WO2023017679A1 - 量子回路、量子計算素子、量子計算システム、及び量子計算方法 - Google Patents
量子回路、量子計算素子、量子計算システム、及び量子計算方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to quantum circuits, quantum computing elements, quantum computing systems, and quantum computing methods.
- reservoir computing As a machine learning method, there is a method called reservoir computing that uses a neural network with an input layer, a reservoir layer, and an output layer.
- the reservoir layer in reservoir computing is a recursive neural network with random connections.
- the reservoir layer is a network circuit with nonlinear response.
- Non-Patent Document 1 shows that a reservoir layer can be constructed by a physical phenomenon in a laser-based or spin-based physical reservoir device. Reservoir computing performed by constructing a reservoir layer using physical reservoir devices in this way is called physical reservoir computing.
- a continuous signal is input to the input layer, and a continuous signal is output from the output layer through the nonlinear response in the reservoir layer.
- Learning in physical reservoir computing discretizes the input signal and the readout signal from the output layer, and updates the weights of the linear combinations of the reservoir layer and the output layer to correct the values of the discretized signal. done.
- the reservoir layer be a highly nonlinear dynamical system.
- the dynamic system has a high degree of freedom.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a quantum circuit, a quantum computing element, a quantum computing system, and a quantum computing method that enable physical reservoir computing with high learning efficiency.
- a quantum circuit includes a plurality of superconducting lines that form a quantum bit according to an electromagnetic state and interact with each other; A plurality of first lines each configured to receive an input signal individually, and a plurality of second lines electromagnetically coupled to each of the plurality of superconducting lines. and a plurality of readout circuits electromagnetically coupled to each of the plurality of superconducting lines, wherein each readout circuit is configured to be capable of outputting a readout signal based on the state of the qubit of the corresponding superconducting line , and a plurality of readout circuits.
- the input signal is individually input to each first line. Based on the input signal, each first line controls the state of the qubit of the corresponding superconducting line. The interaction of each superconducting line changes the state of the qubit of each superconducting line.
- the readout signal from the readout circuit is a signal based on the state resulting from the state of the qubit of the superconducting line being changed based on the input signal.
- the readout signal is not a signal obtained by superimposing the input signals, but a non-linear signal.
- the input signal is individually input to each first line, so by associating the input signal with each of the plurality of parameters, the degree of freedom in the quantum circuit as a physical reservoir device can be increased. In physical reservoir computing using the quantum circuit of the above aspect, nonlinearity can be increased by increasing the degree of freedom. Therefore, the quantum circuit enables physical reservoir computing with high learning efficiency.
- a quantum computing element according to another aspect of the present invention has the quantum circuit of the aspect described above. According to this, quantum computing elements enable physical reservoir computing with high learning efficiency.
- the quantum computing element may further have a quantum circuit different from the quantum circuit of the above aspect.
- the quantum computing element can be used for a plurality of computational purposes by switching between the quantum circuit of the above aspect and a different quantum circuit according to the computational purpose.
- a quantum computing system includes a quantum computing element according to the above aspect, and a controller configured to supply an input signal to the quantum computing element and acquire a readout signal from the quantum computing element. And prepare. Thereby, physical reservoir computing is controlled by the control device, and physical reservoir computing with high learning efficiency becomes possible.
- the quantum computing system of the above aspect further comprises a signal generating device communicatively connected to the controller and generating a first signal, wherein the controller supplies an input signal based on the first signal to the quantum computing element.
- a signal generating device communicatively connected to the controller and generating a first signal, wherein the controller supplies an input signal based on the first signal to the quantum computing element.
- the signal generation device supplies, for example, a signal based on a signal from a device such as a sensor to the quantum computing element, learning and inference are performed using the signal from the device such as a sensor on the edge side in the system. Enables physical reservoir computing.
- the quantum computing element is the first quantum computing element
- the controller is the first controller
- the quantum computing system includes the second quantum computing element and the computation in the second quantum computing element.
- a second control device configured to control the first control device or the second control device, which is communicatively connected to the first control device and the second control device, and transmits an element selection signal indicating a quantum computing element that performs quantum computation to the first control device or the second control device.
- a computation manager configured to feed the device.
- the quantum computation system By supplying an element selection signal so that the computation management device selects a quantum computation element according to the content of computation processing, the quantum computation system becomes a system that can utilize the computation results of multiple quantum computation elements.
- an input signal is applied to each of a plurality of first lines electromagnetically coupled to each of a plurality of superconducting lines constituting a quantum bit according to an electromagnetic state. is individually supplied, and from each readout circuit of a plurality of readout circuits electromagnetically coupled to each of the plurality of superconducting lines, readout based on the state of the qubit of the corresponding superconducting line A signal is output.
- outputting the readout signal may include outputting a readout signal that is a continuous signal.
- a readout signal that is a continuous signal.
- supplying the input signal individually may include supplying the input signal to each of the first lines in a number smaller than the number of readout circuits that output the readout signal. good. This enables physical reservoir computing using a delay network type physical reservoir unit.
- supplying the input signal individually may include supplying the input signal to each of the first lines, the number of which is greater than the number of readout circuits that output the readout signal. good. This enables physical reservoir computing using a continuous media type physical reservoir.
- individually supplying the input signal may include supplying the input signal to each first line at a timing different from that of the other first lines.
- supplying the input signals individually may include supplying the input signals to each first line with a signal waveform different from that of the other first lines. good. As a result, it becomes possible to configure a physical reservoir section having both nonlinearity of the delay network and the continuous medium type, and the efficiency of learning is improved.
- supplying the input signals individually includes supplying the input signals to at least one first line
- outputting the readout signals includes supplying the input signals to the at least one first line.
- An input signal is supplied to at least one first line, and a readout signal is output from a readout circuit in which the first line is electromagnetically coupled to the corresponding superconducting line, thereby enabling computation by quantum annealing. Therefore, in the above quantum computing method, computation by quantum annealing is possible in addition to physical reservoir computing.
- the quantum computing method of the above aspect may further include individually supplying the adjustment signal to each of the plurality of second lines electromagnetically coupled to each of the plurality of superconducting lines. This makes it possible to finely adjust the state of the qubit in the superconducting line, and to finely adjust the nonlinearity of the readout signal with respect to the input signal.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a quantum circuit, a quantum computing element, a quantum computing system, and a quantum computing method that enable physical reservoir computing with high learning efficiency.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between an input signal and a readout signal in the quantum computing element according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the concept of an input signal and a readout signal in the quantum computing element according to the first embodiment;
- 4 is a flowchart of processing in the control device according to the first embodiment; It is a figure explaining the operation example of the quantum computing system which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure explaining another example of operation of the quantum computing system concerning a 1st embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a quantum computing system 10 according to the first embodiment.
- a quantum computing system 10 has a quantum circuit 100 and a control device 200 .
- a quantum computing system 10 is a system in which a quantum circuit 100 is controlled by a control device 200 to perform quantum computing.
- the quantum circuit 100 has superconducting lines 101, 102, 103, 104, variable couplers C13, C23, C14, C24, and readout circuits R1, R2, R3, R4. Quantum circuit 100 is cooled below the superconducting transition temperature of the materials forming superconducting lines 101, 102, 103, 104, variable couplers C13, C23, C14, C24, and readout circuits R1, R2, R3, R4. used as is. Therefore, the quantum computing system 10 has a mechanism (not shown) for cooling the quantum circuit 100 .
- Each of the superconducting lines 101, 102, 103, 104 constitutes a quantum bit according to its electromagnetic state. Specifically, the quantum state of the qubit is represented by the direction of circulation of the current flowing through the superconducting line.
- superconducting lines 101 and 102 are arranged horizontally, and superconducting lines 103 and 104 are arranged vertically.
- a line L11 (first line) for applying a horizontal magnetic field to the superconducting line 101 is electromagnetically coupled to the superconducting line 101 .
- Line L11 receives input signals from control device 200 individually.
- Line L11 has a line portion facing a portion of superconducting line 101, and is electromagnetically coupled to superconducting line 101 by the line portion.
- the locations where a part of the superconducting line and other members are electromagnetically coupled are illustrated by rectangles in the superconducting lines 101 , 102 , 103 and 104 .
- facing means that a part of the superconducting line and a part of the line L11 overlap in plan view.
- a line L21 (second line) for applying a self-magnetic field to the superconducting line 101 is electromagnetically coupled to the superconducting line 101.
- Line L21 has a line portion facing a portion of superconducting line 101, and is electromagnetically coupled to superconducting line 101 by the line portion.
- the lines L11 and L21 are connected to the control device 200.
- the energy state of superconducting line 101 is controlled by applying a magnetic field controlled by controller 200 to superconducting line 101 through lines L11 and L21.
- the superconducting line 101 is provided with a readout circuit R1 for reading the state of the quantum bit of the superconducting line 101.
- the readout circuit R1 has a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID).
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a superconducting quantum interferometer R11.
- Readout circuit R1 is connected to control device 200 through a line.
- magnetic flux is applied to superconducting quantum interferometer R11 based on a signal from control device 200.
- FIG. Readout circuit R1 outputs a readout signal based on the state of the quantum bit of superconducting line 101 to control device 200 by the interaction between the applied magnetic flux and superconducting line 101 .
- the superconducting line 102 is provided with lines L12 and L22 and a readout circuit R2. Similar to the superconducting line 101, the superconducting line 103 is provided with lines L13 and L23 and a readout circuit R3. Similar to the superconducting line 101, the superconducting line 104 is provided with lines L14 and L24 and a readout circuit R4.
- Variable coupler C13 includes a ring portion facing superconducting line 101 and superconducting line 103 without contact, and causes superconducting line 101 and superconducting line 103 to interact with each other by electromagnetic induction. The strength of interaction can be adjusted accordingly.
- variable coupler C23 causes the superconducting lines 102 and 103 to interact with each other by electromagnetic induction.
- variable coupler C14 causes the superconducting lines 101 and 104 to interact with each other by electromagnetic induction.
- variable coupler C24 causes the superconducting lines 102 and 104 to interact with each other by electromagnetic induction.
- the variable coupler may be provided so as to allow any set of the superconducting lines 101, 102, 103, 104 to interact with each other.
- the number of variable couplers need not be four as shown in FIG. 1, and the number can be adjusted as appropriate.
- the number of superconducting lines is four in the quantum circuit 100, the number is not limited to four, and a configuration using more lines may be used. Along with this, the number of first lines, second lines, and readout circuits also increases.
- the control device 200 is a computer that causes the quantum circuit 100 to perform quantum computation.
- the control device 200 includes ROM, RAM, CPU, and the like.
- the control device 200 executes processing for controlling quantum computation in the quantum circuit 100 by the CPU executing a program stored in the control device 200 .
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an example of a readout signal output from a certain readout circuit when an input signal is input to a certain superconducting line in the quantum circuit 100 .
- the horizontal axis is the magnitude of the input signal, and the input signal is expressed as a current value.
- An input signal in the form of current is converted into magnetic flux through the line and input to the superconducting line.
- the state of the quantum bit of each superconducting line changes according to the interaction between superconducting lines 101, 102, 103, and 104.
- FIG. The readout signal on the vertical axis is acquired as a current value corresponding to the state of the corresponding quantum bit of the superconducting line.
- the readout signal does not necessarily increase as the input signal increases. That is, in the quantum circuit 100, the readout signal does not change linearly with respect to the input signal, but changes nonlinearly.
- FIG. 3 shows a diagram for explaining the concept of signal input and readout.
- magnetic flux as an input signal is supplied to the superconducting line through the first line over a period of time.
- the magnetic flux here is controlled by the current value, as described above.
- Magnetic flux as an input signal is continuously supplied to the superconducting line to change the state of the qubits of the superconducting line.
- the readout signal output by the readout circuit is output as a continuous signal that varies nonlinearly with time according to the interaction between the superconducting lines in the quantum circuit 100 .
- FIG. 3 exemplifies the input signal as a signal that saturates the magnetic flux intensity, it may be a non-linear curve. Even in this case, the readout signal is output as a continuous signal that changes nonlinearly with time according to the interaction between the superconducting lines in the quantum circuit 100 .
- quantum circuit 100 outputs a nonlinear readout signal corresponding to the input signal.
- quantum circuit 100 can function as a physical reservoir in physical reservoir computing.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing an example of a process in which the control device 200 controls computation in the quantum circuit 100.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing an example of a process in which the control device 200 controls computation in the quantum circuit 100.
- step S401 the control device 200 selects the first line that supplies the input signal.
- the control device 200 acquires, for example, information designating the calculation mode in the quantum circuit 100 from an external device, and selects the first line based on the information.
- the control device 200 selects a readout circuit that acquires the readout signal.
- the control device 200 acquires information specifying the calculation mode in the quantum circuit 100 from an external device, and selects a readout circuit based on the information.
- the control device 200 supplies an input signal to the selected first line. Specifically, the control device 200 supplies current to the first line for controlling the magnetic flux applied to the superconducting line corresponding to the selected first line.
- step S404 the control device 200 supplies an adjustment signal to the second line corresponding to the first line. Specifically, the control device 200 supplies current to the second line for controlling the magnetic flux supplied to the superconducting line through the second line corresponding to the selected first line. Note that the processing in step S404 may be omitted, and the control device 200 may supply current only to the first line.
- the control device 200 acquires a readout signal from the selected readout circuit. Specifically, the control device 200 applies a magnetic flux to the superconducting quantum interferometer corresponding to the selected readout circuit, and acquires a readout signal as a current signal from the superconducting quantum interferometer.
- control device 200 may select the second line instead of the first line in step S401. In this case, the control device 200 may supply the adjustment signal to the second line instead of the first line in step S403. Finally, the control device 200 may supply the input signal to the first line corresponding to the second line instead of the second line in step S404. Note that the control device 200 may supply current only to the second line. Even when the second line is selected, reading in step S405 is similarly possible.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a first specific example.
- the line L13 corresponding to the superconducting line 103 is selected as the input signal supply destination, and the readout circuit R3 corresponding to the superconducting line 103 and the readout circuit R4 corresponding to the superconducting line 104 acquire the readout signal.
- the original selected situation is indicated.
- the readout signal from the readout circuit R3 and the readout signal from the readout circuit R4 become different signals due to interactions in the superconducting lines 101, 102, 103, and 104.
- the input signal can be supplied to each first line in a number smaller than the number of readout circuits that output the readout signal.
- the quantum circuit 100 functions as a delay network type physical reservoir unit capable of outputting a plurality of readout signals having nonlinearity with respect to one input signal.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows a second specific example.
- the lines L11, L12, L13, and L14 corresponding to the superconducting lines 101, 102, 103, and 104 are selected as input signal supply destinations, and the readout circuit R2 corresponding to the superconducting line 102 supplies the readout signal.
- the status selected as the acquisition source is indicated.
- the readout signal from the readout circuit R2 is a signal corresponding to the interaction in the superconducting lines 101, 102, 103, and 104.
- the input signal can be supplied to the first lines in a number that is greater than the number of readout circuits that output the readout signal.
- the quantum circuit 100 functions as a continuous-medium physical reservoir that can output at least one readout signal having nonlinearity with respect to a plurality of input signals.
- control device 200 can supply signals having the same signal waveform to the lines L11, L12, L13, and L14 at different timings.
- the readout signal from the readout circuit R2 contains nonlinearity based on the input signal with time delay in addition to the nonlinearity due to the interaction in the superconducting lines 101, 102, 103, 104, resulting in higher nonlinearity. becomes a readout signal having This makes it possible to further increase the nonlinearity of the readout signal.
- control device 200 may supply each of the lines L11, L12, L13, and L14 with an input signal having a signal waveform different from that of the other lines.
- the readout signal from the readout circuit R2 includes nonlinearity due to different magnitudes of the input signals in addition to the nonlinearity due to the interaction in the superconducting lines 101, 102, 103, and 104, resulting in higher nonlinearity. It becomes a readout signal having a property. This makes it possible to further increase the nonlinearity of the readout signal.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows a third specific example.
- lines L11, L12, L13, and L14 corresponding to superconducting lines 101, 102, 103, and 104 are selected as input signal supply destinations, and readout signals corresponding to superconducting lines 101, 102, 103, and 104 are selected.
- a situation is shown in which the circuits R1, R2, R3, R4 are selected as the source of the read signal.
- the state of each quantum bit of the superconducting lines 101, 102, 103, 104 is individually set.
- the states of the individual qubits are set based on input signals provided on lines L11, L12, L13, L14 and adjustment signals provided on lines L21, L22, L23, L24.
- Readout signals resulting from the interaction are output from readout circuits corresponding to the superconducting lines 101, 102, 103, and 104, respectively. Therefore, the quantum circuit 100 is Computations can be performed by quantum annealing.
- quantum circuit 100 can be a physical reservoir device that enables physical reservoir computing and a quantum annealing device that enables computation by quantum annealing.
- the quantum circuit 100 is illustrated as having two superconducting lines 101 and 102 arranged in the horizontal direction and two superconducting lines 103 and 104 arranged in the vertical direction, the superconducting lines The number and arrangement of are not limited to those illustrated.
- the quantum circuit may have four superconducting lines arranged in the horizontal direction and four superconducting lines arranged in the vertical direction.
- the state of the quantum bits of some of the eight superconducting lines may be set, and the state of the quantum bits after annealing may be read.
- the superconducting lines used are chosen according to the Hamiltonian that describes the problem to be solved by the quantum circuit.
- the quantum circuit in this embodiment is used for quantum annealing, the quantum circuit may use some of the superconducting lines or all of the superconducting lines.
- the quantum circuit has a plurality of unit cells each having two superconducting lines arranged in the horizontal direction and two superconducting lines arranged in the vertical direction, and the unit cells are electromagnetically connected to each other.
- the unit cell may have four superconducting lines arranged in the horizontal direction and four superconducting lines arranged in the vertical direction.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a quantum computing element 800 according to the second embodiment.
- a quantum circuit 100 and a quantum circuit 801 are provided in the quantum computing element 800 .
- the quantum circuit 801 may be a quantum circuit different from the quantum circuit 100 in the number of superconducting lines and the coupling method of the variable coupler.
- a single chip can perform a plurality of quantum computations.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a quantum computing system 10A according to the third embodiment.
- the quantum computing system 10A has control devices 200 and 902, a computation management device 901, a signal generation device 903, dilution refrigerators 2001 and 9021, and quantum computation elements 2002 and 9022.
- the quantum circuit 100 is formed in a quantum computing element 2002 arranged inside a dilution refrigerator 2001 .
- control devices 200 and 902, the calculation management device 901, and the signal generation device 903 are connected to each other through the network N so as to be able to communicate with each other.
- the computation management device 901 is a computer that manages computation in the quantum computing system 10A by executing processing for selecting quantum computation elements that perform quantum computation.
- the control device 902 is a computer that controls quantum computation using the quantum computing element 9022 arranged inside the dilution refrigerator 9021 .
- Quantum computing element 9022 performs a different kind of quantum computation than quantum computing element 2002 .
- the quantum computing element 2002 has the quantum circuit 100, it performs quantum computation by the annealing method, whereas the quantum computing element 9022 can perform quantum computation by the gate method or the quantum dot method.
- the quantum computing system 10A uses the dilution refrigerator 9021, a refrigerator of a different type from the dilution refrigerator may be used.
- the signal generation device 903 is, for example, a computer that generates a signal based on a signal from an external sensor (not shown). A signal generated by the signal generation device 903 is transmitted to the calculation management device 901 .
- the computation management device 901 Based on the signal from the signal generation device 903, the computation management device 901 selects a suitable quantum computation element for processing the signal.
- the computation management device 901 transmits an element selection signal indicating a quantum computation element that performs quantum computation to the control device 200 or the control device 902 according to the selection result.
- the control device 200 or the control device 902 that has received the element selection signal controls quantum computation by the corresponding quantum computing element 2002 or quantum computing element 9022 .
- the signal generation device 903 can transmit a signal to the computation management device 901 based on a signal from a device such as a sensor on the edge side. This enables physical reservoir computing while making it possible to utilize the calculation results of a plurality of quantum computing elements. It also enables physical reservoir computing using signals from devices such as sensors on the edge side.
- the control device 902 controls the quantum computation by the quantum computing element 9022 as an example, but the control target by the control device 902 is not limited to the quantum computing element 9022.
- the control device 902 can control a quantum computer that uses light, a pseudo-quantum computer realized using FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or CMOS circuits, a computer that performs conventional classical arithmetic, or a supercomputer. may be used.
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Abstract
Description
第1実施形態について説明する。図1には、第1実施形態に係る量子計算システム10の概略図が示される。量子計算システム10は、量子回路100及び制御装置200を有する。量子計算システム10は、量子回路100が制御装置200により制御されて量子計算を行うシステムである。
相互作用の強さは、適宜調整され得る。
この場合でも、読出信号は、量子回路100における超伝導線路間の相互作用に応じて、時間的に非線形な変化をする連続信号として出力される。
最後に、制御装置200は、ステップS404における第2線路に代えて、第2線路が対応する第1線路に入力信号を供給してもよい。なお、制御装置200は第2線路にのみ電流を供給するようにしてもよい。第2線路が選択されるような場合でも、同様にステップS405における読出は可能である。
よって、量子回路100は。量子アニーリングによる計算を実行することができる。このように、量子回路100は、物理リザバーコンピューティングを可能にする物理リザバーデバイスであり、量子アニーリングによる計算を可能にする量子アニーリングデバイスであり得る。
この場合、8つの超伝導線路のうち、一部の超伝導線路の量子ビットの状態が設定され、当該量子ビットのアニーリング後の状態が読み出されてもよい。使用される超伝導線路は、量子回路によって解決される問題を表現するハミルトニアンに応じて選択される。本実施形態における量子回路を量子アニーリングに用いる場合、量子回路では、一部の超伝導線路が使用されても良く、全ての超伝導線路が使用されてもよい。
第2実施形態について説明する。図8には第2実施形態に係る量子計算素子800の模式図が示される。量子計算素子800には、量子回路100と量子回路801とが設けられる。量子回路801は量子回路100とは超伝導線路の本数や、可変結合器の結合のさせ方が異なる量子回路であり得る。このように、一つの量子計算素子800に複数の量子回路を設けることにより、単一のチップによって、複数の量子計算が可能となる。
第3実施形態について説明する。図9には第3実施形態に係る量子計算システム10Aの模式図が示される。量子計算システム10Aは、制御装置200,902、計算管理装置901、信号生成装置903、希釈冷凍機2001,9021、及び量子計算素子2002,9022を有する。ここでは、量子回路100は、希釈冷凍機2001内に配置される量子計算素子2002に形成されている。
Claims (14)
- 電磁的状態によって量子ビットを構成し、相互作用を及ぼし合う複数の超伝導線路と、
前記複数の超伝導線路のそれぞれに電磁的に結合される複数の第1線路であって、各第1線路は、入力信号を個別に受信可能に構成された、複数の第1線路と、
前記複数の超伝導線路のそれぞれに電磁的に結合される複数の第2線路と、
前記複数の超伝導線路のそれぞれに電磁的に結合される複数の読出回路であって、各読出回路は、対応する超伝導線路の前記量子ビットの状態に基づく読出信号を出力可能に構成された、複数の読出回路と、
を備える、量子回路。 - 請求項1に記載の量子回路を有する、量子計算素子。
- 請求項2に記載の量子計算素子であって、
前記量子回路とは異なる量子回路をさらに有する、量子計算素子。 - 請求項2又は3に記載の量子計算素子と、
前記量子計算素子に前記入力信号を供給し、前記量子計算素子から前記読出信号を取得するように構成された、制御装置と、
を備える、量子計算システム。 - 請求項4に記載の量子計算システムであって、
前記制御装置と通信可能に接続され、第1信号を生成する信号生成装置、をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記第1信号に基づく前記入力信号を前記量子計算素子に供給するように構成される、量子計算システム。 - 請求項4又は5に記載の量子計算システムであって、
前記量子計算素子は第1量子計算素子であり、前記制御装置は第1制御装置であり、
第2量子計算素子と、
前記第2量子計算素子における計算を制御するように構成された第2制御装置と、
前記第1制御装置及び前記第2制御装置と通信可能に接続され、量子計算を行う量子計算素子を示す素子選択信号を前記第1制御装置又は前記第2制御装置に供給するように構成された、計算管理装置と、をさらに備える、量子計算システム。 - 電磁的状態によって量子ビットを構成する複数の超伝導線路のそれぞれに電磁的に結合される複数の第1線路の各第1線路に、入力信号が個別に供給されることと、
前記複数の超伝導線路のそれぞれに電磁的に結合される複数の読出回路の各読出回路から、対応する超伝導線路の前記量子ビットの状態に基づいて、読出信号が出力されることと、
を含む、量子計算方法。 - 請求項7に記載の量子計算方法であって、
前記読出信号が出力されることは、連続信号である前記読出信号が出力されること、を含む、量子計算方法。 - 請求項7又は8に記載の量子計算方法であって、
前記入力信号が個別に供給されることは、前記読出信号を出力する読出回路の数よりも少ない数の各第1線路に、前記入力信号が供給されること、を含む、量子計算方法。 - 請求項7又は8に記載の量子計算方法であって、
前記入力信号が個別に供給されることは、前記読出信号を出力する読出回路の数よりも多い数の各第1線路に、前記入力信号が供給されること、を含む、量子計算方法。 - 請求項7から10のいずれか一項に記載の量子計算方法であって、
前記入力信号が個別に供給されることは、各第1線路に、前記入力信号が他の第1線路とは異なるタイミングで供給されること、を含む、量子計算方法。 - 請求項7から11のいずれか一項に記載の量子計算方法であって、
前記入力信号が個別に供給されることは、各第1線路に、前記入力信号が他の第1線路とは異なる信号波形を有して供給されること、を含む、量子計算方法。 - 請求項7から12のいずれか一項に記載の量子計算方法であって、
前記入力信号が個別に供給されることは、少なくとも1つの前記第1線路に前記入力信号が供給されることを含み、
前記読出信号が出力されることは、前記入力信号が供給された少なくとも1つの前記第1線路に対応する前記超伝導線路に電磁的に結合される前記読出回路から前記読出信号が出力されること、を含む、量子計算方法。 - 請求項7から13のいずれか一項に記載の量子計算方法であって、
前記複数の超伝導線路のそれぞれに電磁的に結合される複数の各第2線路に、調整信号が個別に供給されること、をさらに含む、量子計算方法。
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