WO2023016873A1 - Cadres pour système d'évaporation et de condensation à effets multiples - Google Patents

Cadres pour système d'évaporation et de condensation à effets multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023016873A1
WO2023016873A1 PCT/EP2022/071730 EP2022071730W WO2023016873A1 WO 2023016873 A1 WO2023016873 A1 WO 2023016873A1 EP 2022071730 W EP2022071730 W EP 2022071730W WO 2023016873 A1 WO2023016873 A1 WO 2023016873A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frame
central section
hole
vapor
frames
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/071730
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Heinzl
Tobias HEINZL
Original Assignee
Wolfgang Heinzl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wolfgang Heinzl filed Critical Wolfgang Heinzl
Publication of WO2023016873A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023016873A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/06—Flash distillation
    • B01D3/065—Multiple-effect flash distillation (more than two traps)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface
    • B01D1/221—Composite plate evaporators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
    • B01D1/305—Demister (vapour-liquid separation)

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to the field of treatment and purification of liquids such as for example wastewater and more particularly, it relates to various frames for a multi effect evaporation and condensation system and a multi effect evaporation and condensation system with a plurality of such frames.
  • CMOS Multi- Stage-Flash
  • ME evaporation and condensation systems are characterized in that for the distillate production, vapor condenses on a surface of a heat conductive element such as a foil.
  • the foil transfers the condensation heat to the opposite side of the foil and the condensation heat produces new vapor. Consequently, vapor on a first side of the foil directly produces other vapor on a second side of the foil.
  • MSF evaporation and condensation systems are characterized in that for the distillate production, vapor condenses on a surface of a heat conductive element such as a foil. The foil transfers the condensation heat to the opposite side of the foil and preheats the water to be treated.
  • the water to be treated is further preheated by, e.g., a heat exchanger, and then flows into an evaporation-condensation unit of the MSF evaporation and condensation system where it at least partly evaporates. Consequently, vapor on a first side of the foil does not directly produce other vapor on a second side of the foil, but only preheats the water to be treated which is evaporated in a subsequent stage.
  • a heat exchanger e.g., a heat exchanger
  • ME evaporation and condensation systems and MSF evaporation and condensation systems comprise multiple evaporationcondensation units.
  • An evaporation-condensation unit is characterized by a certain temperature and pressure level which differs from the temperature and pressure level of another evaporation-condensation unit of that system.
  • An evaporation and condensation unit is also referred to as an effect of the evaporation and condensation system (ME or MSF).
  • Plastic based ME and MSF evaporation and condensation systems which comprise multiple frames which are stacked together to form a unit of the evaporation and condensation system.
  • Such systems use a thin membrane, which is arranged between two frames of the system, to filter vapor.
  • the vapor passes the membrane in stacking direction of the frames.
  • the membrane is a thin film which allows vapor to pass through but hinder droplets to pass through.
  • the quality of the distillate may be increased as the vapor is free of (wastewater) droplets.
  • Prior art document WO 2005/089914 Al discloses a ME evaporation and condensation system with a microporous, hydrophobic membrane.
  • a stream of liquid containing the relevant solution is delimited on at least one side by the microporous, hydrophobic membrane.
  • Part of the liquid from the stream of liquid that comes into contact with the membrane is evaporated and the resultant vapor passes through said membrane into a vapor channel, in which the absolute pressure lies below the ambient pressure at all points.
  • a vapor- and liquid-proof condensation partition which is separated from the membrane by the vapor channel, is used, whereby vapor condense at least partially on said partition.
  • the side of the condensation partition facing away from the vapor channel comes into contact again with a stream of liquid containing the relevant solution, the opposite side of said stream being delimited by the microporous, hydrophobic membrane in such a way that the condensation energy that is supplied to the stream of liquid is reconverted at least partially into evaporation energy.
  • EP 0 046 528 Al discloses a heat-engineering apparatus for carrying out thermo-dynamical processes comprising a pair of mutually opposite phase transitions of a work medium.
  • FR 2 239 268 Al refers to a multi-stage distillation apparatus comprising several stages.
  • the present disclosure is directed, at least in part, to improving or overcoming one or more aspects of known ME evaporation and condensation systems. Especially, it is an object of the present disclosure to provide an effective and reliable ME evaporation and condensation system with a wide range of applications.
  • the present disclosure relates to a frame configured to be used in an evaporation-condensation unit of a membrane-less multi-effect evaporation and condensation system.
  • the frame has a front side and a back side and comprises, viewed in a front view, a circumferential section, a central section and an intermediate section.
  • the circumferential section is configured to provide mechanical stability to the frame.
  • the central section is surrounded by the circumferential section and has an upper side, a lower side, a left side and a right side.
  • the central section is configured to allow flow of a feed from the left side to the right side of the central section and vice versa.
  • the central section is configured to allow flow of a vapor from the upper side of the central section towards the lower side of the central section and vice versa.
  • the intermediate section is arranged between the circumferential section and the central section.
  • the intermediate section comprises multiple through holes extending from the front side to the back side of the frame.
  • the multiple through holes comprise a first vapor through hole and a second vapor through hole arranged above the central section.
  • the multiple through holes further comprise a first feed through hole and a second feed through hole arranged below the central section.
  • the distillate through hole is arranged adjacent to the lower side of the central section.
  • the present disclosure relates to a membrane-less multi effect evaporation and condensation system comprising at least one evaporation-condensation unit with a stack of frames.
  • the stack of frames includes one or more first frames and one or more second frames. Between a first frame and a second frame a heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film is arranged such that it separates the central section of adjacent frames.
  • the first frame has a front side and a back side and comprises, viewed in a front view, a circumferential section, a central section and an intermediate section.
  • the circumferential section is configured to provide mechanical stability to the frame.
  • the central section is surrounded by the circumferential section and has an upper side, a lower side, a left side and a right side.
  • the central section is configured to allow flow of a feed from the left side to the right side of the central section and vice versa.
  • the central section is configured to allow flow of a vapor from the upper side to the lower side of the central section.
  • the intermediate section is arranged between the circumferential section and the central section.
  • the intermediate section comprises multiple through holes extending from the front side to the back side of the frame.
  • the multiple through holes comprise a first vapor through hole and a second vapor through hole arranged above the central section.
  • the multiple through holes further comprise a first feed through hole and a second feed through hole arranged below the central section.
  • the distillate through hole is arranged adjacent to the lower side of the central section.
  • the first vapor through hole and the second vapor through hole which are arranged above the central section may be arranged completely above the central section or alternatively may be arranged partly above the central section and partly beside the central section.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first vapor through hole and/or the second vapor through hole may be increased.
  • the first frame further comprises a first set of through hole connecting channels which fluidly connect the central section to the second vapor through hole by means of a vapor connecting channel and fluidly connects the central section to the distillate through hole by means of a distillate connecting channel.
  • the second frame comprises all features of the first frame with the exception of the first set of through hole connecting channels.
  • the second frame does not comprise the first set of through hole connecting channels.
  • the second frame comprises a second set of through hole connecting channels which fluidly connect the central section to the first vapor through hole by means of a vapor connecting channel.
  • the second set of through hole connecting channels fluidly connects the left lower portion to the first feed through hole and the right lower portion to the second feed through hole by means of feed connecting channels.
  • the membranes When using evaporation and condensation systems with membranes, the membranes may for example be wetted such that they lose their functionality. Also scaling and crystallization on the membrane can cause deterioration in the functionality of the membrane. As the evaporation and condensation system according to the present disclosure does not comprises membranes such problems may be avoided and the number of possible applications is increased.
  • a frame according to the present disclosure comprises a circumferential section, an intermediate section and a central section.
  • the circumferential section of the frame is configured to provide mechanical stability to the entire frame.
  • the circumferential section of the frame provides sufficient stability to the frame that the frame withstand the forces caused by the pressure differences inside of the frame and the ambient pressure outside the frame when the frame is installed in a ME evaporation and condensation system which is in operation.
  • the intermediate section comprises the multiple through holes in which the liquid and vapor flows.
  • the multiple through holes of the plurality of frames form multiple fluid channels in stacking direction in which feed, vapor, etc. may flow from one end of the stack of frames to the other end of the stack of frames.
  • the evaporation and condensation system combines the advantages of the energy efficient multi effect process with the advantages of an individually configurable modular system.
  • An evaporation-condensation unit of an evaporation and condensation system according to the present disclosure requires only two different types of frames.
  • the (basic) frame is designed to be modular. Modular means that the basic design of the frame can be adapted by providing a first set or a second set of through hole connecting channels. By providing the first set of through hole connecting channels, the frame is configured to be a so called condensation frame. By providing the second set of through hole connecting channels, the frame is configured to be a so called evaporation frame.
  • At least one of such a condensation frame and at least one of such an evaporation frame are stacked together to form the stack of frames of an evaporation-condensation unit of a membrane-less multi-effect evaporation and condensation system according to the present disclosure.
  • the condensation frame is characterized in that it comprises a first set of through hole connecting channels which fluidly connect the central section to the second vapor through hole by means of a vapor connecting channel and the central section to the distillate through hole by means of a distillate connecting channel.
  • the evaporation frame is characterized in that it comprises a second set of through hole connecting channels which fluidly connects the left lower portion to the first feed through hole and the right lower portion to the second feed through hole by means of feed connecting channels.
  • An evaporation-condensation unit further comprises a cover and configuration plate at the beginning and the end of the stack of frames.
  • the cover and configuration plate is configured to allow fluid to enter/exit the stack only at certain positions, such that some of the fluid channels within a stack of frames are blocked. Fluid channels are formed by the through holes of the frames in stacking direction.
  • the cover and configuration plate may for example be a flat body which has approximately the same dimensions as the modular frame.
  • the flat body comprises through holes that are arranged such that some of the fluid channels are blocked by the cover and configuration plate.
  • the cover and configuration plate may for example comprise the same basic design as the modular frame. In contrary to the modular frame, some of the through holes as well as the central section are closed.
  • Such exemplary embodiment may be advantageous in terms of manufacturing as -for example with injection molding- the basic design of the frame may be manufactured in which the presence of through holes and the central section is modified.
  • the central section of a cover and configuration plate may be closed with a heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film which covers the central section on both sides.
  • Evaporation and condensation systems usually will comprise multiple of such evaporation-condensation units which may differ in number and arrangement of frames.
  • evaporation and condensation systems will comprise external periphery devices such as for example an external heat source and a vacuum pump.
  • the frame is manufactured as a single injection molded part.
  • the frame is made of plastic. All polymers that can be processed by injection molding may be used as material for the frame, e.g., PE, PP, PVDF.
  • the frame has a width of 550 - 950 mm, preferably 700 - 800 mm.
  • the frame has a height of 700 -1300 mm, preferably 850 - 1100 mm.
  • the frame has a depth of 3 - 10 mm, preferably 4.5 - 8 mm.
  • frames with the same basic construction are used within a stack of frames.
  • the same basic construction allows that flow channels with a uniform cross-sectional area are formed by the multiple through holes of the frames within the stack.
  • the same basic construction is advantageous in terms of manufacturing. For example, it is possible to use the same injection mold for all frames of the evaporation-condensation unit, wherein the injection mold may be modified by using insertion parts for the cavity regarding the different configurations of the frame.
  • the frame comprises a first distillate through hole on the left side of the central section and a second distillate through hole on the right side of the central section.
  • Such arrangement allows that distillate can flow from the first distillate through hole to the second distillate through hole by crossing the central section of the frame.
  • the distillate may be forced to cross the central section in order to flow out of the first or second distillate through hole.
  • the cover plate in this case includes only one distillate passage for the first distillate through hole on the left side of the central section or the second distillate through hole on the right side of the central section.
  • the central section comprises a level bar, fluidly separating a central section lower portion in a left lower portion and in a right lower portion.
  • the central section is configured to allow flow of a feed from the left lower portion above the level bar to the right lower portion and vice versa.
  • the central section is configured to allow flow of a feed from the left lower portion to the right lower portion and vice versa only when the feed level rises higher than the level bar. In that case, feed flows above the level bar from one central section lower portion to the other central section lower portion. Further, the central section allows the flow of a vapor from the top side of the central section towards the central section lower portion and vice versa.
  • the central section lower portion of the frame may be filled with feed, wherein the portion above the central section lower portion may be filled with vapor.
  • level bar is one option for controlling the feed level in the evaporation frame.
  • feed passages (holes) in the cover and configuration plates may be used as well to control the feed level in the evaporation frame.
  • the feed passages (holes) may function as a throttle for the feed flow.
  • the cross-sectional area of the central section lower portion comprises 10% to 75%, preferably 15% to 50%, more preferably 25% to 40% of the total cross- sectional area of the central section, viewed in a front view of the frame.
  • the height of the central section lower portion is set by the height of the level bar which separates the lower portion into a left lower portion and a right lower portion.
  • the setting of the height of the level bar may impact the effectiveness and the distillate quality of the evaporation and condensation system.
  • a configuration with the above identified ratio from the cross-sectional area of the central section lower portion to the total cross-sectional area of the central section has proven to be advantageous.
  • the level bar comprises a shortcut opening between the left lower portion and the right lower portion.
  • the shortcut opening is arranged adjacent to the lower side of the central section.
  • the shortcut opening allows particles to flow between the left lower portion and the right lower portion.
  • a shortcut opening allows to prevent the accumulation of sediments contained in the feed on the bottom of the central section.
  • sediments may leave the system together with the feed by passing through the shortcut opening such that no sediments accumulate on the bottom of the central section.
  • This function preferably refers to the evaporation frame.
  • the shortcut opening may function as connecting through hole between the left distillate through hole and the right distillate through hole allowing distillate to flow from the one of the through holes to the other.
  • the shortcut opening is positioned adjacent to the lower side of the central section and has a height of 1 mm to 15 mm, preferably from 2 mm to 8 mm.
  • the height of the shortcut opening is measured in the direction from the lower side to the upper side of the central section.
  • the shortcut opening extends over the entire depth of the central section, i.e. the extension direction corresponding to the stacking direction.
  • the frame further comprises a filter element in the first vapor through hole or the second vapor through hole.
  • the filter element is configured to separate droplets and foam from the vapor flowing through it.
  • the quality of the distillate may be improved.
  • the level bar is high compared to the height of the central section, many droplets may be included in the vapor.
  • the use of a filter element therefore may increase the quality of the distillate by separating the droplets from the vapor.
  • the filter element comprises a mesh made out of a polymer or metal.
  • any filter structure can be used which allows that vapor flows through it while droplets are hindered to flow through it.
  • a mash out of a polymer or metal can be sufficient. If the boiling feed tends to create foam as for example spent wash a more selective filter structure is needed.
  • This can for example be a filter cartridge with a pleated filter material out of a microporous, Polymer as expanded PTFE.
  • the droplet separator may comprise a mesh made out of metal, e.g. steel 1.4301, steel 1.4541, steel 1.4401, steel 1.4571, Monel, Nickel, Titan or Tantal with a specific surface of 150 - 600 m 2 /m 3 .
  • the droplet separator may comprise a mesh made out of polymer, e.g. PE, PP or PVC with a specific surface of 500 - 1100 m 2 /m 3 .
  • the droplet separator may retain droplets down to a droplet size of e.g. 2pm.
  • the droplet separators according to type T-01-M, T-02-M, T-03-M, T-10-M, T- 20-M, T-30-M, T-01-P, T-02-P, T-03-P offered by company “Veticae Fullkorper-Fabriken GmbH&Co. KG” at the time of filing the application regarding the present disclosure may be used as droplet separator according to the present disclosure.
  • droplet separator the following products available at the time of filing the application regarding the present disclosure may be used: wire mesh mist eliminator of company RVT, droplet separator made of PVC-U, PP, PPs, PE and PVDF (type series TA 125-2 / TA125-2-S, TA 125-2-A / TA 125-2-A-S) of company KWERK GmbH, wire mesh filter / droplet separator made of steel, galvanised steel, aluminium, stainless steels of all kinds, copper, plastics in fibres and threads (PP, PE, etc.) of company Bode Industrievertretung GmbH, or plastic wire mesh type DA of company SKT Schrupp GmbH.
  • wire mesh mist eliminator of company RVT droplet separator made of PVC-U, PP, PPs, PE and PVDF (type series TA 125-2 / TA125-2-S, TA 125-2-A / TA 125-2-A-S) of company KWERK GmbH
  • the droplet separator comprises a casing made of elastic plastic with an inlet at the bottom and an outlet at the top and a filter material within the casing.
  • the vapor to be filtered enters the casing through the inlet, passes the filter material and leaves the casing at the outlet.
  • the droplet separator may be provided without casing.
  • the central section comprises a grid with a plurality of flow channels configured to distribute water and vapor in the central section of the frame.
  • a grid is a simple construction which allows to distribute water and vapor in the central section.
  • the grid further may be used to support a heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film or a cover which is attached to the frame.
  • the grid may be formed by a plurality of flow channels.
  • a first group of the plurality of flow channels of the grid may extend in parallel from the upper side towards the lower side of the central section and a second group of the plurality of flow channels of the grid may extend in parallel from the left side towards the right side of the central section.
  • Fluid may be allowed to flow from the first group to the second group of the plurality of flow channels and vice versa.
  • the frame further comprises a reinforcement structure provided in a through hole of the multiple through holes, the reinforcement structure having a depth which extends over 25% to 75%, preferably over 40% to 60% of the frame depth from the front side to the back side of the frame, such that the remaining part of the frame depth is available as useable volume of the through hole.
  • the reinforcement structure may provide additional mechanical stability to the frame. In contrast to the circumferential section of the frame, the reinforcement structure has a width which does not extend over the full distance from the front side to the back side of the frame. Accordingly, part of the distance from the front side to the back side is available as useable volume.
  • the frame further comprises an internal frame which surrounds the central section and separates the intermediate section from the central section.
  • the internal frame may be fixed to the circumferential section of the frame by means of fixation bars.
  • the fixation bars having a S- shape or a multi S-shape.
  • the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film may for example be attached to the frame by means of sealing or gluing. Any method to fluidly tight connect the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film to the frame may be used.
  • the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film is made of plastic.
  • the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film is made of PE, PP, PVDF.
  • the thickness of the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film is in the range of 5 pm to 100 pm, preferably in the range of 10 pm to 20 pm.
  • the liquid and gas impermeable film according to this disclosure for example is made out of polypropylene.
  • liquid and gas impermeable film for example is provided by company PETROPLAST GmbH.
  • the liquid and gas impermeable film may for example have a water vapor permeability (38°C-90% RH) of 3-7 g/m 2 /24h (cf. data sheet of OPP - Coex-P of PETROPLAST GmbH dated 8. June 2015).
  • the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film may be attached on one side or on both sides of a frame.
  • the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film may be attached to the condensation frame and/or the evaporation frame.
  • the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film is attached to the multiple frames such that it covers the central section of the frame. In a stack formed of these frames, the central section of each frame is enclosed by two heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable films.
  • the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film may be attached to the internal frame of the frame which surrounds the central section.
  • a cover instead of a heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film may be attached such that it covers the central section. What has been said above for the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film in terms of arrangement and attachment to the frame applies likewise to the cover.
  • the evaporation frames and the condensation frames are arranged alternately side by side in stacking direction such that the front side of a first frame faces the back side of an adjacent second frame and the back side of a first frame faces the front side of an adjacent second frame.
  • the central sections of adjacent frames are separated by a heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film.
  • the level bars may have a constant height.
  • the level bars of the first frames at least partly have different heights with reference to different units.
  • the height of the level bars of the first frames may for example have a constant height within a unit but gradually decrease from unit to unit when viewed from one end of the system to the other end of the system in downstream direction, i.e. the flowing direction of the feed. Accordingly, the level bars of the first frames of the first unit (which is the first unit of the system the feed passes when viewed in downstream direction) are higher than the level bars of the first frames of the second unit (which is the second unit of the system the feed passes when viewed in downstream direction). Then, the level bars of the first frames of the second unit are higher than the level bars of the first frames of the third unit (which is the third unit of the system the feed passes when viewed in downstream direction) and so on.
  • Such a configuration may be advantageous regarding the increasing velocity of vapor in upstream direction of the vapor.
  • Downstream which is the direction from a hot to a colder effect, the volume of the vapor is increasing and the driving force, the pressure difference between the effects is decreasing.
  • the pressure difference, at the boiling points, between the effects is the reason that the water column in the evaporation frame is boiling.
  • the smaller the pressure difference the smaller is the height of the boiling water column. So the height of the level bar can be reduced.
  • a reduced height of the level bar ensures a better distillate quality, especially at the end of the process because of better droplet separation of the grid. Due to the increase of the vapor volume the number of frames can be increased from effect to effect to control the vapor velocity.
  • the stack of frames comprises a first distillate channel formed by the multiple distillate through holes on the left side of the central section and a second distillate channel formed by the multiple distillate through holes on the right side of the central section.
  • a first cover and configuration plate at the beginning of the stack of frames blocks the flow of distillate into or out of the first distillate channel and a second cover and configuration plate at the end of the stack of frames blocks the flow of distillate into or out of the second distillate channel.
  • the level bar preferably will comprise a shortcut opening to allow the distillate to pass from the left to the right side of the frame or vice versa.
  • the condensation frame can be completely without a level bar, but due to advantages of a standardised production, a level bar might be provided not only in the evaporation frame but in the condensation frame as well.
  • Such a configuration of cover plates allows a zic-zac flow of the distillate in multiple evaporation-condensation units. Due to this configuration, distillate has to cross the central section of the condensation frame as only the left respectively the right distillate channel is fluidly connected with a distillate channel of the next evaporation-condensation unit. Due to the crossing of the central section by the distillate, non-condensable gases may also be moved and flow with the distillate into the distillate channels. When the feed is heated, the non-condensable gases are released, flow with the vapor stream into the central area of the condensation frame and accumulate there. The non-condensable gases are heavier than vapor and accumulate in the lower portion of central section of the condensation frame. If the distillate flows from one side to the other (through a shortcut opening in the level bar) the non-condensable gases are also moved and flow with the distillate into the distillate channels.
  • the ME evaporation and condensation system further comprises a droplet separator unit which is fluidly connected with the at least one evaporationcondensation unit.
  • a droplet separator unit which is fluidly connected with the at least one evaporationcondensation unit.
  • two further configurations of the modular frame may be provided which may be stacked together and function as stack within a droplet separator unit.
  • the modularity of the basic frame allows to use the basic frame not only within an evaporation-condensation unit of a membrane-less ME evaporation and condensation system but also within a droplet separation unit.
  • the effectiveness of the evaporation-condensation system and the quality of the distillate can be improved.
  • the frame By providing a drainage through-hole and the third set of through hole connecting channels, the frame is configured to be a so called droplet separator inlet frame.
  • the frame By providing a drainage through-hole and the fourth set of through hole connecting channels, the frame is configured to be a so called droplet separator outlet frame. At least one of such a droplet separator inlet frame and at least one of such a droplet separator outlet frame are stacked together to form the stack of a droplet separator unit.
  • the stack of the droplet separator unit comprises a cover and configuration plate at the beginning and the end.
  • the cover and configuration plate is configured to allow fluid to enter/exit the stack of frames of the droplet separator unit only at certain positions, such that some of the fluid channels within the stack of frames are blocked by the cover and configuration plate.
  • a cover may be arranged such that it separates the central section from adjacent frames.
  • Such cover is optional.
  • the structure of the central section of the frame may be sufficient to filter the vapor such that no cover is needed.
  • a cover may be provided between adjacent frames such that it separates the central sections from the adjacent frames.
  • the cover may for example be a grid, a non-woven or a mesh.
  • the minimum size of a droplet separator unit is a stack out of two frames, namely one droplet separator inlet frame followed by one droplet separator outlet frame.
  • third frames and fourth frames are arranged alternately side by side in stacking direction such that the front side of a third frame faces the back side of an adjacent fourth frame and the back side of a third frame faces the front side of an adjacent fourth frame.
  • the membrane-less multi-effect evaporation and condensation system further comprises a mechanical vapor recompressor mounted outside the at least one evaporation-condensation unit receiving the generated vapor from the at least one evaporation-condensation unit, increasing the pressure and temperature of the received vapor and feeding back the vapor with high pressure and temperature to the at least one evaporation-condensation unit.
  • the vapor is raised to a higher pressure and higher temperature by the vapor recompressor.
  • the vapor is raised to a higher energy level and then fed back into one of the evaporation-condensation units of the ME evaporation and condensation system.
  • the energy contained in the vapor is not lost in the process, only the energy to raise the pressure/temperature is required.
  • the vapor recompressor may receive and feed back the vapor out of the same evaporation-condensation unit or may receive vapor from a second (downstream) evaporation-condensation unit and feed back the vapor to a first evaporationcondensation unit.
  • the at least one second connecting channel is formed as at least one level control and throttle channel.
  • Each of the at least one level control and throttle channel extends in vertical direction and fluidly connects the central section with the second feed through hole.
  • the height of each of the at least one level control and throttle channel corresponds to 30% to 70%, preferably 45% to 55% of a height of the central section.
  • the upper end of the at least one level control and throttle channel is arranged above the lower side of the central section.
  • the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the at least one level control and throttle channel is in the range of 10 -50 mm 2 , preferably in the range of 15-35 mm 2 .
  • the combination of controlling the fluid level and simultaneously the cross-sectional area of the channel may allow a more effective operation of the system in terms of balancing the pressure difference between effects of the system, the feed flooding characteristics of the central section, and the vapor leakage between effects of the system.
  • the at least one level control and throttle channel By means of the at least one level control and throttle channel it is not only possible to set the feed level in the frame but also to provide a throttle which has a wide spectrum of use and is optimally designed for a membrane-less multi effect evaporation and condensation system according to this disclosure which is in operation.
  • the optimal design of the at least one level control and throttle channel takes into account the height of the at least one level control and throttle channel and also considers factors of a system in operation such as the pressure difference between effects of the system, the feed flooding characteristics of the central section, and the vapor leakage between effects of the system.
  • the central section of the frame has a width of 300 mm to 900 mm, more preferred a width of 450 mm to 700 mm.
  • the central section of the frame has a height of 200 mm to 600 mm, more preferred a height of 300 mm to 400 mm.
  • the height of the central section is measured from the lower side of the central section to the upper side of the central section. If the height varies along the width of the central section, the maximum height is considered as the (overall) height of the central section.
  • the width of the central section is measured from the left side of the central section to the right side of the central section. If the width varies along the height of the central section, the maximum width is considered as the (overall) width of the central section.
  • ME evaporation and condensation systems usually comprise multiple evaporation-condensation units.
  • An evaporationcondensation unit is characterized by a certain temperature and pressure level which differs from the temperature and pressure level of another evaporationcondensation unit of that system, when the system is in operation.
  • An evaporation and condensation unit is also referred to as an effect of the evaporation and condensation system.
  • One effect comprises multiple frames according to this disclosure, more specifically at least one condensation frame and at least one evaporation frame.
  • the pressures and the temperatures in the evaporation and condensation effects decrease from effect to effect from the hot side of the evaporation and condensation system (the side where the “hot” feed enters the system) to the cold side of the evaporation and condensation system (the side where the “cold” feed exits the system).
  • the feed which flows from a first effect to the subsequent second effect passes the at least one level control and throttle channel provided in the first effect.
  • the pressure in the first effect is higher than the pressure in the second effect.
  • the height and the cross-sectional area of the at least one level control and throttle channel has to be optimally designed. To determine the right cross-sectional surface the following factors have to be considered and balanced with each other:
  • the size of the cross-sectional area impacts the pressure difference between the central section and the second feed through hole.
  • One function of the level control and throttle channel is to provide a pressure drop between stages.
  • the size of the cross-sectional area impacts the feed flooding characteristics of the central section. If the cross-sectional area does not allow sufficient flow of feed to pass through, the feed will accumulate upstream of the channel and rise above the determined level set by the height of the level control and throttle channel.
  • the size of the cross-sectional area of the one or more level control and throttle channels impacts the leakage of vapor between effects. As the pressure drops between effects, vapor from an effect with higher pressure is sucked through the level control and throttle channel by the subsequent effect with lower pressure.
  • the at least one level control and throttle channel may provide a wide spectrum of use in which it is optimally balanced in terms of the above mentioned factors.
  • the cross-sectional area of the at least one level control and throttle channel is designed for a system in use.
  • the cross-sectional area of the at least one level control and throttle channel may have a rectangular shape or an oval shape or a circular shape.
  • the cross-sectional area of a level control and throttle channel refers to the cross-sectional area at the upper end of the level control and throttle channel.
  • the cross-sectional area of a single level control and throttle channel is constant over the height of that level control and throttle channel.
  • Each of the at least one level control and throttle channel extends in vertical direction.
  • Vertical direction in the sense of this disclosure includes a direction at an angle of +10° or -10° to the vertical direction.
  • the height of the one or more level control and throttle channels corresponds to the distance from the inlet to the outlet of the respective level control and throttle channel.
  • the height of the one or more level control and throttle channels corresponds to the distance from the upper end of the at least one level control and throttle channel to the lower end of the respective level control and throttle channel.
  • the upper end of the at least one level control and throttle channel is positioned above the lower side of the central section. Consequently, the feed level in the central section must rise at least as high as the upper end of the at least one level control and throttle channel to enter the at least one level control and throttle channel.
  • the upper end of the at least one level control and throttle channel is positioned above the lower side of the central section.
  • the at least one level control and throttle channel extends to a large extend within the central section to control the fluid level.
  • the frame preferably does not comprise a level bar.
  • An evaporation frame comprises the second set of through hole connecting channels as explained above.
  • the feed level can be set by adjusting the height of the at least one level control and throttle channel. Feed which flows into the central section from the first feed through hole is accumulated in the central section until it reaches the upper end of the at least one level control and throttle channel. When the feed reaches the upper end of the at least one level control and throttle channel, the feed may enter into the at least one level control and throttle channel. The feed then passes through the at least one level control and throttle channel and flows into the second feed through hole.
  • the at least one level control and throttle channel may be formed as a single channel. Alternatively, multiple channels may be arranged side by side. [118] According to an exemplary embodiment, the at least one level control and throttle channel is arranged in a right side region of the central section.
  • the right side region of the central section has a width which corresponds to 1/10 of the width of the central section, preferably to 1/25 of the width of the central section.
  • the right side region of the central section extends from the right side of the central section towards the left side of the central section.
  • the at least one level control and throttle channel may extend through a level control and throttle body such as a cuboid body made of polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • a level control and throttle body such as a cuboid body made of polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • Such level control and throttle body extends from the lower side of the central section towards the upper side of the central section and extends from the right side of the central section towards the left side of the central section.
  • the provision of a level control and throttle body may improve the manufacturing of the whole frame.
  • the level control and throttle body is configured such that the at least one level control and throttle channel may extend therein.
  • the level control and throttle body is arranged within the central section such that the feed must flow over the upper end of the level control and throttle body in order to enter the at least one level control and throttle channel.
  • the level control and throttle body determines the height of the feed in the central section before the feed flows into the at least one level control and throttle channel.
  • the level control and throttle body is arranged such that feed may not accumulate on the right side of the level control and throttle body but only on the left side of the level control and throttle body.
  • the level control and throttle body may be integrally formed with the intermediate section of the frame.
  • the at least one level control and throttle channel is open to the outside at one lateral side.
  • the one open lateral side of that at least one level control and throttle channel may be closed by a foil which is arranged between adjacent frames or may be closed by an adjacent frame to which it is connected.
  • the one open lateral side may be closed by a level control and throttle body of an adjacent frame.
  • a membrane-less multi effect evaporation and condensation unit may comprise multiple evaporation-condensation units.
  • Each of the multiple evaporation-condensation units may comprise a stack of frames including one or more first frames.
  • the total cross-sectional area of the at least one level control and throttle channel of a first frame may be the same for all the first frames of the system. That means that every first frame has the same total cross-sectional area of the at least one level control and throttle channel.
  • the total cross-sectional area of the at least one level control and throttle channel corresponds to the sum of all the cross-sectional areas of the level control and throttle channels of a frame.
  • Each first frame may for example comprise one level control and throttle channel wherein the cross-sectional area of the level control and throttle channels of all first frames is constant.
  • the total cross-sectional area of the at least one level control and throttle channel of a first frame is the same for all first frames within a unit of the system but differs with reference to different units.
  • the total cross-sectional area of the at least one level control and throttle channel of a first frame may for example be constant with respect to all the first frames of a single unit but may gradually decrease from unit to unit when viewed from one end of the system to the other end of the system in downstream direction, i.e. the flowing direction of the feed.
  • the first unit of the system may comprise first frames with one level control and throttle channel wherein the cross-sectional area of the level control and throttle channels of all first frames in the first unit is constant.
  • the second unit of the system may comprise first frames with one level control and throttle channel wherein the cross-sectional area of the level control and throttle channels of all first frames in the second unit is the same (constant) and smaller than the total cross-sectional area of the one level control and throttle channel of a first frame in the first unit.
  • Such a configuration may be advantageous regarding the increasing velocity of vapor in upstream direction of the vapor.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a frame 1 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the frame of Fig. 1 along line A-
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the frame of Fig. 1 along line B-
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a frame according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure, a so called condensation frame 200.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a frame according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure, a so called evaporation frame 300.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a frame according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure, a so called droplet separator inlet frame 500.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates a frame according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure, a so called droplet separator outlet frame 600.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a configuration comprising an evaporationcondensation unit 60 and a droplet separator unit 70.
  • the evaporationcondensation unit comprises a frame according to Fig. 4 and a frame according to Fig. 5.
  • the droplet separator unit comprises a frame according to Fig. 6 and a frame according to Fig. 7.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates the configuration of Fig. 8 and indicates the flow of feed 13 within the system when it is in operation.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates the configuration of Fig. 8 and indicates the flow of vapor 25 within the system when it is in operation.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates the configuration of Fig. 8 and indicates the flow of vapor 25 and distillate 16 within the system when it is in operation.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a configuration with frames according to Fig. 4, frames according to Fig. 5, frames according to Fig. 6 and frames according to Fig. 7 within a configuration of two evaporationcondensation units 600 and a droplet separator unit 70 connected in series with one of the evaporation-condensation units 60.
  • Fig. 13 illustrates a condensation frame 200 according to a further embodiment of the present disclosure. With arrows the flow of vapor 25 and distillate 16 is indicated when the condensation frame 200 is installed in an evaporation-condensation unit which is in operation.
  • Fig. 14 illustrates an evaporation frame 300 according to a further embodiment of the present disclosure. With arrows the flow of brine 13 and vapor 25 is indicated when the evaporation frame 300 is installed in an evaporation-condensation unit which is in operation.
  • Fig. 15 illustrates a droplet separator inlet frame 500 according to a further embodiment of the present disclosure. With arrows the flow of vapor 25 and drainage 29 is indicated when the droplet separator inlet frame 500 is installed in an evaporation-condensation unit which is in operation.
  • Fig. 16 illustrates a droplet separator outlet frame 600 according to a further embodiment of the present disclosure. With arrows the flow of vapor 25 is indicated when the droplet separator outlet frame 600 is installed in an evaporation-condensation unit which is in operation.
  • Fig. 17 illustrates a cover and configuration plate 700 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 18 illustrates a frame 1 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a frame according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure, a so called condensation frame 200.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates a frame according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure, a so called evaporation frame 300.
  • Fig. 21 illustrates an enlarged view of section D of Fig. 20.
  • Fig. 22 illustrates a cross-sectional view along line E-E in Fig. 21.
  • Fig. 22 shows five different exemplary embodiments I-V for the design of the level control and throttle channel 110.
  • Fig. 23 illustrates a frame according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure, a so called droplet separator inlet frame 500.
  • Fig. 24 illustrates a frame according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure, a so called droplet separator outlet frame 600.
  • Fig. 25 illustrates a frame 1 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure.
  • Fig. 26 illustrates a frame 1 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure.
  • frames with structural elements on the left side of the frame and on the right side of the frame are described.
  • the following description equally refers to frames that are designed in a mirror-inverted manner, i.e. frames in which the left side of the frame and the right side of the frame are mirror-inverted with reference to the vertical central axis.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a frame 1 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure.
  • the frame 1 comprises three sections, which are the circumferential section 2, the intermediate section 3 and the central section 4.
  • the circumferential section 2 encloses the intermediate section 3 and the central section 4.
  • the intermediate section 3 comprises multiple through holes.
  • the multiple through holes of the intermediate section 3 comprise a first vapor through hole 7 and a second vapor through hole 8 arranged above the central section 4.
  • the multiple through holes comprise a first feed through hole 5 and a second feed through hole 6 arranged below the central section 4.
  • a drainage through hole 51 is arranged between the first feed through hole 5 and the second feed through hole 6 in horizontal direction.
  • Two distillate through holes 9, 10 are arranged adjacent to the lower side of the central section 4, one on the left side of the central section 4 and the other one on the right side of the central section 4.
  • a level bar 21 is arranged which extends in vertical direction. The level bar 21 fluidly separates a central section lower portion 4 in a left lower portion 30 and in a right lower portion 40.
  • the drainage through hole 51 and the level bar 21 are optional features of the frame according to this disclosure. According to further exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the drainage through hole 51 and the level bar 21 may be omitted as well.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the frame of Fig. 1 along line A-
  • the drainage through hole 51 extends from the front side F of the frame 1 to the back side B of the frame 1.
  • the level bar 21 extends from the lower side of the central section 4 towards the upper side of the central section 4. The height of the level bar 21 sets the height of the lower portion 15 of the central section.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the frame of Fig. 1 along line B-
  • the second feed through hole 6 and the first vapor through hole 7 extend from the front side F of the frame to the back side B of the frame.
  • the flow of a feed 13 within the lower portion 15 of the central section 4 and the flow of a vapor 25 from the upper side towards the lower portion 15 of the central section 4 is indicated with arrows.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a frame according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure, a so called condensation frame 200.
  • the first set of through hole connecting channels comprise a vapor connecting channel 20 which fluidly connects the second vapor through hole 8 to the upper side of the central section 4.
  • the first set of through hole connecting channels further comprise distillate connecting channels 11, 12 which fluidly connect the distillate through holes 9, 10 to the central section 4. With a dotted arrow the flow of vapor 25 is indicated. With a straight arrow the flow of distillate 16 is indicated.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a frame according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure, a so called evaporation frame 300.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 5 corresponds to the embodiment of Fig. 1, but further comprise a second set of through hole connecting channels and a filter element 41 in the first vapor through hole 7.
  • the filter element may be omitted as well in other embodiments of the evaporation frame 300.
  • the second set of through hole connecting channels comprise feed connecting channels 22, 23 which fluidly connect the first feed through hole 5 and the second feed through hole 6 to the central section 4.
  • the second set of through hole connecting channels comprise a vapor connecting channel 24, which fluidly connects the first vapor through hole 7 with the upper side of the central section 4.
  • the filter element 41 does not extend over the full height of the first vapor through hole 7. Vapor 25 that flows into the first vapor through hole 7 passes the filter element 41. With a dotted arrow the flow of vapor 25 is indicated. With a straight arrow the flow of feed 13 is indicated.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a frame according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure, a so called droplet separator inlet frame 500.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 6 corresponds to the embodiment of Fig. 1, but further comprise a third set of through hole connecting channels.
  • the third set of through hole connecting channels comprise drainage connecting channels 50 which fluidly connect the drainage through hole 51 to the central section 4.
  • the second set through hole connecting channels comprise a vapor connecting channel 24, which fluidly connects the first vapor through hole 7 with the upper side of the central section 4. With a dotted arrow the flow of vapor 25 is indicated. With a straight arrow the flow of drainage 29 is indicated.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates a frame according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure, a so called droplet separator outlet frame 600.
  • the fourth set of through hole connecting channels comprise a vapor connecting channel 20, which fluidly connects the first vapor through hole 8 with the upper side of the central section 4. With a dotted arrow the flow of vapor 25 is indicated.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a configuration comprising an evaporationcondensation unit 60 and a droplet separator unit 70 which is connected in series with the evaporation-condensation unit 60.
  • the evaporation-condensation unit 60 comprises a frame according to Fig. 4 and a frame according to Fig. 5.
  • the droplet separator unit comprises a frame according to Fig. 6 and a frame according to Fig. 7.
  • figure 8 shows a first cover and configuration plate 700, a condensation frame 200, an evaporation frame 300 and a second cover and configuration plate 700. These four components form an exemplary evaporation-condensation unit 60 of a membrane-less ME evaporation and condensation system according to the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a droplet separator inlet frame 500, a droplet separator outlet frame 600 and a third configuration plate 700. These three components and the second configuration plate 700 form the droplet separator unit 70.
  • the third configuration plate 700 is a common component of the evaporation-condensation unit 60 and of the droplet separator unit 70.
  • a heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film 17 is arranged (shown in a displaced arrangement for better visualization).
  • the cover and configuration plate 700 comprises a feed passage 55, a distillate passage 56, a vapor passage 57 and a drainage passage 58.
  • the level bar 21 in Fig. 8 is only simplified illustrated in an unattached state. Of course, the level bar 21 is attached to the frame.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a configuration with frames according to Fig. 4, frames according to Fig. 5, frames according to Fig. 6 and frames according to Fig. 7 within a configuration of two evaporationcondensation units 60 and a droplet separator 70 connected in series with one of the evaporation-condensation units 60.
  • the first evaporation-condensation unit 60 on the left side comprises sixteen frames of which eight are condensation frames 200 and eight are evaporation frames 300.
  • a cover and configuration plate 700 is arranged at the beginning and the end of the stack of frames 48 .
  • condensation frames 200 and evaporation frames 300 are arranged alternately side by side in stacking direction such that the front side F of a first frame 200 faces the back side B of an adjacent evaporation frame 300 and the back side B of a condensation frame 200 faces the front side F of an adjacent evaporation frame 300.
  • a second evaporation-condensation unit 60 is connected in series.
  • the second evaporation- condensation unit 60 comprises eight frames of which four frames are condensation frames 200 and four frames are evaporation frames 300.
  • condensation frames 200 and evaporation frames 300 are arranged alternately side by side.
  • a cover and configuration plate 700 is arranged at the beginning and the end of the stack of frames 48 .
  • the cover and configuration plate 700 on the left hand side of the second evaporationcondensation unit 60 corresponds to the cover and configuration plate 700 on the right hand side of the first evaporation-condensation unit 60.
  • the cover and configuration plate 700 it is possible to close some of the channels within the stack of frames formed by the multiple through holes of the frames.
  • the frames of one effect of a membrane-less multi effect evaporation and condensation system may be arranged (designed) mirror- inverted compared to the frames of a subsequent effect of the system.
  • Mirror inverted means that the left side and the right side of the frames are inverted. Depending from the design of the frame, this may be possible by turning the frame by 180° about the vertical axis or may be reached by producing two sets of frames which are designed in a mirror-inverted manner.
  • a droplet separator unit 70 is connected in series.
  • a droplet separator is arranged between successive effects of the evaporation and condensation system. If the effects operate at low vapor velocities then droplet separators may not be needed.
  • the droplet separator unit 70 comprises four frames of which two frames are droplet separator inlet frames 500 and two frames are droplet separator outlet frames 600. In the stack of frames of the droplet separator unit 70, the droplet separator inlet frames 500 and the droplet separator outlet frames 600 are stacked alternately in stacking direction.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a condensation frame 200 according to a further embodiment of the present disclosure. With arrows the flow of vapor 25 and distillate 16 is indicated when the condensation frame 200 is installed in an evaporation-condensation unit which is in operation.
  • the central section 4 holds a grid 14.
  • the grid 14 in Fig. 13 is shown in a simplified manner as it is shown only for a bottom left portion of the central section 4. Actually, the grid 14 extends over / fills the whole central section 4.
  • the grid 14 comprises multiple flow channels extending in parallel in up-down direction and multiple flow channels extending in parallel in left-right direction.
  • the central section 4 is fluidly connected to the vapor through hole 8 by means of the vapor connecting channel 20. Further, the central section 4 is fluidly connected to the distillate through holes 9 by means of distillate connecting channels 11 and to the distillate through hole 10 by means of the distillate connecting channel 12. The central section 4 is not fluidly connected to vapor through hole 7, to the first and second feed through holes 5, 6 and to the drainage through hole 51.
  • the frame 1 further comprises an external gasket 18.
  • the gasket 18 comprises multiple elements.
  • the gasket 18 surrounds the circumferential section 2, the intermediate section 3, the central section 4 and the multiple through holes of the intermediate section 3.
  • An internal frame 19 is fixed to the circumferential section 2 by fixation bars 180.
  • the level bar 21 fluidly separates a central section lower portion 4 in a left lower portion 30 and in a right lower portion 40. Between the level bar 21 and the internal frame 19 a shortcut opening 210 is arranged. The shortcut opening extends over the full depth (stacking direction) of the frame 200.
  • Fig. 14 illustrates an evaporation frame 300 according to a further embodiment of the present disclosure. With arrows the flow of brine 13 and vapor 25 is indicated when the evaporation frame 300 is installed in an evaporation-condensation unit which is in operation.
  • the frame of Fig. 14 has the same section and through hole structure as the frame 200 of Fig. 13. However, the fluid connection between the multiple through holes and the central section 4 is different compared to the embodiment of the frame 200 which is shown in Fig. 13.
  • the central section 4 is fluidly connected to the vapor through hole 7 by means of the vapor connecting channel 24.
  • central section 4 is fluidly connected to the first feed through hole 5 by means of a first feed connecting channel 23 and to the second feed through hole 6 by means of a second feed connecting channel 22.
  • the distillate through holes 9, 10, the vapor through hole 8 and the drainage through hole 51 are not fluidly connected to the central section 4.
  • a heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film 17 is attached on each one of the front side and the back side of the frame .
  • the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable films 17 are illustrated in exploded view.
  • the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable films 17 are fixed to the internal frame 19 which surrounds the central section 4 and separates the central section 4 from the intermediate section 2.
  • the grid 14 supports the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable films 17 which cover the central section 4 on both sides.
  • a filter element 41 is integrated in the vapor through hole 7 of the frame 300.
  • Enlarged detail view A in Fig. 14 illustrates the filter element 41 which is integrated in the vapor through hole 7.
  • Fig. 15 illustrates a droplet separator inlet frame 500 according to a further embodiment of the present disclosure. With arrows the flow of vapor 25 and drainage 29 is indicated when the droplet separator inlet frame 500 is installed in an evaporation-condensation unit which is in operation.
  • the frame 500 of Fig. 15 has the same section and through hole structure as the frames 200, 300 shown in Fig. 13 and Fig. 14. However, the fluid connection between the multiple through holes and the central section 4 is different compared to the embodiment shown in Fig. 13 to Fig. 14. [195]
  • the central section 4 is only fluidly connected to the vapor through hole 7 by means of the vapor connecting channel 24 and the drainage through hole 51 by means of the drainage connecting channels 50.
  • the central section 4 is not fluidly connected to the distillate through holes 9, 10, the first and second feed through hole 5, 6, and the vapor through hole 8.
  • a cover 42 is attached on each one of the front side and the back side of the frame .
  • the covers 42 are illustrated in exploded view.
  • the covers 42 are fixed to the internal frame 19 which surrounds the central section 4 and separates the central section 4 from the intermediate section 2.
  • Fig. 16 illustrates a droplet separator outlet frame 600 according to a further embodiment of the present disclosure. With arrows the flow of vapor 25 is indicated when the droplet separator outlet frame 600 is installed in an evaporation-condensation unit which is in operation.
  • the frame 600 of Fig. 16 has the same section and through hole structure as the frames 200, 300, 500 as shown in Fig. 13 to Fig. 15. However, the fluid connection between the multiple through holes and the central section 4 is different compared to the embodiment shown in Fig. 13 to Fig. 15.
  • the central section 4 is only fluidly connected to the vapor through hole 8 by means of the vapor connecting channel 20.
  • the central section 4 is not fluidly connected to the distillate through holes 9, 10, the first and second feed through hole 5, 6, the drainage through hole 51 and the vapor through hole 7.
  • Fig. 17 illustrates a cover and configuration plate 700 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the cover and configuration plate 700 of Fig. 17 differs from the frames 200, 300, 500, 600 as shown in Fig.
  • the frames of the stack of frames comprise a drainage through hole 51
  • the channel within the stack of frames formed by the multiple drainage through holes may be open to the outside as well.
  • the drainage through hole 51 is open as well.
  • the central section 4 is closed and does not comprise a grid 14 or a level bar 21.
  • the central section may be closed by being a central section with a grid that is covered with a film on both sides such that it is closed.
  • Fig. 18 illustrates a frame 1 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure.
  • the frame illustrated in Fig. 18 corresponds to a large extend to the frame illustrated in Fig. 1 but does not comprise a level bar but comprises a level control and throttle body 100 instead.
  • the frame 1 comprises a first feed through hole 5 and a second feed through hole 6 arranged below the central section 4.
  • Two distillate through holes 9, 10 are arranged adjacent to the lower side of the central section 4, one on the left side of the central section 4 and the other one on the right side of the central section 4.
  • the level control and throttle body 100 is arranged in the right lower corner of the central section 4.
  • the level control and throttle body 100 extends from the lower side of the central section 4 towards the upper side of the central section 4 and extends from the right side of the central section 4 towards the left side of the central section 4.
  • the level control and throttle body 100 is positioned above the second feed through hole 6 in vertical direction.
  • the central section 4 is configured such that feed 13 can flow from the left side of the central section 4 to the right side of the central section 4 and vice versa, and that feed 13 can flow from the top side of the central section towards the lower side of the central section 4 and vice versa, and that vapor 25 can flow from the top side of the central section towards the lower side of the central section and vice versa.
  • the potential flows of vapor and feed is indicated with arrows.
  • the central section 4 has the height H and the width W.
  • the drainage through hole 51 and the level control and throttle body 100 are optional features of the frame according to this disclosure. According to further exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the drainage through hole 51 and the level control and throttle body 100 may be omitted as well.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a frame according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure, a so called condensation frame 200.
  • the first set of through hole connecting channels comprise a vapor connecting channel 20 which fluidly connects the second vapor through hole 8 to the upper side of the central section 4.
  • the first set of through hole connecting channels further comprise distillate connecting channels 11, 12 which fluidly connect the distillate through holes 9, 10 to the central section 4.
  • the distillate connecting channel 12 extends through the level control and throttle body 100.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates a frame according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure, a so called evaporation frame 300.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 20 corresponds to the embodiment of Fig. 18, but further comprise the second set of through hole connecting channels and a filter element 41 in the first vapor through hole 7.
  • the filter element may be omitted as well in other embodiments of the evaporation frame 300.
  • the second set of through hole connecting channels comprise feed connecting channels 22, 23 which fluidly connect the first feed through hole 5 and the second feed through hole 6 to the central section 4.
  • the second set of through hole connecting channels comprise a vapor connecting channel 24, which fluidly connects the first vapor through hole 7 with the upper side of the central section 4.
  • the filter element 41 does not extend over the full height of the first vapor through hole 7. Vapor 25 that flows into the first vapor through hole 7 passes the filter element 41. With a dotted arrow the flow of vapor 25 is indicated.
  • the feed connecting channel 22 is formed as a level control and throttle channel 110.
  • the level control and throttle channel 110 extends in vertical direction and fluidly connects the central section 4 to the second feed through hole 6.
  • the level control and throttle channel 110 extends through the level control and throttle body 100.
  • Fig. 21 illustrates an enlarged view of section D of Fig. 20.
  • Fig. 21 shows the level control and throttle channel 110 which extends through the level control and throttle body 100.
  • the level control and throttle channel 110 extends in vertical direction and has a height h which corresponds to 30% to 70%, preferably 45% to 55% of a height H of the central section 4.
  • Fig. 22 illustrates a cross-sectional view along line E-E in Fig. 21.
  • Fig. 22 shows five different exemplary embodiments I-V for the design of the level control and throttle channel 110.
  • Fig. 22 I shows the level control and throttle body 100 extending from the front side of the frame to the back side of the frame.
  • the level control and throttle channel 110 extends in the level control and throttle body and has a circular cross-sectional area A.
  • the level control and throttle channel 110 has an oval cross-sectional area A.
  • the level control and throttle channel 110 has a rectangular cross-sectional area A.
  • two level control and throttle channels 110 extend side by side.
  • the two level control and throttle channels have circular cross- sectional areas Al and A2.
  • the total cross-sectional area of the two level control and throttle channels corresponds to the sum of the two cross-sectional areas.
  • the level control and throttle channel 110 has a rectangular cross-sectional area A and extends in the level control and throttle body 100 such that one lateral side of the level control and throttle channel 110 is open to the outside.
  • Fig. 23 illustrates a frame according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure, a so called droplet separator inlet frame 500.
  • the third set of through hole connecting channels comprise drainage connecting channels 50 which fluidly connect the drainage through hole 51 to the central section 4.
  • the second set through hole connecting channels comprise a vapor connecting channel 24, which fluidly connects the first vapor through hole 7 with the upper side of the central section 4. With a dotted arrow the flow of vapor 25 is indicated. With a straight arrow the flow of drainage 29 is indicated.
  • Fig. 24 illustrates a frame according to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure in a simplified structure, a so called droplet separator outlet frame 600.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 24 corresponds to the embodiment of Fig.
  • the fourth set of through hole connecting channels comprise a vapor connecting channel 20, which fluidly connects the first vapor through hole 8 with the upper side of the central section 4. With a dotted arrow the flow of vapor 25 is indicated.
  • Fig. 25 discloses a further exemplary embodiment of a frame according to the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 25 corresponds to the embodiment of Fig. 1 with the difference that the first vapor through hole 7 and the second vapor through hole 8 of the multiple through holes of the intermediate section 3 are partly arranged above the central section 4 and are partly arranged besides the central section.
  • Fig. 26 discloses a further exemplary embodiment of a frame according to the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 26 corresponds to the embodiment of Fig. 18 with the difference that the first vapor through hole 7 and the second vapor through hole 8 of the multiple through holes of the intermediate section 3 are partly arranged above the central section 4 and are partly arranged besides the central section.
  • the present disclosure uses a polymer based basic frame design that can be modified to be an evaporation frame or a condensation frame.
  • the basic design of the frame comprises multiple through-holes. In the stacked state, the multiple through-holes form fluid channels in stacking direction.
  • fluid channels may be closed/blocked such that fluid may not exit or enter the closed fluid channel on the side on which the cover and configuration plate is arranged. Due to the arrangement of different frames and the arrangement and modification of the cover plates, the fluid flow within the stack of frames is configurable.
  • the modification of the basic frame is performed by providing through-hole connecting channels. Depending on the configuration, different through-holes of the basic frame are connected to the central section of the frame. Further, the modification of the basic frame is performed by providing a drainage through-hole.
  • the vapor 25 which comes for example from an external vapor source or an effect upfront flows into the vapor through hole 8 and enters the central section 4 by passing the internal vapor channel 20.
  • the vapor 25 condenses on the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film 17 (not shown) forming the distillate 16.
  • the distillate 16 flows down the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film 17 and enters the distillate through holes 9, 10 by passing the internal channels 11, 12.
  • Fig. 14 the feed 13 coming for example from an effect upfront flows into the feed through hole 5.
  • the feed 13 then passes the internal opening 23 and enters the central section 4.
  • the feed 13 fills up the central section 4 as high as the level bar 21.
  • the feed 13 passes the level bar 21 on top and flows down towards the internal opening 22.
  • the feed 13 flows into the feed through hole 6.
  • the vapor 25 flows, caused by a lower pressure in the succeeding effect or condenser, towards the first vapor through hole 7.
  • a filter element 41 may be integrated into the vapor through hole 7 such that, when the vapor 25 passes the vapor through hole 7, droplets and foam are separated from the vapor 25.
  • the filter element 41 does not cover the complete cross area in height of the first vapor through hole 7. However, the filter element 41 preferably will cover the complete cross area in depth and width of the first vapor through hole 7 such that vapor may not bypass the filter element when flowing upwards from the central section 4 into the first vapor through hole 7.
  • a shortcut opening 210 between the level bar 21 and the internal frame 19 allows to empty the frame at a standstill or for maintenance. Part of the feed 13 passes in operation the shortcut 210. This shortcut feed flow prevents solids taken with the feed 13 from settling in the central section 4.
  • vapor 25 with the load of droplets and / or foam enters the vapor through hole 7. From through hole 7 the vapor 25 flows into the central section 4 by passing the internal channel 24. Droplets and / or foam 50 kept back by the central section 4 and or the cover 42 which covers the central section 4 flow into the drainage channel 51 by passing the drainage connecting channels 50.
  • vapor 25 which comes from the central section 4 of an adjacent frame (not shown in Fig. 16) in front of the frame 600.
  • the vapor 25 flows through the central section 4 of the frame 600.
  • the vapor flows up into the vapor through hole 8 by passing the internal opening 20.
  • Fig. 9 to Fig. 11 illustrate the evaporation-condensation unit of Fig. 8 and indicate the flow of vapor 25, feed 13, distillate 16 and drainage 29 (when the evaporation-condensation unit is installed in an evaporation and condensation system according to the present disclosure which is in operation.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates the configuration of Fig. 8 and indicates the flow of feed 13 within the system when it is in operation. In Fig. 9, feed 13 enters the evaporation-condensation unit at feed passage 55 of the configuration plate 700 on the left hand side of the stack.
  • the feed 13 flows through the feed through hole 5 of the condensation frame 200 (not visible as covered by configuration plate 700) into the feed through hole 5 of the evaporation frame 300 (not visible as covered by condensation frame 200).
  • the feed 13 then enters in the central section 4 of the evaporation frame 200 via the feed channel 23.
  • the feed 13 passes the level bar 21 on top and flows down towards the internal opening 22.
  • the feed 13 passes the internal opening 22 and flows into the feed through hole 6 of the evaporation frame 300.
  • the feed 13 then passes the droplet separator 41 by passing the feed through holes 6 of the frames of the droplet separator and the feed passage 55 of the second configuration plate 700 and the third configuration plate 700.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates the configuration of Fig. 8 and indicates the flow of vapor 25 within the system when it is in operation.
  • vapor 25 flows up in the evaporation frame 300.
  • the vapor 25 is created by the flashing of the feed 13 which flows through the central section 4 of the evaporation frame.
  • the vapor 25 flows, caused by a lower pressure in the succeeding effect or condenser, towards the internal opening 24, passes the internal opening 24 and flows into the vapor through hole 7.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates the configuration of Fig. 8 and indicates the flow of vapor 25 (Fig. 11 shows the part of the vapor flow which is transferred into distillate) and distillate 16 within the system when it is in operation.
  • the vapor 25 which comes for example from an external vapor source, or an effect upfront flows into the vapor through hole 8 of the condenser frame 200 and enters the central section 4 of the condenser frame 200 by passing the internal vapor channel 20.
  • the vapor 25 condenses on the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film 17 forming the distillate 16.
  • the distillate 16 flows down the heat conductive and liquid and gas impermeable film 17 and enters the distillate through holes 9, 10 by passing the internal channels 11, 12.
  • Heat and mass transfer devices based on individual plastic frames such as evaporators, condensers, mass and heat exchangers are well known. By joining the individual frames together, blocks are built up which can then in turn be joined together to form stages, modules and complete systems.
  • Individual frames can be permanently joined together by processes such as friction welding, hot plate welding, bonding and other processes.
  • individual frames can also be assembled into blocks and joined together using a gasket connection. This is advantageous when industrial waste water or waste solutions are treated with the equipment. Industrial processes are constantly changing due to changing production conditions, environmental regulations and other influences. These changes in the process very often lead to a change in the composition of the liquid stream to be treated. If this flow is to be concentrated, the changed chemical composition, organic or inorganic, can spontaneously lead to fouling or scaling, usually in the form of coatings, in the system made up of frames.
  • the frame may be further characterized by the following aspects.
  • the frame further comprises a gasket surrounding at least one of the circumferential section, the intermediate section, the central section or one of the multiple through holes of the intermediate section.
  • the gasket By means of the gasket, a detachably connection between the frames in a stack may be realized.
  • the gasket is configured to fluid-tightly connect sections and/or through holes of two adjacent frames in a stacked state of multiple frames.
  • the gasket can comprise multiple elements or can be formed out of one single gasket element.
  • the circumferential section is enclosed by a first gasket element and the multiple through holes of the intermediate section and the central section are enclosed by a second contiguous gasket element.
  • the second contiguous gasket element can be formed of multiple, non-contiguous gasket elements, each enclosing one or more of the multiple through holes of the intermediate section and the central section.
  • the gasket sealing the circumferential sections of adjacent frames has a width of 1 - 7 mm, preferably 2.5 - 5 mm and a height of 1 - 4 mm, preferably 2 - 3 mm, and the gasket sealing the multiple through holes and the central section of adjacent frames has a width of 1.5 - 4 mm, preferably 2 - 3 mm and a height of 1 - 3.5 mm, preferably 2 - 3 mm.
  • the frame according to the above aspect further comprises a groove configured to receive the gasket.
  • the gasket By means of the groove, the gasket may be fixed and held in position.
  • the frame according to the above aspects further comprises a protruding tongue, wherein the arrangement of the protruding tongue at least partly matches the arrangement of the gasket, when viewed in a front view, such that the protruding tongue at least partly pushes on the gasket of an adjacent frame in a stacked state of frames.
  • the frame according to the above aspects further comprises a protruding distance bar, wherein the protruding distance bar is configured to provide a pre-defined gap between two adjacent frames in a stacked state.
  • the protruding distance bar may protect the gaskets as they ensure that the gaskets are compressed only to a certain extent.
  • the plastics frequently used for the frames include polyolefins, such as polyethylene PE and polypropylene PP.
  • Frames made of PE and PP are easy to produce reliably in large quantities by injection moulding.
  • gasket-based systems made of frames are the anti-adhesive surface. This means that if a gasket made of e.g. silicone or polyurethane is applied to the frames, there is no or only very insufficient adhesion of the gasket material to the surface of the frame without pre-treatment of the frames.
  • the adhesion of the gasket material to the surface of the frame can be improved by flame or plasma treatment to such an extent that the gasket, the gasket material can only be removed destructively.
  • These subsequently applied gaskets are usually applied with multi-axis dosing systems. The manufacturing process of pre-treatment and dosing is very susceptible to failure and must be carefully monitored at all times.
  • a gasket made of a thermoplastic elastomer may be applied.
  • the TPE can also be applied to the e.g. PE- or PP-material of the frame by injection moulding.
  • the physical characteristics of TPE is such that they adhere very well to PE and PP and can only be removed destructively.
  • the TPE may be applied to the frames by using the process of core pull injection moulding.
  • Such method comprises the step of providing a core pull injection mould.
  • the core pull injection mould comprises a first cavity for the frame and can be modified by pulling a core such that a second cavity for the gasket is formed.
  • the method further comprises the step of injecting the frame material into the first cavity wherein the core is not pulled yet.
  • the core is pulled such that the second cavity is formed within the core pull injection mould.
  • the TPE material is injected into the second cavity for the gasket.
  • the TPE may be applied to the frames by using two injection moulds, the first one for the frame and the second one for the gasket.
  • Such method comprises the step of providing a first injection mould and a second injection mould.
  • the first injection mould comprises the cavity for the frame.
  • the second injection mould comprises the cavity for the gasket.
  • the method further comprises the step of injecting the frame material into the cavity of the first injection mould, the step of removing the frame out of the first injection mould, the step of inserting the frame into the second mould and injecting the TPE material into the cavity of the second mould.
  • the TPE may be applied to the frames by using a method with a cube mould.
  • the frame material is injected into a cavity comprising a first cavity half and a second cavity half.
  • the cavity is opened such that the frame remains in the first cavity half wherein one side of the frame is exposed to the outside (as the second cavity half has been removed).
  • the cube mould including the first cavity half rotates such that the first cavity half is moved.
  • the first cavity half is closed with a third (counter) cavity half forming a new cavity for the TPE.
  • the TPE is then injected into the new cavity forming the gasket.
  • connection between gasket and frame may be improved by providing grooves or holes in the gasket/frame such that a positive connection between the gasket and the frame may be realized.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

La présente divulgation concerne un cadre (1) conçu pour être utilisé dans une unité d'évaporation-condensation (50) d'un système d'évaporation et de condensation à effets multiples sans membrane. Le cadre (1) comprend une section circonférentielle (2), une section centrale (4) et une section intermédiaire (3). La section intermédiaire (3) est disposée entre la section circonférentielle (2) et la section centrale (4) et comprend de multiples trous traversants s'étendant du côté avant (F) au côté arrière (B) du cadre (1). Les multiples trous traversants comprennent un premier trou traversant de vapeur (7), un second trou traversant de vapeur (8), un premier trou traversant d'alimentation (5), un second trou traversant d'alimentation (6), et un trou traversant de distillat (9, 10). En outre, la présente divulgation concerne un système d'évaporation et de condensation à effets multiples sans membrane.
PCT/EP2022/071730 2021-08-12 2022-08-02 Cadres pour système d'évaporation et de condensation à effets multiples WO2023016873A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EPPCT/EP2021/000097 2021-08-12
PCT/EP2021/000097 WO2023016620A1 (fr) 2021-08-12 2021-08-12 Cadres pour un système d'évaporation et de condensation à effets multiples

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PCT/EP2021/000097 WO2023016620A1 (fr) 2021-08-12 2021-08-12 Cadres pour un système d'évaporation et de condensation à effets multiples
PCT/EP2022/071730 WO2023016873A1 (fr) 2021-08-12 2022-08-02 Cadres pour système d'évaporation et de condensation à effets multiples

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3768539A (en) 1971-07-12 1973-10-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Modular arrangement of falling film multiple effect evaporator
FR2239268A1 (en) 1973-08-01 1975-02-28 Saari Risto Multistage water evaporator for small flows - partic. for domestic use, constructed from thin rectangular modules
EP0046528A1 (fr) 1980-08-22 1982-03-03 Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet Appareil thermo-industriel pour la mise en oeuvre de procédés thermodynamiques utilisant un couple de transitions de phases mutuellement opposées d'un milieu de travail
WO2005089914A1 (fr) 2004-03-19 2005-09-29 Wolfgang Heinzl Procede et dispositif pour distiller des solutions sur une membrane

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3768539A (en) 1971-07-12 1973-10-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Modular arrangement of falling film multiple effect evaporator
FR2239268A1 (en) 1973-08-01 1975-02-28 Saari Risto Multistage water evaporator for small flows - partic. for domestic use, constructed from thin rectangular modules
EP0046528A1 (fr) 1980-08-22 1982-03-03 Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet Appareil thermo-industriel pour la mise en oeuvre de procédés thermodynamiques utilisant un couple de transitions de phases mutuellement opposées d'un milieu de travail
WO2005089914A1 (fr) 2004-03-19 2005-09-29 Wolfgang Heinzl Procede et dispositif pour distiller des solutions sur une membrane

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