WO2023024051A1 - 一种开关电源的启动方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种开关电源的启动方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023024051A1
WO2023024051A1 PCT/CN2021/114877 CN2021114877W WO2023024051A1 WO 2023024051 A1 WO2023024051 A1 WO 2023024051A1 CN 2021114877 W CN2021114877 W CN 2021114877W WO 2023024051 A1 WO2023024051 A1 WO 2023024051A1
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Prior art keywords
circuit
switching
power supply
parameter
output
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PCT/CN2021/114877
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
柳杨
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英飞特电子（杭州）股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/114877 priority Critical patent/WO2023024051A1/zh
Publication of WO2023024051A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023024051A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of switching power supply control, in particular to a method and device for starting a switching power supply.
  • a switching power supply usually includes a control circuit and a power circuit, wherein the control circuit controls the switching frequency or duty cycle of the switching tube in the power circuit to change, so that the power circuit outputs power corresponding to the switching frequency or duty cycle, thereby supplying power to the load.
  • the control circuit includes a feedback control circuit and a drive control circuit.
  • the feedback control circuit collects the output voltage or output current of the power circuit.
  • the drive control circuit changes the control circuit based on the difference between the output voltage or output current collected by the feedback control circuit and the expected value.
  • the frequency or duty cycle of the switching tube stabilizes the output voltage or current of the power circuit at the desired value.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a start-up method and device for a switching power supply, which can reduce the inrush current of the power circuit, and also avoid the large feedback output value of the feedback circuit at the moment of switching the feedback circuit, and avoid generating a large surge It can be seen that the startup method in this application can avoid impact on the switching power supply and improve the reliability and safety of the switching power supply.
  • the application provides a switching power supply starting method, which is applied to the control circuit in the switching power supply.
  • the switching power supply includes a control circuit and a power circuit connected to the control circuit.
  • the control circuit includes a drive circuit and feedback circuit, the method comprising:
  • the S12, the S13 and the S14 are executed at least twice within the first preset time.
  • control parameters include controlling the operating frequency and/or duty cycle of the switch tube.
  • the control parameter is the operating frequency of the switching tube;
  • the S11 includes:
  • the operating frequency of the LLC half-bridge resonant circuit is controlled to be the maximum operating frequency
  • the action of the switching tube in the power circuit is controlled based on the reduced working frequency.
  • the control parameter is the operating frequency of the switching tube;
  • the S11 includes:
  • the operating frequency of the LLC half-bridge resonant circuit is controlled to be the minimum operating frequency
  • the action of the switching tube in the power circuit is controlled based on the increased working frequency.
  • the S11 includes:
  • the switching tube in the power circuit is controlled to work with a minimum duty cycle
  • the actions of the switching tubes in the power circuit are controlled based on the increased duty cycle.
  • calculating and storing the feedback output value of the feedback circuit based on the difference includes:
  • the feedback output value of the feedback circuit is calculated by using a PID algorithm based on the difference value and preset proportional-integral-derivative PID parameters.
  • said S12, said S13 and said S14 are performed every fifth preset time within said first preset time, said first preset time includes a plurality of said fifth preset times .
  • the present invention also provides a starting device for a switching power supply, including:
  • the control circuit is configured to realize the steps of the above-mentioned method for starting the switching power supply when the computer program is executed.
  • the application provides a method and device for starting a switching power supply.
  • the switching power supply is started, by gradually changing the control parameter from the first switching parameter to the second preset parameter, the output power of the power circuit can be controlled to gradually increase, and then Reduce the inrush current of the power circuit.
  • this application only calculates and saves the feedback output value of the feedback circuit when the difference between the output parameter of the power circuit and the expected parameter is not within the preset range, that is, updates the feedback output value in real time.
  • the second switch parameter is within the set range or the control parameter changes value
  • the switching tube action in the power circuit is controlled based on the current feedback output value, so that the output parameter is stable at the desired parameter, and the feedback circuit is avoided at the moment of switching the feedback circuit.
  • the feedback output value is relatively large, which avoids a large surge current. It can be seen that the startup method in this application can avoid impact on the switching power supply and improve the reliability and safety of the switching power supply.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a starting method of a switching power supply provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feedback circuit in the prior art
  • Fig. 3 is the structural block diagram of the LLC half-bridge resonant circuit in the prior art
  • Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of the LLC half-bridge resonant circuit in the prior art
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a Boost circuit in the prior art
  • FIG. 6 is a structural block diagram of a starting device for a switching power supply provided by the present invention.
  • the core of the present invention is to provide a start-up method and device for a switching power supply, which can reduce the inrush current of the power circuit, and also avoid the large feedback output value of the feedback circuit at the moment of switching the feedback circuit, thereby avoiding a large surge It can be seen that the startup method in this application can avoid impact on the switching power supply and improve the reliability and safety of the switching power supply.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a start-up method of a switching power supply provided by the present invention. The method is applied to the control circuit in the switching power supply.
  • the switching power supply includes a control circuit and a power circuit controlled by the control circuit.
  • the control circuit Including a drive circuit and a feedback circuit, the method includes:
  • Steps S12, S13 and S14 are executed at least twice within the first preset time.
  • the more times the above steps are executed that is, the shorter the time interval between each execution and the previous execution, the more accurate the control of the output value during the soft start process.
  • this application designs a soft-start program, so that the power circuit is first soft-started when starting: specifically, during the soft-start period, the feedback circuit does not work, and the soft-start program controls the power circuit to start with a small power first, Then control the output power of the power circuit to gradually increase to the desired value, while the feedback loop performs calculations during the soft start period, but does not execute the method of the calculation results.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feedback circuit in the prior art.
  • Vin is the output voltage feedback value of the power circuit
  • Vref is the reference voltage value
  • Vo is the output voltage value of the regulator.
  • the output voltage of the power circuit is 0, so Vin is generally 0, which has a large difference from Vref, so the output Vo is a large value, so that the power circuit is The maximum power starts to work, and through the above control method, the power (or voltage, current) at the output terminal begins to rise at the maximum rate, Vin increases accordingly, the difference with Vref decreases gradually, Vo gradually decreases, until Vfb is equal to Vref, the loop is closed, the circuit outputs stably, and the boot process ends.
  • Vo is relatively large, and there may be a surge current, which cannot achieve the effect of soft start.
  • the control method in this application not only controls the output power of the power circuit to gradually increase at the moment the switching power supply is turned on, but also calculates the feedback output value of the feedback circuit, but does not control the power circuit based on the feedback output value.
  • the difference between the output parameter and the expected parameter is within the preset range, or the control parameter of the switch tube is changed to the second switch parameter, at this time, the difference between the corresponding output parameter and the expected parameter is small, and the corresponding based on The feedback output value calculated by the difference is small, and then when the power circuit is controlled based on the feedback output value, a large surge current is avoided, thereby avoiding damage to the switching power supply.
  • the method of controlling the output power of the power circuit to gradually increase is: controlling the control parameter to gradually increase from the first switch parameter to the second switch parameter, wherein the control parameter is a parameter for controlling the action of the switch tube in the power circuit, and The output power of the power circuit corresponding to the first switching parameter is smaller than the output power of the power circuit corresponding to the second switching parameter, so as to control the output power of the power circuit to gradually increase.
  • the output parameters may include but not limited to output voltage, output current or output power, wherein the output voltage and output current may both reflect the output power of the power circuit.
  • steps S12, S13 and S14 are executed after the switching power supply is started, and of course also include the first preset time; Steps S12, S13 and S14 are combined with step S11 of soft start in the prior art to solve the problems of the prior art.
  • the output parameters of the power circuit are obtained in real time, including:
  • the output parameters of the power circuit are sampled to obtain sampled parameters.
  • This embodiment aims to provide a specific implementation method for obtaining the output parameters of the power circuit, specifically, sampling the output parameters of the power circuit to obtain digital output parameters.
  • the feedback output value of the feedback circuit can be saved after it is calculated.
  • control parameters are specifically determined according to a specific implementation manner of the power circuit, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • this application can reduce the inrush current of the power circuit, and also avoid the large feedback output value of the feedback circuit at the moment of switching the feedback circuit, so as to avoid generating a large surge current. It can be seen that the startup method in this application can avoid The impact on the switching power supply improves the reliability and safety of the switching power supply.
  • control parameters include controlling the operating frequency and/or duty cycle of the switch tube.
  • This embodiment aims to provide a specific implementation of control parameters.
  • the control parameters in this embodiment can be The working frequency or the duty ratio of the switching tube, which form depends on the actual situation, is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the control parameter is the operating frequency of the switching tube; S11 includes:
  • the operating frequency of the LLC half-bridge resonant circuit is controlled to be the maximum operating frequency
  • Actions of switching tubes in the power circuit are controlled based on the reduced operating frequency.
  • the circuit controls the output power of the power circuit by controlling the operating frequency of the switch tube, and when the circuit is designed to work in an inductive In the zone, when the operating frequency of the switching tube is high, the output power of the LLC half-bridge resonant circuit is small, that is, in the inductive zone, the operating frequency of the switching tube is negatively correlated with the output power. Therefore, the above step S11 may specifically be:
  • the switch tube When the switching power supply is started, the switch tube is first controlled to work at the maximum operating frequency so that the power circuit outputs the minimum power, and then the operating frequency is controlled to decrease at regular intervals, that is, the output power of the power circuit is controlled to increase, thereby realizing control The step in which the output power of the power circuit is gradually increased.
  • steps S12, S13 and S14 can be executed once when the working frequency is changed once.
  • the control parameter is the operating frequency of the switching tube; S11 includes:
  • the operating frequency of the LLC half-bridge resonant circuit is controlled to be the minimum operating frequency
  • the first preset time includes a plurality of third preset times
  • the action of the switch tube in the power circuit is controlled based on the increased working frequency.
  • This embodiment aims to provide a specific implementation.
  • the power circuit is an LLC half-bridge resonant circuit, and when the circuit is designed to work in the capacitive region, the operating frequency of the switching tube is low.
  • the output power of the resonant circuit is small, that is, in the capacitive region, the operating frequency of the switching tube is positively correlated with the output power. Therefore, the above step S11 may specifically be:
  • the switch tube When the switching power supply is started, the switch tube is first controlled to work at the minimum operating frequency so that the power circuit outputs the minimum power, and then the operating frequency is controlled to increase at regular intervals, that is, the output power of the power circuit is controlled to increase, thereby realizing control The step in which the output power of the power circuit is gradually increased.
  • the switching power supply when the switching power supply is started, it is also possible to control the switching tube to work at a small power, and then control it to gradually increase, not necessarily the minimum operating frequency.
  • steps S12, S13 and S14 can be executed once when the working frequency is changed once.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of an LLC half-bridge resonant circuit in the prior art
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of an LLC half-bridge resonant circuit in the prior art.
  • the LLC circuit power circuit includes: a switch unit, a resonance unit, and a load unit; the switch unit includes a first switch tube S1 and a second switch tube S2, and the control circuit can control the on and off of S1 and S2.
  • a bus voltage Vbus is added to both ends, and the control circuit controls the opening and closing of S1 and S2 to form a square wave generating circuit; and by controlling the switching frequency of S1 and S2, the energy is controlled between the resonance unit and the load.
  • Unit conversion so as to control the current, voltage, power and other parameters of the load unit.
  • the resonant unit also includes a resonant inductor L1 and a resonant capacitor C1.
  • the load unit includes a transformer T1, a rectifier circuit, a capacitor C2 and an external load R.
  • the control circuit includes a sampling module, a driving module and a frequency control module.
  • the sampling module is used to sample the voltage or current of the external load, and transmit the sampled data to the frequency control module; in the control circuit, the frequency control module and the drive module are digitally controlled, and the frequency control module outputs frequency control to the drive module signal, the drive module controls S1 and S2 to be turned on or off at the frequency according to the signal, so as to output a square wave of a certain frequency to the resonant unit and load unit of the subsequent stage.
  • the maximum frequency value fmax is preset in the frequency control module
  • the frequency step size is ⁇ f
  • a feedback control program is set in the frequency control module, and the parameters (such as voltage, current or power) of the external load in steady state are set, and converted into the reference value Vref in the feedback control program.
  • the sampling module samples data such as current and voltage of the external load, and transmits the sampled data to the frequency control module.
  • the frequency control module converts the sampling data into the input value Vin in the feedback control program through analog-to-digital conversion.
  • Vin is compared with Vref, and the corresponding frequency control method is calculated at the same time, that is, a certain frequency is increased or decreased, and parameters such as current, voltage or power of the external load are controlled to be constant.
  • the control circuit controls the frequency of the LLC circuit to be fmax, and gradually increases the frequency so that at each ⁇ t time, the control operating frequency increases by ⁇ f.
  • the difference between the circuit parameters (voltage, current, power and other parameters) of the external load and the set expected value is monitored.
  • the PID feedback program calculates the feedback control strategy according to the sampling data of the sampling module, and stores the output value. When the difference between the sampling data and the set expected value is within a certain range, switch to the stored feedback control strategy for corresponding control, so that the output parameters of the LLC circuit, that is, the voltage or current or power value of the external load are stabilized to the set value expectations.
  • S11 when the control parameter is a duty cycle, S11 includes:
  • the switching tube in the control power circuit works with the minimum duty cycle
  • the first preset time includes a plurality of fourth preset times
  • the action of the switching tube in the power circuit is controlled based on the increased duty cycle.
  • the power circuit is a Boost circuit.
  • step S11 may specifically be:
  • the switch tube When the switching power supply is started, the switch tube is first controlled to work with the minimum duty cycle so that the power circuit outputs the minimum power, and then the duty cycle is controlled to increase at regular intervals, that is, the output power of the power circuit is controlled to increase, thereby A step of gradually increasing the output power of the control power circuit is realized.
  • steps S12, S13 and S14 may be executed once when the duty cycle is changed once.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a Boost circuit in the prior art.
  • Boost circuit includes: inductor L1, diode D1, switch tube S1, capacitor C1 and external load.
  • the control circuit includes: a sampling module, a duty ratio control module and a driving module.
  • the sampling module is used to sample the voltage or current of the external load, and transmit the sampled data to the duty cycle control module; in the control circuit, the duty cycle control module and the drive module are digitally controlled; in the control circuit, the duty cycle control The module outputs a duty cycle control signal to the drive module, and the drive module controls S1 to conduct at the duty cycle according to the signal.
  • the duty cycle control module presets the minimum duty cycle Dmin, the duty cycle step size ⁇ D and the time step size ⁇ t.
  • the feedback control program is set in the duty cycle control module, and the parameters (such as voltage, current or power) of the external load in steady state are set, and converted into the reference value Vref in the feedback control program.
  • the sampling module samples data such as current and voltage of the external load, and transmits the sampled data to the duty ratio control module.
  • the duty ratio control module converts the sampled data into the input value Vin in the feedback control program through analog-to-digital conversion.
  • Vin is compared with Vref, and the corresponding duty ratio control method is calculated at the same time, that is, a certain duty ratio is increased or decreased, and the parameters such as current, voltage or power of the external load are controlled to be constant.
  • the control circuit controls the duty ratio of the switching tube of the Boost circuit to be Dmin, and gradually increases the duty cycle so that at each ⁇ t time, the duty cycle of the switching tube is controlled to increase ⁇ D. Simultaneously monitor the difference between the circuit parameters (voltage, current or power, etc.) of the external load and the set expected value. At the same time, the PID feedback program calculates the feedback control strategy (increase or decrease the duty cycle) according to the sampling data of the sampling module, and stores the output value.
  • calculating and saving the feedback output value of the feedback circuit based on the difference includes:
  • the feedback output value of the feedback circuit is calculated using the PID algorithm based on the difference value and preset proportional-integral-differential PID parameters.
  • u k is the output value after the kth sampling
  • u o is the output value when the switching power supply is not turned on
  • e k is the difference between the circuit output value u k and the expected value at k sampling
  • e k-1 is k-1 times The difference between the circuit output value u k-1 and the expected value during sampling.
  • the difference e k is calculated according to the circuit output u k and the expected value, and the above operation is performed.
  • the controller outputs the corresponding The control strategy, such as increasing or decreasing the frequency or duty cycle, etc., makes u k stable at the desired value.
  • S12, S13 and S14 are executed at least twice within the first preset time.
  • steps S12, S13 and S14 controls steps S12, S13 and S14 to be executed at least twice during the execution of S11 (that is, within the first preset time).
  • steps S12, S13 and S14 can be changed once in the duty cycle and executed once, wherein the duty cycle is changed at least twice; steps in S12, S13 and S14 can be changed once in the operating frequency and executed once, the operating frequency of the switching tube Change it at least twice. It is also possible that steps S12, S13 and S14 are executed at least twice during the changing process of the duty cycle.
  • S14 is executed every fifth preset time within the first preset time, and the first preset time includes a plurality of fifth preset times.
  • the application controls steps S12, S13 and S14 to be executed every fifth preset time during the execution of S11 (that is, within the first preset time), wherein,
  • the fifth preset time may be equal to the second preset time or the third preset time or the fourth preset time.
  • the operating frequency of the switching tube may be changed (increased or decrease) once, execute once (that is, within the first preset time); or increase the duty cycle once, execute once (that is, within the first preset time), and the fifth preset time can also be At other times, this application does not make special limitations here.
  • the more times the steps S12, S13 and S14 are executed that is, the shorter the time interval between each execution and the previous execution, the more accurate the control of the output value during the soft start process.
  • Fig. 6 is a structural block diagram of a starting device for a switching power supply provided by the present invention, the device includes:
  • memory 61 for storing computer programs
  • the control circuit 52 is configured to implement the steps of the above-mentioned method for starting the switching power supply when executing the computer program.
  • the present application also provides a starting device for a switching power supply.
  • a starting device for a switching power supply please refer to the above-mentioned embodiments, and the present application will not repeat it here.

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Abstract

一种开关电源的启动方法及装置，在开关电源启动时，通过将控制参数由第一开关参数逐步改变至第二开关参数，可以控制功率电路的输出功率逐步增大，进而减小功率电路的冲击电流。此外，本申请还在功率电路的输出参数与期望参数的差值不在预设范围内时，只计算反馈电路的反馈输出值并保存，在差值在预设范围内或控制参数改变至第二开关参数时，才基于反馈输出值控制功率电路中的开关管动作，以使输出参数稳定在期望参数，避免在切换反馈电路的瞬间，反馈电路的反馈输出值较大，避免产生较大的浪涌电流，可见，本申请中的启动方法可以避免对开关电源造成冲击，提高了开关电源的可靠性和安全性。

Description

一种开关电源的启动方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及开关电源控制领域，特别是涉及一种开关电源的启动方法及装置。
背景技术
开关电源通常包括控制电路及功率电路，其中，控制电路控制功率电路中开关管的开关频率或占空比变化，以使功率电路输出与开关频率或占空比对应的功率，从而为负载供电。具体地，控制电路包括反馈控制电路及驱动控制电路，反馈控制电路对功率电路的输出电压或输出电流进行采集，驱动控制电路基于反馈控制电路采集的输出电压或输出电流与期望值的差值改变控制开关管的频率或占空比，使功率电路的输出电压或电流稳定在期望值。
现有技术中对功率电路进行控制时，功率电路的启动瞬间，由于反馈控制电路采集到的功率电路的输出电压或输出电流为零，因此，输出电压或输出电流与期望值的差值为较大值，基于此较大值对功率电路中的各开关管进行控制时，功率电路的输出端可能会有较大的冲击电流，该冲击电流可能引起功率电路中元器件的损坏。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种开关电源的启动方法及装置，可以减小功率电路的冲击电流，还避免在切换反馈电路的瞬间，反馈电路的反馈输出值较大，避免产生较大的浪涌电流，可见，本申请中的启动方法可以避免对开关电源造成冲击，提高了开关电源的可靠性和安全性。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请提供一种开关电源的启动方法，应用于开关电源中的控制电路，所述开关电源包括控制电路及与所述控制电路连接的功率电路，所述控制电路包括驱动电路和反馈电路，所述方法包括：
S11：在所述开关电源启动第一预设时间内，以控制参数控制所述功率 电路中的开关管动作，所述控制参数在所述预设时间内由第一开关参数逐步改变至第二开关参数，所述第一开关参数对应的功率电路的输出功率小于所述第二开关参数对应的功率电路的输出功率；
S12：在所述第一预设时间内，实时获取所述功率电路的输出参数，所述输出参数包括输出电压或输出电流或输出功率；
S13：在所述第一预设时间内，计算所述输出参数与期望参数之间的差值；
S14：在所述第一预设时间内，基于所述差值计算所述反馈电路的反馈输出值并保存；
S15：在所述输出参数与所述期望参数的差值在预设范围内或所述控制参数改变至所述第二开关参数时，基于当前的所述反馈输出值确定所述开关管的反馈控制参数，并基于所述反馈控制参数控制所述功率电路中的开关管动作，以使所述功率电路的输出参数稳定在所述期望参数。
优选地，所述S12、所述S13及所述S14在所述第一预设时间内至少执行两次。
优选地，所述控制参数包括控制所述开关管的工作频率和/或占空比。
优选地，所述功率电路为LLC半桥谐振电路且所述LLC半桥谐振电路工作在感性区时，所述控制参数为所述开关管的工作频率；所述S11包括：
在所述开关电源启动时，控制所述LLC半桥谐振电路的工作频率为最大工作频率；
控制所述工作频率每隔第二预设时间减小第一预设值，所述第一预设时间包括多个所述第二预设时间；
基于减小后的工作频率控制所述功率电路中的开关管动作。
优选地，所述功率电路为LLC半桥谐振电路且所述LLC半桥谐振电路工作在容性区时，所述控制参数为所述开关管的工作频率；所述S11包括：
在所述开关电源启动时，控制所述LLC半桥谐振电路的工作频率为最小工作频率；
控制所述工作频率每隔第三预设时间增大第二预设值，所述第一预设时间包括多个所述第三预设时间；
基于增大后的工作频率控制所述功率电路中的开关管动作。
优选地，所述控制参数为占空比时，所述S11包括：
在所述开关电源启动时，控制所述功率电路中的开关管以最小占空比工作；
控制所述占空比每隔第四预设时间增大第三预设值，所述第一预设时间包括多个所述第四预设时间；
基于增大后的占空比控制所述功率电路中的开关管动作。
优选地，基于所述差值计算所述反馈电路的反馈输出值并保存，包括：
基于所述差值、预设的比例积分微分PID参数使用PID算法计算所述反馈电路的反馈输出值。
优选地，所述S14之后，若所述差值不在所述预设范围内，则继续执行所述S12、所述S13和所述S14的步骤。
优选地，所述S12、所述S13及所述S14在所述第一预设时间内每隔第五预设时间执行一次，所述第一预设时间包括多个所述第五预设时间。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明还提供了一种开关电源的启动装置，包括：
存储器，用于存储计算机程序；
控制电路，用于在执行所述计算机程序时，实现上述所述的开关电源的启动方法的步骤。
本申请提供了一种开关电源的启动方法及装置，在开关电源启动时，通过将控制参数由第一开关参数逐步改变至第二预设参数，可以控制功率电路的输出功率逐步增大，进而减小功率电路的冲击电流。此外，本申请还在功率电路的输出参数与期望参数的差值不在预设范围内时，只计算反馈电路的反馈输出值并保存，也即实时的进行更新反馈输出值，在差值在预设范围内或控制参数改变值第二开关参数时，才基于当前的反馈输出值控制功率电路中的开关管动作，以使输出参数稳定在期望参数，避免在切换反馈电路的瞬间，反馈电路的反馈输出值较大，避免产生较大的浪涌电 流，可见，本申请中的启动方法可以避免对开关电源造成冲击，提高了开关电源的可靠性和安全性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对现有技术和实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明提供的一种开关电源的启动方法的流程示意图；
图2为现有技术中的一种反馈电路的示意图；
图3为现有技术中的LLC半桥谐振电路的结构框图；
图4为现有技术中的LLC半桥谐振电路的电路示意图；
图5为现有技术中的Boost电路的结构示意图；
图6为本发明提供的一种开关电源的启动装置的结构框图。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心是提供一种开关电源的启动方法及装置，可以减小功率电路的冲击电流，还避免在切换反馈电路的瞬间，反馈电路的反馈输出值较大，避免产生较大的浪涌电流，可见，本申请中的启动方法可以避免对开关电源造成冲击，提高了开关电源的可靠性和安全性。
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参照图1，图1为本发明提供的一种开关电源的启动方法的流程示意图，该方法应用于开关电源中的控制电路，开关电源包括控制电路及由控制电路控制的功率电路，控制电路包括驱动电路和反馈电路，方法包括：
S11：在开关电源启动第一预设时间内，以控制参数控制功率电路中的开关管动作，控制参数在预设时间内由第一开关参数逐步改变至第二开关参数，第一开关参数对应的功率电路的输出功率小于第二开关参数对应的功率电路的输出功率；
S12：在第一预设时间内，实时获取功率电路的输出参数，输出参数包括输出电压或输出电流或输出功率；
S13：在第一预设时间内，计算输出参数与期望参数之间的差值；
S14：在第一预设时间内，基于差值计算反馈电路的反馈输出值并保存；
在S14执行之后，若该差值不在期望值之内，则继续执行S12，S13，S14。
S12，S13，S14步骤在第一预设时间内至少执行两次。在具体实施例中，上述步骤执行的次数越多，也即在每次执行与前一次执行的时间间隔越短，其软启动过程中的输出值的控制越准确。
S15：在输出参数与期望参数的差值在预设范围内或控制参数改变至第二开关参数时，基于当前的反馈输出值确定开关管的反馈控制参数，并基于反馈控制参数控制功率电路中的开关管动作，以使功率电路的输出参数稳定在期望参数。
考虑到现有技术中使用数字控制方法对功率电路进行控制时，功率电路的启动瞬间，功率电路的输出端可能会有较大的冲击电流，该冲击电流可能引起功率电路中元器件的损坏。此外，现有技术中数字控制方法无法满足不同负载的不同功率需求。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请设计了软启动程序，使功率电路在启动时先进行软启动：具体地，软启动期间，反馈电路不进行工作，软启动程序控制功率电路先以小功率开机，然后控制功率电路的输出功率逐渐增大至期望值，同时反馈环路在软启动期间进行运算，但不执行该运算结果的方法。
具体地，本申请在此对现有技术中的软启动方式进行进一步的说明，请参照图2，图2为现有技术中的一种反馈电路的示意图。其中，Vin为功率电路的输出电压反馈值，Vref为基准电压值，Vo为该调节器输出电压值。 根据PID调节器的特性，当开关电源的开机时刻，功率电路的输出电压为0，因此Vin一般为0，与Vref差值很大，这样输出的Vo为一个很大的值，使得功率电路以最大的功率开始工作，通过上述控制方式，使得其输出端的功率(或电压、电流)开始以最大的速率上升，Vin随之增大，与Vref的差值逐渐减小，Vo逐渐减小，直至Vfb与Vref相等，环路闭环，电路稳定输出，开机过程结束。综上可知，现有技术中的软启动方式在切换至反馈程序时，Vo较大，可能也会存在浪涌电流，不能完成软启动的效果。
基于此，本申请中的控制方法除了在开关电源开机瞬间，控制功率电路的输出功率逐步增大之外，还计算反馈电路的反馈输出值，但是不基于反馈输出值对功率电路进行控制。在输出参数与期望参数的差值在预设范围内，或开关管的控制参数改变至第二开关参数时，此时，对应的输出参数与期望参数之间的差值较小，对应的基于该差值计算出的反馈输出值较小，然后再基于此反馈输出值对功率电路进行控制时，避免产生大的浪涌电流，进而避免对开关电源造成损坏。
具体地，控制功率电路的输出功率逐步增大的方式为：控制控制参数从第一开关参数逐步增大至第二开关参数，其中，控制参数为控制功率电路中的开关管动作的参数，且第一开关参数对应的功率电路的输出功率小于第二开关参数对应的功率电路的输出功率，以实现控制功率电路的输出功率逐步增大。
其中，在第一预设时间内获取功率电路的输出参数时，输出参数可以但不限于包括输出电压或输出电流或输出功率，其中，输出电压和输出电流可以均是反映功率电路的输出功率。
需要说明的是，步骤S12、S13和S14是在开关电源启动之后就执行的，当然也包括第一预设时间；并且，本申请的技术方案也正是由于在第一预设时间内执行了步骤S12、S13和S14，再结合现有技术中的软启动的步骤S11才解决现有技术的问题。
此外，作为一种优选的实施例，实时获取功率电路的输出参数，包括：
对功率电路的输出参数进行采样，以获得采样参数。
本实施例旨在提供一种获取功率电路输出参数的具体实现方式，具体 地，对功率电路的输出参数进行采样，以获取数字量的输出参数。
此外，本申请中在计算出反馈电路的反馈输出值后可以对其进行保存。
需要说明的是，控制参数具体根据功率电路的具体实现方式确定，本申请在此不做特别的限定。
可见，本申请可以减小功率电路的冲击电流，还避免在切换反馈电路的瞬间，反馈电路的反馈输出值较大，避免产生较大的浪涌电流，可见，本申请中的启动方法可以避免对开关电源造成冲击，提高了开关电源的可靠性和安全性。
在上述实施例的基础上：
作为一种优选的实施例，控制参数包括控制开关管的工作频率和/或占空比。
本实施例旨在提供一种控制参数的具体实现方式，其中，考虑到控制功率电路中的开关管动作的形式包括工作频率控制和占空比控制，因此，本实施例中的控制参数可以为开关管的工作频率或占空比，具体为哪种形式根据实际情况而定，本申请在此不做特别的限定。
作为一种优选的实施例，功率电路为LLC半桥谐振电路且LLC半桥谐振电路工作在感性区时，控制参数为开关管的工作频率；S11包括：
在开关电源启动时，控制LLC半桥谐振电路的工作频率为最大工作频率；
控制工作频率每隔第二预设时间减小第一预设值，第一预设时间包括多个第二预设时间；
基于减小后的工作频率控制功率电路中的开关管动作。
本实施例旨在提供一种具体的实现方式，在功率电路为LLC半桥谐振电路时，该电路以控制开关管的工作频率来控制功率电路的输出功率，并且，当设计该电路工作在感性区时，开关管的工作频率较高时所述LLC半桥谐振电路的输出功率较小，也即在感性区时，开关管的工作频率与输出功率呈负相关。因此，上述步骤S11可以具体为：
在开关电源启动时，先以最大工作频率控制开关管工作，以使功率电 路输出最小功率，然后每隔一段时间控制工作频率减小，也即是控制功率电路的输出功率增大，从而实现控制功率电路的输出功率逐步增大的步骤。
其中，在开关电源启动时，也可以是控制开关管以一个较大的功率工作，然后再控制其逐步减小，不一定必须是最大工作频率。
此外，S12、S13及S14步骤可以在工作频率改变一次，执行一次。
可见，本申请中的通过控制开关管的工作频率变化可以实现控制开关电源的输出功率逐步增大的功能，且实现方式简单可靠。
作为一种优选的实施例，功率电路为LLC半桥谐振电路且LLC半桥谐振电路工作在容性区时，控制参数为开关管的工作频率；S11包括：
在开关电源启动时，控制LLC半桥谐振电路的工作频率为最小工作频率；
控制工作频率每隔第三预设时间增大第二预设值，第一预设时间包括多个第三预设时间；
基于增大后的工作频率控制功率电路中的开关管动作。
本实施例旨在提供一种具体的实现方式，在功率电路为LLC半桥谐振电路时，并且，当设计该电路工作在容性区时，开关管的工作频率较低时所述LLC半桥谐振电路的输出功率较小，也即在容性区时，开关管的工作频率与输出功率呈正相关。因此，上述步骤S11可以具体为：
在开关电源启动时，先以最小工作频率控制开关管工作，以使功率电路输出最小功率，然后每隔一段时间控制工作频率增大，也即是控制功率电路的输出功率增大，从而实现控制功率电路的输出功率逐步增大的步骤。
其中，在开关电源启动时，也可以是控制开关管以一个较小的功率工作，然后再控制其逐步增大，不一定必须是最小工作频率。
此外，S12、S13及S14步骤可以在工作频率改变一次，执行一次。
可见，本申请中的通过控制开关管的工作频率变化可以实现控制开关电源的输出功率逐步增大的功能，且实现方式简单可靠。
请参照图3和图4，图3为现有技术中的LLC半桥谐振电路的结构框图，图4为现有技术中的LLC半桥谐振电路的电路示意图。LLC电路功率电路包括：开关单元，谐振单元，负载单元；开关单元包括第一开关管S1与第二 开关管S2，控制电路可以控制S1与S2的导通与关断。S1与S2串联后两端加入一母线电压Vbus，控制电路控制S1与S2的开通与关断，使其构成一方波发生电路；又通过控制S1与S2的开关频率，控制能量在谐振单元与负载单元的转换，从而控制负载单元的电流、电压、功率等各项参数。谐振单元还包括谐振电感L1与谐振电容C1。负载单元包括变压器T1，整流电路，电容C2与外接负载R。控制电路包括采样模块，驱动模块与频率控制模块。
具体的，采样模块用于对外接负载的电压或电流进行采样，并将采样数据传输给频率控制模块；控制电路中，频率控制模块和驱动模块为数字控制，频率控制模块向驱动模块输出频率控制信号，驱动模块根据该信号控制S1与S2以该频率导通或关断，从而向后级的谐振单元与负载单元输出某一频率方波。
其中，频率控制模块中预设最大频率值fmax，频率步长为Δf以及时间步长Δt。频率控制模块中设置反馈控制程序，并对稳态时的外接负载的参数(电压、电流或功率等参数)进行设定，并将其转化为反馈控制程序中的基准值Vref。
相应地，在LLC电路非启动阶段，采样模块对外接负载的电流、电压等数据进行采样，并将采样数据传输到频率控制模块。频率控制模块将该采样数据通过模数转换，转换为反馈控制程序中的输入值Vin。反馈控制程序中将Vin与Vref进行比较，同时计算出相应的频率控制方式，即增加一定频率或减少一定频率，控制外接负载的电流、电压或者功率等参数恒定。
在LLC电路软启动阶段，控制电路控制LLC电路的频率为fmax，并逐渐增大该频率，使其在每个Δt时间，则控制工作频率增大Δf。同时监控外接负载的电路参数(电压，电流，功率等参数)，与设定的期望值的差值。同时PID反馈程序根据采样模块的采样数据进行反馈控制策略的计算，并将该输出值存储。当采样数据与设定的期望值的差值在一定范围内时，切换为存储的反馈控制策略进行相应的控制，使LLC电路的输出参数，即外接负载的电压或电流或功率值稳定为设定的期望值。
作为一种优选的实施例，控制参数为占空比时，S11包括：
在开关电源启动时，控制功率电路中的开关管以最小占空比工作；
控制占空比每隔第四预设时间增大第三预设值，第一预设时间包括多个第四预设时间；
基于增大后的占空比控制功率电路中的开关管动作。
作为一种优选的实施例，功率电路为Boost电路。
本实施例旨在提供一种具体的实现方式，在功率电路为占空比控制的电路时，控制开关管动作的占空比与输出功率呈正相关。因此，上述步骤S11可以具体为：
在开关电源启动时，先以最小占空比控制开关管工作，以使功率电路输出最小功率，然后每隔一段时间控制占空比增大，也即是控制功率电路的输出功率增大，从而实现控制功率电路的输出功率逐步增大的步骤。
其中，在开关电源启动时，也可以是控制开关管以一个较小的占空比工作，然后再控制其逐步增大，不一定必须是最小占空比。
此外，S12、S13及S14步骤可以是占空比改变一次，执行一次。
可见，本申请中的通过控制开关管的占空比变化可以实现控制开关电源的输出功率逐步增大的功能，且实现方式简单可靠。
请参照图5，图5为现有技术中的Boost电路的结构示意图。Boost电路包括：电感L1，二极管D1，开关管S1，电容C1以及外接负载。所述控制电路包括：采样模块，占空比控制模块以及驱动模块。
采样模块用于对外接负载的电压或电流进行采样，并将采样数据传输给占空比控制模块；控制电路中，占空比控制模块和驱动模块为数字控制；控制电路中，占空比控制模块向驱动模块输出占空比控制信号，驱动模块根据该信号控制S1以该占空比导通。
在开关电源开启时，占空比控制模块中预设最小占空比Dmin，占空比步长ΔD及时间步长Δt。占空比控制模块中设置反馈控制程序，并对稳态时的外接负载的参数(电压、电流或功率等参数)进行设定，并将其转化为反馈控制程序中的基准值Vref。
相应地，在Boost电路非启动阶段，采样模块对外接负载的电流、电压等数据进行采样，并将采样数据传输到占空比控制模块。占空比控制模块将该采样数据通过模数转换，转换为反馈控制程序中的输入值Vin。反馈控 制程序中将Vin与Vref进行比较，同时计算出相应的占空比控制方式，即增加一定占空比或减少一定占空比，控制外接负载的电流、电压或者功率等参数恒定。
在Boost电路软启动阶段，控制电路控制Boost电路的开关管的占空比为Dmin，并逐渐增大该占空比，使其在每个Δt时间，则控制开关管开通的占空比增大ΔD。同时监控外接负载的电路参数(电压、电流或功率等参数)，与设定的期望值的差值。同时PID反馈程序根据采样模块的采样数据进行反馈控制策略的计算(增大或减小占空比)，并将该输出值存储。当采样数据与设定的期望值的差值在一定范围内时，切换为存储的反馈控制策略进行相应的控制，使Boost电路的输出参数，即外接负载的电压或电流值稳定为设定的期望值。
作为一种优选的实施例，基于差值计算反馈电路的反馈输出值并保存，包括：
基于差值、预设的比例积分微分PID参数使用PID算法计算反馈电路的反馈输出值。
本申请中计算反馈输出值时，是基于差值、预设的PID参数使用PID算法进行计算。具体地，PID算法中，预设的PID参数为：P＝KP，I＝KI，D＝KD，PID算法如下：
Figure PCTCN2021114877-appb-000001
u k为第k次采样后输出值，u o为开关电源未开机时的输出值，e k为k次采样时电路输出值u k与期望值的差值，e k-1为k-1次采样时电路输出值u k-1与期望值的差值，PID算法中，根据电路输出量u k与期望值计算差值e k，进行上述运算，控制器根据运算结果(反馈输出值)，输出相应的控制策略，如增大或减小频率或占空比等，使得u k稳定于期望值。
作为一种优选的实施例，S12、S13及S14在第一预设时间内至少执行两次。
为避免出现较大的浪涌电流或冲击电流，本申请控制S12、S13及S14步骤在S11执行过程中(也即第一预设时间之内)至少执行两次。例如， S12、S13及S14步骤可以是占空比改变一次，执行一次，其中，占空比改变至少两次；S12、S13及S14步骤可以在工作频率改变一次，执行一次，开关管的工作频率至少改变两次。也可以是占空比改变过程中，步骤S12、S13及S14至少执行两次。
同样的，作为一种优选的实施例，S14在第一预设时间内每隔第五预设时间执行一次，第一预设时间包括多个第五预设时间。
为避免出现较大的浪涌电流或冲击电流，本申请控制S12、S13及S14步骤在S11执行过程中(也即第一预设时间之内)每隔第五预设时间执行一次，其中，在上述实施例的基础上，第五预设时间可以与第二预设时间或第三预设时间或第四预设时间相等，此时对应的，可以是开关管的工作频率改变(增大或减小)一次，执行一次(也即第一预设时间之内)；或占空比增大一次，执行一次(也即第一预设时间之内)，第五预设时间也可以是别的时间，本申请在此不做特别的限定。
在具体实施例中，上述S12、S13及S14步骤执行的次数越多，也即在每次执行与前一次执行的时间间隔越短，其软启动过程中的输出值的控制越准确。
请参照图6，图6为本发明提供的一种开关电源的启动装置的结构框图，该装置包括：
存储器61，用于存储计算机程序；
控制电路52，用于在执行计算机程序时，实现上述的开关电源的启动方法的步骤。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请还提供了一种开关电源的启动装置，对于开关电源的启动装置的介绍请参照上述实施例，本申请在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是，在本说明书中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而 使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
专业人员还可以进一步意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其他实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种开关电源的启动方法，其特征在于，应用于开关电源中的控制电路，所述开关电源包括控制电路及由所述控制电路控制的功率电路，所述控制电路包括驱动电路和反馈电路，所述方法包括：
    S11：在所述开关电源启动第一预设时间内，以控制参数控制所述功率电路中的开关管动作，所述控制参数在所述预设时间内由第一开关参数逐步改变至第二开关参数，所述第一开关参数对应的功率电路的输出功率小于所述第二开关参数对应的功率电路的输出功率；
    S12：在所述第一预设时间内，实时获取所述功率电路的输出参数，所述输出参数包括输出电压或输出电流或输出功率；
    S13：在所述第一预设时间内，计算所述输出参数与期望参数之间的差值；
    S14：在所述第一预设时间内，基于所述差值计算所述反馈电路的反馈输出值并保存；
    S15：在所述输出参数与所述期望参数的差值在预设范围内或所述控制参数改变至所述第二开关参数时，基于当前的所述反馈输出值确定所述开关管的反馈控制参数，并基于所述反馈控制参数控制所述功率电路中的开关管动作，以使所述功率电路的输出参数稳定在所述期望参数。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的开关电源的启动方法，其特征在于，所述S12、所述S13及所述S14在所述第一预设时间内至少执行两次。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的开关电源的启动方法，其特征在于，所述控制参数包括控制所述开关管的工作频率和/或占空比。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的开关电源的启动方法，其特征在于，所述功率电路为LLC半桥谐振电路且所述LLC半桥谐振电路工作在感性区时，所述控制参数为所述开关管的工作频率；所述S11包括：
    在所述开关电源启动时，控制所述LLC半桥谐振电路的工作频率为最大工作频率；
    控制所述工作频率每隔第二预设时间减小第一预设值，所述第一预设时间包括多个所述第二预设时间；
    基于减小后的工作频率控制所述功率电路中的开关管动作。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的开关电源的启动方法，其特征在于，所述功率电路为LLC半桥谐振电路且所述LLC半桥谐振电路工作在容性区时，所述控制参数为所述开关管的工作频率；所述S11包括：
    在所述开关电源启动时，控制所述LLC半桥谐振电路的工作频率为最小工作频率；
    控制所述工作频率每隔第三预设时间增大第二预设值，所述第一预设时间包括多个所述第三预设时间；
    基于增大后的工作频率控制所述功率电路中的开关管动作。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的开关电源的启动方法，其特征在于，所述控制参数为占空比时，所述S11包括：
    在所述开关电源启动时，控制所述功率电路中的开关管以最小占空比工作；
    控制所述占空比每隔第四预设时间增大第三预设值，所述第一预设时间包括多个所述第四预设时间；
    基于增大后的占空比控制所述功率电路中的开关管动作。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的开关电源的启动方法，其特征在于，基于所述差值计算所述反馈电路的反馈输出值并保存，包括：
    基于所述差值、预设的比例积分微分PID参数使用PID算法计算所述反馈电路的反馈输出值。
  8. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的开关电源的启动方法，其特征在于，所述S14之后，若所述差值不在所述预设范围内，则继续执行所述S12、所述S13和所述S14的步骤。
  9. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的开关电源的启动方法，其特征在于，所述S12、所述S13及所述S14在所述第一预设时间内每隔第五预设时间执行一次，所述第一预设时间包括多个所述第五预设时间。
  10. 一种开关电源的启动装置，其特征在于，包括：
    存储器，用于存储计算机程序；
    控制电路，用于在执行所述计算机程序时，实现如权利要求1-9任一 项所述的开关电源的启动方法的步骤。
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