friction nanogenerator which allows seawater to flow in and out of the shell 1 by providing a water inlet 101 and a water outlet 102 in the shell 1, and when the ocean current flows It will flow through the supporting cylinder 3 of the generating set connected inside the housing 1.
  • vortices will be alternately generated on both sides of the object and separated from the surface of the structure.
  • the two sides of the support tube 3 When passing through the support tube 3, the two sides of the support tube 3 alternately generate vortices that break away from its surface, and the alternately released vortices will generate pulsating pressure on the support tube 3 that changes periodically along the flow direction and the cross flow direction, while the support tube 3
  • the supporting cylinder 3 is elastically supported by connecting the first elastic member 4 with the housing 1, and the pulsating fluid force will cause the periodic vibration of the supporting cylinder 3, resulting in vortex-induced vibration.
  • the vibration of the support cylinder 3 will make the second elastic member 6 and the folding plate 5 in it stretch and contract, so that the first friction sheet 7 and the dielectric film 8 on the folding plate 5 will periodically contact and separate.
  • the two materials of the friction plate 7 and the dielectric film 8 have different electrode sequences, so when the relative contact and separation occur, the surfaces of the two will be respectively charged with different charges, so that the surface of the second friction plate 8 will be positively charged. A potential difference is created, which drives the flow of electrons to produce an electrical output in the output circuit.
  • this embodiment can also utilize the heave motion of waves to generate vibration. Therefore, in this embodiment, in addition to using waves to generate vibrations, the flow of ocean currents can also be used to generate vibrations to achieve frequency increase, improve the utilization rate of ocean current energy, and realize effective collection of ocean current energy.

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Abstract

一种增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机，包括壳体（1）、电源管理系统（2）和至少一个发电组，壳体（1）具有进水口（101）和出水口（102），发电组包括支撑筒（3）、第一弹性件（4）和至少一个发电单元，支撑筒（3）通过第一弹性件（4）与壳体（1）的内壁连接，发电单元包括折叠板（5）和第二弹性件（6），折叠板（5）的一端连接在支撑筒（3）的内壁上、另一端通过第二弹性件（6）与支撑筒（3）的内壁连接，折叠板（5）由多个板体首尾相连形成可叠合或展开的结构，相邻的两个板体在叠合时相接触的侧面上分别设有第一摩擦片（7）和第二摩擦片（8），第二摩擦片（8）上设有介电薄膜（9），第二摩擦片（8）与电源管理系统（2）电连接。

Description

一种增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机 技术领域
本发明涉及海洋能发电技术领域，特别是涉及一种增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机。
背景技术
海洋中蕴含着大量的可再生能源，开发和利用海洋能源已受到国内外学者的广泛关注。作为可再生能源之一的海流能具有能量密度高、分布范围广等优势。目前对海流能的利用主要采用水下涡轮机。水下涡轮机在2.5-3.6m/s甚至更高的流速下才可工作，而全世界大量的海流其流速都低于1.5m/s，因此水下涡轮机的应用条件受到水流速度的限制。摩擦纳米发电技术是近年来新兴的一种发电技术，其可高效地将海流能转换成电能，具有重要的实际应用意义。
目前的纳米摩擦发电装置都是利用海浪中的垂荡运动。现有的纳米摩擦发电装置通常包括壳体、弹簧和质量体，壳体是内部中空的封闭壳体，质量体通过弹簧与壳体的内壁连接，质量体的外壁和壳体的内壁上设有纳米摩擦发电薄膜。将壳体置于海中时，壳体随波浪的垂荡上下移动，进而使内部的质量体上下移动，质量体外壁上的纳米摩擦发电薄膜和壳体内壁上的纳米摩擦发电薄膜产生相对运动，进行摩擦而生电。该种纳米摩擦发电单元只能利用波浪的垂荡运动，使海流能利用率较低。
中国发明专利申请CN110677070A(公开日为2020年01月10日)公开了一种柱式多点纳米摩擦微波发电装置，包括中空的圆柱浮筒、实心圆柱和摩擦发电机组，所述实心圆柱位于圆柱浮筒的中心位置，所述摩擦发电机组至少有四组且等间距设置在圆柱浮筒和实心圆柱之间的空隙中，所述摩擦发电机组包括箱体、设置在箱体上端的盖板、与盖板下端面固连的竖直方向的弹簧、与竖直方向弹簧固连的质量体，在质量体的外表面和箱体的内表面分别设置有薄板片，每个薄板片上设置有一组纳米摩擦发电机薄膜。该专利是通过波浪带动圆柱浮筒上下移动，使内部的质量体上下移动 来与箱体的内壁产生摩擦进行发电的，因此，该专利仅能利用波浪的垂荡运动。而对于海流能来说，海流还会对发电装置产生冲击，该专利的发电装置不能利用该类能量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种提高海流能利用率的增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机，包括壳体、电源管理系统和至少一个发电组，所述电源管理系统与所述壳体相连接，所述壳体的两端具有与其内部相通的进水口和出水口，所述发电组位于所述壳体内，所述发电组包括支撑筒、第一弹性件和至少一个发电单元，所述支撑筒通过所述第一弹性件与所述壳体的内壁连接，所述发电单元位于所述支撑筒内，所述发电单元包括折叠板和第二弹性件，所述折叠板的一端连接在所述支撑筒的内壁上、另一端通过所述第二弹性件与所述支撑筒的内壁连接，所述折叠板包括多个板体，多个所述板体首尾相连形成可叠合或展开的结构，相邻的两个所述板体在叠合时相接触的侧面上分别设有第一摩擦片和第二摩擦片，所述第二摩擦片上设有介电薄膜，所述第二摩擦片与所述电源管理系统电连接。
作为优选方案，所述进水口和所述出水口设于所述壳体轴向的两端，所述支撑筒轴向的两端分别通过一个所述第一弹性件与所述壳体连接，所述支撑筒的轴向与所述壳体的轴向相垂直，所述折叠板和所述第二弹性件沿支撑筒的直径方向设置。
作为优选方案，还包括导流罩，所述导流罩为喇叭口结构，所述导流罩的直径较小的一端与所述进水口相连。
作为优选方案，还包括过流板，所述过流板安装于所述进水口处，所述过流板上贯穿其两侧的过流孔。
作为优选方案，所述壳体设置所述出水口的一端设有导流翼。
作为优选方案，还包括基座和连接轴，所述基座内部中空，所述电源管理系统设于所述基座内，所述壳体通过所述连接轴可转动地连接在所述基座上，所述连接轴垂直于所述进水口和所述出水口所在的直线上。
作为优选方案，所述壳体、所述支撑筒和所述基座上均涂覆有石墨烯 防腐材料层。
作为优选方案，所述第一摩擦片为铝箔，所述第二摩擦片为铜箔。
作为优选方案，所述介电薄膜为PTFE膜片。
作为优选方案，所述第一摩擦片背离其连接的所述板体的侧面上以及所述第二摩擦片与所述介电薄膜相连接的侧面上均设有纳米至微米级凸起的微结构。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明通过在壳体设置进水口和出水口，使海水能流入流出壳体，并在海流流动时会流过壳体内部连接的发电组的支撑筒，对于任何非流线型物体，在水流流过该物体时，都会在物体两侧交替地产生脱离结构物表面的旋涡，因此，海流在流过支撑筒时，支撑筒的两侧交替地产生脱离其表面的旋涡，交替发放的泻涡又会在支撑筒上生成顺流向及横流向周期性变化的脉动压力，而支撑筒通过第一弹性件与壳体连接，使支撑筒为弹性支撑，脉动流体力将引发支撑筒的周期性振动，产生涡激振动现象。支撑筒的振动会使其内的第二弹性件和折叠板伸长和收缩，使折叠板上的第一摩擦片和介电薄膜发生周期性的接触分离，由于第一摩擦片、介电薄膜两种材料具有不同的电极序，所以在发生相对接触分离时，在两者的表面就会分别带上异种电荷，使第二摩擦片表面感应出正电，产生电势差，从而驱动电子的流动在输出电路中产生电输出。另外，本发明也可以利用波浪的垂荡运动发生振动。因此，本发明除可利用波浪产生振动外，还可以利用海流的流动产生振动，实现增频，提高了海流能的利用率，实现对海流能的有效收集。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机的结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例的支撑筒的内部结构示意图。
图3是本发明实施例的折叠板的结构示意图。
图4是本发明实施例的发电单元的工作示意图。
图5是本发明实施例的电路连接图。
图中，1-壳体；101-进水口；102-出水口；2-电源管理系统；3-支撑 筒；4-第一弹性件；5-折叠板；6-第二弹性件；7-第一摩擦片；8-第二摩擦片；9-介电薄膜；10-导流罩；11-过流板；1101-过流孔；12-导流翼；13-基座；14-连接轴。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
如图1至图5所示，本发明实施例优选实施例的一种增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机，包括壳体1、电源管理系统2和至少一个发电组，电源管理系统2与壳体1相连接，壳体1的两端具有与其内部相通的进水口101和出水口102，发电组位于壳体1内，发电组包括支撑筒3、第一弹性件4和至少一个发电单元，支撑筒3通过第一弹性件4与壳体1的内壁连接，发电单元包括折叠板5和第二弹性件6，折叠板5的一端连接在支撑筒3的内壁上、另一端通过第二弹性件6与支撑筒3的内壁连接，折叠板5包括多个板体，多个板体首尾相连形成可叠合或展开的结构，相邻的两个板体在叠合时相接触的侧面上分别设有第一摩擦片7和第二摩擦片8，第二摩擦片8上设有介电薄膜9，第二摩擦片8与电源管理系统2电连接。本实施例通过在壳体1设置进水口101和出水口102，使海水能流 入流出壳体1，并在海流流动时会流过壳体1内部连接的发电组的支撑筒3，对于任何非流线型物体，在水流流过该物体时，都会在物体两侧交替地产生脱离结构物表面的旋涡，因此，海流在流过支撑筒3时，支撑筒3的两侧交替地产生脱离其表面的旋涡，交替发放的泻涡又会在支撑筒3上生成顺流向及横流向周期性变化的脉动压力，而支撑筒3通过第一弹性件4与壳体1连接，使支撑筒3为弹性支撑，脉动流体力将引发支撑筒3的周期性振动，产生涡激振动现象。支撑筒3的振动会使其内的第二弹性件6和折叠板5伸长和收缩，使折叠板5上的第一摩擦片7和介电薄膜8发生周期性的接触分离，由于第一摩擦片7、介电薄膜8两种材料具有不同的电极序，所以在发生相对接触分离时，在两者的表面就会分别带上异种电荷，使第二摩擦片8表面感应出正电，产生电势差，从而驱动电子的流动在输出电路中产生电输出。另外，本实施例也可以利用波浪的垂荡运动发生振动。因此，本实施例除可利用波浪产生振动外，还可以利用海流的流动产生振动，实现增频，即增加了发生振动的途径，提高了海流能的利用率，实现对海流能的有效收集。
涡激振动是一种常见的流固耦合现象。非流线形结构在水流作用下，其两侧会周期性地产生涡脱落，从而在结构上形成周期性外力，引发结构振动。在海流作用下，支撑筒3可产生很大的振幅，流体的动能大部分被弹性支撑的支撑筒3吸收，形成稳定的周期性振荡运动。固定于折叠板5表面的第一摩擦片7与介电薄膜9会发生周期性接触分离，由于第一摩擦片7、介电薄膜9两种材料具有不同的电极序，所以在发生相对接触分离时，在两者的表面就会分别带上异种电荷，具体为第一摩擦片7带正电荷，介电薄膜9带负电荷。此时，第二摩擦片8表面感应出正电，因而产生电势差。从而驱动电子的流动在输出电路中产生电输出。在第二摩擦片8背部分别引出导电线路，并通过导线连接到电源管理系统2。持续海流作用下，该发电单元能持续向外输出电流，电源管理系统2对产生的电流进行收集，并将电量储存在其电池中。另外，本实施例通过折叠板5叠合和展开实现第一摩擦片7和介电薄膜9的接触和分离，相对于质量体的外壁纳米摩擦片与筒体的内壁纳米摩擦片相对运动进行发电，折叠板5运动频率高，可提高装置发电量，保证持续发电。
本实施例的进水口101和出水口102设于壳体1轴向的两端，支撑筒3轴向的两端分别通过一个第一弹性件4与壳体1连接，支撑筒3的轴向与壳体1的轴向相垂直，折叠板5和第二弹性件6沿支撑筒3的直径方向设置，可同时利用海流流动和波浪的垂荡运动，进一步提高海流能的利用率，提高发电效率。且通过两个第一弹性件4连接支撑筒3，可增加涡激振动。本实施例的第一弹性件4和第二弹性件6均为弹簧。折叠板5采用具有弹性的薄片，使折叠板5在支撑筒3振动时，可与第二弹性件6发生伸长和缩短。应当指出的是，折叠板5还可使其相邻的板体之间转动连接以实现叠合和展开。支撑筒3是两端封闭、内部中空的筒体，可防止海水进入支撑筒3内。此外，本实施例的支撑筒3为可发生弹性形变的柔性圆筒，进一步增加涡激振动。
进一步地，本实施例的发电机还包括导流罩10，导流罩10为喇叭口结构，导流罩10的直径较小的一端与进水口101相连，有利于汇集海流进入壳体1中，增大流过支撑筒3的流体速度。另外，本实施例的发电机还包括过流板11，过流板11安装于进水口101处，过流板11上贯穿其两侧的过流孔101，使海流分为多股流体进入壳体1中，提高流过支撑筒3的流体的流速，增加旋涡，提高支撑筒3的涡激振动，使发电机在低速海流时仍可以发电，且可起到保护作用，避免发电组被海流冲入的外物损坏。本实施例的过流孔1101为矩形孔。此外，本实施例的壳体1设置出水口102的一端设有导流翼12，使壳体1置于海流中时，壳体1的进水口101和出水口102的方向与海流的方向相同，可根据海流的方向调整壳体1的方向，实现迎流发电。本实施例的导流翼12为流线型。
在本实施例中，发电机还包括基座13和连接轴14，基座13内部中空，电源管理系统2设于基座13内，壳体1通过连接轴14可转动地连接在基座13上，连接轴14垂直于进水口101和出水口102所在的直线上。基座13可起到定位作用，避免发电机随海流漂流，同时壳体1通过连接轴14与基座13转动连接，可使壳体1随海流转动，实现迎流。如图5所示，电源管理系统2包括整流器、升压器和电池，整流器输入端与发电单元的输出端相连接，升压器的输入侧与整流器输出端连接，升压器的输出侧与电池连接。当发电单元设置有两个或两个以上时，电源管理系统2 将各发电单元单独进行整流然后并联整合输出，并在电池中储存电量。进一步地，本实施例的壳体1、支撑筒3和基座13上均涂覆有石墨烯防腐材料层，可以减少海水对装置的腐蚀。
可选地，本实施例的第一摩擦片7为铝箔，第二摩擦片8为铜箔。介电薄膜9为PTFE膜片。其中，第一摩擦片7和介电薄膜9的形状、面积相同，使折叠板5叠合时，第一摩擦片7、介电薄膜9有一个瞬间摩擦面可完全重合。进一步地，第一摩擦片7背离其连接的板体的侧面上以及第二摩擦片8与介电薄膜9相连接的侧面上均设有纳米至微米级凸起的微结构，可提高发电效率。同样地，介电薄膜9背离第二摩擦片8的表面上也设有纳米至微米级凸起的微结构。可选地，第一摩擦片7、第二摩擦片8和介电薄膜9的表面可部分或全部分布微结构。该微结构优选为纳米线、纳米管、纳米棒、纳米颗粒、纳米沟槽、微米沟槽、纳米锥或纳米球，以及由前述结构形成的阵列，特别是由纳米线、纳米管或者纳米棒的纳米阵列。微结构可以通过光刻蚀、等离子刻蚀等方法制备的线状、立方体、或者四棱锥形状的阵列，阵列中每个单元的尺寸在微米到纳米量级。应当指出的是，只要不影响发电材料的机械强度，具体微结构的单元尺寸和形状不应限制本发明的范围。
本发明的工作过程为：将发电机整体置于海水中，海水流动，海流依次经过导流罩10和过流板11上的过流孔1101进入壳体1中，海流流过通过第一弹性件4弹性支撑的支撑筒3并从出水口102流出，使支撑筒3产生涡激振动，进而带动支撑筒3的第二弹性件6和折叠板5进行展开和收缩，形成周期性振荡运动，折叠板5上的第一摩擦片7和介电薄膜9随之周期性接触和分离，使第二摩擦片8感应生电；当海流方向改变时，壳体1随海流进行转动，在导流翼12的作用下，使进水口101在海流流动方向上位于出水口102的前方，始终迎流发电。
综上，本发明实施例提供一种增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机，其通过在壳体1设置进水口101和出水口102，使海水能流入流出壳体1，并在海流流动时会流过壳体1内部连接的发电组的支撑筒3，对于任何非流线型物体，在水流流过该物体时，都会在物体两侧交替地产生脱离结构物表面的旋涡，因此，海流在流过支撑筒3时，支撑筒3的两侧交替地产生 脱离其表面的旋涡，交替发放的泻涡又会在支撑筒3上生成顺流向及横流向周期性变化的脉动压力，而支撑筒3通过第一弹性件4与壳体1连接，使支撑筒3为弹性支撑，脉动流体力将引发支撑筒3的周期性振动，产生涡激振动现象。支撑筒3的振动会使其内的第二弹性件6和折叠板5伸长和收缩，使折叠板5上的第一摩擦片7和介电薄膜8发生周期性的接触分离，由于第一摩擦片7、介电薄膜8两种材料具有不同的电极序，所以在发生相对接触分离时，在两者的表面就会分别带上异种电荷，使第二摩擦片8表面感应出正电，产生电势差，从而驱动电子的流动在输出电路中产生电输出。另外，本实施例也可以利用波浪的垂荡运动发生振动。因此，本实施例除可利用波浪产生振动外，还可以利用海流的流动产生振动，实现增频，提高了海流能的利用率，实现对海流能的有效收集。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和替换，这些改进和替换也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，包括壳体(1)、电源管理系统(2)和至少一个发电组，所述电源管理系统(2)与所述壳体(1)相连接，所述壳体(1)的两端具有与其内部相通的进水口(101)和出水口(102)，所述发电组位于所述壳体(1)内，
    所述发电组包括支撑筒(3)、第一弹性件(4)和至少一个发电单元，所述支撑筒(3)通过所述第一弹性件(4)与所述壳体(1)的内壁连接，所述发电单元位于所述支撑筒(3)内，所述发电单元包括折叠板(5)和第二弹性件(6)，所述折叠板(5)的一端连接在所述支撑筒(3)的内壁上、另一端通过所述第二弹性件(6)与所述支撑筒(3)的内壁连接，所述折叠板(5)包括多个板体，多个所述板体首尾相连形成可叠合或展开的结构，相邻的两个所述板体在叠合时相接触的侧面上分别设有第一摩擦片(7)和第二摩擦片(8)，所述第二摩擦片(8)上设有介电薄膜(9)，所述第二摩擦片(8)与所述电源管理系统(2)电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述进水口(101)和所述出水口(102)设于所述壳体(1)轴向的两端，所述支撑筒(3)轴向的两端分别通过一个所述第一弹性件(4)与所述壳体(1)连接，所述支撑筒(3)的轴向与所述壳体(1)的轴向相垂直，所述折叠板(5)和所述第二弹性件(6)沿支撑筒(3)的直径方向设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，还包括导流罩(10)，所述导流罩(10)为喇叭口结构，所述导流罩(10)的直径较小的一端与所述进水口(101)相连。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，还包括过流板(11)，所述过流板(11)安装于所述进水口(101)处，所述过流板(11)上贯穿其两侧的过流孔(1101)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述壳体(1)设置所述出水口(102)的一端设有导流翼(12)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，还包括基座(13)和连接轴(14)，所述基座(13)内部中空，所述电源管理系统 (2)设于所述基座(13)内，所述壳体(1)通过所述连接轴(14)可转动地连接在所述基座(13)上，所述连接轴(14)垂直于所述进水口(101)和所述出水口(102)所在的直线上。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述壳体(1)、所述支撑筒(3)和所述基座(13)上均涂覆有石墨烯防腐材料层。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述第一摩擦片(7)为铝箔，所述第二摩擦片(8)为铜箔。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述介电薄膜(9)为PTFE膜片。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述增频微振海流能摩擦纳米发电机，其特征在于，所述第一摩擦片(7)背离其连接的所述板体的侧面上以及所述第二摩擦片(8)与所述介电薄膜(9)相连接的侧面上均设有纳米至微米级凸起的微结构。
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